Zechariah 3:10

בַּ יּ֣וֹם

בַּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

יּ֣וֹם

Root word day, days, time, daily, ever, …

Dictionary form: יוֹם · yome

בַּ

Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: day

day ×665 days ×303 the days ×109 in the day ×104 the day ×93 this day ×84 to day ×39 in the days ×38

More options

day — Default rendering; fits most singular, literal contexts.

days — Use for plural forms or extended periods.

time — Prefer when yom signals an era or occasion, not a calendar day.

today — Modernizes KJV 'to day / this day' in direct speech.

season — Use when the context implies a set or appointed period.

lifetime — Suits biographical or lifespan contexts; replaces 'all the days of his life'.

BDB3494 H3117

יוֺם₂₂₈₅ noun masculine^{Gen 1:5} day (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יומָא, ; Phoenician ים; MI⁵ ימן, suffix ימי Gen 1:6; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:33, plural construct ימי Gen 1:8, suffix 3 masculine singular ימה; SI³ ים; Zinjirli יום DHM^{Sendsch Gloss}; Plam. יום Vog^{No. 123a, Oxon. iii}.; Arabic ; Ethiopic Sabean יום, ים Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 29,} יומה DHM^{ZMG 1883, 328} SabDenkm⁶¹; Assyrian ummu, ûmu COT^Gloss; derivation unknown; on √ and relation of יום to Phoenician ימם, Aramaic ימם, , see Nö^{ZMG 1886, 721} Ba^{ZMG 1887, 632 f.}) — יוֺם absolute Gen 1:5 +; construct Gen 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jer 50:31 יוֺמוֺ Exod 5:13 + 22 t.; יוֺמָם Jer 50:27; Ezek 21:34 dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exod 21:21 יוֺמָ֑יִם Exod 16:29; Num 11:19 יֹמַ֫יִם Num 9:22 יֹמָ֑יִם Hos 6:2 ; plural יָמִים Gen 4:3 +; יָמִם; Num 6:5 יָמִין (Aramaic form; Ges^{«GKC:87»§ 87}, 1 a) Dan 12:13 מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה Exod 13:10 + 4 t.; construct יְמֵי Gen 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deut 32:7; Ps 90:15 ; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + 9 t.; יָמָ֑י Gen 29:21+ 8 t.; יָמֵינוּ Jer 35:8 + 7 t., etc.; —

1. day, opposed to night, Gen 7:14; Gen 7:12; Gen 8:22 (all J), Gen 31:39; Gen 31:40 (E), Exod 24:18; Exod 34:28; Num 11:32 (twice in verse); Josh 10:13 (all J E), Deut 9:9; Deut 9:11; Deut 9:18; Deut 9:25; Deut 10:10 (D), Gen 1:5; Gen 1:14; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:18 (P), 1Sam 30:12; Judg 19:8; Judg 19:9 (twice in verse); Judg 19:11; Amos 5:8; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 19:8; Neh 4:16; Eccl 8:16 || לִפְנֵי בוֺאהַֿשֶּׁמֶשׁ 2Sam 3:35 ׳חֹם הַיּ Gen 18:1(J) the heat of the day 1Sam 11:11; 2Sam 4:5 עוֺד גָּדוֺל ׳הַיּ Gen 29:7 (J) the day is still high, not near its end; ׳רוּחַ הַיּ Gen 3:8 coll of the day; מִןהָֿאוֺר עַדֿ ׳מַחֲצִית הַיּ Neh 8:3 from dawn until mid-day; so also probably of mid-day הוֺלך ואור עַדנְֿכוֺן הַיּוֺם Prov 4:18 growing lighter and lighter until the full day; note phrase in Judg 19, ׳עַדנְֿטוֺת הַיּ Judg 19:8 until the declining of the day; לַעֲרוֺב ׳רָפָה הַיּ vJudg 19:9 the day hath sunk down to become evening; ׳חֲנוֺת הַיּ vJudg 19:9 the declining of the day; רַד מְאֹד ׳הַיּ vJudg 19:11 the day has gone down exceedingly (is far spent).

2. Day as division of time:
a. working-day Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10 (E) = Deut 5:18; Exod 16:26; Exod 16:30 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 23:12 (JE), Exod 31:15 (P), Lev 23:3 (H); יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezek 46:1.
b. דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם a day's journey Num 11:31 (twice in verse)( J E), 1Kgs 19:4 מַהֲלַךְ יוֺם אֶחָד Jonah 3:4 דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Gen 30:36; Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23 (all J), Num 10:33 (twice in verse) (JE), Num 33:8 (P); מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Jonah 3:3 so seven days' journey Gen 31:23 (E), 2Kgs 3:9 without דֶּרֶךְ etc., שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Exod 15:22 (E) they went three days, etc.
c. to denote duration of various other acts or states: seven days Gen 7:4; Gen 7:10; Gen 8:10; Gen 8:12 forty days Gen 7:17; Gen 8:6 (all J); 150 days Gen 7:24; Gen 8:3 (both P), 1Sam 25:38; 1Kgs 8:65 (twice in verse); Jer 42:7; Ezek 4:5; Ezek 4:6; 1Chr 9:25; Ezra 6:22; Esth 1:4 etc. In Esth 4:16 1 & 2 are combined: וְאַלתִּֿשְׁתּוּ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם do not eat and do not drink for thee days, night or day (see Zech 14:7 below 3 below)
d. day as defined by evening and morning Gen 1:5; Gen 1:8; Gen 1:13; Gen 1:19; Gen 1:23; Gen 1:31 (all P; compare further בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); see also Gen 2:2 (twice in verse); Gen 2:3 (P), Exod 20:11 (twice in verse)(E), Exod 32:17 (twice in verse) (P).
e. day of month (with ordinal number), chiefly P and late: Gen 7:11; Gen 8:4; Gen 8:14; Exod 12:6; Exod 12:18 (twice in verse) +, 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33; 1Kgs 45:25; 1Kgs 1:15; 1Kgs 1:18; 2Chr 29:17 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:6; Neh 8:2; Neh 9:1; Dan 10:4; Esth 3:12; Esth 9:1 +; (יוֺם often omitted e.g. Gen 8:5; Gen 8:13; Exod 12:10; 2Kgs 25:1; 2Kgs 25:3; Ezek 1:1; Ezek 1:2; Hag 2:1; Hag 2:20; Zech 7:1; 2Chr 3:2; Ezra 6:19; Esth 3:13, etc.) feminine יוֺם defined by substantive, infinitive, or other clause: (1) construct יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג = the snowy day 2Sam 23:20 = 1Chr 11:22 יוֺם סַגְרִיר Prov 27:15 = rainy d.; יוֺם קָרָה Prov 25:20 = cold d.; (so, = time יוֺם צָרָתִי Gen 35:3 (E) d. of my distrees; Jer 18:17; Lam 1:7; Prov 24:10; Prov 25:19; Prov 27:10 יוֺם מוֺתוֺ etc. Judg 13:7; 2Sam 6:23; 2Kgs 15:5 + often; compare יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת אֶתפַּֿרְעֹה Gen 40:20 (E) = Pharaoh's birthday; כְּיוֺם הִוָּלְדָהּ Hos 2:5 compare Eccl 7:1 (see also 7 d below; compare יוֺמוֺ Job 3:1), יום חֲתֻנָּה Song 3:11 of day emphatically characterized by prophets and others יוֺם מְהוּמָה וּמְבוּסָה וּמְבוּכָה Isa 22:5 (see מְהוּמָה below הום); יוֺם צָרָה וְתוֺכֵחָה וּנְאָצָה Isa 37:3 = 2Kgs 19:3 on the other hand ׳יוֺם רָצוֺן לי Isa 58:5 a day of acceptableness to ׳י; plural followed by substantive יְמֵי שָׂכִיר Lev 25:50 (H) the days of an hireling; יְמֵי (מִלֻּאֵיכֶםׅ Lev 8:33; Num 6:13 followed by rel. clause אָרוּר הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר יֻלַּדְתִּי בּ֑וֺ יוֺם אֲשֶׁריְֿלָדַתְנִי ׳אִמִּי וגו Jer 20:14 compare Job 3:3 also Ps 118:24 (see i).
g. particular days defined by proper name, of a location: יוֺם יִזְרְעֶאל Hos 2:2 i.e. of judgement, with implied restoration; see also Isa 9:3; Ezek 30:9 יְמֵי הַגִּבְעָה Hos 9:9; Hos 10:9, i.e. of the outrage at Gibeah (Judg 19:22ff.); יוֺם ירושׁלם Ps 137:7 i.e. of Jerusalem's calamity, compare Jer 50:27; Jer 50:31.
h. with suffix, thy, his, or their day, in sense of (1) day of disaster or death: Psalms בָּא יוֺמְךָ Jer 50:31 thy day has come; אוֺ יומו יָבאֹ וָמֵת 1Sam 26:10 יומו in this sense also Ezek 21:30; Ps 37:13; Job 18:20 בָּא יוֺמָם Jer 50:27; Ezek 21:34.
i. specifically a holy day: יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day (see also שַׁבָּת), Exod 20:8; Exod 20:11(E) = Deut 5:12; Deut 5:15; Exod 31:15; Exod 35:3 +; = יוֺם קָדְשִׁי Isa 58:13 repetition בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת Lev 24:8 every Sabbath day; also יוֺם הַכִּפֻּרים Lev 23:27; Lev 25:9 יוֺם כִּפֻּרִים Lev 23:28 יוֺם הַבִּכּוּרִים Num 28:26 יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Ps 81:4 יוֺם מַלְכֵּנוּ Hos 7:5 also of false gods, יִמֵי הַבְּעָלִים Hos 2:11.

3. ׳יוֺם י day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous (see RS^{Proph. 396 f.} Dr^{Isa 28}); Amos 5:18 (twice in verse); Amos 5:20; Isa 2:12; Isa 13:6; Isa 13:9; Zeph 1:7 (compare vZeph 1:8), vZeph 1:14 vZeph 1:14 (compare vZeph 1:15 vZeph 1:16), Jer 46:10; Ezek 13:5; Ezek 30:3 (compare Ezek 36:33; Ezek 39:8; Ezek 39:11; Ezek 39:13); Obad 15; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:23 (compare Zech 14:7; Mal 3:2; Mal 3:17; Mal 3:19 (twice in verse); Mal 3:21), Joel 1:15; Joel 2:1; Joel 2:11 (compare vJoel 2:2 vJoel 2:2), Joel 3:4; Joel 4:14 ׳יוֺם עֶבְרַת י Zeph 1:18 יוֺם עֶבְרָה Prov 11:4 יוֺם חֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ Isa 13:13; Lam 1:12 יוֺם נָקָם Isa 34:8; Isa 61:2; Isa 63:4 יוֺם נְקָמָה Jer 46:10 ׳יוֺם אַף י Zeph 2:2; Zeph 2:3; Lam 2:22 יוֺם אַפּוֺ Lam 2:1 compare also Zech 14:7 (where senses of 1 and 2 are combined, compare Esth 4:16 2 c above); וְהָיָה יוֺםֿ לֹא יוֺם וְלֹא לָ֑יְלָה ׳אֶחָד הוּא יִּוָּדַע לי but there shall be one day, known shall it be of ׳י not day and not night; compare also ביום ההוא 7 g below

4. Plural days of any one:
a. = his life, his age Gen 6:3 (J), Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29; Deut 23:7; Josh 24:31 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 2:7 (twice in verse); Judg 2:18; 1Sam 25:28, etc.; Gen 5:4; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32 (all P), Job 7:1 (twice in verse); Job 7:6; Job 7:16; Job 8:9, Ps 39:5 (twice in verse); Ps 90:9; Ps 90:10; Ps 90:12; Ps 90:14; Ps 103:15 כָּליְֿמֵי חַיֶּיךָ Gen 3:14; Gen 3:17 (J), Ps 23:6, so Prov 31:12 יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיִּים 2Sam 19:35; Gen 25:7; Gen 47:8; Gen 47:9 (all P); יְמֵי חַיָּיו Eccl 5:17; Eccl 5:19 יְמֵי שָׁנָיו Eccl 6:3 יְמֵי שְׁנוֺתֵינוּ Ps 90:10 מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּיהֶם Eccl 2:3 מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּי הֶבְלוֺ Eccl 6:12 the number of the days of the years of his vanity, i.e. his empty, fleeting years; כָּלהַּֿיָּמִים אֲשֶׁרהֵֿם חַיִּים עַלפְּֿנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1Kgs 8:40 יָמִים רַבִּים long life 1Kgs 3:11= 2Chr 1:11 בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days = of advanced age Gen 18:11; Gen 24:1 (both J), Josh 13:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Josh 23:1; Josh 23:2 (D), 1Kgs 1:1 מִיָּמָיו 1Kgs 1:6 from his (earliest) days, so מִיָּמֶיךָ 1Sam 25:28 (see Dr), Job 38:12 שְׂבַע יָמִים Job 42:17; 1Kgs 8:40 יַאֲרִכוּן יָמֶיךָ Exod 20:12 (JE) that thy days may be long = Deut 5:16, see further ארך; יָמִים עַליְֿמֵימֶֿלֶךְ תּוֺסִיף Ps 61:7 i.e. prolong the king's life; outlive is הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמִים אַחֲרֵי Josh 24:31(D), Judg 2:7 אֹרֶךְ יָמִים וּשְׁנוֺת חַיִּים Prov 3:2 length of days and years of life; אֹרֶךְ יָמִים vProv 3:16 כְּיָמֶיךָ דבאך Deut 33:25 according to (the length of) thy life shall be [ thy strength ? read רבאך ?] see Di VB; rarely singular e.g. קְשֵׁהֿ יוֺם Job 30:25 one hurd of day, i.e. whose day (= life) was hard; of life as approaching its end, וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי ישׂראל לָמוּת Gen 47:29 (J) and the days of Israel drew near for dying, so Deut 31:14; 1Kgs 2:1 (compare Job 7:6; Job 7:16; Job 8:9; Eccl 2:3 above)
b. (in) the days of (i.e. life-time, reign, or activity of) Gen 10:25 (J), Gen 14:1; Judg 5:6 (twice in verse); Judg 8:28; 2Sam 21:1; 1Kgs 16:34; 1Kgs 21:29 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 22:47; 2Kgs 20:19; 2Chr 13:20; 2Chr 35:18 + often (so M 2Chr 1:6. 8.8.9.33).
c. hence in phrase סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְ 1Kgs 14:19; 1Kgs 14:29 + 31 t. Kings, Neh 12:23; Esth 2:23; Esth 10:2 מִסְפַּר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים 1Chr 27:24 סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֺת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים Esth 6:1.

5. Days:
a. indefinite: יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Gen 27:44 (J), Gen 29:10 (E), Dan 11:20 יָמִים alone Dan 40:4 (E) they were days (a certain time) in the prison 1Kgs 17:15; Neh 1:4 עוּל יָמִים Isa 65:20 a suckling of (a few) days; מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4 after a time, Judg 15:1 so מִקֵּץ יָמִים Gen 4:3 (J) after the end of days, 1Kgs 17:7 יוֺם אוֺ יוֺמַיִם Exod 21:21(JE) a day or two. יָמִים אוֺ עָשׂוֺר Gen 24:55 (J) some days, or ten (days or a dekad; on question of text see Di).
b. of long time, זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1Sam 29:3 these days or these years; אוֺ יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺ יָמִים Num 9:22 (P) whether two days or a month or days (an indefinitely long period); יָמִים רַבִּים many days Gen 21:34 (JE) Gen 37:34 (J) +; ׳וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וגו Gen 38:12 (J) and the days were multiplied (= time passed) and Judah's wife died, 1Sam 7:2 אָֽרְכוּ לוֺ שָׁם הַיָּמִים Gen 26:8 (J) the days were long to him there = he had been there a long time; בְּהַאֲרִיךְ הֶעָנָןיָ֗֗֗מִים רַבִּים Num 9:19 (P) when the cloud prolonged many days (remained a long time) upon the tabern — See also 6 below
c. days of old, former or ancient times (especially of early period of Israel hist): יְמוֺת עוֺלָם Deut 32:7 (poem); יְמֵי עוֺלם Mic 5:1; Mic 7:14; יְמֵי קֶדֶם Mic 7:20 יָמִים מִקֶּדֶם Ps 77:6; Ps 143:5 compare הַיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים Eccl 7:10 coming days הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Eccl 2:16 coming time יוֺם אַהֲרוֺן Prov 31:25 especially (ב)אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים see above; לְקֵץ הַיָּמִין Dan 12:13.

6. יוֺם = time;
a. vividly in general sense (see also

5. above): time of harvest Prov 25:13 usually יְמֵי Gen 30:14 (J), Josh 3:15; Num 13:20 (twice in verse) (all J E), Judg 15:1; 2Sam 21:9 proper time for paying wages Deut 24:15 compare Job 14:6 time of parturition וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת Gen 25:24.
b. apposition to other expressions of time (Dr^{§ 192} (1) Da^{Synt. § 29. d}): חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Gen 29:14 (J; literally a month, time), Num 11:20; Num 11:21 (JE); = יֶרַח יָמִים Deut 21:13; 2Kgs 15:13 יָמִים ארבעה חדשׁים Judg 19:2 time, four months (si vera lectio, see 1Sam 27:7); (מִקֵּץ) שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gen 41:1 (E) two years (of) time, 2Sam 13:23; 2Sam 14:28; Jer 28:3; Jer 28:11 שְׁלשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dan 10:2; Dan 10:3 three weeks (of) time.
c. plural in specific sense, apparently = year, literal יָמִים 1Sam 27:7; Lev 25:29 (H); לַיָּמִים Judg 17:10 זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:19; 1Sam 20:6 יָמִים וארבעה חדשׁים 1Sam 27:7 = a year and four months (compare Judg 19:2 above
b.); מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה = from year to year, yearly Exod 13:10 (JE), Judg 11:40 (compare v^b), Judg 21:19; 1Sam 1:3; 1Sam 2:19 מִקֵּץ יָמִים לַיָּמִים 2Sam 14:26 יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺיָֿמִים Num 9:22 (P); distributive Num 14:34 (twice in verse) (P), Ezek 4:6 (twice in verse); וַיְהִי לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים וּכְעֵת צֵּאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם 2Chr 21:19 and it came to pass at days from days (=after some days) even about the time of the outgoing of the end of two (series of) days (i.e. probably years, see Be).

7. Phrases, without preposition and with, are:
a. (1) הַיּוֺם = to-day Gen 4:14; Gen 31:43; Gen 31:48; Exod 13:4 (JE) + often; opposed to תְּמוֺל yesterday Exod 5:14; 1Sam 20:27 opposed to מָחָר Exod 19:10 (2) (בְּ)יוֺם מָחָר = to-morrow Gen 30:33; Isa 56:12; Prov 27:1 (3) יוֺם אֶתְמוֺל Ps 90:4 (4) הַיּוֺם שְׁלשֶׁת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 9:20 three days ago (see Dr); = הַיּוֺם שְׁלשָׁה 1Sam 30:13 (5) בַּיּוֺם Judg 13:10 apparently = the other day (see Be); (6) יוֺם אֶחָד no preposition, emphatic = in one day, Gen 27:45; Isa 9:13 with בְּ Isa 10:17; Isa 47:9 for, during, one day Gen 33:13; Num 11:19 unemphatic, one day (= some day) 1Sam 27:1 יוֺם אֶחָד לִפְנֵי 1Sam 9:15 one day, before Saul came.
b. וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם וַֹֿ and the day came, that (or when) 1Sam 1:4 (see Dr), 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:13; Job 2:1.
c. הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים lo! days are coming, when, etc.; especially in Amos, Jeremiah: 1Sam 2:31; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13; Isa 39:6 = 2Kgs 20:17; Jer 7:32 + 13 t. Jeremiah
d. יוֺם in construct def. verbs, both literally, the day of, and (often) in general sense = the time of (forcible and pregnantly, representing the act vividly as that of a single day): (1) before infinitive, (α) singular without preposition אֶתיֿוֺם צֵאתְךָ Deut 16:3 and thou shalt remember the day of thy going out from the land Egypt, Isa 58:5; Ezek 39:13; Mal 3:2 compare Eccl 7:1 (מִן comparative); (β) עַדיֿוֺם Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 + 5 t.; (γ) בְּיוֺם Gen 2:4; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5 + 53 t.; (δ) כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5; Hos 2:17; Zeph 3:8; Zech 14:3 (ε) מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 29:6; 2Sam 13:32; 2Kgs 8:6; Deut 9:24; Lev 23:15; Ezek 28:15 (ζ) לְמִיּוֺם Judg 19:30; 2Sam 7:6; Isa 7:17 (2) plural construct before infinitive: (α) כָּליְֿמֵי Judg 18:31; 1Sam 22:4; 1Sam 25:7; 1Sam 25:16; Lev 26:34; Lev 26:35; Num 6:6; 2Chr 36:21 (β) בִּימֵי Ruth 1:1; 2Chr 26:5 (γ) כִּימֵי Mic 7:15 (3) singular construct with preposition before finite verb in perfect: (α) compare בְּ, ׳בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר י Exod 6:28 in the day (when) ׳י spoke, so Num 3:1; Deut 4:15 also Lev 7:35; 2Sam 22:1 = Ps 18:1; Ps 138:3; Zech 8:9 (β) מִיּוֺם Jer 36:2 (4) singular construct before imperfect: בְּיוֺם אֶקְרָא Ps 56:10 in the day (when) I cry, Ps 103:3; Lam 5:7 also without בְּ, יוֺם אִירָא Ps 56:4 (at the) time (when) I am afraid; (5) plural construct before perfect: כָּליְֿמֵי הִתְהַלַּכְנוּ אִתָּם 1Sam 25:15, so Lev 14:46 (probably, see Di); כִּימוֺת Ps 90:15 (6) plural construct before imperfect: כִּימֵי אֱלוֺתַּ יִשְׁמְרֵנִי Job 29:2 (7) מִיּוֺם construct before rel. clause: מִיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי לְפָנֶיךָ 1Sam 29:8 since the day when (= as long as) I have been before thee, Neh 5:14 (8) plural construct before rel. clause כָּליְֿמֵי אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכֹּן Num 9:18 as long as the cloud remained, etc.
e. (1) יוֺם יוֺם day by day Gen 39:10 (J), Exod 16:5 (P), Prov 8:30; Prov 8:34; Ps 61:9; Ps 68:20 (+ Jer 7:25; Ps 13:3 Lag, see יוֺמָם); so (late) לְיוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 24:11 יוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 30:21; Neh 8:18 לְעֶתיֿוֺם בְּיוֺם 1Chr 12:22 עֹלֹת יוֺם בְּיוֺם Ezra 3:4 בִּדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 8:13 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם from day to day 1Chr 16:23 = מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Ps 96:2 (Esth 3:7 see below); יוֺם וָיוֺם Esth 3:4 (very late, see וְ 1 i
(b), p. 253 above and Dr^{Intr. 505}); בְּכָליֿוֺם וָיוֺם Esth 2:11 כְּיוֺם בְּיוֺם 1Sam 18:10 as daily = according to daily habit; (2) מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Esth 3:7, is in phrase of casting lots for one day after another; (מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see 6 c); (3) of daily duties, observances, etc.: דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ each day's affair in its day Exod 5:13; Exod 5:19; Exod 16:4 (all J), Lev 23:37 (H), 1Kgs 8:59; 2Kgs 25:30 = Jer 52:34; Ezra 3:4; Neh 11:23; Neh 12:47; Dan 1:5 לִדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ 1Chr 16:37; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 31:16. feminine כָּלהַֿיָּמִים = always, continually, Gen 43:9; Gen 44:32 (both J), Deut 4:40; Deut 5:26; Deut 6:24; Deut 11:1; Deut 14:23; Deut 18:5; Deut 19:9; Deut 28:29; Deut 28:33; Josh 4:24 (D), Judg 16:16; 1Sam 2:32; 1Sam 2:35; 1Sam 18:29; 1Sam 23:14; 1Sam 28:2; 2Sam 13:37; 2Sam 19:14; Jer 31:36; Jer 32:39; Jer 33:18; Jer 35:19; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:3; 1Kgs 11:36; 1Kgs 11:39; 1Kgs 12:7; 1Kgs 14:30; 1Kgs 2:19; 1Kgs 13:3; 1Kgs 17:37; 1Kgs 2:16; 1Kgs 10:7; 1Kgs 12:15; 1Kgs 21:7; also (only in prophetic writers and in poetry) כָּלהַֿיּוֺם Gen 6:5 (J), Hos 12:2; Deut 28:32; Deut 33:12; Jer 20:7; Jer 20:8; Isa 28:24; Isa 51:13; Isa 52:5 (both תָּמִיד כלהֿיום), Isa 65:2; Isa 65:5; Lam 1:13; Lam 3:3; Lam 3:14; Lam 3:62; Ps 25:5; Ps 32:3; Ps 35:28; Ps 37:26; Ps 38:7; Ps 38:13; Ps 42:4; Ps 42:11; Ps 44:9; Ps 44:16; Ps 44:23; Ps 52:3; Ps 56:2; Ps 56:3; Ps 56:6; Ps 71:8; Ps 71:15; Ps 71:24; Ps 72:15; Ps 73:14; Ps 74:22; Ps 86:3; Ps 88:18; Ps 89:17; Ps 102:9; Ps 119:97; Prov 21:26; Prov 23:17.
g. additional phrase with בְּ = on a particular day: בַּיּוֺם הַחֲמִישִׁי Judg 19:18, so Gen 2:2 (twice in verse) + often; בְּכָליֿוֺם every day Ps 7:12; Ps 88:10; Ps 145:2 בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of definite time in past Gen 15:18; Gen 33:16 + (see also 3 above); compare הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה (no preposition) Exod 13:3 (JE); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of time defined in subsequent context, 1Sam 3:2 at that time when Eli was laid down, i.e. at the particular time of the following incident (= at a certain time, on one particular day; compare Gen 39:11 Sub h; see Da^{Synt. § 21. e. R. 1, 2 and} especially Dr 1Sam 1:4; 1Sam 19:3); בַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה Gen 7:11 +; בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה on this selfsame day Gen 7:13 (see עֶצֶם); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא also of future 1Sam 3:12; Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:18 and very often in prophets, as formula in describing what is to come at time of future blessing, retribution, etc., Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Hos 2:18; Hos 2:20; Hos 2:23 etc., especially Isa 2:11; Isa 2:17; Isa 2:20; Isa 3:7; Isa 3:18; Isa 4:1; Isa 4:2 + often; plural בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם of past Gen 6:4 (J), Judg 18:1 (twice in verse); Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 3:1 + often; of future Deut 17:9; Deut 19:17; Deut 26:3.
h. with כַּיּוֺם ׃כְּ as or like the day Ps 139:12 כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Josh 10:14 כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5 as at the day of; כְּיוֺם תָּמִים Josh 10:13 about a whole day; כַּיּוֺם literally at (about) to-day = now (see כְּ) 1Sam 9:27; 1Kgs 22:5 = 2Chr 18:4; Isa 58:4 so כְּהַיּוֺם 1Sam 9:13 + v1Sam 9:12 We Dr (for ᵑ0 כי היום), Neh 5:11 כַּיּוֺם = at once, first of all Gen 25:31; Gen 25:33; 1Sam 2:16; 1Kgs 1:51 often with adjective pronoun to point out agreement of result with promise or prediction, כַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה as it is this day Gen 50:20 (E), 1Sam 22:8; 1Sam 22:13, and especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah and subsequent writing: Deut 2:30; Deut 4:20; Deut 4:38; Deut 8:18; Deut 10:15; Deut 29:27; Jer 11:5; Jer 25:18 (gloss, omitted by ᵐ5, compare especially Kue^{Einl. § 56. 1}), Jer 32:20; Jer 44:6; Jer 44:23; 1Kgs 3:6; 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Chr 28:7; 2Chr 6:15; Dan 9:7; Dan 9:15 so כְּהַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Deut 6:24; Jer 44:22; Ezra 9:7; Ezra 9:15; Neh 9:10 in Gen 39:11 (J) this phrase = on this particular day (when the incident to be narrated occurred; compare ביום ההוא g above)
i. with לְיוֺם ׃לְ on, at (literally with reference to) Hos 9:5 (twice in verse) what will ye do on the day of assembly, etc., Isa 10:3 לְיוֺם אֶחָד 1Kgs 5:2 bread for one day; הַמְּלָאכָה לֹא לְיוֺם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13 distributive phrase נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם Num 7:11 (P), Job 21:30 (twice in verse); compare לַיּוֺם Mal 1:17 לַיּום against, i.e. in expectation of Exod 19:11, so לְיוֺם קְרָב Job 38:23; Prov 21:31 לְיוֺם קוּמִי almost = until Zeph 3:8 לִפְנֵי יוֺם Isa 48:7 before to-day; late phrase are לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים 2Chr 21:19 = in the course of time; לְיָמִים רַבִּים Dan 8:26 at (the end of) many days; לַיּוֺם for every day, daily, Exod 29:36; Exod 29:38; Num 7:11 (twice in verse); Num 28:3; Num 28:34; 1Chr 26:17; Jer 37:21; Ezek 4:10; Ezek 43:25; Ezek 45:23 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:13 לַיּוֺם in exclamation ׳הָהּ לַיּ Ezek 20:2 alas for the day! ׳אֲהָהּ לַיּ Joel 1:15.
j. with מִיּוֺם ׃מִן since the day (time) of (or when), Exod 10:6; Lev 23:15; Deut 9:24; 1Sam 7:2 etc.; מִיּוֺם הראשׁן Exod 12:15 from the first day (on omission of article see Dr^{§ 209} (1)); מִימֵי השׁפטים 2Kgs 23:22, etc.; מִיּוֺם = from to-day, from this day forth Isa 43:13; Ezek 48:35 מֵהַיּוֺם הַהוּא וָמָ֑עְלָה 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 30:25 from that day forward; so וָהָ֑לְאָה ׳הַה ׳מֵהַיּ 1Sam 18:9 מִןהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה וָמָ֑עְלָה Hag 2:15; Hag 2:18 from this day onward (see Add. on p. 751:b); עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה Gen 47:26 until now; מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days Josh 23:1; Ezek 38:8 מִיָּמִים after a time Judg 11:4; Judg 14:8; Judg 15:1 but usually ׳מִקֵּץ י, see קֵץ; מִיֹּמָ֑יִם Hos 6:2 after two days; — מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see e (4) above
k. with לְמִן (see לְ near the end): לְמִן הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר Deut 4:32; Deut 9:7; 2Sam 7:11; Jer 7:25; Jer 32:31; Hag 2:18 twice followed by infinitive in apposition Exod 9:18; 2Sam 19:25 (compare also 2Chr 8:16 see Dr^{Sm. & § 190, Obs}.); קֶדֶם ׃לְמִימֵי ׳למ 2Kgs 19:25 since days of old = long ago, compare Mal 3:7 since the days of your fathers.

1. ׃עַד (ה)יום ׳עַד יוֺם הָאֶחָד וגו Exod 12:18 until the 21st day, Lev 19:6 +; עַדיֿוֺם מוֺתוֺ Judg 13:7; 1Sam 15:35; 2Sam 6:23 +, etc., see also (followed by infinitive) c above; עַדהַֿיּוֺם until to-day, denoting especially permanence of a name or situation, or of result of an event, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J), Gen 35:20 (E), 2Kgs 10:27; Ezek 20:31 ; more often עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Gen 26:33 (J), Gen 32:33 (P or R), Gen 47:26 (J), Gen 48:15 (E), Exod 10:6; Num 22:30 (both J), Deut 2:22; Deut 3:14; Deut 10:8; Deut 11:4; Deut 29:3; Deut 34:6; Deut 5:9; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:26 (twice in verse); Josh 8:28; Josh 8:29; Josh 9:27; Josh 13:13; Josh 14:14; Josh 15:63; Josh 16:10 (all J E), Josh 22:3 (D), vJosh 22:17 (P), Josh 23:8; Josh 23:9 (D), Judg 1:21; Judg 1:26; Judg 6:24; Judg 10:4; Judg 15:19; Judg 18:12; Judg 19:30; 1Sam 5:5; 1Sam 6:18; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 27:6; 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:6; 1Sam 29:8; 1Sam 30:25; 2Sam 4:3; 2Sam 6:8 = 1Chr 13:11; 2Sam 7:6 = 1Chr 17:5; 2Sam 18:18 + often; עַדעֶֿצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Josh 10:27 (JE), Ezek 2:3 (compare Lev 23:14 H); עַדֿ הַיּוֺם הַהוּא Judg 18:1; Neh 8:17. masculine once עַליֿוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 upon a good day, i.e. a day of social cheerfulness, feasting, rejoicing (with rare עַל temporal compare Dr; יוֺם טוֺב also Esth 8:17; Esth 9:19; Esth 9:22, see טוֺב adjective )

day, days, time, daily, ever, …

yôm

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

day, time, year

day (as opposed to night)

as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

a working day, a day's journey

today

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: הוּא · hoo

Noun — masculine singular

In the KJV here: in that

he ×367 it ×197 that ×161 in that ×95 and he ×89 she ×67 which ×62 this ×47

More options

he — Default rendering for masculine singular subject pronoun.

she — Use when grammatical/contextual gender is feminine.

it — Use for non-personal or abstract referents.

that — Demonstrative or relative use; points to something previously mentioned.

the same — Emphasizes identity or sameness of the referent.

this very — Adds emphasis or specificity; highlights the exact referent.

BDB2086 H1931

הוּ Jer 29:23 Kt, see הוּא.

BDB2087 H1931 H1992 H2007

הוּא masculine הִיא feminine (plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן [the latter only with prefixes]; see these words), pronoun of the 3rd person singular, he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it, Latin is, ea, id. (The א is not orthographic merely, but radical, being written on Moabite and Phoenician inscriptions, though dropped in some of the later dialects. [In Hebrew only Jer 29:23 Kt, and in the proper name אֱלִיהוּ.] Moabite (MI^{6; 27}) and Phoenician (often) הא; Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, once הו (DHM^{Inschr. von Sendschirli 55}); ᵑ7 הוּא, הִיא Syriac , ; Arabic , (for h¥°a, h£°a, W^{SG 104}); Ethiopic we°§t¥, ye°§t£; perhaps also Assyrian šû, šî, himself, herself suffix šu, ši; compare demonstrative šuatu, šiati (see Krae^{BAS. i. 383 & references}, W^{SG 98, 105} Dl^{§ 55b, 57}). In the Pentateuch, הוא is of common gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Gen 14:2; Gen 20:5; Gen 38:25 (see Masora here), Lev 11:39; Lev 13:10; Lev 13:21; Lev 16:31; Lev 20:17; Lev 21:9; Num 5:13; Num 5:14. The punctuators, however, sought to assimilate the usage of the Pentateuch to that of the rest of the OT, and accordingly wherever הוא was construed as a feminine pointed it הִוא (as a Qr perpetuum). Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1Kgs 17:15; Isa 30:33; Job 31:11a — probably for the sake of removing gramm. anomalies: five instances of the converse change, namely of היא to be read as הוּא, occur for a similar reason, 1Kgs 17:15 (וַתּאֹכַל הוּאוָֿהִיא to be read as וַתּאֹכַל הִיאוָֿהוּא, on account of the feminine verb) Ps 73:16; Job 31:11b (כי הוא זמה והיא עָוֺן פלילים to be read as כי היא זמה והוא עון פלילים), Eccl 5:8; 1Chr 29:16. The origin of the peculiarity in the Pentateuch is uncertain. It can hardly be a real archaism : for the fact that arab., Aramaic, & Ethiopic have distinct forms for masculine & feminine shews that both must have formed part of the original Semitic stock, and consequently of Hebrew as well, from its earliest existence as an independent language. Nor is the peculiarity confined to the Pentateuch: in the Manuscript of the Later Prophets, of A.D. , now at St. Petersburg, published in facsimile by Strack (1876), the feminine occurs written הוא (see the passages cited in the Adnotationes Criticae, p. 026). In Phoenician both masculine and feminine are alike written הא (CIS i. 1Chr 1:9 מלך צדק הא, 1Chr 1:13 מלאכת הא, 1Chr 3:10 אדם הא, 1Chr 1:11 ממלכת הא, 1Chr 93:2; 1Chr 94:2), though naturally this would be read as hu° or hi° as occasion required. Hence, as ᵐ5 shews that in the older Hebrew MSS. the scriptio plena was not yet generally introduced, it is probably that originally הא was written for both genders in Hebrew likewise, and that the epicene הוא in the Pentateuch originated at a comparatively late epoch in the transmission of the text — perhaps in connection with the assumption, which is partly borne out by facts (compare De^{ZKWL 1880, pp. 393-399}), that in the older language feminine forms were more sparingly used than subsequently.)

In usage הוּא (feminine הִיא; plural הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם, ׃ הֵ֫נָּה see הֵ֫מָּה) is

1. an emphatic he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (especially with the article) that (those):
a. Gen 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (ᵐ5 αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee as to the head (opposed to the following אתה thou), vGen 3:20 for she (and no one else) was the mother of all living (so often in causal sentences, where some emphasis on the subject is desirable as Judg 14:3; Ps 24:2; Ps 25:15; Ps 33:9; Ps 91:3; Ps 103:14; Ps 148:5; Job 5:18; Job 11:11; Job 28:24; Jer 5:5; Jer 34:7b Hos 6:1; Hos 11:10 : Dr^{1Sam 14:18}), 1Sam 4:20 Adah bare Jabal הוא היה אבי ישׁב אהלים he (ἐκεῖνος) was the father of tent-dwellers, v1Sam 4:21; 1Sam 10:8 he began to be a mighty one in the earth, 1Sam 20:5 (αὐτός), Judg 13:5; Isa 32:7; Isa 33:22; 2Kgs 14:7; 2Kgs 14:22; 2Kgs 14:25; Hos 10:2 he — the unseen observer of their thoughts and deeds (Che), Hos 13:15 b (he, the foe figured by the east wind). (For its use thus in circumstantial clauses see Dr^{§ 157, 160, 168, 169}.) And where the predicate is a substantive or participle, Gen 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב ֗֗֗ that is the one which encompasseth etc., vGen 2:13 vGen 2:14; Gen 10:12 that is the great city. So in the explanatory notices, Gen 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַת that is the salt sea, vGen 14:8 הוּאצֹֿעַר that is Zoar, Gen 36:1 + often
b. pointing back to the subj. and contrasting it with something else : Gen 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also ... vGen 4:26; Gen 10:21; Gen 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said, Exod 1:10 + often
c. appended alone to a verb (more rarely, but always with intentional emphasis), Exod 4:14 I know כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak, vExod 4:16; 1Sam 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he (though none else would do it) smote the priests, 1Sam 23:22 for one hath told me, עָרֹם יַעְרִם הוּא He can deal subtilly, Ezek 12:12 (peculiarly), compare Dr^{§ 160 n.}: very rarely indeed to a noun Num 18:23 הַלֵּוִי הוּא Isa 7:14 הוא ׳י, Esth 9:1 (הֵמָּה) being probably all the examples in the OT.
d. Gen 13:1 and Abram came up out of Egypt, הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife, and all that he had, Gen 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants, Gen 19:30 so very often
e. prefixed to a noun (very rare, and mostly late), Exod 12:42b Ezek 3:8 & Ezek 33:8 הוּא רָשָׁע : to proper names Exod 6:27 הוא משׁה ואהרן, 1Chr 26:26 that Shelomoth, 1Chr 27:6; 2Chr 28:22; 2Chr 32:12 (different from 2Kgs 18:22), v2Kgs 18:30; 2Kgs 33:23; Ezra 7:6: compare הֵם Neh 10:38 (compare in Syriac , Nö^{§ 227}): compare Ps 87:5; 1Sam 20:29.

2. It resumes the subject with emphasis:
a. when the predicate is a verb (especially if it be separated from its subject by an intervening clause), Gen 15:4 but one that shall come forth out of thine own bowels, הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir, Gen 3:12 the woman whom thou gavest to be with me, הוא נתנה לי she gave to me, Gen 24:7; Gen 44:17 etc. Judg 7:4; 2Sam 14:19 (throwing stress on יוֺאָב) 1Chr 11:20; Isa 33:15-16; Isa 34:16; Isa 38:19; Isa 47:10; Isa 59:16; Isa 63:5; Hos 7:8 often in Proverbs, as Hos 10:18; Hos 10:22; Hos 10:24; Hos 11:28; Hos 13:13; Hos 19:21; Hos 22:9; Hos 24:12; 1Sam 1:13 (see Dr), Ps 68:36.
b. when the predicate is a noun, Gen 2:14 and the fourth river, הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates, vGen 2:19; Gen 9:18; Gen 15:2; Gen 42:6 הַשַּׁלִּיט וְיוֺסֵף הוּא and Joseph, he was the ruler etc.: in sentences of the type הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים ׳י, הוּא הַנִּלְחָם ׳י לָכֶם, הוּא נַחֲלָתְךָ ׳י, Deut 3:22; Deut 4:35; Deut 7:9; Deut 10:9; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33; Isa 9:14; Isa 33:6; (in these cases, to avoid stiffness, it is convenient often to drop the pronoun in translating, as 'And the fourth river was the Euphrates:' the pronoun, however, though it then corresponds to the substantive verb in English, does not really express it, the copula, as the examples shew, being in fact understood. Sts. in AV the pronoun is retained for emphasis, as Deuteronomy ll. cc.) So
c. after אֲשֶׁר in an affirmative sentence, Gen 9:3 all creeping things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:39; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 35:31 אֲשֶׁר הוּא רָשָׁע לָמוּת who is guilty of death, Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19; Hag 1:9 and elsewhere (On 2, compare Dr^{§ 199}, with Obs.)

3. Where, however, the pron. follows the predicate, its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible: thus
a. Gen 12:18 why didst thou not tell me כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife ? Gen 20:13; Gen 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed, Gen 31:20 because he told him not כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא, Gen 37:3 + often (the opposite order rare and emphatic: Gen 24:65; Deut 4:6; Deut 30:20; Josh 10:2; 1Kgs 2:22; 1Kgs 3:4; 1Kgs 21:2; Hos 2:4; Ps 45:12).
b. resuming the subject, Gen 31:16 all the wealth which God hath taken etc., לנו הוא ולבנינו it is ours and our children's, vGen 31:43 and all that thou seest, לי הוא it is mine (or, omitting the pronoun, as not required in our idiom, simply) is mine, Gen 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one, Gen 48:5 (לי הם), Exod 3:5 for the place where on thou standest, אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground, Num 13:32; Num 21:26; Deut 1:17; Josh 5:15; Josh 6:19; Job 3:19 + often; Gen 23:15 ארץ ֗֗֗ מַההִֿוא, so Ps 39:5; Isa 41:22 (הֵנָּה); הֵמָּה .... אַתֶּם (unusual) Zeph 2:12. (In all such cases the predicate is not referred directly to the subject, but, the subject being made a casus pendens, it is resumed by the pronoun, and the predicate thus referred to it indirectly. By this means the sentence is lightened and relieved, especially if the subject consist of many words: in Gen 31:16 for instance, the direct form of predicate כִּי לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ כָּלהָֿעשֶׁר אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֱלֹהִים מֵאָבִינוּ would have been heavy and inelegant.) So
c. after אֲשֶׁר in a negative sentence, Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12 אֲשֶׁר לאֹ מִזַּרְעֲךָ הוּא which is not of thy seed, Num 17:5; Deut 17:5; 1Kgs 8:41 (compareהֵמָּה 3 c).
d. peculiarly, as the subject of לֹא, Jer 5:12 לוֺא הוּא He is not; and as embracing its predicate in itself, Isa 18:2; Isa 18:7 a nation terrible מִןהֿוּא (= מַאֲשֶׁר הוּא) from (the time that) it was, Nah 2:9 מִימֵי הִיא from the days that (stative construct Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}. 4) as it was, 2Kgs 7:7 they left the camp כַּאֲשֶׁר הִיא as it was (compare כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה v2Kgs 7:10). (On 3, compare Dr^{§ 198}, with Obs.)

4. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject namely
a. (rare) Song 6:9 אַהַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי תַמָּתִי one is she, my dove my perfect one, Lev 25:11; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 21:16; Lam 1:18 ׳צַדִּיק הוּא י (often so in Late Hebrew); EC Lam 6:10 וְנוֺדָע אֲשֶׁר הוּא אָדָם and that which he, even man, is, is known (De Now); compare 1Sam 6:19 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ an accident is it, (that) hath befallen us. (compare הֵמָּה 4 a.)
b. after pronouns — (α) 2Sam 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God, Ps 44:5 אתה הוא מלבי thou art he — my king, Isa 37:16; Isa 43:25 (אנכי), Isa 51:9; Isa 51:10; Isa 51:12; Isa 52:6; Jer 14:22; Jer 29:23 Kt +; compare Jer 49:12 וְאַתָּה הוּא נָקֹה תִנָּקֶה and art thou he (that) shall be unpunished ? (with change of person κατά σύνεσιν, compare Judg 13:11; 1Chr 21:17; Ezek 38:17.) So Ew^{§ 297 b} Müll^{§ 499. But others, as} Ges^Thes Roo^{§ 563} De^{Isa 37:16}; Ps 44. 5, treat הוא as emphasizing the pronoun, 'Thou, he, art God' i.e. Thou and none else art God; 'Thou (emphatic) art my king.'. (β) מִי הוּא, followed by a participle or substantive Gen 27:33; Ps 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד who is he, then — the king of glory ? (according to others, as before, 'Who (emphatic), then, is the king of glory ?'); followed by a verb Isa 50:9 מִי הוּא יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי who is he (that) will condemn me ? (others 'Who (emphatic) will condemn me ?') Job 4:7; Job 13:19; Job 17:3; Job 41:2; Jer 30:21 (so with הֵנָּה Gen 21:29, הֵמָּה Zech 1:9; Zech 4:5). (γ) זֶההֿוּא 1Chr 22:1 EC 1Chr 1:17 (frequently in Late Hebrew, where the two words coalesce into one זֶהוּ) . On the analogous אֵלֶּה הֵם ֗֗֗ ), see הֵמָּה 4 b (γ). (compare Dr^{§ 200, 201})

5. As an emphatic predicate, of God, 'I am He,' i.e. I am He Who is (opposed to unreal gods, named in context, or to transitory world), the Unseen, yet Omni-present, and Self-consistent, Ruler of the world, Deut 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he, and beside me there is no God, Isa 41:4 (see Che) Isa 43:10; Isa 43:13 even from to-day I am he, Isa 46:4; Isa 48:12; Ps 102:28 (see Che) thou art he, and thy years have no end (ᵐ5 usually ἐγώ εἰμι : in Psalms σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ). So also, according to many, Job 3:19, but is הוא a mere predicate of identity ? see rather 3b.

6. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matter, etc.) —
a. Josh 2:21 כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּןהֿוּא according to your words, so be it; Gen 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said, Exod 16:23; Lev 10:3; 2Kgs 9:36; Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that (what has just been described) is the joy of his way, Job 13:16; Job 15:9; Job 31:28; Prov 7:23; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 9:9; Esth 9:1b; similarly the feminine הִיא, Judg 14:4 they knew not היא ׳כי מי that it was from ׳י, Num 14:41; Josh 10:13; Isa 14:24; Ps 77:10 חַלּוֺתִי הִיא it (this perplexity) is my sickness, Job 9:22; Prov 18:13; Jer 22:16; 2Chr 25:20; Eccl 3:13 reference to זאת Amos 7:6; Ps 118:23; Job 5:27, זִּה Eccl 2:24. (Where there is a predicate, the gender of this usually regulates the choice of m. or f.: hence הִוא Gen 34:14; Exod 8:15; Num 15:25 (Eccl 5:5) Deut 4:6 +.)
b. affirming the presence or existence of something (rare) : 2Kgs 18:36 = Isa 36:21 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command, saying etc., 1Sam 20:33 (text dubious), Jer 50:15; Jer 50:25; Jer 51:6; Jer 51:11; Mic 2:3, perhaps Job 32:8. p. 241.

7. With the art. הַהוּא, הַהִיא, הָהֵ֫מָּה, הָהֵם, הָהֵ֫נָּה: so regularly when joined to a substantive defined itself by the article: Gen 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land, Gen 19:35 ובלילה ההוא and in that night, Gen 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time, Deut 1:19 המדבר הגדול והנורא ההוא. Only four times does there occur the anomalous construction בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא Gen 19:33; Gen 30:16; Gen 32:23; 1Sam 19:10.

BDB9471 H1932 H1931

הוּא₁₄ masculine הִיא₇ feminine pronoun of 3 singular he, she, it (= Biblical Hebrew הוּא, הִיא; Zinjirli and Palmyrene (once) הא, Palmyrene (usually), Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic הו, feminine ׳ה, Lzb²⁵⁷, S-C^{Pap. A 1, 12}+; A 4, C 9 +. The plural is אִנּוּן, q. v.); — he, she, it, Dan 2:21 וְהוּא מְהַשְׁנֵא ֗֗֗ and he will change, etc., vDan 2:22 vDan 2:44; Dan 6:5; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:24; Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:32 הוּא צַלְמָא that image (nom. pend. ['hanging' noun clause]); Dan 4:19 אַנְתָּה הוּא thou art it. Resuming the subject with emphatic (Biblical Hebrew 2 b) Dan 2:47; Dan 6:17 resuming the subject in predication (ib. 3 b) Dan 2:20 חָכְמְתָא וּגְבוּרְתָּא דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא it is his, vDan 2:28. Anticipating the subject (ib. 4 a) Dan 2:9 חֲדָא הִיא דָֽתְכוֺן; with a pronoun (ib. 4 b) Dan 2:38 אַנְתְּה הוּא ֗֗֗ thou art the head of gold Dan 5:13; Dan 3:15 מָן הוּא אֱלָהּ ֗֗֗ who is the god . . . ? (so plural אִנּוּן Ezra 5:4); Ezra 4:27 הֲלָא דָא הִיא ֗֗֗ (ib. 4 b γ); Ezra 6:27 דִּי הוּא ֗֗֗ who is . . . (ib. 2 c), Ezra 6:15 (so דִּי אִנוּן ֗֗֗ Dan 7:17). [compare in ᵑ7 Exod 14:25; Exod 15:11; 2Sam 20:19; 2Sam 24:17; Ps 43:2; Ps 63:4; Ps 66:3 +.] Affirming existence (Biblical Hebrew 6 b) Dan 4:21. compare Dr^{§§ 198-201}, K^{§ 87, 3}.

he, that, it, she, same, …

hûʾ

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

(pron 3p s) he, she, it

himself (with emphasis)

נְאֻם֙

Root word saith, said, spake

Dictionary form: נְאֻם · neh-OOM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: saith

saith ×260 me saith ×25 thee saith ×14 you saith ×12 them saith ×11 it saith ×8 hath said ×4 against me saith ×3

More options

declares — Most natural modern rendering; fits prophetic formulas well.

says — Everyday present tense; slightly less formal than 'declares'.

proclaims — Emphasizes public, authoritative announcement.

utterance — Use as a noun when the formula stands alone, e.g. 'utterance of the LORD'.

oracle — Noun option; highlights divine, prophetic character of the speech.

affirms — Stresses solemn confirmation; good for oath-like contexts.

BDB4915 H5002

נְאֻם₃₇₆ noun masculine utterance (Ba^{NB 82 e} Kö^{Lgb ii. 501 > older explanation as} Passive participle); — ׳נ always thus, as construct: —

1. utterance, declaration, revelation, of prophet in ecstatic state בלעם ׳נ Num 24:3; Num 24:15 שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל ׳נ vNum 24:4 vNum 24:6 הַגֶּבֶר ׳נ vNum 24:3 vNum 24:15; 2Sam 23:1; Prov 30:1 דוד ׳נ 2Sam 23:1 פֶּשַׁע ׳נ Ps 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with prophetic voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֺ); elsewhere always

2. before divine names (except Jer 23:31 see verb): יהוה ׳נ utterance, declaration of ׳י (prophet citing divine word given through him), Gen 22:16 (J), Num 14:28 (P), 2Kgs 9:26 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 19:33 = Isa 37:34; 2Kgs 22:19 = 2Chr 34:27; Isa 14:22; Isa 30:1; Isa 31:9; Ezek 13:6; Ezek 13:7; Ezek 16:58; Ezek 37:14; Hos 2:15; Hos 2:18; Hos 2:23; Hos 11:11; Mic 5:9; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3; Zeph 1:10; Zeph 3:8; Zech 8:17; Zech 10:12; Zech 11:6; Zech 12:1; Zech 12:4; Zech 13:8; Mal 1:2 + Isa² 12 t.; Jeremiah 162 t.; Amos 14 t.; Haggai 5 t.; Zech¹ (Zech 1:1-8:200) 6 t.; followed by אלהי ישׂראל 1Sam 2:30; Isa 17:6 אֱלֹהֵי ׳י (הַ)צְבָאוֺת Amos 6:8; Amos 6:14 צְבָאוֺת ׳י ׳נ Isa 14:22; Isa 14:23; Isa 17:3; Isa 22:25; Jer 8:3; Jer 25:29; Jer 30:8; Jer 49:26; Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; + Haggai 5 t.; Zech¹ (Zech 1:1-8:200) 7 t.; followed by אלהי ישׂראל Zeph 2:9 ׳צ ׳האדון י Isa 1:24; Isa 19:4 ׳אֶלֹהֵי הַצּ ׳אֲדֹנָי י Amos 3:13 ׳צ ׳אדני י Isa 3:15; Jer 49:5 ׳צ ׳הַמֶּלֶךְ י Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 57:57 אדני יהוה ׳נ Isa 56:8; Jer 2:22; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Amos 8:11 + Ezekiel 82 t. נְאֻם begins sentence only Isa 56:8; Ps 110:1 often in middle Isa 49:18; Amos 3:10 +; most frequently at end Isa 54:17; Amos 2:11; Amos 4:3 +; found in all prophets except Habakkuk, Jonah; not in H D of Hexateuch, Chronicles (except || Kings), Daniel, Job or the five Megilloth.

saith, said, spake

nĕʾum

an oracle

(Qal) utterance, declaration (of prophet)

utterance, declaration, revelation (of prophet in ecstatic state)

יְהוָ֣ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

צְבָא֔וֹת

Root word hosts, host, war, armies, army, …

Dictionary form: צָבָא · tsaw-BAW

Noun — Common, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: of hosts

of hosts ×284 the host ×37 of the host ×27 to war ×20 and his host ×12 according to their armies ×6 to the war ×5 for war ×4

More options

army — Best for a organised military force in narrative contexts.

host — Modernized KJV form; retains grandeur for divine/cosmic armies.

military service — Preferred when the word denotes duty or conscription.

warfare — Highlights the activity of war rather than the group itself.

forces — Collective plural; natural in modern military or political prose.

campaign — Use when context stresses a specific organised expedition or battle.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB6904 H6635

צָבָא :485 noun masculine^{2Chr 28:9} (possibly feminine Isa 10:2; Isa 40:2; Dan 8:12, but see Albr^{ZAW xv (1895), 319}; Bev^Dn) army, war, warfare; — absolute ׳צ Num 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zech 9:8); construct צְבָא Num 10:15 +; suffix צְבָאִי Job 14:14 צְבָאֲךָ Judg 8:9; Judg 9:29 צְבָיָו Ps 103:21; Ps 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read probably in both), etc.; plural צְבָאוֺת Num 20:9 + 278 t.; construct צִבְאוֺת Exod 12:41 + 2 t.; suffix צִבְאֹתַי Exod 7:4 צִבְאֹתָם Exod 6:26 +, etc.; —

1. army, host:
a. organized for war Judg 8:6; Judg 9:29 (J) Isa 34:2; Jer 51:3; 2Chr 28:9 צְבָאוֺ his host Num 2:4; Num 2:6 + 10 t. 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם Num 1:3; Num 1:52; Num 2:3; Num 2:9 + 11 t. Num 2:10; Num 33:1 (P); ׳אַלְפֵי הצ Num 31:48 (P); ישׂראל ׳צ 2Chr 25:7 ׳חֵיל (ה)צ 1Chr 20:1; 2Chr 26:13 ׳גְּדוּדֵי צ 1Chr 7:4 כלהֿצבא 2Sam 3:23; 2Sam 10:7; 1Chr 19:8; 2Chr 26:14 ׳(ה)צ שַׂר captain of (the) host Gen 21:22; Gen 21:32 (E) Gen 26:26 (J) Judg 4:2; Judg 4:7; 1Sam 12:9 + 21 t.; (ה)צבא שָׂרֵי 1Kgs 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1Chr 25:1; 1Chr 26:26; 2Chr 33:11 ׳שָׂרִים בצ 1Chr 12:22 (ה)צבאות שָׂרֵי Deut 20:9; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Chr 27:3 ׳רָאשֵׁי הצ 1Chr 12:14 מַלְכֵי צבאות Ps 68:13 ׳(ה)צ עַל over the host (as captain) Num 10:14; Num 10:15 + 10 t. Num 10 (P), 2Sam 8:16 = 1Chr 18:15; 2Sam 17:25; 1Kgs 2:35; 1Kgs 4:4 אלֿ ׳כל הצ 2Sam 20:23 (אל for על); עַלצִֿבְאֹתָם Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Exod 7:4; Exod 12:17 (P); ׳יצא צ army goes forth (to war) Exod 12:41; 1Chr 7:11 לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֺתֵינוּ Ps 44:10, of ׳י going with our armies = Ps 60:12 = Ps 108:12 figurative of great number, צבא רב Ps 68:12. — On חֲלִיפוֺת וְצָבָא Job 10:17 see Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָׅ i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me.
b. host (organized body) of angels (compare Luke 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1Kgs 22:19 = 2Chr 18:18; Neh 9:6 כל צבאיו Ps 103:21; Ps 148:2 צבא הַמָּרוֺם Isa 24:21 host of the high (angle-princes; || earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dan 8:10, הצבא vDan 8:10 (al. v^{b figurative of Israel}); ׳י ׳שׂר צ captain of the host of ׳י Josh 5:14; Josh 5:15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dan 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God).
c. of sun, moon and stars, כלצבא השׁמים Deut 4:19; Deut 17:3; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 21:3; 2Kgs 21:5 = 2Chr 33:3; 2Chr 33:5; 2Kgs 23:4; 2Kgs 23:5; Jer 8:2; Jer 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Isa 34:4 השׁמים ׳צ Jer 33:22; Zeph 1:5 כל צבאם Neh 9:6; Ps 33:6; Isa 34:4; Isa 45:12 צבאם Isa 40:26. — Jer 3:19 see I. צְבִי.
d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gen 2:1.

2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Num 1:3; Num 1:20 + 12 t. Num 1; Num 26:2 (P) 1Chr 5:18; 1Chr 7:11; 1Chr 12:33; 1Chr 12:36; 2Chr 25:5; 2Chr 26:11 ׳יצא בצ Num 31:36 (P) Deut 24:5 ׳יצא לצ Num 31:27; Num 31:28 (P); ׳עלה לצ go up to war Josh 22:12; Josh 22:33 (P); ׳בא מצ come from war Num 31:14; 2Chr 28:12 ׳קבץ לצ 1Sam 28:1 ׳שׁלח לצ Num 31:4; Num 31:6 (twice in verse) (P) התיחשׂם ׳בּצ 1Chr 7:40 תִנָּתֵן ׳צ Dan 8:12 ׳אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ men of war Num 31:21; Num 31:53 (P) 1Chr 12:8, compare ׳עַם הצ Num 31:32(P); see also II. חלץ; ׳גִבּוֺרֵי חַיִל לצ 1Chr 12:25 ׳כְּלֵי צ 1Chr 12:37 instruments of war.

3. service:
a. of Levites in sacred places Num 4:3; Num 4:23; Num 4:30; Num 4:35; Num 4:39; Num 4:43; Num 8:24; Num 8:25 קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dan 8:13 (al. as vDan 8:11, 1 b).
b. of hard service of troubled life Job 7:1; Job 14:14; Isa 40:2; Dan 10:1.

4. צְבָאוֺת, in name of ׳י as God of war, probably first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹחֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1Sam 17:45 ׳י Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later);
a. earliest form with article: אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֺת ׳י Amos 3:13; Amos 6:14; Amos 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי omitted by error, compare We), Hos 12:6.
b. without article, definite by usage, אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֺת ׳י 2Sam 5:10; Amos 5:14; Amos 5:15; Amos 5:16; Amos 6:8; 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14; Jer 5:14; Jer 15:16; Ps 89:9 אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳י Jer 35:17; Jer 38:17; Jer 44:7; Jer 1:27 = 1Chr 17:24; Isa 21:10; Isa 37:16 1st אֱלֹהֵי omitted Jer 7:3; Jer 7:21 + 30 t. Jeremiah; Zeph 2:9 אלהי ישׂראל ׳אלהים צ ׳י Ps 59:6 (אלהים variant of ׳י); שְׁמוֺ ׳צ ׳א ׳י, ׳י God of hosts his name Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27, later reduced to ׳צ ׳י שְׁמוֺ Isa 47:4; Isa 48:2; Isa 51:15; Isa 54:5; Jer 10:16; Jer 31:35 + 6 t. Jeremiah
c. as proper name Sebaoth: צבאות ׳י, ׳י Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never construct אֲדֹנֵי; al. ׳י of hosts, but < names in apposition, since ׳י is proper name; ׳צ for earlier ׳אלהי צ; compare Σαβαωθ Jas 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1Sam 1:3; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 4:4; 1Sam 15:2; 1Sam 17:45; 2Sam 6:2; 2Sam 6:18; 2Sam 7:8; 2Sam 7:26; 1Kgs 18:15; 2Kgs 3:14; 2Kgs 19:31; 1Chr 11:9; 1Chr 17:7; Ps 24:10 + 6 t. Psalms; Mic 4:4; Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Nah 2:12; Nah 5:7; Nah 5:9; Nah 5:16; Nah 5:24 + 35 t. Isa 6-39; Isa², only Isa 44:6; Isa 45:13; Jer 6:6; Jer 6:9; Jer 8:3; Jer 9:6; Jer 9:16 + 26 t. Jeremiah; Hag 1:2; Hag 1:5 + 12 t. Haggai; Zech 1:3 (3 t. in verse); Zech 1:4 + 40 t. Zech 1-8; Zech 9:15 + 8 t. Zechariah 10-14; Mal 1:4; Mal 1:6; Mal 1:8 + 21 t. Malachi; ׳צ ׳האדון י Isa 1:24 + 4 t. Isaiah (including Isa 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for ׳י); ׳צ ׳אֲדֹנָי י Isa 3:15 + (on these phrase see אָדוֺן 1, 6); ׳אלהים צ (׳א later Qr for original ׳י) Ps 80:8; Ps 80:15 ׳אלהים צ ׳י (earlier ׳י + later [inserted] ׳א) Ps 80:5; Ps 80:20; Ps 84:9. — compare Dr^{Hastings DB (1900), LORD OF HOSTS and references}, Löhr^{Amos (Beiheftezur ZAW iv (1900), 38-67)}.

צְבָאוֺת, צִבְאוֺת, צְבָאִים see further I, II. צְבִי.

צְבֹאִים see צְבֹיִים.

hosts, host, war, armies, army, …

ṣābāʾ

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)

that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

army, host

host (of organised army)

תִּקְרְא֖וּ

Root word called, call, cried, cry, read, …

Dictionary form: קָרָא · kaw-RAW

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: shall ye call

called ×80 and called ×71 and he called ×30 call ×30 is called ×15 and she called ×14 was called ×11 and cried ×10

More options

call — Core, most versatile rendering; suits direct address or summons.

cry out — Prefer when urgency, distress, or loud exclamation is in view.

proclaim — Best for public, authoritative announcements or heralds.

read aloud — Use when the text specifies reading a scroll or document.

name — Ideal for the act of giving a name to a person or place.

invite — Suits contexts of summoning guests or extending a formal invitation.

BDB7550 H7121

I. קָרָא₇₂₄ verb call, proclaim, read (Late Hebrew id., read aloud, read; Phoenician קרא call; Arabic read aloud, recite (the '†or°¹n'), the †or°a¹n; Aramaic קְלרא, call, etc., so Old Aramaic קרא, Nabatean id., Palmyrene id., קרה); —

Qal₆₅₅ Perfect ׳ק Gen 11:9 +, 3 feminine singular consecutive וְקָרָזת Isa 7:14 (Ges^{«GKC:74g»§ 74g}); 2 masculine singular קָרָאתָ Judg 12:1 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְרָא Gen 2:19 +; suffix יִקְרְאוֺ Jer 23:6, אֵהוּ- Isa 41:2 +; 1 singular אֶקְרָא Deut 32:3 +, וָאֶקְרָאֶר 1Sam 28:15 (Ges^{«GKC:48d»§ 48d} Nes^{Marg. 15}); 3 feminine plural וַתִּקְרֶאנָה Ruth 4:17 (twice in verse), וַתִּקְרֶאןָ Num 25:2 2 feminine plural תִּקְרֶאנָה Ruth 1:20; Ruth 1:21, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְרָא Judg 7:3 +, suffix קְרָאֵנִי Ps 50:15, etc.; Infinitive construct קְרָא 1Sam 3:6 +, קְראֹות (Baer אֹת-) Judg 8:1 (Ges^{«GKC:74h»§ 74h}); suffix קָרְאִי Ps 4:2 +, etc.; Participle active קוֺרֵא Amos 5:8 +, קֹרֵא Jer 1:15 +; plural קֹרִאים Ps 99:6 (Ges^{«GKC:74i»§§ 74i}; «GKC:75oo»75oo); passive קָרוּא Esth 5:12 plural קְרוּאִים 1Sam 9:22; Ezek 23:23, קְרֻאִים 1Sam 9:13 +; construct קְרוּאֵי Num 1:16 Qr (Kt קריאי), Num 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי, see קָרִיא); —

1. a. call, cry, utter a loud sound, Judg 9:7; 2Sam 18:25 (in v2Sam 18:28 read וַיִּקְרַב We, confirmed by ᵐ5^L so Dr and all recent Comm.), Jer 4:6; Dan 8:16 (all + אמר), 2Kgs 7:11 (on text see Kit Benz), Isa 6:4 for help Gen 39:15; Gen 39:18 (J); of pleading in court Isa 59:4 (ב of manner); explicitly בְּקוֺל גְּדוֺל Gen 39:14 (J), 1Kgs 18:27; 1Kgs 18:28; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:13 = 2Chr 32:18, קוֺל גָּדוֺל Ezek 9:1 (+ בְּאָצְנֵי); with אַחֲרֵי person 1Sam 20:37 (+ אָמַר), 1Sam 24:8 (Gi; v.1Sam 24:9 van d. H. Baer; + לֵאמֹר), Jer 12:6.
b. call cry, object in oratio recta [direct speech] Judg 7:20; 1Sam 3:4 (read שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁמוּאֵל; ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS), v1Sam 3:6 (compare ᵐ5), v1Sam 3:8 (against accents), v1Sam 3:10 (see שְׁמוּאֵל), 1Sam 20:38; 2Sam 20:16; 2Kgs 11:14; Jer 20:8; Lev 13:45 = utter, speak Jer 36:18 of command Gen 45:1 (E).

2. a. call unto some one: אֶל person (often + אָמַר; sometimes with מִן local), Gen 3:9; Gen 19:5; Exod 3:4; Isa 6:3 + often; with עַל (for אֶל) of satyrs Isa 34:14 (so Vrss Ges Che^Comm. and others > recent Comm. from II. קָרָא or קָרָה which (in Qal) always take accusative); unto (אֶלׅ ׳י (God), in praise Ps 66:17; 1Chr 4:10, usually for help, Judg 15:18; 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:18; Hos 7:7 + Hos 3:5; Hos 4:4 +, + עַל person against Deut 15:9; Deut 24:15 to (לׅ ׳י (God) Job 14:14; Ps 57:3; Ps 141:1 to (ל) a servant (for service) 2Kgs 4:36; Job 19:16, so (אֶל) 2Sam 1:15 call to (ל) one Jer 3:4 (+ oratio recta [direct speech]), Lam 4:15 (id.), Prov 2:3 (לְבִינָה); subject ׳י Mic 6:9; Jer 35:17.
b. cry for help, absolute, (in poetry and late) Zech 7:13; Isa 58:9; Isa 65:24; Job 5:1; Job 9:16; Prov 21:13; Ps 4:2; Ps 20:10 + 10 t. Psalms (Ps 147:9 of young ravens); בֵּאָזְנֵי Ezek 8:18.
c. ׳בְּשֵׁם י ׳ק call with name of ׳י (i.e. use it in invocation): Gen 4:26; Gen 12:8; 2Kgs 5:11; Jer 10:25 = Ps 79:6 + 16 t. (1Kgs 18:24 of specific appeal to ׳י to display his power), + Isa 65:1 (see Pu`al); with name of Baal 1Kgs 18:24; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26.
d. late, with accusative dei Isa 43:22; Ps 14:4 + 4 t. Psalms; absolute Ps 116:2.

3. proclaim:
a. with accusative of thing procl. Amos 4:5; Gen 41:43; Deut 15:2; Jer 31:6; Lev 25:10 +; צוֺם ׳ק proclaim a fast 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:12; Jer 36:9 +, ׳מוֺעֲדֵי י ׳ק Lev 23:2; Lev 23:4 ׳ק followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Exod 34:6, etc.; followed by ל person Jer 34:8; Jer 34:15; Jer 34:17 (twice in verse); Isa 61:1, עַל person (against, concerning) 1Kgs 13:4; 1Kgs 13:32; Jer 49:29; Lam 1:15 proclaim peace to (ל person) Judg 21:13 compare אֵלֶיהָ לְשָׁלוֺם ׳ק Deut 20:10 ׳ק with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִקְרָא Isa 1:13, הַקְּרִיאָה Jonah 3:2 (+ אֶל).
b. ׳שֵׁם י ׳ק Deut 32:3; Ps 99:6 so (earlier) ׳בְשֵׁם י ׳ק Exod 33:19; Exod 34:5 (JE); compare בְּשֵׁם יַעֲקֹב ׳ק Isa 44:5 (but read יִקָּרֵא, Lo Che and most).
c. עֲלֵי׳בֵּשׁ ׳ק Ps 49:12 proclaim (with) name over landed estates, claim possession (Hup Bae); proclaim one's own name Ruth 4:11 = become famous; passive participle proclaimed, i.e. renowned Ezek 23:23.
d. absolute make proclamation (sometimes + אָמַר, לֵאמֹר) Judg 7:3; Jer 2:2 (בְּאָוְנֵי) Zech 1:14; Zech 1:17; Jonah 3:4; Isa 40:3; Isa 40:6 +, with עַל concerning Neh 6:7, against 1Kgs 13:2; Jonah 1:3.

4. a. read aloud, often בְּאָוְבֵי, less often לפְנֵי, with ב of roll, book Jer 36:6; Jer 36:8; Jer 36:14; Neh 8:3; Neh 8:8; Neh 9:3; 2Chr 34:18, + accusative of words Jer 36:8; Jer 36:10 object omitted Exod 24:7 (E) Jer 36:15 with acc of roll, book vJer 36:15 vJer 36:21; Jer 51:63; 2Kgs 22:10; 2Chr 34:24, of letter (סֵפֶר), writing 2Kgs 5:7; Isa 29:11; Isa 29:12; Jer 29:29, columns of manuscript Jer 36:23 with accusative of words Josh 8:34; Josh 8:35; Jer 36:6; Jer 51:61; 2Kgs 23:2 = 2Chr 34:30, compare Deut 31:11.
b. read, to oneself, in (ב) a roll, book, Deut 17:19; Neh 8:18, so of vision written on tablets Hab 2:2 with accusative of letter (סֵפֶר) 2Kgs 19:14 = Isa 37:14, book 2Kgs 22:8 absolute Isa 34:16.
c. read, for hear read, 2Kgs 22:16.

5. summon: usually
a. with ל person: Gen 12:18; Gen 20:8; Gen 20:9; Num 22:5; Num 22:20; Num 22:37; Judg 8:1; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Sam 3:8 (twice in verse) + often (c. 100 t.), + ל reflexive 1Kgs 1:28; 1Kgs 1:32, + אֶל location Exod 19:20, + אֶל person 2Sam 9:2, + infinitive purpose Josh 24:9; Judg 12:1; Judg 14:16; 1Sam 28:15, + מִן local Hos 11:1; Judg 4:6 + בִּשְׁמֶ֑ךָ Isa 45:4 summon by thy name; specifically summon = invite (especially to feast) Exod 34:15; Judg 14:15 ( + infinitive purpose) 1Sam 16:3 ( + בַּזָּבַ֑ח, read probably ׳לַזּ see HPS), v1Sam 16:5 ( + ׳לַזּ), 1Kgs 19:26 + (c. 17 t.).
b. with אֶל person Exod 10:24; Josh 4:4; Josh 10:24; 1Kgs 13:21 + (c. 20 t.); אֶל person + ל person (different persons in same relation) Exod 8:21; Jer 42:8 = call for (demand to see), with אֶל person 2Kgs 18:18 with ל of thing = demand, require Prov 18:6 compare Prov 27:16 (probably corrupt, see Toy).
c. with accusative of person Gen 41:8; Gen 41:14; Exod 2:7 ( + ל person), vExod 2:7; Amos 5:16 ( + אֶל of thing), Isa 13:3 (ל of thing), 1Sam 3:16; 1Sam 22:11 + (c. 33 t.), insert וַיַקְרָא in this sense also 2Sam 15:12 ᵐ5^L We Dr and most; + infinitive purpose Num 24:10, מִמִּוְרָח עַיִט ׳ק Isa 46:11 in weakened sense (to bring response, or bring person near) Song 5:6 specifically invite, 1Sam 9:24 (but corrupt, see especially HPS), 1Kgs 1:9 (also + ל, MT), v1Kgs 1:10; 1Kgs 12:20 (+ אֶל location), Deut 33:19 (accusative of location); אֲנִי קָרוּא לָהּ Esth 5:12, passive participle elsewhere plural, invited ones, guests 1Sam 9:13; 1Sam 9:22; 2Sam 15:11; 1Kgs 1:41; 1Kgs 1:49; Zeph 1:7; Prov 9:18 invite or summon (accusative of person) for help, succour, Hos 7:11 usually object ׳י (in poetry and late) Jer 29:12; 2Sam 22:4; 2Sam 22:7 = Ps 18:4; Ps 18:7; Isa 55:6; Lam 3:57; Job 27:10; Ps 50:15; Ps 86:5 + 8 t. Psalms, accusative ׳שֵׁם י Lam 3:55 accusative חכמה Prov 1:28.
d. absolute call, summon Amos 7:4 (+ ל of thing), Isa 22:12 (id.), 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; Zech 7:13 ׳י (God) Isa 52:2; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Job 13:22; Job 14:15, קְרוּאֵי הָעֵדָה Num 1:17 Qr (Kt קְרִיאֵי), Num 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי!)
e. call and commission, appoint, accusative of person, Isa 48:15; Isa 49:1, + בְּשֵׁם by name, specifically, Exod 31:2; Exod 35:30; Isa 43:1; Isa 45:3. feminine call and endow (with privilege) Isa 51:2; Isa 54:5; Isa 55:5.

6. call=name:
a. (early and most common usage), call one's name (שֵׁם) so and so, 2 accusative: of person Gen 3:20; Gen 4:25; Gen 4:26; Gen 5:2; Gen 5:3; Gen 5:29 + 34 t. Genesis; Exod 2:10; Exod 2:22; Hos 1:4; Hos 1:6; Hos 1:9; Isa 7:14; Isa 8:3; Isa 9:5 + 10 t. (Jer 46:17 read קִרְאוּ שֵׁם ᵐ5 Gie and others); of places, etc., Gen 4:17; Gen 11:9 + 17 t. Genesis; Judg 1:17; Judg 1:26; Judg 2:5; Judg 15:19; Judg 18:29 + 21 t.
b. with accusative of appellation ony, Ezek 39:11.
c. accusative of person or location + accusative appellative Hos 2:18; Deut 3:14; Jer 23:6; Isa 58:5; Num 32:41.
d. accusative of person + clause Ps 89:27.
e. = give name to, accusative appellation + ל person (location, or thing): (1) person Hos 2:18; Gen 35:18; 1Sam 4:21; Jer 3:19; Jer 30:17; Jer 33:16 + 9 t.; (2) location, or thing, Judg 18:12; 2Sam 2:16; 2Sam 5:9; 2Sam 6:8; Josh 22:34 (name lost, ᵑ6 Hebrew Manuscripts Ins. עֵד; compare Di Steuern), Gen 1:5 (twice in verse); Gen 1:8; Gen 2:19 (twice in verse); Exod 33:7 + 30 t. + Job 17:14 (ל + sentence including name). feminine with בְּשֵׁם + ל Isa 40:26, compare Isa 65:11 (שֵׁם אַחֵר), Ps 147:4 (שֵׁמוֺת), Ruth 4:17 (שֵׁם + לֵאמֹר), Gen 2:20; Gen 26:18 (twice in verse) (all with שֵׁם).
g. with ל of thing + עַלאשֵׁם 2Sam 18:16.
h. call by ב names the names (accusative) of cities Num 32:38 call to (ב) city, + appelll., + בִּשְׁמוֺ v 42.
i. call cities (accusative) בְּשֵׁם, i.e, specify them, Josh 21:9; 1Chr 6:50 (בְּשֵׁמוֺת). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִקְרָא Jer 4:20 +, 1 singular נִקְרֵאתִי Esth 4:11, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקָּרֵא Gen 2:23 +, וַיִּקָּרֵא Ezek 20:29 +, etc.; Participle נִקְרָא Isa 43:7; Jer 44:26 plural נִקְרָאִים Isa 48:1; Esth 6:1 —

1. reflexive, ׳מֵעִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ נִק Isa 48:2 from the holy city they call themselves.

2. passive be called:
a. be proclaimed (compare Qal 3), of ׳שֵׁם י Jer 44:26 (בְּפֶה instrumental); of man's name = be famous Ruth 4:14 = be announced Jer 4:20.
b. be read aloud compare Qal 4): impersonal with ב of book, + בְּאָוְנֵי Neh 13:1 subject records Esth 6:1 (לפְנֵי).
c. be summoned (compare Qal 5: Isa 31:4 (עַל against); Esth 3:12; Esth 4:11 (twice in verse); 8: 9; + בְּשֵׁם, i.e. specifically, Esth 2:14,
d. be named (compare

Qal 6.): (I) appell. subject + ל person Gen 2:23 to her shall be called 'woman', 1Sam 9:9; Isa 32:5; Isa 62:4; Isa 62:12; Prov 16:21 + ל location 2Sam 18:18; Isa 1:26; Isa 35:8; Jer 19:6. (2) ׳וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֺ ונו Deut 25:10, so Gen 35:10; Dan 10:1; Ezek 20:29 (of place); אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ Ezek 20:29. (3) ׳וגו ׳וְנִקְרְאָה יְרוּשׁ Zech 8:3, so land Deut 3:18, temple Isa 56:7. (4) especially עַל ׳נִקְרָא שֵׁם י, denoting ownership, of person Jer 15:16, people Deut 28:10; Jer 14:9; Amos 9:12; Isa 63:19; 2Chr 7:14, ark 2Sam 6:2 (strike out 2nd שֵׁם ᵐ5 We Dr and others), = 1Chr 13:6 (adding עָלָיו Oettli Kau; > Kit^Hpt שְׁמוֺ שָׁם), temple 1Kgs 8:43 = 2Chr 6:33; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:11; Jer 7:14; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:34; Jer 34:15, city Jer 25:29; Dan 9:18, city + people vDan 9:19 so name of man 2Sam 12:28, as given to his wife Isa 4:1 (5) be called עַל שֵׁם, i.e. reckoned to, Gen 48:6; Isa 54:5; Isa 61:6 עַלאשֵׁבֶט 1Chr 23:14, compare Ezra 2:61 = Neh 7:63. (6) be called בְּשֵׁם Isa 43:7; Isa 48:1. (7) ךְָָ זָ֑רַע ׳בְּיִצְתָק יִקּ Gen 21:12, i.e. in (through) ׳יִצ shall seed be reckoned to three; וְיִקָּרֵא בָהֶם שְׁמִי Gen 48:16 through them shall my name be called, i.e. perpetuated. (8) be named = menationed, of person Isa 14:20 (9) subject שֵׁם Eccl 6:10, i.e. thing is known. Pu`al (Ezekiel and Isa²) Perfect 3 masculine singular קֹרָא be called, subject appell. + ל person or of thing = be named, Isa 48:8; Ezek 10:13 (׳קוֺ); וְקֹרָא consecutive Isa 58:12; Isa 61:3; Isa 62:2 (שֵׁם חָדָשׁ); גּוֺי לאֹ קֹרָא בִּשְׁמִי Isa 65:1 (< קָרָא or קֹרֵא [Qal 2 c], Vrss Lo Ew Che Di and others); be called and privileged (compare Qal 5 f); Participle מְקרָאִי ׳יִש Isa 48:12.

BDB9869 H7123 H7121

[קְרָא] verb call, read out, aloud (see Biblical Hebrew I. קרא); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְרֵה Dan 5:7, 1 singular אֶקְרֵא vDan 5:17 3 masculine plural יִקְרוֺן vDan 5:15 Infinitive לְמִקְרֵא vDan 5:8 vDan 5:16 Participle active קָרֵא Dan 3:4 +; —

1. call, proclaim, בְּהַיִל: Dan 3:4; Dan 4:11; Dan 5:7

2. read out, aloud, accusative כְּתָבָא Dan 5:7; Dan 5:8; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 5:17 (ל person). Pe`îl (W^{CG 225}) Perfect 3 masculine singular קֱרִי Ezra 4:18; Ezra 4:23 it was read, קֳדָם person Hithpe`el be summoned, Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְקְרֵי Dan 5:12.

called, call, cried, cry, read, …

qārāʾ

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

(Qal)

to call, cry, utter a loud sound

to call oneself

אִ֣ישׁ

Root word man, men, one, husband, mans, …

Dictionary form: אִישׁ · eesh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: every man

man ×241 men ×209 a man ×163 every man ×120 the men ×118 the man ×107 every one ×81 one ×57

More options

man — Default singular; covers most direct references to an adult male.

person — Gender-neutral; prefer when context stresses individuality over sex.

husband — Use specifically in marriage or household relationship contexts.

someone — Indefinite pronoun; suits partitive or existential constructions.

everyone — Distributive sense; fits 'each/every man' idioms.

fellow — Informal register; good for relational or contemptuous contexts.

BDB389 H376 H381 H382

אִישׁ₂₁₆₆ noun masculine man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Phoenician אש, perhaps also Sabean אסם compare Prät^l.c, but DHM^{ZMG 1883, 330}) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:23 +; construct Gen 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Gen 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Ps 141:4 + 2 t. (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gen 12:20 +, from √ אנשׁ q. v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judg 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשַׁי 1Sam 23:12 etc.; — man, opposed to woman Gen 2:23; Gen 2:24; Lev 20:27; Num 5:6; Deut 17:2f; Josh 6:21; Josh 8:25; Jer 40:7, emphasis on sexual distinction & relation Gen 19:8; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:25; Exod 22:15; Lev 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַ֑ע) vLev 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה ׳זֿ׳אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ) Lev 20:10 f; Num 5:13f; Deut 22:22f; Isa 4:1 +; thence = husband, especially with suffix Gen 3:6; Gen 3:16; Gen 16:3; Gen 29:32; Gen 29:34; Lev 21:7; Num 30:7f; Deut 28:56; Judg 13:8f; Ruth 1:3f; 1Sam 25:19; Jer 29:6; Ezek 16:45 +; figurative of ׳י as husband of Israel אִישִׁי Hos 2:18 (opposed to בַּעְלִּי); man as procreator, father Eccl 6:3 of male child Gen 4:1 compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 1:11 man, opposed to beast Exod 11:7; Lev 20:15 (compare אָדָם); compare figurative Ps 22:7 but also of male of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse) (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֺ); man, opposed to God Gen 32:29; Num 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (|| וּבֶןאָֿדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם); Job 9:32; Job 32:13; Hos 11:9 compare Isa 31:8; Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּלבְּֿשַׂר אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2Sam 7:14 (|| נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 [

**אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 is textual error; We (apparently Sm) אֲנֻשִׁים; Toy^Hpt אוֺנִים (Hos 9:4).] (compare Isa 8:1); אַמַּתאִֿישׁ Deut 3:11 but also contracted אָדָם Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10 man, as valiant 1Sam 4:9 (twice in verse) (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1Kgs 2:2 compare 1Sam 26:15 so אִישׁ חַיִל 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Kgs 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Num 31:49; Deut 2:14; Deut 2:16; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:6 +; even of ׳י Exod 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; often prefixed to other nouns in apposition אָדוֺן ׳א Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33, שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט ׳א Exod 2:14, כֹּהֵן ׳א Lev 21:9, סָרִיס ׳א Jer 38:7 particular before adjective, of a people אִישׁ מִצְרִי Gen 39:1; Exod 2:11; Exod 2:19 compare Gen 37:28; Gen 38:1; Gen 38:2; Gen 39:14; 1Sam 17:12; 1Sam 30:11; 1Sam 30:13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Num 25:6; Judg 10:1 + (so Phoenician); usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1Sam 7:11; 1Sam 31:7 (twice in verse) compare Josh 7:4; Josh 7:5 +; also singularcollective Deut 27:14; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Judg 20:11; 1Sam 11:8 (see Dr) +; 2Sam 10:6; 2Sam 10:8 (טוֺב ׳א); (so MI¹⁰; MI¹³); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1Sam 18:27; 1Sam 23:3 f 1Sam 24:3; 1Sam 25:13 + compare Deut 33:8 singular collective see Di; אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים man of God = prophet Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6; 1Sam 9:6f; 1Kgs 12:13f + (see אלהים); in phrase followed by abstract אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה ׳א see above; שֵׂיבָה ׳א Deut 32:25, הַדָּמִים ׳א 2Sam 16:7 compare see 8, הַבְּלִיַּעַל ׳א 2Sam 16:7, מָוֶת ׳א 1Kgs 2:26, חָמָס ׳א Ps 140:12; Prov 3:31 +; followed by word of occupation, etc. שָׂדֶה׳א Gen 25:27, הָאֲדָמָה׳א Gen 9:20 (compare Zech 13:5), ׳א הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1Sam 17:4 (compare Dr) v1Sam 17:23, בְּשׂרָה ׳א 2Sam 18:20, אִישׁ עֲצָתוֺ his counsellor Isa 40:13, compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1Kgs 20:42, רֵעִים ׳א Prov 18:24 often distributive = each, every Gen 9:5; Gen 10:5; Gen 40:5 (twice in verse); Exod 12:3 +; including women Job 42:11; 1Chr 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָלאִֿישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּרלֶֿחֶם; of inanimate things 1Kgs 7:30; 1Kgs 7:36 also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exod 36:4; Num 4:19; Num 4:49; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 +; any one Exod 34:3 (twice in verse); Exod 34:24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lev 15:2; Lev 22:4; Lev 22:18 +; of gods 2Kgs 18:33 = Isa 36:18 one...another וְהִרְגוּ אִישֿׁ אֶתאָֿחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶתרֵֿעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶתקְֿרֹבוֺExod 32:27, אִישׁ ֗֗֗ אָחִיו Deut 1:16; Mic 7:2 (see אָח), אִישׁרֵ֗֗֗עֵהוּ Gen 11:3; Gen 11:7 + (see רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gen 15:10.

man, men, one, husband, mans, …

ʾîš

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

man

man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

לְ רֵעֵ ֑הוּ

לְ

Prefix — preposition to, for

רֵעֵ

Root word neighbour, neighbours, friend, another, friends, …

֑הוּ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: רֵעַ · RAY-ah

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his neighbour

his neighbour ×32 another ×17 his neighbours ×10 against his neighbour ×6 thy neighbours ×6 of his neighbour ×5 friends ×4 of his friend ×4

More options

neighbor — Most common sense; updated spelling from KJV 'neighbour'.

friend — Use when relational warmth or closeness is implied.

fellow — Good for peer or associate in a group context.

companion — Emphasizes ongoing closeness or shared experience.

associate — Neutral; suits legal or formal contractual contexts.

another person — Best when רֵעַ means 'one another' or 'each other'.

BDB7824 H7452 H7453 H7454

I. רֵעַ verbal noun shouting, roar, but dubious; — קוֺל הָעָם בְּרֵעֹה֯ Exod 32:17 (E) sound of the people as they shouted (read Infinitive construct בָּרִעֹה for בְּהָרִיעוֺ, compare √5); יַגִּיד עָלָיו רֵע֑וֺ Job 36:33 the roar thereof telleth of him (< רַעְמוֺ his thunder, so Bu); לָמָּה תָרִיעִי רֵעַ Mic 4:9 why criest thou out with a crying? i.e. so loudly (but see √

6. ). — II. III. רֵעַ see רעה. p. 945f

BDB8001 H7453 H7452 H7454

II. רֵעַ₁₈₇ noun masculine^{Prov 17:17} friend, companion, fellow; — ׳ר absolute 2Sam 13:3 +, construct 1Chr 27:33 suffix רֵעִי Job 31:9 +, רֵעְַךָ Deut 5:17 +, רֵעֶ֑ךָ Exod 2:13 +, also רֵעֶיךָ 2Sam 12:11 (singular; Ges^{«GKC:93ss»§ 93ss}), רֵעֵ֫הוּ (Ges^{«GKC:84»§ 84} a i) Gen 11:3 + 114 t., רֵעוֺ Jer 6:21, רֵעָהּ, Jer 3:30 plural רֵעִים Jer 3:1 +, construct רֵעֵי Job 2:11 suffix רֵעָיו Job 32:3, רֵעֵ֫הו (Ges^{«GKC:91k»§ 91k}) Job 42:10; 1Sam 30:26, etc.; —
l. friend, intimate, Gen 38:12; Gen 38:20(J), 1Sam 30:26; 2Sam 13:3; 1Kgs 16:11 (ᵐ5 omitted); רִעֲךָ אֲשֶׁר כְּנַפְשְׁךָ Deut 13:7, מֶתֶק רֵעֵהוּ Prov 27:9 (text dubious see Toy); Mic 7:5 (|| אַלוּף), Jer 9:3 (|| אָח), Jer 19:9; Lam 1:2 ( + אֹהֲבֶיהָ), Ps 35:14 (|| אָח) + 3 t. Psalms; especially Job 2:11; Job 6:14 + 8 t. Job; Prov 17:17; Prov 18:24 + 8 t. Proverbs ( Prov 12:26 see מֵרֵעַ below), Song 5:1 (|| דּוֺדִים); associates Zech 3:8 technical term הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ר 1Chr 27:33 (see רֵעֶה), compare 2Sam 16:17 (twice in verse); of lover Song 5:16 (|| דּוֺדִי), husband Jer 3:20, paramours Hos 3:1; Jer 3:1 metaphor רֵעַ לִבְנוֺת יַעֲנָה Job 30:29 (|| אָח לְתַנִּים).

2. in weaker sense, fellow, fellow-citizen, even another person,, with whom one stands in reciprocal relations, Exod 2:13; Exod 20:16; Exod 20:17 (3 t. in verse) (Gi vExod 20:13 vExod 20:14 vExod 20:14 vExod 20:14) = Deut 5:17; Deut 5:18 (3 t. in verse), Exod 21:14; Exod 22:7; Exod 22:8; Exod 22:10; Exod 22:25 (all E), Lev 19:13; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 20:10 (all H), Deut 4:42; Deut 15:2 (twice in verse) + 11 t. Deuteronomy; Josh 20:5 (D), Judg 7:14; Jer 9:7; Jer 22:13; Jer 29:23; Jer 22:11; Jer 22:12; Ps 15:3; Ps 28:3; Ps 101:5; Prov 3:28; Prov 3:29; Prov 6:1 (|| זָר !) + 18 t. Proverbs; וְרֵעוֺ שָׁכֵן Jer 6:21; 1Sam 15:28 hath given (the kingdom) to thy fellow, = another than thou, so 1Sam 28:17; 2Sam 12:11 so also אִישׁ ֗֗֗ רֵעֵהוּ a (given, certain) man over against his fellow (different from 3) Exod 21:18; Exod 21:35; Exod 22:6; Exod 22:9; Exod 22:13; Exod 33:11 (all E), Deut 19:11; Deut 22:26; Judg 7:13; 1Kgs 8:31; 1Kgs 20:35; Jer 7:5; 1Chr 6:22; Ruth 3:14; Eccl 4:4 similarly שָׂעִיר אֶלרֵֿעֵהוּ Isa 34:14.

3. in reciprocal phrase אִישׁ ֗֗֗ רֵעֵהו Gen 11:3 they said one to another (אִישׁ distributive), each the speech of the other vGen 11:7, absent one from the other Gen 31:49, compare Gen 43:33 (all J), Exod 11:2; Exod 18:7; Exod 18:16; Exod 32:27 (all E), Judg 6:29; Judg 7:22; Judg 10:18; 2Sam 2:16 (twice in verse) + 4 t. 1 Samuel; 2Kgs 3:23; 2Kgs 7:3; 2Kgs 7:9; 2Chr 20:23; Isa 3:5 (|| אִישׁ בְּאִישׁ), Isa 13:8; Isa 19:2 (|| אִישׁ בְּאָתִיו) Isa 41:6; Jer 5:8 + 11 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 33:26; Zech 3:10 + 6 t. Zechariah (Zech 11:6 read רֹעֵהוּ Sta^{ZAW i (1881), 26}); Mal 3:16; Jonah 1:7 so of things Gen 15:10 (J). — I. רֵעַ see רוע. p.929 below

BDB8006 H7468 H7453

I. רְעוּת noun feminine fellow (-woman); — suffix in reciprocal phrase אִשָּׁה מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ Exod 11:2 (E) each from her fellow (|| אִישׁ מֵאֵת רֵעֵהוּ, compare II. רֵעַ 3); compare Jer 9:19 of birds of prey (דַיּוֺת) Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 people under figure of sheep Zech 11:9 רְעוּתָהּ Esth 1:19 = another than she (compare 1Sam 15:28 II. רֵעַ 2).

neighbour, neighbours, friend, another, friends, …

rēaʿ

an associate (more or less close)

friend, companion, fellow, another person

friend, intimate

אֶל

Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …

Dictionary form: אֵל · ale

Preposition

In the KJV here: under

unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58

More options

to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.

toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.

into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.

against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.

upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.

concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.

BDB420 H413

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
(a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
(b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
(c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; W^{AG ii. § 51 c}).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
(a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
(b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare Dr^{Sm i. 13, 13}; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

unto, to, into, upon, against, …

ʾēl

near, with or among; often in general, to

to, toward, unto (of motion)

in among

תַּ֥חַת

Preposition under, stead, for, instead, place, …

Dictionary form: תַּחַת · ta-HAHT

Preposition

under ×138 in his stead ×70 for ×51 and under ×20 from under ×20 instead of ×13 beneath ×12 instead ×11

More options

under — Default spatial sense; below or beneath something.

beneath — Slightly more emphatic or literary than 'under'.

instead of — Substitution sense; one thing replacing another.

in place of — Substitution sense; slightly more formal than 'instead of'.

because of — Causal sense; use when context implies consequence or reason.

in exchange for — Commercial or reciprocal contexts; stresses equivalence.

BDB9138 H8478

תַּחַת noun [masculine] the under part (Arabic id.), hence as adverb accusative and preposition underneath, below, instead of (so Arabic , Sabean תחת, Ethiopic Phoenician תחת (Lzb³⁸⁵); Biblical Aramaic ᵑ7, תְּחוֺת, Palmyrene in מן לתחת Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke³²⁰), Syriac ); —

1. as adverb accusative Gen 49:25 (= Deut 33:13) the deep רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִן, מִתָּחַת literally off (מִן 1 c) the under part = beneath, Exod 20:4 (= Deut 5:8) בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת (so Deut 4:39; Josh 2:1l 1Kgs 8:23 [both D²], Isa 51:6), Deut 33:27; Judg 7:8; Amos 2:9; Isa 14:9; Job 18:16; Ezek 47:1b II. as preposition; so construct, and with suffix (usually in the plural, and so literally in the parts underneath) תַּחְתַּי Hab 3:16+, חַתֵּנִי (compare בַּעֲדֵנִי, עוֺדֶנִּי: Ges^{«GKC:103d»§ 103d}) 2Sam 22:37; 2Sam 22:40; 2Sam 22:48 (Ps 18:37; Ps 18:40; Ps 18:48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֺ 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 3:12; 2Sam 16:8; Job 9:13), תֵּחְתֶּיהָ Lev 13:23 + 16 t., תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה (compare אֵינֶנָּה, עוֺדֶנָּה) Gen 2:21 תַּחְתֵּינוּ 1Sam 14:9; Ps 47:4 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Josh 2:14; Amos 2:13 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Num 16:31; 1Kgs 20:24; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22; 2Chr 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1Kgs 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Deut 2:12 + 10 t., תַּחְתֵּקהֶן Jer 28:13 —

1. under, beneath, Gen 7:19 הַשָּׁמַיִם תַּחַת כָּלֿ under the whole heaven (so Deut 2:25; Deut 4:19; Job 28:24; Job 37:3; Job 41:3; Dan 9:12), Dan 18:4 הָעֵץ ׳ת, Dan 21:15; Dan 24:2 + often; Job 30:14 שׁוֺאָה ׳תּ under the crash they roll themselves against me; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ ׳ת Eccl 1:3; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:13 + often Ecclesiastes (so in Phoenician, Cooke^{4. 7; 5. 12}). With לְ 2Chr 4:3 תַּחַת לוֺ, Song 2:6 = Song 8:3 לְראֹשִׁי ׳ת. Idiomatic
a. תַּחַת הָהָר at the foot of the mountain, Exod 24:4; Deut 4:11, so Deut 3:17 ׳אַשְׁדֹּת הַפִּסְגָּה ת Josh 11:3; Josh 11:17 +; figurative Ps 18:37 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּרְחִיד אְעָדַי thou broadenest mysteps under me, Job 36:15 רַחַב לאֹ מוּצָק תַּחְתֶּיךָ (so read for תחתיה, Di Bu) breadth unstraitened is beneath thee.
b. ׳הַלָּשׁוֺן ת, of something held there as a dainty morsel, and ready, when needed, to be brought out, figurative of sweetness Song 4:11, of evil Ps 10:7 ׳לְשֹׁנוֺ עָמָל וָאָוֶן ת, Job 20:12 (so שְׁפָתֵימוֺ ׳ת Ps 140:4), of praise Ps 66:17 לְשֹׁנוֺ ׳וְרוֺמַם ת (synonym בִּגְרוֺנָם Ps 149:6).
c. ׳תַּחַת פ:
(a) of subjection, Ps 18:40 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּכְּ רִיעַ קָמַי, vPs 18:48 (compare Ps 47:4; Ps 144:2), Ps 45:6; Job 9:13.
(b) of a woman, אִישָׁתּ ׳ת, i.e. under his authority, Num 5:19; Num 5:20; Num 5:29, so Ezek 23:5 תַּחְתַּי being under me = being mine (figurative of Israel as ׳י's spouse), compare ὕπανδρος Rom 7:2, and Qor 66:10.
(c) of being burdened or oppressed under, Isa 24:5 the earth יָֽשְׁבֶיהָ ׳הָֽנְפָה ת, Prov 30:21 שָׁלוֺשׁ רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ ׳ת, vProv 30:22 vProv 30:23; Hab 3:7 אָיֶן ׳ת i.e. (si vera 1.) suffering under calamity.
d. ׳יַד פ ׳ת, of authority or control, Gen 41:35 יַד פַּרְעֹה ׳וְיִצְבְּרוּ בָר ת; Judg 3:30 (compare Ps 106:42), 1Sam 21:4; 1Sam 21:5 (strike out אֶל; dittograph חֹל), v.1Sam 21:9; Isa 3:6.
e. ׳רַגְלֵי פ ׳ת, of subjection or conquest, Ps 8:7 רַגְלָיו כֹּל ׳שַׁתָּה ת, Ps 18:39; Ps 47:4; Lam 3:34, compare Mal 3:31.

2. what is under one, the place in which one stands: hence as accusative,
a. with reflexive pronoun, idiomatic, in one's place, where one stands, Exod 16:29 תַּחְתָּיו שְׁבוּ אִישׁ abide every one in his place, Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28; Josh 5:8; Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 וְעָמַדְנוּ תַחְתֵּינוּ we will remain where we are, 2Sam 2:23 וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּו he died where he was (compare Jer 38:9 [read וּמֵת]), Jer 7:10; Isa 25:10; Isa 46:7; Amos 2:13; Hab 3:16 וְתַחְתַּי אֶרְגָּ֑ז I tremble where I stand, Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Job 36:20; Job 40:12 תַּחְתָּם
b. in transferred sense, in place of, instead of: (a) Gen 2:18; Gen 4:25 הֶבֶל ׳ת instead of Abel, Gen 22:13 בְּנוֺ ׳ת, Gen 30:2 אלהיס אנכי ׳הֲת (compare Gen 50:19), Gen 44:33; 2Sam 19:1 + often; Job 16:4; Isa 3:24; Isa 55:13; Isa 61:3; Isa 61:7 of one succeeding to the place of another, תַּחְתָּיו וַיִּמְחֹ Gen 36:33-49 1Kgs 8:20; 1Kgs 11:43; 1Kgs 14:20 + often, Deut 2:12; Deut 2:21 וַיֵָּֽשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם, Lev 16:32; 1Kgs 2:35 +; Ps 45:17 in place of thy fathers (whom thou mayest therefore forget) will be thy children. compare in Ph CIS^i.3.9 (Cooke³⁰). Sq. infinitive Isa 60:15 הֱיוֺתֵח ׳ת instead of thy being . . . Peculiarly Job 34:26 (si vera lectio)= as if they were, like; but text very dubious; Bi Bu תָּחֵת חֲמָתוֺ רְשָׁעִ֑ים his wrath breaketh in pieces the wicked. (b) in particular, of things mutually interchanged, in place of, in exchange or return for: Gen 30:15 דּוּדָאֵי בְנֵח ׳ת in return, for thy son's love-apples, Exod 21:23) גֶפְשׁlife for life, vExod 21:24 vExod 21:25 vExod 21:26 vExod 21:27 vExod 21:36 v.Exod 22:37, Josh 2:14 נַפְשֵׁנוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם לָמוּת, 1Sam 2:20; 1Kgs 20:39 נפשׁו ׳נפשׁך ת, v1Kgs 20:42 (compare 2Kgs 10:24), 2Kgs 21:2; Isa 43:3; Isa 43:4 often with verbs of requiting, Gen 44:4 טוֺבָם ׳לָ֫מּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה ת why have ye rewarded evil in exchange for good ? 1Sam 25:21; 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 19:22; Ps 35:12 טוֺבָה ׳יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי דָעָה ת, Ps 38:21a; Ps 109:4; Ps 109:5; Prov 17:3 +; Jer 5:19 תַּחַת מֶה in return for what? (compare עַלמֶֿה Jer 22:8; Deut 29:23; 1Kgs 9:8). So followed by infinitive Ps 38:21b.

3. as conjunction: a. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר:
(a) instead of that (German. anstatt dass), Deut 28:62 הֱיִיתֶם ׳א ׳ת instead of that ye were..., instead of your being.., Ezek 36:34. (b) in return for (the fact) that, because that (ᵐ5 ἀνθ’ ὧν Amos 1:3 + often), Num 25:13 ׳אֲשֶׁר קִנָּא לא ׳ת, Deut 21:14; Deut 22:29; Deut 28:47; 1Sam 26:21; 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25; Isa 53:12; Jer 29:19; Jer 50:7; 2Chr 21:12.
b. תַּחַת כִּי Deut 4:37 (but ? read : וֶַתּחִי as end of vDeut 4:36), Prov 1:29. compare עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר (כִּיׅ. III compounds: —

1. אֶלתַּֿחַת, after a verb of motion:
a. (in) under, Judg 6:19 וַיּוֺצֵא אֶלֿ הָאֵלָה ׳ת, 1Kgs 8:6 (|| 2Chr 5:7), Jer 3:6; Jer 38:11 (on 1Sam 21:5 see II. 1 d); after קָרָא Zech 3:10: so ׳לְ ׳אֶלתֿ Ezek 10:2.
b. into the place of, Lev 14:42.

2. מִתַּחַת (= ὑπ’ ἐκ):
a. alone, from under, from beneath as מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם Gen 1:7, and especially after such verbs as שִׁחֵת Gen 6:17, מָחֶה Exod 17:14; Deut 9:14; Deut 25:19; Deut 29:19; 2Kgs 14:27, הֶאֲבִיד Deut 7:24, compare Lam 3:66; Ezek 47:1 a מִפְּתַּן ׳מִתּ הַבַּיִת, Prov 22:27 לָ֫מָּה יִקַח מִשְׁכָּֽבְּךָ מִּתַּחְתֶּיךָ; Exod 6:6; Exod 6:7 סִבְלוֺת מִצְרַיִם ׳מִתּ, Hos 4:12 אֱלֹהֵיהֶם ׳וַיִּזְנוּ מִתּ (compare II. 1 c a, b); ׳יַד פ ׳מִתּ (compare II. 1 d) from under the hand (power) of ... Exod 18:10; 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22; 2Kgs 13:5; 2Kgs 17:7 +; מִתַּחְתָּיו (compare II. 2 a) from his place Exod 10:23; Zech 6:12. Rarely = תַּחַת or ׳מִתַּחַת לְ, Gen 1:9 (P) Ezek 1:8; Ezek 42:9; Ezek 46:23; Job 26:5.
b. ׳מִתַּחַת לְ (opposed to ׳מִמַּעַל לְ) under, beneath: Gen 1:17 ׳הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מִתּ לָרָקִיעַ, Exod 20:4 הַמַּיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ (so Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8), Judg 3:16 לְמַדָּיו ׳מִתּ, Jer 38:12 +; of locality, Gen 35:8 לְבֵיתְאֵל ׳מִתּ, 1Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 4:12.
c. ׳לְמִתַּחַת לְ ( compare מִן 9 b), id quod ׳מִתַּחַת לְ 1Kgs 7:32.

BDB9998 H8460 H8478 H8479

תְּחוֺת preposition under (Biblical Hebrew תַּחַתּ; ᵑ7 תְּחוֺת, Syriac , , adverb ; Palmyrene מן לתחת Cooke³²⁰); — Dan 7:27 תְּחוֺת כָּלשְֿׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew II. 1); in plural with suffix (as Biblical Hebrew, Syriac, ᵑ7) Dan 4:9 תְּחֹתֹהִי (so ᵑ7^Onk Lev 15:10: Dalm^{§ 47, 2}), vLev 15:18. With מִן, Jer 10:11 מִן תְּחוֺת שְׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew III. 2); suffix Dan 4:11 מִןתַּֿחְתּוֺהִי (the form as Syriac adverb above, unless a Hebraizing punct.).

under, stead, for, instead, place, …

taḥat

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas

(n m) the under part

at the foot of (idiom)

in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)

גֶּ֖פֶן

Root word vine, vines, tree

Dictionary form: גֶּפֶן · ɡeh-PEN

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the vine

the vine ×9 vine ×8 a vine ×3 and the vine ×3 as the vine ×2 his vine ×2 of the vine ×2 their vines ×2

More options

vine — Most natural modern equivalent; fits nearly all contexts.

grapevine — More specific; clarifies the plant when context is ambiguous.

grape plant — Plain descriptive term for non-specialist or children's texts.

vineyard plant — Use when agricultural or vineyard setting is emphasized.

climbing vine — Highlights the plant's growth habit in poetic or figurative passages.

BDB1723 H1612

גֶּ֫פֶן noun feminine^{Judg 9:13} + (masculine only Hos 10:1, perhaps influence of יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Kgs 4:39) vine (Late Hebrew id., Arabic (Yemen), Assyrian gapnu, compare Zehnpf^{BAS i. 633}; Aramaic גּוֺפַן, גֶּפֶן, , plural ) — ׳ג Gen 40:9 + 38 t. (also construct, as Num 6:4; Deut 32:32; Isa 16:8; Isa 16:9), גָּ֑פֶן Judg 9:12 + 2 t.; suffix גַּפְנִי Joel 1:7, גַּפְנְךָ Jer 5:17, גַּפְנוֺ 1Kgs 5:5 = 3 t., גַּפְנָהּ Hos 2:14, גַּפְנָם Deut 32:32 + 2 t.; plural גְּפָנִים Song 2:13; Hab 3:17 — vine (always grape-bearing except 2Kgs 4:39) Gen 40:9; Gen 40:10 (in dream) Gen 49:11; Num 20:5; Deut 8:8; Judg 9:12; Judg 9:13 (in allegory) 1Kgs 5:5; 2Kgs 18:31 = Isa 36:16; Ps 78:47; Ps 105:33; Song 2:13; Song 6:11; Song 7:13; Isa 7:23; Isa 24:7; Isa 32:12; Jer 5:17; Jer 8:13; Hos 2:14; Joel 1:7; Joel 1:12; Joel 2:22; Mic 4:4; Hab 3:17; Hag 2:19; Zech 2:10; Zech 8:12; גֶּפֶן שָׂדֶה a vine bearing poisonous gourds 2Kgs 4:39 גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן Num 6:4 (compare Gen 40:10; Judg 9:13) Judg 13:14 אֶשְׁכְּלוֺת הַגֶּפֶן Song 8:9 עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ezek 15:2; Ezek 15:6 in simile of stars fading away at Yahweh's judgment Isa 34:4 in simile of wicked losing early promise Job 15:33 in simile of wife Ps 128:3 figurative of Israel Ps 80:9; Ps 80:15; Ezek 17:6 (twice in verse); Ezek 17:7; Ezek 17:8; Hos 10:1 compare Ezek 19:10; Jer 2:21; Jer 6:9 also Hos 14:8 figurative of Israel as easily destroyed Ezek 15:2; Ezek 15:6 figurative of godless enemies of Israel Deut 32:32 compare Di; גֶּפֶן שִׂבְמָה figurative for prosperity of Moab Isa 16:8; Isa 16:9; Jer 48:32. — On the vine in Syria compare Anderlind^{ZPV 1888, 160 ff}.

vine, vines, tree

gepen

a vine (as twining), especially the grape

vine, vine tree

of Israel (figuratively)

וְ אֶל

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אֶל

Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …

Dictionary form: אֵל · ale

Preposition

In the KJV here: and under

unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58

More options

to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.

toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.

into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.

against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.

upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.

concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.

BDB420 H413

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
(a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
(b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
(c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; W^{AG ii. § 51 c}).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
(a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
(b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare Dr^{Sm i. 13, 13}; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

unto, to, into, upon, against, …

ʾēl

near, with or among; often in general, to

to, toward, unto (of motion)

in among

תַּ֥חַת

Preposition under, stead, for, instead, place, …

Dictionary form: תַּחַת · ta-HAHT

Preposition

under ×138 in his stead ×70 for ×51 and under ×20 from under ×20 instead of ×13 beneath ×12 instead ×11

More options

under — Default spatial sense; below or beneath something.

beneath — Slightly more emphatic or literary than 'under'.

instead of — Substitution sense; one thing replacing another.

in place of — Substitution sense; slightly more formal than 'instead of'.

because of — Causal sense; use when context implies consequence or reason.

in exchange for — Commercial or reciprocal contexts; stresses equivalence.

BDB9138 H8478

תַּחַת noun [masculine] the under part (Arabic id.), hence as adverb accusative and preposition underneath, below, instead of (so Arabic , Sabean תחת, Ethiopic Phoenician תחת (Lzb³⁸⁵); Biblical Aramaic ᵑ7, תְּחוֺת, Palmyrene in מן לתחת Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke³²⁰), Syriac ); —

1. as adverb accusative Gen 49:25 (= Deut 33:13) the deep רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִן, מִתָּחַת literally off (מִן 1 c) the under part = beneath, Exod 20:4 (= Deut 5:8) בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת (so Deut 4:39; Josh 2:1l 1Kgs 8:23 [both D²], Isa 51:6), Deut 33:27; Judg 7:8; Amos 2:9; Isa 14:9; Job 18:16; Ezek 47:1b II. as preposition; so construct, and with suffix (usually in the plural, and so literally in the parts underneath) תַּחְתַּי Hab 3:16+, חַתֵּנִי (compare בַּעֲדֵנִי, עוֺדֶנִּי: Ges^{«GKC:103d»§ 103d}) 2Sam 22:37; 2Sam 22:40; 2Sam 22:48 (Ps 18:37; Ps 18:40; Ps 18:48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֺ 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 3:12; 2Sam 16:8; Job 9:13), תֵּחְתֶּיהָ Lev 13:23 + 16 t., תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה (compare אֵינֶנָּה, עוֺדֶנָּה) Gen 2:21 תַּחְתֵּינוּ 1Sam 14:9; Ps 47:4 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Josh 2:14; Amos 2:13 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Num 16:31; 1Kgs 20:24; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22; 2Chr 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1Kgs 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Deut 2:12 + 10 t., תַּחְתֵּקהֶן Jer 28:13 —

1. under, beneath, Gen 7:19 הַשָּׁמַיִם תַּחַת כָּלֿ under the whole heaven (so Deut 2:25; Deut 4:19; Job 28:24; Job 37:3; Job 41:3; Dan 9:12), Dan 18:4 הָעֵץ ׳ת, Dan 21:15; Dan 24:2 + often; Job 30:14 שׁוֺאָה ׳תּ under the crash they roll themselves against me; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ ׳ת Eccl 1:3; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:13 + often Ecclesiastes (so in Phoenician, Cooke^{4. 7; 5. 12}). With לְ 2Chr 4:3 תַּחַת לוֺ, Song 2:6 = Song 8:3 לְראֹשִׁי ׳ת. Idiomatic
a. תַּחַת הָהָר at the foot of the mountain, Exod 24:4; Deut 4:11, so Deut 3:17 ׳אַשְׁדֹּת הַפִּסְגָּה ת Josh 11:3; Josh 11:17 +; figurative Ps 18:37 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּרְחִיד אְעָדַי thou broadenest mysteps under me, Job 36:15 רַחַב לאֹ מוּצָק תַּחְתֶּיךָ (so read for תחתיה, Di Bu) breadth unstraitened is beneath thee.
b. ׳הַלָּשׁוֺן ת, of something held there as a dainty morsel, and ready, when needed, to be brought out, figurative of sweetness Song 4:11, of evil Ps 10:7 ׳לְשֹׁנוֺ עָמָל וָאָוֶן ת, Job 20:12 (so שְׁפָתֵימוֺ ׳ת Ps 140:4), of praise Ps 66:17 לְשֹׁנוֺ ׳וְרוֺמַם ת (synonym בִּגְרוֺנָם Ps 149:6).
c. ׳תַּחַת פ:
(a) of subjection, Ps 18:40 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּכְּ רִיעַ קָמַי, vPs 18:48 (compare Ps 47:4; Ps 144:2), Ps 45:6; Job 9:13.
(b) of a woman, אִישָׁתּ ׳ת, i.e. under his authority, Num 5:19; Num 5:20; Num 5:29, so Ezek 23:5 תַּחְתַּי being under me = being mine (figurative of Israel as ׳י's spouse), compare ὕπανδρος Rom 7:2, and Qor 66:10.
(c) of being burdened or oppressed under, Isa 24:5 the earth יָֽשְׁבֶיהָ ׳הָֽנְפָה ת, Prov 30:21 שָׁלוֺשׁ רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ ׳ת, vProv 30:22 vProv 30:23; Hab 3:7 אָיֶן ׳ת i.e. (si vera 1.) suffering under calamity.
d. ׳יַד פ ׳ת, of authority or control, Gen 41:35 יַד פַּרְעֹה ׳וְיִצְבְּרוּ בָר ת; Judg 3:30 (compare Ps 106:42), 1Sam 21:4; 1Sam 21:5 (strike out אֶל; dittograph חֹל), v.1Sam 21:9; Isa 3:6.
e. ׳רַגְלֵי פ ׳ת, of subjection or conquest, Ps 8:7 רַגְלָיו כֹּל ׳שַׁתָּה ת, Ps 18:39; Ps 47:4; Lam 3:34, compare Mal 3:31.

2. what is under one, the place in which one stands: hence as accusative,
a. with reflexive pronoun, idiomatic, in one's place, where one stands, Exod 16:29 תַּחְתָּיו שְׁבוּ אִישׁ abide every one in his place, Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28; Josh 5:8; Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 וְעָמַדְנוּ תַחְתֵּינוּ we will remain where we are, 2Sam 2:23 וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּו he died where he was (compare Jer 38:9 [read וּמֵת]), Jer 7:10; Isa 25:10; Isa 46:7; Amos 2:13; Hab 3:16 וְתַחְתַּי אֶרְגָּ֑ז I tremble where I stand, Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Job 36:20; Job 40:12 תַּחְתָּם
b. in transferred sense, in place of, instead of: (a) Gen 2:18; Gen 4:25 הֶבֶל ׳ת instead of Abel, Gen 22:13 בְּנוֺ ׳ת, Gen 30:2 אלהיס אנכי ׳הֲת (compare Gen 50:19), Gen 44:33; 2Sam 19:1 + often; Job 16:4; Isa 3:24; Isa 55:13; Isa 61:3; Isa 61:7 of one succeeding to the place of another, תַּחְתָּיו וַיִּמְחֹ Gen 36:33-49 1Kgs 8:20; 1Kgs 11:43; 1Kgs 14:20 + often, Deut 2:12; Deut 2:21 וַיֵָּֽשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם, Lev 16:32; 1Kgs 2:35 +; Ps 45:17 in place of thy fathers (whom thou mayest therefore forget) will be thy children. compare in Ph CIS^i.3.9 (Cooke³⁰). Sq. infinitive Isa 60:15 הֱיוֺתֵח ׳ת instead of thy being . . . Peculiarly Job 34:26 (si vera lectio)= as if they were, like; but text very dubious; Bi Bu תָּחֵת חֲמָתוֺ רְשָׁעִ֑ים his wrath breaketh in pieces the wicked. (b) in particular, of things mutually interchanged, in place of, in exchange or return for: Gen 30:15 דּוּדָאֵי בְנֵח ׳ת in return, for thy son's love-apples, Exod 21:23) גֶפְשׁlife for life, vExod 21:24 vExod 21:25 vExod 21:26 vExod 21:27 vExod 21:36 v.Exod 22:37, Josh 2:14 נַפְשֵׁנוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם לָמוּת, 1Sam 2:20; 1Kgs 20:39 נפשׁו ׳נפשׁך ת, v1Kgs 20:42 (compare 2Kgs 10:24), 2Kgs 21:2; Isa 43:3; Isa 43:4 often with verbs of requiting, Gen 44:4 טוֺבָם ׳לָ֫מּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה ת why have ye rewarded evil in exchange for good ? 1Sam 25:21; 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 19:22; Ps 35:12 טוֺבָה ׳יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי דָעָה ת, Ps 38:21a; Ps 109:4; Ps 109:5; Prov 17:3 +; Jer 5:19 תַּחַת מֶה in return for what? (compare עַלמֶֿה Jer 22:8; Deut 29:23; 1Kgs 9:8). So followed by infinitive Ps 38:21b.

3. as conjunction: a. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר:
(a) instead of that (German. anstatt dass), Deut 28:62 הֱיִיתֶם ׳א ׳ת instead of that ye were..., instead of your being.., Ezek 36:34. (b) in return for (the fact) that, because that (ᵐ5 ἀνθ’ ὧν Amos 1:3 + often), Num 25:13 ׳אֲשֶׁר קִנָּא לא ׳ת, Deut 21:14; Deut 22:29; Deut 28:47; 1Sam 26:21; 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25; Isa 53:12; Jer 29:19; Jer 50:7; 2Chr 21:12.
b. תַּחַת כִּי Deut 4:37 (but ? read : וֶַתּחִי as end of vDeut 4:36), Prov 1:29. compare עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר (כִּיׅ. III compounds: —

1. אֶלתַּֿחַת, after a verb of motion:
a. (in) under, Judg 6:19 וַיּוֺצֵא אֶלֿ הָאֵלָה ׳ת, 1Kgs 8:6 (|| 2Chr 5:7), Jer 3:6; Jer 38:11 (on 1Sam 21:5 see II. 1 d); after קָרָא Zech 3:10: so ׳לְ ׳אֶלתֿ Ezek 10:2.
b. into the place of, Lev 14:42.

2. מִתַּחַת (= ὑπ’ ἐκ):
a. alone, from under, from beneath as מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם Gen 1:7, and especially after such verbs as שִׁחֵת Gen 6:17, מָחֶה Exod 17:14; Deut 9:14; Deut 25:19; Deut 29:19; 2Kgs 14:27, הֶאֲבִיד Deut 7:24, compare Lam 3:66; Ezek 47:1 a מִפְּתַּן ׳מִתּ הַבַּיִת, Prov 22:27 לָ֫מָּה יִקַח מִשְׁכָּֽבְּךָ מִּתַּחְתֶּיךָ; Exod 6:6; Exod 6:7 סִבְלוֺת מִצְרַיִם ׳מִתּ, Hos 4:12 אֱלֹהֵיהֶם ׳וַיִּזְנוּ מִתּ (compare II. 1 c a, b); ׳יַד פ ׳מִתּ (compare II. 1 d) from under the hand (power) of ... Exod 18:10; 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22; 2Kgs 13:5; 2Kgs 17:7 +; מִתַּחְתָּיו (compare II. 2 a) from his place Exod 10:23; Zech 6:12. Rarely = תַּחַת or ׳מִתַּחַת לְ, Gen 1:9 (P) Ezek 1:8; Ezek 42:9; Ezek 46:23; Job 26:5.
b. ׳מִתַּחַת לְ (opposed to ׳מִמַּעַל לְ) under, beneath: Gen 1:17 ׳הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מִתּ לָרָקִיעַ, Exod 20:4 הַמַּיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ (so Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8), Judg 3:16 לְמַדָּיו ׳מִתּ, Jer 38:12 +; of locality, Gen 35:8 לְבֵיתְאֵל ׳מִתּ, 1Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 4:12.
c. ׳לְמִתַּחַת לְ ( compare מִן 9 b), id quod ׳מִתַּחַת לְ 1Kgs 7:32.

BDB9998 H8460 H8478 H8479

תְּחוֺת preposition under (Biblical Hebrew תַּחַתּ; ᵑ7 תְּחוֺת, Syriac , , adverb ; Palmyrene מן לתחת Cooke³²⁰); — Dan 7:27 תְּחוֺת כָּלשְֿׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew II. 1); in plural with suffix (as Biblical Hebrew, Syriac, ᵑ7) Dan 4:9 תְּחֹתֹהִי (so ᵑ7^Onk Lev 15:10: Dalm^{§ 47, 2}), vLev 15:18. With מִן, Jer 10:11 מִן תְּחוֺת שְׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew III. 2); suffix Dan 4:11 מִןתַּֿחְתּוֺהִי (the form as Syriac adverb above, unless a Hebraizing punct.).

under, stead, for, instead, place, …

taḥat

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas

(n m) the under part

at the foot of (idiom)

in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)

תְּאֵנָֽה

Root word tree, figs, trees, fig

Dictionary form: תְּאֵן · teh-ANE

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the fig tree

figs ×8 the fig tree ×5 of figs ×3 and the fig tree ×2 his fig tree ×2 of his fig tree ×2 also and their fig trees ×1 and fig trees ×1

More options

fig tree — Default rendering; fits most botanical or symbolic contexts.

fig — Use when referring to the fruit rather than the tree.

fig plant — Emphasizes the living plant; useful in agricultural passages.

fig grove — Use for plural contexts suggesting a cultivated stand of trees.

BDB9096 H8384

תְּאֵנָה noun feminine fig-tree, (then) fig (√ dubious; Arabic , Aramaic תֵּינְתָא, ; perhaps Punic תין (see Lzb³⁸⁵; i.e. תְּיֵן Eut, see DHM^{VOJ i. 26}), Assyrian tittu, a tree; Lag^{M i. 58 ff.} combines ׳ת (precariously) with √ (III) אנה meet opportunely, with reference to fructifying of fig by another tree, compare Hom^{Aufsätze u.Abh. i. (1892), 100}); — absolute ׳ת Judg 9:10 +; suffix תְּאֵנָתוֺ 1Kgs 5:5 +, etc.; plural תְּאֵנִים Num 13:23 +; construct תְּאֵנֵי Jer 24:2 suffix תְּאֵנֵיכֶם Amos 4:9 —

1. fig-tree (ficus carica Post^{Flora. 730; Hast. DB, under the word} Tr^NHB.350 M'Lean-Th-Dyer^{Ency. Bib., under the word}; compare Löw^{§ 335}; often + גֶּפֶן): Judg 9:10; Judg 9:11 (in allegory), Amos 4:9; Hos 9:10; Nah 3:12; 1Kgs 5:5; 2Kgs 18:31 = Isa 36:16; Mic 4:4; Isa 34:4; Prov 27:18 ׳עֲלֵה ת Gen 3:7 (J) fig-leaves, חָֽנְטָה פַגֶּיהָ ׳הַתּ Song 2:13 collective Num 20:5 (JE), Hos 2:14; Jer 5:17; Jer 8:13; Deut 8:8; Hab 3:17; Hag 2:19; Zech 3:10; Joel 1:7; Joel 1:12; Joel 2:22; Ps 105:33.

2. fig, always plural: Num 13:23 (JE), Jer 24:1; Jer 24:2 (twice in verse); Jer 24:3 (twice in verse); Jer 24:5; Jer 24:8; Jer 29:17 (all symbolic of Judaeans), Jer 8:13 (בַּתְּאֵנָה ׳אֵין תּ), Neh 8:13 as medicament, ׳דְּבֶלֶת ת 2Kgs 20:7 = Isa 38:21 תְּאֵנֵי הַבַּכֻּרוֺת Jer 24:2 the figs of early ripeness (compare Du).

תַּאֲנִיָּה see [I. אנה]. תְּאֻנִים see I. און.

tree, figs, trees, fig

tĕʾēn

the fig (tree or fruit)

fig, fig tree

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Rd/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3117

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Pp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1931

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5002

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncbpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6635

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi2mp

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7121

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H376

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmsc/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7453

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H413

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8478

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncbsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1612

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H413

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8478