Zephaniah 3:1

ה֥וֹי מֹרְאָ֖ה וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה הָעִ֖יר הַיּוֹנָֽה
Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

ה֥וֹי
ה֥וֹי
Particle an exclamation — "behold!", "oh!"
Dictionary form: הוֹי · hoy

Particle — Interjection

In the KJV here: woe
woe ×36 ho ×3 o ×3 ah ×2 for him saying ah ×2 or ah ×2 alas ×1 him saying alas ×1
More options
woe — Strongest rendering; fits prophetic judgment and lament contexts.
alas — Expresses grief or dismay; slightly softer than woe.
ah — Short, sharp exclamation; suits passionate or anguished outbursts.
oh — Gentler, more general exclamation; use when tone is less severe.
hey — Attention-getting sense; fits rare 'ho' calls like Isa 55:1.

BDB2133 H1945

BDB2132 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2134

הוֺי51 interjection (onomatopoetic; compare = הוֺ הוֺ Amos 5:16 ᵑ6, = הֵידָד Jer 51:14 ᵑ6; also Modern Aramaic ú hú, ú hú (in a lament), SoUrmia-Dial. 102. 4) — expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain, Ah, Alas; Ha (not distinctly Woe! which is אוֺי): used in lamentations, 1Kgs 13:30 and they mourned over him (saying) הוֺי אָחִי Ah, my brother! je 1Kgs 22:18 הוֺי אָחִי וְהוֺי אָחוֺת ֗֗֗ הוֺי אָדוֺן וְהוֺי הֹדֹה, 1Kgs 34:5 וְהוֺי אָדוֺן יִסְפְּדוּ לָ֑ךְ (compare הוֺהֿוֺ Amos 5:16): hence Isa 1:4 הוֺי גּוֺי חֹטֵא Ah! sinful nation vIsa 1:24 Ah! I will ease me of my adversaries; especially preparatory to a declaration of judgment, Isa 10:5 הוֺי אַשּׁוּר שֵׁבֶט אַפִּי, Isa 17:12; Isa 28:1, often followed by a participle Ah! those that . . ., Isa 5:8; Isa 5:11; Isa 5:18; Isa 29:15; Isa 31:1; Isa 45:9; Isa 45:10; Jer 22:13; Amos 5:18; Amos 6:1; Hab 2:6; Hab 2:9; Hab 2:12; Hab 2:15; Hab 2:19; Zech 11:17 + (more sympathetic than אוֺי לְ): followed by כִּי Jer 30:7, אֶל Jer 48:1, עַל Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3, לְ Ezek 13:18. Sts. hardly more than an exclamation arousing attention Ha! (though perhaps with a touch of sympathy or pity) Isa 18:1; Isa 55:1; Zech 2:10 (twice in verse); Zech 2:11; Jer 47:6.

woe, ah, ho, alas
hôy
oh!
  • ah!, alas!, ha!, ho!, O!, woe!

מֹרְאָ֖ה
מֹרְאָ֖ה
Root word filthy, lifteth
Dictionary form: מָרָא · maw-RAW

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, feminine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: to her that is filthy
she lifteth up herself ×1 to her that is filthy ×1
More options
rebel — Core sense of defiant resistance; broadly applicable.
defy — Emphasizes open, bold opposition to authority.
act defiantly — Verbal phrase capturing the behavioral aspect clearly.
behave arrogantly — Highlights pride and self-exaltation nuance.
be insolent — Suits contexts of brazen, contemptuous conduct.

BDB4794 H4754

BDB4793 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4795

I. [מָרָא] verb only Hiph`il Imperfect 3 feminine singular: meaning dubious, perhaps beat the air, or flap the wings, compare Di De (and Wetzst in De), Bu Du (compare Arabic whip, urge on a horse ?); — תַּמְרִ֑יא תִּשְׂחָק לַסּוּם וּלְדֹבְ˜בוֺ׃ Job 39:18 she (the ostrich) flaps away, she laughs at the horse and his rider.

BDB4806 H4784 H4754

BDB4805 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4807

מָרָה verb be contentious, refractory, rebellious (Late Hebrew id., Hiph`il; Arabic III. dispute with; Syriac Pa`el contend with); —

Qal. Perfect 3 masculine singular מָרָה 1Kgs 13:26 feminine מָֽרְתָה Hos 14:1 מָרָ֑תָה Jer 4:17 2 masculine singular מָרִיתָ 1Kgs 13:21 + 11 t. perfect; Infinitive absolute מָרוֺ Lam 1:20 Participle מֹרֶה 2Kgs 14:26 (but read מר, √ מרר, KmpKau כִּי מַר הוּא); מוֺרֶה Deut 21:18 + 3 t.; feminine מֹרְאָה Zeph 3:1 (read מֹרָה; metaplastic form according to Ges«GKC:75»§ 75 R. 22); plural מֹרִים Num 20:10 — be disobedient, rebellious:
1. בֵּן סוֺרֵר וּמֹרֶה Deut 21:18; Deut 21:20 stubborn and rebellious son (towards father).
2. elsewhere towards God: דֹּר סוֺרֵר וּמֹרֶה Ps 78:8 ׳לֵב סורר ומ Jer 5:23 מוֺרְאָה ונגאלה הָעִיר Zeph 3:1 הַמֹּרִים Num 20:10 ye rebels (P); absolute Isa 50:5; Isa 63:10; Lam 1:20 (twice in verse); || מאן Isa 1:20 פשׁע Lam 3:42 with בְּ person Hos 14:1; Ps 5:11, elsewhere accusative of person Jer 4:17 ׳י's words Ps 105:28 מרה (את) פי Num 20:24; Num 27:14 (P), 1Sam 12:15; 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 13:26 (D2) Lam 1:18. — In Hos 4:4 read perhaps מָרוּ בִי have rebelled against me (for ᵑ0 כִּמְרִיבֵי), so RSProph. iv. n. 8 Che (for other views see ריב). Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine plural הִמְרוּ Ps 106:33; Ps 107:11 Imperfect יַמְרֶה Josh 1:18 feminine וַתֶּ֫מֶר Ezek 5:6 2 masculine singular תַּמֵּר (as if √ מרר) Exod 23:21, read תֶּ֫מֶר Di and others; 3 masculine plural יַמְרוּ Ps 106:43 + 6 t; suffix יַמְרוּהוּ Ps 78:40 2 masculine plural תַּמְרוּ 1Sam 12:14 + 3 t.; Infinitive construct לַמְרוֺת Isa 3:8; Ps 78:17 suffix הַמְּרוֺתָם (Ges«GKC:20»§ 20. 2b) Job 17:2 Participle plural מַמְרִים Deut 9:7 + 2 t.; — shew disobedience, rebelliousness, always toward God: absolute Neh 9:26. (|| מרד), Ps 106:7; Ps 106:43; Job 17:2 with בְּ person Exod 23:21; Ezek 20:8; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:21 עִם Deut 9:7; Deut 9:24; Deut 31:27 elsewhere accusative of God or his commands: Isa 3:8; Ezek 5:6; Ps 78:17; Ps 78:40; Ps 78:56; Ps 107:11 המרה את פי Deut 1:26; Deut 1:43; Deut 9:23; Josh 1:18; 1Sam 12:14 (D2), אתרֿוחוֺ Ps 106:33 (compare Ephr 4:30); perhaps Ps 139:20 (see אָמַר
1.).

filthy, lifteth
mārāʾ
to rebel; hence (through the idea of maltreating) to whip, i.e., lash (self with wings, as the ostrich in running)
  • (Hiphil) to beat (the air), flap (the wings)
    • meaning dubious
    (Qal) filthy

וְ נִגְאָלָ֑ה
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
נִגְאָלָ֑ה
Root word polluted, defile, defiled, stain
Dictionary form: גָּאַל · ɡaw-AL

Verb — Niphal, Participle Passive, feminine singular, absolute state passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: and polluted
defile himself ×2 and i will stain ×1 and polluted ×1 are defiled ×1 have we polluted ×1 is polluted ×1 polluted ×1 therefore were they as polluted ×1
More options
defile — Broad ritual or moral contamination; most versatile choice.
pollute — Emphasizes corrupting something previously clean or sacred.
contaminate — Neutral, modern register; suits ritual impurity contexts.
desecrate — Prefer when holy persons, objects, or places are violated.
stain — Vivid metaphor for indelible moral or social disgrace.
taint — Subtle corruption; good for social or genealogical disqualification.

BDB1409 H1351

BDB1408 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1410

II. [גָּאַל] verb defile, late (compare גָּעַל) —

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine plural נְגֹאֲלוּ Isa 59:3; Lam 4:14, on form see Ges«GKC:51»§ 51, 2, Köi. 265; Participle נִגְאָלָה Zeph 3:1 — be defiled, hands with blood בַּדָּם, Isa 59:3 compare Lam 4:14 participle as substantive defiled, polluted one Zeph 3:1 of Jerusalem (|| ˜מֹרְאָה; appositive הָעִיר הַיּוֺנָה). Pi`el Perfect 1 plural suffix גֵּאַלְנוּךָ Mal 1:7 pollute, desecrate, object ׳י (desecrated in his altar). Pu`al Imperfect וַיְגֹאֲלוּ מִןהַֿכְּהֻנָּה Ezra 2:62 = Neh 7:64 construct pregnant and they were desecrated out of the priesthood, i.e. deposed, as desecrated one; Participle מְגֹאָל of bread laid on Yahweh's altar Mal 1:7 of Yahweh's altar (table, שֻׁלְחָן) vMal 1:12. Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular אֶגְאָ֑לְתִּי Isa 63:3 (on Aramaic form see Köi. 27 Ges«GKC:53»§ 53 R. 6 but) read perhaps גֵּאָ֑לְתִּי Pi`el, see GFMThLZ 1887, 292 compare also Gesl.c. N. Ol§ 255 b Sta§ 159 b, 3; — I have polluted, i.e. stained all my raiment. Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְגָּאַל Dan 1:8 יִתְגָּאָ֑ל vDan 1:8 — defile himself.

polluted, defile, defiled, stain
gāʾal
to soil or (figuratively) desecrate
  • to defile, pollute, desecrate
    • (Niphal) to be defiled, be polluted
      • "(Piel) to pollute, desecrate"(Pual) to be desecrated (of removal from priesthood)"(Hiphil) to pollute, stain"(Hithpael) to defile oneself

הָ עִ֖יר
הָ
Prefix — article the
עִ֖יר
Root word city, cities, town, towns, one, …
Dictionary form: עִיר · eer

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: city
the city ×168 cities ×153 city ×131 of the city ×95 the cities ×88 in the city ×49 into the city ×26 a city ×25
More options
city — Best default; fits large, walled, or named settlements.
town — Prefer for smaller or less prominent settlements.
settlement — Neutral; good when size or status is ambiguous.
village — Use for very small or rural communities in context.
urban center — Highlights civic or political function over geography.

BDB5915 H5892

BDB5914 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5916

I. עִיר noun [masculine] excitement; — of terror, וּבֶהָלוֺת ׳ע Jer 15:9 of rage (si vera lectio), לֹא אָבוֺא בְּעִיר Hos 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר compare We Oort Now GASm. — בָּעִיר Ps 73:20 see עור Hiph`il — II, III. עִיר see below

BDB6035 H5892

BDB6034 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6036

II. עִיר1092 noun feminineGen 10:12 (AlbrZAW xvi.40 f.) city, town (√ unknown; Late Hebrew id.;? Phoenician ער Lzb345; Sabean ער fortified height (compare 3) PräZMG xxvi (1872), 437, ערן, עהרן city CISiv. pp. 94, 95, 173); — ׳ע absolute Gen 4:17 +, construct Gen 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה 1Kgs 14:12 + 7t.; suffix עִירִי 2Sam 19:38 + 2 t., etc.; plural עָרִים Isa 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Judg 10:4 (text error, or word-play, compare GFM); construct עָרֵי Gen 10:29 +; suffix עָרַי Zech 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Isa 1:7 +, etc.; —

1. city, town, abode of men Gen 4:17 (J) and often; גְּדֹלָה Gen 10:12 (J), +, or קְטַנָּה Eccl 9:14 (compare Gen 19:20); especially
  a. fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֺת 2Sam 20:6 +, etc., see בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַרצֹֿר Josh 19:29 (P) fortified city (of) Tyre, מָצוֺר ׳ע Ps 31:22 +, etc., see מָצוֺר, מְצוּרָה below צוּר (Mic 7:12 see מָצוֺר); עָזלָֿנוּ ׳ע Isa 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֺ Isa 17:9 דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ ׳ְ 1Sam 23:7 חוֺמָה ׳ע Lev 25:29, compare vLev 25:30 (P), 1Kgs 4:13 on Hos 10:14 see I. עַם 2 b (1Sam 9:14 read הַשֵּׁעַר ᵐ5 We Dr and others).
  b. opposed to כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָזִי 1Sam 6:18, ׳עָרֵי הַפּ Deut 3:5, הַפְּרָזוֺת ׳ע Esth 9:19 distinguished from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Josh 13:23 + often P.
  c. עָרֶיה are dependent towns Josh 13:17 (P), Jer 19:15.
  d. עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Josh 10:2 (JE) royal cities (i.e. with a king, compare Tel Amarna al šarri), so singular 1Sam 27:5, opposed to הַשָּׁדֶה עָרֵי v1Sam 27:5 rural towns; הַמְּלוּכָה ׳ע 2Sam 12:26 (but read הַמַּיִם ׳ע We Bu Kit Löhr HPS, see 2 below).
  e. עֶרֵי מִסְכְּנוֺת Exod 1:11 storage-cities, so 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 8:4; 2Chr 17:12 for נַפְתָּלִי ׳ע ׳מ 2Chr 16:4 read probably ׳כִּנְרוֺת עֵלוֿגו (as 1Kgs 15:20 Be Kit Buhl); compare הֶרֶכֶב ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19; 1Kgs 10:26 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 9:25; 2Chr 1:14 הַפָּרָשִׁים ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6. feminine (הַ)מִקְלָט ׳ע (P) asylum-cities Num 35:11; Num 35:13; Num 35:14; Josh 20:2, compare Num 35:25; Num 35:26; Num 35:27; Num 35:28; Num 35:32, לְמִקְלָט ׳ע vNum 35:12 מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ ׳ע Josh 21:13 + 4t. 21.
  g. (הָ)אֱלֹהִים ׳ע = Jerusalem: Ps 46:5; Ps 87:3, compare Ps 48:2; Ps 48:9 ׳י ׳ע Isa 60:14; Ps 101:8 צְבָאוֺת ׳י ׳ע Ps 48:9.
  h. city = inhabitants 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 5:12; Isa 22:2; Ruth 1:19, so 2Sam 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for ᵑ0 הָעָם) ᵐ5 We Dr and others (compare also following).
  i. combinations are: רֹכְלִים ׳ע Ezek 17:4 city of merchants; מוֺשָׁב ׳ע Ps 107:4; Ps 107:7; Ps 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: הַצֶּדֶק ׳ע Isa 1:26, ׳ע הָאֱמֶת Zech 8:3 הַקּדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 48:2; Isa 52:1; Neh 11:1; Neh 11:18, compare Dan 9:24, all of Jerusalem; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Jer 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, תְּהִלָּךְ ׳ע Jer 49:25, ׳הָע הַהֻלָּלהEzek 26:17, הָעַלִּיזָה ׳הָע Zeph 2:15 of Jerusalem also הַיּוֺנָה ׳הָע Zeph 3:1 oppressive city, (הַ)דָּמִים ׳ע bloody city Ezek 22:2; Ezek 24:6; Ezek 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nah 3:1.
2. of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9; 2Sam 6:10 + often (see דָּוִד); כֵית הַבָּ֑עַל ׳ע 2Kgs 10:25 (crpt; Klo proposes דְּבִיר for ׳ע, compare Kmp Benz Kit); הַמַּיִם ׳ע 2Sam 12:27 (so read also v2Sam 12:26, see 1 d).
3. apparently fortified place, of any size, עִיר מִבְצָר בְּכָלעָֿרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְּדַּל נוֺצְרִים עַדֿ 2Kgs 17:9 =2Kgs 18:8 compare Num 13:9 (P; but on compare of ver. see Di); perhaps also עֲמָלֵק ׳ע 1Sam 15:5 (HPS). — Hos 7:4 see עור Hiph`il

עִיר הַהֶרֶס see הֶרֶס.

city, cities, town, towns, one, …
ʿîr
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • excitement, anguish
    • of terror
    city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
    • city, town

הַ יּוֹנָֽה
הַ
Prefix — article the
יּוֹנָֽה
Root word oppress, oppressed, oppressing, vex, vexed, …
Dictionary form: יָנָה · yaw-NAW

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, feminine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: to the oppressing
hath oppressed ×2 oppress ×2 and have vexed ×1 by oppression ×1 in thee have they vexed ×1 let us destroy ×1 of the oppressing ×1 of the oppressor ×1
More options
oppress — Most direct modern equivalent; suits systemic or ongoing abuse.
exploit — Highlights taking advantage of the vulnerable; good in economic contexts.
mistreat — Broader and accessible; fits relational or social wrongdoing.
wrong — Simple, everyday register; emphasizes moral injury to another.
abuse — Strong register; suits repeated or violent mistreatment.
crush — Vivid and forceful; prefer when physical or total subjugation is implied.

BDB3584 H3238

BDB3583 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3585

[יָנָה] verb suppress (?),oppress, maltreat (Late Hebrew Hiph`il vex with words; so Aramaic Aph`el אוֺנִי, but also ᵑ7 for Hebrew הוֺנָה maltreat; Arabic is laxus, debilis fuit, IV. debilitavit, defatigavit, but connection dubious) —

Qal Imperfect 1 plural suffix נִינָם Ps 74:8 Participle יוֺנָה Jer 25:38 + 3 t. + Ps 123:4 (see below); — suppress (?) followed by accusative Ps 74:8 (text dubious); elsewhere oppress; Participle absolute as adjective הָעִיר הַיּוֺנָה Zeph 3:1 substantive f. collective הַיּוֺנָה oppressors Jer 25:38 (but read חֶרֶב for חֲרוֺן, with ᵐ5 Ew Hi Gf Ke etc., as Jer 46:16; Jer 50:16); Ps 123:4 Qr לִגְאֵי יוֺנִים proudest oppressors (stative construct in superlative, compare Ges«GKC:133»§ 133, 3, R. 1; yet most follow Kt לּגּאייונים, and derived from גַּאֲיוֺן q. v. above) Hiph`il Perfect הוֺנָה Ezek 18:12; Ezek 18:16 הוֺנוּ Ezek 22:7; Ezek 22:29 Imperfect יוֺנֶה Ezek 18:7 2 masculine singular תּיֹנֶה Exod 22:20 תּוֺנֶנּוּ Deut 23:17 יוֺנוּ Ezek 45:8 תּוֺנוּ Lev 19:33 + 2 t.; תֹּנוּ Jer 22:3 Infinitive suffix הוֺנֹתָם Ezek 46:18 Participle מוֺנַ֫יִךְ Isa 49:26 — oppress, maltreat, followed by accusative, especially of ill-treatment of poor and weak, particular of the גֵּר, the 'stranger,' sojourner, by the rich and powerful, Exod 22:20 (JE), Lev 19:33; Lev 25:14; Lev 25:17 (H), Deut 23:17; Jer 22:3; Ezek 18:7; Ezek 18:12; Ezek 18:16; Ezek 22:7; Ezek 22:29; Ezek 45:8; Ezek 46:18 of a foreign oppressor only Isa 49:26.

יָנוֺחַ see נוח; יָנוּם see נום.

oppress, oppressed, oppressing, vex, vexed, …
yānâ
to rage or be violent; by implication, to suppress, to maltreat
  • to oppress, suppress, treat violently, maltreat, vex, do wrong
    • (Qal) to oppress, suppress
      • "(Hiphil) to treat violently, maltreat

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
ה֥וֹי מֹרְאָ֖ה Tipeha — a lesser break וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here הָעִ֖יר Tipeha — a lesser break הַיּוֹנָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

הוֹי מֹרְאָה וְנִגְאָלָה הָעִיר הַיּוֹנָֽה׃
1
Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!
Cross References

Jeremiah 6:6

כִּי כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת כִּרְתוּ עֵצָה וְשִׁפְכוּ עַל-יְרוּשָׁלִַם סֹלְלָה הִיא הָעִיר הָפְקַד כֻּלָּהּ עֹשֶׁק בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃
6
For thus hath the LORD of hosts said, Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against Jerusalem: this is the city to be visited; she is wholly oppression in the midst of her.

Isaiah 59:13

פָּשֹׁעַ וְכַחֵשׁ בַּֽיהוָה וְנָסוֹג מֵאַחַר אֱלֹהֵינוּ דַּבֶּר-עֹשֶׁק וְסָרָה הֹרוֹ וְהֹגוֹ מִלֵּב דִּבְרֵי-שָֽׁקֶר׃
13
In transgressing and lying against the LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.

Isaiah 30:12

לָכֵן כֹּה אָמַר קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל יַעַן מָֽאָסְכֶם בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה וַֽתִּבְטְחוּ בְּעֹשֶׁק וְנָלוֹז וַתִּֽשָּׁעֲנוּ עָלָֽיו׃
12
Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel, Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon:

Malachi 3:5

וְקָרַבְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם לַמִּשְׁפָּט וְהָיִיתִי׀ עֵד מְמַהֵר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים וּבַמְנָאֲפִים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִים לַשָּׁקֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵי שְׂכַר-שָׂכִיר אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם וּמַטֵּי-גֵר וְלֹא יְרֵאוּנִי אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
5
And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not me, saith the LORD of hosts.

Zechariah 7:10

וְאַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם גֵּר וְעָנִי אַֽל-תַּעֲשֹׁקוּ וְרָעַת אִישׁ אָחִיו אַֽל-תַּחְשְׁבוּ בִּלְבַבְכֶֽם׃
10
And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart.

Ezekiel 22:7

אָב וָאֵם הֵקַלּוּ בָךְ לַגֵּר עָשׂוּ בַעֹשֶׁק בְּתוֹכֵךְ יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה הוֹנוּ בָֽךְ׃
7
In thee have they set light by father and mother: in the midst of thee have they dealt by oppression with the stranger: in thee have they vexed the fatherless and the widow.

Micah 2:2

וְחָמְדוּ שָׂדוֹת וְגָזָלוּ וּבָתִּים וְנָשָׂאוּ וְעָֽשְׁקוּ גֶּבֶר וּבֵיתוֹ וְאִישׁ וְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃
2
And they covet fields, and take them by violence; and houses, and take them away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and his heritage.

Leviticus 1:16

וְהֵסִיר אֶת-מֻרְאָתוֹ בְּנֹֽצָתָהּ וְהִשְׁלִיךְ אֹתָהּ אֵצֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ קֵדְמָה אֶל-מְקוֹם הַדָּֽשֶׁן׃
16
And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes:

Isaiah 5:7

כִּי כֶרֶם יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִישׁ יְהוּדָה נְטַע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָיו וַיְקַו לְמִשְׁפָּט וְהִנֵּה מִשְׂפָּח לִצְדָקָה וְהִנֵּה צְעָקָֽה׃
7
For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

Jeremiah 22:17

כִּי אֵין עֵינֶיךָ וְלִבְּךָ כִּי אִם-עַל-בִּצְעֶךָ וְעַל דַּֽם-הַנָּקִי לִשְׁפּוֹךְ וְעַל-הָעֹשֶׁק וְעַל-הַמְּרוּצָה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃
17
But thine eyes and thine heart are not but for thy covetousness, and for to shed innocent blood, and for oppression, and for violence, to do it.

Amos 4:1

שִׁמְעוּ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן אֲשֶׁר בְּהַר שֹֽׁמְרוֹן הָעֹשְׁקוֹת דַּלִּים הָרֹצְצוֹת אֶבְיוֹנִים הָאֹמְרֹת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶם הָבִיאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃
1
Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink.

Amos 3:9

הַשְׁמִיעוּ עַל-אַרְמְנוֹת בְּאַשְׁדּוֹד וְעַֽל-אַרְמְנוֹת בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וְאִמְרוּ הֵאָֽסְפוּ עַל-הָרֵי שֹׁמְרוֹן וּרְאוּ מְהוּמֹת רַבּוֹת בְּתוֹכָהּ וַעֲשׁוּקִים בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃
9
Publish in the palaces at Ashdod, and in the palaces in the land of Egypt, and say, Assemble yourselves upon the mountains of Samaria, and behold the great tumults in the midst thereof, and the oppressed in the midst thereof.

Ezekiel 22:29

עַם הָאָרֶץ עָשְׁקוּ עֹשֶׁק וְגָזְלוּ גָּזֵל וְעָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן הוֹנוּ וְאֶת-הַגֵּר עָשְׁקוּ בְּלֹא מִשְׁפָּֽט׃
29
The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy: yea, they have oppressed the stranger wrongfully.

Ezekiel 23:30

עָשֹׂה אֵלֶּה לָךְ בִּזְנוֹתֵךְ אַחֲרֵי גוֹיִם עַל אֲשֶׁר-נִטְמֵאת בְּגִלּוּלֵיהֶֽם׃
30
I will do these things unto thee, because thou hast gone a whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their idols.
Read Zephaniah 3
Zephaniah 3:2