2 Samuel 22:43

וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּֽעֲפַר אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם
Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ אֶשְׁחָקֵ ֖ם
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אֶשְׁחָקֵ
Root word beat, wear
֖ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: שָׁחַק · shaw-HAHK

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), first person singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: then did i beat
then did i beat ×2 and thou shalt beat ×1 wear ×1
More options
grind — Best for reducing to powder or fine dust.
pulverize — Emphatic; stresses complete destruction into particles.
crush — Good for forceful, violent breaking down.
pound — Suits repeated, percussive action (grain, metal).
wear away — Best for gradual erosion over time.
beat fine — Captures both action and result; close to KJV but modernized.

BDB8601 H7833

BDB8600 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8602

[שָׁחַק] verb rub away, beat fine, pulverize (so Arabic , worn garment, thin clouds; Aramaic שְׁחַק, pilverize; Ecclus שחק Eccl 6:36 is go often (wear by treading), Str compare iter terere); —

Qal Perfect 3 plural אֲבָּנִים שָֽׁחֲקוּ מַיִם Job 14:19 waters rub away stones; 2 masculine singular וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ Exod 30:36 (P; of pulverizing incense, see דקק Hiph`il); figurative, accusative of foes, Imperfect 1 singular suffix וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם 2Sam 22:43 (||) = Ps 18:43.

beat, wear
šāḥaq
to comminate (by trituration or attrition)
  • to rub away, beat fine, pulverise
    • (Qal)
      • to rub away
        • of incense, stones
          • "of enemies (figuratively)

כַּ ֽעֲפַר
כַּ
Prefix — preposition like, as
ֽעֲפַר
Root word dust, earth, powder, rubbish, morter, …
Dictionary form: עָפָר · aw-PAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: them as small as the dust
the dust ×23 dust ×13 in the dust ×6 out of the dust ×5 as the dust ×4 and dust ×3 of the dust ×3 and the dust ×2
More options
dust — Modernized KJV core rendering; most universally applicable.
dirt — Earthy, tangible feel; suits lowliness or humble origins.
soil — Prefer when ground/earth sense is primary.
earth — Cosmic or poetic contexts, e.g. 'from earth to earth'.
powder — Best for fine, crushed, or scattered material.
rubble — Suits contexts of ruin, debris, or destruction.

BDB6257 H6083

BDB6256 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6258

עָפָר noun masculineLev 14:42 dry earth, dust; — absolute ׳ע Gen 2:7 +, construct עֲפַר Gen 13:16 +; suffix עֲפָרֵךְ Ezek 26:12, עֲפָרוֺ Deut 9:21, etc.; plural construct עַפְרֹת Job 28:6; Prov 8:26 —

1. literally:
  a. dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) 2Sam 16:13 (|| אֲבָנִים); עַלרֿאֹשׁ ׳וַיַעֲלוּ ע Josh 7:6 (J E; sign of grief), so Ezek 27:30; Lam 2:10, and (with זָרַק) Job 2:12 loose earth (on surface of ground) 1Kgs 18:38; Amos 2:7; Mic 1:10; Isa 34:7; Isa 34:9; Lev 17:13 (H) Ezek 24:7 (in figurative), Num 5:17; Job 14:19; Job 38:38; Job 39:14; Gen 26:15 (R), made into siege works Hab 1:10 of sand-storm Deut 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent's food, token of punishment and humiliation, Gen 3:14 (J) Isa 65:25 (compare Mic 7:17 2 e below); ׳זֹחֲלֵי ע Deut 32:24 (poem; compare 2 e).
  b. specifically as material of human body Gen 2:7; Gen 3:19 (J), Eccl 3:20, compare Job 4:19; Job 8:19; Ps 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶלֿ) Gen 3:19; Job 10:9; Ps 104:29; Eccl 3:20 so (with עַל) Job 34:15; Eccl 12:7.
  c. = surface of ground Exod 8:12; Exod 8:13 (twice in verse); (P; הָאָרַץ ׳ע), Job 19:25; Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5 (both || אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Job 41:25, ׳מְחִלוֺת ע Isa 2:19 (for hiding), so ׳ע alone vIsa 2:10, compare ׳חֹרֵי ע Job 30:6 = soil, Job 5:6; Job 14:8.
  d. powder of anything pulverized Deut 9:21 (twice in verse) (compare דָּ֑ק || Exod 32:20), 2Kgs 23:6 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 23:12; 2Kgs 23:15, so in simile 2Sam 22:43 = Ps 18:43, hence = ashes vPs 18:4; Num 19:17.
  e. debris, of ruined city 1Kgs 20:10; Ezek 26:4; Ezek 26:12; Neh 3:34; Neh 4:4; Ps 102:15. The following are late: feminine earth of the grave: אֶשְׁכַּב ׳לֶע Job 7:21, so (with עַל) Job 20:11; Job 21:26, compare Job 17:16 ׳יוֺרְדֵי ע Ps 22:30, ׳שֹׁכְנֵי ע Isa 26:19, ׳יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַתעֿ Dan 12:2 עֲפַרמָֿוֶת Ps 22:16 ׳ע in figure Ps 30:10.
  g. mortar (i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses Lev 14:41; Lev 14:42; Lev 14:45 (P).
  h. (iron-) ore Job 28:2 עַפְרֹת זָהָב vJob 28:6 gold-dust (but see סַפִּיר).
  i. material of earth Isa 40:12, compare ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Prov 8:26 the first of the earth particles of the world.
2. figurative:
  a. of abundance Gen 13:16 (twice in verse); Gen 28:14 (all J) 2Chr 1:9; Job 27:16; Ps 78:27 (|| חוֺל יַמִּים), compare עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Num 23:10 (JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zeph 1:7; Zech 9:3.
  b. of worthlessness (alone) Job 22:24.
  c. simile of the scattered, dispersed 2Kgs 13:7 ׳כֶּע Isa 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer ׳כֵּע; on meaning see Du Che, reading תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן).
  d. of self-abasement Gen 18:27 (+ אֵפַר), ׳וְנִחַמְתִּי עַלעֿ וָאֵפֶר Job 42:6, פִּיהוּ ׳יִתֵּן בֶּע Lam 3:29.
  e. of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Isa 47:1 compare Isa 29:4 (twice in verse), Job 16:15; Job 40:13; Ps 7:6; Ps 44:26; Ps 119:25, simile Job 30:19 licking dust Ps 72:9; Isa 49:23; Mic 7:17, compare Tel Amarna tikalu ipra (of enemies, see WklAltor. Forsch. iii. 291; also of serpent 1 a above); of ׳י raising from the dust 1Sam 2:8 = Ps 113:7, 1Kgs 16:2 of lifting oneself Isa 52:2.

dust, earth, powder, rubbish, morter, …
ʿāpār
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
  • dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
    • dry or loose earth
      • "debris"mortar"ore

אָ֑רֶץ
אָ֑רֶץ
Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the earth
the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43
More options
land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.
earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).
ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.
country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.
region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.
world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

BDB779 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB781

אֶ֫רֶץ2407 noun feminineGen 10:11 & (seldom) masculineGen 13:16 earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COTGloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os9 DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ  ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
  b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
  c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.
2. land =
  a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
  b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
  c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
  d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
  e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
  g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr10. 65); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.
3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
  b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.
4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
  a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
  b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
  c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
  d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
  e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.
5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (JR) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
ʾereṣ
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • land, earth
    • earth
      • whole earth (as opposed to a part)
        • "earth (as opposed to heaven)"earth (inhabitants)
      land
      • country, territory
        • "district, region"tribal territory"piece of ground"land of Canaan, Israel"inhabitants of land"Sheol, land without return, (under) world"city, city-state
      ground, surface of the earth
      • ground
        • "soil
      (in phrases)
      • people of the land
        • "space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)"level or plain country"land of the living"end(s) of the earth
      (almost wholly late in usage)
      • lands, countries
        • often in contrast to Canaan

כְּ טִיט
כְּ
Prefix — preposition like, as
טִיט
Root word mire, clay, dirt
Dictionary form: טִיט · teet

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: them as the mire
as the mire ×2 clay ×2 and dirt ×1 as the dirt ×1 in the mire ×1 into clay ×1 me out of the mire ×1 mire ×1
More options
mud — Most natural, broadly understood modern equivalent.
mire — Slightly formal; good for poetic or solemn contexts.
clay — Prefer when hardness or moldability is in view.
sludge — Vivid; suits imagery of filth or deep stickiness.
muck — Colloquial; emphasizes foulness or degradation.
dirt — General; use when specific texture matters less.

BDB3318 H2916

BDB3317 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3319

טִיט noun masculine mud, mire, clay (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ‰î‰u, id., Flood Tablet iii, 10. 25) — absolute טִיט Job 41:22 + 6 t.; construct id. Mic 7:10 + 5 t.; —

1. mud, mire of streets (always in simile of contempt, ignominious treatment) חוּצוֺת ׳ט Mic 7:10; Ps 18:43 = 2Sam 22:43; Zech 9:3; Zech 10:5 of Jeremiah's dungeon Jer 38:6 (twice in verse); of mire in which crocodile lies Job 41:22 cast up by sea Isa 57:20 (|| רֶפֶשׁ); of a bog (figurative of distress) Ps 69:15 and הַיָּוֵן ׳ט Ps 40:30.
2. poetic of potter's clay (|| חֹמֶר) Isa 41:25, brick-clay (|| id.) Nah 3:14.

טוֺטָפֹת, טֹטָפֹת see טטף.

mire, clay, dirt
ṭîṭ
mud or clay; figuratively, calamity
  • mud, clay, mire, damp dirt
    • mud, mire
      • "clay (poetical)

חוּצ֥וֹת
חוּצ֥וֹת
Root word without, streets, abroad, out, street, …
Dictionary form: חוּץ · hoots

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: of the street
without ×48 abroad ×19 out ×12 in the streets ×9 and in the streets ×7 and without ×6 of the streets ×6 street ×3
More options
outside — Broadest spatial sense; works for most contexts.
street — Prefer when urban public space is in view.
outdoors — Emphasizes open-air setting away from a building.
open square — Good for busy public gathering areas in cities.
beyond — Useful when expressing separation or exclusion.
in public — Highlights social visibility rather than physical location.

BDB2630 H2351

BDB2629 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2631

חוּץ noun [masculine] the outside, sometimes, especially in plural, specifically a street, never with suffix in singular, with ָ  ה locative ח֫וּצָה, חֻ֫צָה, plural חוּצוֺת, חֻצוֺת, with suffix חוּצֹתָיו etc., Isa 15:3 etc.; —

1. the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with prepositions, to express the adverb idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic synonym, except in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ):
  a. as accusative after verb of motion Deut 23:13 יָצָא חוּץ to go forth outside (that is, a camp), v.Deut 23:14 (as adverb accusative) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֺצִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Judg 19:25; 2Sam 13:18 compare Neh 13:8; Judg 12:9b בָּנוֺת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִןהַֿחוּץ from outside, from abroad, 2Kgs 4:3 שַׁאֲלִילָֿךְ כֵּלִים מִןהַֿחוּץ from outside (opposed to בַּבַּיִת v2Kgs 4:2); as genitive Lev 18:9 מוֺלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (i.e. by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opposed to מוֺלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Ezek 47:2 (twice in verse). With ָ  ה locative חוּצָה, after a verb of motion Exod 12:46 מִןהַֿבַּיִת ֗֗֗ חוּצָה, Prov 5:16 חוּצָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Num 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without 1Kgs 6:6; Isa 33:7 צָֽעֲקוּ חוּצָה cry without, 2Chr 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Gen 15:5 ׳וַיּוֺצֵא אֹתוֺ הח and brought him outside, Gen 19:17; Gen 24:29; Josh 2:19 +, 1Kgs 8:8 לֹא יֵרָאוּ הַחוּצָה were not seen towards the outside, Deut 25:5 לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָרi.e. shall not be married into another family, compare Judg 12:9 a.
  b. with preps.: a. אלהֿחוץ towards the outside Ezek 41:9, Ezek 34:21 pleonastic אלהֿחוצה. b. בחוץ Gen 9:22 outside (opposed to בְּתוֺךְ אָהֳלֹה vGen 9:21), Gen 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוץ, Deut 24:11; Exod 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), 2Kgs 10:24; Ps 31:12; Ezek 7:15 (opposed to מִבַּיִת), Hos 7:1 +. c. לחוץ Ps 41:7 יצא לחוץ; = on the outside Ezek 41:17; Ezek 42:7, לַחוּצָה 2Chr 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 3 c) the outside Ezek 40:19; Ezek 46:2, מִבַיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Gen 6:14; Exod 25:11 = Exod 37:2; 1Kgs 7:9; Deut 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּלחֶֿרֶב (opposed to יּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), Lam 1:20 (compare Ezek 7:15 above b); so מֵהַחוּץ Ezek 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Gen 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, Gen 24:11; Exod 26:35; Exod 37:7 (twice in verse); Lev 8:17; Lev 14:8; Num 35:5; Josh 6:23; Jer 21:4 +, even after a verb of motion 1Kgs 21:13 וַיּוֺצִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לְעִיר, 2Kgs 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץל is more common, Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 אל מחוץ למחנה, Lev 6:4; Lev 10:4; Lev 14:40; Lev 14:41 + often P, Deut 23:11. e. מִחוּצָה Ezek 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּצָה לְ vEzek 40:44. f. (late) חוּץ מִן outside of, Eccl 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּיִ outside of me, i.e. except me? (but read rather, with ᵐ5 ᵑ6 De Now and others, חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, i.e. God). (So Late Hebrew חוּץ מִן except, without, see DeEccl 2:25. compare The Aramaic synonym בַּר מִן except Exod 20:3 ᵑ7; apart from, without Isa 36:10 ᵑ7; Syriac id.)
2. Of a definite locality, namely
  a. that which is outside the houses of a town, i.e. a street Isa 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Jer 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers' street, Prov 1:20 כַּחוּץ, (|| כָּֽרְחֹבוֺת: so Prov 7:12; Prov 22:13; Jer 9:20); often in plural, as חוּצֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon 2Sam 1:20, ירושׁלם ׳ח Jer 5:1; Jer 7:17; Jer 7:34 + often Jeremiah; 1Kgs 20:34 וְחֻצוֺת תָּשִׂיםלְֿךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (i.e. bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Amos 5:16; Isa 15:3; Isa 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Isa 5:25; Jer 51:4; Ezek 11:6; Ezek 28:23 ( as filled with corpses of slain), בְּראֹשׁ כָּלחֿוּצוֺת i.e. in conspicuous places, Nah 3:10; Lam 2:19; Lam 4:1; Isa 51:20, טִיט חוּצוֺת mire of streets Zech 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Ps 18:43; Mic 7:10 ( so ׳כְּחֹמֶר ח Isa 10:6), metaphor of cheapness and abundance Zech 9:3.
  b. more generally, that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Job 18:17 וְלאֹ שֵׁם לוֺ עַלפְּֿנֵיחֿוּץ (see De), compare Prov 24:27 in the plural Job 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְנֵי חוּצוֺת, Prov 8:26; Ps 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).

without, streets, abroad, out, street, …
ḥûṣ
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
  • outside, outward, street, the outside

אֲדִקֵּ ֖ם
אֲדִקֵּ
Root word small, stamped, powder, stamp, bruise, …
֖ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: דָּקַק · daw-KAHK

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), first person singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: i did stamp
and stamped it small ×2 and beat them small ×1 and made dust ×1 and stamped ×1 and thou shalt beat in pieces ×1 bruise ×1 corn is bruised ×1 i did stamp ×1
More options
crush — Most versatile modern term for reducing to fragments.
grind — Prefer when a grinding/milling action is implied.
pulverize — Emphasizes thorough reduction to powder or dust.
pound — Highlights forceful, repeated striking action.
beat fine — Captures the resulting smallness; good for ritual contexts.
crumble — Better for contexts where material breaks apart naturally.

BDB1993 H1854

BDB1992 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1994

[דָּקַק] verb crush, pulverise, thresh; be fine (Arabic be or become thin, minute; Ethiopic Assyrian da‡â‡u Pa`el break in pieces COTGloss; Phoenician דק id., Aramaic דַּקֵּק Pa`el id., ) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular דַּק Deut 9:21, דָּ֑ק Exod 32:20 Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יְדֻקֶּ֑נּוּ Isa 28:28 2 masculine singular תָּדֹק Isa 41:15 —
1. crush (transitive) followed by accusative לֶחֶם bread-stuff, corn Isa 28:28 of threshing || דּוּשׁ Isa 41:15 (figurative of pulverizing mountains)
2. only Perfect; be fine, of state to which Moses reduced the golden calf by grinding וַיִּטְחַן עַד אֲשֶׁרדָּֿק֑ Exod 32:20 וָאֶכֹּת אֹתוֺ טָחוֺן הֵיטֵב עַד אֲשֶׁרדַּֿק לְעָפָר Deut 9:21. Hiph`il Perfect הֵדַק 2Kgs 23:15; 2Chr 34:4 2 feminine singular וַהֲדִקּוֺתְ consecutive Mic 4:13 Imperfect וַיָּ֫דֶק 2Kgs 23:6; 2Chr 15:16 1 singular suffix אֲדִקֵּם 2Sam 22:43 (but אֲרִיקֵם || Ps 18:43); Infinitive absolute הָדֵק Exod 30:36 construct לְהֵדַק 2Chr 34:7 (form anomalous compare Ew§ 238 d Ol§ 258 b Be; read perhaps לְהָדֵק Ki; or לָדַק [see כַּדַּק Isa 40:15] compare Öttli); — make dust of, pulverize וַיָּ֫דֶק לְעָפָר 2Kgs 23:6 (i.e. the Ashera), || 2Chr 34:4; 2Chr 34:7 (כִּתַּת לְהֵדַק); so of the bamah הֵדַק לְעָפָר 2Kgs 23:15 of the מִפְלֶצֶת 2Chr 15:16 figurative Mic 4:13 (object עַמִּים רַבִּים); Exod 30:36 (P) has וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ מִמֶּנָּה הָדֵק and thou shalt beat some of it fine (i.e. the incense); 2Sam 22:43 read אֲרִיקֵם (|| Ps 18:43) for אֲדִקֵּם. Hoph`al Imperfect יוּדָ֑ק Isa 28:28 be crushed, subject לֶחֶם bread corn (compare above Qal); — on sense compare Che Di.

BDB9455 H1751 H1855 H1854

BDB9454 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9456

[דְּקַק] verb be shattered, fall to pieces (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine plural דָּקוּ Dan 2:35. Haph`el break in pieces: Perfect 3 feminine singular הַדֶּ֫קֶת Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45, 3 masculine pluralהַדִּ֑קוּ Dan 6:25 (all followed by accusative); Imperfect 3 feminine singular תַּדִּק Dan 2:40 (absolute), vDan 2:44 (accusative); suffix תַּדֱּקִנַּהּ Dan 7:23 Participle active מְהַדֵּק Dan 2:40 (accusative), feminine מַדֱּקָה (K§ 46, 3 b)) absolute Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19.

דָּר see דוּר.

small, stamped, powder, stamp, bruise, …
dāqaq
to crush (or intransitively) crumble
  • to crush, pulverise, thresh
    • (Qal)
      • to crush
        • "to be fine
      (Hiphil) to pulverise, make dust of"(Hophal) to be crushed

אֶרְקָעֵֽ ם
אֶרְקָעֵֽ
Root word abroad, out, plates, spreadeth, stamp, …
ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: רָקַע · raw-KA

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), first person singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: and did spread them abroad
and did spread them abroad ×1 and stamp ×1 and stamped ×1 and they did beat ×1 and they were made broad ×1 he that spread forth ×1 him spread out ×1 spread into plates ×1
More options
spread — Broadest modern equivalent; suits most contexts.
hammer — Prefer when metal is beaten flat into sheets.
beat out — Emphasizes forceful flattening of metal.
flatten — General physical sense of making something thin/wide.
stamp — Use for treading/stamping with the foot.
stretch out — Good for cosmic imagery, e.g. spreading the sky.

BDB8109 H7554

BDB8108 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8110

[רָקַע] verb beat, stamp, beat out, spread out (Late Hebrew id.; Hiph`il, Aramaic רְקַע Aph`el, both spread out, and derivatives; Syriac press down (Luke 6:38 ᵑ6), spread out, also consolidate; Arabic patch, put on a patch, repair, compare Christian-Palestinian Aramaic patch, swaddling-bands, SchwIdioticon 90; Phoenician מרקע platter, or bowl, of gold CISi. 90, 1); —

Qal Imperfect 1 singular suffix אֶרְקָעֵם 2Sam 22:43 I will stamp them down (probably gloss to אֲדִקֵּם preceding, of. BaePs 18:43); Imperative רְקַע בְּדַגְלְךָ Ezek 6:11 beat (stamp) with thy foot, in token of contemptuous pleasure, compare Da (|| הַכֵּה בְכַפְּךָ); so Infinitive construct suffix רַקְעֲךָ בְּרָ֑גֶל Ezek 25:6 (|| מַחְאֲךָ יָד); Participle active as substantive construct (Ges«GKC:65d»§ 65d) רֹקַע הָאָרֶץ (i.e. ׳י) he that (beateth out) spreadeth out the earth Isa 42:5, רֹקַע ׳הַא Isa 44:24, ׳רוֺקַע הָא Ps 136:6. Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Isa 40:19 a goldsmith with gold over-layeth it (literally beateth it out 3 masculine plural וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶתֿ פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב Exod 39:3 they beat out the plates of gold; suffix וַיְרִקְּעוּם צִפּוּי Num 17:4 they beat them out as plating. Pu`al Participle כֶּסֶף מְרֻקָּ֑ע Jer 10:9 silver beaten out. Hiph`il Imperfect 2 masculine singular תַּרְקִיעַ עִמּוֺ לִשְׁחָקִים Job 37:18 canst thou make with (= like) him a spreading for clouds (spread out clouds; cf, רָקִיעַ)?

abroad, out, plates, spreadeth, stamp, …
rāqaʿ
to pound the earth (as a sign of passion); by analogy to expand (by hammering); by implication, to overlay (with thin sheets of metal)
  • to beat, stamp, beat out, spread out, stretch
    • (Qal)
      • to stamp, beat out
        • "one who beats out (participle)
      (Piel) to overlay, beat out (for plating)"(Pual) beaten out (participle)"(Hiphil) to make a spreading (of clouds)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break כַּֽעֲפַר אָ֑רֶץ Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here כְּטִיט חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break אֶרְקָעֵֽם Silluq — end of the verse

וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם כַּֽעֲפַר-אָרֶץ כְּטִיט-חוּצוֹת אֲדִקֵּם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃
43
Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.
Cross References

Micah 7:10

וְתֵרֶא אֹיַבְתִּי וּתְכַסֶּהָ בוּשָׁה הָאֹמְרָה אֵלַי אַיּוֹ יְהוָה אֱלֹהָיִךְ עֵינַי תִּרְאֶינָּה בָּהּ עַתָּה תִּֽהְיֶה לְמִרְמָס כְּטִיט חוּצֽוֹת׃
10
Then she that is mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.

Isaiah 10:6

בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל-עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז ‫(ולשימו)‬ וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצֽוֹת׃
6
I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

2 Kings 13:7

כִּי לֹא הִשְׁאִיר לִיהֽוֹאָחָז עָם כִּי אִם-חֲמִשִּׁים פָּֽרָשִׁים וַֽעֲשָׂרָה רֶכֶב וַֽעֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים רַגְלִי כִּי אִבְּדָם מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַיְשִׂמֵם כֶּֽעָפָר לָדֻֽשׁ׃
7
Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing.

Zechariah 10:5

וְהָיוּ כְגִבֹּרִים בּוֹסִים בְּטִיט חוּצוֹת בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְנִלְחֲמוּ כִּי יְהוָה עִמָּם וְהֹבִישׁוּ רֹכְבֵי סוּסִֽים׃
5
And they shall be as mighty men, which tread down their enemies in the mire of the streets in the battle: and they shall fight, because the LORD is with them, and the riders on horses shall be confounded.

Psalms 18:42

וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵם כְּעָפָר עַל-פְּנֵי-רוּחַ כְּטִיט חוּצוֹת אֲרִיקֵֽם׃
42
Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt in the streets.

Deuteronomy 32:26

אָמַרְתִּי אַפְאֵיהֶם אַשְׁבִּיתָה מֵֽאֱנוֹשׁ זִכְרָֽם׃
26
I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men:

Psalms 35:5

יִֽהְיוּ כְּמֹץ לִפְנֵי-רוּחַ וּמַלְאַךְ יְהוָה דּוֹחֶֽה׃
5
Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the LORD chase them.

Luke 21:24

καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν ἄχρι πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν
24
And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.

Malachi 4:1

כִּֽי-הִנֵּה הַיּוֹם בָּא בֹּעֵר כַּתַּנּוּר וְהָיוּ כָל-זֵדִים וְכָל-עֹשֵׂה רִשְׁעָה קַשׁ וְלִהַט אֹתָם הַיּוֹם הַבָּא אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יַעֲזֹב לָהֶם שֹׁרֶשׁ וְעָנָֽף׃
1
For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.

Zechariah 2:6

הוֹי הוֹי וְנֻסוּ מֵאֶרֶץ צָפוֹן נְאֻם-יְהוָה כִּי כְּאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם פֵּרַשְׂתִּי אֶתְכֶם נְאֻם-יְהוָֽה׃
6
Ho, ho, come forth, and flee from the land of the north, saith the LORD: for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the heaven, saith the LORD.

Isaiah 26:15

יָסַפְתָּ לַגּוֹי יְהוָה יָסַפְתָּ לַגּוֹי נִכְבָּדְתָּ רִחַקְתָּ כָּל-קַצְוֵי-אָֽרֶץ׃
15
Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removed it far unto all the ends of the earth.

Daniel 2:35

בֵּאדַיִן דָּקוּ כַחֲדָה פַּרְזְלָא חַסְפָּא נְחָשָׁא כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא וַהֲווֹ כְּעוּר מִן-אִדְּרֵי-קַיִט וּנְשָׂא הִמּוֹן רוּחָא וְכָל-אֲתַר לָא-הִשְׁתֲּכַח לְהוֹן וְאַבְנָא׀ דִּֽי-מְחָת לְצַלְמָא הֲוָת לְטוּר רַב וּמְלָאת כָּל-אַרְעָֽא׃
35
Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried away, them that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.
2 Samuel 22:42
Read 2 Samuel 22
2 Samuel 22:44