Daniel 5:28

פְּרֵ֑ס פְּרִיסַת֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ךְ וִיהִיבַ֖ת לְמָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס
PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

פְּרֵ֑ס
פְּרֵ֑ס
Root word divided, peres, upharsin
Dictionary form: פְּרַס · peh-RAHS

Noun — absolute state

In the KJV here: peres
is divided ×1 peres ×1 upharsin ×1
More options
divide — Core verbal meaning; best for narrative or legal contexts.
split — More vivid; suits dramatic or poetic passages.
broken in two — Emphasizes resulting state; good for apocalyptic imagery.
fractured — Formal register; suits prophetic or judicial pronouncements.
peres — Retain as loanword when the enigmatic term itself is the focus.

BDB9673 H4484 H4487 H6537 H8625

BDB9672 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9674

מְנֵא noun [masculine] maneh, mina, a weight (see Biblical Hebrew; Old Aramaic מנה SAC75 Lzb313); — absolute Dan 5:25 (twice in verse); Dan 5:26, see ClGann:JAs Juillet-Août, 1886, 36 ff. NöZA i. 414 f. Dr and others; its connection in Daniel with מְנָה is due to word-play; see also פְּרֵס, תְּקֵל.

BDB9819 H6536 H6537

BDB9818 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9820

[פְּרַס] verb break in two (see Biblical Hebrew פרס); —

Peîl (WCG224) Perfect 3 feminine singular פְּרִיסַת מַלְכוּתָח Dan 5:28.

BDB9820 H6537 H4484

BDB9819 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9821

פְּרֵס (read פְּרָס ? M78 * f.) probably noun [masculine] half-mina (Late Hebrew פְּרָס, Old Aramaic פרס, פרש Lzb354 SAC99 Cooke176, 406; see מְנֵא and references); — absolute ׳פ Dan 5:28 plural (וּ)פַרְסִין [read פְּרָסִין ? see Ml.c.] vDan 5:25.

divided, peres, upharsin
pĕras
to split up
  • (v) (P'al) to break in two, divide
    • "(n m) half-mina, half-shekel
    • a unit of measure and weight

פְּרִיסַת֙
פְּרִיסַת֙
Root word divided, peres, upharsin
Dictionary form: פְּרַס · peh-RAHS

Verb — Peil, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple passive (Aramaic) — "it was done" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: is divided
is divided ×1 peres ×1 upharsin ×1
More options
divide — Core verbal meaning; best for narrative or legal contexts.
split — More vivid; suits dramatic or poetic passages.
broken in two — Emphasizes resulting state; good for apocalyptic imagery.
fractured — Formal register; suits prophetic or judicial pronouncements.
peres — Retain as loanword when the enigmatic term itself is the focus.

BDB9673 H4484 H4487 H6537 H8625

BDB9672 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9674

מְנֵא noun [masculine] maneh, mina, a weight (see Biblical Hebrew; Old Aramaic מנה SAC75 Lzb313); — absolute Dan 5:25 (twice in verse); Dan 5:26, see ClGann:JAs Juillet-Août, 1886, 36 ff. NöZA i. 414 f. Dr and others; its connection in Daniel with מְנָה is due to word-play; see also פְּרֵס, תְּקֵל.

BDB9819 H6536 H6537

BDB9818 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9820

[פְּרַס] verb break in two (see Biblical Hebrew פרס); —

Peîl (WCG224) Perfect 3 feminine singular פְּרִיסַת מַלְכוּתָח Dan 5:28.

BDB9820 H6537 H4484

BDB9819 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9821

פְּרֵס (read פְּרָס ? M78 * f.) probably noun [masculine] half-mina (Late Hebrew פְּרָס, Old Aramaic פרס, פרש Lzb354 SAC99 Cooke176, 406; see מְנֵא and references); — absolute ׳פ Dan 5:28 plural (וּ)פַרְסִין [read פְּרָסִין ? see Ml.c.] vDan 5:25.

divided, peres, upharsin
pĕras
to split up
  • (v) (P'al) to break in two, divide
    • "(n m) half-mina, half-shekel
    • a unit of measure and weight

מַלְכוּתָ ֔ךְ
מַלְכוּתָ
Root word kingdom, reign, realm, kingdoms, kingly
֔ךְ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: מַלְכוּ · mahl-KOO

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thy kingdom
the kingdom ×10 in the kingdom ×7 kingdom ×7 and his kingdom ×3 of the kingdom ×3 thy kingdom ×3 a kingdom ×2 and the kingdom ×2
More options
kingdom — Most common rendering; use for territorial/political sense.
reign — Emphasizes the act or period of ruling.
realm — Highlights the domain or sphere of a ruler's authority.
sovereignty — Abstract sense; stresses supreme power or dominion.
royal power — Emphasizes the kingly authority itself, not territory.
rule — Concise; suits contexts focused on governing activity.

BDB9664 H4437

BDB9663 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9665

מַלְכוּ noun feminine royalty, reign, kingdom; — absolute ׳מ Dan 2:39 +; construct מַלְכוּת Ezra 4:24 +; emphatic תָא- Dan 2:37 +, תָה- Dan 2:44 suffix תִי- Dan 4:15 +, הֵתּ- Dan 3:33 +, תָךְ- Dan 4:23 +; plural construct מַלְכְוָת Dan 7:27 emphatic וָתָא- Dan 2:44; Dan 7:23 —

1. royalty, kingship, kingly authority: Dan 4:23; Dan 4:28; Dan 4:33 ׳הֵיכַל מ v.Dan 4:26, ׳בֵּית מ v.Dan 4:27, כָּרְסֵא Dan 5:20.
2. organized (world-) kingdom: Dan 2:39 (twice in verse); Dan 2:40; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42; Dan 2:44; Dan 7:23 (twice in verse); Dan 7:24; Dan 7:27 אֲנָשָׁא ׳מ Dan 4:14; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 of specific kings Dan 2:37; Dan 5:18; Dan 5:28; Dan 6:1 of God Dan 3:33; Dan 7:27 (both עָלַם ׳מ), Dan 2:44 (twice in verse); Dan 3:33; Dan 4:31; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:27 of Messiah Dan 7:14 (twice in verse); of saints Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:22; Dan 7:27.
3. realm (territorial) Dan 4:15; Dan 4:33b; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:11; Dan 5:16; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:2 (twice in verse); Dan 6:4; Dan 6:8; Dan 6:27; Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:23 metonymy Ezra 6:5 = administration of realm.
4. reign, time of reigning Dan 5:26; Dan 6:29 (twice in verse); Ezra 4:24; Ezra 6:15.

kingdom, reign, realm, kingdoms, kingly
malkû
dominion (abstractly or concretely)
  • royalty, reign, kingdom
    • royalty, kingship, kingly authority
      • "kingdom"realm (of territory)"reign (of time)

וִ יהִיבַ֖ת
וִ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יהִיבַ֖ת
Root word given, gave, give, giveth, laid, …
Dictionary form: יְהַב · yeh-HAHB

Verb — Peil, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple passive (Aramaic) — "it was done" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: and given
and given ×2 be given ×2 given ×2 was given to it ×2 and gave a great ×1 and laid ×1 and there was given ×1 and they shall be given ×1
More options
give — Most versatile; covers commands, narration, and general sense.
grant — Prefer when a superior bestows something formally or officially.
hand over — Emphasizes physical transfer or delivery to a recipient.
pay — Best when the context involves tribute, wages, or settlement.
extend — Use for abstract giving such as prolonging time or life.
yield — Suits contexts of surrendering, producing, or conceding something.

BDB9573 H3051 H3052

BDB9572 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9574

יְהַב verb give (ᵑ7 Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳י Ezra 5:12 +; 2 masculine singular יְהַבְתְּ Dan 2:23 3 masculine plural וִיהַ֫בוּ Dan 3:28 Imperative masculine singular הַב (K§ 11. 3. a)) Dan 5:17 Participle active יָהֵב Dan 2:21, plural יָָֽהֲבִין Dan 6:3 —
1. give, accusative of thing + ל person Dan 2:48; Dan 5:17, also (subject God) Dan 2:21; Dan 2:23; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:38; Dan 5:18; Dan 5:19 give report Dan 6:3 (ל person); give over, accusative of person + בְּיַד (יַד
2.) Ezra 5:12 (subject God); give up, surrender Dan 3:28 (one's body, accusative).
2. place, lay foundations Ezra 5:16 (Nabataean also place Cooke102, 1. 6 SACJQ 1904, 274; see
2. SchulthLex; and ZAW xxii (1902), 162; compare DWB 171). Pe`il (WCG 224), be given, subject thing, with ל person: 3 masculine singular יְהִיב Ezra 7:4; Ezra 7:6, יְהִב vEzra 7:14 vEzra 7:22, 3 feminine singular יְהִיבַת Ezra 5:28; Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:27 3 masculine plural וִיהִ֫יבוּ Ezra 5:14 be given up (ל of flame) Dan 7:11. Hithpe`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְיְהֵב Dan 4:13, 3 feminine singular תִּתְיְה֑ב Ezra 6:4 3 masculine plural יִתְיַהֲבוּן Dan 7:25 Participle מִתְיְהֵב Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:9, feminine singular מִתְיִהֲבָא vEzra 6:8, plural בין- Ezra 7:19 —
1. be given, subject thing, ל person Dan 4:13; Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:19 be given over, subject person בִּידֵהּ (יַד
2.) Dan 7:25.
2. be paid, of cost Ezra 6:4 (מִן of source), vEzra 6:8 (ל person), toll Ezra 4:20 (ל person).

given, gave, give, giveth, laid, …
yĕhab
to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come
  • to give, provide
    • (P'al)
      • to give
        • "to place, lay (foundations)
      (Hithp'al)
      • to be given
        • "to be paid

לְ מָדַ֥י
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
מָדַ֥י
Root word a name — transliterate it ("To the medes")
Dictionary form: מָדַי · maw-DAI

Noun — Gentilic, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: to the medes
of the medes ×4 to the medes ×1
More options
Medes — Standard proper noun; use as ethnic/national group name.
Median — Adjectival form; suits contexts describing people or culture.
Media — Refers to the land/empire rather than the people.
Mede — Singular form; use for an individual member of the group.

BDB9650 H4076 H4077 H4074

BDB9649 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9651

מָדַי proper name, of a people or territory Medes, Media (Biblical Hebrew id.); —

1. of a people Dan 5:28; Dan 6:9; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:16.
2. territory Ezra 6:2.

medes
māday
middle land
Madai, a country of central Asia
  • (n pr m) an inhabitant of Media
    • "(n pr loc) the territory inhabited by the Medes
    • located northwest of Persia proper, south and southwest of the Caspian Sea, east of Armenia and Assyria, and west and northwest of the great salt desert of Iram

וּ פָרָֽס
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
פָרָֽס
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And persians")
Dictionary form: פָּרַס · paw-RAHS

Noun — Gentilic, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: and persians
and persians ×4 of persia ×2
More options
Persia — Standard modern name for the ancient empire.
Persian — Adjectival/nominal form; use for people or culture.
the Persian Empire — Clarifies political scope in narrative contexts.
Persians — Plural; refers to the people as a collective group.

BDB9821 H6540 H6539

BDB9820 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9822

פָּרַס proper name, of a territory and people Persia (as kingdom), Persians (see Biblical Hebrew id.); — ׳פ Dan 6:9; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:16 פָּרָ֑ס Dan 5:28; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 6:14.

persians, persia
pāras
pure, splendid
Paras (i.e., Persia), an Eastern country, including its inhabitants
  • the empire Persia; encompassed the territory from India on the east to Egypt and Thrace on the west, and included, besides portions of Europe and Africa, the whole of western Asia between the Black Sea, the Caucasus, the Caspian and the Jaxartes on the north, the Arabian desert, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean on the south
    • Persia proper was bounded on the west by Susiana or Elam, on the north by Media, on the south by the Persian Gulf and on the east by Carmania
    the people of the Persian empire

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
פְּרֵ֑ס Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here פְּרִיסַת֙ Pashta — a lesser break מַלְכוּתָ֔ךְ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וִיהִיבַ֖ת Tipeha — a lesser break לְמָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס Silluq — end of the verse

פְּרֵס פְּרִיסַת מַלְכוּתָךְ וִיהִיבַת לְמָדַי וּפָרָֽס׃
28
PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.
Cross References

Isaiah 13:17

הִנְנִי מֵעִיר עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת-מָדָי אֲשֶׁר-כֶּסֶף לֹא יַחְשֹׁבוּ וְזָהָב לֹא יַחְפְּצוּ-בֽוֹ׃
17
Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it.

Daniel 6:28

וְדָנִיֵּאל דְּנָה הַצְלַח בְּמַלְכוּת דָּרְיָוֶשׁ וּבְמַלְכוּת כּוֹרֶשׁ ‫(פרסיא)‬ פָּרְסָאָֽה׃
28
So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.

Isaiah 21:2

חָזוּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד-לִי הַבּוֹגֵד׀ בּוֹגֵד וְהַשּׁוֹדֵד׀ שׁוֹדֵד עֲלִי עֵילָם צוּרִי מָדַי כָּל-אַנְחָתָה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃
2
A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.

Daniel 5:31

וְדָרְיָוֶשׁ מָֽדָיָא קַבֵּל מַלְכוּתָא כְּבַר שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְתַרְתֵּֽין׃
31
And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.

Isaiah 45:1

כֹּה-אָמַר יְהוָה לִמְשִׁיחוֹ לְכוֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר-הֶחֱזַקְתִּי בִֽימִינוֹ לְרַד-לְפָנָיו גּוֹיִם וּמָתְנֵי מְלָכִים אֲפַתֵּחַ לִפְתֹּחַ לְפָנָיו דְּלָתַיִם וּשְׁעָרִים לֹא יִסָּגֵֽרוּ׃
1
Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;

Daniel 9:1

בִּשְׁנַת אַחַת לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ בֶּן-אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ מִזֶּרַע מָדָי אֲשֶׁר הָמְלַךְ עַל מַלְכוּת כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃
1
In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;

Daniel 8:20

הָאַיִל אֲשֶׁר-רָאִיתָ בַּעַל הַקְּרָנָיִם מַלְכֵי מָדַי וּפָרָֽס׃
20
The ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings of Media and Persia.

Daniel 8:3

וָאֶשָּׂא עֵינַי וָאֶרְאֶה וְהִנֵּה׀ אַיִל אֶחָד עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי הָאֻבָל וְלוֹ קְרָנָיִם וְהַקְּרָנַיִם גְּבֹהוֹת וְהָאַחַת גְּבֹהָה מִן-הַשֵּׁנִית וְהַגְּבֹהָה עֹלָה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃
3
Then I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the river a ram which had two horns: and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last.
Daniel 5:27
Read Daniel 5
Daniel 5:29