Daniel 9:10

וְ לֹ֣א

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

לֹ֣א

Particle not

Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: neither

not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86

More options

not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.

no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.

never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.

nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.

neither — Use when negating two elements together.

none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

BDB4266 H3808

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236} Walker^{AJSL 1896, 237 ff.}) — לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr^{MM 248}), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.^{p. 251}), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
(a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges^{«GKC:156»§ 156}. 3 R. b, c Dr^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr^{§ 115}, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109}. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
(b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
(c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָבר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
(d) standing alone:
(a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
(e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew^{§ 324 a} Ges^{«GKC:150»§ 150}. 1 Dr^{1Sam 11:12}): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
b. with adjectives and substantive:
(a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
(b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר

2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
(c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew^{§ 320 c} Dr^{§ 162}): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v^b בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew^{§ 286 g} Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v^b Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr^{§ 164}), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236 f}.

4. With prefixes: —
a. בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
(a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
(b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
(c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
(a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see De^{Ps 100. 3} Fr^{MM 247} Str^{Prol. Cr. 84}), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb³⁰¹ Cook^{G1. 67}); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K^{§ 67, 1} Dr^{§ 202, 2}.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, D^{Aramaic Dialektproben, p. 1}). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, neither, nor, none, …

lōʾ

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

not, no

not (with verb—absolute prohibition)

שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ

Root word heard, hear, hearken, hearkened, obey, …

Dictionary form: שָׁמַע · shaw-MA

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), first person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "we"

In the KJV here: have we obeyed

hear ×182 heard ×140 hearken ×67 hearkened ×35 and hear ×28 obey ×18 to hear ×18 i have heard ×17

More options

hear — Most natural default; covers auditory perception broadly.

listen — Implies attentiveness; prefer when active attention is stressed.

obey — Use when compliance or submission to a command is in view.

heed — Blends listening and obeying; good for warnings or instructions.

pay attention — Emphatic register; suits solemn or urgent calls to listen.

understand — Use when comprehension, not just audition, is the focus.

BDB8819 H8085

שָׁמַע₁₁₅₉ verb hear (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemû; Arabic ; Sabean סמע mostly in derivatives, especially epithet of divinity סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. No. 10, 1. 1}; Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַע, , Old Aramaic שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; compare also משמעת MI²⁸ obedience); —

Qal₁₀₅₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jer 36:13 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ 1Kgs 1:11 + 2 t.; 3 plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Judg 2:17 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Exod 6:30 +, 1 singular cohortative אֶשְׁמְעָה Num 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמְָעָה (on ְָ֯ compare Ges^{«GKC:10h»§ 10h}; Ol^{§ 65 c question} reading) Dan 8:13 2 masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Deut 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Deut 1:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָךְ Job 32:10 + (especially Psalms), שְׁמָ֨עָךְ֨ Dan 9:19 feminine plural שְׁמַעְנָה Isa 32:9; Jer 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Gen 4:23 (Ges^{«GKC:46f»§ 46f}), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺעַ Isa 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ 1Sam 15:22 +; suffix שָׁמְעו Deut 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֺ Isa 30:19 (Gen 18:10 + etc.; —

1. subject human person (or thing personified):
a. hear (perceive by ear), accusative of thing, especially קוֺל Gen 3:10 (J) + 46 t., דבר(יםׅ Amos 8:11 + 50 t., etc.; accusative חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings 1Kgs 5:14 + 4 t.; so any utterance or sound (approximately 150 t. in all) + (object omitted) Deut 4:33 + 32 t. + (temporal clause) 1Sam 14:27 + 6 t.; very rarely with ב, ׳בְּסוֺד י ׳שׁ Job 15:8 with object clause, ׳כִּ Exod 4:31 + 52 t. + Isa 39:1b (read ׳כִּי שׁ ᵐ5 ᵑ7 || 2Kgs 20:12), אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר Josh 2:10; Josh 5:1 (both R^D), מַהֹֿ֯ Judg 7:11 +3 t.; without connect. אֹתָהּ ׳שׁ עָשִׂיתִי 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 singular oratio recta [direct speech] Isa 40:28; Zech 8:23.
b. accusative of person + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Gen 27:6 (J), Jer 26:7; Dan 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Num 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Jer 20:1 מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Eccl 7:21 occas. pears. omitted, דֹּבְרִים Gen 37:17 (JE), אֶתמִֿדַּבֵּר Ezek 2:2; Ezek 43:6 (see דבר Hithpa`el); accusative of person only Dan 12:7.
c. with לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, 1Sam 13:4; 2Sam 19:3; Deut 13:13; Josh 22:11 (P), 1Kgs 16:16 + עַל person concerning Gen 41:15 (E), Isa 37:9 אֶל person id. 2Kgs 19:9.
d. hear of, concerning: (1) accusative of thing, אֵת(כָּלֿ)אֲשֶׁר Exod 18:1; 2Kgs 19:11 + 5 t., דבר(יםׅ 1Sam 3:11 + 4 t., רָעָה Jer 19:3 + 5 t., etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר 1Sam 23:11; Ps 48:9, כָּואֹת Isa 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּךְ Jer 18:13 accusative, etc., omitted Judg 9:46 + 43 t.; (2) less often accusative of person Job 42:5, אֶל person Ezek 19:4, person omitted Deut 9:2 with ב person hear exultantly of their fate Ps 92:12 (probably imitated from || הִכִּיט בְּ v^a; see especially ראךְ 8 a (6)).
e. hear, absolute, = have power to hear, 2Sam 19:36 (with בְּקוֺל ), Isa 21:3; Isa 32:3; Prov 20:12; Zech 7:11 in simile Ps 38:15 with negative of idols Deut 4:28; Ps 115:6 figurative (spiritual power) Jer 5:21; Deut 29:8; Ezek 12:2; Isa 42:20. — Prov 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy. feminine hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes || חֶאֱןין), חִקְשִׁיב accusative דבר(יםׅ (54 t.) Amos 4:1 +, especially ׳דבר(י) י Num 12:6 (JE) + 45 t.; אִמְרָה Isa 28:23, קוֺל vIsa 28:23, זאֹת Mic 3:9, etc.; often absolute Judg 5:3 + 57 t., + (negative) Ps 38:14 pay no attention; absolute לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ 1Kgs 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁטֵעַ Prov 21:28.
g. understand (language), שָׂפָחךְ Gen 11:7 (J), Isa 33:19, לָשׁוֺן Deut 28:49, דְּבָרִין Ezek 3:6, מַהיְּֿדַבֵּר Jer 5:15, no accusative Gen 42:23 (E), 2Kgs 18:26 = Isa 36:11.
h. specif of hearing a (judicial) casre, דָּבָר Deut 1:17, compare vDeut 1:17 accusative omitted בֵּין person vDeut 1:16, of ׳י Judg 11:10 with מִשְׁפָּט 1Kgs 3:11 הִטּוֺב וְהָרֵע ׳לשׁ 2Sam 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ 2Sam 15:3, compare Job 31:35.
i. with accusative of person in polite address, hear us (me)! Gen 23:6; Gen 23:8; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:13; Gen 23:15 (all P), 1Chr 28:2; 2Chr 13:4; 2Chr 15:2; 2Chr 20:20
j. listen, give heed (sometimes || הִקְשִׁיב), absolute, Gen 42:21 (E) + 18: t., + (usually || הִטָּה אֹ׃ון), Jer 7:13 + 14 t. Jeremiah, + (opposed to חָדַל) Ezek 2:5 + 3 t. Ezekiel; + שִׂים עַללֵֿב Mal 2:2 hear + do Deut 5:24; 2Kgs 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Gen 37:27 (J), grant request Judg 11:17 with ל person (mostly late) Judg 19:25; 1Sam 30:24; Job 15:17 + 16 t., ׳לי Hos 9:17; Lev 26:14; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:21; Lev 26:27 ׳לְדִבְרֵי י 1Sam 15:1, לְעֵצָה Prov 12:15.
k. with אֶל person + listen to, yield to Gen 49:2; Judg 2:17 + 69 t. (׳אֶליֿ 15 t., especially Jer 7:26 + 10 t. Jeremiah), עַל person 2Kgs 20:13 אֶלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., Deut 18:19; Jer 29:10 + 14 t., עַלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., 2Kgs 22:13 + 3 t.; very rarely accusative of thing 1Sam 24:10 (Gi v.1Sam 24:9).

1. לְקוֺל ׳שׁ = id., obey, Gen 3:17 (J) + 11 t. + (׳לְקוֺל י) Judg 2:20; Exod 15:26 (JE). masculine very often, בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ = obey 1Sam 8:7 + 25 t., + ׳שׁ ׳בְּקוֺל י (׳י's word, etc.) Deut 4:30; Jer 3:13 + 65 t. (Deut 18 t., Jer 18 t.). noun obey, with accusative דבר(יםׅ Josh 1:18 + 2 t. + (׳י ׳ד) Jer 11:3 + 5 t. Jeremiah; 1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4, etc.; accusative of person Exod 6:12 (P), 2Chr 28:11.
o. absolutebe obedient (especially to ׳י) Isa 1:19; Mic 5:14; Jer 12:17 + 4 t. Jeremiah + 7 t.

2. ׳י (God) subject:
a. accusative קוֺל, דברים, etc., Gen 21:17 (E), 2Kgs 19:4 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 19:16, usually with favour implied Num 20:16; Deut 33:7 +, so especially accusative תְּפִלָּה, תְּחנָּה, etc., 1Kgs 8:45; Ps 6:10 +.
b. object clause כִּי Gen 29:33 (J).
c. no object (32 t.) Isa 59:2; Jer 22:21, usually hear and foregive, help, etc 1Kgs 8:30; 1Kgs 8:32; Isa 30:19 +; hear be angry Ps 78:59, compare Ps 55:20.
d. = be able to hear Isa 59:1; Ps 94:9.
e. בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ = hear (and grant) Gen 30:6 (J) + 6 t. femininehear and answer, with אֶל of city, etc., Gen 21:7; Gen 16:11; 1Kgs 8:28 + 8 t.; with אֶל person Deut 3:36 + 12 t.
g. with לְ of utterance Jer 18:19; Ps 61:6 ל person Josh 24:10 (E).
h. hear, accusative of person + מִתְנוֺדֵד Jer 31:18 favourably, with accusative of person Mic 7:7 + 3 t., so, + ל concerning, Gen 17:20 (P); object omitted 2Kgs 22:19; Ps 22:23 + 3 t. + Ps 34:7; Ps 34:18 (hear and deliver); with temporal clause Jer 11:14 Niph`al₄₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁמַע Gen 45:16 +, etc; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע Exod 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ 1Sam 1:13, etc.; Infinitive construct הִשָּׁמַל Esth 2:8 Participle feminine נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Jer 51:46, etc.; —

1. be heard, of voice, sound, etc., 1Sam 1:13; 1Kgs 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1 plural Qal Imperfect?); of a resort, ֗֗֗ לֵאמֹר ׳נִשׁ Gen 45:16 (E); subject clause, ׳כִּ, Neh 6:1 (ל person), compare clauseוְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Neh 6:6 vNeh 6:7 be reported, כַּדְּבָרִיס הָאֵלֶּה (לַמֶּלֶחׅ); be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱםהֶיךָ Dan 10:12.

2. be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Deut 4:32.

3. be regarded, obeyed, Eccl 9:17 in 2Sam 22:45 = Ps 18:45 it is be obedient (לִיׅ, si vera lectio (read perhaps Qal. compare Now).

4. בְּקוֺלָם ׳וַיִישּׁ 2Chr 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע 1Sam 15:4 he caused the people (accusative) to hear and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so 1Sam 23:8 (see Hiph`il 1 c). Hiph`il₆₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ 1Kgs 15:22 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13 2 masculine singular jussive תַּשְׁמַע Judg 18:23, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הִשְׁמִיעֵנִי Ps 143:8 feminine singular suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Song 2:14; Song 8:13, etc.; Infinitive construct לַשְׁמִעַ Ps 26:7 (Ges^{«GKC:53q»§ 53q}); Participle מַשְׁמִיעַ Jer 4:15 +, etc.; —

1. of man:
a. cause to hear accusative of person + of thing Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Song 2:14; Song 8:13 + 4 t.; object of thing omitted (= make proclamation to) 1Kgs 15:22 object person omitted Jer 5:20 +; accusative שָׁלוֺם Isa 52:7; Nah 2:1 i.e. proclaimpeace; אָוֶֺן Jer 4:15 (מִן local); קוֺל ׳הַשׁ utter a sound Josh 6:10 (J; || הֵרִיעַ), compare Judg 18:25 (קוֺלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Isa 42:2; Isa 58:4 קוֺל תְּהִלָּתוֺ ׳הִשׁ Ps 66:8 בְּקוֺל תּוֺדָה Ps 26:7.
b. absolute as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהִשְׁמִיעַ 1Chr 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr^{Ps 67} De compare 1Chr 16:5 also Ps 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:28; 1Chr 16:42, קוֺל אֶחָד ׳לְהַשׁ 2Chr 5:13 i.e. probably in unison (Prince^{EB iii, 3241}), Neh 12:42.
c. absolute make proclamation (often || הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Isa 41:26; Jer 4:5 + 6 t. Jeremiah
d. הַשְׁמִיעוּ, accusative of person + אֶל location = summon Jer 50:29, עַל location Jer 51:27 (compare Pi`el).

2. ׳י subject:
a. cause to hear, accusative of person and thing Deut 4:10; Deut 4:36 (מִן local), 2Kgs 7:6 + 4 t.; accusative of person omitted Isa 30:30 + 3 t.; accusative of thing omitted Isa 44:8; Isa 48:5.
b. = tell, accusative of person + כָּזאֹת Judg 13:23 accusative of person only, Isa 42:9 accusative of thing only, Isa 48:3; Ezek 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).
c. absolute, make proclamation Isa 43:12; Isa 62:11 (אֶל location).

BDB9967 H8085 H8086

שְׁמַע verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Dan 6:15 1 singular שִׁמְעֵת Dan 5:14; Dan 5:16 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Dan 3:10, 2 m. pl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15 Participle active שָֽׁמְעִין Dan 3:7; Dan 5:23 — hear: = have sense of hearing Dan 5:23 with accusative of sound Dan 3:5; Dan 3:7; Dan 3:10; Dan 3:15, word Dan 6:15 with clause דִּי + עַל person concerning, Dan 5:14; Dan 5:16. Hithpe`el shew oneself obedient: Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Dan 7:27, with ל person (probably).

heard, hear, hearken, hearkened, obey, …

šāmaʿ

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

(v) to hear, listen to, obey

(Qal)

to hear (perceive by ear)

to consent, agree

to be heard (of voice or sound)

to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound

בְּ ק֖וֹל

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

ק֖וֹל

Root word voice, noise, sound, thunder, thunders, …

Dictionary form: קוֹל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the voice

the voice ×95 my voice ×32 voice ×32 his voice ×30 thy voice ×19 and the voice ×17 their voice ×16 a voice ×15

More options

voice — Best default; fits speech, divine address, crying out.

sound — Prefer when source is non-human or instrumental.

noise — Good for loud, chaotic, or crowd contexts.

cry — Use for calls of distress, shouting, or weeping.

thunder — Fits theophany passages where God's voice roars.

proclamation — Use when the sense is a formal public announcement.

BDB7359 H6963

קוֺל (sometimes, with prefix and suffix, קֹל)₅₀₆ noun masculine^{Gen 39:14} sound, voice; — absolute קוֺל Gen 4:10 + (הַקֹּל Gen 27:22; Gen 45:16); construct קוֺל Gen 3:8 + (וְקֹל Exod 19:16, לְקֹל Exod 4:8 (twice in verse)); suffix קוֺלִי 1Sam 26:17 +, קוֺלְךָ Judg 18:25 +, etc. (קֹלִי Gen 22:18, קֹלֶ֑ךָ Exod 3:18, etc.); plural (usually of thunder) קֹלֹת Exod 9:23 + 4 t., קוֺלֹת Exod 20:18 (Gi vExod 20:15), קֹלוֺת 1Sam 2:17 + 5 t.; —

1. sound: especially
a. of human voice Josh 6:10; 2Kgs 7:10 in speech Gen 27:22 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 24:17; 1Sam 26:17 (twice in verse); recognized (הִכִּיר) v1Sam 26:17; Jer 18:3 ׳יְפֵה ק Ezek 33:32 pleasant of voice, compare Song 2:14 (twice in verse); Song 8:13 in singing Exod 32:18; 2Sam 19:36; Isa 52:8, calling Judg 9:7, shouting Exod 32:17; 1Sam 4:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:40; Ezra 3:13, rejoicing Jer 7:34 (4 t. in verse) = Jer 16:9; Jer 25:10; Jer 33:11, praise Ps 66:8; Ps 26:7; Joel 2:10, laughter Jer 30:19, weeping Gen 21:16; Judg 2:4; 1Sam 11:4; Ruth 1:9; Ruth 1:14; Ezra 3:13, outcry Gen 39:15; Gen 39:18; 1Sam 4:14; Jer 8:19, distress, lament Jer 9:18; Ezek 27:30; Zech 11:3; Ps 102:6, supplication Ps 28:2; Ps 28:6; Ps 31:23; Ps 86:6 adverb אֶחָד ׳ק with one voice Exod 24:3; 2Chr 5:13, גָּדוֺל ׳ק loud voice 2Sam 15:23 + (compare ׳ג ׳בְּק Gen 39:14; 1Sam 28:12 +), רָם ׳ק Deut 27:14 ׳נָשָׂא ק Gen 21:16 + (see נָשָׂא 1 b (5)), ׳הֵרִים ק Gen 39:15 + (see דום Hiph`il); on ׳ק as independent noun, followed by subject + verb of calling Ps 3:5; Ps 27:7; Ps 142:2 see Ges^{«GKC:144m»§ 144m}
b. of ׳י Gen 3:8; Gen 3:10; Isa 6:8; Exod 19:19; 1Kgs 19:3; Mic 6:9; Ezek 10:5 (compare also 2 b) +; adverb גָּדוֺל ׳ק Deut 5:19; Ezek 9:1 דְּמָמָה דַקָּה ׳ק 1Kgs 19:12.
c. of seraph Isa 6:4.
d. of angel Dan 8:16 (אָדָם ׳ק i.e. in human speech, compare Bev); דְּבָרָיו ׳ק Dan 10:6; Dan 10:9 (twice in verse).
e. of animals: bleating of sheep 1Sam 15:14, lowing of cattle v1Sam 15:14; Jer 9:9, neighing of horses Jer 8:16, roaring of lion Amos 3:4; Jer 2:15 +, hissing of serpent Jer 46:22 (in simile), singing of birds Nah 2:8; Zeph 2:14; Ps 104:12; Song 2:12; Eccl 12:4. feminine exclamation, at beginning of clause, a sound of...! = hark! Gen 4:10; Isa 13:4; Isa 40:3; Isa 52:8; Jer 4:15; Jer 10:22; Jer 50:28; Song 2:8; Song 5:2 (Ges^{«GKC:146b»§ 146b}).

2. sound:
a. of instrument, especially (הַ)שֹּׁפָר ׳ק Exod 9:16; Exod 20:18 (Gi vExod 20:15) Amos 2:2; 1Kgs 1:41 +, ׳חֲצֹצְרוֺת וגו 2Chr 5:13, כִּנּוֺר Ezek 26:13, עוּנָב Job 21:12 of פַּעֲמֹנִים on high priest's robe Exod 28:35.

2. thunder-clap or peal (compare Dr 1Sam 12:17), ׳קוֺל י (or קוֺלוֺ) Amos 1:2; Isa 30:30; Isa 30:31; Jer 10:13 = Jer 51:16, Joel 2:11; Joel 4:16; Ps 18:14 = 2Sam 22:14; Ps 29:3; Ps 29:7; Ps 46:7; Job 37:4 (compare 1Sam 7:10; Ps 77:18; Ps 77:19; Ps 104:7), so especially plural absolute (see above) Exod 9:23; Exod 9:28; Exod 9:29; Exod 9:33; Exod 9:34; Exod 19:16; Exod 20:18 (Gi vExod 20:15), 1Sam 7:10; 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:18; Job 28:26 = Job 38:25.
c. קוֺל רַגְלֶיהָ 1Kgs 14:6 compare 2Kgs 6:32, and (probably) Gen 3:8 also (הַ)צְּעָדָה ׳ק 2Sam 5:24 = 1Chr 14:15 of runners 2Kgs 11:13; 2Chr 23:12.
d. stamping of hoofs Jer 47:3; Ezek 26:10 ( +chariots, etc.), compare 1Kgs 1:41.
e. of chariots Nah 3:2; Joel 2:5 wheels Ezek 3:13 whip Nah 3:2. feminine of sea, and great waters Hab 3:10; Ezek 1:24; Ezek 43:2; Ps 93:3; Ps 93:4, compare Jer 50:42 (in simile); צִנּוֺרֶיךָ ׳ק Ps 42:8.
g. earthquake Ezek 37:7.
h. a fall Jer 49:21; Ezek 26:15; Ezek 31:16.
i. of a multitude 1Sam 4:14; Isa 13:4; Ezek 23:42.
j. din of war Exod 32:17; Jer 50:22; Jer 50:46; Jer 51:55; Lam 2:7.
k. of wings Ezek 1:24; Ezek 3:13; Ezek 10:5.

1. flame Joel 2:5 crackling of thorns Eccl 7:6 rustling of leaves Lev 26:36. masculine millstones Jer 25:10; Eccl 12:4.

3. of articulate speech, thing said:
a. (1) often of human advice, command, entreaty Gen 3:17; Gen 4:23; Exod 3:18; Exod 4:1; Exod 4:9; Deut 1:45; Deut 21:18 (twice in verse); Deut 21:20; 1Sam 2:25; 1Sam 8:7; 1Sam 8:9; 2Sam 12:18 דִּבְרֵיכֶם ׳ק Deut 1:34; Deut 5:25 even of written words 2Kgs 10:6 so also הָאֹת ׳ק Exod 4:8 (twice in verse) voice (teaching) of the sign. (2) of a report Gen 45:16; Eccl 10:20. (3) of a proclamation Exod 36:6 (P), 2Chr 24:9; 2Chr 30:5; 2Chr 36:22 = Ezra 1:1; Ezra 10:7; Neh 8:15. (4) אָלָה ׳ק Lev 5:1 utterance of adjuration.
b. often (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah) of words of ׳י Gen 22:18; Gen 26:5; Exod 5:2; Exod 15:26; Exod 19:5; Deut 8:20; Deut 9:23; Deut 13:15; Deut 13:19 +, Judg 2:2; Judg 2:20; Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:14; 1Sam 12:15; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 15:19; 1Sam 15:20; 1Sam 15:22; Jer 3:13; Jer 3:25; Jer 7:23 +; of ׳מַלְאַךְ י Exod 23:21; Exod 23:22. — קֹל Jer 3:9 see below קלל.

BDB7450 H6963

קֹל noun [masculine] lightness, frivolity (so Vrss Ki Gie; Gf thinks = קָלוֺן; > = voice); — מִקֹּל זְנוּנָהּ Jer 3:9. — קֹל voice, see קוֺל.

BDB9854 H6963

קול (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew קול, קוֺל).

voice, noise, sound, thunder, thunders, …

qôl

a voice or sound

voice, sound, noise

voice

יְהוָ֣ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of the lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

אֱלֹהֵ֑י נוּ

אֱלֹהֵ֑י

Root word god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

נוּ

Suffix — pronoun our / us

Dictionary form: אֱלֹהִים · eh-loh-HEEM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: our god

god ×587 thy god ×320 of god ×316 your god ×162 our god ×116 the god ×110 gods ×95 their god ×62

More options

God — Preferred for the God of Israel; singular context.

gods — Use for polytheistic or plural divine beings.

deity — Neutral, academic tone; suits comparative religion contexts.

divine being — Emphasizes nature over identity; good for ambiguous referents.

judge — Use when context is legal or judicial authority.

mighty one — Captures intensifying plural; rare angelic or hero contexts.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2170 H1984 H430 H3050

II. [הָלַל] verb be boastful, Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל praise, הַלֵּל id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see Lyon^{Sargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36)} also Winckler^{Sargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149} KB^{44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194}; all variations of cry aloud, compare Nö^{ZMG 1887, 723} RS^{Semitic 411}; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare We^{Skizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109}; compare also (according to Prät^{BAS i. 369 f.}) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —

Qal Imperfect 2 masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ Ps 75:5 Participle הוֺלֲלִים Ps 5:6 + 2 t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ Ps 75:5 (|| אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters Ps 5:6 (|| פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן); Ps 73:3; Ps 75:5 (both || רְשָׁעִים). Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל Ps 10:3, 1 singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ Ps 119:164 3 masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive Isa 62:9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ Isa 64:10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ Ps 63:6; Ps 102:19 suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ Prov 27:2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ Isa 38:18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Prov 31:38: 1 singular אֲהַלֵּל Ps 56:5 + 2 t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה Ps 69:31 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי Ps 146:1; Ps 147:12 masculine plural הַלְלוּ Ps 104:35 + 30 t. Psalm + Jer 20:13; Jer 31:7 suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ Ps 22:24 + 15 t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל 1Chr 16:36 construct הַלֵּל 2Sam 14:25 + 16 t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים 1Chr 23:5 + 4 t. Chronicles; —

1. praise man or woman, accusative וַיְהַלֲלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה Gen 12:15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Prov 27:2; Prov 31:28; Prov 31:31; Song 6:9 וְהַמְהַלֲלִים אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ 2Chr 23:12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also לְהַלֵּל מְאֹד 2Sam 14:25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense עֹזְבֵי תוֺרָה יְהַלֲלוּ רָשָׁע Prov 28:4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.

2. usually praise אֱלֹהִים, ׳י etc.;
a. followed by accusative of heathen god Judg 16:24.
b. object ׳(אֱלֹהִים) י; Ps 119:164 (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., Ps 69:35 תְּחִי נַפְשִׁי ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ Ps 119:175 in summons to all creatures to praise Ps 148:5; Ps 148:13; Isa 38:18 לֹא שְׁאוֺל תּוֺדֶךָּ מָוֶת יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ (compare Ps 115:17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Isa 62:9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare Isa 64:10; Ps 22:23 (|| אֲסַפְּרָה שִׁמְךָ), vPs 22:27; Ps 35:18; Ps 109:30 (both || אוֺדְךָ) Ps 107:32 (|| יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) Ps 84:5, see also Ps 146:2 (|| ׳אֲזַמְּרָה לֵא) Ps 149:3 (with בְּ instrumental; || יְזַמְּרוּ לוֺ); also object ׳שֵׁם י (in some cases of public worship) Ps 74:21; Ps 148:5; Joel 2:26 (thanksgiving after harvest); שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים בְּשִׁיר Ps 69:31 (|| וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ בְתוֺדָה), Ps 145:2 (|| אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, Ps 56:5 בֵּאלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּל דְּבָרוֺ, also vPs 56:11 + vPs 56:11b ׳ביהוה וגו, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed אֶתעַֿמְּךָ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ הַלֲלוּ וְאִמְרוּ הוֺשַׁע י Jer 31:7, וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת יְהַלֶּלפִּֿי Ps 63:6.
c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ Ps 22:24 (|| כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare vPs 22:23 vPs 22:25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י Ps 148:2 (twice in verse); Ps 148:3 (twice in verse); Ps 148:4; Ps 150:1 of temple-worship Ps 150:2 (בְּ on account of) vPs 150:2 (כְּ), vPs 150:3 vPs 150:3 vPs 150:4 vPs 150:4 vPs 150:5 vPs 150:5 (all with בְּ instrumental); further Jer 20:13 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ Ps 117:1 (addressed to nations, || שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), Ps 148:7 (created things), חַלֲלִי אֱלֹהַיִךְ צִיּוֺן Ps 147:12 (|| שַׁבְּחִי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ ׳אֶתיֿ).
d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ Ps 135:3, liturgical (|| זַמְּרוּ לִשְׁמוֺ); elsewhere always one word see Baer^{Psalm p.115}, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ Ps 104:35 (|| ׳בָּֽרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning Ps 106:1; Ps 111:1 (both || הודה) Ps 112:1; Ps 113:1 (|| הַלֲלוּ & ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם י ׳ה), Ps 135:1 (|| id.), Ps 146:1 (|| ׳הַלֲלִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), Ps 147:1 (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), Ps 148:1 (|| ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ, הַלֲלוּהוּ), Ps 149:1 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), Ps 150:1 (|| הַלֲלוּאֵֿל, הַלֲלוּהוּ); (2) at end Ps 104:35 (above), Ps 105:45; Ps 106:48; Ps 113:9; Ps 115:18 (|| נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ), Ps 116:19; Ps 117:2; Ps 135:21 (|| ׳בָּרוּךְ י) Ps 146:10; Ps 147:20; Ps 148:14; Ps 149:9; Ps 150:6 (|| כֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ Ps 102:19, כֹּל נְשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ Ps 150:6, לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ Ps 115:17.
e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare Lag^{Or.ii.16 ff.}, who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Neh 12:24 compare vNeh 12:27), 1Chr 16:4 (with instrumental music, compare בִּכְלֵי כְבָלִים וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת & בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ ם, all v1Chr 16:5, and Neh 12:27) 1Chr 23:30; 1Chr 25:3 (all || הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezra 3:11 (|| הֹדוֺת) compare vEzra 3:11 by Levites 2Chr 20:19 (בְּקֹל גָּדוֺל), 2Chr 29:30 (בְּדִבְרֵי דָוִיד) in which the people also joined 1Chr 16:36 also 2Chr 5:13 (בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבִכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר compare also v2Chr 5:12 || הֹדוֺת, v2Chr 5:13 apparently of Levites & priests), בַּכֵּלִים ׳מְהַלֲלִים לי 1Chr 23:5 (Levites) compare 2Chr 30:21 (Levites & priests ׳בִּכְלֵי עֹז לי); followed by לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ 1Chr 29:13 (|| מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ 2Chr 20:11 (before the army; || ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים לי; probably of Levites, compare v2Chr 20:19). feminine followed by accusative ׳י Ezra 3:10 (priests & Levites: עַליְֿדֵי דָּוִיד), Neh 5:13 (people).
g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: לְהַלֵּל לְהוֺדוֺת בְּמִצְוַת דָּוִיד Neh 12:24 (Levites) compare 1Chr 23:5; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 29:30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) 2Chr 31:2 (apparently priests & Levites; ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי מַחֲנוֺת י; || לְשָׁרֵת וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת); see also מוֺדִיעִים לְהַלֵּל 2Chr 23:13 (|| מְשׁוֺרֲרִים בִּכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר בְּהַלֵּל דָּוִיד בְּיָדָם ). 2Chr 7:6 (|| הֹדוֺת ליהוּה)

3. apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים Ps 44:9 (|| שִׁמְךָ לְעוֺלָם נוֺדֶה); so according to most, in bad sense, רָשָׁע עַלתַּֿאֲוַת נַפְשׁוֺ ׳ה Ps 10:3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit). Pu`al Perfect 3 plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ Ps 78:63 Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ Prov 12:8 Participle מְהֻלָּל 2Sam 22:4 + 6 t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה Ezek 26:17 (compare Ol^{§ 250 c} Sta^{§ 220, 617 b}; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges^{«GKC:52»§ 52}. 2, R. 6); — be praised,

1. human subject be praised, commended Prov 12:18 (opposed to יִהְיֶה לָבוּז); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Ps 78:63 participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezek 26:17.

2. of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2Sam 22:4 = Ps 18:4 מְאֹד ׳וּמְה ׳גָּדוֺל י Ps 48:2; Ps 96:4 = 1Chr 16:25; Ps 145:3 so ׳שֵׁם י ׳מְה Ps 113:3. Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל 1Kgs 20:11 + 5 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל Prov 20:14 3 feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל Ps 34:3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל Prov 31:30 2 masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל Ps 52:3; Prov 27:1 תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל Isa 41:16 2 feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי Jer 49:4 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Ps 64:11; Isa 45:25 יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ Isa 49:7; Jer 4:2 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ 1Chr 16:10; Ps 105:3 Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל Ps 106:5 Participle מִתְהַלֵּל Prov 25:14; Jer 9:23 plural מִתְהַלֲלִים Ps 97:7 — glory, boast, make one's boast: —

1. of self-confident boasting, absolute 1Kgs 20:11 compare Prov 20:14 followed by בְּ of ground of boast Jer 9:22 (3 t. in verse); Jer 49:4; Ps 49:7; Ps 52:3; Prov 25:14, אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל בְּיוֺם מָחָר Prov 27:1 of glorying in idols הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים בָּאֱלִלִים Ps 97:7.

2. of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל ׃י ׳בי נַפְשִׁי Ps 34:3, compare Isa 45:25; Jer 4:2 (|| וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ בוֺ); followed by בִּקְדוֺשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 41:16 see also Ps 105:3 = 1Chr 16:10 followed by ) בְּשֵׁם קָדְשׁוֺ || ׳(יִשְׂמַה לֵב מְבַקְשֵׁי י, compare further Jer 9:23 less often absolute Jer 9:23; Ps 63:12; Ps 64:11; followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage (|| לִשְׂמֹהַ בְּשִׂמְהַת גּוֶֺ י֑ךָ).

3. once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Prov 31:30. Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל Isa 44:25 + 2 t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים Job 12:17 (subject ׳י; || מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל); object קֹסְמִים Isa 44:25 (subject ׳י || מֵפֵר אֹתוֺת בַּדִּים; object הָכָם Eccl 7:7 (subject הָעשֶׁק; || וִיאַבֵּד אֶתלֵֿב מַתָּנָה). Po`al Participle לִשְׂהוֺק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֺלָ֑ל Eccl 2:2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי Ps 102:9 those mad against me (|| אוֺיְבָ֑י). Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל 1Sam 21:14 3 masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 51:7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ Nah 2:5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ Jer 50:38 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 49:9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ Jer 25:16 — act madly, or like a madman, וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם 1Sam 21:14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans ׳וּבָאֵימִים יִתְה Jer 50:38 of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, Jer 25:16 (|| הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) Jer 51:7 also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nah 2:5; Jer 46:9.

BDB430 H430

אֱלֹהִים₂₅₇₀ noun masculine plural (feminine 1Kgs 11:33 on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֺהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes^{l. c},)

1. plural in number.
a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Exod 21:6 (Onk ᵑ6, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ᵐ5) Exod 22:7; Exod 22:8 אלהים Exod 22:8; Exod 22:27 (ᵑ7 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, ᵐ5 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) compare 1Sam 2:25 see Dr.; Judg 5:8 (Ew, but gods ᵐ5; God ᵑ6 BarHebr.; יהוה ᵑ9 Be) Ps 82:1; Ps 82:6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) Ps 138:1 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Rab Ki De; but angels ᵐ5 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che).
b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Ps 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gen 1:27 (if with Philo ᵑ7 Jerome De Che we interpret נעשה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
c. angels Psalm Job 97:7 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); compare בני (ה)אלהים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4 (J; so ᵐ5 Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude vJude 1:6; 2Pet 2:4 Jos^{Ant. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 1:3»i. 3}. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jerome Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; ᵐ5^L read οἱ υιὁὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), compare בני אלים.
d. gods האלהים Exod 18:11; Exod 22:19 (E) 1Sam 4:8; 2Chr 2:4; Ps 86:8 אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God Deut 10:17; Ps 136:2 אלהים Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (JE) Judg 9:13 אלהים אחרים other gods Exod 20:3; Exod 23:13; Josh 24:2; Josh 24:16 (E) Deut 31:18; Deut 31:20 (JE) Deut 5:7 + (17 t. in D, not P) Judg 2:12; Judg 2:17; Judg 2:19; Judg 10:13; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 26:19; 1Kgs 9:6; 1Kgs 9:9 (= 2Chr 7:19; 2Chr 7:22) 2Chr 11:4; 2Chr 11:10; 2Chr 14:9; 2Kgs 5:17; 2Kgs 17:35; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Kgs 17:38; 2Kgs 22:17 (= 2Chr 34:25) 2Chr 28:25; Jer 1:16 + (18 t. Jeremiah) Hos 3:1 אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods Gen 35:2; Gen 35:4; Josh 24:20; Josh 24:23 (E) Deut 31:16 (JE) Judg 10:16; 1Sam 7:3; 2Chr 33:15; Jer 5:19 נחור ׳א Gen 31:53 (E); מצרים ׳א Exod 12:12 (P) Jer 43:12; Jer 43:13 האמרי ׳א Josh 24:15 (E) Judg 6:10 ארם ׳א etc. Judg 10:6 אלהים מעשה ידי Deut 4:28 הגוים ׳א gods of the nations 2Kgs 18:33; 2Kgs 19:12; Deut 29:17; 2Chr 32:17; 2Chr 32:19; Isa 36:18; Isa 37:12 העמים ׳א Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Judg 2:12; Ps 96:5; 1Chr 5:25; 1Chr 16:26; 2Chr 32:13; 2Chr 32:14 כסף ׳א Exod 20:23 (E); זהב ׳א Exod 20:23 (E) Exod 32:31 (JE); מַסֵּכָה ׳א Exod 34:17 (J) Lev 19:4 (H).

2. Plural intensive.
a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1Sam 5:7 (Dagon), Judg 11:24 (Chemosh), 1Kgs 18:24 (Baal), Judg 9:27; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לעשתרת מואב ׳צדנים לכמוש א ׳א to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1Kgs 11:33 הארץ ׳א god of the land 2Kgs 17:26 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1Kgs 20:28.
b. godlike one Exod 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exod 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1Sam 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Ps 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne AE Ki Thea Ew Hup, compare 1Chr 28:5).
c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הר אלהים Ps 68:16; Ezek 28:14; Ezek 28:16 אש אלהים Job 1:16 גן (ה)אלהים Ezek 28:13; Ezek 31:8; Ezek 31:9.
d. God (see 3 & 4).

3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God, הוא האלהים ׳י Yahweh is (the) God Deut 4:35; Deut 4:39; Deut 7:9; 1Kgs 8:60; 1Kgs 18:39 (twice in verse); 2Chr 33:13 הוא האלהים Isa 45:18 האלהים ׳י Josh 22:34 (P ?) 1Kgs 18:21; 1Kgs 18:24; 2Chr 32:16 אתה הוא האלהים 2Sam 7:28; 1Kgs 18:37; 2Kgs 19:15; 1Chr 17:26; Isa 37:16; Neh 9:7 האלהים as subject or object is used in E 33 t., Chronicles 38 t., Eccl 31 t., Jonah 5 t., elsewhere Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9; Gen 6:11 (sources of P) Gen 17:18 (P) Josh 22:34 (P ?) Gen 44:16 (J) Deut 4:35; Deut 4:39; Deut 7:9; Judg 6:36; Judg 6:39; Judg 7:14; Judg 10:14; Judg 16:28; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 10:3; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 6:7; 2Sam 7:28; 2Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 8:60; 1Kgs 18:21; 1Kgs 18:24 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:37; 1Kgs 18:39 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 19:15 (Ephr) Job 2:10; Jer 11:12; Isa 37:16; Isa 45:18; Ps 108:14; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:17 הקדוש ׳הא ׳י 1Sam 6:20 הגדול ׳הא ׳י Neh 8:6 אשר ׳בירושלם הא Ezra 1:3 אדני האלהים Dan 9:3 in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: =
(a) angel Judg 13:6; Judg 13:8,
(b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1Sam 9:9-10, compare אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9:7): of Moses Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6 (E) 1Chr 23:14; 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Ps 90:1 of Samuel 1Sam 9:6-10 of David 2Chr 8:14; Neh 12:24; Neh 12:36 Shemaiah 1Kgs 12:22 (= 2Chr 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1Kgs 13:1-31; 1Kgs 17:18-24; 1Kgs 20:28; 2Kgs 1:9-13; 2Kgs 4:7-42; 2Kgs 5:8-20; 2Kgs 6:6-15; 2Kgs 7:2-9; 2Kgs 8:2-11; 2Kgs 13:19; 2Kgs 23:16-17 (Ephr) 2Chr 25:7; 2Chr 25:9 unnamed prophet 1Sam 2:27 Hanan Jer 35:4 a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1Chr 6:34; 2Chr 24:9; Neh 10:30; Dan 9:11. בית האלהים the house of God, Judg 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 t.) Eccl 4:17; Dan 1:2 ׳בית י ׳הא 1Chr 22:1 ארון (ברית) האלהים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judg 20:27; 1Sam 4:1-5:12; 1Sam 14; 2Sam 6:1-7:29; 2Sam 15 (23 t.); 1Chr 13; 1Chr 15; 1Chr 16; 2Chr 1:4 (13 t.); מטה האלהים the rod of God Exod 4:20; Exod 17:9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) Exod 3:1; Exod 4:27; Exod 18:5; Exod 24:13 (E) 1Kgs 19:8 (Ephr); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God Gen 31:11; Exod 14:19 (E) Judg 6:20; Judg 13:6; Judg 13:9; 2Sam 14:17; 2Sam 14:20; 2Sam 19:28 in other combinations Exod 18:16; Num 23:27 (E) Judg 20:2; 1Sam 4:8; 1Sam 5:11; 1Sam 10:5; 2Sam 16:23; 1Kgs 12:22; 1Chr 21:7 + (14 t.) Ps 87:3; Eccl 9:1.

4. אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת ׳י = Yahweh is God in truth Jer 10:10.
a. אלהים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by P (50 t. in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 t.), by E (91 t.), J chiefly in poetic sources Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Gen 3:5 (twice in verse); Gen 9:27; Gen 39:9; Deut 32:17; Deut 32:39, by D (11 t.) Judges (21 t.) Samuel (50 t.) Kings (29 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); in Psalm 42-86 (180 t. often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere Ps 3:3; Ps 5:11; Ps 7:11; Ps 7:12; Ps 9:18; Ps 10:4; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 14:2; Ps 14:5; Ps 25:22; Ps 36:2; Ps 36:8; Ps 77:14; Ps 100:3; Ps 108:2; Ps 108:6; Ps 108:8; Ps 108:12 (twice in verse); Ps 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 t.) Prov 2:5; Prov 3:4; Prov 25:2 Ecclesiastes (7 t.) Hosea (5 t.); Amos 4:11 (כמהפכת אלתים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Jer 50:40 = Isa 13:19) Zech 8:23; Zech 12:8; Mic 3:7 (but אליהם ᵐ5 ᵑ6) Isa 35:4 Isa² (9 t.); Jer 10:10 Ezekiel (13 t.); Malachi (5 t.); Jonah (4 t.); the phrase לאלהים ׳היה ל Gen 28:21 (E^R) Gen 17:7; Gen 17:8; Exod 6:7; Exod 29:45; Lev 11:45; Lev 22:33; Lev 25:38; Lev 26:12; Lev 26:45; Num 15:41 (P); Deut 26:17; Deut 29:13; 2Sam 7:24 (= 1Chr 17:22); Zech 8:8 Jeremiah (6 t.); Ezekiel (6 t.); אלהים צדיק righteous God Ps 7:10 קדשים ׳א holy God Josh 24:19 (E); חיים ׳א living God Deut 5:23; 1Sam 17:26; 1Sam 17:36; Jer 10:10; Jer 23:36 חי ׳א 2Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:16 (= Isa 37:4; Isa 37:17). For the phrases ׳יהוה א, צבאות ׳א ׳י, צבאות ׳א, ׳י ׳אל א, ׳יה א, ׳צבאות א ׳י, אלתי ׳י, צבאות, ׳אדני א see יהוה, יה, צבאות & אדני.
b. construct אֱלֹהֵי
(a) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gen 26:24; Gen 28:13; Gen 31:53, elsewhere Ps 47:10; 1Kgs 18:36; 1Chr 29:18; 2Chr 30:6 אדני אברהם ׳א Gen 24:12; Gen 24:27; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:48 (J); אלהי אב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of E, Gen 31:5; Gen 31:29; Gen 31:42; Gen 46:3; Gen 50:17; Exod 3:6; Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16; Exod 15:2; Exod 18:4; Josh 18:3, elsewhere Gen 32:10; Gen 43:23 (J) Exod 4:5 (J ?) Deuteronomy (8 t.); Judg 2:12; 2Kgs 21:22 Chronicles (31 t.); Dan 11:37 אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of E, Gen 33:20; Exod 5:1; Exod 24:10; Exod 32:27; Josh 8:30; Josh 14:14; Josh 22:16; Josh 24:2; Josh 24:23, elsewhere Exod 34:23; Josh 7:13; Josh 7:19; Josh 7:20 (JE) Num 16:9; Josh 9:18; Josh 9:19; Josh 22:24; Josh 10:40; Josh 10:42; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33 (R see Di Josh 7:13) Judg 4:6; Judg 5:3; Judg 5:5; Judg 6:8; Judg 11:21; Judg 11:23; Judg 21:3; 1Sam 1:17 + (20 t.) Kings (26 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); Ps 41:14; Ps 106:48 (doxology) Ps 59:6; Ps 69:7; Isa 17:6; Isa 21:10; Isa 21:17; Isa 29:23 Isa³, Isa 24:15; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:21 Isa², Isa 41:17 + (6 t.); Jer 35:17 + (48 t.); Ezek 8:4 + (7 t.); Zeph 2:9; Mal 2:16; Ruth 2:12 מערכות ישראל ׳א God of the battle array of Israel 1Sam 17:45 ׳א יַעֲקֹב 2Sam 23:1 (poetry) Ps 20:2; Ps 46:8; Ps 46:12; Ps 75:10; Ps 76:7; Ps 81:2; Ps 81:5; Ps 84:9; Ps 94:7; Isa 2:3 (= Mic 4:2); העבריים ׳א God of the Hebrews Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 7:16; Exod 9:1; Exod 9:13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gen 31:53 (E), Shem Gen 9:26 (J), David 2Kgs 20:5; 2Chr 21:12; 2Chr 34:3; Isa 38:5, Hezekiah 2Chr 32:17, Elijah 2Kgs 2:14 ארני המלך ׳א the God of my lord the king 1Kgs 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם ׳א ancient God Deut 33:27 עולם ׳א everlasting God Isa 40:28 אֱמֶת ׳א true God 2Chr 15:3 אָמֵן ׳א Isa 65:16 (see אָמֵן); משפט ׳א Isa 30:18; Mal 2:17 מרום ׳א Mic 6:6 כָל בָשָׂר ׳א God of all flesh Jer 32:27 compare ׳א הרוחות לכל בשר Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); השמים ׳א God of heaven Gen 24:7 (J^R) 2Chr 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Neh 1:4; Neh 1:5; Neh 2:4; Neh 2:20 compare כל הארץ ׳א Isa 54:5 ׳השמים וא ׳א ׳י הארץ Gen 24:3 (J^R); מִקָּרֹב ׳א a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק ׳א Jer 23:23, ישועתי ׳א, יִשְׁעִי ׳א God of my salvation Ps 18:47 (= 2Sam 22:47) Ps 24:5; Ps 25:5; Ps 27:9; Ps 65:6; Ps 79:9; Ps 85:5; Isa 17:10; Mic 7:7; Hab 3:18; 1Chr 16:35 ישועתי ׳א Ps 88:2 תשועתי ׳א Ps 51:16 צִדְקִי ׳א God of righteousness Ps 4:2 חַסְדִּי ׳א Ps 59:11; Ps 59:18 צוּרִי ׳א God who is my rock 2Sam 22:3 (compare Ps 18:3); מָעוּזִּי֯ ׳א God who is my stronghold Ps 43:2 תְהִלָּתִי ׳א God who is my praise Ps 109:1.
c. with suffix in P (22 t. including phrase ויראת מאלהיך) Lev 19:14; Lev 19:32; Lev 25:17; Lev 25:36; Lev 25:43 (H) Exod 8:21; Josh 24:27 (E) Deut 32:37 (poetry) Josh 9:23 (JE) Deut 10:21; Deut 31:17; Judg 10:10; Judg 16:23; Judg 16:24; 1Sam 10:19; 2Sam 10:12; 2Sam 22:32 + (4 t. poetry) 1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 20:23; 2Kgs 19:10 Chronicles (83 t.); Psalms (62 t.); Prov 2:17; Prov 30:9; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse); Isa 1:10; Isa 7:13; Isa 8:19; Isa 8:21 Isa² (29 t.); Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5; Jer 23:36; Jer 51:5; Ezek 34:31 Daniel (5 t.); Hosea (12 t.); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Mic 6:8; Mic 7:7; Jonah 1:5; Jonah 1:6; Zeph 3:2; Nah 1:14; Zech 9:7; Zech 12:5 אלהים with suffix is also used with יהוה several hundred times (see יהוה).

god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

ʾĕlōhîm

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

(plural)

rulers, judges

god, goddess

לָ לֶ֤כֶת

לָ

Prefix — preposition to, for

לֶ֤כֶת

Root word go, went, walk, walked, come, …

Dictionary form: הָלַךְ · haw-LAHK

Verb — Qal, Infinitive Construct, construct state simple action — "he did" try "to ___" or "___ing"

In the KJV here: to walk

go ×142 went ×128 and went ×81 come ×48 and go ×35 to go ×33 to walk ×23 walked ×23

More options

go — Most versatile rendering; suits motion in any direction.

walk — Prefer when literal movement or lifestyle/conduct is in view.

travel — Good for journeys or longer distances.

move — Useful for general or figurative movement without direction.

depart — Best when leaving a place is the emphasis.

proceed — Suits formal or sequential contexts; implies onward movement.

BDB2162 H1980 H3212

הָלַךְ₁₅₄₅ verb go, come, walk (MI ואהלך, לך; SI וילכו; Late Hebrew הִלֵּךְ (rare), Aramaic הֲלַךְ, הַךְ (also Biblical Aramaic), oftener הַלֵּיךְ Pa`el, , Palmyrene Ithpe`el אתילכא Vog^{No. 15, 1. 4}; Assyrian alâku Dl^w; also Arabic perish) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ה Gen 26:26 +; הָלָ֑ךְ 2Sam 8:6 +; 3 plural הָֽלְכוּ Gen 14:24 +; (הֶ)הָֽלְכוּא Josh 10:24 (Ges^{«GKC:23»§ 23}, 3; 138, 3 b Kö^{i. 414 f.}), etc.; Imperfect rarely
a. 3 masculine singular יִהֲלֹךְ Jer 9:3 + 4 t. Job, Psalms; וַיַּהֲלֹךְ Job 14:20 3 feminine singular תִּהֲלַךְ Ps 73:9 וַתִּהֲלַךְ Exod 9:23 (Ew^{§ 138 b} Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, R. 8 Kö^{i. 415}); 1 singular אֶהֱלֹךְ Exod 16:22; Exod 23:8 (compare M 1:14; M 1:15); יִהֲלֹ֑כוּ Job 41:11 usually
b. (629 t.) as if from ילך (ולך; see Hiph`il Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, 2 R. 8 Kö^{i. 414 ff.} Prät^{ZAW 1882, 310 ff.}; compare also יָלַד etc.) 3 masculine singular יֵלֵךְ Exod 10:24 +; יֵלֵ֑ךְ Eccl 5:15 +; וְיֵלַ֑ךְ Job 27:21 יֵלֶךְֿ Exod 34:9 +; וַיֵּלֶךְ Gen 12:4 (twice in verse) + 210 t., וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ Gen 24:61 + 6 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּלֵךְ Gen 24:39 תֵּלֵ֑ךְ Ps 97:3 וַתֵּ֫לֶךְ Gen 7:18 +; 2 masculine singular תֵּלֵךְ etc. Gen 3:14 +; 2 feminine singular תֵּלְכִי etc. Judg 4:8 (twice in verse) +; 1 singular אֵלֵךְ Exod 3:11 +; וָאֵלֵךְ Judg 19:18 +; וָאֵלַ֑ךְ Job 19:10 אֵלְכָה Gen 45:28 +, אֵילְכָה Mic 1:8 3 masculine plural יֵלְכו Exod 5:7 +; יֵלֵכ֑וּן Ps 89:31 + 2 t.; וַיֵּלְכוּ Gen 9:23 (וילכו also SI⁴) +; 3 feminine plural תֵּלַכְנָה Judg 11:40 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּלְכוּ Gen 42:38 +; תֵּלְכוּן Deut 6:14 תֵּלֵכ֑וּן Exod 3:21; Isa 52:12 2 feminine plural תֵּלַכְנָה Ruth 1:11 1 plural נֵלֵךְ Exod 8:23 +; וַנֵּ֫לֶךְ Deut 1:19, etc.; Imperative rarely
a. הֲלוֺךְ Prov 13:20 (Kt.; Qr הֹלֵךְ, compare De Now); masculine plural הִלְכוּ Jer 51:10 usually
b. (241 t.) masculine singular לֵךְ Gen 26:16 + (לך also MI¹⁴), לֶךְֿ Gen 27:9 +; לְכָה Gen 19:32 +; לְךָ Num 23:13; Judg 19:13; 2Chr 25:17 לֵ֑כָה 1Sam 23:17 feminine singular לְכִי Judg 9:10 +; masculine plural לְכוּ Gen 37:20 +; feminine plural לֵ֫כְנָה Ruth 1:8, לֵ֫כְןָ Ruth 1:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָלוֺךְ Gen 8:3 +; הָלֹךְ Gen 31:30 +; construct rarely
a. הֲלֹךְ Exod 3:19 + 4 t.; הֲלָךְֿ Eccl 6:9 usually
b. (129 t.) לֶ֫כֶת Mic 6:8 +; לָ֑כֶת Prov 15:21 +2 t.; suffix לֶכְתִּי 1Kgs 2:8 לֶכְתָּם 2Sam 17:21 + 7 t. (6 Ezekiel); לֶכְתָּן Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12; Ezek 1:17, etc.; Participle הֹלֵךְ Gen 18:16 +; הוֺלֵךְ Gen 15:2 +; feminine הֹלְכָה Jer 3:6 הֹלֶכֶת Gen 32:21 + 2 t.+ הֹלָכֶתי 2Kgs 4:23 plural הֹלְכִים Exod 33:15 +, etc.; construct הֹלְכֵי Judg 5:6 + 3 t.; feminine plural הֹלְכֹת etc. Exod 2:5 + 3 t.; — found in all documents of Hexateuch, especially J E (240 t.; D 65 t., P 30 t. + H 14 t.); —

I. literal

1. of persons,
a. go, proceed, move, walk Gen 22:6; Gen 22:8; Exod 17:5; Amos 3:3; Zeph 1:17 + often; of cherubim Ezek 10:16 = living creatures Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:20; Ezek 1:21; Ezek 1:24 opposed to sitting(ישׁב) Deut 6:7; Deut 11:19 (both with בַּדֶּרֶךְ); || running (רוץ) Prov 4:12; Isa 40:31, compare also 2Chr 30:6 distinguished from riding, driving Gen 24:65 (J; followed by בַּשָּׂדֶה לִקְרָאתֵנוּ), Judg 5:10 (עַלהַֿדֶּרֶךְ), Isa 41:3 (בְּרַגְלָיו), compare Eccl 5:1 (followed by אֶל), Eccl 10:7 (followed by עַלהָֿאָרֶץ); on usage with preposition see below; but also || וַיִּרְכַּב 1Kgs 13:13; 1Kgs 18:45 compare 2Kgs 9:16 וַיֵּלֶךְ רֹכֵב הַסּוּס v2Kgs 9:18 (followed by לִקְרָאתוֺ); נְהַג וָלֵךְוַ֗֗֗תֵּלָךְ וַתָּבאֹ 2Kgs 4:24 drive and go forward. . . and she went, and came.
b. depart, go away: Gen 18:33 (J), and ׳י departed, Gen 34:17 (P) then we will take our daughter and depart; compare 1Sam 14:3; 1Sam 15:27; Exod 3:19 (J), Exod 12:28 (P) 2Kgs 5:25 +; go, go out (to a specific duty etc.): of Samuel 1Sam 7:16, Barak Judg 4:8 (twice in verse); go out, forth (opposed to שׁוּב) Ruth 1:21 +; = go into exile (without modifier) 1Chr 5:41 compare Jer 22:10 (הֹלֵךְ of one going into exile; opposed to death); see further אֲשֶׁר הָֽלְכוּ שָׁם Ezek 37:21.
c. less often where English idiom requires or prefers come, (approach, arrive), verb in Hebrew being referred to starting point; mostly with preposition (on usage with preposition in general see below): — לְכָה אֵלַי 1Sam 17:44 so in prayer to ׳י, וּלְכָה לִישֻׁעָ֫תָה לָ֫נוּ Ps 80:3 also in Yahweh's exhortations to Israel: Isa 55:1 (לַמַּיִם), vIsa 55:3 (אֵלַי); come to, arrive at a land (ָ ה locative) Gen 29:1 come unto (אֶל) a people Ruth 2:11 but compare especially (without preposition) Imperative followed by another Imperative, etc., see below 5 f, & particular cases like Num 22:6; Num 22:11; Num 22:17; Num 23:7 (twice in verse); Isa 55:1 (twice in verse) etc., where actual summons to approach the speaker.
d. with modifiers : (I) a. of space traversed: אֵת כָּלהַֿמִּדְבָּר Deut 1:19 (compare I. אֵת 2), כָּלהַֿבִּתְרוֺן 2Sam 2:29 especially with accusative דֶּרֶךְ way, Gen 35:3 (E) Num 20:17(JE) Deut 1:31; 2Sam 4:7; 1Kgs 13:12 (twice in verse); Jer 52:7 compare וְלֹא תָשׁוּב בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הָלָ֑כְתָּ 1Kgs 13:9 הֹלֵךְ דֶּרֶךְ = traveler Isa 35:8 followed by אֳרָחוֺת Judg 5:6 (song), participle construct הֹלְכֵי נְתִיבוֺת vJudg 5:6 goers of paths (wayfarers); c, accusative דֶּרֶךְ = journey Prov 7:19 β. with accusative of time Deut 2:14; 2Sam 2:32, compare Josh 5:6; Josh 14:10 also, with combination of ideas of space & time דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Exod 3:18 (+ בַּמִּדְבָּר see below) compare Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23; Exod 15:22 (all J E), Num 33:8 (P) 1Kgs 19:4. (2) with preposition: a. followed by בְּ of space (territory, country, etc.) in which בַּמִּדְבָּר Judg 11:16; Judg 11:18 compare וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּבַּיִת אַחַת הֵנָּה וְאַחַת הֵנָּה 2Kgs 4:35 and he walked in the house once hither, once thither; especially + accusative of time or distance (compare above) Josh 5:6; Josh 14:10 (both D) 1Kgs 19:4 בָּֽעֲרָבָה 2Sam 2:29 compare בַּיַּבָּשָׁה Exod 14:29 = Exod 15:19 (P ?); בְּתוֺךְ הָעֵמֶק Josh 8:13 (JE); followed by בְּ of way, path בְּדֶרֶךְ 1Kgs 18:6 (twice in verse) ׳בַּדּ Num 21:22 (JE) Josh 24:17 (E) Deut 1:33; Deut 2:27; Judg 18:6; 1Sam 28:22 לֹא תָשׁוּב לָלֶכֶת בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הָלַכְתָּ בָּהּ 1Kgs 13:17 (הָלַךְ of both going & coming); so often figurative, compare below II. 3; walk in the streets בִּרְחֹבֹת Lam 4:18, walk by the way ׳בַּדּ (opposed to יָשַׁב sit) Deut 6:7; Deut 11:19 β. followed by עַל, go or walk on (by) עַליַֿד הַיְאֹר Exod 2:5 עַלהַֿדֶּרֶךְ 1Sam 9:6 (i.e. set out, start, upon compare Dr); construct followed by לְ Judg 5:10. (3) go to, unto: a. followed by accusative, in general בְּכָלאֲֿשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ Gen 28:15 (J) whithersoever thou goest Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9 (D), compare 2Sam 7:9; 2Sam 8:6; 2Sam 8:14 = 1Chr 17:8; 1Chr 18:6; 1Chr 18:13 more definitely, to a land, with or without ארץ Judg 1:26; Judg 21:21; Jer 37:12 so figurative Hos 7:11 resort to (accusative) Asshur (|| קרא); to a city 1Sam 11:14; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 23:5; 1Kgs 2:8; 1Kgs 11:24; 1Kgs 12:1; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Kgs 14:4; 2Kgs 9:1; 1Chr 11:4; 2Chr 8:3; Ezra 8:31 to a house בַּיִת 2Sam 13:7; 2Sam 13:8, house of ׳י Ps 122:1 a field, Gen 27:5 (J; + Infinitive of purpose); valley of salt 2Chr 25:11. β. followed by ָ ה locative, אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31; Gen 12:5, פַּדֶּ֫נָת אֲרָם Gen 28:2; Gen 28:5; Gen 28:7 (all P) compare Gen 29:1 (E) Num 32:39 (JE) 2Sam 14:23 of city Gen 18:22; Gen 28:10 (both J) Judg 9:1; 1Sam 15:34; 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 19:22; 2Sam 15:9; 1Kgs 3:4; 1Kgs 18:45; 2Chr 10:1 of river Euphrates Jer 13:4; Jer 13:6; Jer 13:7 of a wood 1Sam 23:16 a mountain Josh 2:16 (JE); compare also אָ֫נָה הָֽלְכוּ whither have they gone Gen 16:8; Gen 32:18; Josh 2:5 (all J E) compare Neh 2:16; Song 6:1; Judg 19:17, אָ֫נֶה וָאָ֫נָה 1Kgs 2:42 (but also ׳אָן ה 1Sam 10:14); שָׁ֫מָּה Jer 40:4 but also שָׁם 1Sam 9:6; Jer 45:5 הֵ֫נָּה 2Kgs 4:35. γ. with preposition:
(a) most often followed by אֶלֿ unto,, e.g., unto the place, הַמָּקוֺם, Gen 22:3 (E) Gen 30:25 (J), etc.; of land Gen 22:2 (E) Gen 24:4; Gen 24:10 (J) Gen 36:6 (P) Josh 22:9 (D), etc.; of city Gen 22:19 (E) 1Sam 9:10; Jonah 3:3, etc.; of house Gen 24:38 (J) Eccl 7:2 (twice in verse); house of God Eccl 4:17 of people Exod 19:10 (E) etc.; in other designations of place, Josh 8:9 (JE), Ezra 10:6; Ruth 2:9,.etc., also followed by אֶל = against, of military expedition: Judg 1:10 against Canaanites; a city Judg 9:1; 1Kgs 22:15 = 2Chr 18:5; 2Chr 18:14 also followed by אֶל of individual persons Gen 26:1; Gen 26:26 (both J), Gen 41:55 (E) 2Kgs 6:22; 2Kgs 6:23; 2Kgs 22:14 = 2Chr 34:22; Jer 41:14 +; once with implicit coire cum femina Amos.Jer 2:7 (compare בּוֺא 1 e, p. 98); see especially לַהֲלֹךְ אֶלאֵֿל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Job 34:23 of judicial inquiry by God; come unto the speaker Num 22:16; Num 22:37 ( both J E), unto the one addressed Isa 60:14.
(b) rarely followed by עַלֿ unto (Jeremiah Kings Ezekiel) with בַּיִת 1Kgs 20:43, שָׂדֶה 1Kgs 2:26 (+ accusative of location), compare עַלכָּֿל אֲשֶׂר Jer 1:7, עַלאֲֿשֶׁר יִהְיֶה שָׁם Ezek 1:12 (of the רוּחַ; compare אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר יִהְיֶה שָׁ֫מָּה vEzek 1:20); also וַאֲנִיִ הוֺלֵךְ עַלֹ אֲשֶׁראֲֿנִי הוֺלֵךְ 2Sam 15:20 = I am going I know not where compare Lag^{Psalt. Hieron. 1874, 156 f.} Dr^Sm; see further Jer 3:6 (followed by both עַל & אֶל; on confusion of אֶל and לְַ see these words); followed by עַל against city 1Kgs 22:6, king 2Chr 22:5.
(c) followed by עַד as far as, unto, place עַדכֹּֿה Gen 22:5 (E), compare 1Kgs 12:30 (וַיֵּלְכוּ הָעָם לִפְנֵי הָאֶחָד עַד דָּ֑ן), 2Kgs 6:2; 2Kgs 10:25; 2Kgs 7:15 compare 2Chr 26:8 persons 1Sam 9:9.
(d) followed by לְ, to a land 1Kgs 10:13 etc.; a city 2Chr 8:17 a mountain 1Chr 4:42 a bamah 2Chr 1:3 compare לִמְבוֺא גְדֹר 1Chr 4:39 & see below; also before proper name of person Gen 24:56 (J); further לַמִּלְחָמָה Ezek 7:14 לְסִבְלֹתיכֶם Exod 5:4 (J) go to your burdens compare Isa 60:3, וְהַתּוֺדָה הַשֵׁנִית הַהוֺלֶכֶת לְמוֺאל Neh 12:38 the second thanksgiving choir, that went the opposite way; frequently לְדַרְכּוֺ etc., go (to, on) one's way Gen 19:2 (J) Gen 32:2 (E) Num 24:25; Josh 2:16 (both J E) Judg 18:26; 1Sam 1:18; 1Sam 26:25 +; לְמַסָּעָיו Gen 13:3 (J); compare הַהוֺלֵךְ לְמֶרְחֲבֵיאֶֿדֶץ Hab 1:6 that marcheth through the breath of the land (of invader); note especially in sense of depart to, go away to, almost = return to; וְהָלַכְתָּ לְאֹהָלָיךָ Deut 16:7 and thou shalt go (back) to thy tents, so Judg 19:6; Judg 20:8; 1Kgs 8:66; 1Kgs 12:16 = 2Chr 10:16 לְבֵיתוֺ 1Sam 10:26 compare 1Sam 14:8; 1Sam 23:18; 1Kgs 14:12; 1Chr 16:43 לִמְקוֺמוֺ 1Sam 2:20 (compare VB Dr) 1Sam 14:46 see also go away or off to 1Chr 4:42; 2Chr 8:17.
(e) followed by בְּ into בַּשָּׂדֶה Num 22:23 (of Balsam's ass); especially in בּשְּׁבִי ׳ה go into captivity Amos 9:4; Nah 3:10; Deut 28:41; Jer 20:6; Jer 22:22; Jer 30:16; Lam 1:18 (= שְׁבִי ׳ה vLam 1:5) compare Ezek 30:17; Ezek 30:18; Isa 46:2; Isa 48:11 בַּגּוֺלָה׳ה Jer 48:11; Ezek 25:3 see also בַּכְּלִמָּה ׳ה Isa 45:16 בַּמִּלְתָמָה ׳ה 1Sam 17:13 בַּקְּרָ֑ב ׳ה 2Sam 17:11 (but see Dr). (4) go from, depart from, followed by מִן, e.g. 1Kgs 2:41, etc., מִשָּׁם Gen 42:26 (E) 1Kgs 19:19 compare אָנָה אֵלֵךְ מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָ Ps 139:7 note especially הָלַךְ מֵעֵינָיו ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י Judg 6:21 compare 1Sam 14:17 (מֵעִמָנוּ), Hos 9:6 (מִשֹּׁד, from destruction; also followed by מֵאֵת of divorced woman Jer 3:1 (מֵאִתּוֺ), compare also Gen 26:31 (J), Josh 22:9 (?P) מֵאֵצֶל 1Kgs 20:36. (5) with preposition denoting other relations: — a. אֵת of accompaniment, אִתִּי ׳ה (on warlike expedition) Gen 14:24 compare 2Sam 15:11; Josh 10:24; Judg 1:3 (followed by בְּ into), Judg 7:4 (twice in verse), see also 1Sam 23:23; 2Sam 16:17 +. β. עִם Judg 4:8 (twice in verse); Judg 4:9 (twice in verse); Judg 7:4; Judg 11:8; 1Sam 30:22 (twice in verse); 2Sam 19:26; Num 22:13; Num 22:14 (JE) +. γ. בְּ with (compare בְּ III. 1, p. 89), especially Exod 10:9, compare Hos 5:6 ׳בְּצאֹנָם וּבִבְּקָרָם יֵלְכוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶתיֿ, of vain sacrifices; 2Chr 30:6 the runners went with (בְּ) letters. δ בְּקֶרֶב in the midst of, Exod 34:9 (JE). ε. לִפְנֵי in front of, before, before Cyrus Isa 45:2, (compare of fire & pestilence, below 3); of ׳י going before Israel Exod 13:21; Num 14:14, compare also Exod 23:23; Exod 32:34 & (in meaning) Exod 33:14 (פָּנַי יֵלֵ֑כוּ), vExod 33:15, Isa 52:12, with which camp. לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶ֑ךָ ׳וה Isa 58:8 of other gods Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (all J E); לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Gen 33:12 (J).

**לִפְנֵי ׳ה also (less often) = go (and present oneself) before a deity or shrine 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30 (compare בוא לפני Exod 28:30, קִדֵּם פְּנֵי Ps 95:2). ζ. with אַחַר go after, follow, persons Gen 37:17 (J) 2Kgs 7:15 אַחֲרֵי Gen 24:5; Gen 24:8; Gen 24:39; Gen 24:61 (all J), Josh 3:3 (D), Num 16:25 (JE) +; compare also II. 3 d (going after false gods, etc.); מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם Exod 14:19 (J). η. לְ with sense of dativus ethicus [dative of interest]: וַיֵּלֶךְ לוֺ אֶלאַֿרְצוֺ Exod 18:27 (E) and he gat him (betook himself) to his country; אֵ֫לֶךְ לִי אֶל Song 4:6 I will get me unto; וְנֵלְכָהלָֿנוּ 1Sam 26:11 and let us be gone, compare v1Sam 26:12, Song 2:11 (of rain compare infr, 3); Imperative in same construction: לֶךְלְֿךָאֶל Gen 22:2 (E) get thee unto, לְכוּ לָכֶם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶם Josh 22:4 (D) also לֶךְלְֿךָ מִן Gen 12:1 (J), & לְכִילָֿךְ Song 2:10; Song 2:13 get thee away, come away. θ adverbial phrases of manner with preposition:
(a) בְּ, בְּשָׁלוֺם ׳ה go in peace Gen 26:31(J) 1Sam 29:7; 2Sam 3:21; 2Sam 3:22; 2Sam 3:23; 2Sam 15:9 בְּכֹהַ הָאֲכִילָה הַהִיא ׳ה 1Kgs 19:8, בְּחֵמָה ׳ה 2Kgs 5:12 compare also 1Sam 17:39; Isa 52:12 בְּסַעֲרוֺת תֵּימָן ׳וְה Zech 9:14 of ׳י, and he shall go in (or with) storms of the south; בְּ pretii, הַהֹלְכִים בְּנַפְשׁוֺתָם 2Sam 23:17 who went at risk of their life (otherwise in || 1Chr 11:19); compare
(b) אֶל, אֶלנַֿפְשׁוֺ ׳ה 1Kgs 19:3 he went for his life. (c) לְ, לְרַגְלָהּ ׳ה 1Sam 25:42 go according to her foot, i.e. follow, attend her; לֵךְ לְשָׁלוֺם go to, for (in) peace Exod 4:18 (E) Judg 18:6; 1Sam 1:17; 1Sam 20:13; 1Sam 20:42; 2Kgs 5:19 וְהֹלְכִים לְתֻמָּם 2Sam 15:11. κ. with adjective or noun, agreeing with subject of verb, in accusative (Ges^{«GKC:118»§ 118}.5), sometimes where Latin & English use an attributive or appositive: walk barefoot 2Sam 15:30 walk naked and barefoot Isa 20:3 (with accusative of duration); ׳וַתֵּלַכְנָה נְטֻו֯וֺת גָּרוֺן רגו Isa 3:16 compare 1Kgs 8:66 also לֹא תֵלֵךְ רָכִיל בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ Lev 19:16 (H) thou shalt not walk as a slanderer among thy people, Jer 9:3, הוֺלֵךְ רָכִיל Prov 11:13; Prov 20:19 and even הֹלְכֵי רָכִיל Jer 6:28 (yet רכיל possibly abstract, ׳ר ׳ה walk in slander); with adverb accusative, construed more generally (Ges^{«GKC:118»§ 118}, 5.c., Ew^{§ 279 c}); ye shall not walk loftily (רוֺמָה) Mic 2:3 they shall come bending (שְׁחוֺחַ) Isa 60:14 and Agag came delicately (מַעֲדַנֹּת) 1Sam 15:32 compare also Lev 26:23 (II. 3b) Exod 3:21; 2Sam 17:18.

2. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations: הָלַךְ Nah 2:12 walk about, prowl (lions, figurative of rulers of Assyria); Prov 30:29 (see vProv 30:30 vProv 30:31, of three beasts & a king); walk, go, move ׳בִּמְסִלָּה אַחַת ה 1Sam 6:12 (of cows bringing ark), horses in Zechariah's vision Zech 6:7 וַיְבַקְשׁוּ לָלֶכֶת לְהִתְהַלֵךְ בָּאָרֶץ; of beasts & birds Jer 9:9, compare Jer 50:3 both man & beast, they are fled, they are gone; of flocks and herbs (מִקְנֶה) יֵלֵךְ עִמָּנוּ Exod 10:26 they shall go with us; מֵהר אֶלגִּֿבְעָה ׳ה Jer 50:6 they have gone from mountain to hill (Israel under figure of wandering sheep); in 1Sam 14:26 read probably הָלַךְ for הֵלֶךְ q. v.; especially in laws of clean & unclean Lev 11:20; Lev 11:21 every swarming winged thing that goeth on (הַהֹלֵךְעַל) all fours compare vLev 11:27 vLev 11:42 also vLev 11:27 everything that goeth on its paws, & vLev 11:42 everything that goeth on (its) belly, (all P), so of serpent Gen 3:14 on thy belly (עַלגְּֿחֹנְךָ) shalt thou go (J), compare also Jer 46:22 קוֺלָהּ כַּנָּחָשׁ יֵלֵךְ; (where apparently rel. clause, her voice like the serpent that moves, i.e. like the rustling sound of a gliding serpent, compare VB); locusts Josh 2:7 (אִישׁ בִּדְרָכָיו), vJosh 2:8 (גֶּבֶר בִּמְסִלָּתוֺ).

3. in like manner of inanimate things, as: the ark (הַתֵּבָה) Gen 7:18 (P; followed by עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם); ships 1Kgs 22:49 (followed by ָ ה locative) = 2Chr 20:36 (followed by accusative of limit), compare 2Chr 9:21 (followed by accusative) 2Chr 20:37 (אֶל); of אֳנִישַֿׁיִט Isa 33:21 lsgalley with oarsrs (followed by בְּ of place in which); wheels (in Ezekiel's vision) Ezek 1:17 (twice in verse); Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21; Ezek 10:11 (4 t. in verse); moon Job 31:26 wind Ps 78:39; Eccl 1:6 (twice in verse); of streams (הַנְחָלִים) = flow אֶלהַֿיָּם Eccl 1:7 compare אֶלמְֿקוֺם שֶׁהַנְחָלִים הֹלְכִים שָׁם הֵם שָׁבִים לָלֶכֶת vEccl 1:7 unto the place whither the streams flow, thither they flow again; also אֲפִיקִים, followed by מַיִם as accusative of that with which, Joel 4:18 || of hills flowing חָלָב, with milk; compare further figurative כָּלבִּֿרְכַּיִם תֵּלַכְנָה מַיִם Ezek 7:17; Ezek 21:12 all knees shall flow down in water, i.e. be as weak as water; נְהָרוֺת Ezek 31:4 (followed by סָבִיב); וְהָלַךְ עַלכָּֿלגְּֿדוֺתָיו Isa 8:7 i.e. overflow (|| עָלָה עַלכָּֿלאֲֿפִיקָיו) compare Josh 4:18 (JE); so of water (as SI⁴) Isa 8:6; 1Kgs 18:35 (הַמַּיִם סָבִיב לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַוַיֵּלְכוּ), Ps 105:41 (ָהלְכוּ בַּצִיּוֺת נָהָר, they flowed through dry regions as a river); (on Infinitive absolute used of waters of flood, Gen 8:3; Gen 8:5, compare below 4 c (4), (5)); of the sea הַיָּם הוֺלֵךְ וְסֹעֵר Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:13 was going on and being stormy = was growing more and more stormy (compare below 4 d); of wine (יַיִן) Song 7:10 that goeth down, for my beloved, smoothly (smile); also of lighting go, dart (בָּרָק) Job 38:35, so אֵשׁ Exod 9:23 (E) וַתִּהֲלַךְ אֵשׁ אָ֑רְצָה and fire darted to earth (on form, here & Ps 73:9 below, as intensive, of rapid motion, compare Thes Ew^{§ 138 b} Kö^{i. 415}); אֵשׁ לְפָנָיו תֵּלֵךְ Ps 97:3 of torches, in figure of violent breathing of crocodile יַהֲלֹ֑כוּ מִפִּיו לַפִּידִים Job 41:11 of sword אַחֲרַיִךְ תֵּ֫לֶךְ חָ֑רֶב % Jer 48:2, of arrow בָּרָק Job 20:25 drawn from a wound; of pestilence דֶּבֶר (personified) Ps 91:6 (בָּאֹפֶל), Hab 3:5 (לְפָנָיו); of fame שָׁמְעוֺ הוֺלֵךְ בְּכָלהַֿמְּדִינוֺת Esth 9:4 of the tongue (bad sense) וּלְשׁוֺנָם תִּהֲלַךְ בָּאָרֶץ Ps 73:9 (compare Exod 9:23 above; || שַׁתּוּ בַשָׁמַיִם פִּיהֶם); of sound of trumpet Exod 19:19 (Participle compare infra 4 d); of letters אִגְּרוֺת Neh 6:17 (followed by עַל, unto); of dew (טַל, || עֲנַןבֹּֿקֶר) simile of Israel's חסֶד Hos 6:4 compare Hos 13:3 like dew that passeth away; so of עָנָן Job 7:9 עָנָן וַיֵּלַ֑ךְכָּלָה; of rain הַגֶּשֶׁם חָלַף הָלַךְ לוֺ Song 2:11 the rain is over, it hath taken itself away; of ark of ׳) י׳אֲרוֺן י 1Sam 6:8 depart (compare also 5 d); of shadow on dial go forward 2Kgs 20:9 (opposed to שׁוּב; || נָטָה v2Kgs 20:20 & יַרַד Isa 38:8); grow, of wicked under figure of tress, יֵלְכוּ גַּםעָֿשׂוּ פֶּ֑רִי Jer 12:2 compare יֵלְכוּ יוֺנְקוֺתָיו Hos 14:3 his branches shall spread, said of Israel under figure of tree; of name (= fame) 2Chr 26:8 (followed by עַדלְֿבֹא מִעצרַיִם); also of a thing that does not actually move; וְהָלַךְ הַגְּבוּל אֶל Josh 17:7 and the boundary went unto etc., compare Josh 16:8 (followed by מִן & ָ ה locative); — in 2Kgs 13:21 and it (the dead body) went i.e. was let down into the grave, read וַיֵּלְכוּ for וַיֵּלֶךְ ᵐ5^L Th Klo, and they went away.

4. The Infinitive absolute is often used
a. as in other verbs, quite independently (Ges^{«GKC:113»§ 113}, 1): הֲגָנֹב ֗֗֗ וְהָלֹךְ אַחֲרִי אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים ... Jer 7:9 (series of 6 Infinitive absolute) (are there) stealing, murdering, and adultery and false swearing and incense-burning to the Baal, and going after other gods...? as object, וְלֹאאָֿבוּ בִדְרָכָיו הָלוֺךְ Isa 42:24 and they desired not walking in his ways; as apposition of object, Jer 23:14 I have seen ... an abominable thing, committing adultery and walking in lies (נָאוֺף וְהָלוֺךְ בַּשֶּׁקֶר); compare וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן הָלוֺךְ עָרוֺם וְיָחֵף Isa 20:2 and he did so, a walking naked and barefoot, where also two adverb. accusative modifying the Infinitive absolute (Ges^{«GKC:113»§ 113}, 2).
b. to intensify meaning of finite form of הָלַךְ (Ges^{«GKC:118»§ 118}, 3): (1) before finite verb הָלוֺךְ אֵלֵךְ עִמָּךְ Judg 4:9 I will surely go with thee, compare Jer 37:9 הָלֹךְ הָלַכְתָּ Gen 31:30 concessive, thou art indeed gone, הָעֵצִים הָּלוֺךְ חָֽלְכוּ Judg 9:8 introductory, the trees went forth on a time to anoint them a king. (2) after finite verb וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ 2Sam 3:24 and he is actually gone! (a grave impurdence to permit it!), ׳נֵלְכָה הָלוֺךְ לְחַלּוֺת אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Zech 8:21 let us by all means go to seek the favour of ׳י
c. most noteworthy is the joining of the Infinitive absolute (I) with a following Infinitive absolute denoting a simulaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance: a. both Infinitives preceding the finite verb, הָלוֺךְ וְטָפֹף תֵּלַכְנָהIsa 3:16 a going and atripping they go, i.e. they keep tripping as they go; so הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ יֵלֵ֑כוּ Jer 50:4 continually weeping they shall go; β. one Infinitive before, & one after the finite verb הָלוֺךְ יֵלֵךְ וּבָבֹה Ps 126:6 continually may one go weeping γ. elsewhere both after finite verb Josh 6:9 the rearguard was going (הֹלֵךְ) after the ark, continually blowing on the trumpets (הָלוֺךְ וְתָקוֺעַ בַּשּׁוֺפָרוֺת), compare vJosh 6:13 (where הָו֯לֹךְ cf, below; both J E), וַיֵּלֶךְ ֗֗֗ הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ 2Sam 3:16, of cows ץָהלְכוּ הָלוֺךְ וְגָעוֺ 1Sam 6:12 they went continually lowing, וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וְאָבֹל Judg 14:9 and he went on, eating as he went; הֹלְכִים הָלוֺךְ וְדַבֵּר 2Kgs 2:11 they were going on, talking as they went; in הֹלֵךְ הָלךְ וּבֹכֶה Jer 41:6, the participle בֹּכֶה is peculiar, read perhaps בָּכֹה, and for הֹלֵךְ read הֹלְכִים ᵐ5 Hi compare Gf. (2) with a following finite verb with ו consecutive (rare): הֹלְכִים הָלוֺךְ וְתקְעוּ Josh 6:13 (JE) they were going along continually blowing on the trumpets; וַתַּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וְזָעָ֑קָה 2Sam 13:19 and she went, crying out as she went; הֹלֵךְ הָ֗֗֗לוֺךְ וִיְקַלֵּל 2Sam 16:13 he went along . . . cursing as he went; so 1Sam 19:23 and he went on, prophesying as he went, until he came, etc. (3) in cases where finite verb is followed by Infinitive absolute + adjective denoting progress, advance: וַיֵּלֶךְ חָלוֺךְ וְקָרֵב 2Sam 18:25 and he came continually nearer (nearer & nearer); elsewhere with idea of actual motion lost from finite verb: וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וָרָ֑ב 1Sam 14:19 and he tumult kept growing greater and greater; so וְגָדוֺל וַיֵּלֶךְ דָּוִד הָלוֺךְ 2Sam 5:10 = 1Chr 11:9 compare Judg 4:24 and the hand of the sons of Israel kept growing more and more severe (וַתֵּלָךְ ֗֗֗ הָלוֺךְ וְקָשָׁה) upon Jabin; note especially וַיִּגְּדּל הָאִישׁ וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וְגָדֵל עַדבִּֿיֿ גָדַל מְאֹד Gen 26:13 (J) and the man grew great and kept on growing greater and greater until etc. (גָּדֵל particular adjective ). (4) twice, where finite verb is not הלך, but another verb denoting motion: וַיָּשֻׁבוּ הַמַּיִם ֗֗֗ הָלוֺךְ וָשׁוֺב Gen 8:3 (J) and he waters retired continually more and more; וַיִסַּע אַבְּרָם הָלוֺךְ וְנָסוֺעַ הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה Gen 12:9 (J) and Abram journeyed on continually further toward the south country. (5) quite by itself is Gen 8:5 (P) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר and he waters, they continually diminished (were a going and a diminishin; the Infinitive absolute being predicate). (6) 13 t. the Infinitive absolute = Imperative & is followed by Perfect consecutive (chiefly in Jeremiah): הָלוֺךְ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֫ 2Sam 24:12 go and speak, so Jer 35:2 וְאָמַרְתָּ֫ ׳ה go and say, Isa 38:5; Jer 28:13; Jer 34:2; Jer 35:13; Jer 39:16 וְקָרָאתָ ׳ה Jer 2:2; Jer 3:12 also וְרָחַצְתָּ֫ ׳ה 2Kgs 5:10 go and wash, וְקָנִיתָ׳ה Jer 13:1; Jer 19:1 go and buy, וְעָמַדְתָּ֫ ׳ה Jer 17:19 go and stand.
d. akin to the use of Infinitive absolute are some instances of Participle הֹלֵךְ + adjective (or participle): וַיֵּלֶךְ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הֹלֵךְ וְקָרֵב 1Sam 17:41 and the Philistine came continually nearer (compare 2Sam 18:25 above); in other cases as predicate, with same idea of growing, increasing: וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק וּבֵית שָׁאוּל הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים 2Sam 3:1 and David was growing stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul were growing weaker and weaker, compare 2Chr 17:12; Esth 9:4 (of individuals), 2Sam 15:12 (of people); + 2 adjective וְהַנַּעַד שְׁמוּאֵל הֹלֵךְ וְגָדֵל וָטוֺב 1Sam 2:26 compare (with different order) of wind, Eccl 1:6 goeth (הוֺלֵךְ)toward the south, and turneth about (סוֺבֵב) unto the north, the wind turneth about and about continually (סוֺבֵב סֹבֵב הוֺלֵךְ הָרוּחַ); of sea הַיָּם הוֺלֵךְ וְסֹעֵרJonah 1:11; Jonah 1:13 the sea was growing more and more stormy; also וַיְהִי קוֺל הַ שֹּׁפָר חוֺלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד Exod 19:19 and the sound of the trumpet kept growing louder and louder; & in metaphor אֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֺר נֹ֑גַהּ הוֺלֵךְ וָאוֺר עַדנְֿכוֺן הַיּוֺם Prov 4:18 the path of just men is like a shining light, growing lighter and lighter until the full day.

5. In combination with other verbal forms:
a. followed by Infinitive of purpose (with לְ) Gen 25:22; Gen 31:19; Gen 37:25 (all J E) Num 14:38 (P) Num 24:1 (JE), Judg 8:1; Judg 9:8; Judg 9:9; Judg 9:11; Judg 9:13 + often; especially לִקְרַאת ׳הּ go to meet Josh 9:11 (JE), 2Sam 19:16; 1Kgs 18:16 (twice in verse) +; sometimes with hostile sense 1Sam 23:28; 1Kgs 20:27; 2Kgs 23:29 also לָּשּׁובּ ׳הּ go to return, Exod 4:21 (RV go back), compare also שּׁובּ לָּלֶּכֶּתּ return again Eccl 1:7; Eccl 5:14 לָּבּוֺֿ ׳הּ go to come (enter etc.) Jer 41:17 compare 2Chr 26:8.
b. followed by finite verb go and do so and so: Gen 22:13; Gen 27:14; Exod 2:8; Exod 4:27; Exod 4:29 (all J E), Deut 13:7; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:3; Deut 24:2; = Mic 4:2; Jer 11:12 + often; וַיֵּלֶךְ וַּיָשָּׁבּ Exod 4:18 (E), יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב Deut 20:5; Deut 20:6; Deut 20:7; Deut 20:8, וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיָּשׁוּבוּ Judg 21:23 compare Hos 2:9; Hos 5:15 וַיָּבוֺא ׳ה went & came Num 13:26 (P), Ruth 2:3; 1Sam 22:5; 2Sam 11:22; 2Kgs 4:25 notably וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַךְ 2Kgs 3:7 and he went and sent.
c. following other verbs: וַיָּקֻמוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ Gen 22:19 (E) compare Gen 24:10 (J) Gen 43:8 (J) Num 16:25 (JE) Judg 4:9 נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה Gen 33:12 (J).
d. especially as result of action expressed in preceding verb, such as verb of sending, etc.: וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶתאֶֿחָיו וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ Gen 45:24 (E) compare Josh 1:16 (D) 1Sam 6:8; Job 38:35 also יִשָּׁאֵהוּ קָדִים וְיֵלַ֑ךְ Job 27:21 an east wind shall carry him off, and he shall depart; וַיְ גָָֽרֲשֵׁהוּ וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ Ps 34:1 (title). (compare depart also of inanimate things

3. above)
e. in longer series: וַיֵּלֶךְ וִיִּבְרַח וַיִּמָּלֵט 1Sam 19:12 וַיִּסַּע וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָשָׁב֗֗֗ וַיֵּשֶׁב 2Kgs 19:36 = Isa 37:37 compare Num 24:25 (JE); וַיָּקָם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָּבאֹ Judg 19:10 also וַיָּקָם וַיָּבאֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ 2Kgs 10:12. feminine oft; in Imperative foll by 2nd Imperative or equivalent, (1) לֵךְ קַחלִֿי Gen 27:13 (J) go, bring me (them), compare Hos 1:2 לְכוּ רְעוּ Gen 29:7 (J) go, feed (them), compare Gen 37:14; Gen 42:19; Exod 4:19 + (in all approximately 57 t.; only J E D in Hexateuch); but also (2) weakened to mere introductory word (as also above passim: especially 2Kgs 3:7 etc.), go to, or come, do (let us do) so & so; לְכָה נִכְרְתָה בְרִית Gen 31:44 come, let us make a compact, compare נַשְׁקֶה לְכָה Gen 19:32 (where subject feminine); לְכוּ וְנֵלְכָה 1Sam 9:9 come, and let us go, so v1Sam 9:10, 1Sam 11:14; Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2, compare Zech 6:7 +; even לֵךְ בּאֹ וְאֶשְׁלְחָה 2Kgs 5:5 go to, come, and let me send, compare Isa 22:15; Isa 26:20; Ezek 3:4; Ezek 3:11 further Judg 19:11; Judg 19:13; 1Sam 9:5; 1Kgs 1:12; Ps 34:5 + (in all approximately 49 t.; only J E in Hexateuch). (3) apparently intermediate, and shewing transition from (1) to (2) are: לָךְרֵֿד Exod 19:24; Exod 32:7 compare Judg 18:2 לְכוּ סֻרוּ רְדוּ 1Sam 15:6 לֵךְ עֲלֵה מִוֶּךְ Exod 33:1 לְכוּ וְהִתְהלְּכוּ בָּאָרֶץ Josh 18:8 & לְכוּ בּאֹוּ אַרְצָה Gen 47:17 compare 1Sam 22:5; 1Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 7:9 see further לֵכְנָה שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8 & שֹׁבְנָה לֵכְןָ vRuth 1:12 also 2Sam 3:16; 1Kgs 19:15; 1Kgs 19:20 + (in all approximately 36 t.)

II. Figurative; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:

1. pass away, die; in phrases denoting or implying death (compare Arabic perish); וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִּי הוֺלֵךְ הַיּוֺם בְּדֶרֶךְ בָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Josh 23:14 (D) lo, I am going to-day the way of all the eath compare 1Kgs 2:2 perhaps also Gen 15:2 (JE) I pass away childless, but possibly below 2 below; also 2Sam 12:23 I am going (אֲנִי הֹלֵךְ) to him 2Sam 12:23 so of mankind דּוֺרהֹלֵךְ וְדוֺר בָּא Eccl 1:4 more explicitly, הַּכֹּל הוֺלֵךְ אֶלמָֿקוֺם אֶחָ֑ד הַכֹּל הָיֶה מִן הֶעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶלהֶֿעָפָר Eccl 3:20 compare Eccl 6:6 also בִּשְׁאוֺל אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה הֹלֵךְ שָׁ֑מָּה Eccl 9:10, & אֶלבֵּֿית עוֺלָמוֺ הֹלֵךְ הָאָדָם Eccl 12:5 compare בְּטֶדֶם אֵלֵךְ וְאֵינֶנִּי Ps 39:14 before I depart and be not; so according to some 2Chr 21:20 but compare below 3 a (2); once with weaker sense followed by infinitive, חִנֵּה אָנֹכִי הוֺךֵלךְ לָמוּת Gen 25:32 (J).

2. live ('walk'), in general (compare Pi`el Hithpa`el) (usually in poetry, with modifying words): צַלְמָוֶת כִּיאֵֿלֵךְ בְּנֵיא Ps 23:4 though I walk in a valley of deep darkness; compare Ps 138:7 & אֵ֫לֶךְ השֶׁךְ Job 29:8 קֹדֵר אֵלֵךְ Ps 42:10 חֲשֵׁכִים ׳ה Isa 50:10, see also Ezek 3:14 perhaps also Gen 15:2 compare 1 above; יֵלְכוּ מֵחַיִל אֶלחָֿ֑יִל Ps 84:8 they go from strength to strength; יֵלֶךְ בֶּטַח הוֺלֵךְ בַּתֹּם Prov 10:9 especially

3. of moral and religious life; יְיַשֶּׁרלָֿ֑כֶת Prov 15:21 he maketh straight to walk (walketh straight, upright); particular
a. walk in (בְּ) ways (counsels, statutes, etc.), (1) in good sense: (α) בְּדֶרֶךְ תָּמִים ׳ה Ps 101:6, compare Isa 30:21; Jer 6:16; 1Kgs 8:36 = 2Chr 6:27 (β) in (בְּ) ways of ׳י especially D: Deut 8:6 (|| לְיִרְאָה אֹתוֺ) compare Deut 10:12; Deut 11:22 (|| ׳לְאַהֲבָה אֶתיֿ etc.), Deut 28:9 (|| ׳שָׁמַר מִצְוֺת י); see also Deut 13:15 +; 1Kgs 11:33 (followed by לַעֲשׂוֺת), v1Kgs 11:38 (followed by וְעָשִׂיתָ) 2Kgs 21:22; Ps 119:3; Ps 128:1 בְּאֹרְחֹתָיו Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2 further (followed by דֶּרֶךְ) Judg 2:17 (γ) in commandments of ׳י 2Chr 17:4 (δ) in his law(s) (תּוֺרָה) Exod 16:4; Exod 16:14 (J) 2Kgs 10:31; Jer 9:12; Jer 44:23 (+ בְּחֻקֹּת & בְּעֵדְוֺת), 2Chr 6:16; Dan 9:10, compare Neh 10:30 (of אֱלֹהִים); (ε) in his ordinances, statutes (חֻקּוֺת) Lev 26:3; 1Kgs 6:12; Jer 44:10; Jer 44:23 (see above), Ezek 5:6; Ezek 5:7; Ezek 11:20; Ezek 18:9; Ezek 18:17; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:21, compare בְּחֻקּוֺת חַיִּים Ezek 33:15 also בְּחֻקֵּי 1Kgs 8:61; Ezek 11:12; Ezek 36:27 (ζ) in his judgments (מִשְׁפָּטִים) Ps 89:31; Ezek 37:24 (η) ordinances of David 1Kgs 3:3, compare also below; (φ) in way(s) of good man 1Sam 8:3; 1Sam 8:5; 2Chr 21:12, of David 2Chr 11:17; 2Chr 34:2, of David & Solomon 2Chr 17:3. (2) in bad sense, (α) in (evil) ways with בְּ 2Kgs 21:21; Ezek 16:47; Ezek 23:31; 2Chr 22:3 compare also (probably) 2Chr 21:20 חֶמְדָּה וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּלאֹ and he lived undesirably (compare ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Kmp Öttli); > others he departed (died) unregretted, so AV RV; (β) followed by accusative 2Kgs 21:21; Jer 18:15 (נְתִיבוֺת ׳ה); (γ) with adverb. accusative הּוֺלֵךְ עִקְּשׁוּת פֶּה Prov 6:12 one walking in perversity (falseness) of mouth (compare צְדָקוֺת Isa 33:15); (δ) in (בְּ)ordinances, statutes (חֻקּוֺת) of bad men Lev 18:3; Lev 20:23 (both H) 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:19; Ezek 20:18 (בְּחוּקֵּי).
b. walk with (אֶת, עִם) i.e. associate, be familiar with: בְּשָׁלוֺם אִתִּי ׳וּבְמִישׁוֺר ה Mal 2:6 in peace and uprightness he walked with me (׳י); הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִםאֲֿלֹהֶיךָ Mic 6:8 but also of people at variance with ׳י וַהֲלְכְתֶּם עִמִּי קֶ֑רִי Lev 26:23 compare vLev 26:27 vLev 26:40 & of ׳י at variance with people וְהָלַכְתִּי ֗֗֗ עִמָּכֶם בְּקֶ֑רִי vLev 26:24 compare vLev 26:28 (all H); with men, אֶתהֲּֿכָמִיםLev 13:20 עִם אַנְשֵׁי רֶשַׁע Job 34:8 compare walk with (עִם) vanity Job 31:5.
c. walk before ׳י (׳לִפְנֵי י; with בֶּאֱמֶת, בְּכָללִֿבָּם etc.) 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 3:6; 1Kgs 8:23; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 9:4; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 7:17 compare ׳קְדֹרַנִּית מִפְּנֵי י׳ה Mal 3:14 walk before the living (i.e. walk aright before them) Eccl 6:8.
d. walk, go, after (אַהֲּדֵי) (1) ׳י Deut 13:5; 1Kgs 14:8; Jer 2:2; Hos 11:10 +; (2) other gods, Judg 2:12 especially D: Deut 4:3; Deut 6:14; Deut 8:19; Deut 13:3; Deut 28:14; Deut 7:6; Deut 8:2; Deut 11:10; Deut 16:11; Deut 25:6 +; compare go & serve other gods Josh 23:16; Deut 13:7; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:3; Deut 29:17 (compare Deut 28:14 above); (3) things which do not profit Jer 2:8 (4) vanity Hos 5:11 (reading שָׁוְא compare VB); see also Amos 2:4.
e. walk in (1) one's integrity, etc., בְּתֻמִּי Ps 26:11 compare Ps 84:12; Prov 10:9, see also תָּמִים ׳ה Ps 15:2, הֹלְכֵי תֹם Prov 2:7 (2) bad sense, in (בְּ) sin 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:26; 1Kgs 15:34; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 16:26; 2Kgs 13:6; 2Kgs 13:11 + (especially of wicked kings); (evil) counsel 2Chr 22:5 compare Ps 1:1. feminine (1) לֵב as subject, (a) = thoughts, לֹא לִבִּי הָלַךְ 2Kgs 5:26 did not my thoughts go forth; (β) evil inclination, Job 31:7 אֶללֵֿב שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם ֗֗֗ לִבָּם הֹלֵךְ Ezek 11:21 followed by אַהֲרֵי גִלּוּלֵיהֶם Ezek 20:16, אַחֲרֵי בִצְעָם Ezek 33:31 (2) נֶפֶשׁ = desire, טוֺב מַרְאֵה עֵינַיִם מֵהֲלָךְנֶֿפֶשׁ Eccl 6:9 better is sight of the eyes than outgoing of desire

4. other figurative uses: depart from מִפְּנֵי Hos 11:2 (from prophets as God's messengers; opposed to קָרָא); go into, הָֽלְכוּ בַכְּלִמָּה Isa 45:16 they have gone into confusion (judgment on idol-makers); etc. Niph`al Perfect 1 singular כְּצֵל כִּנְטוֺתוֺ נֶהֱלָ֑כְּתִּי Ps 109:23 like a shadow when it stretches out I am gone (compare היה Niph`al) Pi`el (chiefly in poetry & late) Perfect הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Ps 131:1 הִלָּ֑כְּתִּי Ps 38:7 3 plural הִלְּכוּ Job 24:10; Lam 5:18 Imperfect יְהַלֵךְ Ezek 18:9 + 2 t.; וַיְהַלֵּךְ 1Kgs 21:27 1 singular אֲהַלֵךְ Ps 86:11 + 2 t.; 3 masculine plural יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ Hab 3:11 + 2 t.; יְהַלֵּכ֑וּן Ps 89:16 + 2 t.; 1 plural נְהַלֵךְ Ps 55:15; Isa 59:9 Imperative הַלֵךְ Eccl 11:9 Participle מְהַלֵךְ Prov 6:11; Ps 104:3 מְהַלְּכִים Eccl 4:15 —

1. walk in or with a throng followed by בְּ local: נְהַלֵךְ בְּרָ֑גֶשׁ ׳בְּבֵית א Ps 55:15 walk, tread on coals עַלהַֿגֶּחָלִים Prov 6:28 of idols Ps 115:7 they do not walk, have not the power of walking (compare יִצְעָ֑דוּ Jer 10:5); of one tramping, formidable, simile of poverty וּבָאכִֿמְהַלֵּךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ Prov 6:11, — a highwayman according to Ges Ew Hi Now, compare ᵐ5; || מַחְסֹרְךָ כְּאִישׁ מָנֵן compare also Hithpa`el Prov 24:34); of ׳י walking (in majesty), marching, לְַכַּֿנְפֵי רוּחַ Ps 104:3 on the wings of the wind; of righteousness, personified, צֶדֶק לְפָנָיו יְהַלֵךְ Ps 85:14 of wisdom בְּאֹרַה צְדָקָה אֲהַלֵךְ Prov 8:20 in the path of righteousness do I walk (stedfastly, unswervingly); of animals, go about, prowl, עַל הַרצִֿיּוֺן שֶׁח֯שָּׁמֵם שׁוּעָלִים הִלְּכוּ ב֑וֺ (Qr שֶּׁשָּׁמֵם) Lam 5:18, of ships, in (stately) movement Ps 104:26 of springs Ps 104:10 between mountains they go (run, flow); of arrows Hab 3:11 at the light of thine arrows that go (fly, shoot; compare Hithpa`el Ps 77:18).

2. also of walking about = living הַמְֿהַלְּכִים תַּחַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Eccl 4:15 עָרוֺם הִלְּכוּ בְּלִי לְבוּשׁ Job 24:10 nacked they keep going about (frequently), without clothing; so of going about as mourner קֹדֵר הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Ps 38:7 (compare Qal Ps 42:10); בַּאֲפֵלוֺת נְהַלֵךְ Isa 59:9 in darkness we walk (of distress); on the other hand בְּאוֺר פָּנֶיךָ יְהַלֵּכ֑וּן Ps 89:16 (of blessedness & prosperity).

3. depart, go entirely away (מִן) מִמְּקוֺם קָדוֺשׁ יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ Eccl 8:10 from the holy place they must depart (on text compare VB; || וְיִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ בָעִיר).

4. figurative of mode of life, action, etc.: of particular path of one's life בְּאֹרַחזֿוּ אֲהַלֵךְ Ps 142:4 specifically in good sense וַיְהַלֵּךְ אַ֑ט 1Kgs 21:27 and he (Ahad) walked softly (as a penitent); oftener with בְּ of path in which: בִּדְרָכַי יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ Ps 81:14 that in my ways they would walk ! compare Ps 86:11 (בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ), Ezek 18:9 (בְּחֻקּוֺתַי); in bad or doubtful sensse וְהַלֵךְ בְּדַרְכֵי לִבְּךָ וּבְמַרְאֵי עֵינֶי֑ךָ Eccl 11:9 compare also לֹא הִלַּכְּתּי בִּגְדֹלֹת Ps 131:1 I do not walk (move, tread) among great things (|| וּבְנִפְלָאוֺת מִמֶּנִּי; figurative of humility, compare also v^a). Hithpa`el Perfect הִתְהַלָּךְֿ Gen 6:9; 1Sam 30:31 וְהִתְהַלֵךְ consecutive Exod 21:19; 1Sam 2:35 2 masculine singular הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתָּ Ezek 28:14; Job 38:16 1 singular הִתְהַלַּכְּתִּי Gen 24:40 + 5 t., etc.; Imperfect יִתְהַלֵךְ Prov 23:31 יִתְהַלָּ֑ךְ Job 18:8; Job 22:14 1 singular אֶתְהַלֵּךְ Ps 43:2 + 2 t.; וְאֶתְהַלְּכָה Ps 119:45 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלְּכוּ 1Sam 2:30 + 2 t.; וַיִּתְהַלְּכוּ Judg 21:24 + 3 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ 1Sam 23:13 + 3 t.; יִתְהַלָּכ֑וּן Ps 12:9 3 feminine plural וַתִּתְהַלַּכְנָה Zech 6:7, etc.; Imperative הִתְהַלַּךְ Gen 13:17; Gen 17:1 הִתְהַלְּכוּ Josh 18:8; Zech 6:7 Infinitive (לְ)הִתְהַלֵּךְ Ps 56:14 + 4 t.; suffix הִתְהַלֶּכְךָ Prov 6:22 Participle מִתְהַלֵּךְ Gen 3:8 + 7 t.; feminine singular מִתְהַלֶּכֶת Ezek 1:13 masculine plural מִתְהַלְּכִים 1Sam 25:27 — walk, walk about, move to and fro:

1. literal
a. traverse, in this direction and that, Gen 13:17 (J; בָּאָרֶץ) Josh 18:4 (JE), vJosh 18:8 (id.; ׳בָּאָרֶץ לְכוּ וְהִתְה compare Job 1:7 = Job 2:2 (both || שׁוּט) Zech 1:10; Zech 1:11 similarly also 1Chr 21:4 of fiery appearance in Ezekiel's vision בֵּין הַחַיּוֺת ׳מִתְה Ezek 1:13 of horses in Zechariah's vision Zech 6:7 (בָּאָרֶץ ׳לָלֶכֶת לְהִתְ), vZech 6:7 (׳לְכוּ הִתְהַלְּכוּ בָּא), vZech 6:7 go in different directions מִשָּׁם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ֗֗֗ אִישׁ לְשִׁבְטוֺ ׳וַיִּתְה Judg 21:24 (|| וַיֵּצְאוּ מִשָּׁם etc.); so of lightning flashes as arrows of ׳י Ps 77:18 went hither & thither; of water running off different ways Ps 58:8 (simile of vanishing of wicked).
b. walk, walk about הִתְהַלֵךְ בַּחוּץ עַלמִֿשְׁעַנְתּוֺ Exod 21:19 (JE) i.e. leaning upon his staff; Prov 6:22 (distinguished from שָׁבַב, חֵקִיץ); 2Sam 11:2 (עַלגַֿנּ בֵּית הַמֶּלָךְ); וּבְחֵקֶר תְּהוֺם הִתְהֵלָּ֑כְתָּ Job 38:16 and in the farthest ground of the deep hast thou walked ? בְּתוֺךְ אַבְנֵיאֵֿשׁ הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתָּ Ezek 28:14 so also of ׳י walking on earth, in anthropomorphic conception אֱלֹהִים מִתְהַלֵךְ ׳קוֺל י בַּגָּן Gen 3:8 (J) the sound of ׳י Elohim walking about in the garden; of God (El) וְחוּג שָׁמַיִם יִתְהַלָּ֑ךְ Job 22:14 and the vault of heaven he walketh; walk about in front of (לִפְנֵי) Esth 2:11 attend, follow, of retainers הַמִּתְהַלְּכִים בְּרַגְלֵי אֲדֹנִי 1Sam 25:27 wander, of Israel מִגּוֺי אֶלגּֿוֺי Ps 105:13 = 1Chr 16:20 rove about, of David and his band אֲשֶׁרהִֿתְהַלֶּךְשָֿׁם 1Sam 30:31 וַיִּתְהַלְּכוּ בַּאֲשֶׁר יִתְּהָלָּ֑כוּ 1Sam 23:13 (on this phrase compare Lag^{Psalt. Hleron. 1874, 156 f.} Dr^Sm); walk about, prowl, of Jehoiachin under figure of lion, ׳וַיִתְה בְּתוֺךְאֲֿרָיוֺת Ezek 19:6 compare also וּבָאמִֿתְהַלֵךְ רֵישֶׁ֑ךָ Prov 24:34 and thy poverty cometh marching (compare Pi`el Prov 6:11); glide, flow of wine בְּמֵישָׁרִים ׳יִתְה Prov 23:31 glideth down smoothly (VB; compare Qal 3 Song 7:10); note especially the following, where emphasis lies not on verb, but on an auxiliary word; these cases form the natural transition to the figurative use: — Ps 12:9 on every side wicked men are walking; בְּצֶלֶם יִתְהָלֶּךְאִֿישׁ Ps 39:7 in appearance (semblance, literally image compare Che^{critical note}.) walketh a man; also לָמָּה קֹדֵר אֶתְהַלֵךְ Ps 43:2 (compare Qal Ps 42:10, Pi`el Ps 38:7; Job 30:28).

2. figurative walk about = live; the king before (לִפְּנֵי) his people 1Sam 12:2, so of Samuel v1Sam 12:2 of priest 1Sam 2:35 (לִפְנֵי מְשִׁיחִי); of friendly intercourse with (אֶת) men 1Sam 25:15 compare כְּרֵעַ כְּאָחלִֿי הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי Ps 35:14 of man's relation to God: especially followed by לִפְנֵי, לְפָנָי וֶהְיֵהתָמִים ׳ה Gen 17:1 (P) walk before me (live constantly in my presence) and (so) be perfect, compare Gen 24:40 (J), Gen 48:15 (E); לְפָנֶיךָ בֶּאֱמֶת וּבְלֵבָכ שָׁלֵם ׳ה 2Kgs 20:3 = Isa 38:3 as token of divine favour יִתְהַלְּכוּ לְפָנַי עַדעֿוֺלָם 1Sam 2:20 (see especially Dr, on sense here & elsewhere); Ps 116:9 בְּאַרְצוֺת הַחַיִּים ׳אֶתְּהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי י, Ps 56:14 (בְּאוֺר הַחַיִּים); בִּשְׁמוֺ ׳יִתְה Zech 10:12 they shall walk in his name; with אֶת, of Enoch and Noah אֶתהָֿאֱלֹחִים ׳ה Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9 (denoting intimacy, fellowship: all P); further בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ ׳ה Ps 26:3 I have walked in thy faithfulness; בְּתֻמּוֺ ׳מִתְה צַדִּיק Prov 20:7 he that walketh justly in his (own) integrity; בְּתָםלְֿבָבִי בְּקֶרֶב בֵּיתִּי ׳אֶתְה Ps 101:2 compare also Ps 119:45 and let me walk in a large place (untrammelled, undismayed); of the wicked מִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּאֲשָׁמָיו Ps 68:22 onegoing on in his guilty deeds; ׳בַּחֲשֵׁכָה יִתְה Ps 82:5 they walk in darkness (|| לֹא יָָֽדְעוּ וְלֹא יָבִינוּ); of their exposure ׳עַלשְֿׁבָכָה יִתְה Job 18:8 he walketh on net-work, (snare, compare שׂבכה; || שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו); especially of ׳י as accompanying Israel בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֶךָ ׳מִתְח Deut 23:15 walk in the midst, etc., בְּתוֺכְכֶם Lev 26:12; 2Sam 7:7 wherever (בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר) I have walked with (among בְּ) all (the sons of) Israel = 1Chr 17:6 as inhabiting a tent, on the march, וָּאֶהְיֶה מִתְהַלֵּךְ בְּאֹהֶל וּבְמִשְׁכָּ֑ן 2Sam 7:6 and I was walking in a tent and in a tabernacle. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺלִיךְ (as if from ילך, i.e. a verb פו֞, compare references below Qal Imperfect above) 2Kgs 24:15 suffix הוֺלִיכְךָ Deut 8:2, וְהוֺלִיכוֺ consecutive Prov 16:29, etc.; Imperfect יוֺלִיךְ Eccl 10:20, יוֺלִךְ Jer 32:5 jussive יוֺלֵךְ Deut 28:36 שֶׁיֹּלֵךְ Eccl 5:14 וַיּוֺ֫לֶךְ Exod 14:21 וַיֹּ֫לֶךְ 2Kgs 6:19 + 2 t.; וַיֹּלַ֖ךְ Lam 3:2 suffix וִיּוֺלִכֵּ נִי Ezek 40:24; Ezek 43:1; Ezek 47:6 1 singular אוֺלִיךְ 2Sam 13:13; Ezek 32:14, cohortative וְאוֺלִיכָה 2Kgs 6:19, וָאוֺלֵךְ Amos 2:10 + 3 t., etc.; Imperative הוֺלֵךְ Num 17:11 feminine singular הֵילִיכִי Exod 2:9 (Bö^{ii. 461, § 1103};; but read probably הוֺלִיכִי Ol^{§ 256, b} Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, 2, R 8); masculine plural הֹלִיכוּ 2Kgs 17:27 Infinitive suffix לְהֹלִיכוֺ 2Chr 36:6 Participle מוֺלִיךְ Jer 2:6 + 4 t.; suffix מוֺלִיכְךָ Deut 8:15, מוֺלִכֵךְ Jer 2:17 מוֺלִיכָם Isa 63:13 feminine plural מוֺלִכוֺת Zech 5:10 —

1. lead, bring: followed by accusative usually of person;
a. with בְּ of space or region through which, Deut 8:15 (Israel in wilderness) Jer 2:6; Ps 136:16, so also Isa 48:21 בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ Jer 2:17 compare Josh 24:3 (E), Isa 63:13; Ps 106:9 also figurative Isa 42:16 and I will lead (the) blind in a way (בְּדֶרֶךְ) they know not;
b. with accusative of person, בְּ of space + accusative of time וָאוֺלֵךְ אֶתְכֶם אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה בַּמִּדְבָּר Deut 29:4 so Amos 2:10 (followed by Infinitive of purpose with לְ).
c. followed by accusative of person + accusative of way, road, Deut 8:2, compare דֶּרֶךְ הַדָּרוֺם Ezek 40:24 (accusative of direction).
d. followed by accusative of person + accusative of place or condition to which אֶתנְֿשֵׁי הַמֶּלֶךְ ֗֗֗ הוֺלִיךְ גּוֺלָה 2Kgs 24:15 the women of the king, etc., he led into exile (מִירוּשָׁלְם בָבֶ֑לָה); so also, of exile וְהוֺלַכְּתִּיהָ הַמִּדְבָּר Hos 2:16 בָּבֶל Jer 32:5 compare of Yahwesh's chastisement, Lam 3:2 me hath he driven and brought, into darkness and not into light; followed by accusative of person + אֶלגֿוֺי ׃אל etc. Deut 28:36 (of exile); אֶלנַֿחֲלֵימַֿיִם Jer 31:9 אֶלהַֿשַּׁעַר Ezek 43:1 אֶלהָֿעֵדָה Num 17:11 (P; implicit object being censer); אֶל of person 2Kgs 6:19; Jer 52:26, עַל in || 2Kgs 25:20 עַל also 1Kgs 1:38 וַיֹּלִכוּ אֹתוֺ עַלגִּֿיחוֺן (see below עַל 7 c β).
e. followed by accusative of person + ָ ה locative: שֹׁמְרֹ֫נָה 2Kgs 6:19 בָּבֶּ֫לָה 2Chr 33:11; 2Chr 36:6 (compare 2Kgs 24:15 above); compare שָׁ֫מָּה 2Kgs 17:27.

2. lead away followed by accusative of person + apposition; מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל Job 12:17 he (׳י) leadeth away counsellors despoiled compare vJob 12:19 of Yahweh's judgment on the wicked Ps 125:5 ׳י will lead them away with (אֶת) the workers of iniquity.

3. carry, bring: with object helpless, or inanimate:
a. + accusative of location, Josiah to Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַם) 2Chr 35:24 (וַיְבִיאֻהוּ in || 2Kgs 23:30); compare Zech 5:10 whither are these carrying the ephah? אָ֫נָה אוֺלִיךְ אֶתחֶֿרְפָּתִי 2Sam 13:13.
b. carry, take, take away, חֵילִיכִי אֶתהַֿיֶּלֶד Exod 2:9 (E; on form compare above); also carry away בְּיָדוֺ, in his hand, Eccl 5:14 of the spread of a careless speech Eccl 10:20 fowl of the heavens shall carry the voice (|| בַּעַל ה֯כְּנָפַיִם יַגֵּיד דָּבָר).

4. figurative, of influence on character: with accusative of person + בְּ into: Prov 16:29 and he will lead him into a way

that is not good (i.e. sinful).

5. a. cause to walk, go, men (i.e. עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל) on (עַל) the mountains of Israel Ezek 36:12 (|| וִירֵשׁוּךָ, וְהָיִיתָ לָהֶם לְנַחֲלָה); compare וָאוֺלֵךְ אֶתְכֶם קוֺמֲמִיּוּת Lev 26:13 and I caused you to walk upright (figurative; opposed to being bowed down by a yoke); Isa 63:12 that caused his glorious arm to go at (לְ) the right hand of Moses.
b. cause to flow, run Ezek 32:14 and rivers like oil will I cause to flow.
c. cause to depart, retire, go back, ׳י, the sea, Exod 14:21 (בְּ instrumental, בְּרוּחַ קָדִים).

BDB4419 H1980

לְךָ = לְכָה Imperative of הָלַךְ q. v.

BDB4423 H1980

לְכָה, לֵ֑כָה Imperative from הָלַךְ q. v.; לְכָה also for לְךָ to thee Gen 27:37.

go, went, walk, walked, come, …

hālak

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

to go, walk, come

(Qal)

to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away

to walk

to traverse

בְּ תֽוֹרֹתָי ו֙

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

תֽוֹרֹתָי

Root word law, laws

ו֙

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: תּוֹרָה · toh-RAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: in his laws

the law ×41 of the law ×28 law ×26 is the law ×21 thy law ×18 in the law ×17 my law ×8 and the law ×4

More options

law — Modernized KJV standard; broad legal or covenantal context.

instruction — Captures the teaching/guidance sense beyond mere rule.

teaching — Emphasizes oral or written guidance passed down.

Torah — Retain Hebrew term when specifically referencing the Mosaic corpus.

regulation — Prefer for specific legal statutes or codes.

directive — Useful for divine commands with a guiding purpose.

BDB3726 H8451 H8452

תּוֺרָה noun feminine^{Deut 1:5} direction, instruction, law (possibly in first instance from casting lots, We^{G i, 470; H 394} (less confidently We^{Skizzen iii, 167}), SS Sm^{AT Rel. Geschichte. 36} Benz^{Archaeology 408} Now^{Archaeology ii, 97, opposed to by} Kö^{Offenb. ii, 347} Baud^{Priesterthum 207}); — ׳ת, Exod 12:49 + 88 t.; construct תּוֺרַת Exod 13:9 + 65 t.; suffixes תּוֺרָתִי Ps 78:1 + 16 t.; תֹּרָר֯תְךָ Jer 32:23 תֹּרָתוֺ Jer 44:23 + 34 t. suffixes; plural תּוֺרוֺת Neh 9:13 תּוֺרֹת Isa 24:5 + 2 t.; suffix תּוֺרֹתַי Ezek 44:24 תּוֺרֹתָ֯ו Ezek 43:11; Ezek 44:5 + 5 t. suffixes; —

1. instruction:
a. human: of a mother Prov 1:8; Prov 6:20; Prov 6:23 of a father Prov 3:1; Prov 4:2; Prov 7:2 of sages Prov 13:14; Prov 28:4 (twice in verse); Prov 28:7; Prov 28:9; Prov 29:18 of a poet Ps 78:1 תּוֺרַת חֶסֶד kind instruction (of a wise wife) Prov 31:26.
b. divine || אֲמָרִים Job 22:22 through his servants Isa 30:9; Jer 8:8 || אִמְרָה Isa 5:24 || דָּבָר Isa 1:10 || תְּעוּדָה Isa 8:16; Isa 8:20 || חָזוֺן Lam 2:9 plural תורות Dan 9:10.
c. a body of prophetic (or sometimes perhaps priestly) teaching Isa 42:21; Isa 42:24; Jer 9:12; Jer 16:11 in the heart Isa 51:7; Ps 37:31; Ps 40:9 || משׁפט Hab 1:4 || משׁפטים Ps 89:31 || דְּבָרִים Jer 6:19; Jer 26:4; Zech 7:12 || חקים Amos 2:4 || חקות Jer 44:10; Jer 44:23 myriads of precepts Hos 8:12.
d. instruction in Messianic age Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:4; Isa 42:4; Isa 51:4; Jer 31:33.
e. a body of priestly direction or instruction relating to sacred things Hos 4:6; Jer 2:8; Jer 18:18; Ezek 7:26; Hag 2:11; Mal 2:6; Mal 2:7; Mal 2:8; Mal 2:9; Zeph 3:4; Ezek 22:26 || לֹא תוֺרָה לֹא כֹּחֵן מוֺרֶה 2Chr 15:3.

2. law (properly direction): namely
a. of special laws, singular of Feast of Maƒƒoth Exod 13:9 (J), sabbath Exod 16:4 (J); of direction given by priests in particular case Deut 17:11 of statutes of priest's code Exod 12:49 (P), Lev 6:2; Lev 6:7; Lev 6:18; Lev 7:1; Lev 7:7; Lev 7:11; Lev 7:37; Lev 11:46; Lev 12:7; Lev 13:59; Lev 14:2; Lev 14:32; Lev 14:54; Lev 14:57; Lev 15:32; Lev 6:13; Lev 6:21 (twice in verse); Num 15:16; Num 15:29; Num 19:2; Num 19:14; Num 31:21 (P); תּוֺרַת הַבָּיִת Ezek 43:12 (twice in verse); לְמִעְוָךְ ׳בֵּין ח 2Chr 19:10 plural תּוֺרוֺת laws, || חקים Exod 18:16; Exod 18:20 (E; of decisions in civil cases given by Moses), Ps 105:45 || מצות Exod 16:28 (J); || מצות, חקות Gen 26:5 (J); || חקים משׁפטים Lev 26:46 (H); || ברית, חק Isa 24:5 || משׁפטים, חקים, מצות Neh 9:13 the laws of the new temple Ezek 43:11; Ezek 44:5; Ezek 44:24 those laws in which men should walk Jer 32:23 (Kt).
b. of codes of law, (1) הַתּוֺרָה as written in the code of the covenant, || הַמִּצְוָה Exod 24:12 (E); ספר תּוֺרַת אלהים Josh 24:26 (E); probably also Deut 33:4, || משׁפטים vDeut 33:10, || בְּרִית Hos 8:1; Ps 78:10, || עֵדוּת vPs 78:5 (2) the law of the Deuteronomic code, in D and Deuteronomic sections of Kings and sources of Chronicles, הַתּוֺרָה הַזּאֹת Deut 1:5; Deut 4:8; Deut 4:44; Deut 17:18; Deut 31:9; Deut 31:11 הזאת ׳דִּבְרֵי הַתּ Deut 27:26; Deut 31:24, + כל Deut 17:19; Deut 27:3; Deut 27:8; Deut 28:58; Deut 29:28; Deut 31:12; Deut 32:46 הזאת ׳סֵפֶר הַתּ Deut 28:61 ספר התורה הזה Deut 29:20; Deut 30:10; Deut 31:26; Josh 1:8 ספר התורה Josh 8:34; 2Kgs 22:8 = 2Chr 34:15 דברי התורה Josh 8:34; 2Kgs 23:24 so התורה אשׁר צוך משׁה Josh 1:7, similarly Josh 22:5; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 17:34; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Kgs 21:8 תּוֺרַת משׁה (ספר) Josh 8:31; Josh 8:32; Josh 23:6; 1Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 14:6 = ׳בספר מ ׳הַתּ 2Chr 25:4; 2Kgs 23:25 ׳דִּבְרֵי סֵפֶר הַתּ 2Kgs 22:11= ׳דברי הַתּ 2Chr 34:19 תּוֺרַת יהוה 2Kgs 10:31. It is probable that ׳ת in Ps 1:2 (twice in verse); Ps 94:12 and some other parts of Chronicles, e.g. 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 6:16 (= 1Kgs 8:25 without ׳ת), refers to Deuteronomic code. (3) other passages of Chronicles may refer to code of D, but most of them certainly refer to the law of the Priests' code. The same is true of Malachi, Daniel and late Psalms. The phrases are: (ספר) תורת משׁה 2Chr 23:18; 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezra 7:6; Neh 8:1; Mal 3:22; Dan 9:11; Dan 9:13 תורת יהוה (ספר) Ezra 7:10; Neh 9:3; 1Chr 16:40; 2Chr 12:1; 2Chr 17:9; 2Chr 31:3; 2Chr 31:4; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 35:26; Ps 19:8; Ps 119:1 (ספר) תורת האלהים Neh 8:18; Neh 10:29; Neh 10:30 ׳ספר הַתּ Neh 8:3 ׳דִּבְרֵי הַתּ vNeh 8:9 vNeh 8:13 הַתּוֺרָה 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 31:21; 2Chr 33:8; Neh 10:35; Neh 10:37; Neh 12:44; Neh 13:3 פִּיךָ ׳תּ Ps 119:72 תורתך Neh 9:26; Neh 9:29; Neh 9:34; Dan 9:11; Ps 119:18; Ps 119:29; Ps 119:34; Ps 119:44; Ps 119:51; Ps 119:53; Ps 119:55; Ps 119:61; Ps 119:70; Ps 119:77; Ps 119:85; Ps 119:92; Ps 119:97; Ps 119:109; Ps 119:126; Ps 119:136; Ps 119:142; Ps 119:150; Ps 119:153; Ps 119:163; Ps 119:165; Ps 119:174 תּוֺרָה (indefinite) || חקים, מצוות Neh 9:14.

3. custom, manner: תּוֺרַת הָאָדָם 2Sam 7:19 the manner of man, not of God, i.e. deal with me as man with man, Thes, law for man RV, but Ew^{Geschichte. iii. 180} reads דּוֺרֹת (וַתַּרְאֵנִי) hast shewed me generations of men; so We Dr. — On ׳ת see further Dr on Deut 1:10; Deut 24:8; Deut 33:10 and references

law, laws

tôrâ

a precept or statute, especially the Decalogue or Pentateuch

law, direction, instruction

instruction, direction (human or divine)

body of prophetic teaching

law of the burnt offering

אֲשֶׁ֣ר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

נָתַ֣ן

Root word give, gave, given, put, set, …

Dictionary form: נָתַן · naw-TAHN

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: he set

give ×96 gave ×89 and put ×59 to give ×52 and gave ×46 giveth ×39 i have given ×35 hath given ×33

More options

give — Most versatile; covers the vast majority of occurrences.

grant — Prefer when the giver holds authority or power.

place — Use when the sense is physical positioning or setting down.

deliver — Prefer when handing over to another party is emphasized.

yield — Best for produce, tribute, or reluctant giving.

appoint — Use when assigning a role, task, or allotment.

BDB5441 H5414

נָתַן₂₀₀₇ verb give, put, set (Ecclus נתן Eccl 44:19 + often; Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו proper name, masculine Lzb³²⁷; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician יתן, נתן in proper name מתנת, etc., Lzb²⁹²; Lzb³²⁷; Assyrian nadânu Dl^{HWB 450} (rarely ittan Id^ib.488); Zinjirli נתן, also in proper name, Lzb³²⁷ Cook⁸⁴; Nabataean Imperfect ינתן, also proper name; Palmyrene, also proper name Lzb^l.c. Cook^l.c.; ᵑ7 Imperfect יִתֵּן, Infinitive מִתַּן; Sabean נתן Hal¹⁵⁴, Lihyanian proper name נתנבעל [North-Semitic form] DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 80, No.35}; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (rare) Schw^{Idioticon 58}; Syriac Imperfect , Infinitive Lindberg^{Vergl.Sem.Gram.93f.}, but Mandean נתן Nö^{M 52}); —

Qal₁₉₁₇ Perfect ׳נ Gen 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judg 15:18 +, נָתַ֫תָּה Gen 3:12 +, תַּתָּה 2Sam 22:41 (defended as vulgar form with aphaeresis of ׳נ by Th Ges^Lgb.139 Ew^{§ 195b} Kö^i.300 De^{Ps 18:41} and others; < text error for נָתַתָּה (so || Ps 18:41) Ol^{§ 89} Sta^{§ 127 b} Ges^{«GKC:19i»§ 19i} (hesitantly), Klo Bu Löhr HPS, compare Hup-Now^{Ps 18:41}); 2 feminine singular נָתַתְּ Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:36, נָתַּתְּי vEzek 16:18, suffix נְתַתִּיהוּ vEzek 16:19 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judg 1:2 +, etc.; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Gen 43:14 +, וַיִּתֵּן Gen 15:10 +; suffix 3 masculine singularיִתְּנֶ֫נּוּ Lev 5:24; Eccl 2:21 1 singular אֶתֵּן Gen 12:7 +; 1 plural נִתֵּן Gen 34:21 +, נִתַּןֿ Judg 16:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular תֵּן 2Kgs 4:42 +, תֶּןֿ Gen 14:21, תְּנָה 1Sam 2:15 +, suffix תְּנֵ֫הוּ Neh 1:11; 1Chr 21:22, תְּנֶנָּה 1Sam 21:10 feminine singular תְּנִי Gen 30:14 +, תֵּ֑גִי Isa 43:6 masculine plural תְּנוּ Gen 34:8 +; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deut 15:10 +, נָתֹן Num 21:2 +; construct נְתֹן Num 20:21, נְתָןֿ Gen 38:9, לְתִתֵּן 1Kgs 6:19 (but read לָתֵת so Ol^{§ 224 d} Ges^{«GKC:67l»§ 67l} Benz), תתן also 1Kgs 17:14 Kt (Qr תֵּת) — > these forms retained Ew^{§ 258c} Kö^i.305; — תֵּת Gen 4:12 +, especially לָתֵת Gen 15:7 +, לָתֵתֿ Judg 21:18, לָתֶתֿ Exod 5:21 (so Ginsb, van d. H. לָתֵתֿ, compare also Ki in Kö^{i.304 f.})+; suffix תִּתִּי Gen 29:19 +, תִּתְּךָ Deut 15:10 +, etc.; Participle נֹתֵן Judg 21:18 +, etc.; —

1. give:
a. = give personally, deliver or hand to, with accusative of thing + ל person 1Sam 10:4; 1Sam 22:10; 2Kgs 2:10; Lev 5:16(P) Lev 22:14 (H) Ruth 4:7 + often; in trade Prov 31:24 אֶלֿ person Gen 21:14 (E), Jer 3:8; Lev 15:14 + often; explicitly בְּיַד ׳נ Deut 24:1; Deut 24:3 (bill of divorce); with accusative of thing alone Judg 5:25.
b. = bestow upon, with accusative of thing + ל person Gen 24:53 (J) Gen 20:16 (E) Gen 1:29 (P) + often; an understanding heart 1Kgs 3:9; 1Kgs 3:12, blessing Deut 12:15, merch Deut 13:18, compare Jer 16:13; Jer 42:12 strength Deut 8:18; Ps 68:36 the sabbath Exod 16:29 (J) Ezek 20:12 = procure for (לְ) one 1Sam 17:10; 1Kgs 21:7 יִתֵּן לֶכֶם רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי Gen 43:14 (J) he will give you compassion in the eyes of the man (compare also 2b, 3b); give persons Gen 46:18; Gen 46:25 (P); of Levites given to (לְ) Aaron and his sons Num 3:9 compare Num 8:19, to ׳י Num 8:16 compare Num 18:6 (all P); especially of ׳י's giving land to Abraham and his descendants Gen 15:18; Gen 26:4 (J) Gen 17:8(P) Exod 6:8 (P; + מוֺרָשָׁה) + often (participle in this sense 37 t. Deuteronomy), + לִרִשְׁתָּהּ Deut 3:18 +; אַלתִּֿתֵּן לַנָּשִׁים חֵיֶלֶ֑ךָ Prov 31:3 + מִן of source נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנָּה לְךָ בֵּן Gen 17:16 (P); with accusative alone Ps 61:6; Eccl 12:7 (רוּחַ); give something to (ל) one for (ל) something, in some capacity, לוֺ לַעֲבָּדִים ׳אֶתכָּֿלאֶֿחָיו נ Gen 27:37 +; probably also בְּבָרוּתִי ראֹשׁ ׳נ Ps 69:22 they gave, as my food, gall (בְּ essentiae), compare above בְּ 7 c, Hup-Now^{on the passage}; accusative + infinitive לֿי לֶחֶם לָאֱכֹל׳נ וּבֶגֶד לִלְבּשׁ Gen 28:20 (J), compare Exod 16:15 (P), Neh 9:15; Neh 9:20 לָכֶם לֵב לָדַעַת וְעֵינַיִם לִרְאוֺת וְאָזְנַיִם ׳לֹא נ לִשְׁמֹעַ Deut 29:3. Especially
c. give woman to (ל) man as (ל) wife, Gen 29:28 (E), Gen 34:8; Gen 34:12 (J), Josh 15:16; Josh 15:17 (JE), = Judg 1:12; Judg 1:13 +; without 2nd ל Gen 29:19 (twice in verse) (E), Gen 38:21; Exod 2:21 (J), Gen 34:9; Gen 34:14; Gen 34:16 (P), Judg 15:2; Judg 15:6 +; with accusative alone, Gen 29:26 (E), 1Sam 25:44.
d. of (gracious) bestowals of various kinds: give = grant, send rain, גִּשְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:4 (H), מְטַראַֿרְצְכֶם Deut 11:14, עַלאַֿרְצְךָ מָטָר 1Kgs 8:36, etc.; also of sending plague of hail Exod 9:23 (E); send herbage (עֵשֶׂב) in (בְּ) your field for (לְ) your cattle Deut 11:15 grant a remnant to (לְ) Judah Jer 40:11 וְנָתַּתִּי לְךָ אֶתֿ נַפְשְׁךָ לְשָׁלָל Jer 45:5 and I will grant thee thy life as spoil; grant revenge (accusative) to (לְ) the king on (מִן) Saul, etc. 2Sam 4:8, compare הָאֵל הַנֹּתֵן נְקָמוֺת לִי 2Sam 22:48 = Ps 18:48 other gifts Judg 15:18 (בְּיַד), 1Sam 1:11 (לְ), Ruth 4:13.
e. grant a request, שְׁאֵלָה 1Sam 1:17; 1Sam 1:27; Esth 5:3; Ps 106:15 (+ ל person), בַּקָּשָׁה Ezra 7:6, תַּאֲוָה Prov 10:24, (רָשָׁע) מַאֲוִיֵּי Ps 140:9, תִּקְוֶה Job 6:8, מִשְׁאֲלֹת לִבֶּ֑ךָ Ps 37:4, compare לָכֶם וּמְצֵאןָ מְנוּחָה ׳יִתֵּן י Ruth 1:9. Especially feminine מִי יִתֵּן who will give or grant, in expressions of wish = O that (I had! etc.; = Assyrian mannu inamdin Jäger^{BAS ii.279}), especially (9 t.) Job: with accusative מִייִֿתֵּן עֶרֶב Deut 28:67 compare vDeut 28:67, Job 14:4; Ps 14:7 = Ps 53:7; Ps 55:7; Jer 9:1 with 2 accusative נְבִּיאִים ׳כָּלעַֿם י Num 11:29 (JE), literally who will make all ׳י's people prophets? compare Jer 8:23 with accusative + כְּ, מִי יִתֶּנְךָ כְאָח לֵי Song 8:1, compare Job 29:2 with accusative + בְּ, אֶתהָֿעָם הַזֶּה בְּיָדִי Judg 9:29 O that this people were in my charge! with accusative + לְ Job 31:35, literally who will give to me (לִי) one hearing me? also מִי יִתְּנֵנִי Isa 27:4 where suffix apparently = לִי; with infinitive מִי יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ Exod 16:3 (P), so 2Sam 19:1, מִי יִתֵּן אֱלוֺהַּ דַּבֵּר Job 11:5 with imperfect תָּבוֺא שֶׁאֱלָתִי Job 6:8 O that my request might come to pass! Job 14:13; Job 31:31 imperfect + וְ Job 19:23 (twice in verse); with perfect יָדַעְתִּי Job 23:3 O that I knew! (+ וְאֶמְצָאֵהוּ); with perfect consecutive Deut 5:26.
g. permit, with accusative + infinitive, לֹאנְֿתַתִּיךָ לִנְגֹּעַ אֵלֶיהָ Gen 20:6 (JE) + often; with ל person + infinitive 2Chr 20:10 other constructions are: ׳לְךָ י ׳לֹא כֵן נ Deut 18:14 not thus hath ׳י permitted to thee; ׳אִםאֶֿתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י וגו Ps 132:4; Prov 6:4 give thyself לְ no rest Lam 2:18, give him לְ no rest Isa 62:6.
h. = ascribe glory, etc. (accusative) to לְ God 1Sam 6:5; Job 36:3, especially imperative Jer 13:16; Ezra 10:11; Ps 68:35 compare Ps 115:1 (so הָבוּ, see יהב 4); to man 1Sam 18:8 (twice in verse); unseemliness (תִּפְלָה) to God Job 1:22.
i. = apply, devote heart to seek out, accusative + infinitive Eccl 1:13; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 8:16; Dan 10:12, לֵב לְ ׳נ Eccl 7:21 = attend to; conversely אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿה נָחַתִּי אֶללִֿבִּי Eccl 9:1 = all this I set my mind, Eccl 7:2 also (with subject different from indirect object) מָה אֱלּהַי נֹתֵן אֶללִֿבִּי לַעֲשׂוֺת Neh 2:12 compare Neh 7:5.
j. = employ, devote money (accusative) עַלעֲֿבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד Exod 30:16 (P).
k. give offerings, ׳לְי Num 18:12 (P), ׳תְּרוּמַת י Exod 30:15 (P), compare give spoil to (לְׅ ׳י) Deut 20:14 (׳י subject); לָ֑ךְ מִיָָּֽדְךָ נָתַנּוּ 1Chr 29:14 offering to (לְׅ idols Ezek 6:13 especially to Moloch Lev 20:2; Lev 20:4, to pass through fire to (לׅ M. Lev 18:2, etc.

1. = consecrate, dedicate to (לְׅ ׳י 1Sam 1:11; Exod 22:29 (E). masculine give a sign or wonder, accusative 1Kgs 13:3; 1Kgs 13:5, + לְ person Josh 2:12 (JE), with reflexive לְ Exod 7:9 (P), almost = display, exhibit; compare נָָֽתְנוּ הֲדָרֵךְ Ezek 27:10 they set forth, exhibit thy splendour; כִּי יִתֵּן בַּכּוֺס עֵינוֺ Prov 23:31 when it sheweth its sparkle in the cup.
n. = pay, wages (accusative, + suffix), שְׂכָרִי ׳נ Gen 30:18 (E) he hath paid my hire, Exod 2:9 (E) Deut 24:15, compare Isa 61:8 + ל person Jer 22:13 a price, מִכְרָם ׳נ Num 20:19 (JE), וַיִּתֵּן שְׂכָרָהּ Jonah 1:3, i.e. paid his fare, passage-money; money (as) price (מחיר) 1Kgs 21:2, compare כֶּסֶף הַשָּׂדֶה ׳נ Gen 23:13 (P); pay money for (ב) something Deut 14:26 wealth for (ב) love Song 8:7 tax or rent, with accusative of thing + ל person Gen 47:24 (J); fine (c. id.) Exod 21:32 (E) Deut 22:29, accusative omitted vDeut 22:19, compare וְנָתַן בִּפְלִלִים Exod 21:22 (see פָּלִיל), שִׁבְתּוֺ ׳נ vExod 21:19 (i.e. pay for his lost time), פִּדְיוֺן נַפְשׁוֺ ׳נ vExod 21:30 (pay redemption-money; all E), compare ׳אִישֹׁ כֹּפֶר נַפְשׁוֺ לְי ׳וְנ Exod 30:12 (P); pay votive offering (with accusative + ל) Lev 27:23 (P); a wager (with accusative+ ל) Judg 14:12; Judg 14:13.
o. with בְּ, give for (ב) money = sell, תְּנָהלִּֿי אֶתכַּֿרְמְךָ בְּכֶסֶף 1Kgs 21:6, compare Deut 2:28; Deut 14:25; 1Chr 21:22 — ׳נ Ezek 27 is trading term, but sometimes connection obscure and text dubious: give wares for (בְ) Ezek 27:12 (but read probably ך for ב ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Berthol), vEzek 27:13 vEzek 27:16 (strike out 2nd ב), vEzek 27:17 vEzek 27:19 vEzek 27:22 (compare. further, Co Berthol and especially Sm); הַיֶּלֶדּ בַּזּוֺנָךְ ׳נ Joel 4:3 (|| מָכַר); ב instrumental, give בַּגּוֺרֶל by lot Josh 21:8.
p. give instead of, exchange for, with תַּחַת Exod 21:23 (E) 1Kgs 21:2; 1Kgs 21:6; Isa 43:4; Isa 61:3, בְּעַד Job 2:4.
q. give, i.e. lend, at interest, בְּנֶשֶׁךְ ׳כַּסְפּוֺ לֹא נ Lev 25:37; Ps 15:5, so (accusative omitted) Ezek 18:8; Ezek 18:13.
r. = commit, entrust to, with accusative + אֶלֿ person Exod 22:6; Exod 22:9 (E), with ל person Song 8:11, with בְּיַד Gen 30:35; Gen 39:4; Gen 39:8; Gen 39:22 (all J), 2Sam 10:10.
s. give over, deliver up, with accusative Num 21:3 (JE) Judg 20:13; 1Sam 11:12; 2Sam 14:7; 2Sam 20:21; 1Kgs 14:16; Hos 11:8 || מִגֵּן), Mic 5:2 בָּנָיו פְּלֵיטִים וּבְנֹתָיו בַּשְּׁבִית לְמֶלֶךְ אֱמֹרִי ׳נ Num 21:29 (JE); + ל, לַמָּוֶת ׳פ ׳נ Ps 118:18 + לִפְנֵי Deut 7:2; Deut 7:23; Deut 31:5 + (see Dr^{Dt. lxxxiii, No.52, and} see further 2 b near the end); especially בְּיַד ׳נ, with accusative, Num 21:34 (JE) Josh 2:24 (JE) Deut 2:24 + often
t. yield produce, fruit, etc., especially of land, ground, Gen 4:12 (J), Lev 25:19; Lev 26:4; Lev 26:20 (all H), Deut 11:17; Isa 55:10 (+ ל person) Zech 8:12; Ps 67:7; Ps 85:13 compare Ezek 36:8 of tree Ezek 34:27; Lev 26:4; Lev 26:20 (H) Ps 1:3, + vine Joel 2:22, vine Zech 8:12 absolute root of righteous yields, יִתֵּן Prov 12:12 according to De Str (dubious; propose to insert פְּרִי); Dy Kau Wild proposes אֵיתָן (as Ps 74:15, etc.), compare as to sense Ew; other conjectures see Now; compare Num 20:8 (P) Zech 8:12; Song 1:12; Song 2:13; Song 7:14.
u. = occasion, produce, שֵׂכֶל טוֺב יִתֶּןחֵֿ֑ן Prov 13:16 compare Prov 29:15, חֶרְדַּת אָדָם יִתֵּן מוֺקֵשׁ vProv 29:25 trembling before man occasioneth a snare. see requite to (לְ) a man, according to (כְּ) character 1Kgs 8:39 = 2Chr 6:33; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:19; Ps 28:4 (twice in verse); with עַלֿ + כְּ Ezek 7:9 with עַלֿ person + accusative of sin Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:49 (compare 2 b).
w. = report, mention, וַיִּתֵּן אֶתמִֿסְפַּר ֗֗֗ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ 2Sam 24:9 he reported the number unto the king; וָאֶתְּנָה לוֺ זְמָ֑ן Neh 2:6 and I mentioned to him a time.
x. = utter, usually with accusative קוֺל, utter a sound, lift up the voice: Jer 4:16 (+ עַל against), Jer 22:20; Jer 48:34; Lam 2:7 in weeping, וַיִּתֵּן אֶתקֹֿלוֺ בִּבְכִי Gen 45:2 (E), וַיִּבְכּוּ Num 14:1 (P); + ל person Prov 2:3 (|| לַבִּינָה תִּקְרָא);of wisdom Prov 1:20; Prov 8:1 || קרא; of ׳י, especially in thunder of theoph. Amos 1:2; 2Sam 22:14 || יַרְעֵם), = Ps 18:14; Jer 25:30; Joel 2:11 of clouds Ps 77:18, the deep Hab 3:10 of young lion's roaring Amos 3:4; Jer 2:15 of birds Ps 104:12 קוֺל omitted, ׳דָּוִד ֗֗֗ לְהֹדֹת לְי ׳נ 1Chr 16:7 so of ׳י's voice in thunder, לְקוֺל תִתּוֺ Jer 10:13 (sc. קוֺלוֺ) at the sound of his uttering (his voice) = Jer 51:16 בְּקוֺל ׳נ Jer 12:8 (+ עַלֿ against ), of ׳י Ps 46:7, הֵןיִֿתֵּן בְּקוֺלוֺ קוֺל עֹז Ps 68:34 ׳נ with other words, אֹמֶר vPs 68:12 (of ׳י); of confession, (accusative + ל person) Josh 7:19 (JE) Ezra 10:11.
y. give = stretch out, extend, וַיִּתֶּןיָֿד Gen 38:28 (J) it put out a hand; וַיִּתֵּן צַמַּרְתּוֺ אֶלבֵּֿין עֲבוֺתִים (read עָבוֺת) Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 and it stretched its top amid the clouds.
z. combinations are: יִתֵּן לְמַכֵּהוּ לֶחִ֑י Lam 3:30 (humiliation), compare Isa 50:6 וַיִּתְּנוּ כָתֵף סֹרָ֑רֶת Zech 7:11 (of stubbornness), so Neh 9:29 (|| עָרְפָּם הִקְשׁוּ); also וַיִּתְּנוּ עֹרֶף 2Chr 29:6 gave, i.e. turned (their) back (on ׳י; || וַיַּסֵּבּוּ פְנֵיהֶם ׳מִמִּשְׁכַּן י); of compact, תְּנָה אֶתיָֿדֶ֑ךָ 2Kgs 10:15 compare v2Kgs 10:15, so מִצְרַיִם נָתַנּוּ יָד Lam 5:6 of submission, נָָֽתְנָה יָדָהּ Jer 50:15 = she (Babylon) hath surrendered; ׳תְּנוּ יָד לְי 2Chr 30:8 = submit to ׳י; more explicitly, יָד תַּחַת שְׁלֹמהֹ ׳נ 1Chr 29:24 מָקוֺם לְ ׳נ Judg 20:36 give place to (retire before); of sexual relation, אֶלאֵֿשֶׁת ֗֗֗ לֹאתִֿתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְזָ֑רַע Lev 18:20 (H), וַיִּתֵּן אִישׁ בָּךְ אֶתשְֿׁכָבְתּוֺ Num 5:20 (P), so (בְּכָלבְּֿהֵמָה) Lev 18:23 (H), compare Lev 20:15 (H). — יִתֵּן is taken impersonal = 'es giebt,' there is, there are, in Job 37:10; Prov 10:24; Prov 13:10 by De, citing Ew^{§ 295 d}, Now^{Prov 13:10} Str Frankenb (in translation, dubious in note), Bae^{Jb in} Kau Ges^{«GKC:144b»§ 144b}; but improbable, Kau^Pr Di^Jb, so Hi Bu Du (on Job 37:10), reading יֻתַּן; compare Kö^{Synt. § 324 d Β}.

2. Put, set, nearly = שִׂים, and sometimes || with it:
a. literally, (especially often in Ezekiel, P): with accusative + עַלֿ on, ring on hand Gen 41:42 (E), compare Ezek 16:11, helmet on head 1Sam 17:38, also Jer 27:2; Jer 28:14 (in figurative), 1Kgs 12:4; 1Kgs 12:9 (in figurative), 1Kgs 18:23 (|| שִׂי ם), Exod 12:7 (accusative omitted), compare Exod 25:12; Exod 25:26; Exod 25:30 + often P; with עַלֿ = above Exod 25:21; Exod 26:34 (P), = for, גֹּרָלֹת עַלֿ ׳נ Lev 16:8 (P), cast lots for; = against Ezek 26:8 with אֶלֿ into: ark into cart 1Sam 6:8, put one in the stocks Jer 29:26 (also with עַלֿ Jer 20:2), in prison Jer 37:18; Jer 38:11, compare Exod 25:16; Exod 28:30 (P); put water upon (עַלֿ) something into (אֶלֿ) vessel Num 19:17 = toward וַיִּתֵּן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶלעָֿקֹד Gen 30:40 (J; strike out Ol Di and others); with בְּ, cup into hand Gen 40:13 (E), compare Judg 7:16, also Gen 41:48 (E), compare 1Kgs 7:51; Gen 1:17 (P), Gen 9:13 (P), 2Kgs 19:18; Jer 27:8, בֶּעָפָר פֶּה ׳נ Lam 3:29 (in figurative), נָתַתִּי שִׁפְחָתִי בְּחֵיקֶ֑ךָ Gen 16:5 (J), וְנָתַתָּה בְאָזְנוֺ וּבַדֶּלֶת Deut 15:17 and thou shalt put (the awl) into his ear and into the door (pin his ear to the door); put disease into one Deut 7:15 (|| שִׂים); inflict blemish (מוּם) on (בְּ), Lev 24:19; Lev 24:20 וּכְתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע לֹא תִתְּנוּ בָּכֶם Lev 19:28 with בְּ + לְ, שֶׂרֶט לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם vLev 19:28 (all H); with לִטְנֵי before, in front of, set food before one, 2Kgs 4:43; 2Kgs 4:44 compare Zech 3:9; Ezek 3:20; Exod 30:6; Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6 (all P); with בֵּין between, Exod 30:18; Exod 40:17 (P); with לְ, לַבַּיִת ׳מִגְרָעוֺת נ סָבִיב 1Kgs 6:6 he put ledges to the house; with other prepositions הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּ עִמָּדִי Gen 3:16 (J), the woman whom thou hast set at my side, compare Exod 31:6 (אִתּוֺ ׳נ; figurative of association, assistance); with לִקְרַאת Gen 15:10 (J), lay each piece to meet its fellow; he set the sea מִכֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת 1Kgs 7:39 with ה locative put money שָׁמָּה into it 2Kgs 12:10, so of water Exod 30:18 (P), compare Exod 40:7 (שָׁם); with 2 accusative אוֺתוֺ בֵּית ׳הַכְּלוּא נ Jer 37:4 compare vJer 37:15 put, place, absolute Exod 40:8 (P; || שִׂים, compare Exod 26:32); set up, אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית בְּ Lev 26:1 (H; || הֵקִים); + לְ person, lay snare for me Ps 119:110 (in figurative).
b. figurative, in many phrase: with עַל, put my spirit upon him Isa 42:1, reproach upon one Jer 23:40, blessing on Mt. Gerizim, etc., Deut 11:29, curses on enemies Deut 30:7 impose tax upon Neh 10:33 compare 2Kgs 23:33 נָתַן הוֺד עַל put majesty upon one 1Chr 29:25; Dan 11:21; Num 27:20 (P; מֵהוֺד; compare Ps 21:6); so also perhaps Ps 8:2 hast set thy majesty upon (over) the heavens, compare ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 (read נָתַתָּה for תְּנָה, Hup De Pe Bae and others; other views see in Thes Ew Ol Now Che We Du); = above, וּנְתָ֑נְךָ עֶלְיוֺן עַלכָּֿלגּֿוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Deut 28:1 compare Deut 26:19 put (something) over mouth Mic 3:5 (i.e. stop one's mouth, by a gift); = against מָצוֺר עַלֿ ׳נ Ezek 4:2 (siege), compare vEzek 4:2 b; with אֶלֿ, אֲדֹנָי ֗֗֗ לְבַקֵּשׁ וָאֶתְּנָה אֶתפָּֿנַי אֶלֿ Dan 9:3 with בְּ, words into mouth Deut 18:18; Jer 1:9, compare 1Kgs 22:23 wisdom into heart, or person, 1Kgs 10:24; Exod 31:6; Exod 36:1; Exod 36:2 (all P), compare Ps 4:8 set peace in earth Lev 26:6 (H); (the idea of) perpetuity (עוֺלָם) in heart Eccl 3:11 a purpose, בְּלִבּוֺ ׳וּלהוֺדוֺת נ Exod 35:34 (P); וְנָתַתִּי אֶתיָֿדִי בְּמִצְרַיִם Exod 7:4 (P); אַלתִּֿתֵּן דָּם נָקִי בְּקֶרֶב עַמְּךָ Deut 21:8 וַיִּתֵּן חִנּוֺ בְּעֵינֵי Gen 39:21 (J), and he put his favour in the eyes of the prison-keeper (made the keeper favourable to him), compare Exod 3:21; Exod 11:3; Exod 12:36 (all E; compare also 1 b, 3 b); with בְּ person = against, in phrase set my face against, oppose Ezek 14:8; Ezek 15:7; Lev 17:10; Lev 20:6 (both H); with בֵּין, = put, i.e. make a covenant between Gen 17:2 (P), compare Lev 26:46 (H); אֶרֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶם ׳נ i.e. place at your disposal Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21 compare Deut 2:36 set ordinances, etc., before, לִפְנֵי (for observance), 1Kgs 9:6; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; Dan 9:10 blessings and cursings (for choice) Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19 ׳דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ פ ׳נ set or place one`s way upon his head, i.e. requite him, Ezek 9:10; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 22:31 compare Ezek 17:19, also 1Kgs 8:32 = 2Chr 6:23 + (compare 1 v); בְּמִדְיָן ׳לָתֵת נִקְמַת י Num 31:3 to set the vengeance of ׳י upon Midian; ׳ב ׳נ Ps 50:20 = set in, i.e. impute to (usually ׳שִׂים ב).
c. set, appoint, with accusative + עַלֿ over, ׳י hath set a king over you 1Sam 12:13 compare Gen 41:41 (E); with עַלֿ on, ישֵׁב ׳נ עַלכִּֿסְאִי 1Kgs 1:48 with בְּ in = over, 1Chr 12:9; Neh 13:4 with לְ Nethînîm לַעֲבֹדָה Ezra 8:20 with accusative alone, idol-priest 2Kgs 23:5, prophet Jer 1:5 (2 accusative), leader Num 14:4 one instead of (תַּחַת) another 1Kgs 2:35.

d. = assign, designate, with ׃לְ God hath assigned victim-flesh to (ל) you, in order to bear sins of people Lev 10:17, compare Num 18:8 (both P); cities for (ל) flight of man-slayer Num 35:6 (P); נָתַתִּי לָכֶם עַלהַֿמִּזְבֵּחַ לְכַפֵּר Lev 17:11 (H).

3. Make, constitute,
a. with 2 accusative, וְנָתַתִּי נְעָרִים שָׂרֵיהֶם Isa 3:4 and I will make boys their princes, compare Gen 17:5; Exod 7:1 (both P), Ps 18:33 (> וַיַּתֵּר in || 2Sam 22:33), 2Sam 39:6; 2Sam 69:12; 2Sam 135:12, etc.; + בֵּין Josh 22:25 (P); + אֶלֿ person וְנָתַתִּי אֶתכָּֿלאֹֿיְבֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ עֹרֶף Exod 23:27 (E), and I will make all thine enemies unto thee a back, i.e. make them shew thee their back, flee from thee, so with לְ Ps 18:41 = 2Sam 22:41.
b. with accusative + לְ, וְנָתַתִּי אֶתיְֿרוּשָׁלַיִם לְגַלִּים Jer 9:10 and I will make Jerusalem into ruin-heaps, compare Deut 28:13; Isa 42:24; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:20; Gen 48:4; Num 5:21; Josh 17:3 (all P) +; לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי ׳פ ׳נ 1Kgs 8:50 make persons an object of compassion before (in the eyes of), so Neh 1:11; Ps 106:46; Dan 1:9 (compare also 1 b, 2 b); + לְ person for (especially Jeremiah), וּנְתַתִּים לִזְוָעָה לְכֹל מַמְלְכוֺת הָאָרֶץ Jer 15:4 and I will make them a terror for all kingdoms of the earth, compare Jer 24:9; Jer 29:18; Jer 34:17.
c. with accusative + כְּ, כַּשִּׁקְמִים ׳וְאֵת הָאֲרָזִים נ 1Kgs 10:27 and the cedars he made like the sycomores, i.e. as common, = 2Chr 1:15, compare 1Kgs 16:3; Ezek 28:6; Lev 26:19 (H), Ruth 4:11 וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָנוּ כִּמְרַגְּלִים Gen 42:30 (E), i.e. regarded, treated us as spies, but insert בַּמִּשְׁמָר ᵐ5 Ol Di Ball Holz, — אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַת בְּלִיַּעַל 1Sam 1:16 difficult, (not withstanding Job 3:24; Job 4:19), read probably כְּ (HPS), or לְ, for לִפְנֵי.
d. rarely with accusative alone: ׳וּמִבְּנֵי יִשׂ שְׁלֹמֹה עֶבֶד ׳לֹא נ 1Kgs 9:22 and of the sons of Israel Solomon made no slave, but read probably לְמַס עֹבֵד (as v1Kgs 9:21 ᵐ5^A ἐς πράγμα, omitted by B ᵐ5^L; compare Klo Benz), וָאֶתֵּן עֲלֵיהֶם קְהִלָּה Neh 5:7 and I made (held) over their case a great assembly; make a decree, חֹק, Ps 148:6 perhaps also וַתִּתֵּן אֹתֹת בְּפַרְעֹה Neh 9:10 and thou didst perform signs and wonders against 'Pharaoh, etc. (compare שִׂים אוֺתֹת בְּ Exod 10:2; Ps 78:43).

Niph`al₈₂ Perfect נִתַּן Isa 9:5 +; 3 feminine singular נִתְּנָה Gen 38:14 +; 2 masculine plural וְנִתַּתֶּם consecutive Lev 26:25 1 plural נִתַּ֫נּוּ Ezra 9:7, etc.; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exod 5:18 +, יִנָּ֫תֶן לוֺ 2Chr 2:13 (Ginsb van d. H. יִנָּ֫תֶןלֿוֺ), etc.; Infinitive absolute הִנָּתֹן Jer 32:4; Jer 38:3 construct לְהִנָּתֵן Esth 3:14; Esth 8:13 —

1. be given to (usually with ל person):
a. = bestowed upon Josh 24:33 (E), Ezek 11:15 (+ לְמוֺרָשָׁה), Ezek 33:24 (+ id.), Job 15:19; Ezek 16:34; Num 26:62 (P), Isa 9:5, portion from sacrifice Lev 10:14 (P), glory Isa 35:2, birthright 1Chr 5:1, freedom Lev 19:20 (H).
b. given to one (ל) for wife (ל) Gen 38:14 (J), 1Sam 18:19.
c. provided, usually with ל Exod 5:16; Exod 5:18 (J); 1Sam 25:27; 2Kgs 25:30 = Jer 52:34; Isa 33:16; Neh 13:10 מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד ׳נ Eccl 12:11 they are given from one shepherd (i.e. words of wise) according to Ew De Hi-Now Rüetschi^Kau; Wild understands subject of compilers.
d. = entrusted to Jer 13:20 compare 2Chr 2:13 with עַליָֿדָם 2Kgs 22:7, בְּיַד 2Chr 34:16.
e. = give into the power of (usually with בְּיַד), especially of city (kg., people) given into the hand of foe 2Kgs 18:30 (+ אֶתֿ accusative), 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:15; Isa 37:10; Jer 21:10 + 18 t. Jeremiah, Leviticus, Chronicles, Daniel; earth into hand of wicked Job 9:24 in good sense Gen 9:2 (P); delivered to death (ל), unto lower world (אֶלֿ), Ezek 31:14 given to us (ל) for devouring (ל) Ezek 35:12 ׳חֶרֶב נ Ezek 32:20 delivered to the sword (strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Sgfr^{Kau Toy}); absolute, of צָבָא, Dan 8:12 (al. was appointed, see especially Dr), Dan 11:6. feminine of request, be granted to (ל), Esth 2:13; Esth 5:3 (בַּקָּשָׁה), vEsth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 (all שְׁאֵלָה), compare Esth 7:3 (בִּשְׁאֵלָה, בְּבַקָּשָׁה).
g. = be permitted Esth 9:13 (+ infinitive).
h. = be issued, published (of royal decree), absolute Esth 3:5; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:8; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:14; Esth 9:14 of law given בְּיַד משֶׁה Neh 10:30.
i. = be uttered, שְׁאוֺן קוֺלָם ׳נ Jer 51:55 (of stormers of Babylon).
j. be assigned for (ל), Ezek 47:11.

2. Be put, set:
a. literally, crown בְּראֹשׁ Esth 6:8 of personified folly הַסֶּכֶל בַּמְּרוֺ מִים ׳נ Eccl 10:6.
b. in imagery of Ezek. ֗֗֗ בְּיַרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר ׳נ Ezek 32:23, with אֵת (with) vEzek 32:29, with בְּתוֺךְ vEzek 32:25, vine put (cast) לָאֵשׁ לְאָכְלָה Ezek 15:4 into the fire for consuming; figurative of terror בארץ ׳נ Ezek 32:25.
c. = be made, בֶּןאָֿדָם חָצִיר יִנָּתֵן Isa 51:12.
d. = be inflicted, of blemish (מוּם) Lev 24:20 (with בְּ person).

Hoph`al (or Qal passive Ges^{«GKC:53a»§ 53a}) Imperfect יֻתַּן 1Kgs 2:21+ 5 t. + 2Sam 21:6 Qr (Kt ינתן); וַיֻּתַּן 2Sam 18:9 —

1. a. be given, bestowed, absolute Num 26:54 with לְ person 2Kgs 5:17; Num 32:5 (אֶתֿ with accusative; both P); in exchange for (תַּ֫חַת) Job 28:15.
b. = be given to one (ל) for wife (ל) 1Kgs 2:21 (Abishag, אֶתֿ with accusative).
c. = be given, delivered, up to (ל) 2Sam 21:6.

2. be put upon (עַלֿ) Lev 11:38 (P); of Absalom ׳וַיֻּתַּן בֵּין הַשָּׁמַיִם וגו 2Sam 18:9, < וַיִּתָּל (√ תלה) ᵐ5 ᵑ6 We Dr (?), Klo Kit Bu HPS.

BDB9725 H5412 H5411 H5414

[נְתִינִין] noun masculine plural Nethinîn (probably loan-word from Biblical Hebrew נְתִינִים, √ נָתַן); — servants of sanctuary, emphatic נְתִינַיָּא Ezra 7:24.

BDB9726 H5414 H5415

[נְתַן] verb give (see Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 rare; Old Aramaic נתן, Imperfect ינתן, so Nabataean; Zinjirli, Palmyrene יתן; Egyptian Aramaic Imperfect אנתן, ינתן, etc., S-C^{Pap. A 7} +, plural suffix תנתנונה ib.^{J 9, Infinitive} למנתן S-C^{C 6, 9}+); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִנְתִּןֿ (K^{§ 42}) Dan 2:16, suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Dan 4:15 +; 2 masculine singular תִּנְתֵּן Ezra 7:20 3 masculine plural יִנְתְּנוּן Ezra 4:13 Infinitive לְמִנְתַּ֑ן Ezra 7:20 —

1. give, subject God, with suffix of thing + ל person, Dan 4:14; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29.

2. of man, give, allow, accusative time, Dan 2:16.

3. give, pay, accusative of thing, Ezra 4:13; Ezra 7:20 (+ מִן of source), absolute vEzra 7:20.

give, gave, given, put, set, …

nātan

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

to give, put, set

(Qal)

to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend

to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned

to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up

לְ פָנֵ֔י נוּ

לְ

Prefix — preposition to, for

פָנֵ֔י

Root word before, face, presence, because, faces, …

נוּ

Suffix — pronoun our / us

Dictionary form: פָּנִים · paw-NEEM

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: before

before ×796 the face ×55 from before ×53 his face ×53 because ×49 my face ×48 thy face ×39 before him ×38

More options

face — Most direct rendering; prefer for literal, physical contexts.

presence — Ideal for divine or royal encounter contexts.

countenance — Slightly elevated; suits emotional or expressive descriptions.

surface — Use for physical objects, land, or water (e.g. 'surface of the deep').

in front of — Best for spatial or positional prepositional phrases.

because of — Use when פָּנִים heads a causal prepositional phrase.

BDB4446 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָָֽי 1Kgs 6:17 see below [ פָּנֶה], פָּנִים.

BDB6680 H6440 H3942

[פָּנֶה], plural פָּנִים₂₁₂₃ noun masculine^{Prov 25:23} and (Ezekiel = Prov 21:21 = edge; on 2Sam 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute פָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי 2Sam 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular פָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular פָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֺ Ps 11:7 (Kö^ll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralפְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Exod 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}), Prov 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה); —

I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Ezek 27:35 +, compare Ezek 1:6; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 etc.):
a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳עוֺר פ Exod 35:29; Exod 35:30; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.
b. of ׳י Exod 33:20, compare vExod 33:23.
c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10, judging Ezek 20:35, speaking Exod 33:11, and so ׳בְּפ ׳פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17; 2Chr 25:21.
d. of relations with ׳׃י ׳הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.
e. of ׳י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17. — See further below

7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exod 33:14; Exod 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of ׳י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Prov 7:15.
b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare vExod 10:29 (all J), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God vGen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.

3. face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exod 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exod 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:11; 2Chr 3:13 +.

4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gen 30:40 ׳אַרְיֵה וּפ ׳פ נֶשֶׁר ׳שׁוֺר ופ Ezek 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezek 10:14 אַרְיֵה ׳פ also 1Chr 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezek 41:19 ׳פִּתְחֵי פ Job 41:6 of crocodile.

5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ ׳פ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, תֵבֵל ׳פ Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6 of a field Prov 24:31 תְהוֺם ׳פ Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, הַמַּיִם ׳פ Gen 7:18 רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ Gen 1:20 כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֺט ׳פ Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֺ ׳פ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezek 41:14; Ezek 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳פ Ezek 41:21 of gate Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 43:4 of chamber Ezek 40:44 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46 of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13 הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳פ 2Sam 10:9 battle-front = 1Chr 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in gender, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezek 21:21, of axe Eccl 10:10 = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Prov 27:23 הַדָּבָר ׳פ 2Sam 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.

6. as adverb of location מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר 2Sam 10:9 before and behind = ׳וְֿ ׳פ 1Chr 19:10, also Ezek 2:10; 2Chr 13:14 פְּנֵי toward Song 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2Chr 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Kgs 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deut 2:12; Deut 2:20; Josh 11:10; Judg 1:10; Judg 1:11; Judg 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).

7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph`al; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה 3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph`il; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi`el; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —

1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי:
a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2.

b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4; Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 41:25; Ezek 42:2; Ezek 42:3; Ezek 42:7; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21.
d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezek 16:5.

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, vExod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳י ׳אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, Ges^Thes Di^{Exod 23:15} Che^{Isa 1:12, critical note}, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14.
b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳אֶתפֿ ׳לִפְנֵי י vLev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת

4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24; Deut 11:25, and עמד Josh 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9, so Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:31. (b) in front of, Ezek 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exod 4:21; Exod 11:10; 2Sam 2:14; Prov 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם ׳לפני פ and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 ׳כִּי הִקְרָה י לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exod 29:10; Prov 18:16 etc. In particular,
a. With the implication of
(a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2; 1Sam 3:1.
(b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:29: also 1Sam 2:28; 2Sam 19:14.
(c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exod 2:23), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12).
(d) openly before, 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35, especially ׳לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere.
(e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure.
(f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Chr 14:6), 2Chr 24:51; Song 8:12.
(g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ל, vDeut 24:13 ׳י ׳צְדָקָה ל, 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳י ׳ל Josh 6:26; 1Sam 26:19, ׳י ׳לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Prov 14:12; Ps 143:2 ׳וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5; Neh 2:6; Esth 5:14 ׳טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים.
(h) ׳לִפְנֵי י, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deut 6:25; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so vDeut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26; Deut 15:20), vDeut 15:12 (rejoice, so vDeut 15:18; Deut 27:7; Isa 9:2), Josh 18:6; Josh 24:1; Judg 11:11; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 12:7; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 23:18; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P, as Exod 16:9; Exod 16:33; Exod 16:34; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11; Lev 3:1; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18. So in ׳י ׳הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.
b. In other phrases: —
(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19.
(b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12; Deut 26:10; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30.
(c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23; Josh 10:12; Josh 11:6 + (Dr^{DT lxxxii}): compare Judg 4:15; 2Sam 5:20; Isa 45:1; Jer 1:17.
(d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ע, above 3), Exod 9:11; Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4; Jer 49:19; Ps 76:8; Ps 147:17; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2; Josh 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Josh 7:12; Josh 7:13.
(e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8; 2Chr 14:9.
(f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gen 18:8; Gen 24:33 +.
(g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8; Deut 11:26; Deut 11:32; Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19; 1Kgs 9:6 (D²), Jer 9:12; Jer 21:8; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1.
c. With reference to position:
(a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exod 17:5; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Num 10:33; Isa 52:12; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Isa 8:4; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lam 1:5; Lam 1:6
(b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deut 10:11; Judg 9:39; 1Sam 8:20; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16; 2Chr 1:10; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was.
(c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.
d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳אשׁר ל (usually ׳על פני מ: see 7 a d), 1Chr 19:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ל, Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ל, Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6; Num 3:38; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1Kgs 6:21; 1Kgs 7:49 +.
e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22; 1Kgs 16:25; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isa 43:10; Isa 48:7; Prov 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳י's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי, Gen 36:31; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4. feminine In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).

5. מִלִּפְנֵי₇₃ from before: —
a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
(a) Gen 41:46 ׳ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10; 2Kgs 5:27; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳י ׳מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12; Num 17:24; Num 20:9, 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2Chr 1:13,
(b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, vGen 23:8; Exod 36:3; Deut 17:18 ׳וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך.
(c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15], Eccl 10:5; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵצֵא משׁפטי.
(d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lev 22:3; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36; Jer 33:18; Isa 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8 a); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jer 18:23; Neh 3:37.
(e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28; Deut 9:4; Deut 11:23; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).
b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12; Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isa 57:16; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני), 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 32:23; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Sm^{lxx-lxxi, lxxiii}); see also Kö^{ii. 320.}

6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exod 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Isa 30:11; Hos 11:2 so
a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21; 1Sam 21:11; 1Sam 23:26; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11; Jer 41:9; Jer 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8; Gen 4:14; Isa 2:10 (compare vIsa 2:19 vIsa 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11; 1Sam 19:10; 1Sam 23:26, or fleeing, Exod 4:3; Exod 14:25; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Lev 18:24; Deut 8:20; Amos 2:9; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Deut 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exod 9:30; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5; Deut 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3; Josh 2:9; Jer 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zeph 1:7; Hab 2:20; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳מפני י at the presence of ׳י, Isa 63:19; Jer 4:26; Nah 1:5; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deut 20:19; Isa 19:1; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35; Lev 19:32. (

N.B. In a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
(a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31; Gen 47:13; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exod 9:11; Josh 2:11; Josh 23:3; Judg 2:18; Judg 6:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 (RVm), Jer 15:17; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:6, etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12; Jer 9:6; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:16; Jer 23:9 + often
(b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1Kgs 8:11; Job 37:19.
(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exod 19:18; Jer 44:23. — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.

7. עַלפְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb³⁵²) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
a. From the sense of face or front:
(a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,2Sam 15:18; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15 = in the sight of, Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28; Num 3:4.
(b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deut 21:16, and perhaps(Ew^{§ 217} l) Exod 20:3 (Deut 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני (Thes and others as c).
(c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
(d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFM^{Ju., p. 351}) = east of, 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:6; 1Kgs 8:8; 2Chr 3:17; Ezek 42:8; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 (Gen 50:13), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 (Gen 49:30), מצרים vGen 49:18 a (Josh 13:3; 1Sam 15:7), Num 21:11; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 (Deut 34:1), Josh 13:3; Josh 13:25; Josh 15:8 (Josh 18:16), Josh 17:7; Josh 18:14; Josh 19:11; Judg 16:3; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1; 1Sam 26:3; 2Sam 2:24; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13; Zech 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם, Gen 19:28; Num 21:20 (Num 23:28) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13; Ezek 32:10.

b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳המדבר עלפֿ: often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5; Num 19:16; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v1Sam 11:8 v1Sam 11:9; Exod 32:20; Lev 14:7 (Lev 14:53 אל), Isa 18:2; Isa 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezek 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַלפְּֿנֵי
a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך), Jer 15:1, השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23; 2Kgs 24:20 (Jer 52:3), Jer 7:15, נטשׁ Jer 23:39, הסיר 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31.
b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 8:8; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; 1Kgs 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jer 28:16; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3.

BDB6683 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָ֑י 1Kgs 6:17, Ew^{§ 164 a} Ke as adjective, anterior, but read, with ᵐ5, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit and others

before, face, presence, because, faces, …

pānîm

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

face

face, faces

before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

בְּ יַ֖ד

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

יַ֖ד

Root word hand, hands, by, next, power, …

Dictionary form: יָד · yawd

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: us by

his hand ×100 hand ×94 into the hand ×56 thine hand ×53 by the hand ×51 in his hand ×47 the hand ×46 by ×36

More options

hand — Most common rendering; use for literal physical hand.

power — Prefer when יָד conveys authority or control over someone.

care — Use for custody, charge, or stewardship contexts.

side — Spatial sense; beside or next to a location.

strength — When emphasizing capacity or force rather than body part.

control — Modern alternative to 'dominion'; fits governance contexts.

BDB3437 H3027

יָד₁₆₀₄ noun feminine^{Gen 25:26} + often (masculine Exod 17:12 see Di; on יִרְפּוּ יָדַיִם 2Sam 4:1; Zeph 3:16; 2Chr 15:7; Neh 6:9, see Ges^{«GKC:145»§ 145}, 7 a, R. 1) hand (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְדָא, ; Zinjirliיד DHM^{Sendsch.Gloss}; Arabic ; Sabean יד DHM^{ZMG 1883, 343} Mordt^{ib. 1879, 492}; Ethiopic : (see Lag^{BN 22}); Samaritan ; Assyrian îdu, strength COT^Gloss; — der by most from √ לי֞, on ground of plural and suffix forms in cognate languages, see especially Philippi^{ZMG 1878, 74} Ba^{ZMG 1887, 637} but no trace of final י or ו in Hebrew, and meaning of such √ לי֞ not clear; Thes and others from ידה extend, throw, but this in Arabic Ethiopic פו֞, not פי֞, compare Hebrew Hiph`il; Philippi compare Arabic IV. strengthen; — Sta^{§ 182, 183 regards} יד as biliteral) — absolute יָד Gen 38:28 +; construct יַד Gen 41:35 +; suffix יָדִי Gen 14:22 +; יָדְךָ Gen 22:12 + יָדְכָה Exod 13:16 יֶדְכֶם Gen 9:2 +; יֶדְכֶן Ezek 13:21 (twice in verse); Ezek 13:23, etc.; dual יָדַיִם Gen 34:21 +; construct יְדֵי Gen 24:30 + וִידֵי Exod 15:17 +, etc.; feminine plural (in figurative senses) absoluteיָדוֺת Gen 43:24 + 8 t.; יָדֹת Gen 47:24 + 2 t.; construct וִידוֺת 1Kgs 7:32 suffix יְדֹתָיו Exod 26:19 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; cstr יְדֹתֶיהָ 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36.; יְדוֺתָם 1Kgs 7:33 —

1. hand of man Gen 3:22; Gen 4:11; Gen 8:9 + often; תַּבְנִית יָד Ezek 8:3 the shape of a hand (of God in Ezek,'s vision); of cherubim יַד אָדָם ׳ת Ezek 10:8, דְּמוּת יְדֵי אָדָם V:21:
a. right hand יַדיְֿמִינ (וֺׅ Gen 48:17 (JE), Judg 7:20; 2Sam 20:9; Jer 22:24; Ezek 39:3; Ps 73:23; Ps 121:5 הַיְמָנִית[ ם]יד Exod 29:20; Lev 8:23; Lev 8:24; Lev 14:14; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:25; Lev 14:28 (all P); a left-handed man is אִטֵּר יַדיְֿמִינוֺ Judg 3:15; Judg 20:16 (V.אטר); left hand יַד שְׂמאֹל(וֺׅ Judg 3:21; Judg 7:20; Ezek 39:8 both hands of one person are denoted by dual, יָדַיִם Gen 27:22; 2Kgs 3:11 + often; occasionally + numeral, שְׁתֵּי יָדָ֑י Deut 9:15; Deut 9:17, so Lev 16:21 (P); dual also of hands of several persons Gen 5:29; Exod 29:10; Exod 29:15; Exod 29:19; Deut 31:29; 2Kgs 11:16 = 2Chr 23:15; Ezek 21:12 +; yet sometimes singular of hand of several persons Gen 19:16; Exod 29:9; Lev 8:24; Deut 1:25; Deut 17:7 (twice in verse); Judg 7:20 (twice in verse) +
b. שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֺת ידיו 1Sam 5:4 the two palms of his hands; כַּפּוֺת הידים 2Kgs 9:35; Dan 10:10 אַצִּילוֺת יָדֶיךָ armpits Jer 38:12; Ezek 13:18 בֹּהֶן יָדָיו Exod 29:20 (P) = his thumbs (opposed to בֹּהֶן רַגְלָם); בְּהֹנוֺת יד(יו) ורגל(יוׅ Judg 1:6; Judg 1:7 bracelets were worn on hands, i.e. wrists Gen 24:22; Gen 24:30; Gen 24:47 (J), compare thread bound on hand of Zerach Gen 38:28 (twice in verse); Gen 38:29; Gen 38:30 (J), and cords on hands of Samson Judg 15:14 the ring was worn on hand, i.e. finger Gen 41:42 (E), Esth 3:10.
c.as to hands in use, note זְרֹעֵי ידיו Gen 49:24 arms of his hands, i.e. arms which make his hands serviceable; מִלֵּא יָדוֺ בַּקֶּשֶׁת 2Kgs 9:24 he filled his hand with the bow, i.e. caused his hand to grasp it, seized it; הַרְכֵּב יָדְךָ עַלהַֿקֶּשֶׁת 2Kgs 13:16 (twice in verse); especially figurative of consecrating or installing (as priest), מִלֵּא יַד he filled the hand of any one (perhaps originally gave the selected portions of animal-sacrifices to, see Lev 8:25 ff, so Di), installed as priest Judg 17:5; Judg 17:12. 1Kgs 13:33 (followed by וְ subordinate); elsewhere only P and late: Exod 28:41 (|| קִדַּשׁ), Exod 29:9 also vExod 29:29 (|| משׁח), vExod 29:33 קדּשׁ, vExod 29:35; Lev 8:33; Lev 2:9; Lev 16:33, followed by infinitive Lev 16:33 (|| משׁח), Lev 21:10 (|| יוּצַק שֶׁמֶן), Num 3:3(|| משׁח); מִלֵּאתֶם יֶרְכֶם ליהוה 2Chr 29:31 = ye have consecrated yourselves to ׳י, is addressed apparently to the whole congregation (otherwise Be Öttli, and Di Exod 32:29); so the same expression Exod 32:29 so the same expression Exod 32:29 (possibly) and 1Chr 29:5 (certainly) of offering gifts to ׳י; מִלְאוּ יָד֯ו Ezek 43:26 of consecrating the altar (|| כִּפֶּר, טִהַר); שָׁלַח יַד לְ Judg 5:26 stretch out hand to, so ישׁלח אֶלֿ 2Sam 6:6 (insert ידו Vrss Dr); hence מִשְׁלַח יד(כ)ם that to which one puts the hand, figurative, = undertaking, Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 15:10; Deut 23:21; Deut 28:8; Deut 28:20 ; שׁלח יד also in hostile sense, with בְּ, Exod 22:7; 1Sam 24:7; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 26:11; Ps 55:21 +; compare מוֺאָב מִשְׁלוֺחַ יָדָם Isa 11:14 אֶבֶןיָֿד Num 35:17 (P) a stone (thrown from) the hand; כְּלִי עֵץיָֿד vNum 35:18 a weapon in the hand; מַקֵּל יָד Ezek 39:9 a staff in the hand; idols are ׳מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי וגו Isa 2:8 + often see מַעֲשֶׂה; man is work of God's hand Job 14:15.
d. special phrases: kissing with the hand וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Job 31:27 (in silence) יָדִי שַׂמְתִּי לְמוֺ פִי Job 40:4; Mic 7:16 (עַלפֶּֿה); the creditor is בַּעַל מַשֵּׁה יָדוֺ Deut 15:2 the debt מַשָּׁא כָליָֿד Neh 10:32 תְּרוּמַת יֶדְכֶם Deut 12:6; Deut 12:11; Deut 12:17 heave-offering of your hand; the hand is placed תחת יָרֵךְ in taking an oath Gen 24:2 (J); lifted (הרים) to ׳י Gen 14:22 so perhaps יָד עַלכֵּֿס יָהּ Exod 17:16 (E) hand on the throne of Yah ! (but difficult, see Di VB); often with ׃נשׂא the hand is lifted (נשׂא) to heaven Deut 32:40 (of ׳י's oath, poem); elsewhere chiefly Ezekiel and P: simply lift (נשׂא) the hand (= נשׁבע), sq, infinitive Exod 6:8; Num 14:30 (both P), Ezek 20:28; Ezek 20:42; Ezek 47:14 followed by לְ person Ezek 20:5 (twice in verse) (strike out Co as gloss); followed by לְ person + infinitive Ezek 20:6; Ezek 20:15; Ezek 20:23 absolute Ezek 36:7 hence (citations) Neh 9:15; Ps 106:26 compare Neh 8:6 the people answered אָמֵן אָמֵן בְּמֹעַל יְדֵיהֶם; נשׂא יד(יםׅ elsewhere (of men) in prayer Ps 28:2 compare Ps 68:32, and יָדִי לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה Ps 77:3. Also of God, to give a signal Isa 49:29 to rescue Ps 10:12. יְנֹפֵף יָדוֺ Isa 10:32 he brandisheth his hand (Assyrian, in defiance); הֵנִיף יָדוֺ Isa 11:15 (of ׳י in judgment), compareIsa 19:16; Zech 2:13 (followed byעל); הֵנִיעַ יָדוֺ); Zeph 2:15 (in derision); הוֺשִׁיעַ ידלְ one's hand bringing deliverance to, gaining success, by force, for 1Sam 25:26 + (see Dr), insert also v1Sam 25:31 (ᵐ5 We Dr); the hand is weary יָגְָֽעָה 2Sam 23:10, it cleaves (דבק) to the sword (אֶלהַֿחֶרֶב) v2Sam 23:10 (both omitted by accident in || 1Chr 11:13, see VB); שֶׁכֶר יָד Lev 21:9 (H) fracture of hand = arm (|| שֶׁבֶר רגל); after נָתַן: give a pledge וִיִּתְּנוּ יָדָם לְהוֺצִיא נְשֵׁיהֶם Ezra 10:19 submit נָתַן יַד תַּחַת שְׁלֹמֹה 1Chr 29:24, i.e. they acknowledged him as their lord; תְּנויָֿד ליהוה; 2Chr 30:8 other phrase with preposition see below
e. of hand as strong, helpful, etc.: — (I) of man : עֹצֶם יָדִי Deut 8:17 (|| כֹּחִי); of fighting power of Edom בְּיָד חֲזָקָה Num 20:20 (J E; || בְּעַם כָּבֵד; compare below of God); קִצְרֵייָֿד small in power 2Kgs 19:26 = Isa 37:27 (compare below of God); Israel went out of Egypt בְּיָד רָמָה according to P, Exod 14:8; Num 33:3 i.e. boldly, defiantly; same phrase of presumptuousness (against ׳י) Num 15:30 (P, compare יָדֵנוּ רָ֫מָהDeut 32:27). Phrases of strengthening are: חִזַּק יָדָתו Judg 9:24; Neh 6:9 חִזֵּק בְּיָדַיִם Ezra 1:6 החזיק בְּיַדֿ Job 8:20 (see חזק); לִהְיוֺת יָדָיו אִתּוֺ 2Kgs 15:19 that his hands might be with him, to confirm the kingdom in his hand; note also מִיהֿוּא לְיָדִי יִתָּקֵעַ Job 17:3 who is he (that) will strike his hand into mine, i.e. give me a pledge (see below תקע); strength fails when hands drop: וַיִּרְפּוּ יָדָיו 2Sam 4:1 then his hands dropped down, he grew feeble, spiritless (see רפה); רְפֵי יָדַיִם 2Sam 17:2 weak-handed, weak (|| יָגֵעַ). (2) of (mighty) hand of God, pointing to earlier anthropomorphism; as strengthening Joseph Gen 49:24 (poem in J); as stretched out (שׁלח) to smite Exod 9:15 (J); so of ׳מַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16, followed by accusative + לְ infinitive, opposed to הֶ֫רֶף יָדֶ֑ךָ v2Sam 24:16 as smiting (נָָֽגְעָה בְּ) 1Sam 6:9; Job 19:21 as against (בְ among, in) cattle, etc., vJob 19:3 (J); city 1Sam 5:9 the murrain v1Sam 5:3 (J); יַדיֿהוה as heavy against (כבדה אֶל) 1Sam 5:6 שָׁם כָּֽבְדָה v1Sam 5:11 קָֽשְׁתה עַל v1Sam 5:7 of withdrawal of ׳י's chastising hand תָּסוּר יָדוֺ מִכֶּם 1Sam 6:3 and (׳י subject) יָקֵל אֶתיָֿדוֺ מֵעֲלֵיכֶם v1Sam 6:5 of ׳י's power to deliver his people: — חֹ֫זֶק יָד Exod 13:3; Exod 13:14; Exod 13:16 (all J E) ; יָד חֲזָקָה Exod 6:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Exod 13:9 (JE), Deut 6:21; Deut 7:8; Josh 4:24 (D); esp: in phrase (בְּ)יָד חֲזָקָה וּ(בִ)זְרוֺעַ נְטוּיָה Deut 4:34 + (see זְרוֺעַ p. 284); יד חזקה + כֹּחַ גָּדוֺל Exod 32:11 (JE), Neh 1:10 תִּקְצָ֑ר הֲיַד ׳י Num 11:23 (JE) is the hand of ׳י shortened ? Isa 50:2; Isa 59:1 (both followed by מִן); יָד נְטוּיָה in judgment Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4 עלי(וׅ ׳הָֽיְתָה יַדיֿ of grasp of ׳י's hand in prophetic inspiration Ezek 1:3; Ezek 3:22; Ezek 37:1; Ezek 40:1; 2Kgs 3:15 עָלַי חזקה ׳יַדיֿ Ezek 3:14 so בְּחֶזְקַת הַיָּד֑ Isa 8:11 of God's (׳י's) good hand = favour, (late) אלה(יו) טוֺבָה על(יו) יַד Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Neh 2:8; Neh 2:18 without טוֺבָה Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31 followed by inf, יַד האלהים לָתֵת לָהֶם 2Chr 30:12 בְּיָָֽדְךָ לְגַדֵּל 1Chr 29:12 in general כֹּחַ וּגְבוּרָה בְּיָָֽדְךָ v1Chr 29:12 of protection בְּצֵל יָדוֺ Isa 49:2 in the shadow of his (׳י's) hand.

2. Figurative= strength, power: — לָנוּס לֹא הָיָה בָהֶם יָדָיִם Josh 8:20 (JE) there was not in them strength to flee; לֹא מָֽצְאוּ כָלאַֿנְשֵׁיחַֿיִל יְדֵיהֶם Ps 76:6 none of the men of might have found their hands, i.e. their powers are paralyzed in death (|| נָמוּ שְׁנָתָם); with reference to pecuniary ability: תַּ גִּיעַ יָדוֺ דֵּי שֶׂה Lev 5:7 (on this and others with דֵּי see דַּי p. 191); לִשְׁתֵּי תוֺרִים תַּגִּיעַ יָדוֺ vLev 5:11 if his hand do not reach to two turtledoves; אֵין יָדוֺ מַשֶּׂגֶת Lev 14:21 if his hand be unable to reach; so combinations with נשׂג Hiph`il: vLev 14:22 vLev 14:30 vLev 14:31 vLev 14:32; Num 6:21 (all foregoing P), Lev 25:26; Lev 25:47; Lev 25:49; Lev 27:8 (all H), Ezek 46:7 כְּמִתְּנַת יָדוֺ Deut 16:17 according to the giving of his hand, i.e. his ability; similarly מַתַּת יָדוֺ Ezek 46:5; Ezek 46:11 on יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדִי Gen 31:29, etc., see II. אֵל above; other phrase with preposition see below; of dominion of king לְהָשִׁיב יָדוֺ בְּ 2Sam 8:3 read probably as || 1Chr 18:3 לְהַצִּיב יָדוֺ בְּ to establish his dominion at; hand = display of strength, action of ׳י Ps 78:42; Job 27:11; Deut 34:12 especially ׳הַיָּד הַיָּד הַגְּדֹלָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה י Exod 14:31 (J) = the great achievement which ׳י did.

3. Figurative= side:
a. of way יַד דֶּרֶךְ 1Sam 4:13 Qr (Kt יך; but read probably לְיַד השׁער see Dr.).
b. of gate בְּעַד יַדהַֿשַּׁעַר 1Sam 4:18 (text dubious, see Dr).
c. of stream or wady כָּליַֿד נַחַל יַבֹּק Deut 2:37. Especially dual:
d. of land, ארץ רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם Gen 34:21 (P) the land is wide of (on) both hands, i.e. in both directions, Judg 18:10; Isa 22:18; 1Chr 4:40 of city Neh 7:4 of sea Ps 104:25 of streams רַחֲבֵי יָדָ֑יִם Isa 33:21 מִיּד כִּתִּים Num 24:24 (JE) from the direction of Kittim. — Other phrase with preposition see below
e. side = place, properly place at one side לְךָ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה וְיָד תִּהְיֶה Deut 23:13 אִישׁ אֶתיָֿדוֺ Jer 6:3 each (in) his place; so כָּלאִֿישׁ עַליָֿדוֺ Num 2:17 (P); — see other phrases with preposition below

4. יָד is used in various special, technical senses: —
a. sign, monument 1Sam 15:12; 2Sam 18:18.
b. part, fractional part or share: of seed Gen 47:24 (J); share in king 2Sam 19:44 of fighting men 2Kgs 11:17 of people Neh 11:1
c. time, repetition Gen 43:34 (J), Dan 1:20. Also feminine plural (only in figure senses): —
d. axle-trees 1Kgs 7:32; 1Kgs 7:33 (ᵑ6 ).
e. stays, supports for laver 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36 stays at sides of throne 1Kgs 10:19 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 9:18 (twice in verse). feminine tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle שְׁתֵּי יָדוֺת Exod 26:17 (P), also vExod 26:19 vExod 26:19; Exod 36:22; Exod 36:24 (twice in verse).
g. יָד חָזִית Isa 57:8 according to Hi De Che Or Brd Du and most = a phallus thou beholdest; this favoured by context but without support in Hebrew usage; Di a (beckoning) hand.

5. יַד with preposition: —
a. אֶליַֿד: — (1) after verb of motion, into the charge, custody, of Esth 2:3; Esth 2:8 (twice in verse); Esth 2:14 (2) אֶליַֿד by the side of gate 2Sam 18:4 אֶליָֿדִי by my side, next to me 2Sam 14:30 אֶליַֿד דֶּרֶךְ Ezek 48:1 a; אֶליַֿד חֲמָת v^b (but on text see Co); compare also לְיַד, עַליַֿד.
b. בְּיַד into the hand: (1) נָתַן בְּיַד give into the hand of, literally, Gen 27:17 (2) into the possession of נָתַן בְּיַד Exod 10:25 (JE); especially (3) נתן ביד = give into the power of, deliver over to Josh 6:2; Josh 7:7 (both J E), Deut 1:27; Judg 2:14 a Judg 13:1; Judg 15:12; 1Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 18:30; 2Kgs 19:10 מָכַר בְּיַד sell into the hand of Judg 2:14 b Judg 3:8; Judg 4:2; Judg 4:9; Judg 10:7 נפל בְּיַד) fall into the hand of Judg 15:18; 2Sam 24:14 וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פִּשְׁעָם Job 8:4 and he delivered them into the power of their transgression, gave them over to it; also Isa 64:6, which read וַתְּמַגְּנֵנוּ for ᵑ0 וַתְּמוּגֵנוּ; (4) נתן בְּיַד = entrust to Gen 30:35; Gen 32:17.
c. בְּיַד in the hand of: (1) literal מַטְּךָ אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ Gen 38:18 (J) thy staff which is in thy hand, Exod 7:17 (J), Exod 17:9 (E), Exod 32:15; Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Josh 8:18 (all J E), 1Sam 13:22; 1Sam 14:27; 1Sam 17:50; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 20:10; 2Kgs 11:8; 2Kgs 11:11 = 2Chr 23:7; Amos 7:7; Isa 6:6; Ezek 40:3; Ezek 40:5; Ezek 47:3; Zech 2:5; Zech 8:4 אֵין בְּיָדִי רָעָה וָפֶ֫שַׁע 1Sam 14:12 there is not in my hand evil or transgression (originally probably of stains of blood, or other evidences of crime); מַהבְּֿיָדִי רָעָה 1Sam 26:18 (2) figurative in the possession of, Exod 21:16 (JE); נִמְצָא בְּיָדִי 1Sam 9:8 there is found in my hand, i.e. I happen to have (1/4 shekel); (3) in the (physical) power of Gen 16:6 (J; compare תִּתְעַנִּי תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ vGen 16:9), Job 1:12 בְּיַד לָשׁוֺן Prov 18:21 in the power of a tongue; in the care or charge of, entrusted to, Gen 39:23 (J); under the authority of 2Sam 18:2 (3 t. in verse); Num 31:49 (P); — Jer 41:9 (AV because of Gedaliah), read בּוֺר גָּדוֺל הוּא for ביד גדליהו הוא ᵐ5 Hi Kue Gf Che Gie Dr^{Sm 291}; (4) בְּיַד also with verbs of taking, וַיִּקַּח בְּיָדוֺ אֶתהָֿאֵשׁ Gen 22:6 and he took the fire in his hand, Exod 4:17; Exod 4:20; Exod 4:21 (all E), 1Sam 17:40; 2Kgs 9:1 thence to denote accompaniment, taking or being with one Josh 9:11 (JE), 2Sam 8:10; 1Kgs 14:3; 2Kgs 5:5 אִישׁ שׁוֺרוֺ בְּיָדוֺ 1Sam 14:34 compare 1Sam 16:2 קַח בְּיָָֽדְךָ שְׁלשִׁים אֲנָשִׁים Jer 38:10.
d. בְּיַד by the agency or instrumentality of Gen 38:20 (J), Judg 6:36; 1Sam 11:7; 1Sam 16:20; 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 10:2; 2Sam 11:4; 2Sam 12:25; 2Kgs 14:27 (the original literal sense discernible in some of these); especially of ׳י's speaking by the agency of prophets Exod 9:35 (R), Lev 8:36; Lev 10:11; Num 4:37; Num 4:45; Num 9:23; Num 10:13; Num 17:5; Josh 14:2; Josh 20:2; Josh 21:2; Josh 21:8 (all P), 1Sam 28:15; 1Sam 28:17; 1Kgs 16:7; 1Kgs 16:12; 1Kgs 16:34; 2Kgs 9:36; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Chr 1:17; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 10:15; 2Chr 33:8; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 35:6; Neh 8:14; Neh 9:14; Neh 9:30 ׳מוּת בְּיַד י Exod 16:3 (P) die by the hand of ׳י; בְּיַד by or at the side of (very rare) Zech 4:12 olive-branches beside the two golden pipes; = near to, in time, נָכוֺן בְּיָדוֺ יוֺם חשֶׁךְ Job 15:23 ready at his hand is a day of darkness (i.e. near at hand).
e. כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Kgs 10:13 according to the hand of the king, i.e. his royal munificence, so Esth 2:18 compare Esth 1:7. feminine לְיַד by the side of 1Sam 19:3; 1Chr 18:17; 1Chr 23:28; Neh 11:24; Prov 8:3; Ps 140:6.
g. מִיַּד out of the hand: — (1) out of power of, often nearly = מִן, used idomatically with many verbs: with הִצִּיל Ps 32:12 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 2:19; Exod 18:9; Exod 18:10 (twice in verse) (all J E), 1Sam 17:37 מִתַּחַת יַד Exod 18:10 (J E; so with פשׁע 2Chr 21:8; 2Chr 21:10 (twice in verse); compare
i. below); of animals מִיַּד 1Sam 17:37 (twice in verse), מִיַּדכֶּֿלֶב Ps 22:21 even of inanimate things הִצִּיל מִיַּד לֶהָבָה Isa 47:14 with לָקַח Num 21:26 (JE), 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 11:35 with קָרַע v1Kgs 11:12 v1Kgs 11:31 with מִלֵּט, מִיַּד שְׁאוֺל ׳מ Ps 89:49 with פָּדָה, מִיַּד שְׁאוֺל ׳פ Hos 13:14 (|| מִמָּ֫וֶת), Ps 49:16 מִידֵי חֶרֶב ׳פ Job 5:20 pregnantly יִשְׁפְּטֵנִי מִיָּדֶ֑ךָ 1Sam 24:16 may he (׳י) judge (and save) me out of thy hand; so 2Sam 18:19 and (with רִיב for שׁפט) 1Sam 25:39 (2) מִיּד of separation, מִיָָּֽדְךָ נִגְזָ֑רוּ Ps 88:6 of wicked, cut off from nearness to God; (3) מִיַּד דָּרַשׁ exact (at the hand) of 2Sam 4:11; Gen 9:5 (twice in verse) (P), Ezek 33:6; Ezek 34:10 (= דָּרַשׁ מֵעִם Deut 18:19), also of animals Gen 9:5 בִּקֵּשׁ מִיַּד Ezek 33:8 קָנָה מִיַּד Ruth 4:5; Ruth 4:9 acquire at the hand of; with reference to offerings הִקְרִיב מִיַּד Lev 22:25 (H), רָצָה מִיֵּד (׳י subject) Mal 1:10; Mal 1:13 רָצוֺן מִיַּד לָקַח Mal 2:13.
h. עַליֿד(יׅ: — (1) upon the hand(s) of תְּנָה אֹתוֺ עַליָֿדִי Gen 42:37 = entrust him to me (E; literally put him upon my hand); חָ֑רֶב יַגִּירֻהוּ עַליְֿדֵיֿ Ps 63:11 they shall pour him out upon the hands of the sword = deliver him up to the sword; so Jer 18:21; Ezek 35:5 (2) עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי according to the hand(s) of = at the guidance, direction of: עַליַֿד 1Chr 25:2 a 2Chr 26:13 עַליְֿדֵי Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13, and especially Chronicles: 1Chr 25:2b; 1Chr 25:3; 1Chr 25:6 (twice in verse); עַליְֿדֵי דָוִיד 2Chr 23:18; Ezra 3:10 עַליְֿדֵי כְּלִי דָוִיד 2Chr 29:27 according to the guidance of the instruments of David; (3) by the side of, way הַשַּׁעַר עַליַֿד דֶּרֶךְ 2Sam 15:2 river עַליַֿד (היארׅ Exod 2:5 (E), Num 13:29 (J E; || עַלהַֿיָּם), Jer 46:6; Dan 10:4 city Josh 15:46 (JE); person ( = in the company of) 2Sam 15:18 people 2Chr 21:16 especially late עַליַֿד next to (in a series) 2Chr 17:15; 2Chr 17:16; 2Chr 17:18; 2Chr 31:15; Neh 3:2 (twice in verse) + 13 t. Neh 3; Neh 13:13 עַליְֿדֵי by the side of Judg 11:26 people עַליְֿדֵי (אדוםׅ Num 34:3 (P), 1Chr 7:29 cattle Job 1:14 שִׁיר הֶעֱמִיד עַליְֿדֵי 1Chr 6:16 he stationed them by the side of song, i.e. to watch over the singing.
i. תַּחַת יַד under the hand = in the possession, at the disposal of; ׳וְאִין יֶשׁפֹּֿה תַֿחַתיָָֽֿדְךָ חֲנִית וגו 1Sam 21:9 = in the power of, subject to Isa 3:6 come, thou shalt be our ruler and this ruin under thy hand; plural followed by verb, וְהִתְעַנִּי תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ Gen 16:9 (J) and submit thyself under her hands, her authority, Isa 3:6. — מִתַּחַת יַד see
g. (1) above, and below תַּחַת.

**For מִתַּחַת יַך, 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22 ( = 2Chr 21:8; 2Chr 21:10), 2Chr 13:5; 2Chr 17:7.

BDB3535 H3027 H3197

יך 1Sam 4:13 Kt; error for יד Qr.

BDB9569 H3027 H3028

יַד noun feminine^{Dan 5:5} hand (see Biblical Hebrew); — construct ׳י Ezra 5:12 +; emphatic יְדָא Dan 5:5; Dan 5:24 suffix יְדִי Dan 3:15, יְדָךְ vDan 3:17, יְדֵהּEzra 6:12, יֶדְהֹם (K^{§ 53. 2. a})) Ezra 5:8, etc.; dual absolute בִּידַ֫יִן Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45 —

1. hand of man Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45; Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:12, and (in vision) Dan 5:5 (twice in verse); Dan 5:24 figurative בִּידָח in thy possession Ezra 7:14; Ezra 7:25 figurative of God Ezra 4:32.

2. power, of man Dan 2:38; Dan 3:15; Dan 3:17; Dan 7:28; Ezra 5:12, of God Dan 5:23 of lion Dan 6:28 (al. paw).

hand, hands, by, next, power, …

yād

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from H3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote [as follows]

hand

hand (of man)

sign, monument

עֲבָדָ֥י ו

עֲבָדָ֥י

Root word servants, servant, bondmen, manservant, bondage, …

ו

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: עֶבֶד · eh-BED

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his servants

thy servant ×90 his servants ×68 thy servants ×56 servants ×53 my servant ×40 the servant ×40 his servant ×30 and his servants ×22

More options

servant — Broadest, most neutral choice for most contexts.

slave — Emphasizes legal ownership; use when bondage is explicit.

attendant — Highlights personal service to a superior; courtly contexts.

subject — Good for political/royal contexts; stresses subordination.

worker — Downplays social status; use cautiously, may be too weak.

bondservant — Retains covenantal nuance; useful in theological passages.

BDB5735 H5650

I. עֶ֫בֶד₇₉₉ noun masculine slave, servant (on formation Lag^{BN 77}); — ׳ע Gen 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Gen 44:10 +; suffix עַבְדִּי Gen 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Gen 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Gen 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Gen 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי Gen 21:25 +, suffix עֲבָדַי Lev 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Josh 9:11 +, etc.; —

1. slave, servant of household Gen 39:17; Gen 39:19; Gen 41:12; Gen 50:2; Exod 21:2 +; man-servant, || אמה Exod 20:10; Lev 25:6; Deut 5:14; Job 31:13 +; || שׁפחה Gen 12:16; Gen 32:6; Jer 34:11; Isa 14:2 +; + אדון Deut 23:16; Isa 24:2; Mal 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exod 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jer 2:14 עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Gen 9:25 בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exod 13:3; Exod 13:14 (D ?) Deut 5:6; Deut 6:12; Deut 7:8; Deut 8:14; Deut 13:6; Deut 13:11; Josh 24:17; Judg 6:8; Jer 34:13; Mic 6:4 וזכרת כי עבד היית מצרים ב(ארץׅ and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deut 5:15; Deut 15:15; Deut 16:12; Deut 24:18; Deut 24:22 king of Babylon is slave to ׳י Jer 25:9; Jer 27:6; Jer 43:10 the borrower to the lender Prov 22:7 figurative of beast Job 40:28 of things Gen 47:19.

2. Subjects, of chief Gen 26:15; Gen 26:19; Gen 26:25; Gen 26:32; Gen 27:37; Gen 32:17 (twice in verse) +; of king Gen 21:25; Exod 7:28; Exod 7:29; 1Kgs 9:27; Deut 29:1 +; vassal kings 2Sam 10:19 tributary nations 2Sam 8:2; 2Sam 8:6; 2Sam 8:14 = 1Chr 18:2; 1Chr 18:6; 1Chr 18:13 specifically officers of king 1Sam 19:1; 1Sam 21:8; 2Sam 11:13; Prov 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Gen 40:20; Gen 41:10 שָׁאוּל ׳ע 1Sam 16:17; 1Sam 18:22; 1Sam 28:7 הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ע 1Kgs 1:47; Esth 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 22:12 = 2Chr 34:20 (a court offical); opposed to שַׂר Prov 19:10; Eccl 10:7 מֶלֶךְ Prov 30:22 ambassadors Num 22:18; 2Sam 10:2 soldiers of army 1Sam 17:8; 1Sam 25:10; 2Sam 2:12, + officers of army 1Sam 29:3; 1Kgs 11:26; 2Kgs 25:8; Isa 36:9.

3. Servants, worshippers, of God: עַבְדֵי יהוה 2Kgs 9:7; 2Kgs 10:23; Isa 54:17, compare Gen 50:17; Isa 56:6 עֲבָדָיו Deut 32:36 = Ps 135:14; Isa 65:15; Isa 66:14; Ps 34:23; Ps 69:37; Neh 2:20 || עַמּוֺ Ps 105:25 compare Deut 32:43 עֲבָּדַי Isa 65:8; Isa 65:9; Isa 65:13 (twice in verse); Isa 69:13; Isa 69:14 עֲבָדֶיךָ 1Kgs 8:23; Isa 63:17 (|| שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Ps 89:51; Ps 90:13; Ps 90:16; Ps 102:15; Ps 102:29; Ps 119:91; Ps 79:2; Ps 79:10 (|| חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Lev 25:42; Lev 25:55 (twice in verse); Lev 26:13 (P); עַבְדְּךָ Ps 119:125; Ps 143:2, || בֶּןאֲֿמָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 86:16; Ps 116:16 (twice in verse); specifically angels Job 4:18 and ancient worthies, patriarchs Exod 32:13 (J) Deut 9:27 Abraham Gen 26:24 (J) Ps 105:6; Ps 105:42 Isaac Gen 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Ezek 28:25; Ezek 37:25; 1Chr 16:13 Moses Exod 14:31; Josh 18:7 (J) Num 12:7; Num 12:8 (E) Deut 34:5 (?) Josh 1:1; Josh 1:2; Josh 1:7; Josh 1:13; Josh 1:15; Josh 8:31; Josh 8:33; Josh 9:24; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:15; Josh 12:6 (twice in verse); Josh 13:8; Josh 14:7; Josh 22:2; Josh 22:4; Josh 22:5 (all D), 1Kgs 8:53; 1Kgs 8:56; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Kgs 21:8; 1Chr 6:34; 2Chr 1:3; 2Chr 24:6; 2Chr 24:9; Neh 1:8; Neh 9:14; Neh 10:30; Ps 105:26; Mal 3:22; Dan 9:11 Joshua Josh 24:29 (E) Judg 2:8 Caleb Num 14:24 (J); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7; Job 42:8 (3 t. in verse); David 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 7:5; 2Sam 7:8; 2Sam 7:26 + 27 t.; Hezekiah 2Chr 32:16 Zerubbabel Hag 2:23 Eliakim Isa 22:20. — The צֶמַח Zech 3:8 compare Zech 6:12 is also servant of ׳י as Messianic builder of temple (see Br^{MP 442 ff}).

4. Servant of ׳י, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Ps 113:1; Ps 134:1; Ps 135:1 usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2Kgs 9:7; 2Kgs 17:13; Jer 7:25; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:15; Jer 44:4; Ezek 38:17; Zech 1:6 עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:10; 2Kgs 24:2; Jer 25:4; Amos 3:7; Dan 9:10 עֲבָדֶיךָ הנביאים Ezra 9:11; Dan 9:6 specifically Ahia 1Kgs 14:18; 1Kgs 15:29 Elijah 2Kgs 9:36; 2Kgs 10:10 Jonah 2Kgs 14:25 Isaiah Isa 20:3 עַבְדּוֺ, || מלאכיו Isa 44:26 as one calling to fear ׳י Isa 50:10.

5. Israel as a people is servant of ׳׃י יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 41:8; Isa 41:9; Isa 44:21 (twice in verse); Isa 49:3; Ps 136:22 יעקב Isa 44:1; Isa 44:2; Isa 45:4; Isa 48:20; Isa 46:27; Isa 47:28 עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, || מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Isa 42:19 (twice in verse); and chosen as witness of ׳י Isa 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isa 42:1 (compare vIsa 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Isa 49:5; Isa 49:6; Isa 49:7 bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Isa 52:13; Isa 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contrasted with the actual; al. of personified || with Zion the wife and mother, distinguished from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in Isa 53) of an actual prophecy known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see Matt 8:16; Matt 8:17; Matt 12:16-21; Luke 4:17-22; Phil 2:5-11]; see De^{Isa ii. 174} Da^{Expos. 1884, 358 ff.} Di Du Che and others on Isa 42; Isa 53, Dr^{Is 168 ff.} Br^{MP 345 ff.}, also Gie^{Beitr. 146 ff.} Berthol^{Isa 53}.

6. In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person singular, I, Gen 18:3; 1Sam 20:7; 1Sam 20:8 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Gen 42:11; Isa 36:11 also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1Sam 26:18; 1Sam 26:19; 2Sam 14:22; 2Sam 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Exod 4:10; Num 11:11; Judg 15:18; 1Sam 3:9; 1Sam 3:10; 1Sam 25:39; 2Sam 24:10; Ps 19:12; Ps 19:14; Ps 27:9; Ps 31:17; Ps 35:27; Ps 69:18; Ps 109:28; Ps 143:2 +.

7. Phrases are: עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Gen 9:26; Gen 9:27; Gen 44:10; Gen 44:16; Gen 44:17; Gen 44:33; Gen 47:19; Gen 47:26 (J) Deut 6:21; Deut 15:17; 2Sam 8:14; 2Kgs 17:3; 2Kgs 24:1; 1Chr 18:2; 1Chr 18:6; 1Chr 18:13; 2Chr 10:7; Prov 11:29; Prov 12:9; Prov 22:7 היה לעבד, with לְ person, Gen 44:9 (J) Gen 50:18 (E) 1Sam 8:17; 1Sam 17:9 (twice in verse); 1Sam 27:12; 2Sam 8:2; 2Sam 8:6; Jer 34:16 כבשׁ לעבדים 2Chr 28:10; Neh 5:5; Jer 34:11 ׳לקח לע Gen 43:18 (J) 2Kgs 4:1; Job 40:28.

BDB9746 H5649 H5650

[עֲבַד D^p.105, or עֲבֵד K^{§ 54, 3.} γ)] noun masculine slave, servant (Biblical Hebrew עֶ֫בֶד); — construct עֲבֵד Dan 6:21 servant of God; plural suffix of king, עבדיך Kt (K^{§ 53 Anm. b})), עַבְדָּךְ Qr Ezra 4:11, עַבְדָךְ Qr Dan 2:4 suffix of God, עַבְד֫וֺתִי, Dan 3:26; Dan 3:28; Ezra 5:11, of king Dan 2:7.

servants, servant, bondmen, manservant, bondage, …

ʿebed

a servant

slave, servant

slave, servant, man-servant

הַ נְּבִיאִֽים

הַ

Prefix — article the

נְּבִיאִֽים

Root word prophet, prophets, prophesy, prophecy

Dictionary form: נָבִיא · naw-BEE

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the prophets

the prophet ×93 the prophets ×52 of the prophets ×21 a prophet ×14 and the prophets ×12 prophets ×12 and the prophet ×11 prophet ×10

More options

prophet — Modernized from KJV; the standard, widely understood term.

spokesperson — Emphasizes the role of speaking on God's behalf.

seer — Highlights the visionary aspect; good for earlier narrative contexts.

herald — Stresses the proclamation and messenger function.

oracle-giver — Useful when the focus is on delivering divine messages.

BDB4928 H5030

נָבִיא₃₀₆ noun masculine spokesman, speaker, prophet — ׳נ Gen 20:7 + 155 t.; suffix נְבִיאֶ֑ךָ Exod 7:1 plural נְבִיאִים Num 11:29 + 82 t.; נְנִאִים Jer 27:18 + 16 t.; suffix נְבִיאַי Ps 105:15 נְבִיָאו 1Kgs 22:22 נְבִיאָו֯ 2Kgs 17:13, etc.; —

1. genuine prophet of ׳י, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, 1Sam 9:9 (antiquarian note); change probably occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ehpraimitic source literally as applied to Abraham Gen 20:7 Moses Deut 34:10, M. and other early prophets. Hos 6:5; Hos 12:11 (twice in verse); Hos 12:14 (twice in verse); Amos 2:11; Amos 2:12 of prophets in ecstatic state Num 12:6 (E), Num 11:24 (JE). So in Judaic literature, of prophet like Moses Deut 18:15; Deut 18:18 (D), of Aaron (as mouthpiece of Moses) Exod 7:1 (P), of Samuel 1Sam 3:20, an unknown Judg 6:8 in time of Samuel prophets were organized in bands: חֶבֶל נביאים ׳להקת הנ 1Sam 19:20 and in time of Elijah were בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets' guilds 1Kgs 20:35; 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; 2Kgs 2:7; 2Kgs 2:15; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Kgs 4:38 (twice in verse); נָבִיא of genuine prophets (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only Jeremiah, Jer 1:5 Ezekiel, Ezek 2:5 = Ezek 33:33 of ancient prophets Jer 28:8; Jer 28:9 (3 t. in verse); Zech 1:6; Zech 8:9 especially הנביאים הראשׁנים Zech 1:4; Zech 7:7; Zech 7:12, compare הנביאים עבדי(וׅ my (his) servants the prophets 2Kgs 9:7; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:10; 2Kgs 24:2 (all R^D) Ezra 9:11; Jer 7:25; Jer 25:4; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:15; Jer 44:4; Amos 3:7; Zech 1:6, compare Ezek 38:17; Dan 9:6 ׳עבדוֺ הַנּ his servant the prophet 1Kgs 14:18; 2Kgs 14:25 הַנָּבִיא with proper name: Jerome, 2Chr 36:12; Dan 9:2 + 31 t. Jeremiah (but ᵐ5 only 4 t., the rest probably redactional, see Gie^{Jer. xxvii}); Elijah 1Kgs 18:36 (om ᵐ5), 2Chr 21:12; Mal 3:23 Nathan 2Sam 7:2 + 10 t. Samuel and Kings; 4 t. Chronicles; Ps 51:2 (title); Isaiah, 2Kgs 19:2; 2Kgs 20:1; 2Kgs 20:14 = Isa 37:2; Isa 38:1; Isa 39:1; 2Kgs 20:11; 2Chr 26:22; 2Chr 32:20; 2Chr 32:32 Habakkuk Hab 1:1; Hab 3:1 (titles); Haggai, Hag 1:1; Hag 1:3; Hag 1:12; Hag 2:1; Hag 2:10 Zechariah, Zech 1:1; Zech 1:7 (titles); elsewhere several others in Samuel, Kings and Chronicles 15 t.; נביא is used elsewhere of genuine prophecy only 1Sam 9:9 + 34 t. Samuel and Kings; 1Chr 16:22 = Ps 105:15, + 13 t. Chronicles; Ps 74:9 complains of absence of ׳נ; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֺן וְנָבִיא Dan 9:24 see חתם

2. false prophets: prophets as official class, beside priests, character as false prophets: Isa 28:7; Jer 2:26; Jer 4:9; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:1; Jer 8:10; Jer 13:13; Jer 14:18; Jer 18:18; Jer 23:11; Jer 23:33; Jer 23:34; Jer 26:7; Jer 26:8; Jer 26:11; Jer 26:16; Jer 32:32; Zech 7:3, app. also 2Kgs 23:2; Neh 9:32; Lam 2:20; Jer 29:1; Ezek 7:26 (in these not characterized); always false (except of ancient and special prophets given above) in Amos 7:14; Hos 4:5; Hos 9:7; Hos 9:8; Mic 3:5; Mic 3:6; Mic 3:11; Isa 3:2; Isa 9:14; Isa 29:10; Isa 5:13; Isa 5:31; Isa 14:13; Isa 14:14; Isa 14:15 (twice in verse); Jer 23:9 + 16 t. Jer 27:9; Jer 27:14; Jer 27:15; Jer 27:16; Jer 27:18; Jer 29:8; Jer 29:15; Jer 37:19; Ezek 13:2 (twice in verse); Ezek 13:3; Ezek 13:4; Ezek 13:9; Ezek 13:16; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9 (twice in verse); Ezek 14:10; Ezek 22:25; Ezek 22:28; Zeph 3:4; Lam 2:9; Lam 2:14; Lam 4:13 especially discredited Deut 13:2; Deut 13:4; Deut 13:6; Deut 18:20 (twice in verse); Deut 18:22 (twice in verse); Zech 13:2; Zech 13:4; Zech 13:5 such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Jer 28:1; Jer 28:5; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:12; Jer 28:15; Jer 28:17 ( ᵐ5 omits in all but vJer 28:1, where ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisdom Literature, and Psalms (except for special reasons in 3 Psalms given under 1).

3. heathen prophets 1Kgs 18:20; 1Kgs 19:1; 2Kgs 3:13 (twice in verse); נביאי האשׁדה 1Kgs 18:19 נביאי הבעל 1Kgs 18:19; 1Kgs 18:22; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:40; 2Kgs 10:19; 1Kgs 22:6; 1Kgs 22:10; 1Kgs 22:12; 1Kgs 22:13; 1Kgs 22:22; 1Kgs 22:23 = 2Chr 18:5; 2Chr 18:9; 2Chr 18:11; 2Chr 18:12; 2Chr 18:21; 2Chr 18:22.

BDB9684 H5029 H5030

[נְבִיא] noun masculine prophet (Hebraism? also ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew); — emphatic נְבִיאָה Kt, נְבִיָּא Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14 plural emphatic נְבִיאַיָּא Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:2.

prophet, prophets, prophesy, prophecy

nābîʾ

a prophet or (generally) inspired man

spokesman, speaker, prophet

prophet

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Tn

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3808

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqp1cp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8085

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6963

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp1cp

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H430

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Vqc

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1980

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncfpc/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8451

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tr

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H834

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqp3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5414

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncbpc/Sp1cp

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6440

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncbsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3027

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5650

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Ncmpa

English Options