1 Samuel 18:30

וַיֵּֽצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד
Then the princes of the Philistines went forth: and it came to pass, after they went forth, that David behaved himself more wisely than all the servants of Saul; so that his name was much set by.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ יֵּֽצְא֖וּ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יֵּֽצְא֖וּ
Root word out, forth, brought, came, bring, …
Dictionary form: יָצָא · yaw-TSAW

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: went forth
went out ×70 and went out ×32 came out ×32 go out ×28 go forth ×25 went forth ×23 came forth ×16 come out ×15
More options
go out — Broadest, most natural modern equivalent; prefer for motion.
come out — Use when movement is toward the speaker or reader.
go forth — Slightly formal; suits proclamations, commissions, or marching.
depart — Emphasizes leaving a place; good for journeys or exits.
emerge — Highlights appearance from concealment or enclosure.
issue forth — Best for liquid, breath, speech, or abstract things flowing out.

BDB3658 H3318

BDB3657 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3659

יָצָא1068 verb go or come out (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְעָא; Ethiopic , Assyrian âƒû DlHWB 237, all = go out, forth; Syriac go forth (in sense of germinate), grow; Phoenician יצא march out; compare SI5 המוצא the source (of water); Sabean וצַא go out, DHM in MV; Arabic is be or become fair, beautiful, neat, clean, compare NöZMG 1886, 725) — Perfect יָצָא Gen 10:11 + 92 t.; 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Num 16:35 + 13 t.; יָצָ֑אָה Isa 28:29 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Gen 24:5 + 7 t.; 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jer 31:4 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exod 13:3; Deut 11:10 וִיצָאתֶם Judg 21:21; Mal 3:20 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jer 10:20, etc.; Imperfect יֵצֵא Gen 15:4 + 64 t.; וַיֵּצֵא Gen 4:16 + 132 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exod 21:7 + 22 t.; וַתֵּצֵא Gen 30:16 + 14 t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּצֵא Deut 20:1 + 16 t.; 3 plural יֵצְאוּ Gen 15:14 +; יֵצֵ֑אוּ Gen 17:6 +; 3 feminine plural וַתֵּצֶ֫אנָה 1Sam 18:6; 2Kgs 2:24 וַתֵּצֶאןָ Exod 15:20 2 feminine plural תֵּצֶ֫אנָה Amos 4:3, etc.; Imperative צֵא Gen 8:16 + 15 t.; וָצֵ֑אָה Judg 9:29 feminine singular צְאִי Song 1:8 masculine plural Gen 19:14 + 11 t.; צֵ֑אוּ Isa 49:9; Ezek 9:7 + Jer 58:8 Qr (Kt יֵצֵ֑אוּ) צְאֶינָה Song 3:11 Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Gen 8:7 + 2 t.; יָצאֹ Gen 27:30 + 3 t.; Infinitive construct צֵאת Gen 24:11 + 31 t.; suffix צֵאתִי Exod 9:29 + 3 t.; צֵאתֵנוּ Josh 9:12 צֵאתְךָ Deut 16:3 + 10 t., etc.; Participle (יוֺצֵא) יֹצֵא Gen 2:10 + 62 t.; feminine singular שֶׁיֹּצָא Eccl 10:5 ) יֹצֵאת׳(יו Gen 24:15 + 11 t.; יֹצֵת Deut 28:37, etc.; —

1. go or come out or forth:
  a. from (מִן) a place, e.g. a tent Gen 31:33 (E; opposed to בּוֺא בְ), מִפֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד Lev 8:33; Lev 10:7 (P), compare מִןהַֿמִּקְדָּשׁ Lev 21:22 (H); from a house 2Sam 11:8, the doors (דלתי) of a house Josh 2:19 (JE), Judg 11:31 מִפֶתח ביתו Exod 12:22 (JE), from a camp 1Sam 13:17; 2Kgs 7:12, a city Gen 19:14 (J), Gen 12:4 (P), 1Kgs 11:29; 1Kgs 20:17; Mic 4:10, a cave 1Sam 24:9, the ark Gen 9:18 (J), Gen 8:16; Gen 8:19 (both P); out of vineyards Judg 21:21 followed by accusative אֶתהָֿעִיר Gen 44:4 (E), Exod 9:29 (J); with בְּ also, of gate Jer 17:19; Neh 2:13 followed by accusative local. לֹא אֵצֵא פָ֑תַח Job 31:34 participle construct יֹצְאֵי הֵַתּבָה Gen 9:10 (P), יֹצְאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֺ Gen 34:24 (P); absolute Josh 2:5 (JE), Judg 3:24; Exod 34:34 (P), Num 33:3 (P; Israel going out [from Egypt]), 2 h Num 26:20 +; specify., of going out (מִן) from a land (of emigration) Gen 10:11; Gen 10:14; Gen 24:5 (all J); patric. of coming forth from (the land of) Egypt (the Exodus) Exod 12:41 (J), Exod 13:3; Exod 13:8; Exod 23:15; Exod 34:18; Num 11:20; Num 22:5 (all J E), and especially D, Deut 4:45; Deut 4:46; Deut 9:7; Deut 11:10; Deut 16:3 (twice in verse); Deut 16:6; Deut 23:5; Deut 24:9; Deut 25:17; Josh 2:10; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:5; Josh 5:6 (all D), Num 33:1 (P), 1Kgs 6:1; 1Kgs 8:9 = 2Chr 5:10; 2Kgs 21:15; Jer 7:25; Hag 2:5; Ps 114:1. b go forth from (the presence of) a person: Exod 8:26; Exod 9:33; Exod 10:6 (all followed by מֵעִם), Gen 44:28; Exod 5:20; Jer 2:37 (מֵאֵת), Judg 3:19 (מֵעָלָיו); followed by מִלִּפְנֵי Gen 4:16 (J), Gen 41:46; Gen 47:10; Esth 8:15; Eccl 10:5 followed by מֵעִם פְּנֵי Job 1:12, מֵאֵת פְּנֵי Job 2:7 followed by suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jer 10:20 (see De Eccl 7:18).
  c. in technical senses: absolute go forth, of emancipation Exod 21:2; Exod 21:3 (twice in verse); Exod 21:4; Exod 21:5; Exod 21:7 (3 t. in verse); Exod 21:11 (all J E), compare יצא מִתַּחַת יַדאֲֿרָם 2Kgs 13:5 of release in the year of jubilee, land, etc. Lev 25:28; Lev 25:30; Lev 25:31; Lev 25:33 (all H), Lev 27:21 (P); also of a debtor-slave Lev 25:54 (H); suffix divorce וְיָָֽצְאָה מִבֵּיתוֺ Deut 24:2 of condemnation בְּהִשָּֽׁפְטוֺ יֵצֵא רָשָׁע Ps 109:7 when he is judged let him go out as a criminal, i.e. be condemned: of bowels (מֵעִים) falling out by reason of disease 2Chr 21:15; 2Chr 21:19.
  d. of flight, involving escape: followed by הַחוּ֫צָה, || נוּס, flee Gen 39:12; Gen 39:15 (J), כִּי נָצאֹ תֵצֵא Jer 48:9 opposed to taken (by lot) 1Sam 14:41 רָעָה אֲשֶׁר לֹאיֿוּכְלוּ לָצֵאת מִמֶּ֑נָּה Jer 11:11 calamity from which they shall not be able to escape; perhaps also יְרֵא אֱלֹהִים יֵצֵא אֶתכֻּֿלָּם Eccl 7:18 he that feareth God shall escape (or be freed from, see De Hi-Now Mishna) all of them (see VB), — on accusative with יצא see De.
  e. depart בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ Gen 35:18 i.e. when she was expiring; so תֵּצֵא רוּחוֺ Ps 146:4 בְּצֵאת הַיַּיִן מִנָּבָל 1Sam 25:27 i.e. when Nabal became sober; also figurative וַיֵּצֵא לִבָּם Gen 42:28 (E) i.e. their heart failed (|| וַיֶּחֶרְדוּ); rust from (מִן) caldron Ezek 24:16 (see Co Ezek 12:5); of glory of ׳י Ezek 10:18 וַיֵּצֵא מִן בַּתצִֿיּוֺן כָּלהֲֿדָרָהּ Lam 1:6 hence infinitive = exit, end בְּצֵאת הַשָּׁנָה Exod 23:16 (JE), and, refundantly, כְּעֵת צֵאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם 2Chr 21:19 i.e. at the end of two years feminine of inanimate things: river out of Eden Gen 2:10 (J), water out of rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:11 (JE), from Lehi Judg 15:19 of molten calf out of fire Exod 32:24(E); of gold (after refining) Job 23:10 (absolute, in simile); in prophecy of fountain from house of ׳י Ezek 47:1; Ezek 47:8; Ezek 47:12; Zech 14:8; Joel 4:18 of seed (semen virile) from man Lev 15:16; Lev 15:32 (P), Lev 22:4 (H); of weapon which has pierced body 2Sam 2:23 (מֵאַחֲרָיו), 2Kgs 9:24 (מִלִּבּוֺ), Job 20:25 (מִגֵּוַה); וַתֵּצֵא אַחֲרָיו מַשְׂאַת הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Sam 11:8 and there went out ( = was sent out) after him the king's portion (i.e. the food given by the king); idiomatically of expenditure of money 2Kgs 12:13 (absolute, compare Hiph`il v.2Kgs 12:12); of swift movement of arrow from bow Zech 9:14 (like lightning), of lightning out of fire Ezek 1:13 absolute of sunrise (subject שֶׁמֶשׁ) Judg 5:31 (in simile), Gen 19:23, compare Isa 13:10 (so Assyrian, e.g. ultu ƒît šanši adi êrib šanši COT Gen 19:23); of rising of stars (כּוֺכָבִים) Neh 4:15 of sentence of judge Hab 1:4 (twice in verse); Ps 17:2 of judgment, or right appearing (with simile of light) Hos 6:5 (read וּמִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֺר יֵצֵא), Isa 62:1 of a lot וַיֵּצֵא הַנּוֺרָל לִבְנֵי יוֺסֵף Josh 16:1 (JE), and especially P, Num 33:54; Josh 19:1; Josh 19:17; Josh 19:24; Josh 19:32; Josh 19:40; Josh 21:4, compare also ויצא גְּבוּל גּוֺרָלָם Josh 18:11 (P)
  g. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source: hyssop out of the wall 1Kgs 5:13 מיהוה יצא הדבר Gen 24:50 (J) from ׳י has the thing proceeded, of a providential arrangement, so ׳מֵעִם י Isa 28:29 מֵרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא רֶשַׁע 1Sam 24:14 (an ancient proverb); of pollution proceeding from (מֵאֵת) prophets Jer 23:15 of fire from Heshbon Num 21:28 (JE), Jer 48:45, compare Judg 9:15; Judg 9:20 (twice in verse); of fire ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י Lev 9:24; Lev 10:2, ׳מֵאֵת י Num 16:35 (all P); in theophany יצא רֶשֶׁף לְרַגְליו Hab 3:5 iniquity from unreceptive heart Ps 73:7 (see I. הֵלֶב 1); wrath ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י Num 17:11 (P); absolute Jer 4:4 = Jer 21:12; Jer 23:19 = Jer 30:23 so salvation Isa 51:5 וְנִשְׁמַתמִֿי יָָֽצְאָה מִמֶּךָּ Job 26:4 of words going forth from mouth of speaker (of solemn or formal speech) מִפִּיכֶם דָּבָר לֹא יֵצֵא Josh 6:10 (JE), Judg 11:26; 1Sam 2:3; Jer 44:17; Job 37:2; Esth 7:8, also Num 30:3; Num 32:24 (both P); of ׳י's words going forth from his mouth, or from him Isa 45:23; Isa 48:3; Isa 51:4; Isa 55:11; Ezek 33:30 of ׳י's words, instruction, command, etc., going froth Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2 (from Jerusalem), Dan 9:23 of human commandment Esth 1:19, compare vEsth 1:17.
  h. of children as going forth from loins (of father) מִמֵּעִים 2Sam 7:12; 2Sam 16:11 מֵחֲלָצִים Gen 35:11 (P), 1Kgs 8:19 = 2Chr 6:9 followed by מִן alone 2Kgs 20:18 = Isa 39:7 also יֹצְאֵי יְרֵכוֺ Judg 8:30; Gen 46:26; Exod 1:5 (both P); also of birth מֵרֶחֶם (אִמּוֺ) Num 12:12 (JE), Jer 1:5; Jer 20:18; Job 3:11 figurative of sea Job 38:9 of ice vJob 38:29 מִבֶּטֶן אִמּוֺ Job 1:21; Eccl 5:14 literal, source not expressed, Gen 25:25; Gen 25:26; Gen 38:28; Gen 38:29; Gen 38:30 (all J); of untimely birth Exod 21:22 (JE); compare היּוֺצֵ֯ת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ Deut 28:57 (|| תֵּלֵד); of family or race connection (followed by מִן) Nah 1:11; Isa 48:1; 1Chr 1:12; 1Chr 2:53 יצא also of produce of vine (מִגֶּפֶן) Judg 13:14, compare הַיֹּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה Deut 14:22 (read יצא ⅏, see Di); אֶרֶץ מִמֶּנָּה יצא לֶחֶם Job 28:5 of viper proceeding from serpent's root Isa 14:29 further, with idea of unfolding, growth Job 8:16; Job 14:2; Job 31:40 וְיָצָא חֹטֶר מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י Isa 11:1 of the little horn Dan 8:9 so of branches of candlestick in tabernacle Exod 25:32; Exod 25:33; Exod 25:35; Exod 37:18; Exod 37:19; Exod 37:21 (all P); then simply project (tower from wall) Neh 3:25; Neh 3:26; Neh 3:27 of measuring-line going forth (absolute) in a particular direction Jer 31:39 of a boundary (-line) going out (absolute) so as then to turn and make an angle Num 34:4; Num 34:9; Josh 15:3; Josh 15:4; Josh 15:9; Josh 15:11 (twice in verse); Josh 16:2; Josh 16:6; Josh 16:7; Josh 18:15 (twice in verse); Josh 18:17 (twice in verse); Josh 19:12; Josh 19:13; Josh 19:27; Josh 19:34; Josh 19:47.
2. a. go forth to a place Gen 27:3 (J), Jer 14:18; Ezek 3:22; Zech 6:6 (twice in verse); Zech 6:7 +; so וַיֵּצֵא הַפַּרְשְׁדֹ֫נָה Judg 3:22 (see VB); go forth in surrender 1Sam 11:3 (followed by אֶל person) 2Kgs 18:31 = Isa 36:16; Jer 38:17; Jer 38:21 אֵין פֶּרֶץ וְאֵין יוֺצֵאת Ps 144:14 into captivity לֹא יָָֽצְאוּ אִתְּכֶם בַּגּוֺלָה Jer 29:16, compare Jer 48:7; Zech 14:2 also יָצָא מִןהַֿמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה Jer 22:11, compare בָּנַי יְצָאֻנִי Jer 10:20.
  b. go forward proceed to or toward something, figurative, מֵרָעָה אֶלֿ רָעָה יָצָ֑אוּ Jer 9:2 from evil to evil they go on; in like manner 2Sam 20:8 si vera lectio, but read rather וְהִיא יָָֽצְאָה and it (i.e. the sword) came out (of the sheath) and fell ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu.
  c. come or go forth, with especially reference to purpose or result: וְיָצָאתִי אַחֲרָיו וְהִכִּתִיו 1Sam 17:35, compare 1Sam 24:15 יָצָא שָׁאוּל לְבַקֵּשׁ נַפְשׁוֺ 1Sam 23:15, compare 1Sam 26:20, further 2Sam 2:13; 2Sam 18:4; 1Kgs 20:18 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 20:19; 1Kgs 20:39; 2Kgs 5:2; Mic 1:11; Jer 37:5; Zech 14:3; Dan 11:11; Dan 11:44 +; of an adulteress Prov 7:15 of an angel Num 22:32 (JE), Dan 9:22 for יֵצֵא ֗֗֗ אִתְּכֶם 1Sam 22:3 (let my father etc.go forth [to be] with you, compare Klo) read perhaps יֵשְׁבוּ as ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Kit, see also Dr; of army marching out to form battle line יֹצֵא אֶלהַֿמַּעֲרָכָה 1Sam 17:20 (with article, ᵑ0, < omitted by We Dr Kit Bu); בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר יָָֽצְאוּ Judg 2:15 in all to which they went forth, יָצָא לפני 1Sam 8:20 of king going out at the head of his soldiers; so of ׳י before his people Judg 4:14; 2Sam 5:24; Ps 68:8, compare Ps 108:12; 1Chr 14:15 of ׳י going out from Seir Judg 5:14, compare Hab 3:13 of the hand of ׳י, in hostility ׳יָָֽצְאָה בִי יַדיֿ Ruth 1:13 absolute of fire breaking out Exod 22:5 (JE).
3. of combinations, note esp.: יָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב (infinitive absolute) Gen 8:7 going out and returning, nearly = to and fro; אִישׁ יוֺצֵא ֗֗֗ יֹצֵא יָצוֺא וּמְקַלֵּל 2Sam 16:5 = coming forth, cursing as he came; יצא ובא, literal אֵין יוֺצֵא וְאֵין בָּא Josh 6:1 none went out and none came in, i.e. there was no free egress or ingress (of besieged city), compare 1Kgs 15:17 = 2Chr 16:1; 2Chr 15:5 to go out and come in before, of leader in war Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:16, compare 1Sam 29:6 figurative Deut 28:6 blessed shalt thou be בבואך ובצאתך, i.e. when thou completest and beginnest any undertaking, so vDeut 28:19; Deut 31:2 לא אוכל לצאת ולבוא, i.e. I can no more engage in active undertakings; similarly Josh 14:11; 1Kgs 3:7; Isa 37:28 ( + שִׁבְתְּךָ) = 2Kgs 19:27; Ps 121:8. Hiph`il278 Perfect הוֺצִיא Gen 14:18 +; וְהוֺצִא consecutive Deut 22:14 הוֺצֵאתָ Exod 32:11 + 7 t.; וְהוֺצֵאתָ֫ Num 20:8 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular וְהוֺצֵאת 1Kgs 17:13 suffix הוֺצִיאַ֫נִי Ezek 42:15 הוֺצִיאָ֫נוּ Exod 13:14 + 2 t.; הוֺצִיאֲךָ Deut 6:12; Deut 16:1, הוֺצִאֲךָ Exod 13:9; Deut 7:19 הוֺצִיאָם Exod 32:12 + 2 t., etc.; Imperfect (יֹצִא) יוֺצִיא Lev 16:27 + 9 t.; (וַיּצֵא) וַיּוֺצֵא Gen 15:5 + 23 t.; (וַיֹּצִא) וַיּוֺצִא Deut 4:20 + 4 t.; suffix יוֺצִיאֵנִי Mic 7:9 וַיּוֺצִאֲךָ Deut 4:37; Deut 5:15 וַיּוֺצִאָהּ Exod 4:6; Exod 4:7 3 feminine singular תּוֺצִיא Isa 61:11; Hag 1:11 jussive תּוֺצֵא Gen 1:24 וַתּוֺצֵא vGen 1:12; Ruth 2:18 2 masculine singular תּוֺצִיא Exod 12:46 + 5 t.; חֲתֹצִיא Job 38:32 וַתֹּצֵא Jer 32:21 (וַיֹּצִאוּ) וַיּוֺצִיאוּ Lev 24:23 +; suffix וַיּוֺצִיאֻהוּ 2Kgs 12:12 וַיֹּצִאֻהוּ Gen 19:16 וַיֹּצִיאֻהוּ 1Kgs 21:13 יוֺצִיאוּם 1Chr 9:28, etc.; Imperative הוֺצֵא Gen 19:12 + 5 t. + Gen 8:17 Kt (Qr הַיְצֵא); הוֺצִיא Isa 43:8 הוֺצִ֫יאָה Ps 142:8 suffix הוֺצִיאֵנִי Ps 25:17; 1Kgs 22:34, etc.; Infinitive construct הוֺצִיא Exod 6:13 +; suffix (הוֺצִאִי) הוֺצִיאִי Exod 16:32 +; לְהוֺצִאֵהוּ Jer 39:14, anomalous (Köi. 642), etc.; Participle מוֺצִיא Exod 6:7 + 11 t.; מוֺצֵא Ps 135:7 suffix מוֺצִיאִי 2Sam 22:49, מוֺצִיאֲךָ Deut 8:14; Deut 13:11, etc.; —
1. cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out:
  a. a person from a place, + מִן local, out of prison, etc. Gen 40:14 (E), Jer 20:3; Jer 52:31 (not || 2Kgs 25:27); so with the servant of ׳י subject Isa 42:7 out of house Josh 6:22 (JE), a city Gen 19:12 (J), Ezek 14:22 (so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Co VB; ᵑ0 Hoph`al); of ׳י bringing people of Jerusalem out of city to deliver them to enemy Ezek 11:7 (ᵑ0 (one) shall bring, but read 1 singular, see VB), vEzek 11:9 from a land Jer 26:33 especially of Moses bringing Israelites out of Egypt Exod 3:10; Exod 3:11; Exod 3:12 (E), Exod 14:11 (J); of Moses and Aaron Exod 6:13; Exod 6:26; Exod 6:27 (P); of ׳י bringing Israelites out of (מִן) Egypt Exod 18:1; Exod 20:2; Josh 24:6 (all E), Exod 13:3; Exod 13:9; Exod 13:14; Exod 13:16; Exod 32:11; Num 20:16; Num 23:22; Num 24:8 (all J E), Deut 1:27; Deut 4:20; Deut 4:37; Deut 5:6; Deut 5:15; Deut 6:12; Deut 6:21; Deut 6:23; Deut 8:14; Deut 9:12; Deut 9:26; Deut 9:28; Deut 13:6; Deut 13:11; Deut 16:1; Deut 26:8 (all D), Lev 19:36; Lev 22:33; Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:44; Lev 25:55; Lev 26:13; Lev 26:45 (all H), Exod 6:6; Exod 6:7 (מִתַּחַת סִבְלֹת מצרים), Exod 7:4; Exod 7:5; Exod 12:17; Exod 12:42; Exod 12:51; Exod 16:6; Exod 16:32; Exod 29:46; Num 15:41 (all P), Judg 2:12; Judg 6:8; 1Sam 12:8; 1Kgs 8:16 = 2Chr 6:5; 1Kgs 8:21; 1Kgs 8:51; 1Kgs 8:53; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 7:22; Jer 11:4; Jer 31:32; Jer 32:21; Jer 34:13; Ezek 20:6; Ezek 20:10, compare vEzek 20:9 (strike out Co), 2Chr 7:22; Ps 136:11; Dan 9:15 absolute, same sense, Josh 24:5 (E), Deut 7:8; Deut 7:19; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ps 105:37; Ps 105:43 of ׳י bringing Israelites out of exile (followed by מִן) Ezek 20:34; Ezek 20:41; Ezek 34:13 object rebels (out of, מִן, land) Ezek 20:38 of charioteer bringing Ahab out of battle 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33 of Joseph's bringing out his sons from between Jacob's knees Gen 48:12 (E).
  b. of bringing from a place for a particular purpose (human subject) Exod 19:17 (מִן); also (point of departure not expressed, and purpose sometimes only implied) Gen 38:24 (J), Josh 2:3; Josh 6:23 (twice in verse); Judg 6:30; 2Sam 12:31 = 1Chr 20:3; 2Kgs 11:12 = 2Chr 23:11; 2Chr 23:14; Isa 43:8 ׳י subject, of bringing Israelites out of Egypt to slay them Exod 32:16 (JE), Deut 9:28; Deut 9:29 object Gog Ezek 38:4 subject ׳יַד י Ezek 37:1.
  c. lead out as an army 2Sam 10:16 = 1Chr 19:16, so of ׳י Isa 43:17 hence with הֵבִיא, of a ruler's function to lead people out and in 2Sam 5:2 = 1Chr 11:2; Num 27:17 (P).
  d. הוֺצִיא מֵרֶחֶם of God's agency in birth Job 10:18.
  e. = remove (from a person's presence) הוֺצִיאוּ כָלאִֿישׁ מֵעָלָ֑י Gen 45:1; 2Sam 13:9 without || מעל v2Sam 13:18. feminine of putting away wives and children Ezra 10:3; Ezra 10:19 (opposed to הוֺשִׁיב vEzra 10:2, compare יצאה מביתו Deut 24:2).
  g. bring out person unto (אֶל) a place (human subject) Josh 10:22; Josh 10:23 (JE), Deut 17:5; Deut 22:21; Deut 22:24 (all D), Lev 24:14; Lev 24:23 (H), Num 15:36 (P; all אֶלמִֿחוּץ), 1Kgs 21:10; 1Kgs 21:13 (מִחוּץ of motion to), 2Kgs 11:15 = 2Chr 23:14 לְהוֺצִאֵהוּ אֶלהַֿבָּ֑יִת Jer 39:14 subject angels in form of men Gen 19:16; Gen 19:17 (J), Ezek 42:1; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 46:21; Ezek 47:2 also Gen 15:5 (J E; ׳י subject); for a specific purpose Exod 16:3 (P).
  h. unto a person Gen 43:23 (J), with purpose expressed or implied Hos 9:13; Gen 19:5; Gen 19:8 (J), Judg 19:22; Judg 19:24; Josh 10:24 (JE), Jer 38:23; Ezra 8:7 (with על) Kt (but read Qr אֲצַוֶּה).
  i. unto a place and a person Josh 10:22; Josh 10:23 (JE), Deut 21:19; Judg 19:25.
2. figurative, object persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc. Ps 25:17; Ps 68:7; Ps 107:14; Ps 107:28; Ps 142:8; Ps 143:11 deliver from enemies 2Sam 22:49 (but || Ps 18:49 מְפַלְּטִי); one's feet out of net Ps 25:15; Ps 31:5 bring out into a large place 2Sam 22:20 = Ps 18:20, compare Ps 66:12.
3. bring out animals: horses out of Egypt 1Kgs 10:29 = 2Chr 1:17 (but read Qal יֵצְאוּ ᵐ5 Klo Kmp in KauAT), 2Chr 1:17; 2Chr 9:28 animals (from ark, no מן) Gen 8:17 (P);for sacrifice, to a place Num 19:3.
4. inanimate object:
  a. carry or bring out (with and without מִן)Exod 12:39 (E) Amos 6:10; 2Sam 12:30 = 1Chr 20:2; 2Kgs 10:26; 2Kgs 23:4; 2Kgs 23:6; 2Kgs 24:13; 1Chr 9:28; 2Chr 29:5; 2Chr 29:16 (twice in verse); 2Chr 34:14; Jer 8:1; Jer 17:22; Jer 50:25 (subject ׳י), Ezek 12:4; Ezek 12:7 (in vEzek 12:5 vEzek 12:6 vEzek 12:7b. vEzek 12:12 read Qal, compare vEzek 12:4b, so Co), also Ezek 24:6 (Co Ezek 24:10); object הָאֶבֶן הָראֹשָׁה Zech 4:7; Lev 26:10 (H), Ezra 1:7 (twice in verse); Ezra 1:8.
  b. take or draw out (from one's person or luggage) Gen 24:53 (J); draw out hand from one's bosom Exod 4:6; Exod 4:7 (J), compare Ruth 2:18 (food from one's cupboard).
  c. = draw חַרְבִּי מִתַּעְרָ֑הּ Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:10 (subject ׳י).
  d. bring outto a place Deut 28:38; Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21; Lev 6:4; Lev 14:45; Lev 16:27; Ezek 46:20, compare Deut 14:28.
  e. bring out to (or for) a person Gen 14:18; Judg 6:19 compare vJudg 6:18, 1Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 10:22 (twice in verse). feminine bring out from (מִן) a place to people Num 17:24 (P).
  g. bring out in payment, pay (money, tribute, etc.) 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 15:20 (עַל = in behalf of: or put it forth, imposed it, on Israel).
  h. bring forth (= cause to rise or appear) the heavenly bodies Isa 40:26; Job 38:32 see also וְתַעֲלֻמָה יֹצִא אוֺר Job 28:11 and hidden things he (the miner) bringeth forth tolight.
  i. bring forth by miracle: Moses. water out of rock Num 20:8; Num 20:10 (JE); ׳י id. Deut 8:15; Neh 9:15; Ps 78:16.
  j. = produce, generate, bring into being: of magicians trying to produce lice Exod 8:14 (P); a smith producing weapon Isa 54:16 see the threefold הוציא Prov 30:33 (3 t. in verse); of ׳י causing לֶחֶם to proceed out of (מִן) earth Ps 104:14 elsewhere of earth as producing Gen 1:12; Gen 1:24 (both P), Isa 61:11; Hag 1:11 of Aaron's rod bringing forth blossoms Num 17:28 (P).
  k. bring forth words (out of mouth, etc.), i.e. speak Job 8:10; Job 15:3; Prov 10:18; Prov 29:11; Neh 6:19; Isa 48:20 (|| הגיד, השׁמיע); absolute Eccl 5:1 of publishing a report עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע ׳הו Deut 22:14 (|| שָׂם לָהּ עֲלִילֹת דְּבָרִים) compare vDeut 22:19 דִּבַּת הָאָרֶץ ( רָעָהׅ ׳הו Num 13:32; Num 14:37 so Num 14:36 (דִּבָּה עַלהָֿאָרֶץ).
5. figurative, subject ׳י, bring forth from (מִן) Bel's mouth what he has swallowed Jer 5:44 wind, out of treasuries Jer 10:13; Jer 51:16; Ps 135:7 fire, out of Tyre Ezek 28:18 curse, over the land Zech 5:4 of Jeremiah, מִזּוֺלֵל אִם תּוֺצִיא יָקָר Jer 15:19 if thou bring forth the precious from (Gie without) the base, i.e. if thou free that which is pure in thee from base admixture (Gf; Gie if thou produce the noble without the base); bring forth, i.e. exhibit, righteousness (nnocence Che) Ps 37:6; Jer 51:10 (compare Qal 1 f end); וַיֹּצֵא לָאוֺר צַלְמָוֶת Job 12:22, compare Mic 7:9 subject servant of ׳י of publishing מִשְׁפָּט (i.e. religion) to the world Isa 42:1; Isa 42:3. Hoph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular הוּצָ֑אָה Ezek 38:8 (strike out Co); Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת Gen 38:25 masculine plural מוּצָאִים Gen 14:22; Gen 47:8 (but see below); feminine plural מוּצָאוֺת Jer 38:22 — be brought forth Gen 38:25 (J; of Tamar); of women as captives Jer 38:22 remnant out of Jerusalem Ezek 14:22 ᵑ0 (but read Hiph`il, see above); exiles, from among the peoples Ezek 38:8 (omitted by ᵑ6 Co); of waters, אֶלהַֿיָּ֫מָּה הַמּוּצָאִים Ezek 47:8 which are caused to flow into the sea (but ᵑ6 Co אֶלהַֿמַּיִם הַחֲמוּאִים into the sour (bitter, salt) waters, see Field VB).

BDB9947 H3319 H3318

BDB9946 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9948

שׁיציא Kt, שֵׁיצִי Qr verb bring out (to an end), finish (probably Shaph`el as loan-word from Assyrian šû-ƒû, û-še-ƒû, bring out, √ aƒû (וצא, Biblical Hebrew יצא, = Aramaic יְעָא, compare NöGGA 1884, 1019), Dll.c. Hptl.c. Kl.c.; ᵑ7 שֵׁיצִי complete, put an end to, also come to an end, passive be finished, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic SchulthLex. 205); — finish temple: Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Ezra 6:15, but read probably 3 masculine plural שֵׁיצִיו K§ 43, 1 near the end Berthol GuHpt (so ᵐ5 ᵑ9); > Perfect passive BeRy.

out, forth, brought, came, bring, …
yāṣāʾ
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
  • to go out, come out, exit, go forth
    • (Qal)
      • to go or come out or forth, depart
        • "to go forth (to a place)"to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)"to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)"to come out of
      (Hiphil)
      • to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
        • "to bring out of"to lead out"to deliver
      (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

שָׂרֵ֣י
שָׂרֵ֣י
Root word princes, captains, captain, chief, rulers, …
Dictionary form: שַׂר · sahr

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: then the princes
the princes ×55 the captains ×28 and the princes ×21 princes ×18 the captain ×18 captains ×14 and captains ×13 captain ×13
More options
commander — Best for military contexts; clear and modern.
official — Broad civil/administrative use; fits non-military leaders.
prince — Retain for royal/noble rank; modernizes KJV directly.
chief — Good for head of a group or department.
governor — Prefer when regional administrative authority is stressed.
leader — General-purpose; use when rank is vague or inclusive.

BDB5544 H5493 H5494 H3249 H5637 H8269

BDB5543 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5545

סוּר and (Hos 9:12) [שׂוּד]300 verb turn aside (Late Hebrew Hiph`il cause to turn aside, or apostatize; Tel Amarna sûru, noun rebel WklGloss); —

Qal161 Perfect masculine singular סָר Exod 3:4 +; 3 feminine singular סָ֫רָה 1Sam 16:14 +; 1 singular סָ֑רְתִּי Ps 119:102 3 plural סָרוּ Deut 9:12 +; 2 masculine plural סַרְתֶּם vDeut 9:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָסוּר Gen 49:10 +, וַיָּ֫מַר Judg 4:18 +; 3 feminine singular תָּסוּר 1Sam 6:3 +; 1 singular cohortative אָסֻ֫רָה Exod 3:3 3 masculine plural יָסֻ֫רוּ Exod 25:15 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סוּר 2Sam 2:22 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute סוֺר Dan 9:5, סֹר vDan 9:11 construct סוּר Isa 7:17 +; suffix שׂוּרִי Hos 9:12 (Ges«GKC:6k»§ 6k Now); Participle סָר Job 1:1 +; feminine construct סָרַת Prov 11:22 masculine plural construct סָרֵי Jer 6:28 (or from סרר, or שָׂר); passive feminine סוּרָה Isa 49:21, with intransitive meaning (Ges«GKC:50f»§ 50f Köii. 1, 137), plural suffix סוּרַי Jer 17:13 Qr; and construct סוּרֵי Jer 2:21 —
1. turn aside, out of one's course 1Sam 6:12; Deut 2:27, from following, מֵאַחֲרֵי person 2Sam 2:21; 2Sam 2:22, absolute v2Sam 2:23, from attacking, מֵעַל 2Chr 20:10 turn in unto (for shelter, refuge, etc.), with אֶלֿ, Gen 19:2; Gen 19:3 (J) Judg 4:18 (3 t. in verse); Judg 19:11; Judg 19:12; 2Kgs 4:11, with לְ Judg 20:8, with שָׁם Judg 18:3; Judg 19:15, שָׁ֫מָה Judg 18:15; 2Kgs 4:8 ( + infinitive), v2Kgs 4:10 with הֵ֫נָּה Prov 9:4; Prov 9:16 (in figurative); for purpose implied Exod 3:3 (J) Ruth 4:1 (twice in verse), or expressed by infinitive Exod 3:4 (J) Judg 14:8; Jer 15:5 (in figurative); especially figurative turn aside from right path, from ׳י, his commands, etc., usually with מִן Exodus (J) Judg 2:17; Deut 9:12 + 7 t. D, Prov 13:14 + 5 t. Proverbs, + 10 t. elsewhere, + 2Chr 8:15 (insert מִן); with מֵאַחֲרֵי 1Sam 12:20 + 4 t.; with מֵעַל Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9 מִן + יָמִין etc. Deut 5:29; Deut 17:11; 2Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 34:2 absolute (sometimes = revolt) Ps 14:3; Jer 5:23; Deut 11:16; Deut 17:17 (subject לֵבָב), וְסוּרַי Jer 17:13 Qr (> יסורי Kt) read probably וְסוּרֶיךָ those revolting from thee (Ew Gie); סוּרֵי הַגֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Jer 2:21 degenerate (shoots) of the foreign vine (figurative); סָרַת טַעַם Prov 11:22 a woman turning aside as to discretion, shewing lack of it; also from wrong path, sins (of Jeroboam), etc., with מִן 2Kgs 3:3; 2Kgs 14:24 + 7 t. 2 Kings; with מֵעַל 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 with מֵאַחֲרֵי 2Kgs 10:29 סָר מֵרָע (participle) Job 1:1; Job 1:8; Job 2:3 also Isa 59:15 סוּר מֵרָע (infinitive and imperative) Job 28:28; Prov 3:7; Prov 13:19; Prov 16:6; Prov 16:17; Ps 34:16; Ps 37:27.
2. depart, usually with מִן, of frogs Exod 8:7, flies v.Exod 8:25 (both J), sword 2Sam 12:10 sceptre from Judah Gen 49:10 (poem in J): ׳י's hand 1Sam 6:3, his kindness 2Sam 7:15 (ᵑ0, but read אָסִיר ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 || 1Chr 17:13 Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS), his wrath Ezek 16:42 (but strike out Co Siegf Toy), depart from way = get out of the way, cease to obstruct Isa 30:11, etc.; with מִתּוֺךְ 1Sam 15:6 (twice in verse); with מֵעַל Isa 7:17; Judg 16:19; Num 12:10, etc.; of ׳י departing, מִן person, Hos 9:12, מֵעַל Judg 16:20; 1Sam 28:16, מֵעִם 1Sam 18:12 God, with מִן Job 21:14; Job 22:17, with מֵעַל 1Sam 28:16, ׳רוּחֵ י, with מֵעִם 1Sam 16:14 evil spirit, with מֵעַל v1Sam 16:23 absolute depart [from Babylon] Isa 52:11 (twice in verse); = avoid contact Lam 4:15 (3 t. in verse); of wicked Job 15:30 he shall not depart out of (מִנִּי) darkness, i.e. shall not avoid it, escape it; passive participle made to depart, thrust away, of Israel under figure of wife Isa 49:21 (> active, according to BaNB § 124 c).
3. of lifeless things = be removed, oppressors's yoke, with מֵעַל Isa 14:25 compare vIsa 14:25; Isa 10:27 staves from (מִן) ark Exod 25:16 absolute inquity Isa 6:7 especially of בָּמוֺת 1Kgs 15:14; 1Kgs 22:44; 2Kgs 12:4; 2Kgs 14:4; 2Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 15:35; 2Kgs 2:17; 2Kgs 20:33.
4. = come to an end, Amos 6:7; Isa 11:13. — For סָר אֶלֿ 1Sam 22:14 read שָׂר עַלֿ ᵐ5 Th Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr HPS; in 1Sam 15:32 Th HPS strike out סָר (after ᵐ5 ᵑ9 ᵑ6) as dittograph; סָר סָבְאָם Hos 4:18 see סֹבֶא; Hos 7:14 read יָס֫וֺרוּ for יָס֫וּרוּ (√ סרר q. v.); Jer 6:28, it is uncertain whether (סוֺרְרִים) סָרֵי belongs here, revolters among the rebellious, or below סרר, or even = שָׂרֵי princes, chiefs (compare 1Sam 22:14). Pô`lel Perfect 3 masculine singular סוֺרֵר דְּרָכָיו Lam 3:11 he turned aside my ways (my steps).

Hiph`il133 Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵסִיר 2Kgs 18:4 +; 2 masculine singular וַהֲסִרֹ֫תָ consecutive (Dr§ 110(5) Obs.) 1Kgs 3:31 1 singular הֲסִירֹ֫תִי 2Kgs 23:27 +, וַהֲסִרֹתִ֫י 1Sam 17:46 +; 3 plural הֵסִ֫ירוּ 2Chr 30:14, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָסִיר Isa 3:18 +, jussive יָסֵר Exod 8:4 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Gen 8:13 +; suffix וַיְסִרֵהוּ 1Sam 18:13, וַיְסִרֶהָ 1Kgs 15:13, יְסִירֶנָּה Lev 3:4 +; 3 masculine plural יָסִ֫ירוּ Isa 5:23 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָסֵר 1Kgs 20:24 +, הָסִיר Ezek 21:31 (read הָסֵיר, הָסֵר); feminine singular הָסִ֫ירִי 1Sam 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָסֵר Gen 30:32 +; construct הָסִיר 2Kgs 6:32 +, etc.; Participle מֵסִיר Isa 3:1 + 3 t.; —

1. cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away: with מִן, Exod 8:4; Exod 8:27; Exod 33:23 (all J), Exod 23:25 (E) Deut 7:15; 1Sam 28:3; Josh 7:13 (J) Judg 10:16; Isa 3:1; Ps 18:23 (+ || 2Sam 22:23, read אָסִיר מִמֶּנִּי De Hup-Now HPS); shoulder from burden Ps 81:7 מֵסִיר אָזְנוֺ מִשְּׁמֹעַ Prov 28:9 + often, + Job 33:17 (insert מִן ᵐ5 Ew Di De Hi Bu and others); with מֵעַל, take off ring Gen 41:42 (E) Esth 3:10, also Esth 8:2 (absolute); garments Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 (J) Deut 21:13; Zech 3:4; 1Sam 17:39 (armour), also Exod 34:34 (P; absolute) and Ezek 26:16 (Co insert מֵעַל); take off head, מֵעַל 1Sam 17:46, absolute 2Sam 4:7; 2Sam 16:9; 2Sam 2:32 with מֵעַל also often figurative (from upon = from resting on, or burdening), plagues Exod 8:4; Exod 10:17 (J), compare Num 21:7 (E), also 1Sam 1:14; Amos 5:23; 1Kgs 2:31 reproach 1Sam 17:26; Isa 25:8 c, מֵעִם = from one's presence 1Sam 18:13, also of ׳י removing kindness 1Chr 16:13 = || 2Sam 7:15 (see
Qal 2.); with מֵעַל פָּנָיו, of ׳י removing Israel 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31 absolute 2Kgs 23:27 often absolute, Gen 8:13 Noah removed the covering; remove = depose with מִן 1Kgs 15:13 = 2Chr 15:16 (see מִן 7 b
   (b)), absolute 2Chr 36:3, compare Judg 9:29; Job 34:20 remove בָּמוֺת, etc., 2Kgs 18:4, v2Kgs 18:22 = Isa 36:7 = 2Chr 32:12; 2Kgs 23:19; 2Chr 30:14; 2Chr 14:2, compare 2Chr 14:4; 2Chr 17:5 (both with מִן); = put away strange gods, etc., Gen 35:2; Josh 24:14; Josh 24:23 (all E), 1Sam 7:4, with מִתּוֺךְ v1Sam 7:3; Isa 58:9 once with לְ, מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים Job 12:20.
2. rarer uses are: put aside = leave undone Josh 11:15 (D); retract words Isa 31:2 (of ׳י); reject prayer Ps 66:20 abolish sacrifice Dan 11:31 turn one away מֵאַחֲרֵי, i.e. from following Deut 7:4 with אֶלֿ person, remove the ark unto 2Sam 6:10 = 1Chr 13:13.Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּסַר Lev 4:31; Dan 12:11 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יוּסַר Lev 4:35 Participle מוּסָר Isa 17:1 plural מוּסָרִים 1Sam 21:7 (but final ם probably dittograph before מ We Dr Klo Kit HPS); — be taken away, removed: with מִן Lev 4:35, מֵעַל vLev 4:31, ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י 1Sam 21:7 מוּסָר מֵעִיר Isa 17:1 Damascus is removed from being a city; absolute be abolished Dan 12:11 (compare Dan 11:31 Hiph`il).

BDB8348 H8269 H3256

BDB8347 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8349

שַׂר420 noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king); — absolute שַׂר 2Sam 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Mic 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hos 3:4 +; construct שַׂר Judg 4:2 +; suffix שַׂרְכֶם Dan 10:21 plural שָׂרִים 1Kgs 4:2 +; construct שָׂרֵי Gen 12:15 +; suffix שָׂרַי Judg 5:15; Isa 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Jer 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Isa 3:4 +; —

1. chieftain, leader:
  a. plural of Israel Num 21:18 (poem in J E; || נְדִיֹב הָעָם), of Issachar Judg 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judg 10:18 is dubious (we should expect ׳וְשׂ, and compare ׳זִקְנֵי ג, instead, Judg 11:5-11); of Midian Judg 7:25; Judg 8:3 Philistines 1Sam 29:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:4 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:9 (apparently = סְרָנִים v1Sam 29:2 v1Sam 29:6 v1Sam 29:7 [We], yet distinguished by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Bu strike out in v1Sam 29:4 b), compare 1Sam 18:30 in poetry, of כְּמוֺשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Jer 48:7, of מָלכם (q. v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jer 49:3.
  b. singular David as leader of freebooters 1Sam 22:2 compare גְּדוּד ׳שׂ 1Kgs 11:24, plural 2Sam 4:2.
2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
  a. plural, in Egypt Gen 12:15 (J) + 3 t. Is + Gen 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare || מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [CheHeb.Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), Ps 105:22 Moab Num 22:8 + 8 t. 22, 23 (JE), Amos 2:3 Edom Isa 34:12 (|| הֹרִים); Assyrian Isa 10:8; Isa 31:9 Babylonian Isa 21:5 + 7 t. Jeremiah + 2Chr 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jer 49:38 + 17 t. Ezra, Esther; in general Isa 49:7 officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles) 1Chr 22:17 + 5 t. 1 Chronicles; Ezra 8:20 Solomon 1Kgs 4:2 Jehoiachin 2Kgs 24:12; 2Kgs 24:14 Zedak. Jer 34:21; 2Chr 36:18 other kings 19 t. 2 Chronicles; in general Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17 see also (Judah) Jer 1:18 + 31 t. Jeremiah (Jer 17:25 a strike out ׳שׂ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 t. Lamentations; Ezek 17:12; Zeph 1:8 (where distinguished from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called ׳שׂ); so, in general, Neh 9:32; Neh 9:34; Dan 9:6; Dan 9:8 and (Northern Israel) Hos 3:4 + 6 t. Hosea.
  b. as having powers of magistrate (‡adi) Exod 2:14 (E + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exod 18:21 + 7 t. 18 (E), Deut 1:15 (4 t. in verse); later in Judah Hos 5:10 (Now reads ׳שָׂרֵי תִשׁ), Isa 1:23, compare Isa 3:4; Isa 3:14; Isa 32:1; Mic 7:3 (singular; || שֹׁפֵט), Zeph 3:3 (|| id.), Ezek 22:27, compare Prov 8:16 (|| נְדִיבִים); Prov 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
  c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), 1Kgs 20:14; 1Kgs 20:15; 1Kgs 20:17; 1Kgs 20:19 (compare Esth 1:3; Esth 8:9; Esth 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esth 3:12).
  d. as commandant of city, הָעִיר ׳שׂ Judg 9:30, compare 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25; 2Kgs 23:8; 2Chr 34:8 of citadel, הַבִּירָה ׳שׂ Neh 7:2 plural of city officials סֻכּוֺת ׳שׂ Judg 8:6; Judg 8:14 (distinguished from זְקֵנִים), compare 2Kgs 10:1; 2Chr 29:20.
3. specifically military, = captain, general:
  a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא Gen 21:22; Gen 21:32 (E), Gen 26:26 (J), 1Sam 12:9 + 23 t., + ׳יֿ׳צֿ׳שׂ Josh 5:14; Josh 5:15 (J E; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; ׳שָׂרֵי הַצּ 1Kgs 1:25 + 3 t. Chronicles, ׳שָׂרִים בַּצּ 1Chr 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v.1Chr 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֺת Deut 20:9; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Chr 27:3 שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל 2Sam 24:2 (but read וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as ᵐ5L and || 1Chr 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), ׳שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח v1Chr 21:4 v1Chr 21:4; 2Kgs 9:5; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1Kgs 15:20 = 2Chr 16:4; 2Kgs 25:23; 2Kgs 25:26; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:13 + 7 t. Jeremiah; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2Chr 32:6 so (ה)שׂר alone 2Sam 18:5; 2Sam 19:7; 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9 ᵐ5.:B Be Kit (שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for ᵑ0 ׳שָׂרֵי שׁ), 2Kgs 9:5 (twice in verse); 1Chr 11:6; 1Chr 11:21 + 9 t., + Job 39:25; Dan 11:5 וְגָדוֺל ׳שׂ 2Sam 3:38 (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isa 9:5 (Messianic name).
  b. leading companies of 50 2Kgs 1:9-14; Isa 3:3, of 100 1Sam 22:7 + 16 t. + 1Sam 8:12 (reading מֵאוֺת for חֲמִשִּׁים ᵐ5 HPS, compare We; Bu insert שָׂרֵי מֵאוֺת), of 1000 1Sam 17:18 + 11 t., + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֺת 1Chr 13:1; 1Chr 26:26 (distinguished from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 1Chr 27:1; 1Chr 29:6; 2Chr 1:2 also הָרֶכֶב ׳שׂ captain of the chariotry 1Kgs 22:31; 1Kgs 22:32; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:30; 2Chr 18:31; 2Chr 18:32 + 3 t. + שָׂרֵי וּפָרָשָׁיו ׳ר 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9.
4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Gen 37:36 + 5 t.; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1Kgs 14:27 = 2Chr 12:10 שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23 = 2Chr 8:10 even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Gen 40:2 + 5 t., שַׂר הָאוֺפוֺת Gen 40:2 + 4 t. (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֺת 1Chr 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר 1Chr 27:28 שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Dan 1:7; Dan 1:8; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:10; Dan 1:11; Dan 1:18 שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jer 51:59.
  b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Gen 39:21; Gen 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Gen 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1Sam 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exod 1:11 (J); compare 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 29:6; 1Chr 27:31; 1Chr 28:1. — In 1Chr 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for ᵑ0 בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so ᵐ5 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר
Qal. 5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5; 2Chr 36:14 הַלְוִיִּם ׳שׂ 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:22; 2Chr 35:9, compare 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6; 1Chr 15:7; 1Chr 15:8; 1Chr 15:10 (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1Chr 24:5, אֱלֹהִים ׳שׂ v1Chr 24:5 — ׳שָׂרֵי ק Isa 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי ᵐ5 Houb Klo CheHpt Gr (substantially).
6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, ׳שׂ ׳שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ 1Chr 27:22; 1Chr 29:6, compare 1Chr 28:1 apparently = elders, הָעָם ׳שׂ Ezek 11:1; 2Chr 24:23 ׳שׂ alone, Ps 68:28 (3 t. in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2; Neh 4:10; Neh 10:1; Neh 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8; Ezra 10:14 called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Neh 12:31; Neh 12:32 of district-rulers Neh 3:9; Neh 3:12; Neh 3:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 3:16; Neh 3:17; Neh 3:18; Neh 3:19 of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֺת Ezra 8:29; 1Chr 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי ׳הָא 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 27:1; Neh 7:70).
7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Isa 23:8 (compare 'merchant- princes'), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (|| נְגִירִים), Job 34:19; Ps 45:17; Ps 82:7; Ps 148:11, opposed to עבד(יםׅ Prov 19:10; Eccl 10:7 formidable foes Ps 119:23; Ps 119:161.
8. = patron-angel, only Daniel: שַׂר (מַלְכוּת) פָּרַס Dan 10:13; Dan 10:20, יָוָן ׳שׂ vDan 10:20 specifically of מִיכָאֵל vDan 10:13; Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1
9. שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא Dan 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָרָא 1 c; yet see also ׳צ 1 b), so שַׂר שְׂרִים vDan 8:25.

BDB8349 H7786 H8323 H3256 H8269

BDB8348 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8350

[שָׂרַר] verb denominative (Gerber20) be, or act as, prince, rule; —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַלֿ יִשְׂרָאֵל Judg 9:22 Abimelech ruled over Israel three years; 3 masculine plural שָׂרִים ֗֗֗ יָשׂ֑רוּ Isa 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (|| יִמְלָךְמֶֿלֶךְ), compare Prov 8:16 Participle לִהְיוֺת֗֗֗ שׂרֵר Esth 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֺ. Hithpa`el Imperfect, 2 masculine singular + Infinitive absolute כִּיתִֿשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּםהִֿשְׂתָּרֵר Num 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us. — יָסֹר 1Chr 15:22 see יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph`il Perfect 3 plural metaplastic הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges«GKC:67v»§ 67v) Hos 8:4 they made princes (absolute; || הִמְלִיכוּ). p. 415f, 978

princes, captains, captain, chief, rulers, …
śar
a head person (of any rank or class)
  • prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain
    • chieftain, leader
      • "vassal, noble, official (under king)"captain, general, commander (military)"chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)"heads, princes (of religious office)"elders (of representative leaders of people)"merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)"patron-angel"Ruler of rulers (of God)"warden

פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים
פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of the philistines")
Dictionary form: פְּלִשְׁתִּי · peh-lish-TEE

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: of the philistines
of the philistines ×100 the philistines ×80 and the philistines ×28 the philistine ×16 and the philistine ×6 philistine ×6 now the philistines ×4 when the philistines ×4
More options
Philistine — Standard singular form; use for individuals or as adjective.
Philistines — Standard plural; default choice for the collective people.
Philistine (adjective) — Modifies nouns, e.g. 'Philistine king' or 'Philistine army'.
the Philistines — Definite plural; use when referring to the nation as a whole.
the Philistine people — Adds clarity when ethnic or national identity needs emphasis.
the Philistine forces — Military context; makes collective reference concrete.

BDB6674 H6430

BDB6673 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6675

פְּלִשְׁתִּי288 adjective, of a people Philistine, (οί) Φυλιστιειμ; and (not in Hexateuch) (ό) ἀλλόφυλος, (οί) ἀλλόφυλοι; — only as substantive: ׳הַפּ the Philistine (Goliath) slain by David 1Sam 17:8 + 27 t. 17, 1Sam 18:6; 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 21:10; 1Sam 22:10 one slain byAbishai 2Sam 21:17 elsewhere plural the Philistines,:255 usually פְּלִשְׁתִּים without article, rarely ׳הַפּ 1Sam 4:7; 1Sam 7:13 + (especially with preposition ׳בַּפּ v1Sam 7:13 +, and then perhaps due to punctuators), Gen 10:14 = 1Chr 1:12; Gen 26:14; Gen 26:15; Gen 26:18; Judg 3:31 + 33 t. Judges; 1Sam 4:1 (twice in verse) + 118 t. 1 Samuel; 2Sam 1:20 + 28 t. 2 Samuel +; ׳אֶרֶץ פ Gen 21:32; Gen 21:34 + 12 t.; ׳שְׂדֵה פ 1Sam 6:1; 1Sam 27:7; 1Sam 27:11 ׳מֶלֶךְ פ Gen 26:1; Gen 26:8 ׳שָׂרֵי פ 1Sam 18:30 + 5 t.; ׳סַרְנֵי פ Josh 13:3; Judg 3:3 + 13 t.; ׳יָם פ Exod 23:31 ׳אֱלֹהֵי פ Judg 10:6. — compare כְּרֵתִי, II. כַּפְתּוֺר. On Philistines see also WMMAs.u.Eur.387f. EvansCretan Pictographs, 100 ff. SchwZWT xxxiv. 103 f., 255.

philistines, philistine, philistim
pĕlištî
immigrants
a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
  • an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan

וַ יְהִ֣י
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יְהִ֣י
Root word be, pass, was, were, came, …
Dictionary form: הָיָה · haw-YAW

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and it came to pass
and it came to pass ×336 shall be ×333 was ×233 be ×174 came ×133 were ×117 and it shall come to pass ×97 and it shall be ×92
More options
be — Default copula; suits timeless or stative contexts.
become — Prefer when a change of state or transformation is implied.
happen — Fits narrative events; modernizes 'come to pass'.
occur — Formal register; good for reported events or incidents.
exist — Emphasizes being or presence rather than action.
take place — Idiomatic for scheduled or unfolding events.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

BDB2099 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2101

יהוהc. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺהC518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö§ 88). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see LagSym i.14 BaudStudien i.179 ff.; DrStud.Bib.i.1 ff. For Jeve see StaZAW 1881, 346 Deib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.
2. on literature of interpretations see NesEg.67 Drl.c. — Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, NesEg.88 (but NesEg.91 inclines to Qal as RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RSOTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245, compare WeSkizzen iii.175; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, StaG.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ewinfr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Drl.c.17)).
**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by BauRel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230); DlPa 162 ff. claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kuenational Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.) JastrJBL xiil {1894}, 103 f. compare HptBAS i. 170 N; DlBabel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f. makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially HirschZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff. ZimKATS. 465 ff.; SpiegelbZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff. proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in KöEB NAMES, § 112 and n.3. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to SchwThLZ, 1905, col. 612.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare EwBTh ii. 337, 338 RSl.c., Proph. 385 ff. Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc LagPsalt.Hieron.156); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich WeJD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI18. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b DlPa 158 ff. DrStud. Bib. i. 7 ff.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
  a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D2); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
  b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D2 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
  c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D2 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
  d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
  e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
  g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
  h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by RP as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.
2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
  a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
  b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
  c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
  d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.
3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — BonkZAW 1891, 126 ff. seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2145 H1961

BDB2144 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2146

הָיָה3570 verb fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI1; SI6 היה, ib3 הית; parallel form of הוה, Arabic , Aramaic הֲוָא, ; see הָוָה above) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Gen 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Gen 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Gen 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isa 14:24 + 3 t.; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Gen 9:13 +; והית2Kgs 9:37 Kt (Qr וְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deut 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִיGen 31:40 3 plural הָיוּ Gen 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶ ם Exod 22:20 +; וִהְיִיתֶם consecutive Gen 3:5 +; 1 plural הָיִינוּIsa 1:9 +; etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Gen 1:29 +; jussive יְהִיGen 1:3 +; יֶהִ֑י Ezek 16:15 וִיהִיGen 1:6 +; וַיְהִי Gen 1:3 +; וַיֶּ֑הִי Ps 33:9; Ezek 16:19 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Gen 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:12 +; וָאֶהְיֶה2Sam 7:6 + 9 t.; וָאֱהִי Judg 18:4 + 12 t.; 3 masculine plural יִהְיוּ Gen 6:19 +; 3 feminine plural תִּהְיֶינָהIsa 16:2 + 19 t.; תִּהְיֶין֣Gen 41:36 + 11 t.; וְתִהְיֶנָה Jer 18:21; Jer 48:6 וַתִּהְיֶינָה 2Sam 20:3 + 6 t.; וַתִּהְיֶיןָGen 26:35; 1Sam 25:43 וַתִּהְיֶנָה 1Chr 7:15 2 masculine plural תִהְיוּ Gen 34:15 +; תִהְיוּן Exod 22:20 1 plural נִהְיֶה Gen 38:23 +; וַנִּהְיֶה2Sam 11:23; Jer 44:17 וַנְּהִי Num 13:33; Isa 64:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exod 18:19 +; feminine singular הֲיִיGen 24:60 masculine plural הֱיוּExod 19:15; Num 16:16, וִהְיוּ 1Sam 4:9 + 6 t.; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Gen 18:18 + 3 t.; הָיֹה 1Kgs 13:32; Ezek 1:3 construct הֱיוֺת Gen 2:18 +, so read probably also for הֱיֵה Ezek 21:15 compare Sm Köi. p. 600 f. (Co em. היהלֿה to הָהֵל shine, glitter); with prefix בִּהְיוֺת Exod 5:13 +, בִּהְיֹת Exod 19:16 +; לִהְיוֺת Gen 10:8 +, לִהְיֹת Exod 23:1 +; suffix הֱיוֺתִי Jonah 4:2 הֱיוֺתְךָ Judg 18:19 (twice in verse); לִהְיֹתְךָ Deut 26:10, etc.; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exod 9:3.

I. 1. a. Fall out, happen מֶההָֿיָה הַדָּבָר 1Sam 4:16 how has the matter fallen out, (gone, turned out) ? so 2Sam 1:4 מֶההָֿיָה לוֺ Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (both J E) what has happened to him? compare 1Sam 10:12 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ 1Sam 6:9 a chance it is that has befallen us; also וַיְהִילֿוֺ כֵּן 2Kgs 7:20 and so it happened to him, compare וַיְהִיכֵֿן below
  b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass: — גְדוֺלָה הָֽיְתָה בָּעָם מַגֵּפָה 1Sam 4:17 a great slaughter has taken place among the people, compare 2Sam 17:9 וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּיַעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2Sam 18:6 and the battle took place in the wood of Ephraim (on אפרים compare Klo Dr); Josh 22:17 (P; of plague); תְּהִי נָא אָלָה Gen 26:28 (J) let an oath take place (be taken) so Judg 21:5 compare 2Kgs 17:7 (si vera lectio), Ezek 16:34 especially late, 2Chr 29:36; 2Chr 32:31; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:10; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14 etc.; often of fulfilment of prediction, command, expectation, etc.: — כֵּן הָיָה Gen 41:3 (E) so it came to pass, 2Sam 13:25, וַיְהִיכֵֿן Judg 6:38; 2Kgs 15:12; Isa 29:5, & especially וַיְהִיכֵֿן Gen 1:7; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:11; Gen 1:15; Gen 1:24; Gen 1:30 (all P) +; יְהִי כִדְבָרֶ֑ךָ Gen 30:34 let it be as thou sayest, Zech 6:15, see also לֹא תָקוּם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה Isa 7:7 it shall not arise (be realized) & shall not come about, Isa 14:34 (so often בּוֺא q. v. 2 c, p. 98 above)
2. especially & very often, come about, come to pass followed by substantive (subject) clause almost always + modifying (usually temporal) clause or phrase:
  a. ( I) וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.) followed by
   (a) Imperfect consecutive: a. with Infinitive with כְּ temporal Gen 12:14; Gen 19:17 (both J) + 75 t. + Esth 3:4 Qr (Hexateuch chiefly J, — so always Genesis, — & J E; P only Exod 16:10, D only Deut 5:20; Deut 31:24; Josh 5:1; Josh 9:1 27 t. in Kings), — somewhat different is 2Kgs 7:18 β. with Infinitive with בְּ Gen 4:8; Gen 11:2 (both J) + 29 t. + Esth 3:4 Kt (in Hexateuch 10 t. J E; 3 t. P, Gen 19:29; Exod 34:29; Num 17:7 not in D); γ. with בְּ followed by temporal noun (יוֺם, בֹּקֶר, etc.) Gen 21:22 (E) Gen 26:32 (J) + 45 t. (Hes 14 t. J E; 3 t. P, Exod 6:28; Exod 16:13; Num 7:1 not D); δ. לְ temporal 1Sam 1:20; 2Sam 13:23; 1Kgs 20:26; 1Chr 20:1 ε. כְּ temporal Gen 39:11; 1Sam 25:38 ζ. מִן temporal namely: מֵאָז Gen 39:5, מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2 compare 1Sam 30:25, מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4; Judg 15:1, מִקֵּץ Gen 4:3; Gen 8:6 + 6 t., מִקְצֵה Josh 3:2; 2Kgs 8:3; Ezek 3:16, especially מִמָּחֳרָת Gen 19:34; Exod 18:13 + 11 t.; η. כַּאֲשֶׁר temporal Gen 12:11 (J) Gen 20:13 (E) + 31 t. (Hexateuch 13 t. J E, Deut 2:16, not P), characteristic of Nehemiah's memoris, Neh 3:33; Neh 4:1; Neh 4:6; Neh 4:9; Neh 6:1; Neh 6:16; Neh 7:1; Neh 13:19 θ. with כִּי temporal Gen 6:1 (J) Exod 3:21 (E) + 14 t. + Judg 16:25 Kt; ι. אַחֲרֵי temporal Gen 22:20 (J) + 13 t., אַחַר Gen 39:7; Job 42:7, אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן Judg 16:14 + 6 t.; κ. followed by עַד temporal 1Sam 14:19 (on which compare Dr); compare עַדכֹּֿה וְעַדכֹּֿה 1Kgs 18:45 λ. with combinations; as בְּ with temporal noun + בְּ Infinitive Gen 34:25; Exod 19:16; 1Sam 25:37 בְּ Infinitive + כְּ Infinitive Josh 3:14 double preposition כְּמִשְּׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים Gen 38:24 מִקְצֵה + אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר Josh 9:16 מִיָּמִים + id. Josh 23:1 μ. other unusual constructions under this head are: those where temporal idea is expressed by a circumstantial clause Isa 22:7; 1Kgs 13:20; 2Kgs 8:21 (Dr§ 165, & Οβς.) = 2Chr 21:9 those with indefinite כֹּל 1Sam 10:11; 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 15:2, or with participle = rel. clause 1Sam 11:1 (on all see Dr§ 78 n. & Sm); quite unique is 1Kgs 16:31, with הֲנָקֵל ׳לָכְתּוֺ וגוin place of temporal clause
   (b) וַיְהִי sometimes followed by simple Perfect, with a negative Gen 39:10 (with כְּ Infinitive), Exod 13:17 (with בְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 17:25 (both with בְּ temporal); & without negative, Gen 8:13 (P) Gen 14:1 +, usually with בְּ temporal (38 t.), Hexateuch chiefly P; rarely with other preposition & adverb as above; note especially מִדֵּי followed by Infinitive 1Sam 18:30; 2Chr 12:11 sometimes the subject of following Perfect precedes it with וְ, as Gen 22:1; Gen 41:1; 1Sam 18:19; 1Sam 30:1; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 4:40 +; note especially 2Sam 17:27 where several subject & also several objects precede the Perfect (compare Dr); in these cases temporal modifier is occasionally a circumstantial clause 2Sam 13:30; 1Kgs 8:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 rarely subject precedes Perfect without וְ 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 21:1, compare subject preceding Participle without וְ Neh 4:10 in 2Chr 8:1 the object (with וְ) precedes what is apparently the principal verb
   (c) וַיְהִי followed by וְהִנֵּה Gen 24:15 (J; טֶרֶם in temporal clause), Gen 29:25 (E), Gen 38:27 (J, both בְּ temporal) vGen 38:29 (כְּ Participle), 1Sam 13:10 (כְּ Infinitive); also 2Sam 1:2; 2Sam 13:36; 2Sam 15:32 (circumstantial clause) 2Kgs 2:11 (id.), 2Kgs 3:20; 2Kgs 13:21 (circumstantial clause).
   (d) rarely וַיְהִי (in this sense) followed by other constructions: אָז יִתֵּן 1Kgs 9:10 (with מִקְצֵה); Imperfect frequentative 1Kgs 14:28 (with מִדֵּיבּֿאֹ), 2Kgs 4:8 (with מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ) Jer 36:23 (with כְּ Infinitive); Perfect consecutive frequentative 2Chr 24:11 (with בְּ temporal). (2) rarely also Perfect with וְ conjunctive וְהָיָה (compare Dr§ 183) followed by Imperfect consecutive as subject clause: 1Sam 1:12 (c. several circumstantial clause), 1Sam 10:9 (with כְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 3:15 (id.), 1Sam 17:48 (with כִּי), Jer 37:11 (with בְּ Infinitive), Amos 7:2 (with אִם temporal); also Jer 3:9 (apparently with מִן causative, but obscure); 1Sam 13:22 (with בְּ temporal) is followed by וְלֹא & Perfect as well as Imperfect consecutive
  b. less often וְהָיָה Perfect consecutive and it shall come to pass, or frequentative,came to pass (repeatedly, etc.) usually
   (a) followed by simple Imperfect (c. 100 t.): a. with בְּ temporal Deut 21:16; Deut 25:19 + 37 t., (especially בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Hos 2:18; Hos 2:33; Isa 7:18; Isa 7:21; Isa 7:23 + 21 t.); β. with בְּ local Ezek 47:23; Zech 13:8 compare also Hos 2:1 (בִּמְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר, but perhaps = instead of, compare VB); γ. with indefinite rel. clause, or its equivalents (כֹּל indefinite, etc.), compare Dr§ 121, Obs. 1: Gen 4:14; Num 17:20; Deut 12:11; Deut 18:19; Josh 7:14; Josh 7:15; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 2:36; 1Sam 17:25; 2Sam 15:35; 1Kgs 19:17; 1Kgs 20:6; Isa 4:3; Isa 24:18; Nah 3:7; Jer 27:8; Jer 42:4; Ezek 47:9; Zech 14:17; Joel 3:5 δ. with כַּאֲשֶׁר Num 33:56; Deut 28:63; Josh 23:15; Judg 7:17; Isa 29:8; Jer 31:28; Zech 8:13 ε. less often with other modifying phrase: כְּ Infinitive Exod 33:8; Exod 33:9 (both frequentative), Josh 3:13; Josh 8:8; Jer 25:12; Jer 51:63 בְּ Infinitive Gen 9:14 (P) 2Kgs 4:10; Ezek 44:17 אִם of condition Deut 20:11 (+ vDeut 20:11 Dr§ 118 n.), also Josh 22:18, where the arrangement is peculiar, & the condition is expressed without אִם (compare Dr§ 155); לְ temporal Deut 23:12 מִקֵּץ Isa 23:17 טֶרֶם Isa 65:24 מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23, etc.
   (b) וְהָיָה followed by Perfect consecutive (c. 85 t.): α. most often + clause with כִּי temporal Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33 (both J) Exod 1:10 (E) Deut 11:29; Isa 8:21 + 25 t.; β. with אִם Exod 4:8; Exod 4:9; Num 15:24; Deut 11:13 + 14 t.; also Gen 38:9; Num 21:9 (both frequentative); γ. with בְּ temporal Gen 30:41 (frequentative) Gen 47:24 (but compare Ol Di) Exod 16:5 + 11 t.; δ. with indefinite rel. clause or equivalent (Dr§ 121 Obs. 1): Gen 24:14; Num 10:32 (Dr§ 118 n.) Num 21:18; Deut 21:3; Judg 11:31; Judg 19:30; Zech 14:16 ε. occasionally with other modifying phrase: כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:40 +; כְּ Infinitive Gen 44:31 +; בְּ Infinitive Exod 33:22 +; מִקֵּץ 2Sam 14:26 עֵקֶב causative Deut 7:12 also
   (c) followed by וְלֹא + simple Imperfect Exod 3:21 (with כִּי temporal).
   (d) וְהָיָה followed by Imperative (very rare) Deut 6:10 (with כִּי temporal), 1Sam 10:7 (with כִּי), compare 1Sam 29:10, compare Perfect consecutive in command 1Sam 3:9 (with אִם).
   (e) וְהָיָה followed by simple Perfect (also very rare) Deut 8:19 (with אִם).
   (f) וְהָיָה followed by clause without verb: Gen 24:43; Josh 2:19; 1Kgs 18:24 (all with indefinite rel. modifier, or equivalents, see
   (a) γ,
   (b) δ, above).
   (g) וְהָיָה (ו conjunctive) followed by Imperfect consecutive see
  a.
   (e) above

II. Come into being, become: —

1. a. absolute, in lively narrative, arise, appear, come וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָהExod 12:80 (J) and there arose a great cry in Egypt; וַיְהִיקֿוֺל Ezek 1:25 (strike out Co compare Da), Ezek 37:7 (strike out קוֺל ᵐ5 Co); כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה Exod 8:11 (J) Pharaoh saw that respite had come; Mic 7:4 now shall come their confusion (|| בוא); also of concrete objects וְהָֽיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן Gen 9:16 (P) and the bow shall appear in the clouds (|| וְנִרְאֲתָה) וְרִמָּה לֹא הָֽיְתָה בּוֺ Exod 16:24 (P) and worms did not appear in it; of condition or action begun & continuing, as: famine Gen 12:10; Gen 26:1 (twice in verse) (all J), Gen 41:54 (E), Ruth 1:1; 2Sam 21:1; 2Kgs 6:25 strife Gen 13:7; Gen 13:8 (J), Hab 1:3 (|| מָדוֺן יִשָּׂא); often of action of the elements, as the coming of hail Exod 9:18; Exod 9:24; Exod 9:26 (all J), thunder & lighting, etc., Exod 19:16 (E), rain 1Kgs 18:45, storm Jonah 1:4 especially of creative fiats יְהִי אוֺר וַיְהִי אוֺר Gen 1:3 let light appear, and light appeared, compare vGen 1:5 vGen 1:8 vGen 1:13 vGen 1:19 vGen 1:23 vGen 1:31 (all P); also arise, come on the stage or scene, וְאַחֲרָיו הָיָה שַׁמְגַּר Judg 3:31 and after him arose Shamgar (= וַיָּקָם Judg 10:1); further וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה Gen 15:17 (JE) and darkness came on; הַבֹּקֶר הָיָה Exod 10:13 (J) the morning came, Exod 19:16 (E); וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם 1Sam 1:4 and the day came, when (see Dr), 1Sam 14:1; 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:18; Job 2:1.
  b. followed by preposition: בְּ, וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ Gen 37:27 (J) but our hand, let it not come upon him, of hand of ׳יּ 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 7:13; 1Sam 12:15 + (all in hostile sense); בְּכָלשֲֶֿֿׁר יֶשׁלֿוֺ ׳וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת י Gen 39:5 (J) and the blessing of ׳י came into (on) all that he had; but also of plague Exod 12:13 (P); followed by עַל, וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 7:10 (J) that the waters of the flood came upon the earth; עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּ֑נָה Gen 42:36 (E) Gen 9:2 (P) fear shall come upon, compare Gen 35:25 (P) 2Chr 14:13; 2Chr 17:19; 2Chr 20:29 +; of wrath Josh 22:20; 1Kgs 3:27 so of Saul's evil spirit from God 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 19:9 (אֶל); but followed by עַל also in good sense ׳וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ י conferring strength & efficiency Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29 (היה = צלח Judg 14:6 + often), compare Num 24:2 (JE) of prophetic power; (on ׳וַתְּהִי לָיו יַד י 2Kgs 3:15; Ezek 3:22 and the like, see יָד); יַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָֽיְתָה עָלֵינוּ Ezra 8:31, so Ps 80:18 even וַתְּהִי עַלרֿאֹשׁ דָּוִד 2Sam 12:30 and it (the crown, עֲטֶרֶת) came (i.e. was put, set) on David's head; with a different meaning וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַדפֶּֿתַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר 2Sam 11:23 and we were close upon them even to the gateway (compare We Dr); come, go, follow (followed by אַחֲרֵי) i.e. take the side of, adhere to, Exod 23:2 (JE) 1Sam 12:14; 2Sam 2:10; 1Kgs 12:20; 1Kgs 16:21 followed by לְ of blessings Gen 49:26 (poem); of judgement, punishment Jer 40:3 especially ויהי דבר֗֗֗ אֶל and the word of ... came unto: word of Samuel 1Sam 4:1 usually word of God (or ׳י) Gen 15:1; 1Sam 15:10 +; constantly in prophets: Hos 1:1; Mic 1:1 etc.; especially Jeremiah & Ezekiel: Jer 1:4; Jer 1:11; Jer 1:13; Jer 2:1; Jer 13:8 +; Ezek 3:16; Ezek 6:1; Ezek 7:1; Ezek 11:14; Ezek 11:17; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 11:26; Ezek 12:1; Ezek 12:8 +; so also absolute הָיָה הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה Isa 14:28 in the death-year of king Ahaz came this utterance; also followed by מִן; מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ Gen 17:16 (P), וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ Gen 35:11 (P), וְהָיָה אַדִּירוֺ מִמֶּנּוּ Jer 30:21 (|| מִקִּרְבּוֺ יֵצֵא); הַכֹּל הָיָה מִןהֶֿעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶל הֶעָפָר Eccl 3:20 all came from the dust, & all return unto the dust; וַיְהִי קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל מֵאֵת צְבָאוֺת ׳י Zech 7:12.
2. become :
  a. followed by predicate noun (to be viewed as implicit accusative Dr§ 161, 3 n., according to the Arabic usage WAG ii, § 41. 44. 74): הִוא הָֽיְתָה אֵם כָּלחָֿ֑י Gen 3:20 (J) it was she that became the mother of all living; וַיְהִי הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צאֹן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָהGen 4:2 (J) and Abel became a shepherd of flocks, while Cain became a tiller of ground; 2Sam 8:14; Mic 2:11 + often
  b. followed by predicate adjective Gen 38:7; Exod 36:13 +; compare Gen 37:20 let us see what his dream will become (turn out to be, signify);
  c. become like (כְּ), וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Gen 3:5 and ye shall become like gods compare vGen 3:22, Num 11:1 (JE), Hos 2:1; Hos 7:11; Isa 9:18; 1Kgs 7:8; Zech 9:7 +; compare Gen 15:5 so (כֹּה) shall thy seed become; specifically of likeness in punishment Isa 1:9; 1Sam 17:36 +; also with כְּ repeated וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן Hos 4:9 and the people shall become like the priest (literally, and the like of the people shall become the like of the priest), so especially Isa 24:2 (6 pairs of words as above); וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע Gen 18:25 (J), see כְּ. b + c Gen 27:32 his hands had become like the hands of Esau his brother, hairy.
  d. followed by predicate + לְ person וּתְהִי אִשָּׁה לְבֶןאֲֿדֹנֶיךָ Gen 24:51 (J) and let her become wife to the son of thy lord, 1Sam 16:21; 1Kgs 11:25; Ps 89:42; 1Chr 18:6 +; = be instituted, estanblished, וְהָיָה לָהֶםחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 30:21 (P) and it shall be established for them as a perpetual ordinance (compare f below).
  e. followed by לְ predicate: וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gen 2:7 (J) and the man became a living soul; וְהָיָה לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁיםGen 2:10 (J) and it became four heads; גַּםהֿוּא יִהְיֶהלְֿעָם Gen 48:19 (J) he too shall become a people; וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 4:9 and become (shew yourselves to be) men (|| הִתְחַזְּקוּ; compare with double לְ, f below); Zeph 1:13; Ezek 17:6; Ezek 47:12; Job 16:8 עלמֶלֶךְ עַלכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳וְהָיָה י Zech 14:9 וַיְהִי לְמַס עֹבֵד Gen 49:15; Josh 16:10 so often; also in sense of turn into, be changed so as to become, וַיְהִי לְנָחָשׁExod 4:3 and it became a serpent, vExod 4:4; Exod 7:10; Isa 1:22; Deut 26:5 +; figurative וַיְהִי לְמָ֑יִם Josh 7:5 and it (their heart) turned to water, so וְהוּא הָיָה לְאֶבֶן 1Sam 25:37 or, serve as וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֺרֹת Gen 1:15 (P) and they shall become (fulfil the function of, serve as) luminaries, compare vGen 1:14 וְהָיָה לְאוֺת בְּרִית Gen 9:13; Gen 17:11 (both P). feminine often with לְ predicate + לְ person: וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָ֑בֶןGen 11:3 (J) and the bricks became (served as) stone for them; וַתְּהִי לִי לְאִשָּׁה Gen 20:12 (E) compare Gen 24:67 (J) +, וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה וְחָגְלָה ֗֗֗ לַבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִׁים Num 36:11 וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָה Num 6:21 (P), Exod 2:10; Exod 15:2; Judg 8:27 לִי לֵאלֹהִים ׳וְהָיָה י Gen 28:21 (E); אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לוֺ לְאָב וְהוּא יִהְיֶהלִֿי לְבֵן 1Chr 17:3 +; = shew or prove oneself as הֱיֵהלִֿי לְבֶןחַֿיִל 1Sam 18:17 shew thyself for me a valiant man (compare 1Sam 4:9 e above); = be instituted, established (compare e above) וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 29:28 and it shall be instituted for Aaron and his sons as a perpetual ordinance; compare vExod 29:9; Lev 10:15 וְהָֽיְתָה לִהְיֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֺלָם לְדֹרֹתָם Exod 40:15 (all P).
  g. with עַל and לְ 1Sam 22:2 וַיְהִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְשָׂר and he became over them prince.
  h. sometimes with לְ person only = become the property of, come into the possession of ׳וַיְהִילֿוֺ צאֹןוּֿבָקָר וְגו Gen 12:15 (J), and he came to have flocks and herds etc., Gen 26:14; Gen 30:43 לֹא לוֺ יִהְיֶה הַזָּ֑רַע Gen 38:9 not his should the seed become; ׳וְהָיָה לי Judg 11:31 it shall become Yah-weh's; Deut 10:9; Josh 13:29; 1Kgs 10:26; 1Kgs 11:3 + often; so of a woman, as wife תְּהִינָֿא לְךָ Judg 15:2 pray let her become thine, compare also וַתְּהִי אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֺן לְמֵרֵעֵהוּ Judg 14:20, Hos 3:3; Ruth 1:13; Lev 21:3; Deut 24:2; Jer 3:1; Ezek 16:8 (and also + לְאִשָּׁה, לְנָשִׁים see f above)III. Be (often with subordinate idea of becoming); —
1. exist, be in existence (i.e. originally have come into existence), כָּלהַֿיּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה 1Sam 1:28 all the days which he shall have been (lived, = חַי Gen 5:5 etc., DrSm), Job 3:16; Isa 23:13 often with בְּ local וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ Gen 2:5 (J) and there was not yet in the earth any shrub of the field; ׳וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ וגו Num 26:64 (P) and among them there was not a man to be found, etc.; also וְלֹא הָיָה כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא לְפָנָיו וְאַחֲרָיו Josh 10:14 (JE) & there hath not been a day like that before it nor since. compare 2Sam 14:25; 2Sam 1:5; 2Sam 21:25; 2Sam 23:25; +; somewhat weaker, in the frequently introductory clause וַיְהִי אִישׁ now there was a man Judg 13:2; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:1; Num 9:6 (P), Job 1:1 +; on אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:14 see יהוֺה.
2. abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) וַיְהִי משֶׁה בָּהָר Exod 24:18 and Moses remainded in the mount forty days, etc., so Exod 34:28 (both J E), Judg 17:4; Judg 17:12; 1Sam 6:1; 1Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 11:3 = 2Chr 22:12 +; also Lev 22:27; Lev 25:28 (both H), etc.; followed by עַד temporal remain until Deut 22:2; 1Kgs 11:40; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:21; Dan 1:21 etc.; compare הוּא יִהְיֶה לְעוֺלָם Eccl 3:14 so also of space followed by עַד extend unto, as far as, Josh 19:10: of net beneath altar, Exod 27:5 shall reach as far as (עַד) the middle of the altar.
3. with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated stand, lie; בִּהְיוֺתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה Gen 4:8 (J) when they were in the field, הַמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁרהָֿיָה שָׁם אָהֳלֹה בַּתְּחִלָּה Gen 13:3 (J) the place where his tent had stood at first; וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם Gen 34:10 and the land, it lieth before you; compare Josh 19:1; Judg 7:1; Judg 7:8; Mic 5:6; Mic 5:7 followed by עַל be, be found or situated upon Isa 30:25 and there shall be upon every high mountain etc., streams, water-courses; Ezek 37:27 and my dwelling-place shall be over them; figurative of guilt דָּמִים וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ Deut 19:10 and blood (-guilt) be upon thee.
4. as copula, joining subject & predicate: —
  a. followed by predicate adjective וַיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִּים Gen 2:25, וְהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם Gen 3:1, בִּהְיוֺתָם כֹּאֲבִים Gen 34:25, וַיְהִי יוֺסֵף יְפֵהתֹֿאַר Gen 39:6; Deut 23:15; Josh 19:9; Judg 11:1; Job 1:1; Job 1:3b 2Chr 7:21.
  b. followed by predicate noun Gen 1:2; Gen 9:18; Gen 25:3; Gen 36:14; Gen 40:13; 1Sam 17:34; 1Sam 17:42; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 20:25; 1Kgs 10:6; 2Kgs 3:4; 2Kgs 5:1 (twice in verse); 1Chr 9:20; 1Chr 11:20; 1Chr 18:10; 1Chr 26:10; 2Chr 13:7 כִּי לֹאהָֿיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Chr 18:32 (|| 1Kgs 22:33 כִּילֹֿאמֶֿלֶךְ ישׂראל הוּא) +; often of age: וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּןתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים Gen 17:1 (P) 2Kgs 8:17; 2Kgs 14:2; 2Kgs 15:2; 2Kgs 15:33; 2Kgs 18:2; 2Chr 21:20; 2Chr 27:8 +; followed by predicate Infinitive absolute (very anomal.) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר Gen 8:5 = amount to, come to, in enumeration of days of life number of people, amounts of money, etc.: Gen 5:4; Gen 5:5; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 5:14; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32; Gen 23:1 +; Exod 38:24; Num 1:46, etc.
  c. followed by adverb & adverbial phrase: לֹאטֿוֺב הֱיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֺGen 2:18 (J) it is not good that the man be alone; חָדַל לִהְיוֺת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַה כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 (J).
  d. followed by preposition: (a) be with, accompany with עִם, subject most often ׳י or אלהים with added idea of protection, aid Gen 26:3; Gen 31:3; Gen 39:10; Gen 48:21; Josh 1:3; Josh 6:27; Judg 1:19; Judg 2:18; 1Sam 3:19; 1Sam 18:12; 1Sam 20:13; 1Kgs 1:37; 1Chr 11:13; 2Chr 17:3 followed by עִמָּדִי Gen 28:20; Gen 31:5; Gen 35:3 followed by עִם, human subject, of accompaniment וְהָיָההַכֹּהֵןבֶּןאַֿהֲרֹן עִםהַֿלְוִיִּם Neh 10:39; 1Chr 11:12, read also in || 2Sam 23:9 (Th We Dr); = be on the side of 1Kgs 1:8 with עִם also = be near הָיָה עִםגֹּֿרֶן האורנה ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16 (compare Dr); also 2Sam 13:20 implying sexual intercourse, so Gen 39:10 (perhaps gloss, compare Di); peculiar uses with עִם are: וּדְבַראַֿבְנֵר הָיָה עִםזִֿקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Sam 3:17 and the speech of A. had been with the elders of Israel, compare 1Kgs 1:7 וַיְהִי עִםלְֿבַב דָּוִד אָבִּי לִבְנוֺת 1Kgs 8:17 and it was with (i.e. in) the heart of David my father to build, = 2Chr 6:7 compare 1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse); 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:4 also 1Kgs 10:2 = 2Chr 9:1
   (b) be with, followed by אֶת, subject ׳י, אלהים, Gen 21:20; Gen 39:2; Gen 39:21 but also with human subject וּבָנָיוּ הָיוּ אֶתמִֿקְנֵהוּ Gen 34:5, compare 1Sam 29:8 +;
   (c) followed by לְ of possessor כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִידִדִי Isa 5:1 all vineyard had my beloved, Gen 30:30 compare Exod 20:3 = Deut 5:7; Judg 18:27; 1Sam 9:2; 1Kgs 5:6 + often (compare I. 2 d, f, h);
   (d) followed by לְ + other preposition: of boundary וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל מֵעֲרוֺעֵרJosh 13:16, compare וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מִמַּחֲנַיִם vJosh 13:30 וַוְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל לִפְאַת צָפנַָה מִיַּרְדֵּן Josh 18:12, etc.;
   (e) followed by בְּ be among, or of, Amos 1:1 who was one of the herdsmen, 1Kgs 2:7 let them be among those eating, Prov 22:26; Prov 23:20.
5. periphrastic conjug.:
  a. היה + participle, of continuous state, or condition, sometimes, especially late (compare Late Hebrew), of habit, with וַיְהִי also of beginning and continuance (compare Dr§ 135, (5)): participle active Gen 39:22 (J), Exod 3:1 (E), 1Sam 2:11; 1Sam 7:10; 1Sam 18:9 (compare Dr) v1Sam 18:14 v1Sam 18:29; 2Sam 8:15 = 1Chr 18:14. Deut 28:29; Isa 30:20; 1Kgs 5:1; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 5:24; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 9:26; Ezra 4:4; Neh 1:4; Neh 2:13; Dan 1:16 +; Gen 1:6 (P); ׳הָיָה יָרֵא אֶתיֿ 1Kgs 18:3; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Chr 26:1 passive participle Josh 10:26; 1Kgs 13:24; 1Kgs 22:35 וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מָעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה (|| 2Chr 18:34 הָיָה מַעֲמִיד), Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1, וְהָיָה סָגוּר Ezek 44:2, נַעֲשֶׂה ׳ה Neh 5:18, ׳וְאָהוּב לֵאלֹהָיו ה Neh 13:26 — on 2Sam 13:32 compare Dr.
  b. followed by Infinitive with לְ (Dr§ 208, 204): וְהָיָה לְבָעֵר Isa 5:5 and it shall be to burn (is to be, is destined to be burned) etc.; לָבוֺא וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Gen 15:12 and the sun was about to set; וַיְהִי הַשַּׁעַר לִסְגּוֺר Josh 2:5 and the gate was about to be shut; but also וַיְהִי לִדְרשׁ אֱלֹהִים 2Chr 26:5 (nearly = וַיְהִי + Participle) Niph`al Perfect נִהְיָה 1Kgs 1:27 + 6 t. + Mic 2:4 (compare below near the end); 3 feminine singular נִהָיְתָה Judg 19:30 + 5 t., נִהְיָ֑תָה Exod 11:6; Jer 48:19 וְנִהְיָ֑תָה consecutive Ezek 39:8 + Ezek 21:12 (strike out B Manuscripts ᵐ5 Co); 2 masculine singular נִהְיֵיתָ Deut 27:9 1 singular ךּנהִךְייךתי Dan 8:27 Participle feminine singular נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 —
1. either, be done, be brought about, or occur, come to pass: in the strong expressions וְכָמֹהוּ לֹא תֹסִף אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹהוּ ׳לֹא נ Exod 11:6 (J) a cry such as hath not occurred (been raised), and will not be again, compare Deut 4:32 (be done; || נִשְׁמַע), & Judg 19:30 (|| נִרְאֲתָה); — but simply intransitive Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & apparently Ezek 21:12 (|| בָּאָ֫ה; on text, however, see above) Ezek 39:8 (|| id.); — also אֵיכָה נִהְיְתָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת Judg 20:3 how hath this wickedness been done ? compare vJudg 20:12; Jer 5:30; Jer 48:19 also Neh 6:8 with לֹא, existence denied ׳לֹא נ Zech 8:10 (|| אֵינֶ֑נָּה); in all the above (except Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & Ezek 21:12; Ezek 39:8) personal agency is clearly implied; it is expressed ׳מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶץ נ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה 1Kgs 1:27, so of divine agency (מֵאִתִּי) 1 K i1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4 further be attained, secured, of wages Zech 8:10 (with לֹא, || אֵינֶ֑נָּה); תַּאֲוָּה נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 a desire come to pass, realized.
2. be done, finished, gone, only Daniel וּשְׁנָתוֺ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dan 2:1 and his sleep was finished upon him, i.e. left him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19); נִהְיֵיתִי Dan 8:27 I came to an end, was exhausted (si vera lectio, strike out ᵐ5; || נֶחֱלֵיתִי); נִהְיָה, in וְנָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה Mic 2:4, is dubious; it is done, over, the ruin is come Rob-Ges Ew Hi Ca Che L RVm;? < omit as dittograph StaZAW 1886, 122 f. compare JBL1890, 74.77.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

BDB9469 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9471

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה71 verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K§ 47, l) b) Dr§ 204 Obs. NöM 215 ff.; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D§ 61, lc) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —
1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.
2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.
3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, pass, was, were, came, …
hāyâ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
  • to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
    • (Qal)
      • to occur
        • to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
          • "to come about, come to pass
        to come into being, become
        • to arise, appear, come
          • "to become
          • to become
            • "to become like"to be instituted, be established
        to be
        • to exist, be in existence
          • "to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)"to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)"to accompany, be with
      (Niphal)
      • to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
        • "to be done, be finished, be gone

מִ דֵּ֣י
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
דֵּ֣י
Root word enough, from, sufficient, able, since, …
Dictionary form: דַּי · dai

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: after
from ×3 since ×3 enough ×2 able ×1 able to bring ×1 according to ×1 after ×1 after our ability ×1
More options
enough — Most neutral, broadly applicable rendering for sufficiency.
sufficient — Slightly more formal; good for legal or priestly contexts.
adequate — Modern alternative to 'sufficient'; fits prose narrative well.
as much as is needed — Idiomatic phrase; clarifies measure when context demands it.
ability — Use when דַּי expresses capacity or means, not quantity.
since — Temporal/causal use; fits constructions meaning 'from the time that'.

BDB1910 H1767

BDB1909 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1911

דַּי substantive sufficiency, enough (Late Hebrew, but not known in other cognate languages) — construct דֵּי, with suffix (see below) דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ, דַּיָּם: —

1. absolute thrice only Mal 3:10 I will pour you out a blessing עַדבְּֿלִידָֽֿי until there is not sufficiency, i.e. until my abundance can be exhausted, or, as this can never be, for ever (compare Ps 72:7), Esth 1:18 וּכְדַי בִּזָּיוֺן וָקָ֑צֶף and (there will be) as enough (i.e. in plenty) contempt and wrath, 2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי = לְמַהדַּֿי for what was sufficient. With a genitive of the person or thing for which anything suffices: Exod 36:5 מִדֵּי הָעֲבֹדָה (more) than enough for the work, Lev 5:7 and if his hand do not reach (if he do not command) דֵּי שֶׂה enough for (i.e. to buy) a lamb, Lev 12:8; Lev 25:28 דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֺ enough for recovering it, Deut 15:8 דֵּי מַחְסֹרוֺ enough for his need, Isa 40:16 (twice in verse). With suffix Prov 25:16 אֱכֹל דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ eat that which is sufficient for thee; דַּיָּם Exod 36:7; Jer 49:9; Obad 1:5. Once with genitive of the thing which is sufficient, Prov 27:27 דֵּי חֲלֵב עִזִּים enough of goats' milk.

2. Combined with בְּ, כְּ, and especially מִן, דַּי (דֵּי) has a tendency to form compound prepositions, used idiomatically in certain applications: —
  a. בְּדֵי (α) for (the בְּ pretii) what suffices for: Nah 2:13 the lion tare in pieces בְּדֵי גֹרוֺתָיו for the need of his whelps (|| לְלִבְאֹתָיו; but ? כְּדֵי, see b); iron. Hab 2:13; Jer 51:58 the peoples labour בְּדֵיאֵֿשׁ for fire (only to satisfy the fire), and the nations weary themselves בְּדֵירִֿיק for what is empty. (β) in the abundance of, i.e. as often as Job 39:25 בְּדֵי שׁוֺפָר in the abundance of the trumpet, i.e. as often as the trumpet sounds (מִדֵּי elsewhere in this sense).
  b. כְּדֵי according to the sufficiency, or abundance, of Lev 25:26 and find כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֺ according to the sufficiency of his redemption, i.e. as much as it demands, Deut 25:2; Neh 5:8 כְּדֵי בָנוּ (stative construct before בְּ: Ges«GKC:130»§ 130, 1) 'quantum in nobis erat,' after our ability, Judg 6:5 they came כְּדֵי אַרְבֶּה לָרֹב according to the abundance of the locust in multitude (for which כָּאַרְבֶּה לָרֹב would ordinarily be said: compare Judg 7:12).
  c. מִדֵּי out of the abundance of, hence as often as; — (α) followed by infinitive 1Sam 1:7 מִדֵּי עֲלֹתָהּ = as often as she went up, 1Sam 18:30; 1Kgs 14:28 (= 2Chr 12:11) 2Kgs 4:8; Isa 28:19 מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ as often as it passeth over, Jer 31:20 (β) followed by substantive, Jer 48:27 מִדֵּי דְבָרֶיךָ בּוֺ as often as thy words (are) of him; and in the idiomatic phrases מִדֵּי שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה = yearly (a combination of מִדֵּי שָׁנָה and שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה: see below שָׁנָה) 1Sam 7:16 (see Dr) Zech 14:16; 2Chr 24:5 and מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23 as often as month (comes) in its month (i.e. in its own time: חֹדֶשׁ made more precise by the add. of בְּחָדְשׁוֺ; compare the phrase דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ): so מִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ ib.; (γ) as conjunction, with the finite verb (אֲשֶׁר being understood: compare בַּעֲבוּר etc.), Jer 20:8 מִדֵּי אֲדַבֵּר as often as I speak.

BDB4521 H1767 H4078 H4100

BDB4520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4522

מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.

מִדֵּי see דַּי.

מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.

מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.

מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.

מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.

מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.

[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.

מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.

[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.

[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.

enough, from, sufficient, able, since, …
day
enough (as noun or adverb), used chiefly with preposition in phrases
  • sufficiency, enough
    • enough
      • "for, according to the abundance of, out of the abundance of, as often as

צֵאתָ ֗ם
צֵאתָ
Root word out, forth, brought, came, bring, …
֗ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: יָצָא · yaw-TSAW

Verb — Qal, Infinitive Construct, construct state simple action — "he did" try "to ___" or "___ing"

In the KJV here: they went forth
went out ×70 and went out ×32 came out ×32 go out ×28 go forth ×25 went forth ×23 came forth ×16 come out ×15
More options
go out — Broadest, most natural modern equivalent; prefer for motion.
come out — Use when movement is toward the speaker or reader.
go forth — Slightly formal; suits proclamations, commissions, or marching.
depart — Emphasizes leaving a place; good for journeys or exits.
emerge — Highlights appearance from concealment or enclosure.
issue forth — Best for liquid, breath, speech, or abstract things flowing out.

BDB3658 H3318

BDB3657 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3659

יָצָא1068 verb go or come out (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְעָא; Ethiopic , Assyrian âƒû DlHWB 237, all = go out, forth; Syriac go forth (in sense of germinate), grow; Phoenician יצא march out; compare SI5 המוצא the source (of water); Sabean וצַא go out, DHM in MV; Arabic is be or become fair, beautiful, neat, clean, compare NöZMG 1886, 725) — Perfect יָצָא Gen 10:11 + 92 t.; 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Num 16:35 + 13 t.; יָצָ֑אָה Isa 28:29 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Gen 24:5 + 7 t.; 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jer 31:4 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exod 13:3; Deut 11:10 וִיצָאתֶם Judg 21:21; Mal 3:20 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jer 10:20, etc.; Imperfect יֵצֵא Gen 15:4 + 64 t.; וַיֵּצֵא Gen 4:16 + 132 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exod 21:7 + 22 t.; וַתֵּצֵא Gen 30:16 + 14 t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּצֵא Deut 20:1 + 16 t.; 3 plural יֵצְאוּ Gen 15:14 +; יֵצֵ֑אוּ Gen 17:6 +; 3 feminine plural וַתֵּצֶ֫אנָה 1Sam 18:6; 2Kgs 2:24 וַתֵּצֶאןָ Exod 15:20 2 feminine plural תֵּצֶ֫אנָה Amos 4:3, etc.; Imperative צֵא Gen 8:16 + 15 t.; וָצֵ֑אָה Judg 9:29 feminine singular צְאִי Song 1:8 masculine plural Gen 19:14 + 11 t.; צֵ֑אוּ Isa 49:9; Ezek 9:7 + Jer 58:8 Qr (Kt יֵצֵ֑אוּ) צְאֶינָה Song 3:11 Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Gen 8:7 + 2 t.; יָצאֹ Gen 27:30 + 3 t.; Infinitive construct צֵאת Gen 24:11 + 31 t.; suffix צֵאתִי Exod 9:29 + 3 t.; צֵאתֵנוּ Josh 9:12 צֵאתְךָ Deut 16:3 + 10 t., etc.; Participle (יוֺצֵא) יֹצֵא Gen 2:10 + 62 t.; feminine singular שֶׁיֹּצָא Eccl 10:5 ) יֹצֵאת׳(יו Gen 24:15 + 11 t.; יֹצֵת Deut 28:37, etc.; —

1. go or come out or forth:
  a. from (מִן) a place, e.g. a tent Gen 31:33 (E; opposed to בּוֺא בְ), מִפֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד Lev 8:33; Lev 10:7 (P), compare מִןהַֿמִּקְדָּשׁ Lev 21:22 (H); from a house 2Sam 11:8, the doors (דלתי) of a house Josh 2:19 (JE), Judg 11:31 מִפֶתח ביתו Exod 12:22 (JE), from a camp 1Sam 13:17; 2Kgs 7:12, a city Gen 19:14 (J), Gen 12:4 (P), 1Kgs 11:29; 1Kgs 20:17; Mic 4:10, a cave 1Sam 24:9, the ark Gen 9:18 (J), Gen 8:16; Gen 8:19 (both P); out of vineyards Judg 21:21 followed by accusative אֶתהָֿעִיר Gen 44:4 (E), Exod 9:29 (J); with בְּ also, of gate Jer 17:19; Neh 2:13 followed by accusative local. לֹא אֵצֵא פָ֑תַח Job 31:34 participle construct יֹצְאֵי הֵַתּבָה Gen 9:10 (P), יֹצְאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֺ Gen 34:24 (P); absolute Josh 2:5 (JE), Judg 3:24; Exod 34:34 (P), Num 33:3 (P; Israel going out [from Egypt]), 2 h Num 26:20 +; specify., of going out (מִן) from a land (of emigration) Gen 10:11; Gen 10:14; Gen 24:5 (all J); patric. of coming forth from (the land of) Egypt (the Exodus) Exod 12:41 (J), Exod 13:3; Exod 13:8; Exod 23:15; Exod 34:18; Num 11:20; Num 22:5 (all J E), and especially D, Deut 4:45; Deut 4:46; Deut 9:7; Deut 11:10; Deut 16:3 (twice in verse); Deut 16:6; Deut 23:5; Deut 24:9; Deut 25:17; Josh 2:10; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:5; Josh 5:6 (all D), Num 33:1 (P), 1Kgs 6:1; 1Kgs 8:9 = 2Chr 5:10; 2Kgs 21:15; Jer 7:25; Hag 2:5; Ps 114:1. b go forth from (the presence of) a person: Exod 8:26; Exod 9:33; Exod 10:6 (all followed by מֵעִם), Gen 44:28; Exod 5:20; Jer 2:37 (מֵאֵת), Judg 3:19 (מֵעָלָיו); followed by מִלִּפְנֵי Gen 4:16 (J), Gen 41:46; Gen 47:10; Esth 8:15; Eccl 10:5 followed by מֵעִם פְּנֵי Job 1:12, מֵאֵת פְּנֵי Job 2:7 followed by suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jer 10:20 (see De Eccl 7:18).
  c. in technical senses: absolute go forth, of emancipation Exod 21:2; Exod 21:3 (twice in verse); Exod 21:4; Exod 21:5; Exod 21:7 (3 t. in verse); Exod 21:11 (all J E), compare יצא מִתַּחַת יַדאֲֿרָם 2Kgs 13:5 of release in the year of jubilee, land, etc. Lev 25:28; Lev 25:30; Lev 25:31; Lev 25:33 (all H), Lev 27:21 (P); also of a debtor-slave Lev 25:54 (H); suffix divorce וְיָָֽצְאָה מִבֵּיתוֺ Deut 24:2 of condemnation בְּהִשָּֽׁפְטוֺ יֵצֵא רָשָׁע Ps 109:7 when he is judged let him go out as a criminal, i.e. be condemned: of bowels (מֵעִים) falling out by reason of disease 2Chr 21:15; 2Chr 21:19.
  d. of flight, involving escape: followed by הַחוּ֫צָה, || נוּס, flee Gen 39:12; Gen 39:15 (J), כִּי נָצאֹ תֵצֵא Jer 48:9 opposed to taken (by lot) 1Sam 14:41 רָעָה אֲשֶׁר לֹאיֿוּכְלוּ לָצֵאת מִמֶּ֑נָּה Jer 11:11 calamity from which they shall not be able to escape; perhaps also יְרֵא אֱלֹהִים יֵצֵא אֶתכֻּֿלָּם Eccl 7:18 he that feareth God shall escape (or be freed from, see De Hi-Now Mishna) all of them (see VB), — on accusative with יצא see De.
  e. depart בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ Gen 35:18 i.e. when she was expiring; so תֵּצֵא רוּחוֺ Ps 146:4 בְּצֵאת הַיַּיִן מִנָּבָל 1Sam 25:27 i.e. when Nabal became sober; also figurative וַיֵּצֵא לִבָּם Gen 42:28 (E) i.e. their heart failed (|| וַיֶּחֶרְדוּ); rust from (מִן) caldron Ezek 24:16 (see Co Ezek 12:5); of glory of ׳י Ezek 10:18 וַיֵּצֵא מִן בַּתצִֿיּוֺן כָּלהֲֿדָרָהּ Lam 1:6 hence infinitive = exit, end בְּצֵאת הַשָּׁנָה Exod 23:16 (JE), and, refundantly, כְּעֵת צֵאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם 2Chr 21:19 i.e. at the end of two years feminine of inanimate things: river out of Eden Gen 2:10 (J), water out of rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:11 (JE), from Lehi Judg 15:19 of molten calf out of fire Exod 32:24(E); of gold (after refining) Job 23:10 (absolute, in simile); in prophecy of fountain from house of ׳י Ezek 47:1; Ezek 47:8; Ezek 47:12; Zech 14:8; Joel 4:18 of seed (semen virile) from man Lev 15:16; Lev 15:32 (P), Lev 22:4 (H); of weapon which has pierced body 2Sam 2:23 (מֵאַחֲרָיו), 2Kgs 9:24 (מִלִּבּוֺ), Job 20:25 (מִגֵּוַה); וַתֵּצֵא אַחֲרָיו מַשְׂאַת הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Sam 11:8 and there went out ( = was sent out) after him the king's portion (i.e. the food given by the king); idiomatically of expenditure of money 2Kgs 12:13 (absolute, compare Hiph`il v.2Kgs 12:12); of swift movement of arrow from bow Zech 9:14 (like lightning), of lightning out of fire Ezek 1:13 absolute of sunrise (subject שֶׁמֶשׁ) Judg 5:31 (in simile), Gen 19:23, compare Isa 13:10 (so Assyrian, e.g. ultu ƒît šanši adi êrib šanši COT Gen 19:23); of rising of stars (כּוֺכָבִים) Neh 4:15 of sentence of judge Hab 1:4 (twice in verse); Ps 17:2 of judgment, or right appearing (with simile of light) Hos 6:5 (read וּמִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֺר יֵצֵא), Isa 62:1 of a lot וַיֵּצֵא הַנּוֺרָל לִבְנֵי יוֺסֵף Josh 16:1 (JE), and especially P, Num 33:54; Josh 19:1; Josh 19:17; Josh 19:24; Josh 19:32; Josh 19:40; Josh 21:4, compare also ויצא גְּבוּל גּוֺרָלָם Josh 18:11 (P)
  g. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source: hyssop out of the wall 1Kgs 5:13 מיהוה יצא הדבר Gen 24:50 (J) from ׳י has the thing proceeded, of a providential arrangement, so ׳מֵעִם י Isa 28:29 מֵרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא רֶשַׁע 1Sam 24:14 (an ancient proverb); of pollution proceeding from (מֵאֵת) prophets Jer 23:15 of fire from Heshbon Num 21:28 (JE), Jer 48:45, compare Judg 9:15; Judg 9:20 (twice in verse); of fire ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י Lev 9:24; Lev 10:2, ׳מֵאֵת י Num 16:35 (all P); in theophany יצא רֶשֶׁף לְרַגְליו Hab 3:5 iniquity from unreceptive heart Ps 73:7 (see I. הֵלֶב 1); wrath ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י Num 17:11 (P); absolute Jer 4:4 = Jer 21:12; Jer 23:19 = Jer 30:23 so salvation Isa 51:5 וְנִשְׁמַתמִֿי יָָֽצְאָה מִמֶּךָּ Job 26:4 of words going forth from mouth of speaker (of solemn or formal speech) מִפִּיכֶם דָּבָר לֹא יֵצֵא Josh 6:10 (JE), Judg 11:26; 1Sam 2:3; Jer 44:17; Job 37:2; Esth 7:8, also Num 30:3; Num 32:24 (both P); of ׳י's words going forth from his mouth, or from him Isa 45:23; Isa 48:3; Isa 51:4; Isa 55:11; Ezek 33:30 of ׳י's words, instruction, command, etc., going froth Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2 (from Jerusalem), Dan 9:23 of human commandment Esth 1:19, compare vEsth 1:17.
  h. of children as going forth from loins (of father) מִמֵּעִים 2Sam 7:12; 2Sam 16:11 מֵחֲלָצִים Gen 35:11 (P), 1Kgs 8:19 = 2Chr 6:9 followed by מִן alone 2Kgs 20:18 = Isa 39:7 also יֹצְאֵי יְרֵכוֺ Judg 8:30; Gen 46:26; Exod 1:5 (both P); also of birth מֵרֶחֶם (אִמּוֺ) Num 12:12 (JE), Jer 1:5; Jer 20:18; Job 3:11 figurative of sea Job 38:9 of ice vJob 38:29 מִבֶּטֶן אִמּוֺ Job 1:21; Eccl 5:14 literal, source not expressed, Gen 25:25; Gen 25:26; Gen 38:28; Gen 38:29; Gen 38:30 (all J); of untimely birth Exod 21:22 (JE); compare היּוֺצֵ֯ת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ Deut 28:57 (|| תֵּלֵד); of family or race connection (followed by מִן) Nah 1:11; Isa 48:1; 1Chr 1:12; 1Chr 2:53 יצא also of produce of vine (מִגֶּפֶן) Judg 13:14, compare הַיֹּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה Deut 14:22 (read יצא ⅏, see Di); אֶרֶץ מִמֶּנָּה יצא לֶחֶם Job 28:5 of viper proceeding from serpent's root Isa 14:29 further, with idea of unfolding, growth Job 8:16; Job 14:2; Job 31:40 וְיָצָא חֹטֶר מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י Isa 11:1 of the little horn Dan 8:9 so of branches of candlestick in tabernacle Exod 25:32; Exod 25:33; Exod 25:35; Exod 37:18; Exod 37:19; Exod 37:21 (all P); then simply project (tower from wall) Neh 3:25; Neh 3:26; Neh 3:27 of measuring-line going forth (absolute) in a particular direction Jer 31:39 of a boundary (-line) going out (absolute) so as then to turn and make an angle Num 34:4; Num 34:9; Josh 15:3; Josh 15:4; Josh 15:9; Josh 15:11 (twice in verse); Josh 16:2; Josh 16:6; Josh 16:7; Josh 18:15 (twice in verse); Josh 18:17 (twice in verse); Josh 19:12; Josh 19:13; Josh 19:27; Josh 19:34; Josh 19:47.
2. a. go forth to a place Gen 27:3 (J), Jer 14:18; Ezek 3:22; Zech 6:6 (twice in verse); Zech 6:7 +; so וַיֵּצֵא הַפַּרְשְׁדֹ֫נָה Judg 3:22 (see VB); go forth in surrender 1Sam 11:3 (followed by אֶל person) 2Kgs 18:31 = Isa 36:16; Jer 38:17; Jer 38:21 אֵין פֶּרֶץ וְאֵין יוֺצֵאת Ps 144:14 into captivity לֹא יָָֽצְאוּ אִתְּכֶם בַּגּוֺלָה Jer 29:16, compare Jer 48:7; Zech 14:2 also יָצָא מִןהַֿמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה Jer 22:11, compare בָּנַי יְצָאֻנִי Jer 10:20.
  b. go forward proceed to or toward something, figurative, מֵרָעָה אֶלֿ רָעָה יָצָ֑אוּ Jer 9:2 from evil to evil they go on; in like manner 2Sam 20:8 si vera lectio, but read rather וְהִיא יָָֽצְאָה and it (i.e. the sword) came out (of the sheath) and fell ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu.
  c. come or go forth, with especially reference to purpose or result: וְיָצָאתִי אַחֲרָיו וְהִכִּתִיו 1Sam 17:35, compare 1Sam 24:15 יָצָא שָׁאוּל לְבַקֵּשׁ נַפְשׁוֺ 1Sam 23:15, compare 1Sam 26:20, further 2Sam 2:13; 2Sam 18:4; 1Kgs 20:18 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 20:19; 1Kgs 20:39; 2Kgs 5:2; Mic 1:11; Jer 37:5; Zech 14:3; Dan 11:11; Dan 11:44 +; of an adulteress Prov 7:15 of an angel Num 22:32 (JE), Dan 9:22 for יֵצֵא ֗֗֗ אִתְּכֶם 1Sam 22:3 (let my father etc.go forth [to be] with you, compare Klo) read perhaps יֵשְׁבוּ as ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Kit, see also Dr; of army marching out to form battle line יֹצֵא אֶלהַֿמַּעֲרָכָה 1Sam 17:20 (with article, ᵑ0, < omitted by We Dr Kit Bu); בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר יָָֽצְאוּ Judg 2:15 in all to which they went forth, יָצָא לפני 1Sam 8:20 of king going out at the head of his soldiers; so of ׳י before his people Judg 4:14; 2Sam 5:24; Ps 68:8, compare Ps 108:12; 1Chr 14:15 of ׳י going out from Seir Judg 5:14, compare Hab 3:13 of the hand of ׳י, in hostility ׳יָָֽצְאָה בִי יַדיֿ Ruth 1:13 absolute of fire breaking out Exod 22:5 (JE).
3. of combinations, note esp.: יָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב (infinitive absolute) Gen 8:7 going out and returning, nearly = to and fro; אִישׁ יוֺצֵא ֗֗֗ יֹצֵא יָצוֺא וּמְקַלֵּל 2Sam 16:5 = coming forth, cursing as he came; יצא ובא, literal אֵין יוֺצֵא וְאֵין בָּא Josh 6:1 none went out and none came in, i.e. there was no free egress or ingress (of besieged city), compare 1Kgs 15:17 = 2Chr 16:1; 2Chr 15:5 to go out and come in before, of leader in war Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:16, compare 1Sam 29:6 figurative Deut 28:6 blessed shalt thou be בבואך ובצאתך, i.e. when thou completest and beginnest any undertaking, so vDeut 28:19; Deut 31:2 לא אוכל לצאת ולבוא, i.e. I can no more engage in active undertakings; similarly Josh 14:11; 1Kgs 3:7; Isa 37:28 ( + שִׁבְתְּךָ) = 2Kgs 19:27; Ps 121:8. Hiph`il278 Perfect הוֺצִיא Gen 14:18 +; וְהוֺצִא consecutive Deut 22:14 הוֺצֵאתָ Exod 32:11 + 7 t.; וְהוֺצֵאתָ֫ Num 20:8 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular וְהוֺצֵאת 1Kgs 17:13 suffix הוֺצִיאַ֫נִי Ezek 42:15 הוֺצִיאָ֫נוּ Exod 13:14 + 2 t.; הוֺצִיאֲךָ Deut 6:12; Deut 16:1, הוֺצִאֲךָ Exod 13:9; Deut 7:19 הוֺצִיאָם Exod 32:12 + 2 t., etc.; Imperfect (יֹצִא) יוֺצִיא Lev 16:27 + 9 t.; (וַיּצֵא) וַיּוֺצֵא Gen 15:5 + 23 t.; (וַיֹּצִא) וַיּוֺצִא Deut 4:20 + 4 t.; suffix יוֺצִיאֵנִי Mic 7:9 וַיּוֺצִאֲךָ Deut 4:37; Deut 5:15 וַיּוֺצִאָהּ Exod 4:6; Exod 4:7 3 feminine singular תּוֺצִיא Isa 61:11; Hag 1:11 jussive תּוֺצֵא Gen 1:24 וַתּוֺצֵא vGen 1:12; Ruth 2:18 2 masculine singular תּוֺצִיא Exod 12:46 + 5 t.; חֲתֹצִיא Job 38:32 וַתֹּצֵא Jer 32:21 (וַיֹּצִאוּ) וַיּוֺצִיאוּ Lev 24:23 +; suffix וַיּוֺצִיאֻהוּ 2Kgs 12:12 וַיֹּצִאֻהוּ Gen 19:16 וַיֹּצִיאֻהוּ 1Kgs 21:13 יוֺצִיאוּם 1Chr 9:28, etc.; Imperative הוֺצֵא Gen 19:12 + 5 t. + Gen 8:17 Kt (Qr הַיְצֵא); הוֺצִיא Isa 43:8 הוֺצִ֫יאָה Ps 142:8 suffix הוֺצִיאֵנִי Ps 25:17; 1Kgs 22:34, etc.; Infinitive construct הוֺצִיא Exod 6:13 +; suffix (הוֺצִאִי) הוֺצִיאִי Exod 16:32 +; לְהוֺצִאֵהוּ Jer 39:14, anomalous (Köi. 642), etc.; Participle מוֺצִיא Exod 6:7 + 11 t.; מוֺצֵא Ps 135:7 suffix מוֺצִיאִי 2Sam 22:49, מוֺצִיאֲךָ Deut 8:14; Deut 13:11, etc.; —
1. cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out:
  a. a person from a place, + מִן local, out of prison, etc. Gen 40:14 (E), Jer 20:3; Jer 52:31 (not || 2Kgs 25:27); so with the servant of ׳י subject Isa 42:7 out of house Josh 6:22 (JE), a city Gen 19:12 (J), Ezek 14:22 (so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Co VB; ᵑ0 Hoph`al); of ׳י bringing people of Jerusalem out of city to deliver them to enemy Ezek 11:7 (ᵑ0 (one) shall bring, but read 1 singular, see VB), vEzek 11:9 from a land Jer 26:33 especially of Moses bringing Israelites out of Egypt Exod 3:10; Exod 3:11; Exod 3:12 (E), Exod 14:11 (J); of Moses and Aaron Exod 6:13; Exod 6:26; Exod 6:27 (P); of ׳י bringing Israelites out of (מִן) Egypt Exod 18:1; Exod 20:2; Josh 24:6 (all E), Exod 13:3; Exod 13:9; Exod 13:14; Exod 13:16; Exod 32:11; Num 20:16; Num 23:22; Num 24:8 (all J E), Deut 1:27; Deut 4:20; Deut 4:37; Deut 5:6; Deut 5:15; Deut 6:12; Deut 6:21; Deut 6:23; Deut 8:14; Deut 9:12; Deut 9:26; Deut 9:28; Deut 13:6; Deut 13:11; Deut 16:1; Deut 26:8 (all D), Lev 19:36; Lev 22:33; Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:44; Lev 25:55; Lev 26:13; Lev 26:45 (all H), Exod 6:6; Exod 6:7 (מִתַּחַת סִבְלֹת מצרים), Exod 7:4; Exod 7:5; Exod 12:17; Exod 12:42; Exod 12:51; Exod 16:6; Exod 16:32; Exod 29:46; Num 15:41 (all P), Judg 2:12; Judg 6:8; 1Sam 12:8; 1Kgs 8:16 = 2Chr 6:5; 1Kgs 8:21; 1Kgs 8:51; 1Kgs 8:53; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 7:22; Jer 11:4; Jer 31:32; Jer 32:21; Jer 34:13; Ezek 20:6; Ezek 20:10, compare vEzek 20:9 (strike out Co), 2Chr 7:22; Ps 136:11; Dan 9:15 absolute, same sense, Josh 24:5 (E), Deut 7:8; Deut 7:19; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ps 105:37; Ps 105:43 of ׳י bringing Israelites out of exile (followed by מִן) Ezek 20:34; Ezek 20:41; Ezek 34:13 object rebels (out of, מִן, land) Ezek 20:38 of charioteer bringing Ahab out of battle 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33 of Joseph's bringing out his sons from between Jacob's knees Gen 48:12 (E).
  b. of bringing from a place for a particular purpose (human subject) Exod 19:17 (מִן); also (point of departure not expressed, and purpose sometimes only implied) Gen 38:24 (J), Josh 2:3; Josh 6:23 (twice in verse); Judg 6:30; 2Sam 12:31 = 1Chr 20:3; 2Kgs 11:12 = 2Chr 23:11; 2Chr 23:14; Isa 43:8 ׳י subject, of bringing Israelites out of Egypt to slay them Exod 32:16 (JE), Deut 9:28; Deut 9:29 object Gog Ezek 38:4 subject ׳יַד י Ezek 37:1.
  c. lead out as an army 2Sam 10:16 = 1Chr 19:16, so of ׳י Isa 43:17 hence with הֵבִיא, of a ruler's function to lead people out and in 2Sam 5:2 = 1Chr 11:2; Num 27:17 (P).
  d. הוֺצִיא מֵרֶחֶם of God's agency in birth Job 10:18.
  e. = remove (from a person's presence) הוֺצִיאוּ כָלאִֿישׁ מֵעָלָ֑י Gen 45:1; 2Sam 13:9 without || מעל v2Sam 13:18. feminine of putting away wives and children Ezra 10:3; Ezra 10:19 (opposed to הוֺשִׁיב vEzra 10:2, compare יצאה מביתו Deut 24:2).
  g. bring out person unto (אֶל) a place (human subject) Josh 10:22; Josh 10:23 (JE), Deut 17:5; Deut 22:21; Deut 22:24 (all D), Lev 24:14; Lev 24:23 (H), Num 15:36 (P; all אֶלמִֿחוּץ), 1Kgs 21:10; 1Kgs 21:13 (מִחוּץ of motion to), 2Kgs 11:15 = 2Chr 23:14 לְהוֺצִאֵהוּ אֶלהַֿבָּ֑יִת Jer 39:14 subject angels in form of men Gen 19:16; Gen 19:17 (J), Ezek 42:1; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 46:21; Ezek 47:2 also Gen 15:5 (J E; ׳י subject); for a specific purpose Exod 16:3 (P).
  h. unto a person Gen 43:23 (J), with purpose expressed or implied Hos 9:13; Gen 19:5; Gen 19:8 (J), Judg 19:22; Judg 19:24; Josh 10:24 (JE), Jer 38:23; Ezra 8:7 (with על) Kt (but read Qr אֲצַוֶּה).
  i. unto a place and a person Josh 10:22; Josh 10:23 (JE), Deut 21:19; Judg 19:25.
2. figurative, object persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc. Ps 25:17; Ps 68:7; Ps 107:14; Ps 107:28; Ps 142:8; Ps 143:11 deliver from enemies 2Sam 22:49 (but || Ps 18:49 מְפַלְּטִי); one's feet out of net Ps 25:15; Ps 31:5 bring out into a large place 2Sam 22:20 = Ps 18:20, compare Ps 66:12.
3. bring out animals: horses out of Egypt 1Kgs 10:29 = 2Chr 1:17 (but read Qal יֵצְאוּ ᵐ5 Klo Kmp in KauAT), 2Chr 1:17; 2Chr 9:28 animals (from ark, no מן) Gen 8:17 (P);for sacrifice, to a place Num 19:3.
4. inanimate object:
  a. carry or bring out (with and without מִן)Exod 12:39 (E) Amos 6:10; 2Sam 12:30 = 1Chr 20:2; 2Kgs 10:26; 2Kgs 23:4; 2Kgs 23:6; 2Kgs 24:13; 1Chr 9:28; 2Chr 29:5; 2Chr 29:16 (twice in verse); 2Chr 34:14; Jer 8:1; Jer 17:22; Jer 50:25 (subject ׳י), Ezek 12:4; Ezek 12:7 (in vEzek 12:5 vEzek 12:6 vEzek 12:7b. vEzek 12:12 read Qal, compare vEzek 12:4b, so Co), also Ezek 24:6 (Co Ezek 24:10); object הָאֶבֶן הָראֹשָׁה Zech 4:7; Lev 26:10 (H), Ezra 1:7 (twice in verse); Ezra 1:8.
  b. take or draw out (from one's person or luggage) Gen 24:53 (J); draw out hand from one's bosom Exod 4:6; Exod 4:7 (J), compare Ruth 2:18 (food from one's cupboard).
  c. = draw חַרְבִּי מִתַּעְרָ֑הּ Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:10 (subject ׳י).
  d. bring outto a place Deut 28:38; Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21; Lev 6:4; Lev 14:45; Lev 16:27; Ezek 46:20, compare Deut 14:28.
  e. bring out to (or for) a person Gen 14:18; Judg 6:19 compare vJudg 6:18, 1Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 10:22 (twice in verse). feminine bring out from (מִן) a place to people Num 17:24 (P).
  g. bring out in payment, pay (money, tribute, etc.) 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 15:20 (עַל = in behalf of: or put it forth, imposed it, on Israel).
  h. bring forth (= cause to rise or appear) the heavenly bodies Isa 40:26; Job 38:32 see also וְתַעֲלֻמָה יֹצִא אוֺר Job 28:11 and hidden things he (the miner) bringeth forth tolight.
  i. bring forth by miracle: Moses. water out of rock Num 20:8; Num 20:10 (JE); ׳י id. Deut 8:15; Neh 9:15; Ps 78:16.
  j. = produce, generate, bring into being: of magicians trying to produce lice Exod 8:14 (P); a smith producing weapon Isa 54:16 see the threefold הוציא Prov 30:33 (3 t. in verse); of ׳י causing לֶחֶם to proceed out of (מִן) earth Ps 104:14 elsewhere of earth as producing Gen 1:12; Gen 1:24 (both P), Isa 61:11; Hag 1:11 of Aaron's rod bringing forth blossoms Num 17:28 (P).
  k. bring forth words (out of mouth, etc.), i.e. speak Job 8:10; Job 15:3; Prov 10:18; Prov 29:11; Neh 6:19; Isa 48:20 (|| הגיד, השׁמיע); absolute Eccl 5:1 of publishing a report עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע ׳הו Deut 22:14 (|| שָׂם לָהּ עֲלִילֹת דְּבָרִים) compare vDeut 22:19 דִּבַּת הָאָרֶץ ( רָעָהׅ ׳הו Num 13:32; Num 14:37 so Num 14:36 (דִּבָּה עַלהָֿאָרֶץ).
5. figurative, subject ׳י, bring forth from (מִן) Bel's mouth what he has swallowed Jer 5:44 wind, out of treasuries Jer 10:13; Jer 51:16; Ps 135:7 fire, out of Tyre Ezek 28:18 curse, over the land Zech 5:4 of Jeremiah, מִזּוֺלֵל אִם תּוֺצִיא יָקָר Jer 15:19 if thou bring forth the precious from (Gie without) the base, i.e. if thou free that which is pure in thee from base admixture (Gf; Gie if thou produce the noble without the base); bring forth, i.e. exhibit, righteousness (nnocence Che) Ps 37:6; Jer 51:10 (compare Qal 1 f end); וַיֹּצֵא לָאוֺר צַלְמָוֶת Job 12:22, compare Mic 7:9 subject servant of ׳י of publishing מִשְׁפָּט (i.e. religion) to the world Isa 42:1; Isa 42:3. Hoph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular הוּצָ֑אָה Ezek 38:8 (strike out Co); Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת Gen 38:25 masculine plural מוּצָאִים Gen 14:22; Gen 47:8 (but see below); feminine plural מוּצָאוֺת Jer 38:22 — be brought forth Gen 38:25 (J; of Tamar); of women as captives Jer 38:22 remnant out of Jerusalem Ezek 14:22 ᵑ0 (but read Hiph`il, see above); exiles, from among the peoples Ezek 38:8 (omitted by ᵑ6 Co); of waters, אֶלהַֿיָּ֫מָּה הַמּוּצָאִים Ezek 47:8 which are caused to flow into the sea (but ᵑ6 Co אֶלהַֿמַּיִם הַחֲמוּאִים into the sour (bitter, salt) waters, see Field VB).

BDB9947 H3319 H3318

BDB9946 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9948

שׁיציא Kt, שֵׁיצִי Qr verb bring out (to an end), finish (probably Shaph`el as loan-word from Assyrian šû-ƒû, û-še-ƒû, bring out, √ aƒû (וצא, Biblical Hebrew יצא, = Aramaic יְעָא, compare NöGGA 1884, 1019), Dll.c. Hptl.c. Kl.c.; ᵑ7 שֵׁיצִי complete, put an end to, also come to an end, passive be finished, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic SchulthLex. 205); — finish temple: Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Ezra 6:15, but read probably 3 masculine plural שֵׁיצִיו K§ 43, 1 near the end Berthol GuHpt (so ᵐ5 ᵑ9); > Perfect passive BeRy.

out, forth, brought, came, bring, …
yāṣāʾ
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
  • to go out, come out, exit, go forth
    • (Qal)
      • to go or come out or forth, depart
        • "to go forth (to a place)"to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)"to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)"to come out of
      (Hiphil)
      • to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
        • "to bring out of"to lead out"to deliver
      (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

שָׂכַ֤ל
שָׂכַ֤ל
Root word wise, understand, prosper, wisely, understanding, …
Dictionary form: שָׂכַל · saw-KAHL

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: behaved himself more wisely
and understand ×2 any that did understand ×2 is wise ×2 prosper ×2 thou mayest prosper ×2 a wise ×1 and a prudent ×1 and prosper ×1
More options
act wisely — Best default; covers deliberate, thoughtful behavior.
succeed — Emphasizes favorable outcome; good for narrative contexts.
understand — Highlights comprehension; suits didactic or wisdom literature.
be prudent — Stresses careful judgment; fits proverbial or instructional tone.
instruct — Use when the causative sense (teaching others) is foregrounded.
have insight — Nuanced; good for inner discernment or spiritual perception.

BDB8239 H7919

BDB8238 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8240

I. שָׂכַל verb be prudent (Gerber47 denominative from שֶׂכֶל, but verb early; Late Hebrew סָכַל, Hithpa`el shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa`al look (at), consider, Aph`el instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph`el (for Hebrew הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; Pa`el teach, Ethpa`al understand, etc.; Samaritan Ithpa`al look (for Hebrew הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šklûtu, cleverness, MeissnSuppl.93); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׂ 1Sam 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (SS HPS); Kit Buhl Gerber and others prosper. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׂכִּיל Jer 23:5; 1Chr 28:19 1 singular הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי Ps 119:99 3 masculine plural הִשְׂכִּילוּ Job 34:27 +; Imperfect יַשְׂכִּיל 1Sam 18:5 +; 2 masculine singular jussive תַּשְׂכַּל Dan 9:25, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הַשְׂכִּילוּ Ps 2:10 Infinitive absolute הַשְׂכֵּל Jer 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Ges § 53 k) Jer 3:15; Job 34:35 construct הַשְׂכִּיל Gen 3:6 +, etc.; Participle מַשְׂכִּיל 1Sam 18:14 +, feminine מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Prov 19:14 plural מַשְׂכִּילִים Dan 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly; —
1. look at: נְחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Gen 3:6 (J) was desirable to look upon (so ᵐ5 Ges De; AV, RV to make one wise; Ew Di Buhl SS Dr and others below 3).
2. give attention to, consider, ponder: Isa 41:20; Isa 44:18; Deut 32:29; Ps 64:10; Ps 106:7; Job 34:27 with לְ Prov 21:12 with אֶל Ps 41:2; Neh 8:13 with עַל Prov 16:20 with ב Ps 101:2; Dan 9:13.
3. have insight, comprehension: Jer 9:23 (|| ׳יָדַע י), Ps 94:8 (|| בִּין), Ps 119:99, Dan 1:4; Dan 9:25 (|| יָדַע); הַשְׂכֵּ(י)ל assubstantive = insight, understanding: as ׳י's gift to ruler and teacher, || דֵּעָה Jer 3:15 || דַּ֫עַת Job 34:35 || מַדָּע Dan 1:17 מוּסַר ׳הַשׂ Prov 1:3 ׳דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ Prov 21:16.
4. cause to consider, give insight, teach: ׳י subject, accusative of thing, 1Chr 28:19, accusative of person Ps 32:8; Neh 9:20 Gabriel subject, 2 accusative Dan 9:22 לֵב חָכָם subject, accusative of thing Prov 16:23 with לְ, Prov 21:11 ׳הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֺב לי 2Chr 30:22 (but Be Ke Benz etc. who shewed good skill, that is, in music, v2Chr 30:21b); (הַ)מַוְכִּילִים Dan 11:33; Dan 11:35; Dan 12:3; Dan 12:10 the teachers (so Ew Hi Bev; Thes Ke Behrm and others the wise).
5. act circumspectly, prudently: absolute Amos 5:13; Ps 2:10; Ps 36:4 מַשְׂכִּיל as substantive Ps 14:2 = Ps 53:3, Prov 10:5; Prov 10:19; Prov 14:35; Prov 15:24; Prov 17:2; Job 22:2 אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Prov 19:14. — Jer 50:9 has גִּבּוֺר מַשְׁכִּיל according to Masora (van d. H. Baer Gi), compare ᵑ9, i.e. a child-slaying warrior; but ׳שׁ Hiph`il elsewhere only Hos 9:14, of miscarriage; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Ew and most modern (Gf Gie Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate.
6. prosper, have success (compare Dr 1Sam 18:5): absolute 1Sam 18:15; Isa 52:13; Jer 10:21; Jer 20:11; Jer 23:5; Josh 1:8 (D); with ב, vJosh 1:7 (D) 1Sam 18:5; 1Sam 18:14 (read בְּכָלֿ for לְכָלֿ Vrss Th HPS and others), compare 2Kgs 18:7 with אֶל, Prov 17:8.
7. cause to prosper: Deut 29:8; 1Kgs 2:3(D).

BDB8242 H7919

BDB8241 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8243

II. [שָׂכַל] verb Pi`el lay crosswise (so, and not √ I. ׳שׂ, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7Jon and modern, compare Arabic bind legs of beast, plait locks of hair); — Perfect 3 masculine singular שִׂכֵּל אֶתיָֿדָיו Gen 48:14 (J); Thes Dr, however, prudentes fecit, from √ I. ׳שׂ.

BDB9918 H7920 H7919

BDB9917 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9919

[שְׂכַל] verb Hithpe`el consider, contemplate (see Biblical Hebrew I. שׂכל); — Participle מִשְׂתַּכַּל Dan 7:8 (ב of thing).

wise, understand, prosper, wisely, understanding, …
śākal
to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent
  • to be prudent, be circumspect, wisely understand, prosper
    • (Qal) to be prudent, be circumspect
      • "(Hiphil)
      • to look at or upon, have insight
        • "to give attention to, consider, ponder, be prudent"to have insight, have comprehension
        • insight, comprehension (subst)
        to cause to consider, give insight, teach
        • the teachers, the wise
        to act circumspectly, act prudently, act wisely"to prosper, have success"to cause to prosper
    (Piel) to lay crosswise, cross (hands)

דָּוִד֙
דָּוִד֙
Root word a name — transliterate it ("That david")
Dictionary form: דָּוִד · daw-WID

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: that david
david ×341 of david ×222 and david ×220 davids ×36 so david ×26 a psalm of david ×22 then david ×21 unto david ×16
More options
David — Standard modern English spelling; use in all contexts.
David's — Possessive form; for genitive or ownership contexts.
King David — Use when royal identity or authority is emphasized.
David the king — More formal; highlights his royal office explicitly.

BDB1866 H1732

BDB1865 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1867

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד1066 proper name, masculine David, son of יִשַׂי, king of Israel, whose dynasty remained on the throne of Jerusalem till the Babylonian exile (compare 2Sam 7:11-15 etc.) (beloved one ? compare BaNB 189; according to SayceModern Rev. 1884, 158 ff.; Rel. Babylonian 53, 56 f. originally Dodo, title of sun-god worshipped in Israel compare דודה name of divinity among east Jordan Israelites MI12) — דָּוִד always Ruth, Samuel, Kings (except 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36) Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Isaiah, Jeremiah; also 1Chr 13:6; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25 (c. 790 t.); דָּוִיד always Zechariah, Chronicles (except 1Chr 13:6), Ezra, Nehemiah; also Amos 6:5 (where gloss according to PetersHebraica. Apr. 1886, p. 175) Amos 9:11; Hos 3:5; Ezek 34:23; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36; Song 4:4 (c. 276 t.); — first named 1Sam 16:13 compare also Ruth 4:17; Ruth 4:22; 2Sam 1:1 +, 1Kgs 1:1 +, 1Kgs 2:1 +, etc. (see above); in titles of Psalm 3-9, 11-32, 34-41, 51-65, 68-70, 86, 101, 103, 108-110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138-145 (73 in all); also in Ps 18:51 (= 2Sam 22:51); 2Sam 72:20; 2Sam 89:36; 2Sam 89:50; 2Sam 122:5; 2Sam 132:17 עַבְדִּי ׳ד (׳י speaks) 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 7:5; 2Sam 7:8 = 1Chr 17:4; 1Chr 17:7 compare v1Chr 17:26 = 1Chr 17:24, also 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 8:26; 1Kgs 8:66 = 2Chr 6:15; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 6:17; 2Chr 11:32; 2Chr 11:34; 2Chr 11:36; 2Chr 11:38; 2Chr 14:8; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 = Isa 37:35; 2Kgs 20:6 compare further Ps 18:1; Ps 36:1 (both titles compare above) Ps 78:70; Ps 89:4; Ps 89:21; Ps 132:10; Ps 144:10; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:22; Jer 33:26 so also as represented in coming (Messianic) ruler Ezek 34:23; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25, compare Hos 3:5; Jer 30:9 (see עֶבֶד). Phrases are:
  a. ׳עִיר ד (according to SayceMod.Rev.l.c. originally city of god Dod [o]) = stronghold or citadel of Zion, 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9 = 1Chr 11:5; 1Chr 11:7; 2Sam 6:10; 2Sam 6:12; 2Sam 6:16 = 1Chr 13:13; 1Chr 15:1; 1Chr 15:29, compare Isa 22:9 especially of burial of kings 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 8:1 = 2Chr 5:2; 1Kgs 9:24 = 2Chr 8:11; 1Kgs 11:27 v1Kgs 11:43 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 16:14; 1Kgs 22:50 = 2Chr 21:1; 2Kgs 8:24 = 2Chr 21:20; 2Kgs 9:28; 2Kgs 12:22 = 2Chr 24:25; 2Kgs 14:20; 2Kgs 15:7, v2Kgs 15:38 = 2Chr 27:9; 2Kgs 16:20 burial of Jehoiada 2Chr 24:16 further 2Chr 32:5; 2Chr 32:30; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 12:37 compare also ׳קִרְיַת חָנָה ד Isa 29:1.
  b. ׳בֵּית ד 2Sam 3:1; 2Sam 3:6 + (compare בַּיִת 5 c.
  c. ׳אֹהֶל ד Isa 16:5 (compare אֹהֶל 2).
  d. ׳סֻכַּת ד Amos 9:11 (compare סֻכָּה below סכך).
  e. ׳כִּסֵּא ד 2Sam 3:10 compare 1Kgs 1:37; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 2:24; 1Kgs 2:45; Isa 9:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 22:2; Jer 22:30; Jer 29:16; Jer 36:30 compare Jer 13:13; Jer 22:4, (compare also כִּסֵּא). feminine ׳קִבְרֵי ד Neh 3:16 compare 2Chr 32:33 ׳קִבְרֵי בְנֵידֿ (compare קֶבֶר).
  g. ׳מִגְדַּל ד Song 4:4.
  h. אישׁ האלהים ׳כְּלֵישִֿׁיר ד Neh 12:36.
  i. ׳אֱלֹהֵי ד 2Kgs 20:5 + (compare אֱלֹהִים 4 b).
  j. ׳חַסְדֵי ד 2Chr 6:42; Isa 55:3 (compare 2Sam 7:15; 1Kgs 3:6; Ps 89:50; 2Chr 1:8 etc.). — (On text note the following: — דָּוִד 1Sam 30:20a strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ7 We Dr; 2Sam 3:5 read probably name of a former husband of Eglah We Dr; 2Sam 13:39 read רוּחַ Wep.223 Dr; 2Sam 19:44 read בְּכוֺר (for בדוד) ᵐ5 The We Dr; insert דָּוִד 2Sam 9:11; 2Sam 15:32 & 2Sam 24:15 ᵐ5 We Dr; in 1Chr 18:12; Ps 60:1 אבשׁי & יואב are less original than דָּוִד 2Sam 8:13 We Dr).

david, davids
dāwid
beloved
David, the youngest son of Jesse
  • youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel

מִ כֹּל֙
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
כֹּל֙
Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …
Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: than all
all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69
More options
all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.
every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.
whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.
any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.
each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.
entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

BDB4036 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4038

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Köi. 84, 95); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
  a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
  b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
  c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (DrIntr 505), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
  d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
   (a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHMl.c.);
   (b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
  e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
   (a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
   (b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr§ 121 n. Ges«GKC:116»§ 116. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
   (c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges«GKC:141»§ 141. 1 R. 2).
2. Absolutely:
  a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
  b. with art. הַכֹּל:
   (a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
   (b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

BDB9611 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9613

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.
2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).
3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K§ 83 d;) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …
kōl
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
  • all, the whole
    • all, the whole of
      • "any, each, every, anything"totality, everything

עַבְדֵ֣י
עַבְדֵ֣י
Root word servants, servant, bondmen, manservant, bondage, …
Dictionary form: עֶבֶד · eh-BED

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the servants
thy servant ×90 his servants ×68 thy servants ×56 servants ×53 my servant ×40 the servant ×40 his servant ×30 and his servants ×22
More options
servant — Broadest, most neutral choice for most contexts.
slave — Emphasizes legal ownership; use when bondage is explicit.
attendant — Highlights personal service to a superior; courtly contexts.
subject — Good for political/royal contexts; stresses subordination.
worker — Downplays social status; use cautiously, may be too weak.
bondservant — Retains covenantal nuance; useful in theological passages.

BDB5735 H5650

BDB5734 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5736

I. עֶ֫בֶד799 noun masculine slave, servant (on formation LagBN 77); — ׳ע Gen 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Gen 44:10 +; suffix עַבְדִּי Gen 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Gen 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Gen 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Gen 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי Gen 21:25 +, suffix עֲבָדַי Lev 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Josh 9:11 +, etc.; —

1. slave, servant of household Gen 39:17; Gen 39:19; Gen 41:12; Gen 50:2; Exod 21:2 +; man-servant, || אמה Exod 20:10; Lev 25:6; Deut 5:14; Job 31:13 +; || שׁפחה Gen 12:16; Gen 32:6; Jer 34:11; Isa 14:2 +; + אדון Deut 23:16; Isa 24:2; Mal 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exod 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jer 2:14 עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Gen 9:25 בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exod 13:3; Exod 13:14 (D ?) Deut 5:6; Deut 6:12; Deut 7:8; Deut 8:14; Deut 13:6; Deut 13:11; Josh 24:17; Judg 6:8; Jer 34:13; Mic 6:4 וזכרת כי עבד היית מצרים ב(ארץׅ and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deut 5:15; Deut 15:15; Deut 16:12; Deut 24:18; Deut 24:22 king of Babylon is slave to ׳י Jer 25:9; Jer 27:6; Jer 43:10 the borrower to the lender Prov 22:7 figurative of beast Job 40:28 of things Gen 47:19.
2. Subjects, of chief Gen 26:15; Gen 26:19; Gen 26:25; Gen 26:32; Gen 27:37; Gen 32:17 (twice in verse) +; of king Gen 21:25; Exod 7:28; Exod 7:29; 1Kgs 9:27; Deut 29:1 +; vassal kings 2Sam 10:19 tributary nations 2Sam 8:2; 2Sam 8:6; 2Sam 8:14 = 1Chr 18:2; 1Chr 18:6; 1Chr 18:13 specifically officers of king 1Sam 19:1; 1Sam 21:8; 2Sam 11:13; Prov 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Gen 40:20; Gen 41:10 שָׁאוּל ׳ע 1Sam 16:17; 1Sam 18:22; 1Sam 28:7 הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ע 1Kgs 1:47; Esth 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 22:12 = 2Chr 34:20 (a court offical); opposed to שַׂר Prov 19:10; Eccl 10:7 מֶלֶךְ Prov 30:22 ambassadors Num 22:18; 2Sam 10:2 soldiers of army 1Sam 17:8; 1Sam 25:10; 2Sam 2:12, + officers of army 1Sam 29:3; 1Kgs 11:26; 2Kgs 25:8; Isa 36:9.
3. Servants, worshippers, of God: עַבְדֵי יהוה 2Kgs 9:7; 2Kgs 10:23; Isa 54:17, compare Gen 50:17; Isa 56:6 עֲבָדָיו Deut 32:36 = Ps 135:14; Isa 65:15; Isa 66:14; Ps 34:23; Ps 69:37; Neh 2:20 || עַמּוֺ Ps 105:25 compare Deut 32:43 עֲבָּדַי Isa 65:8; Isa 65:9; Isa 65:13 (twice in verse); Isa 69:13; Isa 69:14 עֲבָדֶיךָ 1Kgs 8:23; Isa 63:17 (|| שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Ps 89:51; Ps 90:13; Ps 90:16; Ps 102:15; Ps 102:29; Ps 119:91; Ps 79:2; Ps 79:10 (|| חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Lev 25:42; Lev 25:55 (twice in verse); Lev 26:13 (P); עַבְדְּךָ Ps 119:125; Ps 143:2, || בֶּןאֲֿמָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 86:16; Ps 116:16 (twice in verse); specifically angels Job 4:18 and ancient worthies, patriarchs Exod 32:13 (J) Deut 9:27 Abraham Gen 26:24 (J) Ps 105:6; Ps 105:42 Isaac Gen 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Ezek 28:25; Ezek 37:25; 1Chr 16:13 Moses Exod 14:31; Josh 18:7 (J) Num 12:7; Num 12:8 (E) Deut 34:5 (?) Josh 1:1; Josh 1:2; Josh 1:7; Josh 1:13; Josh 1:15; Josh 8:31; Josh 8:33; Josh 9:24; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:15; Josh 12:6 (twice in verse); Josh 13:8; Josh 14:7; Josh 22:2; Josh 22:4; Josh 22:5 (all D), 1Kgs 8:53; 1Kgs 8:56; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Kgs 21:8; 1Chr 6:34; 2Chr 1:3; 2Chr 24:6; 2Chr 24:9; Neh 1:8; Neh 9:14; Neh 10:30; Ps 105:26; Mal 3:22; Dan 9:11 Joshua Josh 24:29 (E) Judg 2:8 Caleb Num 14:24 (J); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7; Job 42:8 (3 t. in verse); David 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 7:5; 2Sam 7:8; 2Sam 7:26 + 27 t.; Hezekiah 2Chr 32:16 Zerubbabel Hag 2:23 Eliakim Isa 22:20. — The צֶמַח Zech 3:8 compare Zech 6:12 is also servant of ׳י as Messianic builder of temple (see BrMP 442 ff).
4. Servant of ׳י, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Ps 113:1; Ps 134:1; Ps 135:1 usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2Kgs 9:7; 2Kgs 17:13; Jer 7:25; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:15; Jer 44:4; Ezek 38:17; Zech 1:6 עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:10; 2Kgs 24:2; Jer 25:4; Amos 3:7; Dan 9:10 עֲבָדֶיךָ הנביאים Ezra 9:11; Dan 9:6 specifically Ahia 1Kgs 14:18; 1Kgs 15:29 Elijah 2Kgs 9:36; 2Kgs 10:10 Jonah 2Kgs 14:25 Isaiah Isa 20:3 עַבְדּוֺ, || מלאכיו Isa 44:26 as one calling to fear ׳י Isa 50:10.
5. Israel as a people is servant of ׳׃י יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 41:8; Isa 41:9; Isa 44:21 (twice in verse); Isa 49:3; Ps 136:22 יעקב Isa 44:1; Isa 44:2; Isa 45:4; Isa 48:20; Isa 46:27; Isa 47:28 עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, || מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Isa 42:19 (twice in verse); and chosen as witness of ׳י Isa 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isa 42:1 (compare vIsa 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Isa 49:5; Isa 49:6; Isa 49:7 bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Isa 52:13; Isa 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contrasted with the actual; al. of personified || with Zion the wife and mother, distinguished from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in Isa 53) of an actual prophecy known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see Matt 8:16; Matt 8:17; Matt 12:16-21; Luke 4:17-22; Phil 2:5-11]; see DeIsa ii. 174 DaExpos. 1884, 358 ff. Di Du Che and others on Isa 42; Isa 53, DrIs 168 ff. BrMP 345 ff., also GieBeitr. 146 ff. BertholIsa 53.
6. In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person singular, I, Gen 18:3; 1Sam 20:7; 1Sam 20:8 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Gen 42:11; Isa 36:11 also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1Sam 26:18; 1Sam 26:19; 2Sam 14:22; 2Sam 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Exod 4:10; Num 11:11; Judg 15:18; 1Sam 3:9; 1Sam 3:10; 1Sam 25:39; 2Sam 24:10; Ps 19:12; Ps 19:14; Ps 27:9; Ps 31:17; Ps 35:27; Ps 69:18; Ps 109:28; Ps 143:2 +.
7. Phrases are: עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Gen 9:26; Gen 9:27; Gen 44:10; Gen 44:16; Gen 44:17; Gen 44:33; Gen 47:19; Gen 47:26 (J) Deut 6:21; Deut 15:17; 2Sam 8:14; 2Kgs 17:3; 2Kgs 24:1; 1Chr 18:2; 1Chr 18:6; 1Chr 18:13; 2Chr 10:7; Prov 11:29; Prov 12:9; Prov 22:7 היה לעבד, with לְ person, Gen 44:9 (J) Gen 50:18 (E) 1Sam 8:17; 1Sam 17:9 (twice in verse); 1Sam 27:12; 2Sam 8:2; 2Sam 8:6; Jer 34:16 כבשׁ לעבדים 2Chr 28:10; Neh 5:5; Jer 34:11 ׳לקח לע Gen 43:18 (J) 2Kgs 4:1; Job 40:28.

BDB9746 H5649 H5650

BDB9745 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9747

[עֲבַד Dp.105, or עֲבֵד K§ 54, 3. γ)] noun masculine slave, servant (Biblical Hebrew עֶ֫בֶד); — construct עֲבֵד Dan 6:21 servant of God; plural suffix of king, עבדיך Kt (K§ 53 Anm. b)), עַבְדָּךְ Qr Ezra 4:11, עַבְדָךְ Qr Dan 2:4 suffix of God, עַבְד֫וֺתִי, Dan 3:26; Dan 3:28; Ezra 5:11, of king Dan 2:7.

servants, servant, bondmen, manservant, bondage, …
ʿebed
a servant
  • slave, servant
    • slave, servant, man-servant
      • "subjects"servants, worshippers (of God)"servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc)"servant (of Israel)"servant (as form of address between equals)

שָׁא֔וּל
שָׁא֔וּל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of saul")
Dictionary form: שָׁאוּל · shaw-OOL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of saul
saul ×140 and saul ×89 of saul ×67 sauls ×14 then saul ×8 and when saul ×7 so saul ×7 to saul ×6
More options
Saul — Standard modern spelling for this proper name.
Shaul — Use when distinguishing non-Israelite or minor figures named שָׁאוּל.
Saul's — Possessive form; use for genitive constructions.

BDB8369 H7586

BDB8368 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8370

שָׁאוּל proper name, masculine ( = asked (of ׳י), cf שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל below; Palmyrene proper name שאילא Lzb371 Cooke283); — Σαονλ:

1.397 1st king of Israel, 1Sam 9:2; 1Sam 9:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 t. Samuel; 28 t. 1 Chronicles; Ps 18:1; Ps 52:2; Ps 54:2; Ps 57:1; Ps 59:1 (all in titles); ׳גִּבְעַת שׁ Isa 10:29 (and 1Sam 11:4; 1Sam 15:34; 2Sam 21:6 see II . גִּבְעָה).
2. a king of Edom Gen 36:37; Gen 36:38 (P) = 1Chr 1:48; 1Chr 1:49
3. a son of Simeon Gen 46:10; Exod 6:15; Num 26:13 (all P) = 1Chr 4:24.
4. a Levite 1Chr 6:9.

saul, sauls, shaul
šāʾûl
desired
Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
  • a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the 1st king of Israel
    • "an early king of Edom and a successor of Samlah"a son of Simeon"a Levite, son of Uzziah

וַ יִּיקַ֥ר
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יִּיקַ֥ר
Root word precious, withdraw, at, by
Dictionary form: יָקַר · yaw-KAHR

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: set by
be precious ×2 and precious ×1 i was prised at ×1 is precious ×1 more precious ×1 precious ×1 set by ×1 thou wast precious ×1
More options
precious — Most natural modern equivalent; widely applicable.
valuable — Emphasizes monetary or practical worth.
rare — Highlights scarcity as the source of value.
prized — Conveys high esteem or personal regard.
honored — Best when worth is relational or reputational.
withdraw — Use only for the verbal sense of holding back.

BDB3698 H3365

BDB3697 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3699

[יָקַר] verb be precious, prized, appraised (Late Hebrew id., Pi`el, Hiph`il; Aramaic יְקַר, , be heavy, precious; Pa`el honour; יַקִּיר, weighty, precious, honoured; compare Assyrian a‡âru, be precious, costly, and derivatives, DlHWB 240; Arabic be heavy, II. honour; dignity; Sabean noun יקר honour DHMZMG 1883, 402) —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular יָָֽקְרָה 1Sam 16:21 2 masculine singular יָקַרְתָּ Isa 43:4 1 singular יָקַרְתִּי Zech 11:13 3 plural יָ˜קְרוּ Ps 139:17 Imperfect וַיִּיקַר 1Sam 18:30 וְיֵקַר Ps 49:9 וְיֵיקַר Ps 72:14 jussive תִּיקַר(נָֿאׅ 2Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 1:14 —
1. be precious:
  a. = highly valued, esteemed, David's name, וַיִּיקַר שְׁמוֺ מְאֹד 1Sam 18:30 of Israel, יָקַרְתָּ בְעֵינַי Isa 43:4 (+ נִכְבַּדְתָּ, אֲהַבְתִּיךָ); of God's thoughts וְלִי מַהיָָּֽֿקִרוּ רֵעֶיךָ Ps 139:17 (Ew Hi Hup render hard, difficult: compare יַקִּירָה Dan 2:11).
  b. especially of life (נֶפֶשׁ), in phrase יָָֽקִרָה נַפְשִׁי בְּעֵינֶיךָ 1Sam 26:21, i.e. thou hast spared it; so (jussive) 2Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 1:14 similarly יֵיקַר דָּמָם בְּעֵינָיו Ps 72:14 (|| מִתּוֺךְ וּמֵחָמָס יִגְאַל נַפְשָׁס).
  c. be costly, וְיֵקַר פִּדְיוֺן נַפְשָׁם Ps 49:9.
2. be appraised, valued, אֶדֶר הַיְקָר אֲשֶׁר יָקַרְתִּי מֵעֲלֵיהֶם Zech 11:13 the magnificence of the price at which I was appraised (and dismissed) from them! Hiph`il Imperfect 1 singular אוֺקִיר אֱנוֺשׁ מִפָּ֑ז Isa 13:12 I will make men more rare (literally precious) than fine gold. Imperative הֹקַר Prov 25:17 make rare (i.e. withhold) thy foot from the house of thy friend.

precious, withdraw, at, by
yāqar
properly, apparently, to be heavy, i.e., (figuratively) valuable; causatively, to make rare (figuratively, to inhibit)
  • to esteem, be prized, be valuable, be precious, be costly, be appraised
    • (Qal)
      • to be precious, be highly valued, be esteemed, be costly
        • "to be appraised
      (Hiphil) to make something precious

שְׁמ ֖וֹ
שְׁמ
Root word name, names, renown, fame, famous, …
֖וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: שֵׁם · shame

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: so that his name
the name ×95 name ×88 his name ×70 thy name ×51 and the name ×42 whose name ×35 my name ×34 in the name ×22
More options
name — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly every context.
reputation — Use when honor or social standing is in view.
renown — Elevated register; suits poetic or majestic contexts.
fame — Good for widespread public recognition or glory.
identity — Use when the name conveys essential character or being.

BDB8776 H8034

BDB8775 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8777

I. שֵׁם864 noun masculine2Sam 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, compare BaZMG xli (1887), 635; LagBN 160 ושׁם, Arabic brand, mark, compare RSK 213, 303 ff. Köii. 1. 104; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה); Phoenician שם Lzb377; Assyrian šumu; Sabean סם HomChr 124; Ethiopic Arabic , , , ; Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Köii. 1. 512), , , Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם Lzb377); — absolute ׳שׁ Gen 6:4 +; construct ׳שׁ Gen 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁםֿ 1Sam 8:2 +; suffix שְׁמִי Exod 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Gen 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1Kgs 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֺת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Gen 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֺת Exod 6:16 +, suffix שְׁמוֺתָם Num 13:4 +, שְׁמוֺתָן Ezek 23:4 (twice in verse); — name:

1. of river Gen 2:11; Gen 2:13; Gen 2:14, beasts vGen 2:19 vGen 2:20, city Gen 26:33 (all J) +; היּוֺם ׳שׁ Ezek 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ הַזֶּה ׳אֶתעֶֿצֶם הַיּ).
2. a. usually of person: Gen 4:17; Gen 4:19 (twice in verse) (J) +; as significant 1Sam 25:25, compare Prov 21:24 especially in phrase וַיְהִי אִישׁ ֗֗֗ וּשְׁמוֺ אֶלְקָנָה 1Sam 1:1, compare 1Sam 9:1; 1Sam 9:2, Jer 37:13 + 28 t.; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֺ 1Sam 17:4, compare Zech 6:12 + 5 t. (compare in Assyrian KraeBAS i. 430); frequently with קָרָא (q. v. 6, and Niph`al 2, Pu`al; note here, עַל ׳נִקְרָא שׁ in token of ownership 2Sam 12:28 (see Dr), Isa 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Judg 8:31, compare 2Kgs 17:34; Neh 9:7 ׳וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ Dan 1:7 with יֵאָמֵר Gen 32:29 (J); change of name is without verb, as Gen 17:15 (P), or (usually) with יִהְיֶה Gen 35:10 (P) Israel shall be thy name. compare Gen 17:5; 1Kgs 18:31; 1Chr 22:9, also ׳וַיַסֵּב אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ יְהו 2Kgs 23:34 = 2Chr 36:4, compare 2Kgs 24:17, and (suj. ׳י) עוֺלָם אֶתֶּןלֿוֺ ׳שׁ Isa 56:5 מַהשְּֿׁמֶ֑ךָ Gen 32:28, compare Exod 3:13; Prov 30:4, מִית שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Judg 13:17 be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֺת Ezra 10:16, ׳נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ Num 1:17; 1Chr 16:41; 2Chr 28:15; 2Chr 31:10; Ezra 8:20, ׳הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ 1Chr 4:38, ׳וַיָבזֹם בְּשׁ v1Chr 4:41 of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֺת תִּקְדוּ Num 4:32 (P), + vNum 4:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת ᵐ5 Di Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exod 33:12 (subject ׳י), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare vExod 33:17 (both J); ׳פ ׳בְּשׁ as the representative of 1Sam 25:5; 1Sam 25:9; 1Kgs 21:8; Jer 29:25; Esth 2:22; Esth 3:12; Esth 8:8 (twice in verse); Esth 8:10 (compare also 3).
  b. = reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֫ךָ Gen 12:2 (J), גָּדוֺל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר ׳וְעָשִׂתִי לִךָ שׁ בָּאָרֶץ 2Sam 7:9 make oneself a name ׳וְנַעֲשֶׂח לָנוּ שׁ Gen 11:4 (J), ׳וַיַּעַשׂ לוֺ שׁ 2Sam 8:13, of ׳י Jer 32:20, hence Neh 9:10; Dan 9:15; Isa 63:12; Isa 63:14, so with שׂוּם 2Sam 7:23 = 1Chr 17:21 ׳וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ Ezek 16:14 (compare 1Chr 14:17), 2Chr 26:15 עַדלְֿמֵרָחוֺק, v2Chr 26:8 ׳וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֺ עַדלְֿ; 2Sam 23:18; 2Sam 23:22 = fame, glory, Zeph 3:19; Zeph 3:20; Ezek 39:13. — Ezek 34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם ᵐ5 Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conjecture שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Gen 6:4 (J), Num 16:2 (J), אַנְשֵׁי שֵׁמוֺת 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 12:31 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:30); with negative בְּנֵי בְלִישֵֿׁ‰ Job 30:3 (2) bad sense, וְהוֺצִא עָלָיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Dan 22:14 compare Dan 22:19; Neh 6:13 = byword Ezek 23:10 טְמֵאַת ׳הַשּׁ Ezek 22:5.
  c. especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵיןלִֿי בֵן בֵּעֲבוּר הַזְכֵּיר שְׁמִי 2Sam 18:18, ׳לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ Deut 25:7, compare vDeut 25:6; Ruth 4:5; Ruth 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deut 25:6, compare Num 27:4 (P), Ruth 4:10, so that to destroy one's name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes Is || צֶרַע) 1Sam 24:22 (Gi v.1Sam 24:21), 2Sam 14:7 (|| שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Deut 7:24; Deut 9:14; Deut 12:3; Isa 14:22 +; לאֹ יִוָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֺד Nah 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יַעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Isa 66:22 more abstract (|| זֵכֶר) Job 18:17; Prov 10:7.
3. name, as designation of God, specifically of ׳י (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa2,3, Psalms): — first (in Hexateuch) in phrase ׳י ׳בְּשׁ ׳ק Gen 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name ׳י in worship, so Gen 12:8; Gen 13:4; Gen 21:33; Gen 26:35 + (see קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר אַוְּכִּיר מאתשְֿׁמִי שָׁם Exod 20:24 (Gi vExod 20:21); אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Deut 12:5; Deut 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי 2Sam 7:13 + often; people come ׳י ׳לְשׁ Josh 9:9 (RD), so ׳לְמֵעַן שׁ 1Kgs 8:41 = 2Chr 6:32; Isa 60:9 seek it Ps 83:17 swear with ׳י ׳בְּשׁ 1Sam 20:42; Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20; Lev 19:12, compare (לַשָּׁוְא) Exod 20:7 (twice in verse)=Deut 5:11 (twice in verse); ׳י ׳תָּפַשׁ Prov 30:9 נִקְרָא שְׁמִיעַלֿ, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2 a), Jer 7:10 + ; = his reputation, fame, with עָשָׁה לוֺ, see 1 b (1), compare Josh 7:9 ׳י ׳בְּשׁ, i.e. as his representative Exod 5:23 (J), 1Sam 17:45; Deut 10:8; 2Sam 6:18; 2Kgs 2:24 + (see 2 a near the end); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of ׳י: שְׁמוֺ ׳י Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6; Jer 33:2, וֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Exod 3:15 (E; || זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Exod 6:3 (P); ) עְבָאוֺת שְׁמוֺ׳(א ׳י Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27; Jer 10:16; Jer 46:18 + 10 t. Jeremiah, Isa2, קַנָּא שְׁמוֺ ׳י Exod 34:14 (J; compare Exod 20:5; Nah 1:2), ׳קָדוֺשׁ שׁ Isa 57:15, ׳שׁ [וֺ] קָדְשִׁי Amos 2:7; Ezek 39:7; Ezek 43:7; Ps 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Isa 52:6; Jer 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Ps 9:11 (|| דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Isa 56:5, ׳אֹהֲבֵי שׁ Ps 5:12; Ps 69:37; Ps 119:132, fear Ps 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (חִלֵּל, הִןכִּיר, הוֺדָה, בֵּרַח, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲוַמֵּר 2Sam 22:50 (|| אוֺדְךָ and so very often || ׳י) = Ps 18:50, compare 1Chr 16:10; 1Chr 29:13; Ps 45:18; Isa 26:13; 1Kgs 8:33; 1Kgs 8:35 = 2Chr 6:24; 2Chr 6:26; Ps 8:2; Ps 8:10 +; כְּבוֺד שְׁמוֺ ׳חָבוּלי Ps 29:2; Ps 96:8, and many comibinations; opposed to ׳א ׳חִלֵּל אֶתשֿׁ Lev 18:21 +, ׳י ׳נקב שׁ Lev 24:16, ׳נִאֵץ שׁ Ps 74:10; Ps 74:18, etc.; הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֺרָא ׳הַשּׁ Deut 28:58, compare Neh 1:11 לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to ׳י to act according to his character Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Isa 48:9; Isa 66:5; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4 +; ׳י ׳שׁ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי Ps 54:3 (|| בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ), compare Ps 124:8 of ׳מַלְאַךָ י, ׳י says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֺ Exod 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם Lev 24:11 is probably scribal substitution for word ׳י (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially with וַיִקֹּב compare GeiUrschr.273 f. Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of ׳הַשּׁ as personified or hypostasis, see LevyNHWB under the word Jastrs.see — קָרוֺב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Ps 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < ᵐ5 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now ׳קֹרְאֵי שׁ, Du ׳קָרָנוּ בִשׁ (= קָרָאנוּ).
4. of false gods, use forbidden Exod 23:13 (E), Josh 23:7 (RD), compare Hos 2:19; Ps 16:4speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Deut 18:20 ׳א ׳קָרָא בְשׁ 1Kgs 18:24; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26 ׳א ׳יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ Mic 4:5.
5. = memorial, monument Isa 55:13 (|| אוֺת; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם ׳טוֺב מִבָּנִים וגו Isa 56:5 (with word-play on ׳שׁ 1 c).

BDB9963 H8034 H8036

BDB9962 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9964

שֻׁם noun masculine name (see Biblical Hebrew שֵׁם); — construct ׳שׁ Ezra 5:1 +; suffix שְׁמֵהּ Dan 2:20 +; plural construct שְׁמָהָת Ezra 5:4, suffix תְהֹם- vEzra 5:10 — name, of divinity: Dan 2:20; Dan 4:5; Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:12 of a man: Dan 2:26; Dan 4:15; Dan 4:16; Dan 5:12 (all Daniel), Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:10 (twice in verse) also vEzra 5:14, with which compare S-CK 4, 5, s f., 12 f.

name, names, renown, fame, famous, …
šēm
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
  • name
    • name
      • "reputation, fame, glory"the Name (as designation of God)"memorial, monument

מְאֹֽד
מְאֹֽד
Adverb very, greatly, sore, exceeding, great, …
Dictionary form: מְאֹד · meh-ODE

Adverb

In the KJV here: was much
very ×28 greatly ×25 was very ×20 a very ×14 exceeding ×8 exceedingly ×7 with a very ×7 and greatly ×6
More options
very — Most versatile; fits nearly any context naturally.
greatly — Best for verbs and actions; emphasizes degree of intensity.
extremely — Stronger than 'very'; good for heightened emotional contexts.
exceedingly — Modernizes KJV form; suits solemn or emphatic passages.
utterly — Use when totality or completeness is the focus.
intensely — Fits inner states like desire, love, or anguish.

BDB4483 H3966

BDB4482 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4484

מְאֹד noun masculine muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly (compare Assyrian mu'du, abundance, HomZMG 1878, 711 ('treasures ana mu'di, in abundance') DlHWB 399): —

1. force, might, Deut 6:5 וּבְכָלמְֿאֹדֶ֑ךָ and with all thy might; hence 2Kgs 23:25.
2. in different idioms (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree):
  a. (so mostly) as adverb accusative, qualifying both adjectives and obs., Gen 1:31 טוֺב מְאֹד good exceedingly, Gen 4:5 וַיִּחַד לְקַיִן מְאֹד and Cain was wroth exceedingly, Gen 7:18 מְאֹד וַיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּגְבְּרוּ, Gen 12:14; Gen 13:2 בַּמִּקְנֶה מְאֹד כָּבֵד וְאַבְרָם, vGen 13:13 מאד ׳חַטָּאִים לי, Gen 18:20; Gen 19:3; Gen 19:9; Gen 21:11; Gen 24:16; Gen 24:35, + often, Ps 46:2 נִמְצָא מְאֹד עֶזְרָה בְצָרוֺת as a help in troubles, to be found (= present) exceedingly; with an infinitive Isa 47:9 בְּעָצְמַת חֲבָרַיִח מְאֹד despite of thy spells being very numerous, Josh 9:13 מֵרֹב הַדֶּרֶךְ מְאֹד, 1Kgs 7:47 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד Gen 15:1; Gen 41:49; Deut 3:5 +, for which in the later language is found לָרֹב מְאֹד Zech 14:14; 2Chr 4:18; 2Chr 9:9 (in 1Kgs 10:10 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד); 2Chr 24:24; 2Chr 30:13, and even לְהַרְבֵּה מְאֹד 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 16:8. מְאֹד is not usually separated from the word it qualifies by more than one or two words (as Gen 20:8 האנשׁים מאד וייראו, Num 11:10 מאד ׳ויחר אף י); see, however, Deut 30:14; Judg 12:2; 2Sam 12:5; 1Kgs 11:19; Ps 31:12. It precedes its verb, Ps 47:10 מְאֹד נַעֲלָה (hence Ps 97:9), Ps 92:6.
  b. עַדמְֿאֹד up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly, Gen 27:33 חֲדָדָה גְּדֹלָה ׳עַדמֿ, vGen 27:34; 1Sam 11:15 ׳וישׂמח ֗֗֗ עד מ, 1Sam 25:36 וְהוּא ׳שִׁכֹּר עַדמֿ, 2Sam 2:17; 1Kgs 1:4; Isa 64:8 (compare Lam 5:22), vLam 5:11; Ps 38:7; Ps 38:9; Ps 119:8; Ps 119:43; Ps 119:51; Ps 119:107; Dan 8:8; Dan 11:25.
  c. עַדלִֿמְאֹד (see עַד לְ) 2Chr 16:14.
  d. duplicated (Ges«GKC:113k»§ 113k), Gen 7:19 ׳מ ׳וְהַמַּיִם גָָּֽבְרוּ מ, Gen 30:43; Num 14:7; 1Kgs 7:47; 2Kgs 10:4; Ezek 37:10.
  e. בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד literally with muchness, muchness, Gen 17:2; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:20; Exod 1:7 (all P), Ezek 9:9; Ezek 16:13.

very, greatly, sore, exceeding, great, …
mĕʾōd
properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)
  • (adv) exceedingly, much
    • "(subst) might, force, abundance"(n m) muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly
    • force, might
      • "exceedingly, greatly, very (idioms showing magnitude or degree)
      • exceedingly
        • "up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly"with muchness, muchness

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וַיֵּֽצְא֖וּ Tipeha — a lesser break שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַיְהִ֣י מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם Revia — a lesser break שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ Pashta — a lesser break מִכֹּל֙ Pashta — a lesser break עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ Tipeha — a lesser break מְאֹֽד Silluq — end of the verse

וַיֵּֽצְאוּ שָׂרֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים וַיְהִי׀ מִדֵּי צֵאתָם שָׂכַל דָּוִד מִכֹּל עַבְדֵי שָׁאוּל וַיִּיקַר שְׁמוֹ מְאֹֽד׃
30
Then the princes of the Philistines went forth: and it came to pass, after they went forth, that David behaved himself more wisely than all the servants of Saul; so that his name was much set by.
Cross References

2 Samuel 11:1

וַיְהִי לִתְשׁוּבַת הַשָּׁנָה לְעֵת׀ צֵאת הַמַּלְאֿכִים וַיִּשְׁלַח דָּוִד אֶת-יוֹאָב וְאֶת-עֲבָדָיו עִמּוֹ וְאֶת-כָּל-יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּשְׁחִתוּ אֶת-בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וַיָּצֻרוּ עַל-רַבָּה וְדָוִד יוֹשֵׁב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
1
And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried still at Jerusalem.

1 Samuel 18:5

וַיֵּצֵא דָוִד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁלָחֶנּוּ שָׁאוּל יַשְׂכִּיל וַיְשִׂמֵהוּ שָׁאוּל עַל אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה וַיִּיטַב בְּעֵינֵי כָל-הָעָם וְגַם בְּעֵינֵי עַבְדֵי שָׁאֽוּל׃
5
And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely: and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul's servants.

Luke 21:15

ἐγὼ γὰρ δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καὶ σοφίαν ᾗ οὐ δυνήσονται ἀντειπεῖν οὐδὲ ἀντιστῆναι πάντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοι ὑμῖν
15
For I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist.

Psalms 119:99

מִכָּל-מְלַמְּדַי הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי כִּי עֵדְוֺתֶיךָ שִׂיחָה לִֽֿי׃
99
I have more understanding than all my teachers: for thy testimonies are my meditation.

Daniel 1:20

וְכֹל דְּבַר חָכְמַת בִּינָה אֲשֶׁר-בִּקֵּשׁ מֵהֶם הַמֶּלֶךְ וַֽיִּמְצָאֵם עֶשֶׂר יָדוֹת עַל כָּל-הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים הָֽאַשָּׁפִים אֲשֶׁר בְּכָל-מַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃
20
And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king inquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm.

Ephesians 5:15

Βλέπετε οὖν πῶς ἀκριβῶς περιπατεῖτε μὴ ὡς ἄσοφοι ἀλλ' ὡς σοφοί
15
See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise,

1 Samuel 2:30

לָכֵן נְאֻם-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָמוֹר אָמַרְתִּי בֵּֽיתְךָ וּבֵית אָבִיךָ יִתְהַלְּכוּ לְפָנַי עַד-עוֹלָם וְעַתָּה נְאֻם-יְהוָה חָלִילָה לִּי כִּֽי-מְכַבְּדַי אֲכַבֵּד וּבֹזַי יֵקָֽלּוּ׃
30
Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.

1 Peter 2:4

πρὸς ὃν προσερχόμενοι λίθον ζῶντα ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον παρὰ δὲ θεῷ ἐκλεκτὸν ἔντιμον
4
To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious,

1 Peter 2:7

ὑμῖν οὖν ἡ τιμὴ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἀπειθοῦσιν δὲ Λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας
7
Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,

1 Samuel 26:21

וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל חָטָאתִי שׁוּב בְּנִֽי-דָוִד כִּי לֹֽא-אָרַע לְךָ עוֹד תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר יָֽקְרָה נַפְשִׁי בְּעֵינֶיךָ הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה הִנֵּה הִסְכַּלְתִּי וָֽאֶשְׁגֶּה הַרְבֵּה מְאֹֽד׃
21
Then said Saul, I have sinned: return, my son David: for I will no more do thee harm, because my soul was precious in thine eyes this day: behold, I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly.

Psalms 116:15

יָקָר בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה הַמָּוְתָה לַחֲסִידָֽיו׃
15
Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints.

2 Kings 1:13

וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח שַׂר-חֲמִשִּׁים שְׁלִשִׁים וַֽחֲמִשָּׁיו וַיַּעַל וַיָּבֹא שַׂר-הַֽחֲמִשִּׁים הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וַיִּכְרַע עַל-בִּרְכָּיו׀ לְנֶגֶד אֵֽלִיָּהוּ וַיִּתְחַנֵּן אֵלָיו וַיְדַבֵּר אֵלָיו אִישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִים תִּֽיקַר-נָא נַפְשִׁי וְנֶפֶשׁ עֲבָדֶיךָֽ אֵלֶּה חֲמִשִּׁים בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃
13
And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees before Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be precious in thy sight.
1 Samuel 18:29
Read 1 Samuel 18