1 Samuel 23:29

וַ יַּ֥עַל

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַּ֥עַל

Root word up, offered, offer, brought, come, …

Dictionary form: עָלָה · aw-LAW

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: went up

went up ×80 came up ×45 go up ×41 and went up ×25 come up ×19 and offered ×17 shall come up ×15 brought up ×13

More options

go up — Modernized KJV form; most versatile and natural rendering.

ascend — More formal or elevated register; suits poetic or liturgical contexts.

climb — Implies physical effort; good for mountains or steep terrain.

rise — Best for sun, smoke, or abstract upward movement.

offer — Use specifically when the context is sacrificial or ritual.

bring up — Preferred when someone or something is being carried upward.

BDB6068 H5927

עָלָה₈₉₀ verb go up, ascend, climb (Late Hebrew id.; MI^33(?); Phoenician עלה; Assyrian elû; Arabic ; ᵑ7 and Syriac in derived species; compare perhaps Ethiopic (for Di⁵⁴); Sabean עלי = DHM^{ZMG xxxvii. 415}, compare עלוהו = SabDenkm⁹¹); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ע Gen 19:15 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽלְתָה Gen 40:10 +; עָלָ֑תָה Jer 14:2; 1Sam 1:22 2 masculine singular עָלִיתָ Gen 49:4 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲלֶה Gen 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Gen 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Gen 13:1 +; suffix יַעֲלֶנָּה Isa 35:9, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָלֹה Gen 46:4 + 2 t.; construct עֲלוֺת Gen 32:25 +, etc.; Imperative עֲלֵה Gen 35:1 +; feminine singular עֲלִי Num 21:17 +, plural עֲלוּ Gen 44:17 +; Participle עֹלֶה Gen 38:13 +; עוֺלֶה Isa 24:18 +, plural עֹלִים Gen 28:12 +, etc.; —

1. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations:
a. from low place to high, with מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Gen 45:25 (E) + 6 t.; מארץ מצרים Exod 13:18 (E) + 3 t.; מִבָּבֶל Ezra 7:6; Ezra 8:1 מִן הירדן Josh 4:16; Josh 4:17; Josh 4:19 (P); מ(ןהֿ)מדבר Song 3:6; Song 8:5 etc.
b. out of a place, with מִן, מִן הארץ 1Sam 28:13 מֵהַבְּאֵר 2Sam 17:21 מִ(תּוֺךְ) הַפַּחַת Isa 24:18; Jer 48:44.
c. with accusative of place whither: a city ביתאל Gen 35:1; Gen 35:3 (E); באר שׁבע Gen 26:23 (J); a mountain ההר Num 13:17 (JE) Deut 1:24 +, etc.; a bed Gen 49:4 (twice in verse) (J) 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:16, gate Ruth 4:1 (הַ)שָּׁמַיִם Deut 30:12; 2Kgs 2:11; Amos 9:2 + 4 t.; with אֶלֿ, אל (ה)הר Exod 19:23; Exod 34:2; Exod 34:4 (J) Exod 24:15; Exod 24:18 (P) + 5 t. P; אֶלהַֿמָּקוֺם Deut 17:8, אל ירושׁלם Ezra 7:7; Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2 (אל הר), with accusative of location + ׳אֶליֿ (see 2 b) Jer 31:6, of going up to Jerusalem (from a distance), etc.; with לְ to, לירושׁלם Ezra 1:3 (from Babylon); לבית 1Sam 25:35, etc.; with עַד unto, עדנֿחל Num 32:9 (J); with בְּ, בְּאַחַת עָרֵי 2Sam 2:1 (construction praegn.); בְּבעל פרצים 1Chr 14:11 (strike out בְּ); בְּגִרָלִי Judg 1:3.
d. to sacred places, Exod 34:24, with accusative בית יהוה, from palace 2Kgs 19:14; 2Kgs 20:5; 2Kgs 20:8; 2Kgs 23:2; 2Chr 29:20; 2Chr 34:30; Isa 37:14; Isa 38:22; Jer 26:10 במה 1Sam 9:13; 1Sam 9:14; 1Sam 9:19 with אֶל, אל הר האלהים Exod 24:13 (E); ׳בּבית י 1Sam 1:7 (בּ dittograph); בהר יהוה Ps 24:3.
e. with accusative דֶּרֶךְ by the way to Num 21:33 (E) Deut 3:1; Judg 8:11; 1Sam 6:9; 2Kgs 3:8 מעלה Jer 48:5 חוֺמָה Joel 2:7. feminine ascend, climb, with בְּ by, a ladder Gen 28:12 (E), Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 40:29, etc.; with עַל upon, altar by (ב) steps, of priest, Exod 20:23 (Gi; van d. H. vExod 20:26 E) the roof Josh 2:8; Judg 9:51, bed Ps 132:3 עַליָֿדָיו on his hands 1Sam 14:13 על במתי עב Isa 14:14 (|| ממעל לכוכבי אֵל), etc.

2. go up, in personal relations:
a. to meet or visit, with אֶל person, Gen 44:17; Gen 44:24; Gen 44:34; Gen 45:9 (J) Josh 10:4; Josh 10:6 (all with implication of ascent), Deut 25:7 (to gate of city), +; with על person, Gen 38:12 (= ה locative, up to Timnah); לקראת Gen 46:29 (J) Judg 6:35; 2Kgs 1:3; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:7.
b. go up unto (אֶל) God, on a height, אל האלהים Exod 19:3 (E) 1Sam 10:3 אל יהוה Exod 24:1 (E) Exod 19:24; Exod 32:30 (J) Judg 21:5 (twice in verse); Judg 21:8 (to war); אֵלַי Exod 24:12 (E) Deut 10:1 unto Deborah Judg 4:5.
c. go up, in war, with אֶל against Num 13:31 (E) Judg 1:1; Judg 12:3; 1Sam 7:7; Isa 36:10 (= על 2Kgs 18:25) +; oftener with על, 1Sam 14:10; Judg 6:3; Judg 15:10; Judg 18:9; 1Kgs 14:25 +; with על + לַצָּבָא Josh 22:12; Josh 22:33 (P); with בְּ, Isa 7:6; Jer 48:18 with לְ Hab 3:16 + למלחמה Judg 20:18 + 3 t.; + במלחמה 1Sam 29:9 וַתּעל(ה) המלחמה 1Kgs 22:35 = 2Chr 18:34.
d. go up after, with אחרי = follow 1Sam 25:13; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 1:40.
e. go up, depart, with מֵעַל (q. v.) 1Sam 6:20; Gen 17:22; Gen 35:18 (P) +, subject ׳כבוד י Ezek 11:23; Ezek 11:24 = withdraw, retreat, 1Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 12:19; Jer 21:2, absolute 2Sam 23:9, and so read || 1Chr 11:13 (see Dr^Sm).

3. of animals, go or come up: absolute frogs Exod 7:28 (J) Exod 8:2 (P), quails Exod 16:13 (P); lion Isa 35:9 fox Neh 3:25 rise up, fly up, eagle Isa 40:31; Jer 49:22 with מִן, cattle out of water Gen 41:2; Gen 41:3; Gen 41:18; Gen 41:19; Song 4:2; Song 6:6, lion מִגְּאוֺן הַיַּרְדֵּן Jer 49:19 = Jer 50:44, מִסֻּבְּכוֺ Jer 4:7, from prey Gen 49:9 (J); climb up into (ב) houses, locusts Joel 2:9 frogs, on (ב) persons Exod 7:29 (J); with על, of cattle, sexually Gen 31:10; Gen 31:12 (E); locusts upon the land Exod 10:12; Exod 10:14 (E) Joel 1:6.

4. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth: trees Isa 55:13 (twice in verse); Ezek 47:12 קיקיון Jonah 4:6 grass Deut 29:22; Amos 7:1 ears of grain Gen 41:5; Gen 41:22 (E), also Gen 40:10 (E) Isa 5:6; Isa 32:13 compare simile Isa 53:2, Hos 10:8; Prov 26:9 כֻלּוֺ ׳ע קמשׂנים Prov 24:31 all of it grown up with thorns, Isa 34:13 figurative קֶרֶן Dan 8:3; Dan 8:8.

5. of natural phoenomena, go up, rise: dew, Exod 16:14, i.e. disappear (P); ׳אֵד ע מִןהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 2:6 (J), cloud 1Kgs 18:44; Jer 4:13 הַשַּׁחַר ׳ע dawn, etc. Gen 19:15 (JE) Judg 19:25; 1Sam 9:26 +; smoke Gen 19:28; Exod 19:18 (J) Judg 20:40 +; fire Judg 6:21 flame Judg 13:20 stench Isa 34:3; Joel 2:20 incense Ezek 8:11 well Num 21:17 (E); waters Jer 47:2 Nile Jer 46:7; Jer 46:8; Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5 with על, of overflow Isa 8:7 +.

6. of inanimate things (instead of passive construction), absolute, shock of grain (to גֹּרֶן) Job 5:26 of בָּשָׂר (covering bones in Ezekiel's vision) Ezek 37:8 with על, of garments upon the body Lev 19:19 (P) Ezek 44:17 razor on head Judg 13:5; Judg 16:17; 1Sam 1:11 yoke upon oxen Num 19:2 (P) 1Sam 6:7 lot upon an animal Lev 16:9; Lev 16:10 (P); with בְּ, weight in balance Ps 62:10 entry in (ב) a book 1Chr 27:24 = be offered (of sacrifice) 1Kgs 18:29; 2Kgs 3:20; Isa 60:7 אֲרוּכָה (q. v.) in healing, Jer 8:22, figurative 2Chr 24:13; Neh 4:1.

7. of thoughts, על לב ׳ע 2Kgs 12:5; Isa 65:17 + 5 t.; על לבב ׳ע Jer 51:50; Ezek 38:10 אל לב ׳ע Ezek 14:7 על רוּחַ ׳ע Ezek 20:32 of anger 2Sam 11:20; 2Chr 36:16 (ב person) + 3 t.; temper Eccl 10:4 (עָלֶיךָ).

8. come up before God, arrogance, בְּאָזְנָיו 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:29 cry, ׳אֶלאֿ Exod 2:23 (P), with accusative 1Sam 5:12, absolute Jer 14:2 tumult Ps 74:23 of evil Jonah 1:2 (לְפָנַי).

9. go up, extend, of boundary, with מִן whence, + accusative, אֶל, לְ and even בְ whither Josh 15:3; Josh 15:6; Josh 15:8; Josh 18:12 (twice in verse) + (all P). 10. excel: thou excellest (עַל) them Prov 31:29 be superior to יעלה עליך מעלה מעלה Deut 28:43. — עוֺלֶה Job 36:33 is difficult, compare Comm., and see עַוְלָה). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נַעֲלָה Num 10:11 +; 2 masculine singular נַעֲלֵיתָ Ps 97:9 Imperfect יֵעָלֶה Exod 40:37, etc.; Infinitive construct הֵעָלוֺת Num 9:17 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הֵעָלוּ Num 16:24 —

1. a. be brought up: מבבל לירושׁלם Ezra 1:11.
b. be taken up, וַתֵּעֲלוּ על שׂפת לשׁון Ezek 36:3 (Kö^{i. 553}; talked about).
c. (1) passive, be taken up, away, of (pillar of) cloud, followed by מֵעַל of tabernacle Exod 40:36; Num 9:17; Num 10:11 (P); absolute Exod 40:37 (twice in verse); Num 9:21 (twice in verse); Num 9:22 (P); of the glory from upon the cherubim Ezek 9:3 (2) reflexive, take oneself away from, get up from: מִסָּבִיבֹ Num 16:24 מֵעַל vNum 16:27 of a besieging army Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11.

2. reflexive: take oneself away מאחרי person, from following after, 2Sam 2:27.

3. be exalted, of God Ps 47:10 with על, over all gods Ps 97:9.

Hiph`il Perfect הֶעֱלָךְ Num 8:3 +, הֵעֲלָה Hab 1:15 (Ges^{«GKC:63p»§ 63p}); suffix הֶעֶלְךָ Neh 9:18, הֶעֱלָנוּ Exod 32:1 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular וְהַעַלְתָה 1Sam 2:19 consecutive; suffix הֶעֱלָ֫תַם Josh 2:6 2 masculine singular הֶעֱלִיתָ Exod 33:1 +; וְהַעֲלִיתָ consecutive Deut 27:6 +; הֶעֱלֵיתָ Exod 32:7 וְהַעֲלֵיתָ consecutive Exod 40:4 2 masculine plural suffix הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ Num 20:5; Num 21:5, etc.; Imperfect יַעֲלֶה Lev 17:8 +; וְיַ֫עַל 2Sam 24:22 וַיַּעֲלֶה Jer 10:13 וַיַּ֫עַל Gen 8:20 +, suffix יַעְלֵם Deut 28:61, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַעֲלֵה Ezek 23:46 construct הַעֲלוֺת 1Chr 23:31 +, etc.; Imperative הַ֫עַל Exod 33:12 + 2 t.; feminine singular הַעֲלִי 1Sam 28:8; 1Sam 28:11 +, etc.; Participle מַעֲלֶה 1Sam 7:10 +; construct מַעֲלֵה Lev 11:4 +; suffix מַעַלְךָ Deut 20:1; Ps 81:11 feminine מַעֲלָה Lev 11:26 construct מַעֲלַת Lev 11:3; Lev 11:6; Deut 14:6, etc.; —

1. bring up persons:
a. from a place, with מִן ׃מִן הַסָּ֑לַע Judg 15:13 מִמִּצְרַיִם Exod 17:3 (E) + 3 t. E, + 8 t.; מארץ מצרים Exod 32:1 (J) + 5 t. J, + Lev 11:45 (P), Deut 20:1; Josh 24:17 (E), + 13 t.; מארץ צפון Jer 16:15 = Jer 23:8.
b. (1) out of a place, with ׃מן מִ(ן הַ)בּוֺר Gen 37:28 (E) Ps 40:3; Jer 38:10; Jer 38:13 משּׁחת Jonah 2:7 מקּברות Ezek 37:12; Ezek 37:13 מןשֿׁאול Ps 30:4, etc.; (2) with בְּ by means of, בְּחֶרְמִי Ezek 32:3 (Hab 1:15 see 3 below).
c. with accusative of place whither, Num 20:25 (P) Num 22:41 (E) Josh 2:6; Josh 7:24 (J) Ezra 4:2 השׁמים 2Kgs 2:1 with אֶלהָֿעֲלִיָּה ׃אֶל 1Kgs 17:19 with לבית ׃לְ 2Chr 8:11.
d. cause to ascend, climb: על המרכבה 1Kgs 20:33 (אֶל 2Kgs 10:15 probably error), עלהֿמגדלות 2Chr 32:5 (ᵑ9 built towers thereon, i.e. עָלָיו ׳ע); מֵעַל להומה Neh 12:31 see על IV 2 e.

2. in personal relations:
a. bring up, with אל, 1Sam 19:15; 2Kgs 10:15; 2Kgs 25:6; Jer 39:5; Jer 52:9 with לְ 1Sam 28:8; 1Sam 28:11 (twice in verse).
b. in war, with עַל against 2Chr 36:17; Jer 50:9; Ezek 16:40; Ezek 23:46; Ezek 26:3.
c. take away (from life) Ps 102:25; Job 36:20.

3. bring up animals, with על, frogs על הארץ Exod 8:1; Exod 8:3 (P); bring up horses to a charge Jer 51:27, compare Nah 3:3 draw up men, under figure of fish (בְּחַכָּה) Hab 1:15 train, young lion Ezek 19:3 of cattle, מעלה גֵרָה, i.e. chewing the cud Lev 11:3; Lev 11:4 (twice in verse); Lev 11:5; Lev 11:6; Lev 11:26; Deut 14:6; Deut 14:7 (twice in verse).

4. cause to ascend: with accusative of thing, smoke מן העיר Judg 20:38 stench באף Amos 4:10, etc.; bring waters upon, על Isa 8:7 bring up from (מן location) 2Sam 6:2; 2Sam 6:12; 1Kgs 8:1; Gen 50:25 (JE), +; with אֶל location, Judg 16:3; 1Chr 15:3; 1Chr 15:12, with accusative of location 2Chr 2:15 with אל person 1Sam 6:21 with לְ person Judg 16:8; 1Sam 2:19 with על, bring sickness upon Deut 28:61 עפר על ראשׁ ׳הע throw dust on the head Josh 7:6; Lam 2:10; Ezek 27:30 clothe sackcloth upon Amos 8:10 flesh upon Ezek 37:6 put ornaments on 2Sam 1:24 compare also 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 = 2Chr 9:15; 2Chr 9:16; 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 נֵר ׳הע light lamp (make flame go up; Thes and others of raising lamp upon the lamp-stand) Exod 25:37; Exod 27:20 + 6 t. P; bring up new flesh (heal; see אֲרוּכָה) Jer 30:17; Jer 33:6.

5. mentally: גִּלּוּלִים על לב ׳הע Ezek 14:3, אל לב vEzek 14:7, i.e. make object of thought; rouse, stir up, with accusative אַף, anger Prov 15:1, compare Ezek 24:8.

6. ׳מנחה ל ׳הע 2Kgs 17:4 offer a present; bring up tithe to (ל) Neh 10:39 מַס ׳הע raise a levy 1Kgs 5:27; 1Kgs 9:15, למס v1Kgs 9:21; 2Chr 8:8.

7. exalt: Ps 137:6 if I exalt not Jerusalem above (עַל) my chief joy; אנכי אַעַלְךָ גםֿ(מ)עלה Gen 46:4 (E) I will exalt thee exceedingly (compare Qal 10; מ lost in ᵑ0, after ם; Di and most bring up).

8. cause to ascend (in flame; Thes and others to go up on altar), offer sacrifice, usually עֹלָה, either alone or following by other sacrifices: העלה עלות Exod 24:5 (E) Exod 32:6 (J) Lev 17:8 (H) Deut 12:13; Deut 12:14 + (see עֹלָה); seldom: קטרת Exod 30:9 (P), compare Ps 66:15 מנחה Isa 57:6; Isa 66:3, also probably 1Kgs 18:29; 1Kgs 18:36; 2Kgs 3:20 ( > Qal); פר(יםׅ Num 23:2; Num 23:4; Num 23:14; Num 23:30 (E) Ps 51:21 הטוב בעיניו 2Sam 24:22 ליהוה ׳הע Judg 13:16 absolute 2Chr 8:13; 2Chr 29:29 לעולה ׳הע Gen 22:2; Gen 22:13 (E); with accusative of location מַעֲלֶה בָמָה Jer 48:35 מזבח(לׅ Lev 14:20 (P) Isa 60:7 ( > Qal); with לְ local 2Chr 29:27 with בְּ local Gen 8:20 (J) Num 23:2; Num 23:4; Num 23:14; Num 23:30 (E); עלהַֿחֹמָה 2Kgs 3:27 usually על location, על הַצּוּר Judg 13:19, על מזבח ׳הע 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 1:6; 2Chr 29:21; 1Sam 2:28, פרים על מזבח Ps 51:21 elsewhere עלות על מזבח ׳חע Exod 40:29 (P) Josh 22:23; 1Kgs 3:4; 1Kgs 9:25; 2Chr 1:6; 2Chr 35:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezek 43:18, ׳עלות ליהוה על מז ׳הע Deut 27:6; Josh 8:31; 1Chr 16:40; 2Chr 8:12; Ezra 3:3. Hoph`al Perfect;.; —

1. be carried away, 3 feminine singular הֹעֲלָ֑תָךְ Nah 2:8.

2. be taken up into, inserted in, 3 masculine singular הֹעֲלָה 2Chr 20:34 (על ספר) (passive of Qal 6).

3. 3 masculine singular be offered, of פר Judg 6:28 (על המזבח). Hithpa`el lift oneself: Imperfect 3 masculine singular אֶליִֿתְעַל Jer 51:3 against (him that) lifts himself, but corrupt; either read אַלֿ, let him not, etc. (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 ᵑ9 Hi Gf Gie Rothst), or strike out אל (ᵐ5 Co^Hpt.).

BDB9763 H5927

עלה (√of following; see Biblical Hebrew עָלָה).

up, offered, offer, brought, come, …

ʿālâ

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

to go up, ascend, climb

(Qal)

to go up, ascend

to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away

to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up

to be carried away, be led up

דָּוִ֖ד

Root word a name — transliterate it ("And david")

Dictionary form: דָּוִד · daw-WID

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and david

david ×341 of david ×222 and david ×220 davids ×36 so david ×26 a psalm of david ×22 then david ×21 unto david ×16

More options

David — Standard modern English spelling; use in all contexts.

David's — Possessive form; for genitive or ownership contexts.

King David — Use when royal identity or authority is emphasized.

David the king — More formal; highlights his royal office explicitly.

BDB1866 H1732

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד₁₀₆₆ proper name, masculine David, son of יִשַׂי, king of Israel, whose dynasty remained on the throne of Jerusalem till the Babylonian exile (compare 2Sam 7:11-15 etc.) (beloved one ? compare Ba^{NB 189}; according to Sayce^{Modern Rev. 1884, 158 ff.; Rel. Babylonian 53, 56 f.} originally Dodo, title of sun-god worshipped in Israel compare דודה name of divinity among east Jordan Israelites MI¹²) — דָּוִד always Ruth, Samuel, Kings (except 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36) Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Isaiah, Jeremiah; also 1Chr 13:6; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25 (c. 790 t.); דָּוִיד always Zechariah, Chronicles (except 1Chr 13:6), Ezra, Nehemiah; also Amos 6:5 (where gloss according to Peters^{Hebraica. Apr. 1886, p. 175}) Amos 9:11; Hos 3:5; Ezek 34:23; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36; Song 4:4 (c. 276 t.); — first named 1Sam 16:13 compare also Ruth 4:17; Ruth 4:22; 2Sam 1:1 +, 1Kgs 1:1 +, 1Kgs 2:1 +, etc. (see above); in titles of Psalm 3-9, 11-32, 34-41, 51-65, 68-70, 86, 101, 103, 108-110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138-145 (73 in all); also in Ps 18:51 (= 2Sam 22:51); 2Sam 72:20; 2Sam 89:36; 2Sam 89:50; 2Sam 122:5; 2Sam 132:17 עַבְדִּי ׳ד (׳י speaks) 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 7:5; 2Sam 7:8 = 1Chr 17:4; 1Chr 17:7 compare v1Chr 17:26 = 1Chr 17:24, also 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 8:26; 1Kgs 8:66 = 2Chr 6:15; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 6:17; 2Chr 11:32; 2Chr 11:34; 2Chr 11:36; 2Chr 11:38; 2Chr 14:8; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 = Isa 37:35; 2Kgs 20:6 compare further Ps 18:1; Ps 36:1 (both titles compare above) Ps 78:70; Ps 89:4; Ps 89:21; Ps 132:10; Ps 144:10; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:22; Jer 33:26 so also as represented in coming (Messianic) ruler Ezek 34:23; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25, compare Hos 3:5; Jer 30:9 (see עֶבֶד). Phrases are:
a. ׳עִיר ד (according to Sayce^Mod.Rev.l.c. originally city of god Dod [o]) = stronghold or citadel of Zion, 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9 = 1Chr 11:5; 1Chr 11:7; 2Sam 6:10; 2Sam 6:12; 2Sam 6:16 = 1Chr 13:13; 1Chr 15:1; 1Chr 15:29, compare Isa 22:9 especially of burial of kings 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 8:1 = 2Chr 5:2; 1Kgs 9:24 = 2Chr 8:11; 1Kgs 11:27 v1Kgs 11:43 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 16:14; 1Kgs 22:50 = 2Chr 21:1; 2Kgs 8:24 = 2Chr 21:20; 2Kgs 9:28; 2Kgs 12:22 = 2Chr 24:25; 2Kgs 14:20; 2Kgs 15:7, v2Kgs 15:38 = 2Chr 27:9; 2Kgs 16:20 burial of Jehoiada 2Chr 24:16 further 2Chr 32:5; 2Chr 32:30; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 12:37 compare also ׳קִרְיַת חָנָה ד Isa 29:1.
b. ׳בֵּית ד 2Sam 3:1; 2Sam 3:6 + (compare בַּיִת 5 c.
c. ׳אֹהֶל ד Isa 16:5 (compare אֹהֶל 2).
d. ׳סֻכַּת ד Amos 9:11 (compare סֻכָּה below סכך).
e. ׳כִּסֵּא ד 2Sam 3:10 compare 1Kgs 1:37; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 2:24; 1Kgs 2:45; Isa 9:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 22:2; Jer 22:30; Jer 29:16; Jer 36:30 compare Jer 13:13; Jer 22:4, (compare also כִּסֵּא). feminine ׳קִבְרֵי ד Neh 3:16 compare 2Chr 32:33 ׳קִבְרֵי בְנֵידֿ (compare קֶבֶר).
g. ׳מִגְדַּל ד Song 4:4.
h. אישׁ האלהים ׳כְּלֵישִֿׁיר ד Neh 12:36.
i. ׳אֱלֹהֵי ד 2Kgs 20:5 + (compare אֱלֹהִים 4 b).
j. ׳חַסְדֵי ד 2Chr 6:42; Isa 55:3 (compare 2Sam 7:15; 1Kgs 3:6; Ps 89:50; 2Chr 1:8 etc.). — (On text note the following: — דָּוִד 1Sam 30:20a strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ7 We Dr; 2Sam 3:5 read probably name of a former husband of Eglah We Dr; 2Sam 13:39 read רוּחַ We^p.223 Dr; 2Sam 19:44 read בְּכוֺר (for בדוד) ᵐ5 The We Dr; insert דָּוִד 2Sam 9:11; 2Sam 15:32 & 2Sam 24:15 ᵐ5 We Dr; in 1Chr 18:12; Ps 60:1 אבשׁי & יואב are less original than דָּוִד 2Sam 8:13 We Dr).

david, davids

dāwid

beloved

David, the youngest son of Jesse

youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel

מִ שָּׁ֑ם

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

שָּׁ֑ם

Adverb there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

Dictionary form: שָׁם · shawm

Adverb

In the KJV here: from thence

there ×309 and there ×67 thither ×56 from thence ×50 thence ×32 where ×30 him there ×10 therein ×9

More options

there — Default spatial adverb; fits most contexts naturally.

in that place — More explicit; use when location needs emphasis.

to that place — Directional sense; use when movement toward is implied.

from there — Point of departure; replaces archaic 'from thence/thence'.

where — Relative clause contexts; links location to a preceding noun.

there in it — Renders the 'therein/within it' locative nuance.

BDB10005 H8536 H8033

תַּמָּה adverb there (so Egyptian Aramaic (RÉS^{361 B 5} [also תנה^{A 4}, so Cilician Aramaic, Cooke^{68. 5}, compare Palmyrene תנן ib.^{121. 3}, Syriac ] S-C^{A 4, J 6}); ᵑ7 תַּמָּן, Syriac , see Biblical Hebrew שָׁם); — Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:1; Ezra 6:12 ׳מִןתֿ thence Ezra 6:6.

BDB8775 H8033 H3074

שָׁם adverb there, thither (Arabic there, compare then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, ᵑ7 תַּמָּן (with demonstrative n, compare אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם); —

1. a. there Gen 2:8; Gen 2:12; Gen 11:2; Gen 11:7; Gen 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emphasis, Mic 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nah 3:15; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:24; Ps 104:26 +, וְשָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 41:12; Exod 15:27; Num 13:22; Num 13:33 +, שָׁם ֗֗֗ וְשָׁם Exod 15:25; Deut 12:14; Isa 27:10; Job 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 29:2, כִּי שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 11:9; Gen 21:31; Gen 35:7; 2Sam 1:21; 2Sam 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 34:14; Isa 34:15, גַּם שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 23:12; Isa 57:7; Ps 139:10 resuming a preceding 'where,' Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judg 5:27; Jer 22:12; Eccl 11:3, compare Eccl 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם ֗֗֗ שָׁם here ... there Isa 28:10; Isa 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Ps 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Ps 36:13, compare Ps 48:7; Ps 66:6; Ps 132:17; Hos 6:7; Zeph 1:14. — Hab 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Eccl 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De and others
b. preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Gen 2:11; Exod 20:21; 1Sam 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Gen 13:3; Gen 13:14; Gen 19:27; Exod 29:42; 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Gen 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the relative being indicated by construct, Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130 c, d}) Ezek 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Co Or and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion ( = שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3), Deut 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judg 19:15; Judg 21:10; 1Sam 2:14; 1Sam 9:6 and elsewhere; אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁם whither, 1Kgs 18:10; 1Kgs 21:18; 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16; Isa 20:6, more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, as Jer 8:3; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 23:8; Jer 45:5 +, Ezek 4:13; Ezek 12:16; Ezek 36:20; Ezek 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Ps 122:4.

3. with ה locative, שָׁ֫מָּה (sh¹mm¹h):
a. after verbs of motion, thither, Gen 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, vGen 19:22; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:6; Gen 29:3; Deut 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Exod 16:33 וְתֶןשָֿׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Exod 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Exod 30:18; Judg 8:25; 2Kgs 12:10 pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Gen 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶתמֵֿתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Gen 25:10; Gen 49:31; Gen 50:5 (all P), נוֺעַד to meet Exod 29:42; Exod 29:43; Exod 30:6; Exod 30:36; Num 17:19 (all P), Josh 2:16; Josh 7:3; Jer 13:7; Joel 4:7, perhaps Song 8:5 (? c).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁ֫מָּה whither Gen 20:13; Num 33:54; Deut 4:5; Deut 4:14 + often; where 2Kgs 23:8; 1Chr 4:41.
c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Gen 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Josh 2:1; Judg 16:27; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 9:16; Hos 2:17; Isa 22:18; Isa 34:15; Isa 65:9; Jer 18:2; Jer 27:22; Ezek 23:3; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30 (Ezek 32:22 vEzek 32:24 vEzek 32:26 שָׁם), Ezek 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י, Ps 76:4; Ps 122:5; Eccl 3:16.

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence:
a. often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Gen 2:10; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 12:8; Gen 18:16; Gen 24:7; Gen 42:2, etc., Num 13:23; Num 21:12; Num 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Deut 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Deut 30:4; Jer 37:12; Hos 2:17; Amos 9:2; Amos 9:3; Amos 9:4; Job 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Gen 49:24 ׳מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (׳י), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so ᵑ6) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ מִשָּׁם whence Gen 24:5; Num 23:13 +.
c. expressing origin, Gen 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Gen 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Philistines, Judg 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1Sam 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isa 65:20.
d. of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Gen 27:9; Gen 30:32 (of צאֹן), Lev 2:2 ׳וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), 1Kgs 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, 2Kgs 7:2; 2Kgs 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹכל׃, Ezek 5:3.

there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

šām

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

there, thither

there

וַ יֵּ֖שֶׁב

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יֵּ֖שֶׁב

Root word dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …

Dictionary form: יָשַׁב · yaw-SHAHB

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and dwelt

the inhabitants ×105 dwelt ×69 dwell ×48 and dwelt ×38 sat ×30 and the inhabitants ×24 that dwelt ×21 to dwell ×20

More options

live — Best default for permanent residence or settlement.

sit — Physical posture; prefer for concrete, momentary action.

stay — Temporary or shorter-term presence; replaces 'abide/tarry'.

settle — Implies putting down roots; good for colonization contexts.

reside — Slightly formal; suits official or legal-register passages.

remain — Emphasizes continuing in place; good for lingering contexts.

BDB3774 H3427

יָשַׁב₁₀₉₀ verb sit, remain, dwell (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְתֵיב, ; MI^{10; 31} ישב, Judg 1:8; Judg 1:19 וישב, Judg 1:13 ואשב, dwell; Phoenician ישב dwell; Zinjirli ישב sit DHM^{Sendsch. 58}; Assyrian ašâbu, sit, dwell, Dl^{HWB 244}; Arabic leap, jump, Himyer. dialect sit, Lane²⁹¹⁹; Ethiopic II. 1 secum cohabitare facere, marry, consummate marriage, compare Hiph`il 4) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular יָשַׁב Gen 13:12 +; 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judg 5:16, וְיָשַׁבְתָּה נָ֑הּ consecutive Deut 17:14 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deut 1:46; Lev 18:3, וִישַׁבְתֶּם consecutive Lev 25:18 + 7 t., etc.; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1Sam 5:7 +, יֵשֶׁבֿ Gen 44:33; Ezek 44:3, יֵ֫שֶׁב before monosyll. 1Kgs 7:8; Job 22:8 וַיֵּ֫שֶׁב Gen 4:16 +; וַיֵּשֶׁב֑ Ruth 4:1 1 singular אֵשֵׁב Judg 6:18 +, וָאֵשֵׁב Deut 9:9 + 3 t. + Ezek 3:15b (but Co אשׁר Kt); אֵשְׁבָה 1Sam 27:5 אֵשֵׁבָ֑ה Isa 49:20 וָאֵשְׁבָה Ezek 9:3 3 masculine plural יֵשְׁבוּ Gen 47:4 +; 3 feminine plural תישׁבנה Ezek 35:9 Kt (i.e. תֵּישַׁבְנָה Ol^{§ 242 d} Kö^{i. 401}), Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה (√ שׁוב), Co proposes תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה; 1 plural נֵשֵׁב Jer 42:13; Jer 42:14, וַנֵּ֫שֶׁב Num 20:15 + 5 t.; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Gen 20:15 +, שֶׁבֿ Gen 35:1 שְׁבָה Gen 27:19 +; feminine singular שְׁבִי Gen 38:11 +; masculine plural שְׁבוּ Gen 22:5 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1Sam 20:5 construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1Sam 7:2 +; שָׁ֑בֶת Isa 40:22 +; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2Sam 7:5 +, etc.; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Gen 4:20; Gen 24:3 +, etc.; feminine ישְׁבָה Nah 3:8 י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judg 4:5 +; י(וֺ)שָׁ֑בֶת Josh 2:5; 2Kgs 4:13 ישַׁבְתְּ֯י Jer 22:23, י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת֯י Jer 10:17; Lam 4:21; Ezek 27:3 (Kt preferable in all these, see Ol^{§ 123 d} Ges^{«GKC:90»§ 90}. 3 a); feminine plural ישְׁבוֺת 1Sam 27:8 —

1. a. sit on (עַל) a seat 1Sam 20:25, stone Exod 17:12, teraphim Gen 31:34, couch Gen 48:2 (all E), Ezek 23:41, knees 2Kgs 4:20, throne Exod 11:5; Exod 12:29 (J), Deut 17:18; 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 4:13; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 1:17; 1Kgs 1:20 +, see absolute below; of ׳י, הַיּשֵׁב עַלחֿוּג הָאֶרֶץ Isa 40:22 dust Isa 47:1, ground (אֶרֶץ) Ezek 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6 (these in token of humiliation); sit down by (עַל) a well Exod 2:15 or pool 2Sam 2:13 with אֶל 1Sam 28:23 sit in (ב) house, street, doorway, assembly, etc. 2Sam 7:1; Judg 19:15; Gen 38:14 (J), Jer 15:17; Jer 26:10; Ps 1:1; Song 2:3 so Ezek 31:6; Ezek 31:17 (figurative); of No of Amon (personified city) הַיּשְׁבָה בַּיְאֹרִים Nah 3:8 she who sate amid the rivers; with לְ sit on to (pregnantly) לָאָרֶץ Isa 3:26; Isa 47:1; Lam 2:10, לְכִסֵּא Ps 9:5, at, לְפֶתַח בית Prov 9:14, לִימִינוֺ(יׅ 1Kgs 2:19; Ps 110:1 לַמַּבּוּל Ps 29:10 with לִפְנֵי Gen 43:33 (J), + שָׁם Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 with עִם 1Sam 20:5; Prov 31:22 with אֶתֿ Jer 16:8; Job 2:13 with תַּחַת Judg 6:11; Mic 4:4, וַיֵּשֶׁב תַּחְתֶּיהָ בַּצֵּל Jonah 4:5 with מִנֶּגֶד Gen 21:16 (twice in verse) (E), נֶגֶד Isa 47:14, מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Jonah 4:5 מִצַּד 1Sam 20:25; Ruth 2:14 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Ezek 28:2 לִשְׁפֹּט Exod 18:13; Joel 4:12 (compare Ps 9:5; Isa 28:6); hence absolute of sitting as king or judge Exod 18:14; Ps 61:8; Mal 3:3, יושׁבים Isa 10:13, perhaps Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8, especially of ׳י sitting (enthroned), Ps 2:4; Ps 9:8; Ps 29:10; Ps 55:20; Ps 102:13; Lam 5:19, so in ישֵׁב (הַ)כְּרוּבִים 1Sam 4:4; 2Sam 6:2 = 1Chr 13:6; 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 99:1 ישֵׁב תְּהִלּוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל Ps 22:4 (see with עַל, above); by meton. of thrones, for the judges sitting on them שָׁמָּה יָָֽשְׁבוּ כִסְאוֺת לְמִשְׁפָּט Ps 122:5 הַיּשְׁבִים Ruth 4:14, i.e. in the gate (compare vRuth 4:11), those in whose presence purchase of land took place.
b. sit, sit down, absolute, Judg 19:6; Ruth 4:1; Ruth 4:2; Neh 1:4; Jer 36:15 (followed by clause of purpose, to eat, etc.) Gen 37:25; Esth 3:15 +; opposed to קוּם Exod 32:6 (JE) Ps 139:2, מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת Ps 127:2 (opposed to מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם); so Isa 37:28 = 2Kgs 19:27 (read לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ at end of v2Kgs 19:27 = 2Kgs 19:26 We in Bl^{Einl. 4, 257} Rs^{Proph. 351, and n. 9}); but also קוּמִי שְׁבִי Isa 52:2, explained by (וַיָּקָם מֵהָאָרֶץ וַיֵּשֶׁב אֶלהַֿמִּטָּה 1Sam 28:23 and) 2Sam 19:9.
c. sit down outside (חוּץ), i.e. perform a necessity of nature Deut 23:14.
d. sit = be set (as a jewel), ישְׁבוֺתּ עַלמִֿלֵּאת Song 5:12 set on a filling (i.e. in a setting, De and others), in description of eyes; (> others sitting by full streams).

2. a. remain, stay, tarry (for a limited or indefinite time), with אֶת person Gen 24:55 (J), Judg 19:4; 2Sam 16:8 with עִם person Gen 27:44 (J), עִמָּדִי Gen 29:19 (E), Judg 17:10 with בְ local 1Sam 7:2 (of ark), 1Sam 13:16; 1Sam 14:2; 1Sam 24:4 (1Sam 23:25 read אֲשֶׁר for וַיֵּשֶׁב ᵐ5 We Dr Klo Kit Bu), 2Sam 10:5; 2Sam 19:25 (where read שִׁבְתּוֺ for שִׁיבָתוֺ Dr Klo Bu, see We), Num 35:25 (P), Job 24:13 with שָׁם 1Kgs 11:16, שָׁם עַדעֿוֺלָם 1Sam 1:22 with על (by) 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 פֹּה 2Kgs 7:4 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה עִםֿ הַחֲמוֺר Gen 22:5 (E); with בֵּין Judg 5:16, מִחוּץ לְ Lev 14:8 (P),אֵצֶל 1Sam 20:19 with accusative בית 2Sam 6:11; 2Sam 13:20; Ruth 2:7 absolute 1Sam 1:23 (twice in verse); abide, endure Mic 5:3, וְיהוּדָה לְעוֺלָם תֵּשֵׁב Joel 4:20, so of Mt. Zion Ps 121:1.
b. with special emphasis on qualifying phrase, וַתֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵיתָן קַשְׁתּוֺ Gen 49:24 and his bow abode as a firm one (poem in J); 1Kgs 22:1 and they continued three years without war; of woman remaining בִּדְמֵי טָהֳרָה Lev 12:4, ׳עלדֿמי וגו vLev 12:5.

3. dwell, have one's abode in (ב) a land, city, house, etc., Gen 4:16; Gen 13:7; Gen 13:12 (twice in verse); Gen 19:29; Gen 24:37; Gen 24:62; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:2; Josh 20:6; 2Sam 7:6 + often (on 2Sam 21:16 see ישׁבו בְנֹב, p. 444); in tents Jer 35:7; Jer 35:10; 1Chr 5:10 figurative of justice (צְדָקָה) Isa 32:16 (|| וְשָׁכֵן מִשְׁפָּט); in the midst of (בְּקֶרֶב) Gen 24:3; Josh 13:13; Josh 16:10; Judg 1:30; Judg 1:32; Judg 1:33; Judg 3:5 so with בְּתוֺךְ Gen 23:10 (P); with עַל + הארץ, of God 1Kgs 8:27 = 2Chr 6:18 of people Lev 25:18; Lev 25:19; Lev 26:35 (H); with לְ Job 15:28 with בֵּין Gen 20:1 (E); dwell with (אֶת) Gen 34:16; Gen 34:22 (P), Exod 2:21 (E), Josh 15:63 (JE), Judg 1:16; Judg 1:21; Judg 17:11 יֵשְׁבוּ יְשָׁרִים אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ Ps 140:14 so with עִם Josh 20:4; Deut 23:17 (+ בקרב), Ps 26:4 (i.e. assoc. with); with יַחְדָּו Gen 13:6 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 36:7 (P), Deut 25:5 שֶׁבֶת גַּםיָֿ֑חַד Ps 133:1 dwell in their stead (תַּחְתָּם) Deut 2:12 (twice in verse); Deut 2:22; Deut 2:23; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22 absolute לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ Isa 45:18 for dwelling he formed it (the earth); (thy) dwelling-place is מְקוֺם שִׁבְתְּךָ 1Kgs 8:30 = 2Chr 6:21, also ׳מְכוֺן שׁ 1Kgs 8:39; 1Kgs 8:43; 1Kgs 8:49 = 2Chr 6:30; 2Chr 6:33; 2Chr 6:39, so Ps 33:14 ׳מָכוֺן לְש֔ Exod 15:17; 1Kgs 8:13 = 2Chr 6:2. Participle ישֵׁב = substantive, dweller, inhabitant, very often (c. 215 t.): e.g. ישֵׁב אהלים Gen 25:27 (J); often collective ישֵׁב אהל Gen 4:20 (J), ישׁב הָאָרֶץ Gen 34:30; Gen 50:11 (both J), Exod 34:12; Exod 34:15 (JE); also in poetry f., (as collective; see Dr on 1Sam 17:21) יוֺשֶׁבֶת שָׁפִיר etc., MI 1Sam 1:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 1:15 יוֺשֶׁבֶת צִיּוֺן Isa 12:6; Jer 51:35 similarly Jer 10:17; Jer 21:23; Jer 48:19 (compare Lam 4:21) Zech 2:11 with בת in app. (Da^{§28 R. 6}), יוֺשֶׁבֶת בַּתמִֿצְרַיִם Jer 46:19, so Jer 48:18 more usually plural ישְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים Gen 19:25 (J), compare Deut 13:14 ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ Exod 23:21 (JE), compare Exod 15:14; Exod 15:15 (poem in E); ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל Isa 18:3, יוֺשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Isa 38:11, etc.; ישְׁבֶיהָ Lev 18:25; Lev 25:10 (H), Num 13:32 (P); absolute יוֺשֵׁב (collective) Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8; Isa 49:19 הַיוֺשְׁבִים 1Chr 9:2 also (strangely) ישְׁבוֺת הארץ 1Sam 27:8 = the populations of the land We Dr (elsewhere in this sense only feminine singular and in poetry, see above); frequently in phrase without in habitant (i.e. so that there shall be no inhabitants), מֵאֵין ישׁב Isa 5:9; Isa 6:4; Isa 26:9; Isa 33:10; Isa 34:23; Jer 44:22; Jer 46:19; Jer 51:29; Jer 51:37; Zeph 2:5; Zeph 3:6 מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב בָּהֶן Jer 48:9 מִבְּלִי ישֵׁב Jer 2:15; Jer 9:10 לאֹ יִהְיֶה יוֺשֵב בָּהּ Jer 50:3 לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֺתבּֿוֺ יוֺשֵׁב Jer 51:62.

4. of a land or city, sit, abide seated in its place, figurative for be inhabited Jer 17:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 50:13; Jer 50:39; Ezek 26:20; Ezek 29:11; Ezek 36:35; Isa 13:20 (|| לאֹ תִּשְׁכּוֺן), Zech 2:8; Zech 9:5; Zech 14:11 יָָֽשְׂבָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Ezek 35:9 Kt is תישׁבנה, Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה; Co תושׁבנה, i.e. Niph`al תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה (compare Ezek 36:10), or Hoph`al תּוּשַׁבְנָה (compare Isa 44:26); of palace, וְאַרְמוֺן עַלמִֿשְׁפָּטוֺ יֵשֵׁב Jer 30:18. Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jer 6:8 3 plural וְנָֽשְׁבוּ consecutive Ezek 36:10, נוֺשָׂ֑בוּ Ezek 26:19, נוֺשָׁ֑בֻ֯ה Jer 22:6 Participle feminine נוֺשֶׁבֶת Ezek 26:17 ( < נִשְׁבַּתְּ ᵐ5 Co, √ שׁבת), נוֺשָׁ֑בֶת Exod 16:35 plural נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 12:20; Ezek 38:12 — be inhabited, of land Exod 16:35 (perhaps = be habitable), Jer 6:8 of cities Jer 22:6; Ezek 12:20; Ezek 26:19; Ezek 36:10 חֳרָבוֺת נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 38:12 — Ezek 26:17 see above; Ezek 35:9 see

Qal 4. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ טִירוֺתֵיהֶם בָּ֑ךְ Ezek 25:4 and they shall set their encampments in thee (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co וְיֵשְׁבוּ inhabit. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14, suffix הוֺשַׁיבַנִי Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 1 singular הוֺשַׁבְתִּי Lev 23:33, וְה(וֺ)שַׁבְתִּים consecutive Hos 11:11; Jer 32:37 וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים consecutive Zech 10:6 (Kö^{i, 413}; but probably text error, see Thes and Ges^{Lgb 464}; read probably וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים as vZech 10:10, so Sta^{ZAW. 1881, 21} We), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:11, וַיּוֺ֫שֶׁב 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 suffix וַיּוֺשִׁיבַי֯נִי 1Kgs 2:24 (Kö^{i, 414. 224}); וַיּשִׁיבֵם Job 36:7 1 plural ונּ֫שֶׁב Ezra 10:2, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:6 masculine plural ה(וֺ)שִׁיבוּ 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:10 Infinitive construct ה(וֺ)שִׁיב 1Sam 2:8; Neh 13:27 הוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:8 (Ol^{§ 123 d}; read בוֺ-, see Che); Participle absolute מוֺשִׁיב Ps 68:7, construct מוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:9 (Ol^l.c. Ges^l.c.); —

1. cause to sit with accusative of person + על כסא 1Kgs 2:24; 2Chr 23:20 so (without על כסא) + לָנֶצַח Job 36:7 set, place with accusative of person + נֶגְדּוֺ 1Kgs 21:10, also v1Kgs 21:9, v1Kgs 21:12 (בְּראֹשׁ הָעָם).

2. cause to abide (accusative of person) at (ב) 1Sam 30:21.

3. a. cause to dwell, with accusative of person + ב location 1Sam 12:8; 2Kgs 17:6; Hos 12:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:11 (P), Lev 23:43 (H), Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 בְּאֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת Ezek 26:20 accusative of person omitted 2Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 17:26 accusative of person + שָׁם 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 accusative of person + עַלהַֿבָּתִּים Hos 11:11 (but read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים We); accusative of person omitted, with עם person 1Sam 2:8; Ps 113:8 מוֺשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּ֫יְתָה Ps 68:7 causing solitary ones to dwell in a house (or is מוֺשִׁיב for מֵשִׁיב Bae?); with accusative of person only עֲקֶרֶת הַבַּיִת ׳מושׁ Ps 113:9 giving a dwelling to her that is barren of house; absolute with לָבֶ֫טַח Jer 32:37; Ps 4:9 absolute with כְּקַדְמוֺתֵיכֶם Ezek 36:11. On Zech 10:6, see above
b. cause cities (עָרִים) to be inhabited Ezek 36:33; Isa 54:3.

4. marry (properly give a dwelling to, compare Ps 113:9), only Ezra Nehemiah, and only with accusative נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת strange or foreign women Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Neh 13:27 so השִׁיבוּ נָשִׁים אַשְׁדֳּו֯דִיּוֺת Neh 13:23. Hoph`al Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם לְבַדְּכֶם בְּקֶרֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ Isa 5:8 and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land. Imperfect הָאֹמֵר לִירוּשָׁלַםִ תּוּשָׁב֑ Isa 44:26 he who saith of Jerusalem, she shall be inhabited. Ezek 35:9 see Qal 4.

BDB9601 H3488 H3427

יְתִב (K^{§ 25 a}) β)) verb sit, dwell (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew ישׁב); —

Pe`al 1. sit, be seated: Perfect 3 masculine singular יְתִב Dan 7:9 and (of judgment = the judge) vDan 7:10, so Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתִּ֑ב (K^{§ 43.1.Beisp. b}), compare Biblical Hebrew יֵשֵׁב) Dan 7:26.

2. dwell, Participle plural absolute יָתְבִין Ezra 4:17 (ב location). Haph`el cause to dwell: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺתֵב Ezra 4:10 (accusative + ב location).

dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …

yāšab

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

to dwell, remain, sit, abide

(Qal)

to sit, sit down

to cause to sit

to be inhabited

בִּ מְצָד֥וֹת

בִּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

מְצָד֥וֹת

Root word holds, hold, munitions, castle, forts

Dictionary form: מְצַד · meh-TSAHD

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: in strong holds

in strong holds ×2 and strong holds ×1 and the strong holds ×1 be in the forts ×1 in the castle ×1 in their holds ×1 into the hold ×1 shall be the munitions ×1

More options

stronghold — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable.

fortress — Emphasizes imposing, permanent defensive structure.

fortification — More general; suits collective or military-strategy contexts.

refuge — Highlights the protective function over physical structure.

citadel — Good for urban or royal defensive contexts.

garrison — Use when military occupation of the site is in focus.

BDB6967 H4679

מְצָד, מְצַד noun feminine^{Jer 48:41} fastness, stronghold (properly hunting-place?); — absolute מְצָד 1Chr 11:7; 1Chr 12:16, מְצַד 1Chr 12:8 plural absolute מְצָדוֺת 1Sam 23:14+, construct id. v1Sam 23:29 (Gi, 1Sam 24:1 van d. H. Baer), Isa 33:16 —

1. mounting-fastness Judg 6:2; 1Sam 23:14; 1Sam 23:19; 1Sam 23:29 (see above), Ezek 33:27; 1Chr 12:8; 1Chr 12:16 מְצָדוֺת סְלָעִים Isa 33:16.

2. more generally, stronghold Jer 48:41; Jer 51:30; Ezek 19:9 (Baer Gi; van d. H. מְצֹדוֺת id. [II. מְצוֺדָה] Ew Hi-Sm Da and others; nets [1. מְצוֺדָה] Krae; strike out Co Oort Toy); citadel of Jerusalem 1Chr 11:7.

BDB6970 H4685 H4679

I. מְצוֺדָה noun feminine net; — ׳מ Eccl 9:12 for fish (in simile); — plural Ezek 19:9 see מְצָד above

holds, hold, munitions, castle, forts

mĕṣad

a fastness (as a covert of ambush)

fort, stronghold, fastness

mountain-fastness

עֵֽין

Root word a name — transliterate it

Dictionary form: אָב · awb

Noun — Proper Name

his father ×133 of their fathers ×94 his fathers ×86 my father ×80 thy father ×51 of the fathers ×44 the father ×41 their fathers ×30

More options

father — Default choice; direct, natural, widely understood.

ancestor — Prefer when referring to distant forebears or lineage.

forefather — Slightly more formal; good for ancestral or covenantal contexts.

patriarch — Use for tribal or clan heads with religious authority.

family head — Highlights household-leader role in social/legal contexts.

founder — Suits contexts emphasizing originating or establishing a line.

BDB17 H1

אָב₁₁₉₁ noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CIS^{iv, 1, 37 1. 2} and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Gen 44:19 + 47 t.; construct אַב Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge^{§§ 90, 3b, 96}) Gen 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Gen 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gen 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gen 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judg 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exod 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exod 6:25 + 7 t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Gen 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1Chr 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exod 4:5 + 106 t. etc.; —

1. father of individual Gen 2:24 (+ אֵם) Gen 11:28; Gen 11:29 (twice in verse); Gen 19:31; Gen 19:32; Gen 19:33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Gen 50:16 (J) Jer 35:6 f Prov 6:20 (compare Gen 18:19 J Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 P 1Sam 17:20; 1Kgs 2:1); instructing מוסר Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1 (compare Deut 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Prov 23:22; Zech 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isa 45:10 compare Gen 49:4 (J) Lev 18:7; Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11 (P); rebuking Gen 37:10 loving Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (J E; compare Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; 2Sam 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in simile compare 2Sam 18:5); blessing Gen 27:41 (J E compare Gen 27:4 also Gen 28:1 P +); as glad Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20 compare Prov 29:3 grieving Gen 37:35 (J E; compare 2Sam 12:22; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exod 20:12 (E) = Deut 5:16; Exod 21:15; Exod 21:17 (E) Deut 21:18; Deut 21:19; Gen 28:7 (P) 1Kgs 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Kgs 50:1; 1Kgs 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).

2. of God as father of his people (see RS^{Sem 42}), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deut 32:6; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:19; Jer 31:9; Isa 63:16 (twice in verse); Isa 64:7; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:10 (compare Exod 4:22; Exod 19:4 (JE) Deut 32:11; Hos 11:1); compare Jer 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2Sam 7:14; Ps 89:27 f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (compare Ps 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)

3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gen 38:11 (twice in verse); Lev 22:13 +; = family Gen 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) Gen 41:51; Gen 46:31 + compare Num 18:1; Num 18:2; Josh 2:12; Josh 2:18; Josh 6:25 especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֺת Num 3:30; Num 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exod 6:14) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:18 ff (often in Numbers) Josh 14:1; Josh 19:51; Josh 21:1 (twice in verse); Josh 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1Chr 5:13; 1Chr 5:15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exod 6:25 compare 1Kgs 8:1; 1Chr 6:4; 1Chr 7:11 + often Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah.

4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gen 28:13; Gen 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:13 great-greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Gen 15:15; Gen 46:34 (JE) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Kgs 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 11:21; 1Kgs 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:24; 1Kgs 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24; 2Kgs 15:38 compare v2Kgs 15:7, 2Kgs 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exod 10:6 compare Dan 11:24 (b) of people Gen 10:21 (J) Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (P) Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J) Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P) Deut 26:5; Isa 51:2; Isa 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezek 16:3; Ezek 16:45 + often; plural Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16 (E) Deut 1:8; Josh 1:6; Judg 2:1; 1Sam 12:6 +; 1Sam 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.

5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gen 4:20; Gen 4:21.

6. figurative of producer, generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).

7. figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18 of Eliakim Isa 22:21 perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isa 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br^MP).

8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2Kgs 5:13 priest Judg 17:10; Judg 18:19 prophet 2Kgs 2:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:21; 2Kgs 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2Kgs 8:9 counsellor Gen 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esth 3:13 τῷ πατρί 1 Mac Esth 11:32); king 1Sam 24:12 artificer 2Chr 2:12; 2Chr 4:16.

9. specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1Chr 2:24; 1Chr 2:42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew^{§ 273 b}) see also Ew^{Geschichte. i. 524. H i. 365}. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see Che^{Ency. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITH} Nö^{ib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45}.

fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …

ʾāb

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

father of an individual

grandfather, forefathers (of a person)

גֶּֽדִי

Root word a name — transliterate it ("At en-gedi")

Dictionary form: עֵין גֶּדִי · ane ɡeh-DEE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: at en-gedi

of en-gedi ×2 and en-gedi ×1 at en-gedi ×1 is en-gedi ×1 it from en-gedi ×1

More options

En-gedi — Standard modern spelling; preferred in most Bible translations.

Ein Gedi — Hebrew/Israeli spelling; suits historical or geographical contexts.

En Gedi — Unhyphenated modern form used in some contemporary translations.

BDB6018 H5872

עֵין גֶּ֫דִי proper name, of a location Ενγαδδει, etc.; — עֵין גֶּ֑דִי מְצָדֹת 1Sam 23:29, ׳מִדְבַּר ע 1Sam 24:1, ׳כַּרְמֵי ע Song 1:14 ׳ע=חַצְצוֺן תָּמָר (q. v.) according to 2Chr 20:2 עֵין גֶּ֨דִי֨ Ezek 47:10 modern ±Ain ³idî, on West shore of Dead Sea, GASm^{Geogr.269 f, 512} Buhl^{Geogr. 41.164 f}.

en-gedi

ʿên gedî

fount of the kid

En-Gedi, a place in Palestine

a town in the wilderness of Judah on the western shore of the Dead Sea

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqw3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5927

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1732

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8033

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqw3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3427

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncfpc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4679

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5872

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV