Daniel 4:15

בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶֽאֱסוּר֙ דִּֽי פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א וּבְטַ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ יִצְטַבַּ֔ע וְעִם חֵיוְתָ֥א חֲלָקֵ֖הּ בַּעֲשַׂ֥ב אַרְעָֽא
Nevertheless leave the stump of his roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let his portion be with the beasts in the grass of the earth:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

בְּרַ֨ם
בְּרַ֨ם
Conjunction yet, but, nevertheless
Dictionary form: בְּרַם · beh-RAHM

Conjunction

In the KJV here: nevertheless
but ×2 it yet ×1 nevertheless ×1 yet ×1
More options
however — Neutral, versatile adversative; suits most contexts well.
but — Modernized KJV form; direct and concise contrast marker.
nevertheless — Emphasizes persistence despite prior condition; slightly formal.
yet — Concise; good for short, punchy contrasts or resumptions.
still — Highlights continuity against expectation; conversational register.
even so — Concessive nuance; stresses surprise or concession in context.

BDB9390 H1297

BDB9389 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9391

בְּרַם adverb with adversative force, only, nevertheless (derivation uncertain: NöM 202 = מָא + בָּר, literally except what: ᵑ7 בְּרַם often for אַח, אוּלָם; Syriac Exod 9:16; Exod 21:21, and in NT for πλήν; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic , ); — Dan 2:28; Dan 4:12 hew down the tree etc., בְּרַם ֗֗֗ שְׁבֻקוּ only leave the stump, etc., v.Dan 4:20; Dan 5:17; Ezra 5:13.

yet, but, nevertheless
bĕram
properly, highly, i.e., surely; but used adversatively, however
  • only, nevertheless, but

עִקַּ֤ר
עִקַּ֤ר
Root word stump
Dictionary form: עִקַּר · ik-KAHR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the stump
the stump ×3
More options
stump — Most natural modern term for a cut tree base.
tree stump — More explicit; useful when context lacks clarity.
root — Emphasizes what remains below ground.
base — Neutral; suits non-arboreal or figurative contexts.

BDB9793 H6136 H6132

BDB9792 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9794

עִקַּר ( < רָ֯ K§ 59 c)) noun [masculine] root, stock (√ עקר, see Biblical Hebrew, and, on meaning of √, SchwZMG lii (1898), 140); — construct שָׁרְשׁ֫וֺהִי ׳ע Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23.

stump
ʿiqqar
a stock
  • root, stock

שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹ הִי֙
שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹ
Root word roots
הִי֙
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: שֹׁרֶשׁ · shoh-RESH

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of his roots
of his roots ×1 of the roots ×1 roots ×1
More options
root — Most versatile; fits literal and figurative contexts.
rootstock — Emphasizes the plant's base; prefer in botanical passages.
source — Good for metaphorical or abstract uses of origin.
foundation — Stresses stability and grounding; suits wisdom literature.
origin — Highlights ancestry or starting point in genealogical contexts.

BDB9987 H8328 H8330

BDB9986 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9988

[שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ] noun masculineDan 4:12 root (see Biblical Hebrew); — plural suffix שָׁרְשׁוֺ֫הִי of tree Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23.

roots
šōreš
a root (literally or figuratively)
  • root

בְּ אַרְעָ ֣א
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
אַרְעָ
Root word earth, inferior
֣א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֲרַע · uh-RA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: in the earth
the earth ×7 of the earth ×5 earth ×2 and earth ×1 and in earth ×1 from the earth ×1 in the earth ×1 inferior ×1
More options
earth — Most natural default; fits cosmological and physical contexts.
ground — Prefer when surface or soil is emphasized.
land — Good for territorial or regional nuance.
world — Use when scope is broad or universal.
lower — For the 'inferior/lesser' sense in comparisons.
earthly — Adjectival use; contrasts heavenly with mundane.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

BDB9349 H772 H778

BDB9348 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9350

[אֲרַק] noun [feminine] earth (= [אֲרַע]; ארקא Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. B 15 + often (sometimes also ארעא, as ib.16), Nineveh and Babylonian Aramaic Cooke192, also Mandean NöM§ 66, Zinjirli, Lzb227 Cooke166 (compare 183); עק֑, as Zinjirli מוצאמ֑וקא, רצהר֑קי, Cooke166, 185; compare K§ 7, 2 and anm. i and references, Cooke185 NöZMG xivii (1893), 100; M § 66 GunkSchöpf. 18 LzbEph. I. 223 SACJQ, 1903-4, 273); — emphatic אַרְקָא Jer 10:11a.

earth, inferior
ʾăraʿ
the earth; by implication (figuratively) low
  • earth, world, ground

שְׁבֻ֔קוּ
שְׁבֻ֔קוּ
Root word leave, left, alone
Dictionary form: שְׁבַק · sheh-BAHK

Verb — Peal, Imperative, second person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: leave
leave ×2 alone ×1 be left ×1 to leave ×1
More options
leave — Most direct modern equivalent; broadly applicable.
abandon — Stronger connotation of forsaking or deserting.
let go — Emphasizes releasing or relinquishing control.
leave behind — Highlights something remaining after departure.
let alone — Use when the sense is to leave undisturbed.

BDB9930 H7662 H7733

BDB9929 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9931

[שְׁבַק] verb leave, let alone (ᵑ7 שְׁבַק, Syriac ; compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 990); —

Pe`al Infinitive לְמִשְׁבַּק Dan 4:23 leave roots, so Imperative masculine plural שְׁבֻ֫קוּ v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20 (both with ב location); Ezra 6:7 let alone, with ל accusative of thing. Hithpe`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּשְׁתְּבִק Dan 2:44 be left (of kingdom, + ל of a people).

leave, left, alone
šĕbaq
to quit, i.e., allow to remain
  • to leave, let alone
    • (P'al) to leave, let alone
      • "(Ithpael) to be left

וּ בֶֽ אֱסוּר֙
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
בֶֽ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
אֱסוּר֙
Root word band, imprisonment
Dictionary form: אֱסוּר · eh-SOOR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: even with a band
even with a band ×2 or to imprisonment ×1
More options
bond — Most versatile; suits both physical restraint and obligation.
chain — Concrete image; prefer for physical binding scenes.
imprisonment — Emphasizes the state of captivity over the object.
shackle — Vivid and specific; good for poetic or dramatic contexts.
restraint — Broader and more abstract; suits legal or figurative uses.

BDB9328 H613

BDB9327 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9329

אֱסוּר noun [masculine] band, bond (ᵑ7 אֲסוּר, אֵיסוּר, Syriac , ); — absolute ׳א Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20 (of iron and bronze, for stump, in Nebuchadnezzar's vision); plural absolute אֱסוּרִין Ezra 7:26 bonds = imprisonment.

band, imprisonment
ʾĕsûr
a bond (especially manacles of a prisoner)
  • band, bond, imprisonment

דִּֽי
דִּֽי
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: of
that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
dî
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
    • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

פַרְזֶ֣ל
פַרְזֶ֣ל
Root word iron
Dictionary form: פַּרְזֶל · pahr-DZEL

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: iron
iron ×11 of iron ×3 the iron ×3 as iron ×1 was the iron ×1 were of iron ×1
More options
iron — Default rendering; fits nearly every context.
iron implement — Use when the referent is a tool or weapon.
iron shackles — Idiomatic for restraint or oppression contexts.
wrought iron — Emphasizes worked or forged metal in craft contexts.
iron-hard — Adjectival use when conveying unyielding strength.

BDB9818 H6523 H1270

BDB9817 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9819

פַּרְזֶל19 noun masculineDan 2:40 iron (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew בַּרְזֶל); — absolute Dan 2:33 (זֶ֑ל-), Dan 4:12 +; emphatic פַּרְזְלָא Dan 2:34 +; — Dan 2:33; Dan 2:34 + 11 t. 2; Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19.

iron
parzel
iron
  • iron

וּ נְחָ֔שׁ
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
נְחָ֔שׁ
Root word brass
Dictionary form: נְחָשׁ · neh-HOHSH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and brass
of brass ×3 and brass ×2 brass ×2 the brass ×2
More options
bronze — Most accurate modern term for ancient copper-tin alloy.
copper — Prefer when context suggests unalloyed or raw metal.
brass — Modernized KJV standard; familiar but technically imprecise.
metal — Use when alloy composition is uncertain or unimportant.

BDB9703 H5174 H5154 H5178

BDB9702 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9704

נְחָשׁ noun masculine copper, bronze (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew נְחשֶׁת, נְחוּשָׁה, √ III. נחשׁ); — as material: absolute ׳נ Dan 2:32; Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 7:19 emphatic נְחָשָׁא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39; Dan 2:45; Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23.

brass
nĕḥoš
copper
  • copper, bronze

בְּ דִתְאָ ֖א
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
דִתְאָ
Root word grass
֖א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: דֶּתֶא · deh-TEH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: in the tender grass
in the tender grass ×2
More options
grass — Broadest, most natural everyday rendering.
vegetation — Slightly more formal; suits botanical or descriptive contexts.
green growth — Captures the fresh, living quality of young plants.
new growth — Emphasizes the tender, sprouting stage of the plant.
herbage — Semi-technical; useful in nature or agricultural passages.

BDB9461 H1883 H1877

BDB9460 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9462

[דֶּ֫תֶא] noun [masculine] grass (so ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew דֶּשֶׁא); — emphatic דִּתְאָא Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20.

grass
deteʾ
a sprout; by analogy, grass
  • grass

דִּ֣י
דִּ֣י
Particle that, of, which, whom, whose, …
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle

In the KJV here: of
that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
dî
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
    • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

בָרָ ֑א
בָרָ
Root word field
֑א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: בַּר · bahr

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the field
of the field ×6 the field ×2
More options
open country — Broad, natural rendering; suits wide, uncultivated land.
field — Modernized KJV form; clear and widely understood.
plain — Emphasizes flat, open terrain; good for geographical contexts.
countryside — Slightly softer register; suits narrative or poetic passages.
wilderness — Use when land is uninhabited or untamed in context.

BDB9392 H1251

BDB9391 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9393

בַּר noun [masculine] open field; — emphatic בָּרָא, in ׳חֵיוַת ב (= Biblical Hebrew חַיִּת הַשָּׂדֶה), Dan 2:38; Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29 ׳דִּתְאָא דִּי ב v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20.

field
bar
a field
  • field

וּ בְ טַ֤ל
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
בְ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
טַ֤ל
Root word dew
Dictionary form: טַל · tahl

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: with the dew
with the dew ×4 thee with the dew ×1
More options
dew — Direct, natural equivalent; works in nearly all contexts.
morning dew — Specifies timing; vivid for poetic or metaphorical passages.
dewdrops — Plural nuance; emphasizes individual droplets, more lyrical.
mist — Broader atmospheric sense; use when dew shades into vapor.
night moisture — Descriptive paraphrase; clarifies source for unfamiliar audiences.

BDB9559 H2919 H2920

BDB9558 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9560

טַל noun [masculine] dew (see Biblical Hebrew I. טלל); — construct טַל שְׁמַיָא Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:31.

dew
ṭal
dew (as covering vegetation)
  • dew

שְׁמַיָּ א֙
שְׁמַיָּ
Root word heaven, heavens
א֙
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: שָׁמַיִן · shaw-ma-YIN

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: of heaven
of heaven ×21 heaven ×4 of the heaven ×4 unto heaven ×3 in heaven ×2 the heavens ×2 heavens ×1 unto the heaven ×1
More options
sky — Natural, everyday register; best for physical atmosphere.
heavens — Slightly elevated; suits poetic or cosmic contexts.
heaven — Theological/religious register; dwelling place of God.
skies — Vivid, plural imagery; good for weather or creation poetry.
celestial realm — Formal or liturgical; emphasizes divine domain.
upper realm — Neutral periphrasis when ambiguity between sky and heaven matters.

BDB9965 H8064 H8065

BDB9964 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9966

[שְׁמַ֫יִן] noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew [שָׁמַי], שָׁמַיִם, √ שׁמה); — always emphatic שְׁמַיָּא:

1. visible sky Jer 10:11; Dan 4:8; Dan 4:10; Dan 4:17; Dan 4:19; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:27; Dan 4:28 ׳עוֺף שׁ Dan 2:38 ׳צִפֲּרֵי שׁ Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 ׳טַל שׁ v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20 v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21 ׳רוּחֵי שׁ Dan 7:2 winds of the sky; ׳עֲנָנֵי שׁ vDan 7:13 heavens + earth = universe Jer 10:11, where God shews signs Dan 6:28.
2.heavens as abode of God Dan 2:28; Dan 4:31, hence, figurative, as ruling v.Dan 4:23 (׳שׁ sometimes = God in Late Hebrew, J, Aramaic, DWorte Jesu 179; Eng.Tr.218 f.); as abode of angels v.Dan 4:32 (Dr); elsewhere in phrase ׳אֱלָהּ שׁ Dan 2:18; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:44; Ezra 5:11; Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21; Ezra 7:23 (twice in verse), ׳מֶלֶךְ שׁ Dan 4:34, ׳מָרֵא שׁ Dan 5:23.

heaven, heavens
šāmayin
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
  • heaven, heavens, sky
    • visible sky
      • "Heaven (as abode of God)

יִצְטַבַּ֔ע
יִצְטַבַּ֔ע
Root word wet
Dictionary form: צְבַע · tseh-BA

Verb — Hithpaal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular passive / reflexive of the intensive stem (Aramaic) not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and let it be wet
and let it be wet ×2 was wet ×2 and they shall wet ×1
More options
soak — Implies thorough saturation; most natural modern choice.
drench — Emphasizes complete, heavy wetting; vivid and forceful.
wet — Simple and direct; avoid KJV phrasing when constructing sentences.
saturate — Formal/scientific register; good for thorough immersion contexts.
moisten — Softer nuance; prefer when wetting is partial or gentle.

BDB9834 H6647 H6648

BDB9833 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9835

I. [צְבַע] verb dip, wet (ᵑ7 Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew I. צבע); —

Pa`el Participle active plural מְצַבְּעִין Dan 4:22 wet thee (ל), + מִטַּל. Hithpa. Imperfect יִצְטַבּע (also בַּ֑ע-), be wet, with בְּטַל Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20, מִטַּל v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21.

wet
ṣĕbaʿ
to dip
  • to dip, wet (something)
    • (Pael) to wet
      • "(Ithpael) to be wet

וְ עִם
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
עִם
Preposition with, from, to, toward, unto, …
Dictionary form: עִם · im

Preposition

In the KJV here: be with
with ×7 be with ×2 is from ×2 to ×2 and with them ×1 by ×1 like ×1 shall be with ×1
More options
with — Default choice for accompaniment or association.
alongside — Emphasizes proximity or close companionship.
together with — Stresses joint participation or shared action.
toward — Use when indicating direction or relational orientation.
like — Use for comparative or resemblance contexts.
from — Use when denoting source or separation from a party.

BDB9777 H5973 H5974

BDB9776 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9778

עִם22 preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם: so ᵑ7 Syriac () and general Aramaic); — suffix עִמִּי Dan 3:32, עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13, עִמֵהּ Dan 2:22, עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2 —

1. a. together with, Dan 2:18; Dan 2:43; Dan 7:13 עִםעֲֿנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא, Ezra 5:2 +; whose dwelling, portion, etc., is with Dan 2:11; Dan 2:22; Dan 4:12; Dan 5:21.
  b. to speak with Dan 6:22, to make war with Dan 7:21 to do with ( = towards) Dan 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי (compare Ps 86:17), compare Ezra 6:8 שַׁוִּי עִם to make like to Dan 6:21.
2. of time, Dan 3:33 = Dan 4:31 עִםדָּֿר וְדָר (co-exists) with all generations (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 g); Dan 7:2 עִםלֵֿילְיָא during the night.

with, from, to, toward, unto, …
ʿim
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)
  • with
    • together with, with
      • "with, during

חֵיוְתָ ֥א
חֵיוְתָ
Root word beasts, beast
֥א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: חֵיוָא · hayoo-AW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the beasts
the beasts ×8 beast ×4 beasts ×2 the beast ×2 and let a beasts ×1 let the beasts ×1 of the beasts ×1 which the beasts ×1
More options
animal — Neutral, everyday term; broadly applicable across contexts.
wild animal — Emphasizes untamed nature; good for wilderness or threat contexts.
creature — Slightly elevated register; suits apocalyptic or visionary passages.
beast — Modernized KJV form; retains traditional flavor for literary contexts.
wildlife — Collective sense; best when referring to animals as a group.

BDB9523 H2416 H2423

BDB9522 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9524

חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine beast (Biblical Hebrew II. חַיָה); — absolute אָ֯ Dan 4:13, הָ֯ Dan 7:5. Dan 7:7 emphatic חֵיוְתָא Dan 7:6. Dan 7:11. Dan 7:19; Dan 7:23, and (collective) Dan 4:11; Dan 4:12; Dan 5:21 construct (collective) חֵיוַת בָּרָא Dan 2:38; Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29 plural absolute חֵיוָן Dan 7:3, emphatic חֵיוָתָא Dan 7:7; Dan 7:12. Dan 7:17.

beasts, beast
ḥêwāʾ
an animal
  • beast, animal

חֲלָקֵ ֖הּ
חֲלָקֵ
Root word portion
֖הּ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: חֲלָק · huh-LAWK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and let his portion
and let his portion ×2 portion ×1
More options
share — Everyday word; good for communal or divided allocations.
portion — Modernized KJV; natural in most contexts.
allotment — Implies formal or official distribution of resources.
lot — Concise; suits fate or destiny contexts.
part — Most general; use when specificity is not needed.

BDB9529 H2508 H2505

BDB9528 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9530

חֲלָק noun [masculine] portion, possession, lot (see Biblical Hebrew); — absolute ׳ח possession in land Ezra 4:16 suffix חֲלְקֵהּ Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20, i.e. his appointed lot.

portion
ḥălāq
a part
  • portion, possession, lot

בַּ עֲשַׂ֥ב
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
עֲשַׂ֥ב
Root word moth, grass
Dictionary form: עָשׁ · ohsh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: in the grass
grass ×3 the moth ×3 as a moth ×2 him with grass ×1 in the grass ×1 like a moth ×1 that is moth ×1
More options
moth — Most common sense; a destructive insect eating fabric.
moth-worm — Emphasizes the larval, consuming stage of the moth.
clothes moth — Precise modern term; clarifies the species implied in context.
vegetation — Use when the rarer 'grass/herbage' sense is in view.
grass — Retain when poetic imagery of fading greenery is intended.
herbage — Slightly formal; suits lush or abundant plant growth contexts.

BDB6048 H5906 H6211

BDB6047 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6049

עַ֫יִשׁ noun feminine a constellation, perhaps Great Bear (compare especially Di) (point perh, עִיֻּשׁ (see Bu and references), compare Syriac PS2866, Brock., name of a star); — עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ ׳וְע Job 38:22 = עָשׁ Job 9:9 (both + כִּימָה, כְּסִיל etc.).

עַיָּת proper name, of a location see ׳עַ

BDB6466 H6211

BDB6465 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6467

II. עָשׁ noun masculineIsa 50:9 moth (as waster, consumer); — ׳ע absolute, Hos 5:12 (|| רָקָכ), Isa 50:9; Isa 51:8 in simile Ps 39:12 כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֺ עָשׁ Job 13:28 symbol of fragility Job 4:19. — Job 27:10 read probably עַכָּבִישׁ q. v.

moth, grass
ʿoš
a moth
  • moth
    • "herbage, grass

אַרְעָֽ א
אַרְעָֽ
Root word earth, inferior
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֲרַע · uh-RA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: of the earth
the earth ×7 of the earth ×5 earth ×2 and earth ×1 and in earth ×1 from the earth ×1 in the earth ×1 inferior ×1
More options
earth — Most natural default; fits cosmological and physical contexts.
ground — Prefer when surface or soil is emphasized.
land — Good for territorial or regional nuance.
world — Use when scope is broad or universal.
lower — For the 'inferior/lesser' sense in comparisons.
earthly — Adjectival use; contrasts heavenly with mundane.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

BDB9349 H772 H778

BDB9348 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9350

[אֲרַק] noun [feminine] earth (= [אֲרַע]; ארקא Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. B 15 + often (sometimes also ארעא, as ib.16), Nineveh and Babylonian Aramaic Cooke192, also Mandean NöM§ 66, Zinjirli, Lzb227 Cooke166 (compare 183); עק֑, as Zinjirli מוצאמ֑וקא, רצהר֑קי, Cooke166, 185; compare K§ 7, 2 and anm. i and references, Cooke185 NöZMG xivii (1893), 100; M § 66 GunkSchöpf. 18 LzbEph. I. 223 SACJQ, 1903-4, 273); — emphatic אַרְקָא Jer 10:11a.

earth, inferior
ʾăraʿ
the earth; by implication (figuratively) low
  • earth, world, ground

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ Pashta — a lesser break בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּבֶֽאֱסוּר֙ Pashta — a lesser break דִּֽי פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break בְּדִתְאָ֖א Tipeha — a lesser break דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וּבְטַ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ Pashta — a lesser break יִצְטַבַּ֔ע Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְעִם חֵיוְתָ֥א חֲלָקֵ֖הּ Tipeha — a lesser break בַּעֲשַׂ֥ב אַרְעָֽא Silluq — end of the verse

בְּרַם עִקַּר שָׁרְשׁוֹהִי בְּאַרְעָא שְׁבֻקוּ וּבֶֽאֱסוּר דִּֽי-פַרְזֶל וּנְחָשׁ בְּדִתְאָא דִּי בָרָא וּבְטַל שְׁמַיָּא יִצְטַבַּע וְעִם-חֵיוְתָא חֲלָקֵהּ בַּעֲשַׂב אַרְעָֽא׃
15
Nevertheless leave the stump of his roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let his portion be with the beasts in the grass of the earth:
Cross References

Job 14:7

כִּי יֵשׁ לָעֵץ תִּקְוָה אִֽם-יִכָּרֵת וְעוֹד יַחֲלִיף וְיֹֽנַקְתּוֹ לֹא תֶחְדָּֽל׃
7
For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not cease.

Daniel 4:25

וְלָךְ טָֽרְדִין מִן-אֲנָשָׁא וְעִם-חֵיוַת בָּרָא לֶהֱוֵה מְדֹרָךְ וְעִשְׂבָּא כְתוֹרִין׀ לָךְ יְטַֽעֲמוּן וּמִטַּל שְׁמַיָּא לָךְ מְצַבְּעִין וְשִׁבְעָה עִדָּנִין יַחְלְפוּן עֲלָיךְ עַד דִּֽי-תִנְדַּע דִּֽי-שַׁלִּיט עִלָּיָא בְּמַלְכוּת אֲנָשָׁא וּלְמַן-דִּי יִצְבֵּא יִתְּנִנַּֽהּ׃
25
That they shall drive thee from men, and thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field, and they shall make thee to eat grass as oxen, and they shall wet thee with the dew of heaven, and seven times shall pass over thee, till thou know that the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will.

Ezekiel 29:14

וְשַׁבְתִּי אֶת-שְׁבוּת מִצְרַיִם וַהֲשִׁבֹתִי אֹתָם אֶרֶץ פַּתְרוֹס עַל-אֶרֶץ מְכֽוּרָתָם וְהָיוּ שָׁם מַמְלָכָה שְׁפָלָֽה׃
14
And I will bring again the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their habitation; and they shall be there a base kingdom.
Daniel 4:14
Read Daniel 4
Daniel 4:16