Psalms 89:49

Hebrew Bible (Masoretic) numbering: 89:50
אַיֵּ֤ה חֲסָדֶ֖יךָ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֥ים אֲדֹנָ֑י נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לְ֝דָוִ֗ד בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ
Lord, where are thy former lovingkindnesses, which thou swarest unto David in thy truth?
Connections

2 Samuel 7:15

וְחַסְדִּי לֹֽא-יָסוּר מִמֶּנּוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר הֲסִרֹתִי מֵעִם שָׁאוּל אֲשֶׁר הֲסִרֹתִי מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃
15
But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee.

Hebrews 7:21

οἵ μέν γάρ χωρίς ὁρκωμοσίας εἰσιν ἱερεῖς γεγονότες ὁ δὲ μετὰ ὁρκωμοσίας διὰ τοῦ λέγοντος πρὸς αὐτόν· Ὤμοσεν κύριος καὶ οὐ μεταμεληθήσεται· Σὺ ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ
21
(For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:)

Isaiah 63:7

חַֽסְדֵי יְהוָה׀ אַזְכִּיר תְּהִלֹּת יְהוָה כְּעַל כֹּל אֲשֶׁר-גְּמָלָנוּ יְהוָה וְרַב-טוּב לְבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר-גְּמָלָם כְּֽרַחֲמָיו וּכְרֹב חֲסָדָֽיו׃
7
I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the LORD, and the praises of the LORD, according to all that the LORD hath bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses.

Psalms 54:5

יָשִׁיב הָרַע לְשֹׁרְרָי בַּאֲמִתְּךָ הַצְמִיתֵֽם׃
5
He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy truth.

Psalms 89:35

אַחַת נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי בְקָדְשִׁי אִֽם-לְדָוִד אֲכַזֵּֽב׃
35
Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David.

Psalms 89:3

כָּרַתִּֽי בְרִית לִבְחִירִי נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְדָוִד עַבְדִּֽי׃
3
I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant,

Psalms 132:11

נִשְׁבַּֽע-יְהוָה׀ לְדָוִד אֱמֶת לֹֽא-יָשׁוּב מִמֶּנָּה מִפְּרִי בִטְנְךָ אָשִׁית לְכִסֵּא-לָֽךְ׃
11
The LORD hath sworn in truth unto David; he will not turn from it; Of the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy throne.

Isaiah 55:3

הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם וּלְכוּ אֵלַי שִׁמְעוּ וּתְחִי נַפְשְׁכֶם וְאֶכְרְתָה לָכֶם בְּרִית עוֹלָם חַֽסְדֵי דָוִד הַנֶּאֱמָנִֽים׃
3
Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David.

Psalms 77:9

הֲשָׁכַח חַנּוֹת אֵל אִם-קָפַץ בְּאַף רַחֲמָיו סֶֽלָה׃
9
Hath God forgotten to be gracious? hath he in anger shut up his tender mercies? Selah.

2 Samuel 3:9

כֹּֽה-יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים לְאַבְנֵר וְכֹה יֹסִיף לוֹ כִּי כַּֽאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְהוָה לְדָוִד כִּי-כֵן אֶֽעֱשֶׂה-לּֽוֹ׃
9
So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the LORD hath sworn to David, even so I do to him;
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Psalms 89:49
Masoretic Phrasing
This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
אַיֵּ֤ה חֲסָדֶ֖יךָ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֥ים אֲדֹנָ֑י Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לְ֝דָוִ֗ד Revia Mugrash — a lesser break בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ Silluq — end of the verse
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Word Parts
אַיֵּ֤ה
אַיֵּ֤ה
Particle turns the sentence into a question
Dictionary form: אַיֵּה · ah-YAY
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ti
Particle — Interrogative
אַיֵּה Speech Particle Type Interrogative
In English
In the KJV here: where
where ×29 and where ×5 me where ×4 but where ×2 saying where ×2 and where is he ×1 him where ×1 they where ×1
More options
where — Direct interrogative; most universally applicable rendering.
where is — Natural when verb must be made explicit in English.
where are — Use when subject is plural or a plural noun phrase.
where has … gone — Implies disappearance or absence; adds dramatic nuance.
whatever happened to — Colloquial; suits rhetorical or lamenting contexts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB361 H346

BDB360 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB362

אַיֵּה45 (lengthened from אַי, compare הֵן & הִנֵּה) interr.adverb Where? Gen 18:9; Gen 19:5; Gen 22:7 the most general term expressing this idea, used of both person & things (but never with a verb [contrast אֵיפֹה]); often in poetry or elevated style, where the answer nowhere is expected, Isa 33:18; Isa 36:19; Isa 51:13; Jer 2:28 (compare Deut 32:37 אֵי) Jer 17:15; Jer 37:19, Job 15:23 he wandereth abroad for bread אַיֵּה (saying) Where is it ? Job 21:28; Zech 1:5 (אַיֵּההֵֿם); in the (iron.) phrase where is thy (their) God? Ps 42:4; Ps 42:11; Ps 79:10; Ps 115:2 (אַיֵּהנָֿא) Joel 2:17 rhetorically, of an earnest inquiry Jer 2:6; Jer 2:8; Job 35:10, or longing Isa 63:11; Isa 63:15; Judg 6:13.

Strong's Definition H346
where
ʾayyē
where?
  • where?
    • of persons, things
      • "rhetorical
Variations 7 forms of this word
Translations 11 English renderings
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Word Parts
חֲסָדֶ֖י ךָ
חֲסָדֶ֖י
Root word mercy, kindness, lovingkindness, mercies, goodness, …
ךָ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: חֵסֵד · hay-SADE
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmpc/Sp2ms
Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word
חֲסָדֶי Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Construct
ךָ Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: lovingkindnesses
his mercy ×45 mercy ×28 kindness ×21 thy lovingkindness ×8 and mercy ×7 thy mercy ×7 of thy mercy ×6 kindly ×5
More options
faithful love — Most scholarly modern default; captures covenant loyalty dimension.
steadfast love — Common in academic translations (RSV, NRSV); emphasizes reliability.
loving kindness — Two-word modernization of KJV compound; warm, devotional register.
mercy — Prefer when context stresses pardon or compassion over covenant.
kindness — Best for interpersonal, non-theological contexts (e.g. Ruth).
loyalty — Use when covenant obligation is the primary emphasis.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2965 H2617

BDB2964 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2966

חֶ֫סֶד: 247 noun masculine2Sam 16:17 goodness, kindness; — absolute ׳ח Gen 24:12 + 85 t.; חָ֑סֶד Gen 39:21 + 12 t.; construct חֶסֶד 1Sam 20:14 + 8 t.; suffix חַסְדִּי Ps 59:18 + 120 t. suffixes; plural חֲסָדִים Gen 32:11 construct חַסֵדֵי Isa 55:3 + 5 t. (BaerJes p. 79 Ges«GKC:93»§ 93, R, 1. F.); suffix חֲסָדַי Neh 13:14 + 10t. suffixes; (not in H or P). I. of man:

1. kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits 1Sam 20:15; 2Sam 16:17; Ps 141:5; Prov 19:22; Prov 20:6 יהוה ׳ח 1Sam 20:14 the kindness of ׳י (such as he shews, Thes MV; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke); compare אלהים ׳ח 2Sam 9:3 ׳תּוֺרַתאח Prov 31:26 instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִמָּדִי do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me Gen 20:13; Gen 40:14 (E), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 10:2 (עִמִּי in || 1Chr 19:2); with עִם Gen 21:23 (E), Gen 24:12; Gen 24:14; Josh 2:12 (twice in verse); Judg 1:24 (J), Judg 8:35; 1Sam 15:6; 1Sam 2:5; 1Sam 3:8; 1Sam 9:1; 1Sam 9:3a = 1Chr 19:2a, 1Chr 19:2b 2Chr 24:22 with עַל 1Sam 20:8 with לְ 1Kgs 2:7 לפני ׳נשׂא ח obtain kindness before Esth 2:9; Esth 2:17 ׳היטיב ח Ruth 3:10.
2. kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy Prov 20:28; Job 6:14 אישׁ חסד merciful man Prov 11:17 (opposed to אַכְזָרִי); ׳מַלְכֵּי ח merciful kings 1Kgs 20:31 ׳עשׂה ח Ps 109:16 in this sense usually with other attributes (see also below II.
2.); || אמת Hos 4:1; Isa 16:5 ואמת ׳ח Prov 3:3; Prov 14:22; Prov 16:6; Prov 20:28 ואמת ׳עשׂה ח Gen 24:49; Gen 47:29; Josh 2:14 (J; RV gives thse under 1); || צדקה Hos 10:12 ׳צדקה וח Prov 21:21 || משׁפט Mic 6:8 ומשׁפט ׳ח Hos 12:7 || חוֺנֵן Ps 109:12 ורחמים ׳ח Zech 7:9; Dan 1:9. — (On Hos 6:4; Hos 6:6 see 3 below)
3. (rarely) affection if Israel to ׳י love to God, piety: נְעוּרַיִךְ ׳ח Jer 2:2 priety of thy youth (|| love of thine espousals to Yahweh); possibly also חַסְדְּכֶם כַּעֲנַןבֹּֿקֶר Hos 6:4 your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and כִּי חֶסֶד חָפַצְתִּי וְלאֹזָֿ֑בַח Hos 6:6 for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (|| דעת אלהים, compare 1Sam 15:22); — so Wü Now Hi (1Sam 15:4) Che; Ke Hi (1Sam 15:6) al. below 2 (or 1); — נַנְשֵׁי חֶסֶד men of piety Isa 57:1 (|| צַדִּיק); plural pious acts 2Chr 32:32; 2Chr 35:26; Neh 13:14.
4. lovely appearance: כָּלחַֿסְדּוֺ כְּצִיץ הַשָֹּׁדֶה Isa 40:6 all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Thes Hi De Che Di and others; but δόξα ᵐ5 1Pet 1:24 & gloria ᵑ9 favour an original reading הוֺדוֺ Lo or כְּבֹדוֺ Ew, see BrMP 375; Du הֲדָרוֺ). II. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescendig to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness favour Jonah 2:9 חַסְדִּי Ps 144:2 אֱלֹהֵי חַסְדִּי God of my kindness Ps 59:18 in vPs 59:11 read אֱלֹהַי חַסְדּוֺ my God with his kindness ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Ew Hup De Pe Che Bae; his is the kindness Ps 62:13 it is with him Ps 130:7 he delights in it Mic 7:18.
1. specifically lovingkindness:
  a. in redemption from enemies and troubles Gen 19:19; Gen 39:21 (J), Exod 15:13 (song), Jer 31:3; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9; Ps 21:8; Ps 31:17; Ps 31:22; Ps 32:10; Ps 33:22; Ps 36:8; Ps 36:11; Ps 42:9; Ps 44:27; Ps 48:10; Ps 59:17; Ps 66:20; Ps 85:8; Ps 90:14; Ps 94:18; Ps 107:8; Ps 107:15; Ps 107:21; Ps 107:31; Ps 143:8; Ps 143:12; Job 37:13; Ruth 1:8; Ruth 2:20 men should trust in it Ps 13:6; Ps 52:10 rejoice in it Ps 31:8 hope in it Ps 33:18; Ps 147:11.
  b. in preservation of life from death Ps 6:5; Ps 86:13; Job 10:12.
  c. in quickening of spiritual life Ps 109:26; Ps 119:41; Ps 119:76; Ps 119:88; Ps 119:124; Ps 119:149; Ps 119:159.
  d. in redemption from sin Ps 25:7; Ps 51:3.
  e. in keeping the covenants, with Abraham Mic 7:20 with Moses and Israel שׁמר הַבְּרִית וְ(הַ)חֶסֶד keep-eth the covenant and the lovingkindness Deut 7:9; Deut 7:12; 1Kgs 8:23 = 2Chr 6:14; Neh 1:5; Neh 9:32; Dan 9:4 with David and his dynasty 2Sam 7:15 = 1Chr 17:13; 2Sam 22:51 = Ps 18:51, 1Kgs 3:6 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 1:8; Ps 89:29; Ps 89:34 with the wife Zion Isa 54:10.
2. חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity Gen 24:27 (J), Ps 25:10; Ps 41:11; Ps 40:12; Ps 57:4; Ps 61:8; Ps 85:11; Ps 89:15; Ps 115:1; Ps 138:2 ואמת עם ׳עשׂה ח 2Sam 2:6; 2Sam 15:20 (ᵐ5, see Dr); with אֶתֿ Gen 24:49 ואמת ׳רַב ח Exod 34:6 (JE), Ps 86:15 also || אמת Mic 7:20; Ps 26:3; Ps 117:2 || אֱמוּנָה Ps 88:12; Ps 89:3; Ps 92:3 ׳אמונה וח Ps 89:25 ואמונה ׳ח Ps 98:3 || רחמים Ps 77:9 ורחמים ׳ח Jer 16:5; Hos 2:21; Ps 103:4 ומשׁפט ׳ח Jer 9:23; Ps 101:1 || צדקה Ps 36:11 ׳טוב וח Ps 23:6.
3. the kindness of God is
  a. abundant: רַבחֶֿסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) Num 14:18 (J), Neh 9:17 (Qr), Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2; Ps 86:5; Ps 103:8 (compare Exod 34:6 J E; Ps 86:15); רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Neh 13:22; Ps 5:8; Ps 69:14; Ps 106:7 (ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Aq Targan, to be preferred to ᵑ0 חֲסָדֶיךָ); רֹב חֲסָדָו֯ Lam 3:32; Ps 106:45 (Kt ᵐ5 in both to be preferred).
  b. great in extent: ׳נֹּדֶל חִ greatness of thy mercy Num 14:19 (J); ׳נְּדָו֯וֺלחֿ Ps 145:8 it is kept for thousands Exod 34:7 (JE), Jer 32:18, especially of those connected with lovers of ׳י, Exod 20:6 = Deut 5:10 for 1000 generations Deut 7:9 it is great as the heavens Ps 57:11; Ps 103:11, compare Ps 36:6; Ps 108:5 the earth is full of it Ps 33:5; Ps 119:64.
  c. everlasting: לעולם חסדוֺ Jer 33:11; 1Chr 16:34; 1Chr 16:41; 2Chr 5:13; 2Chr 7:3; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 20:21; Ezra 3:11; Ps 100:5; Ps 106:1; Ps 107:1; Ps 118:1; Ps 118:2; Ps 118:3; Ps 118:4; Ps 118:29; Ps 136:1 (26 t.); חסדךָ לעולם Ps 138:8 מעולם ׳ח ועד עולם Ps 103:17 עולם ׳ח Isa 54:8 אל כּל ׳ח היום Ps 52:3.
  d. good: כִּיטֿוֺב חַסְדְּךָ Ps 69:17; Ps 109:21 כי טוב חסדךָ מחיים Ps 63:4.
4. plural mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob Gen 32:11 (R); but mostly late Isa 63:7; Ps 25:6; Ps 89:2 כְּרֹב חסִדיו Isa 63:7, see 3 a; promised in the Davidic covenant Psalm Isa 89:50 חַסְדֵי דָוִיד mercies to David Isa 55:3; 2Chr 6:42 mercies in general Lam 3:22; Ps 17:7; Ps 107:43f. — חֶסֶד in proper name, masculine ׳בןחֿ see below בֵּן. On Lev 20:17; Prov 14:34 see חֶסֶד below II. חסד.

BDB2970 H2617

BDB2969 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2971

II. חֶ֫סֶד noun masculine shame, reproach, only absolute: — הוּא ׳ח Lev 20:17 (H) it is a shame (shameful thing); לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת ׳ח Prov 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.

Strong's Definition H2617
mercy, kindness, lovingkindness, mercies, goodness, …
ḥēsēd
kindness; by implication (towards God) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
  • goodness, kindness, faithfulness
    • "a reproach, shame
Variations 54 forms of this word
Translations 104 English renderings
Mercy
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Word Parts
הָ רִאשֹׁנִ֥ים
הָ
Prefix — article the
רִאשֹׁנִ֥ים
Root word first, former, things, beginning, chief, …
Dictionary form: רִאשׁוֹן · rih-SHONE
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Td/Aampa
Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"
הָ Speech Particle Type Definite Article
רִאשֹׁנִים Speech Adjective Type Adjective Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: are thy former
the first ×23 first ×21 in the first ×20 at the first ×10 of the first ×10 the former ×9 day of the first ×7 the former things ×5
More options
first — Most common; ordinal sequence or rank.
former — Prefer for contrast with what comes later.
earlier — Temporal sense; less formal than 'former'.
foremost — Emphasizes priority or supreme importance.
original — Highlights the initial or foundational instance.
ancient — Use when referring to distant past or ancestors.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7681 H7223

BDB7680 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7682

רִאשׁוֺן182 adjective former, first, chief (i heightened from original a, see √); — absolute ׳ר Hos 2:19 +, שֹׁן- - Exod 12:15 +, רִישׁוֺן Job 8:8, construct רִאשׁוֺן Job 15:7 Qr (Kt ראישון and so always Manuscript Sam. Pentateuch, see Köii. 1, 225 n); feminine רִאשֹׁנָה Judg 20:37 + (Josh 21:10 Kt ראישנה see above); masculine plural רִאשֹׁנִים Exod 34:1 +, feminine plural רִאשֹׁנוֺת Isa 41:22 +, etc.; —

1. former:
  a. in time, former of two Gen 25:25 (J), Gen 41:20 (E), Deut 10:1; Deut 10:2; Deut 10:3; Deut 10:4; Deut 10:10; Deut 24:4, compare Hos 2:9; Lev 4:21; Lev 9:15 (both P), Judg 20:39; 2Kgs 1:14; Hag 2:3; Hag 2:9; Ezra 3:12 +; more generally former, previous, Num 21:26 (JE), Mic 4:8; 2Kgs 17:34; 2Kgs 17:40; Zech 1:4; Zech 7:7; Zech 7:12; Zech 8:11; Neh 5:15 Eccl 17:10; Ps 79:8 +; ׳כָּעֵת הָ ר Isa 8:23 ׳דִּבְרֵי דויד הָ ר 1Chr 29:29 the doings of David, the former and the latter (הָאַחֲדֹנִים), compare 2Chr 9:29; 2Chr 12:15; 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34; 2Chr 25:26; 2Chr 26:22; 2Chr 28:26; 2Chr 35:27 early days of harvest 2Sam 21:9 רִאשֹׁנִים as substantive, former persons, ancestors, men of old, Deut 19:14; Lev 26:45 (H), Eccl 1:11 (opposed to אַחֲרֹנִים); (תָ)רִאשֹׁנוֺת as substantive the former things, i.e. past events Isa 41:22; Isa 43:9; Isa 43:18; Isa 46:9; Isa 48:3, earlier predictions Isa 42:9.
  b. location, foremost, of two 2Sam 18:27. 2 first:
  a. in time, ׳הַמַּכָּה הָ ר 1Sam 14:14 the first slaughter (preliminary to general carnage); ׳וְלֹאהָֿיָה דְּבָרִי ר 2Sam 19:44 was not my word first? ׳ר in apposition with person subject 2Sam 19:21 I am come as first, compare perhaps Isa 41:27 (insert אָמַרְתִּי Ges De < read הִגַּדְתִּים for הִנֵּה הִנָּם CheHpt Kit Di), and ׳הָ ר Jer 50:17 (opposed to הָאַחֲרוֺן), Isa 43:27 ׳ר absolute, first of mankind Job 15:17 absolute of ׳י, I (an the) first Isa 41:4 (+אֶתֿ אַחֲדֹנִים), + אַחְרוֺן Isa 44:6; Isa 48:12 absolute of time, מֵרִאשׁוֺן Jer 17:12 from the beginning; especially first of a def. series (sometimes opposed to אַחֲרוֺן). first day of feast Deut 16:4; Exod 12:15 (twice in verse); Exod 12:16 + 5 t. P (H), Neh 8:18, usually first month (חֹרֶשׁ) Exod 40:2; Exod 40:17; Lev 23:5 + 6 t. P, 1Chr 12:16 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:15) + 10 t. Chronicles, Ezra, Esth 3:7; Dan 10:4, חֹדֶשׁ omitted Gen 8:13; Exod 12:2; Exod 12:18; Num 9:5 (all P) Ezek 29:17; Ezek 30:20; Ezek 45:18; Ezek 45:21, so Joel 2:23, but read כָּרִאשׁוֺנָה (3 a) ᵐ5 ᵑ6 We Now and Dr.
  b. first in degree, chief: יַד הַשָּׂרִיםרִ֗֗֗אשׁוֺנָה Ezra 9:2 the hand of the princes ... has been first in this trespass; 1Chr 18:17; Dan 10:13 (Chronicles, Esth 1:14 below).
3. a. feminine with preposition as adverb phrase: (1) of time, בָּרִאשֹׁנָה Gen 13:4 (J), = before, formerly, so Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6 (JE), 2Sam 7:10; 2Sam 20:18; Jer 7:12; Isa 52:4, ׳לָר = before, formerly, Gen 28:19 (J), Judg 18:29 so ׳כְּבָר as formerly Judg 20:32; 1Kgs 13:6; Isa 1:26; Jer 33:7; Jer 33:11, = ׳כָּ ר Deut 9:15; Dan 11:29 (opposed to כָּאַחֲרוֺנָה); בָּר = at first, first of all, Deut 13:10; Deut 17:7; (P) Josh 8:33 (D), 1Kgs 17:13; 1Kgs 20:9; Zech 12:7; Prov 20:21 (opposed to אַחֲרִיתָהּ), 1Chr 11:6 (twice in verse); 1Chr 17:9; Neh 7:5 לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה 1Chr 15:13 (= ׳לְמַהבָּֿר) for what was at first, etc. (מָךְ 1 e); (2) location, ׳בָּר i.e. at the head of an army 1Kgs 20:17, a procession Num 10:14 (P), compare Isa 60:9.
  b. רִאשֹׁנָה alone as adverb: (1) of time first Gen 38:28 (J), 1Kgs 18:25; Jer 16:18; Lev 5:8; Num 2:9; Josh 21:10 (all P), Isa 65:7 (Ew De Che Di Du Skinner, >adjective Ges Hi Kn); (2) of place Gen 33:2 (J); (3) of degree, rank, Esth 1:14.

Strong's Definition H7223
first, former, things, beginning, chief, …
riʾšôn
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
  • (adj) first, primary, former
    • former (of time)
      • ancestors
        • "former things
      foremost (of location)"first (in time)"first, chief (in degree)
    (adv) first, before, formerly, at first
Variations 53 forms of this word
Translations 69 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
אֲדֹנָ ֑י
אֲדֹנָ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Lord")
֑י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: אֲדֹנָי · uh-doh-NAI
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmpc/Sp1cs
Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word
אֲדֹנָ Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Construct
י Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person First Person Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: lord
the lord ×290 o lord ×34 lord ×24 of the lord ×22 hath the lord ×6 thee o lord ×6 am the lord ×5 my lord ×5
More options
Lord — Standard divine title; capitalized to mark deity.
Sovereign Lord — Emphasizes God's supreme authority and rule.
Master — Highlights ownership/authority; use in human address contexts.
My Lord — Retains personal possessive; ideal for direct address.
O Lord — Vocative register; suits prayers and laments.
God — Use only where context clearly equates Adonai with deity.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB125 H113 H136

BDB124 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB126

אָדוֺן noun masculineMal 3:1 lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א Ps 12:5 + construct אֲדוֺן Josh 3:11 +; plural אֲדֹנִים Isa 26:13 +; construct אֲדֹנֵי Deut 10:17 +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1Sam 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few except an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other person; so doubtless here. Orig. reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see DalmDer Gottesname Adonaj; LagBN 188 makes אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E Gen 31:35; Gen 32:19; Gen 42:10; Exod 21:5 in P Gen 23:6; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:15; Num 36:2 (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, 1Chr 21:3 (3 t. in verse); 1Chr 21:23 (= 2Sam 24:3; 2Sam 24:22) 2Chr 2:13; 2Chr 2:14 Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts Isa 36:8; Isa 36:9; Isa 36:12; Jer 37:20; Jer 38:9 elsewhere Dan 1:10; Dan 10:16; Dan 10:17; Dan 10:19; Dan 12:8; Zech 1:9; Zech 4:4; Zech 4:5; Zech 4:13; Zech 6:4; Ps 110:1; Judg 4:18; Judg 6:13; Ruth 2:13 בִּי אֲדנָי Exod 4:10; Exod 4:13; Josh 7:8 (J) Judg 6:15; Judg 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִי Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18; Num 12:11 (J) 1Sam 1:26; 1Sam 25:24; 1Kgs 3:17; 1Kgs 3:26 reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Gen 18:3; Gen 19:18 אֲדֹ֯נַי Gen 19:2) —

1. singular lord, master (1) reference to men:
   (a) superintendent of household, or of affairs Gen 45:8; Gen 45:9 (E) = Ps 105:21
   (b) master Ps 12:5
   (c) king Jer 22:18; Jer 34:5 (2) reference to God, הָאָדוֺן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Exod 23:17; Exod 34:23 (Cov't codes); אֲרוֺן כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Josh 3:11; Josh 3:13 (J) Ps 97:5; Zech 4:14; Zech 6:5; Mic 4:13 צֻבָאוֺת ׳י ׳הָא, earlier Isa 1:24; Isa 3:1; Isa 10:33; Isa 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Isa 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error); ׳הָא Mal 3:1 אָדוֺן Ps 114:7.
2. plural lords, kings Deut 10:17 = Ps 136:3; Isa 26:13 elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master, (1) reference to men:
   (a) proprietor of hill Samaria 1Kgs 16:24
   (b) master Gen 40:7 (E) Exod 21:4 (twice in verse); Exod 21:6; Exod 21:8; Exod 21:32 (Cov't code) Gen 24:9 + (J, 11 t.) Deut 23:16; Judg 19:11; Judg 19:12 + 13 t. Samuel & Kings; Job 3:19; Ps 123:2; Prov 25:13; Prov 27:18; Prov 30:10; Isa 24:2; Amos 4:1; Zeph 1:9; Mal 1:6 (twice in verse);
   (c) husband Judg 19:26; Judg 19:27; Ps 45:12
   (d) prophet 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; 2Kgs 2:16
   (e) governor Neh 3:5
   (f) prince Gen 42:10; Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33 (E) Gen 44:8 (J) 1Sam 29:10
   (g) king Gen 40:1 (E) Judg 3:25 + 40 t. Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources 1Chr 12:19 compare 1Sam 29:4; 2Chr 13:6; 2Chr 18:16 = 1Kgs 22:17; Isa 19:4; Isa 22:18; Isa 36:12; Isa 37:4; Isa 37:6; Jer 27:4 (2) reference to God Mal 1:6 אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Deut 10:17 = Ps 136:3 אֲדֹנֵינוּ Ps 135:5; Ps 147:5; Neh 8:10 אֲדֹנֵינוּ ׳י Ps 8:2; Ps 8:10; Neh 10:30 ׳אֲדֹנַיִח י Isa 51:22 (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Hos 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).
3. suffix 1 singular (אֲדֹנַי) אֲדֹנִי (1) reference to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Exod 21:5 (Cov't code) Gen 24:12 +, Gen 44:5 (J, 20 t.) 1Sam 30:13; 1Sam 30:15; 2Kgs 5:3; 2Kgs 5:20; 2Kgs 5:22; 2Kgs 6:15
   (b) husband Gen 18:12 (J);
   (c) prophet 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:13; 2Kgs 2:19; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 4:28; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 8:5
   (d) prince Gen 42:10 (E), Gen 23:6; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:15 (P), Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18 +, Gen 47:18, + (J, 12 t.); Judg 4:18
   (e) king 1Sam 22:12 + (Samuel & Kings 75 t.);
   (f) father Gen 31:35 (E);
   (g) Moses Exod 32:22; Num 11:28; Num 12:11; Num 32:26; Num 32:27 (J); Num 36:2 (twice in verse) (P);
   (h) priest 1Sam 1:15; 1Sam 1:26 (twice in verse);
   (i) theophanic angel Josh 5:14; Judg 6:13
   (j) captain 2Sam 11:11
   (k) general recognition of superiority Gen 24:18; Gen 32:5 + Gen 33:8 +; Gen 44:7 + (J, 13 t.), Ruth 2:13; 1Sam 25:24 + (15 t.); (2) reference to God: אֲדֹנָי
  a. my Lord Gen 20:4 (? E) Exod 15:17 (Samaritan יהוה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; Gen 18:3(?); Gen 18:27; Gen 18:30; Gen 18:31; Gen 18:32; Gen 19:2; Gen 19:18(?) Exod 4:10; Exod 4:13; Exod 5:22; Exod 34:9; Num 14:17; Josh 7:8 also Judg 6:15; Judg 13:8 not Samuel; 1Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 19:23 not Chron. except memorials Ezra 10:3 (reference to Ezra) Neh 1:11; Neh 4:8 Wisdom Literature only Job 28:28 (doubtless scribal error for יהוֺה of many MSS.); not Hosea; Isa 37:24; Isa 38:14; Isa 38:16 (historical part); exile Isa 49:14 (compare Isa 51:22); Mic 1:2; Ps 16:2 + (47 t., chiefly this sense, except below
  b.; compare אֱלֹהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God Ps 35:23 (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי);
  b. Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Isa 3:17 + (19 t. seeming to belong here), Amos 7:7; Amos 7:8; Amos 9:1; Ezek 18:25; Ezek 18:29; Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Ezek 21:14 (probably ׳אֲדֹנָי י as in usual phrase); Zech 9:4; Mal 1:12; Mal 1:14; Lam 1:14 + (14 t.) Ps 2:4; Ps 37:13; Ps 78:65; Ps 90:17 (? יהוה) Ps 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these below
   (a); — many cases are doubtful); 1Kgs 3:10; 1Kgs 3:15 (Masoretic אדני for יהוה compare Dalm 2Kgs 7:6 Dalm rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי Ps 38:16; Ps 86:12, Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים Dan 9:3, אֱלֹהֵינוּ ׳א Dan 9:9; Dan 9:15, הָאֵל ׳א Dan 9:4 favour taking ׳א Dan 1:2; Dan 9:7; Dan 9:8 (יהוה ?) vDan 9:16 vDan 9:17 vDan 9:19 vDan 9:19 vDan 9:19 as the divine name.
4. אֲדֹנָי יהוה
   (a) my Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Gen 15:2; Gen 15:8 (JE) Josh 7:7 (J, ᵐ5 omit ׳י) Deut 3:24; Deut 9:26; Judg 6:22; Judg 16:28; 2Sam 7:1 (6 t.) 1Kgs 2:26; 1Kgs 8:53 probably Amos 3:7; Amos 3:8; Amos 7:2; Amos 7:4; Amos 7:5; Amos 9:8; Jer 1:6; Jer 4:10; Jer 14:13; Jer 32:17; Jer 32:25; Ezek 4:14; Ezek 8:1; Ezek 9:6; Ezek 11:13; Ezek 20:49; Ezek 37:3 (׳יָדַע כִּי אֲני א ׳י) Ezek 13:9; Ezek 23:49; Ezek 24:24; Ezek 28:24; Ezek 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read אֱלֹהֵיכֶם ׳י (Dalm); Mic 1:2; Zeph 1:7; Obad 1:1; Zech 9:14; Ps 71:5; Ps 71:16; Ps 73:28
   (b) apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh Isa 25:8; Jer 44:26 exile Isa 40:10 + (10 t., but Isa 61:1; Isa 61:11 read יהוה, ᵐ5);
   (c) uncertain whether
   (a) or
   (b) in prophetic formula אָמַר ׳י ׳א Isa 7:7; Isa 28:16; Isa 30:15; Isa 49:22; Isa 51:4; Isa 65:13; Jer 7:20; Amos 1:8; Amos 3:11; Amos 5:3; Amos 7:6; Obad 1:1 Ezekiel (131 t.); ׳י ׳נְאֻם א Isa 56:8; Jer 2:22; Amos 3:13; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Amos 8:11 Ezekiel (80 t.); ׳י ׳דְּבַראֿ Ezek 6:3; Ezek 25:3; Ezek 36:4 ׳י ׳נִשְׁבַּע א Amos 4:2; Amos 6:8 ׳י ׳כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א Amos 7:1; Amos 7:4; Amos 8:1.
5. יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord Ps 68:21; Ps 109:21; Ps 140:8; Ps 141:8; Hab 3:9.
6. אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת
   (a) my Lord Yahweh ‚. (see צבאות) Ps 69:7; Amos 9:5; Isa 10:23; Isa 22:5; Isa 22:12; Isa 28:22 compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֺת א ׳י, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Amos 5:16
   (b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh ‚. Jer 46:10 (twice in verse); Jer 50:25
   (c) uncertain are ׳צ ׳י ׳כֹּה אָמַר א Isa 10:24; Isa 22:14; Isa 22:15 ׳נְאֻם א ׳צ ׳י Isa 3:15; Jer 2:19; Jer 49:5; Jer 50:31.

Strong's Definition H136
lord, lords, god
ʾădōnāy
the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
  • my lord, lord
    • of men
      • "of God
    Lord—title, spoken in place of Jehovah in Jewish display of reverence
Variations 11 forms of this word
Translations 45 English renderings
Lord
Search every verse
Word Parts
נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ
נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ
Root word sware, swear, sworn, sweareth, oath, …
Dictionary form: שָׁבַע · shaw-BA
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar VNp2ms
Verb — Niphal, Perfect (Qatal), second person masculine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "you"
נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ Speech Verb Stem Niphal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: which thou swarest
sware ×24 i sware ×14 he sware ×13 swear ×11 hath sworn ×10 i have sworn ×7 and sware ×5 he hath sworn ×5
More options
swear — Most direct modern equivalent; use for active vows.
take an oath — Formal register; highlights the ritual or legal act.
vow — Emphasizes the content of commitment over the act.
pledge — Neutral, contemporary; suits covenantal or treaty contexts.
adjure — Retains solemn/legal force; use when commanding another to swear.
charge solemnly — Best when the speaker binds a third party by oath.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8431 H7650

BDB8430 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8432

[שָׁבַע]186 verb swear (probably, so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, compare Thes (as alternative), Gerb108ff; Late Hebrew Niph`al= Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 שְׁבַע Ithpe`el, Aph`el; see also DrGen 21:28 KöHast. DB NUMBER, 565 RSSemitic i. 166, 2nd ed., 182 WeReste Arabic Heid. 2, 186); —

Qal (according to Thes Rob Ges) Passive participle שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֺת Ezek 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co omitted; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm ׳שָׁ ׳שׁ weeks on weeks (plenty of time). Niph`al Perfect, 3 masculine singularנִשְׁבַּע Gen 24:7, + etc.;Imperfect 3 masculine singularיִשָּׁבַע Lev 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Gen 24:9 +; 2 masculine singular תִּשֶּׁבֵ֑עַ Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20 1 singular אִשָּׁב֑עַ Gen 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1Kgs 2:8; Ezek 16:8, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַשָּֽׁבְעָה Gen 21:23 +, etc.; Infinitive abs הִשָּׁבֵע Num 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jer 7:9 construct הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jer 12:16 (twice in verse) + 1Sam 20:17 see infra; Participle נִשְׁבָּע Zech 5:3 +, etc.; — swear, take an oath:
1. subj man : a. in asseveration, absolute Gen 21:24; Gen 21:31 (E), Judg 21:1; Judg 21:18; 2Sam 21:2 +; also followed byוַיּאֹמֶר 1Sam 20:3; 1Kgs 1:29, followed by לֵאמֹר 2Sam 3:35; Josh 14:9 (D); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Num 30:3 (P; || נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Jer 5:2; Jer 7:9; Lev 5:24 (P; + עַל of thing), Mal 3:5 + ׳עלשֿׁ Lev 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה Ps 24:4 followed by infinitive Lev 5:4 (P), Ps 15:4; Ps 119:106 + ל person take an oath to, Josh 6:22 (JE), Josh 9:20 (P; accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Gen 24:9 (+ עַלהַֿדָּבָר הַזֶּה +, so also 1Sam 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶלֿ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶתֿ, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Th We Dr and others); oath allegiance (׳לי ) Isa 19:18; Isa 45:23; Zeph 1:5; 2Chr 5:14, compare(absolute) v2Chr 5:15 (Josh 23:7 see Hiph`il); also sq וַיּאֹמֶר 2Kgs 25:24, followed by לֵאמֹר 2Sam 21:17; 1Kgs 1:13; Jer 40:9 followed byפֶּן = that not Judg 15:12, followed by אִם = id. 1Kgs 1:51 + אֶל person followed by לֵאמֹר Jer 38:16 + ׳בי by ׳י, followed by infinitive Judg 21:7 + ׳בְּשֵׁם י 1Sam 20:42; Isa 48:1, compare Gen 31:53 (E), Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20; Jer 12:16 (+ ׳חַייֿ), Isa 65:16; Zech 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קֶר), Lev 19:12 (id.), Ps 63:12; Dan 12:7 ׳בי followed by אִם 2Sam 19:8 + ל person with ׳בי Josh 9:18; Josh 9:19 (P; pledge faith), followed byלֵאמֹר 1Sam 28:10; 1Kgs 11:30; 1Kgs 2:8; 1Kgs 2:23, followed by כִּי of object clause Josh 2:12 (JE), 1Kgs 1:17 + ל person with ׳בא, followed by אִם Gen 21:23 (E), 1Sam 30:15 as verb of quotation + object ׳חַייֿ Hos 4:15; Jer 4:2; 1Sam 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in oratio recta [direct speech] Ps 132:2 (|| נָדַר); also כְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Jer 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Jer 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zeph 1:3, compare Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).
  b. imprecate, curse, בִּי by me Psalms; Ps 102:9 (compare שְׁבוּעָה
1.b קְלָלָה).
2. subject ׳י: swear, with בִּי by myself Gen 22:16 (JE), Jer 22:5 (clause כִּי), Jer 49:13 (id.), Isa 45:23 (id.), with בְּקָדְשׁוֺ Amos 4:2 (id.), compare Ps 89:36 (|| אִם אֲכַזֵּב), compare also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:17; Jer 44:26; Jer 51:14; Isa 62:8 swear, followed by infinitive Deut 1:35; Deut 4:21; Josh 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; vJosh 21:43 Gi), followed by מִן infinitive= not to Isa 54:9 (twice in verse) followed by אִם Ps 90:10, followed by לֵאמֹר Deut 1:34; Isa 14:24; Num 32:10(P); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Ps 110:4 with ל person take an oath to, Gen 24:7(J), Exod 13:11 (J), Deut 2:14 + 7 t. Deuteronomy (accusative of congnate meaning with verbDeut 7:8; Deut 9:5), Ezek 16:8 (|| בּוֺא בִבְרִית, Ps 89:4 (|| כָּרַת בְּרִית), vPs 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל person + infinitive (usually to give land Exod 13:5 (J), Deut 1:8 + 9 t. Deuteronomy; Josh 1:6; Josh 5:6 (twice in verse) (all RD), Jer 11:5 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Jer 32:22 ל person + accusative of thing (usually land) = promise by oath to Gen 50:24; Exod 33:1; Num 11:12 (all J), Num 14:16; Num 14:23 (JE), Num 32:11 (P), Judg 2:1; Mic 7:20; Deut 6:18+ 8 t. Deuteronomy (object covenant Deut 4:31; Deut 8:18); ל person omitted Deut 31:21. Hiph`il Perf. 3 masculine singular הִשְׁבִּיעַ Exod 13:19 +, 1 singular הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Song 2:7 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּשְׁבַּע Gen 50:25 +, suffix וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Gen 24:37, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁבֵּעַ Exod 13:19; 1Sam 14:28 construct הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1Sam 14:27 (1Sam 20:17 see Niph`al); Participle suffix מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15 —
1. cause to take an oath, subject always man: with accusative of person Gen 50:6 (J), + 1Sam 14:27; 1Kgs 18:10; 2Kgs 11:4, + accusative of cognate meaning Josh 2:17; Josh 2:20 (J), לֵאמֹר Gen 24:37; Gen 50:5 (both J), vGen 50:25 (E), Josh 6:26 (J; accusative of person omitted), so (Infinitive absolute + Perfect) Exod 13:19 (JE), 1Sam 14:28, + וְאָמַר Num 5:19 and (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb) vNum 5:21 (both P), + infinitive clause Neh 5:12; Ezra 10:5 + ׳בי by ׳י Gen 24:3 (J; clause אֲשֶׁר), 1Kgs 2:42 (|| וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר, compare Josh 23:7 (RD; but read perhaps Niph`al תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr and others; ᵐ5 strike out), Neh 13:25 (clause אִם, oratio recta), 2Chr 36:13.
2. adjure, with accusative of person 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15 (both + clause אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Canticles: Song 5:9, with clause מַהֿ interrogative vSong 5:8, with clause אִם that not Song 2:7; Song 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = clause מַהֿ Song 8:4 (see מָה 2 a (b)). — 1Sam 20:17 see Niph`al

Strong's Definition H7650
sware, swear, sworn, sweareth, oath, …
šābaʿ
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
  • to swear, adjure
    • (Qal) sworn (participle)
      • "(Niphal)
      • to swear, take an oath
        • "to swear (of Jehovah by Himself)"to curse
      (Hiphil)
      • to cause to take an oath
        • "to adjure
Variations 61 forms of this word
Translations 78 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
לְ ֝דָוִ֗ד
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
֝דָוִ֗ד
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Unto david")
Dictionary form: דָּוִד · daw-WID
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Np
Noun — Proper Name
לְ Speech Preposition
דָוִד Speech Noun Type Proper Name
In English
In the KJV here: unto david
david ×341 of david ×222 and david ×220 davids ×36 so david ×26 a psalm of david ×22 then david ×21 unto david ×16
More options
David — Standard modern English spelling; use in all contexts.
David's — Possessive form; for genitive or ownership contexts.
King David — Use when royal identity or authority is emphasized.
David the king — More formal; highlights his royal office explicitly.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1866 H1732

BDB1865 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1867

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד1066 proper name, masculine David, son of יִשַׂי, king of Israel, whose dynasty remained on the throne of Jerusalem till the Babylonian exile (compare 2Sam 7:11-15 etc.) (beloved one ? compare BaNB 189; according to SayceModern Rev. 1884, 158 ff.; Rel. Babylonian 53, 56 f. originally Dodo, title of sun-god worshipped in Israel compare דודה name of divinity among east Jordan Israelites MI12) — דָּוִד always Ruth, Samuel, Kings (except 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36) Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Isaiah, Jeremiah; also 1Chr 13:6; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25 (c. 790 t.); דָּוִיד always Zechariah, Chronicles (except 1Chr 13:6), Ezra, Nehemiah; also Amos 6:5 (where gloss according to PetersHebraica. Apr. 1886, p. 175) Amos 9:11; Hos 3:5; Ezek 34:23; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36; Song 4:4 (c. 276 t.); — first named 1Sam 16:13 compare also Ruth 4:17; Ruth 4:22; 2Sam 1:1 +, 1Kgs 1:1 +, 1Kgs 2:1 +, etc. (see above); in titles of Psalm 3-9, 11-32, 34-41, 51-65, 68-70, 86, 101, 103, 108-110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138-145 (73 in all); also in Ps 18:51 (= 2Sam 22:51); 2Sam 72:20; 2Sam 89:36; 2Sam 89:50; 2Sam 122:5; 2Sam 132:17 עַבְדִּי ׳ד (׳י speaks) 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 7:5; 2Sam 7:8 = 1Chr 17:4; 1Chr 17:7 compare v1Chr 17:26 = 1Chr 17:24, also 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 8:26; 1Kgs 8:66 = 2Chr 6:15; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 6:17; 2Chr 11:32; 2Chr 11:34; 2Chr 11:36; 2Chr 11:38; 2Chr 14:8; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 = Isa 37:35; 2Kgs 20:6 compare further Ps 18:1; Ps 36:1 (both titles compare above) Ps 78:70; Ps 89:4; Ps 89:21; Ps 132:10; Ps 144:10; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:22; Jer 33:26 so also as represented in coming (Messianic) ruler Ezek 34:23; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25, compare Hos 3:5; Jer 30:9 (see עֶבֶד). Phrases are:
  a. ׳עִיר ד (according to SayceMod.Rev.l.c. originally city of god Dod [o]) = stronghold or citadel of Zion, 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9 = 1Chr 11:5; 1Chr 11:7; 2Sam 6:10; 2Sam 6:12; 2Sam 6:16 = 1Chr 13:13; 1Chr 15:1; 1Chr 15:29, compare Isa 22:9 especially of burial of kings 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 8:1 = 2Chr 5:2; 1Kgs 9:24 = 2Chr 8:11; 1Kgs 11:27 v1Kgs 11:43 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 16:14; 1Kgs 22:50 = 2Chr 21:1; 2Kgs 8:24 = 2Chr 21:20; 2Kgs 9:28; 2Kgs 12:22 = 2Chr 24:25; 2Kgs 14:20; 2Kgs 15:7, v2Kgs 15:38 = 2Chr 27:9; 2Kgs 16:20 burial of Jehoiada 2Chr 24:16 further 2Chr 32:5; 2Chr 32:30; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 12:37 compare also ׳קִרְיַת חָנָה ד Isa 29:1.
  b. ׳בֵּית ד 2Sam 3:1; 2Sam 3:6 + (compare בַּיִת 5 c.
  c. ׳אֹהֶל ד Isa 16:5 (compare אֹהֶל 2).
  d. ׳סֻכַּת ד Amos 9:11 (compare סֻכָּה below סכך).
  e. ׳כִּסֵּא ד 2Sam 3:10 compare 1Kgs 1:37; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 2:24; 1Kgs 2:45; Isa 9:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 22:2; Jer 22:30; Jer 29:16; Jer 36:30 compare Jer 13:13; Jer 22:4, (compare also כִּסֵּא). feminine ׳קִבְרֵי ד Neh 3:16 compare 2Chr 32:33 ׳קִבְרֵי בְנֵידֿ (compare קֶבֶר).
  g. ׳מִגְדַּל ד Song 4:4.
  h. אישׁ האלהים ׳כְּלֵישִֿׁיר ד Neh 12:36.
  i. ׳אֱלֹהֵי ד 2Kgs 20:5 + (compare אֱלֹהִים 4 b).
  j. ׳חַסְדֵי ד 2Chr 6:42; Isa 55:3 (compare 2Sam 7:15; 1Kgs 3:6; Ps 89:50; 2Chr 1:8 etc.). — (On text note the following: — דָּוִד 1Sam 30:20a strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ7 We Dr; 2Sam 3:5 read probably name of a former husband of Eglah We Dr; 2Sam 13:39 read רוּחַ Wep.223 Dr; 2Sam 19:44 read בְּכוֺר (for בדוד) ᵐ5 The We Dr; insert דָּוִד 2Sam 9:11; 2Sam 15:32 & 2Sam 24:15 ᵐ5 We Dr; in 1Chr 18:12; Ps 60:1 אבשׁי & יואב are less original than דָּוִד 2Sam 8:13 We Dr).

Strong's Definition H1732
david, davids
dāwid
beloved
David, the youngest son of Jesse
  • youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel
Variations 25 forms of this word
Translations 84 English renderings
David King of Israel
Search every verse
Word Parts
בֶּ אֱמוּנָתֶֽ ךָ
בֶּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
אֱמוּנָתֶֽ
Root word faithfulness, truth, office, faithfully, faithful, …
ךָ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: אֱמוּנָה · eh-moo-NAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word
בֶּ Speech Preposition
אֱמוּנָתֶֽ Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Construct
ךָ Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: in thy truth
thy faithfulness ×5 faithfully ×4 in their set office ×3 and his truth ×2 and thy faithfulness ×2 of truth ×2 truth ×2 a faithful ×1
More options
faithfulness — Best default; captures loyal, ongoing reliability.
trustworthiness — Emphasizes being dependably reliable; good for character contexts.
integrity — Highlights moral uprightness; suits ethical or legal contexts.
steadfastness — Stresses unwavering constancy over time.
reliability — Neutral, practical tone; works well for institutional or office contexts.
fidelity — Formal register; good for covenant or loyalty-focused passages.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB532 H530

BDB531 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB533

אֱמוּנָה noun feminine firmness, steadfastness, fidelity Exod 17:12 + 46 t.; אֱמוּנוֺת Prov 28:20.

1. literally firmness, steadiness: Exod 17:12 ׳וַיְהִי יָדָיו א his hands were steadiness (i.e. steady). 2. stead-fastness, אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ steadfastness of thy times Isa 33:6. 3. faithfulness, trust:
  a. of human conduct Ps 37:3; Prov 12:22; Jer 5:3; Jer 7:28; Jer 9:2; 2Kgs 12:16 in office 2Kgs 22:7; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 31:12; 2Kgs 34:12 (על) בֶּאֱמוּנָה in trust (over) 1Chr 9:22; 1Chr 9:26; 1Chr 9:31; 2Chr 31:15; 2Chr 31:18 ׳דֶּרֶח א Ps 119:30 אִישׁ אֱמוּנוֺת man of great faithfulness Prov 28:20 associated with צֶדֶק in human character יַגִּיד צֶדֶק ׳יָפִיחַ א who breatheth out faithfulness sheweth forth righteousness Prov 12:17 compare1 Sam Prov 26:23; Isa 59:4; Jer 5:1 צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֺ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness liveth Hab 2:4 (> faith Luth AV RV). b. as a divine attribute Ps 88:12; Ps 89:2; Ps 89:3; Ps 89:6; Ps 89:9; Isa 25:1; Hos 2:22; Lam 3:21 אֵל אֱמוּנָה Deut 32:4 his faithfulness is shewn in his works Ps 33:4 commands Ps 119:86 in affliction Ps 119:75 in his oath to David Ps 89:50. it reacheth unto the skies Ps 36:6 unto all generations Ps 100:5; Ps 119:90 he will not belie it Ps 89:34. It is אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן Isa 25:1 compare אֱמוּנָה מְאֹד Ps 119:138. It is closely associated with the divine חֶסֶד mercy Ps 89:25; Ps 92:3; Ps 98:3; Hos 2:22 with the divine צדֶק, צְדָקָה Ps 96:13; Ps 143:1; Isa 11:5 & salvation Ps 40:11.

Strong's Definition H530
faithfulness, truth, office, faithfully, faithful, …
ʾĕmûnâ
literally firmness; figuratively security; morally fidelity
  • firmness, fidelity, steadfastness, steadiness
Variations 30 forms of this word
Translations 36 English renderings
Psalms 89:48
Read Psalms 89
Psalms 89:50