Deuteronomy 4:8

וּ מִי֙

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מִי֙

Particle turns the sentence into a question

Dictionary form: מִי · mee

Particle — Interrogative

In the KJV here: and what

who ×209 and who ×30 whom ×29 what ×14 and what ×10 or who ×10 whose ×10 but who ×6

More options

who — Standard interrogative or relative; broadest usage.

whoever — Prefer for indefinite or universal reference (whosoever).

whom — Use in object position for formal or written registers.

whose — Use when indicating possession or attribution.

anyone who — Emphasizes indefinite, inclusive scope.

which one — Use when selecting among a defined set of options.

BDB4615 H4310

מִי₄₂₃ pronoun interrogative who? of persons, as מָה (q. v.) of things (Ethiopic but only = What ? and How ? Assyrian mî, me (rare) Jäger^{BAS. ii. 277}, the usual Semitic form for Who? has n, namely Assyrian mannu, manu (Dl^{HWB 419}), Ethiopic man¥, Aramaic Arabic , Vulgar Arabic min, m£n, from a form resembling which, by rejection of n, probably Hebrew מִי: W^{SG 123 f.}): — who ? (τίς; quis ?) Gen 3:11 הִגִּיד לְךָ מִי who told thee ? Gen 24:65 מִי הָאִישׁ הַלָּזֶה who is this man ? Gen 27:18 מי אתה בני who art thou, my son ? Num 22:9; Judg 1:1; Judg 6:29; Judg 15:6; Judg 18:3; Judg 20:18; 2Sam 1:8 + often; Ruth 3:9 מִי אָ֑תְּ who art thou, (feminine) ? Isa 51:12 of more than one, מִי אֵלָּה who are these ? Gen 33:5; Gen 48:8; Isa 60:8 מי אתם 2Kgs 10:13 once, more explicitly, מִי זָמִי הַהֹלְכִים Exod 10:8 = as who ? (i.e. in what condition, or capacity), Amos 7:2 יעקב מי יקום vAmos 7:5; Isa 51:19 מִי אֲנַחֲמֵךְ (but Vrss Che Lag Brd Du ׳מִי יְ, as || מִי יָנוּד), Ruth 3:16 (Be Ke Kö^{iii. 388}). Note in particular:
a. מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied: Gen 33:8 מי לך כלהֿמחנה הזה who (or what) to thee is all this camp ? Deut 4:7; Judg 9:28 שְׁכֶם מִי who is Shechem (i.e. the Shechemites) ? Mic 1:5 מִיפֶֿשַׁע יַעֲקֹב הֲלֹא שֹׁמְרוֺן, v^b Song 3:6; Judg 13:17 מִי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ( but מה Gen 32:28; Exod 3:13: with מי compare מַן in Aramaic Ezra 5:4 Genesis, Exodus ll. cc. ᵑ7; and see Nö^{M. p. 341}). On 1Sam 18:18, see II. חַי
b. in the genitive, בַּתמִֿי אַתְּ whose daughter art thou ? Gen 24:23; Gen 24:47; 1Sam 12:3 (3 t. in verse); 1Sam 17:55; Jer 44:28; Job 26:4; Job 33:28 after various prepositions, as אַחֲרֵי מִי 1Sam 24:15 (twice in verse); אֶלמִֿי 1Sam 6:20; 2Kgs 9:5 +; בְּמִי by whom ? 1Kgs 20:14, לְמִי₂₀ to whom ? whose ? Gen 32:18 לְמִי אַתָּה, Gen 38:25; Prov 20:20 (6 t.) +; מִמִּי Ezek 32:19; Ps 27:1 (twice in verse); עַלמִֿי 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 19:22; Isa 57:4 +; אֶתמִֿי (so always in accusative), 1Sam 12:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 = with whom ? Job 12:3.
c. in an indirect question, as Gen 21:26; Gen 43:22 לא ידענו מי שׂם we do not know who put, etc., Deut 21:1; Ps 39:7; Josh 24:15 בַּחֲרוּ ֗֗֗ אֶתמִֿי תַעֲבֹד֑וּן choose whom ye will serve, after ראה 1Sam 14:17, שׁאל 1Sam 17:56, הגיד 1Kgs 1:20, הודיע v1Kgs 1:27.
d. ׳מי ב who among ... ? 1Sam 22:14; Isa 36:20; Isa 43:9; Isa 48:14 (בהם) Isa 42:23; Isa 50:10; Hag 2:3 ( all בכם); מי מן who of ... ? Judg 21:8; 2Kgs 6:11; Isa 50:1.
e. strengthened and emphatic forms of interrogative:
(a) מי זה (see זה 4 b), מי הוא (see הוא 4 b β), הוא זה מי Ps 24:10; Jer 30:21; Esth 7:5 (see ibid.);
(b) אֶחָד מִי what single one ... ? Judg 21:8, compare 2Sam 7:23 ( = 1Chr 17:21). feminine various rhetorical uses ( often repeated in || clause, as Ps 15:1; Ps 18:32; Isa 28:9; Isa 29:15): — (a) followed by imperfect it expresses a wish ( the question implying a desire that the person asked for were present ), 2Sam 15:4 מִי יְשִׂמֵנִי שֹׁפֵט who will set me judge ? i.e. would that some one would make me judge ! 2Sam 23:15 מִי יַשְׁקֵנִי מַיִם = O that one would give me to drink, etc. ! compare Num 11:4; Num 11:18; Mal 1:10; Ps 4:7; Ps 60:11; Ps 94:16; Isa 42:23, and very often in the phrase מִי יִתֵּן who will give? i.e. would that there were. . . ! as Num 11:29 נביאים ׳ומי יתן כל עם י = and would that all ׳י's people were prophets! Deut 28:67 מי יתן ערב = would it were even! Judg 9:29 + (see נָתַן). (b) it expresses contempt (who ? implying the answer no one at all), Exod 5:2 ׳אשׁר אשׁמע בקולו מי י who is ׳י that I should listen to his voice ? Judg 9:28 מִי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וּמִי שְׁכֶם כִּי נַעַבְדֶנּוּ, vJudg 9:38; 1Sam 17:26 who is this Philistine that he should have reproached, etc.? 1Sam 25:10 מי דוד ומי בן ישׁי Isa 28:9; Job 26:4; Prov 30:9 ׳מי י; or modesty (real or assumed), Exod 3:11 מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אֵלֵךְ אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה 1Sam 18:18 ומי חיי מי אנכי who am I, and who is my clan (חַיִּי), that I should be the king's son-in-law ? 2Sam 7:18; 1Chr 29:14; 2Chr 2:5 or surprise, Isa 44:10; Isa 49:21. (c) in impassioned prose, and especially in poetry, implying the answer few or none, it is equivalent to a rhetorical negative, Deut 9:2 מִי יִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי בְנֵי עֲנָק who can stand, etc.? Deut 30:12 מִי יַעֲלֶהלָּֿנוּ הַשָּׁמַיְמָה vDeut 30:13; 1Sam 4:8 ׳מִי יַצִּילֵנוּ וג, 1Sam 6:20; 1Sam 22:14; 1Sam 26:9; 1Sam 26:15; 2Sam 16:10 מי יאמר who shall (or can) say ? Job 9:12; Prov 20:9; Eccl 8:4 with the perfect (of experience), who has ever . . . ? Num 23:10; Deut 5:23; Isa 36:20; Isa 66:8 (twice in verse); Jer 18:13 מִי שָׁמַע כָּאֵלֶּה, Jer 23:18 (ᵑ0), Jer 30:21; Job 4:7; Job 9:4 מִי הִקְשָׁה אֵלָיו וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם, Job 41:3; Prov 30:4; Lam 3:37 in poetry, very often, as Gen 49:9 מִי יְקִימֶנּוּ וּכְלָבִיא who can rouse him up ? (i.e. no one), Exod 15:11 (twice in verse) מִי כָמוֺךָ (so Ps 35:10 and elsewhere), Num 24:9; Num 24:23; 1Sam 2:25 מי יתפלל לו who shall intercede for him ? (i.e. no one), Isa 1:12; Isa 10:3; Isa 40:13; Isa 40:14; Isa 40:18; Isa 41:26; Isa 42:19; Isa 43:9; Isa 48:14; Isa 50:1; Isa 53:1 מִי הֶאֱמִין לִשְׁמֻעָתֵנוּ (i.e. few or none), etc.; Ps 18:32 ׳מִי אֱלוֺהַּ מִבַּלְעֲדֵי י, Ps 76:8; Ps 89:7; Ps 130:3; Job 21:31; Job 34:29; Jer 17:9; Joel 2:11; Mal 3:2 מִי לֹא ֗֗֗ Amos 3:8; Jer 10:7; Job 12:9 (compare Job 25:3; Nah 3:19); (יְשִׁיבֶנָּה) מִי יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ who shall (can) turn it back ? Job 9:12; Job 11:10; Job 23:13; Isa 14:27; Isa 43:13; Jer 2:24 implying the answer, no one but God, Isa 40:12; Isa 41:2; Isa 35:6; Isa 35:25, etc.; defiantly, Isa 50:9 מִי הוּא יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי, Jer 21:13; Jer 49:4 מִי יָבוֺא אֵלַי, vJer 49:19; Obad 1:3; Ps 12:5 מִי אָדוֺן לָנוּ, Ps 59:8; Ps 64:6; Job 9:19 מִי יוֺעִידֵנִי וְאִם לְמִשְׁפָּט, Job 13:19 מִי הוּא יָרִיב עִמָּדִי who is he that will contend with me ? Job 17:3; Job 41:2. Notice in examples of this kind the frequent order of words: Prov 20:6 ואישׁ אמוּנים מי ימצא, Prov 24:22 יודע ופיד שׁניהם מי, Prov 31:10; Nah 1:6 לפני זעמו מי יעמד, Ps 147:17 קֹרָתוֺ מי יעמד לפני, Job 4:2 וַעְצֹר בְּמִלִּין מִי יוּכ֑ל, Job 26:14; Job 38:37; Job 39:5; Job 41:5; Job 41:6; Ps 6:6 בִּשְׁאוֺל מִי יוֺדֶהלָּֿ֑ךְ, Ps 19:13 and with the nom. pendens, Jer 2:24 תַּאֲנָתָהּ מִי יְשִׁיבֶנָּה, Prov 18:14; Job 17:15 וְתִקְוָתִי מִי יְשׁוּרֶנָּה, Job 38:29 וּכְפֹר שָׁמַיִם מִי יְלָדוֺ.
(d) מִי יוֺדֵעַ who knoweth ? (Ps 90:11; Prov 24:22), followed by a verbal clause, becomes (compare nescio an) = it may be, perchance, 2Sam 12:22 ׳מִי יוֺדֵעַ יְחָנֵּנִי י (Qr וְחַנַּנִי), Joel 2:14 ( = Jonah 3:9) מי יודע ישׁוב ונחם, Esth 4:14 יודע אם מי.
(e) especially in poetry, a question with מי, to which the answer follows, is an effective mode of affirming a fact, or introducing a description: Ps 15:1 (twice in verse) (see vPs 15:2); Ps 24:3; Ps 24:8; Ps 24:10; Isa 23:8 מי יעץ ׳זאת וג (Isa 23:9 the answ., יְעָצָהּ ׳צ ׳י), Isa 33:14 (see vIsa 33:15f.), Isa 37:23; Isa 41:2; Isa 41:4; Isa 60:8; Isa 63:1; Jer 46:7; Song 3:6, compare Song 6:10; Song 8:3 answered by הֲלֹא Exod 4:11; Isa 42:24; Isa 45:21; Mic 1:5 (twice in verse).
g. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it: Exod 24:14 מי בעל דברים יִגַּשׁ אליהם, literally Who hath a cause ? let him draw nigh unto them, i.e. whoso hath a cause, let him, etc., Isa 50:8b מִי בַעַל מִשְׁפָּטִי יִגַּשׁ אֵלַי, Isa 54:15; Judg 7:3 מִי יָרֵא וְחָרֵד יָשֹׁב ׳וג who is fearful and trembling ? let him return, Prov 9:4; Prov 9:16 מִיפֶֿ֖תִי יָסֻר הֵגָּה, Ezra 1:3 (compare with וְ in apodosis Jer 9:11; Hos 14:10; Ps 107:43; Zech 4:10 is dubious, on account of anomalous tense and construction); so with מי האישׁ אשׁר ֗֗֗ Deut 20:5; Deut 20:6; Deut 20:7; Judg 10:18, compare Ps 25:12. With 1 person in apodosis, Exod 32:33 חָטָא לִי אֶמְחֶגּוּ מִסִּפְרִי מִי אֲשֶׁר, Jer 49:19 ( = Jer 50:44) אֵלָיהָ אֶפְקֹד וּמִי בָחוּר and who is chosen? I will appoint him over her! Isa 50:8a; with an imperative in the apodosis Exod 32:24 (against accents; see Ra) התפרקו למי זהב who hath gold ? break it off you! Gen 19:12; 1Sam 11:12, compare Ps 34:13f.; without a verb, Exod 32:26 אלי ׳מי לי who is on J.'s side ? (let him come) to me! so 2Sam 20:11 (מי אשׁר); Eccl 5:9; Eccl 9:4 (מי אשׁר).
h. once, following a verb (compare מָה 3), any one, 2Sam 18:12 שִׁמְרוּמִֿי בַּנַּעַר באבשׁלום Have a care, whosoever ye be, of, etc. (but ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Bu לִי; compare v2Sam 18:5).

BDB9669 H4479 H4310

מַן (so Gi, with most MSS., supported by Syriac , Arabic ; see K^{§ 22, 1}), מָן (Baer: see on Dan 3:6), interrogative pronoun who? (Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene מן Lzb³¹² Cooke¹⁸⁸), ᵑ7 מן, Syriac , Ethiopic Arabic W^{CG 123:} Biblical Hebrew מִי); —

1. who? Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:9 strengthened by הוּא, Dan 3:15 וּמַןהֿוּא אֱלָהּ דִּי who is the God who . . . ? (compare Syriac contracted from , and מַנּוּ in the Syriacizing ᵑ7 to Proverbs: also Biblical Hebrew מִי הוּא, הוּא 4 b β); so in the plural Ezra 5:4 מִןאִֿנוּן שְׁמָהָת what (literally who: compare מִי 1 a, and Gen 32:28; Exod 3:13 ᵑ7) are the names of . . .?

2. מַןדּֿי whosoever (literally who is there that . . .? see Biblical Hebrew מִי g) Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 מִןדִּֿי לָא יִפֵּל, Dan 4:14 וּלְמִן דִּי יִצְבֵּא יִתְּנִנַּהּ to whomsoever he willeth, he giveth it, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 (so Nabataean מן די, Cooke^{241, 325 ff.}; ᵑ7 מַן דְּ; Syriac ; compare Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{Pap. K 7, 12} ולמן זי צבית תנתן).

who, whom, what, whose, which, …

mî

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever

גּ֣וֹי

Root word nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …

Dictionary form: גּוֹי · ɡoy

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: nation

nations ×93 the nations ×67 nation ×47 the heathen ×43 of the heathen ×35 among the heathen ×32 of the nations ×29 a nation ×25

More options

nation — Most general; fits political or ethnic groupings broadly.

people — Emphasizes collective identity; good for poetic contexts.

Gentile — Use when contrasting non-Israelites with Israel specifically.

foreign nation — Highlights otherness; useful in prophetic or legal texts.

ethnic group — Modern academic tone; suits sociological or descriptive passages.

pagan — Carries religious outsider nuance; use cautiously, context-dependent.

BDB1551 H1471

גּוֺי₅₆₁ noun masculine^{Gen 12:2} nation, people (Late Hebrew id. Gentiles, Phoenician גו community, , Sabean גו id., DHM^{ZMG 1883, 348}) — ׳ג Gen 12:2 + 121 t.; suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zeph 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Ps 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14; Ezek 36:15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co, who strike out vEzek 36:15); plural גּוֺיִם Gen 10:5 + 410 t. + Qr Gen 25:23; Ps 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 t. Ezekiel (variant reading emended Co); construct גּוֺיֵי Gen 18:18 + 8 t., גּוֺיֵ 2Chr 32:13; Ezra 6:21 (compare Baer's notes); suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 —

1. nation, people Gen 10:5 (twice in verse); Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 (twice in verse) (all P) +; Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 (twice in verse) = Mic 4:2; Mic 4:3 (twice in verse); Job 12:23 (twice in verse); Job 34:29 ; Prov 14:34 כֹּל גּוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Gen 18:18; Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (all J); Deut 28:1.
a. specifically of descendants of Abraham, גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 12:2 compare Gen 18:18 (both J), גּוֺיִם Gen 17:6, הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Gen 17:4; Gen 17:15 (all P); of Sarah גּוֺיִם Gen 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֺי Gen 21:13, גָּוֺי גָּדוֺל vGen 21:18 (both E), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Gen 35:11 (P), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 46:3 (E); of Ephraim ׳מְלֹא הַגּ Gen 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Exod 32:10 (J) compare Num 14:12 (J) Deut 9:14 of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gen 25:23 (J).
b. definitely of Israel Exod 19:6 (קָדוֺשׁ ׳גּ) Exod 33:13 (both J E), Deut 4:6 (הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה, said by heathen compare vDeut 4:7 vDeut 4:8) see also vDeut 4:34, Deut 26:5 compare Ps 33:12; Ps 83:5 (said by enemies) Jer 31:36; Jer 33:24; Ezek 37:22 in narrative Josh 3:17; Josh 4:1; Josh 5:8 (JE), vJosh 5:6 (D), Josh 10:13 (in poetry, no article); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezek 35:10 (said by heathen) Ezek 37:22 of Judah Isa 26:2; Isa 26:15 (twice in verse); compare Isa 58:2; Isa 60:22; Mic 4:7 once my people Zeph 2:9 (|| עַם); thy people Ps 106:5 (i.e. of ׳י), compare also Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Deut 32:28; Judg 2:20; Isa 1:4; Isa 10:6; Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 7:28; Jer 9:8; Jer 12:17; (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Hag 2:14; Mal 3:9. — Note. This definite reference to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hexateuch not P (yet see Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:16; Gen 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile prophets; not Chronicles —
c. usually of non-Hebrew peoples Exod 9:24; Exod 34:10 (JE) Lev 25:44 (H) Num 14:15 (J) Deut 15:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 5:11; 1Chr 14:17; 1Chr 16:20; Isa 11:10; Isa 11:12 + often; opposed to Israel as ׳עם י 2Sam 7:23; 1Chr 17:21 (twice in verse) etc., see עם, compare also Num 23:9 note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם Isa 8:23 circle or district of the nations (see גָּלִיל); also ׳חֲרשֶׁת הַגּ Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Josh 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (ᵐ5 Di to the district, i.e 'Galilee'); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lev 8:24; Lev 8:28 (P) Lev 20:23 (H) 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:29 (twice in verse); 2Chr 28:3; 2Chr 32:13 +, Ezra 6:21; Ezek 5:6 +; hostile Gen 15:14 (J) Lev 26:33; Lev 26:38; Lev 26:45 (H) Deut 4:27; Deut 9:4; Deut 9:5; Deut 18:9; 1Chr 16:35; Jer 5:15; Ezek 4:13 + often Jeremiah Ezekiel, etc.; in simile Ezek 20:32; Ezek 25:8 sometimes || עַם Ps 33:10; Ps 33:12; Isa 11:10; Jer 6:18, see also Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 compare with Mic 4:1; Mic 4:3.

2. figurative of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6 of all species of beasts Zeph 2:14.

3. גּוֺיִם Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9 probably mutilated proper name see below

BDB1554 H1471

גּוֺיִם proper name, of a people Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9, in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî a people northeast of Babylonia COT on Gen 14:1 also KGF^{258 and elsewhere}; compare also Dl^{Pa 233 f}.

גול see גיל.

BDB3195 H2800 H1471

II. חֲר֫שֶׁת proper name, of a location only in combination ׳ח הַגּוֺיִם, „arosheth of the nations (see גּוֺי), Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 perhaps modern el-„arit¾îye, on right bank of lower Kishon, see Thomson^{Land and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff.} Bd^{Pal 241} Be Bla Cooke^{Hist. Deb. 3} GASm^{Geog. 393}.

חֲרָשִׁים see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also II. חֶרֶשׁ. above &

nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …

gôy

a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

(n m) nation, people

nation, people

usually of non-Hebrew people

גָּד֔וֹל

Root word great, high, greater, loud, greatest, …

Dictionary form: גָּדוֹל · ɡaw-DOLE

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: is there so great

great ×109 a great ×52 the great ×34 with a loud ×18 and great ×16 with a great ×16 the high ×15 with great ×14

More options

great — Most versatile modern rendering; fits most contexts.

large — Prefer for physical size or measurable magnitude.

mighty — Best for power, strength, or awe-inspiring scale.

loud — Use specifically for voices, sounds, or cries.

elder — When describing seniority or rank among people.

significant — Fits abstract or formal contexts; stresses importance.

BDB1498 H1419

גָּדוֺל₅₂₂ adjective great — ׳גGen 4:13 + 279 t.; גָּדֹל Deut 26:8 + 22 t.; construct גְּדוֺל Ezek 17:3; Ezek 17:7; Jer 32:19, גְּדָלֿ Prov 19:19, גְּדָו֯לֿ Ps 145:8; Nah 1:3 suffix גְּדוֺלָם Jer 6:13 + 2 t.; plural גְּדוֺלִים Exod 7:4 + 11 t., גְּדֹלִים Gen 12:17 + 22 t.; construct גְּדֹלֵי 2Kgs 10:6 suffix גְּדֹלָיו 2Kgs 10:11; Jonah 3:7 גְּדוֺלֶיהָNah 3:10 feminine גְּדוֺלָה Num 22:18 + 96 t.; גְּדֹלָה Gen 15:12 + 31 t.; plural גְּדוֺלֹת Neh 9:26; Neh 12:31, גְּדֹלוֺת Deut 27:2 + 30 t., גְּדֹלֹת Num 13:28 + 7 t.; — great,

1. in magnitude and extent, e.g. sea Num 34:6, river Gen 15:18, wilderness Deut 1:19, rain 1Kgs 18:45, mountain Zech 4:7, city Gen 10:12, house Jer 52:13, altar Josh 22:10, throne 2Chr 9:17, sea-monsters Gen 1:21, fish Jonah 2:1, eagle Ezek 17:3, terebinth 2Sam 18:9, substance Gen 15:14, wealth Dan 11:2, victory 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 19:22 בּוֺר הַגָּדוֺל read הַגֹּרֶן ׳ב according to ᵐ5 We Dr.

2. in number, e.g. nation Gen 12:2, congregation Jer 31:8, camp 1Chr 12:22, army Ezek 17:17, sacrifice 2Kgs 10:19, slaughter Deut 28:59; 1Sam 4:17.

3. in intensity, fear Deut 4:34, weeping Isa 38:3, power כּחַ Exod 32:11, joy Jonah 4:6, anger Deut 29:23, indignation Jer 21:5, sin Gen 20:9, iniquity Gen 4:13, evil Gen 39:9, trespass Ezek 9:7.

4. in sound, loud voice Gen 39:14, cry Exod 11:6, shout Josh 6:5.

5. in age, elder, eldest, son Gen 27:1, daughter Gen 29:16, brother Gen 10:21, sister Ezek 16:46.

6. in importance,
a. things (הַ)דָּבָר (הַ)גָּדֹל an important thing or affair Exod 18:22; Deut 4:32; 1Sam 12:16; 2Kgs 5:12; 2Kgs 8:13 יום יהוה Jer 30:7; Hos 2:2; Joel 2:11; Joel 3:4; Zeph 1:14; Mal 3:23.
b. of men, great, distinguished, Moses Exod 11:3, David 2Sam 5:10, Job Job 1:3, Mordecai Esth 9:4, kings Eccl 9:14; Jer 27:7 especially of king of Assyr. הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:18, = Assyrian šarru rabbu, šarru dannu, e.g. KB^{i. 94, 1. 1}; הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֺל the h.p. Lev 21:10 + 20 t.; (הָ)אִישׁ גָּדוֺל 1Sam 25:2; 2Sam 19:33; 2Kgs 5:1 אִשָּׁה גְדוֺלָה 2Kgs 4:8 גָּדוֺל a great man 2Sam 3:38; Mic 7:3 לֹא תֶהְדַּר פְּנֵי גָדוֺל thou shalt not honour (favour) the person of a great man (opposed to דָּל) Lev 19:15 (H); (הַ)גְּדוֺלִים the great 2Sam 7:9 = 1Chr 17:8; Neh 11:14 (see below) Prov 18:16; Prov 25:6; Jer 5:5 (2Kgs 10:11 ᵐ5^L ἀγχιστεύοντας, Klo גֹּאֲלָיו); further גְּדֹלֵי הָעִיר 2Kgs 10:6 (כָּלֿ)גְּדֹלָיו 2Kgs 10:11; Jonah 3:7 כָּלֿ גְּדוֺלֶיהָ Nah 3:10.
c. of God, himself 2Chr 2:4; Neh 4:8; Neh 8:6; Ps 86:10; Ps 99:2; Ps 135:5; Ps 147:5; Isa 12:6; Jer 10:6 (הָ)אֵל (הַ)גָּדוֺל Deut 7:21; Deut 10:17; Neh 1:5; Neh 9:32; Ps 77:14; Ps 95:3; Jer 32:18; Dan 9:4 גדול מכל האלהים Exod 18:11 גדול ומהלל מאד 1Chr 16:25; Ps 48:2; Ps 96:4; Ps 145:3 מלך גדול Ps 47:3; Ps 95:3; Mal 1:14 his works Deut 11:7; Judg 2:7; Ps 111:2, glory Ps 21:6; Ps 138:5, name Josh 7:9; 1Sam 12:22; 1Kgs 8:42; 2Chr 6:32; Ps 76:2; Ps 99:3; Jer 10:6; Jer 44:26; Ezek 36:23; Mal 1:11 (twice in verse), mercy 1Kgs 3:6; 2Chr 1:8; Ps 57:11; Ps 86:13; Ps 108:5, goodness Neh 9:25, compassion Isa 54:7.

7. in phrases עוֺד הַיּוֺם גָּדוֺל it is yet high day (French grand jour, German hoch am Tage, the day is at its height) Gen 29:7 כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדֹל (or reverse) as well small as great Deut 1:17; 1Chr 25:8; 1Chr 26:13; 2Chr 31:15 (לְ)מִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֺל (or reverse) from small to great Gen 19:11; 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 30:2; 1Sam 30:19; 2Kgs 23:2; 2Kgs 25:26; 2Chr 15:13; 2Chr 34:30; Esth 1:5; Esth 1:20; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:10; Jer 31:34; Jer 42:1; Jer 42:8; Jer 44:12; Jonah 3:5.

8. construct גְּדֹל (הַ)כְּנָפַיִם great of wings Ezek 17:8; Ezek 17:7, so of anger Prov 19:19 (Qr); usually of God, in power Nah 1:3, counsel Jer 32:19, mercy Ps 145:8.

9. as substantive concrete עשׂה גדלות do great things, of God's great acts of redemption and judgement Deut 10:21; Job 5:9; Job 9:10; Job 37:5; Ps 71:19; Ps 106:21 of the miracles of Elisha 2Kgs 8:4 of things too great and so presumptuous, haughty ׳תבקשׁ ג Jer 45:5 ׳מדברת גPs 12:4 לא ׳הלכתי בג Ps 131:1 (compare Biblical Aramaic Dan 7:8; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:20 also Rev 13:5).

10. as substantive neuter greatness of arm Exod 15:16 compare גָּבֹהַּ

4.

great, high, greater, loud, greatest, …

gādôl

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

(adj) great

large (in magnitude and extent)

important things

אֲשֶׁר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

ל ֛וֹ

ל

Preposition to, for

֛וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Preposition

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

חֻקִּ֥ים

Root word statutes, statute, decree, ordinance, due, …

Dictionary form: חֹק · hoke

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: hath statutes

statutes ×12 thy statutes ×9 the statutes ×7 and the statutes ×6 his statutes ×6 me thy statutes ×6 and his statutes ×5 my statutes ×5

More options

decree — Emphasizes official, authoritative pronouncement from a ruler or God.

ordinance — Formal regulation; good for legal or cultic contexts.

law — Broad, accessible term; best when statutes feel like general rules.

regulation — Plain modern term; suits administrative or priestly legal codes.

prescribed portion — Use when חֹק refers to an allotted share or ration.

boundary — Use when חֹק denotes a fixed natural or cosmic limit.

BDB3072 H2706 H2711

חֹק₁₂₇ noun masculine^{Mic 7:11} something prescribed, a statute or due; — ׳ח Gen 47:22 + 22 t.; חָקֿ Exod 30:21 + 14 t.; suffix חֻקִּי Prov 30:8 + 3 t.; חָקְךָ Lev 10:13; Lev 10:14 etc. + 4 t. suffixes; plural חֻקִּים Deut 4:5 + 31 t.; construct חֻקֵּי Exod 18:16 חוּקֵּ֯י Ezek 20:18 also חִקֲקֵי Judg 5:15; Isa 10:1 (Ges^{«GKC:93»§ 93}. 1 R 7); חֻקָּו֯ Job 14:5 etc. + 44 t. suffixes —

1. prescribed task, assigned to Israel in Egypt Exod 5:14 (E).

2. prescribed portion, or allowance of food Gen 47:22 (twice in verse) (J); Prov 30:8; Prov 31:15; Ezek 16:27 מחקי Job 23:12 (RV; < ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Ol Me Di SS בְּחֵקִי in my bosom).

3. action prescribed for oneself, resolve: חִקֲקֵי לֵב Judg 5:15 resolves of mind || חִקְרֵי לֵב vJudg 5:16.

4. prescribed due of the priests from offerings Lev 6:11; Lev 10:13 (twice in verse); Lev 10:14 (twice in verse) (P); due of ׳י Lev 6:15 (P); עולם ׳לח Exod 29:28; Lev 7:34; Lev 10:15; Num 18:8; Num 18:11; Num 18:19 (all P), Lev 24:9(H); portion of oil for the תּרומה Ezek 45:14.

5. prescribed limit, boundary: of sea Jer 5:22; Prov 8:29; Job 26:10; Job 38:10 of heavens Ps 148:6 of land of Israel Mic 7:11 of time Job 14:5; Job 14:13 so פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ לִבְלִי חֹ֑ק Isa 5:14 Sh®°ôl openeth wide her mouth, without limit.

6. enactment, decree, ordinance of either God or man:
a. specific decree: law of fifth in Egypt Gen 47:26 (J); of passover Exod 12:24 (J); lament for Jephthah's daughter Judg 11:39 for Josiah 2Chr 35:25 חק ומשׁפט Exod 15:25; Josh 24:25 (both E), 1Sam 30:25 חק עולם Exod 30:21 || עֵדוּת, מִשְׁפָּט Ps 81:5; Ps 81:6 (law of a festival).
b. of ׳י in nature Job 28:26.
c. respecting Messianic king Ps 2:7 day of ׳י Zeph 2:2 ᵑ0, but on text see We and טֶרֶם, below; covenant with Jacob Ps 105:10 = 1Chr 16:17 destiny of man Job 23:14.
d. law in general עלי חק according to law, right Ps 94:20 (others against law); ומשׁפט ׳לַמֵּד ח Ezra 7:10 || בּרית and תורות Isa 25:5 || עדות Ps 99:7.

7. plural חֻקִּים enactments, statutes of a law:
a. of ׳י in nature Jer 31:36.
b. of the prophets Zech 1:6.
c. conditions of deed of purchase Jer 32:11.
d. enactments || מִשְׁפָּטִים: ancestral Ezek 20:18 given by God as punishment for disobedience Ezek 20:25.
e. decrees of unjust judges חִקֲקֵיאָֿוֶן Isa 10:1. feminine civil enactments prescribed by God: חֻקֵּי האלהים Exod 18:16 (E; || תּוֺרֹתָיו), vExod 18:20 (E; || id.)
g. elsewhere of prescriptions of the several codes of Hex: Lev 10:11; Num 30:17 (P), Deut 4:6; Deut 6:24; Deut 16:12; Ps 119:5 + 20 t., Mal 3:7 || ׳תּוֺרַת י Amos 2:4 ותורות ׳ח Ps 105:45 ׳והח ׳דברי הת Deut 17:19 || ברית Ps 50:16 וברית ועדות ׳ח 2Kgs 17:15 usually either || משׁפטים Deut 4:1; Deut 4:5; Deut 4:8; Deut 4:14; Deut 5:1; Deut 11:32; Deut 12:1; Deut 26:16; 1Kgs 9:4 = 2Chr 7:17; 1Chr 22:13; Ezek 11:12; Ezek 36:27, or else ומשׁפטים ׳ח combined with other synonym (usually preceding): e.g. דבר(ים ׅ Ps 147:19 תורה 2Chr 33:8; Mal 3:22 מצוה Deut 5:28; Deut 6:1; Deut 7:11 מצות Neh 1:7; 1Kgs 8:58 מצוה, תורה 2Chr 19:10 עֵדֹת Deut 4:45; Deut 6:20 sometimes following: e.g. תורות Lev 26:46 מצוה, תורה 2Kgs 17:37 or in different order, e.g. ותורות ׳מ ומצות ׳ח Neh 9:13 ׳וח ׳מצות ומ Neh 10:30 ומצות ׳ח ׳ומ Deut 26:17. Apart from משׁפטים it is combined with מצות, e.g. ׳וח ׳מ Exod 15:26 (R), Deut 27:10 ׳ומ ׳ח Deut 4:40; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 8:61 ותורה ׳וח ׳מ Neh 9:14 ׳ועדות וח ׳מ Deut 6:17; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 34:31 ׳וח ׳דברי מ Ezra 7:11 it is used with verbs: נתן Lev 26:46 + 3 t.; צוּה Num 30:17 + 9 t.; למּד Deut 4:1 + 10 t.; שׁמר Deut 26:17 + 16 t.; עשׂה Deut 6:24 + 5 t.; שׁמר לעשׂות Deut 11:32 + 4 t.; הלך בְּ 1Kgs 8:61 + 3 t. — [On usage of חֹק see חֻקָּה near the end]

statutes, statute, decree, ordinance, due, …

ḥōq

an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)

statute, ordinance, limit, something prescribed, due

prescribed task

specific decree

conditions

וּ מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים

Root word judgment, judgments, manner, right, cause, …

Dictionary form: מִשְׁפָּט · mish-PAWT

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: and judgments

judgment ×62 of judgment ×22 my judgments ×20 and judgment ×16 in judgment ×14 thy judgments ×13 and judgments ×12 after the manner ×10

More options

justice — Best for contexts of fair treatment or legal equity.

judgment — Modernizes KJV; suits judicial decisions or rulings.

ordinance — Prefer for codified legal statutes or divine decrees.

right — Use when emphasizing entitlement or what is due.

custom — Good for social or cultural norms and practices.

sentence — Specific to formal verdicts pronounced by a judge.

BDB8959 H4941

מִשְׁפָּט₄₂₂ noun masculine^{Gen 40:13} judgment; — absolute מִשְׁפָּט Exod 21:31 + 203 t., + לְשְִׁ֯פָּט Ezek 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁפֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁפַּט Exod 23:6 + 50 t.; suffix מִשְׁפָּטִי Isa 40:27 +; מִשְׁפָּטָם Jer 49:12 +; מִשְׁפָּטָן Num 27:5 plural מִשְׁפָּטִים Jer 4:12 + 34 t.; suffix מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Deut 33:10 +, etc.; —

1. judgment:
a. act of deciding a case: ׳מ be-longeth to God Deut 1:17, is from him Prov 16:33; Prov 29:26 ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַמּ Mal 2:17 ׳חשֶׁן מ Exod 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so vExod 28:29 vExod 28:30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron vExod 28:30 (P); צֶדֶק ׳מ Deut 16:18 ׳הֵבִין מ Job 32:9 ׳שׁפט מ 1Kgs 3:28 ׳עשׂה מ 1Kgs 3:28 ׳דְּבַר (ה)מ Deut 17:9; 2Chr 19:6 ׳רוח מ Isa 28:6 במשׁפט Lev 19:15; Lev 19:35 (H) Deut 1:17; Prov 16:10; Prov 24:23 חאורים ׳במ Num 27:21 (P); למשׁפט Num 35:12; Josh 20:6 (P) Deut 17:8; Judg 4:5; 2Sam 15:2; 2Sam 15:6; 2Chr 19:8; Isa 34:5; Isa 41:1; Isa 54:17; Isa 59:11; Hab 1:12; Mal 3:5; Ps 9:8; Ps 35:23; Ps 76:10; Ps 122:5; Job 9:19 (Ezek 44:24 see above).
b. place, court seat of judgment Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 7:7; Isa 28:6; Eccl 3:16.
c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: ׳הֵבִיא במ Job 14:3; Eccl 11:9; Eccl 12:14 ׳בא במ, with עם Isa 3:14; Job 22:4, with את Ps 143:2, with יחדו Job 9:32, ׳חלד במ Job 34:23, compare Ezek 34:16; Ps 112:5 plural דבּר משׁפטים, with את litigate with Jer 1:16; Jer 4:12; Jer 12:1; Jer 39:5 = Jer 52:9, singular מִשְׁפָּט in || 2Kgs 25:6, by error.
d. case or cause presented for judgment: ׳בעל מ Isa 50:8 ׳ערךְ מ Job 13:18; Job 23:4 ׳שׁמע מ 1Kgs 3:11 ׳שׁפט מ Lam 3:59, compare Num 27:5 (P) 2Sam 15:4.
e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1Kgs 20:40 thus is thy sentence; ׳עת ומ Eccl 8:5; Eccl 8:6 time and sentence; ׳על מ Deut 17:11 according to the sentence; מָוֶת ׳מ Deut 19:6; Deut 21:22; Jer 26:11; Jer 26:16 דמים ׳מ Ezek 7:23, compare Hab 1:4 (twice in verse); Ps 7:7; Ps 17:2; Ezek 23:45 plural only Ezek 16:68 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Hos 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי בָאוֺד for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֺר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Hi Che and most modern feminine execution of judgment, in general, ׳עשׂה מ, with בֵּין Jer 7:5; Ezek 18:8, compare Deut 32:41; Zeph 3:8 with בְּ against Ps 119:84; Ps 149:9 ב omitted Ps 9:17; Ezek 39:21, בא אל ׳מ Jer 48:21, ׳ברוח מ Isa 4:4, מואב ׳מ Jer 48:47, compare Isa 53:8; Jer 51:9; Hos 5:1; Hos 5:11; Hos 10:4; Job 36:17 plural Isa 26:8; Isa 26:9; Ezek 5:8; Zeph 3:15; Ps 10:5 in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Mic 7:9; Ps 9:5 לעשׁוקים ׳מ Ps 146:7 והציל ׳דין מ Jer 21:12, compare Zech 7:9; Zech 8:16 plural Ps 48:12 = Ps 97:8; Ps 6; Ps 5; Ps 7 = 1Chr 16:12; 1Chr 16:14.
g. time of judgment, ׳לִא יקומו במ Ps 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection).

2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude:
a. of God, ׳אלהי מ Isa 30:18 ׳הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מ Gen 18:25 (J), compare Job 40:8; Deut 32:4; Ps 111:7 he loves it Ps 33:5; Ps 37:28; Ps 99:4 ׳צדק ומ Hos 2:21; Ps 89:15 = Ps 97:2 will not pervert it Job 8:3; Job 34:12, compare Job 37:23 כמשׁפטךָ Ps 119:149 (|| חסדךָ); מִשְׁפָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֺם רָבָּה Ps 36:7 (read singular).
b. of man: ׳אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ Ps 106:8 (|| צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh ׳מ Ps 37:30 so of thoughts ׳מ Prov 12:5 put on ׳מ as robe Job 29:14, chosen Job 34:4 ׳עשׂה מ: God requires that man should do it Mic 6:8; Isa 1:17; Isa 56:1, compare Isa 61:8 it is the joy of the righteous Prov 21:15 rulers should know it Mic 3:1, compare Prov 29:4 wicked ruler ׳שׂוֺנֵא מ Job 34:17 abhors it Mic 3:9, compare Prov 19:28; Prov 21:7; Prov 28:5.

3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1Sam 8:9; 1Sam 8:11; 1Sam 10:25 (law of king); Levitical ordinances Lev 5:10; Lev 9:16 + 13 t. P, 1Chr 15:13; 1Chr 24:19; 2Chr 4:7; 2Chr 4:20; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 35:13; Neh 8:18 ׳חק ומ Exod 15:25; Josh 24:25 (E) 1Sam 30:25, compare Ps 81:5 ׳חקת מ Num 27:11; Num 35:29 (P); divine law in general יהוה ׳מ Jer 8:7 ׳מ אלהים Isa 58:2; Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5 (|| דֶּרֶךְ), compare Ps 25:9 || תורה Isa 42:4; Isa 51:4; Ezra 7:10 compare Zeph 2:3; Ps 119:43; Ps 119:160 plural of particular ordinances Deut 33:10; Deut 33:21 (poem), Isa 58:2; Ezek 44:24; Ps 19:10; Ps 119:7 + 16 t., Ps 147:20.

4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (see Br^{Hexateuch 252 sq}.): singular of particular decision of a case Exod 21:31 (E); plural of series of decisions Exod 21:1; Exod 24:3 (JE) Deut 7:12 (D²); in covt. code and D, collection of pentads in conditional or temporal compare, with כּי or אם in D, and subject in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים Deut 4:1. 5. 8. 14. 45 +; in code of H and after, in combination חקות ומשׁפטים, Lev 18:4; Lev 18:5; Lev 18:26; Lev 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, see Br^{Hexateuch 254 f.}); other combinations, redactional and later, Lev 26:46; Num 36:13; Deut 30:16; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Chr 33:8; Neh 9:13; Ps 18:23; Ps 89:31; Ps 147:19.

5. one's (legal) right, privilege, due: הַכּהֲנִים ׳מ Deut 18:3 due of the priests, הַבְּכֹרָה ׳מ Deut 21:17 ׳מ הַגְּאֻלָּה Jer 32:7 right of redemption; הַיְרֻשָּׁה ׳מ vJer 32:8 ׳הִטָּה מ Exod 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Deut 16:19; Deut 23:6; Deut 24:17; Deut 27:19; Deut 1:3; , compare Prov 18:5 יְתוֺם ׳מ Deut 10:18 אביון ׳מ Exod 23:6 (E) Jer 5:28; Ps 140:13 עניים׳מ Isa 10:2; Job 36:6 ׳הסיר מ Job 27:2; Job 34:5, compare Isa 40:27; Isa 49:4.

6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1Kgs 5:8 fitness Isa 28:26; Isa 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; compare Di).
b. custom, manner: הכהנים ׳מ 1Sam 2:13 custom of the priests (rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁפָּטוֺ 1Sam 27:11 his (David's) custom; ׳מ הגוים 2Kgs 17:33 manner of the nations, compare 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:27 (Rs^{sem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23}); ׳כמ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Gen 40:13; Exod 21:9 (E) Judg 18:7; 1Kgs 18:28; 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 17:34; 1Chr 6:17; Ezek 42:11; Ps 119:132.
c. מה משׁפט Judg 13:12 what manner of a boy, compare 2Kgs 1:7.
d. plan . . . of the tabernacle Exod 26:30 (P); temple 1Kgs 6:38 palace Jer 30:18.

judgment, judgments, manner, right, cause, …

mišpāṭ

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

judgment, justice, ordinance

judgment

act of deciding a case

צַדִּיקִ֑ם

Root word righteous, just, lawful

Dictionary form: צַדִּיק · tsahd-DEEK

Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: so righteous

the righteous ×49 of the righteous ×37 of the just ×9 righteous ×9 the just ×7 a righteous ×6 is righteous ×6 a just ×5

More options

righteous — Modernized from KJV; broadest theological and ethical use.

just — Emphasizes fairness and legal uprightness; good in legal contexts.

upright — Highlights moral integrity; suits wisdom literature tone.

innocent — Prefer when contrasted with the guilty in legal settings.

virtuous — Stresses moral excellence; works well in narrative prose.

godly — Foregrounds devotion to God; suits psalms and prophetic texts.

BDB6944 H6662

צַדִּיק₂₀₆ adjective just, righteous; — absolute ׳צ Gen 6:9+; plural צַדִּיקִים Exod 23:8+, etc.; —

1. just, righteous, in government:
a. of Davidic king 2Sam 23:3 צֶמַהּ Jer 23:5; Zech 9:9 (|| victorious).
b. of judges, Ezek 23:45; Prov 29:2 (see Toy; Kau questions this meaning in all these).
c. of law, ׳מִשְׁפָּטִים צ Deut 4:8.
d. of God Deut 32:4; Ps 119:137; Ps 129:4; Job 34:17, opposed to Pharaoh Exod 9:27 (J); in discrimination Jer 12:1; Zeph 3:5; Ps 7:10; Ps 7:12; Ps 11:7 condemnation 2Chr 12:6; Dan 9:14; Lam 1:18; Ezra 9:15; Neh 9:33 redemption Isa 45:21; Ps 116:5 keeping promises Neh 9:8 in all his ways Ps 145:17.

2. just in one's cause, right: Exod 23:7; Exod 23:8 (E) Deut 16:19; Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 8:32 = 2Chr 6:23; Isa 5:23; Isa 29:21; Job 32:1; Job 36:7; Prov 17:15; Prov 17:26; Prov 18:5; Prov 18:17; Prov 24:24; Amos 2:6; Amos 5:12; Hab 1:4; Hab 1:13 right in law, not under penalty 2Sam 4:11; 1Kgs 2:32 innocent of specific offence 2Kgs 10:9 with מְן compare 1Sam 24:18.

3. just, righteous, in conduct and character:
a. towards God Gen 7:1; Gen 18:23; Gen 18:24 (twice in verse); Gen 18:25 (twice in verse); Gen 18:26; Gen 18:28 (J) Gen 20:4 (E), Hab 2:4; Mal 3:18.
b. in general, ethically: Ps 5:13; Ps 7:10; Ps 11:3; Ps 11:5 + 21 t. Psalms (+below), Prov 2:20; Prov 3:33; Prov 4:18; Prov 9:9 + 56 t. Proverbs; Eccl 3:17 + 7 t. Ecclesiastes; Isa 3:10; Isa 57:1 (twice in verse); Jer 20:12; Lam 4:13; Ezek 3:20; Ezek 3:21 (twice in verse) + 12 t. Ezekiel; Hos 14:10 || תמים Gen 6:9 (P) Job 12:4 || נָקִי Job 17:9; Job 22:19; Job 27:17; Ps 94:21 || יִשְׁרֵי לֵב Ps 32:11; Ps 64:11; Ps 97:11.

4. righteous, as justified and vindicated by ׳י, especially servant of ׳י Isa 53:11, so his people, usually plural Isa 60:21; Ps 33:1 + 8 t. Psalms (see also above); ׳אָהֳלֵי צ Ps 118:15 tents of the righteous; ׳גּוֺרַל צ Ps 125:3 ׳עֲדִת צ Ps 1:5 ׳דֶּרֶךְ צ vPs 1:6 singular collective Ps 34:20; Ps 34:22; Ps 75:11; Isa 24:16; Isa 26:7 (twice in verse); גּוֺי צַדִּיק vIsa 26:2 (|| שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים).

5. right, correct, Isa 41:26 (compare אֱמֶת Isa 43:9); lawful ׳שְׁבִי צ Isa 49:24 EV; but read עָרִיץ.

righteous, just, lawful

ṣaddîq

just

just, lawful, righteous

just, righteous (in government)

כְּ כֹל֙

כְּ

Prefix — preposition like, as

כֹל֙

Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: as all

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69

More options

all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.

every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.

whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.

any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.

each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.

entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHM^{Epigr. Denk. 36-38}; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Kö^{i. 84, 95}); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
(a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
(b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
(a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
(b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
(c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges^{«GKC:141»§ 141}. 1 R. 2).

2. Absolutely:
a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
b. with art. הַכֹּל:
(a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
(b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, the whole

all, the whole of

הַ תּוֹרָ֣ה

הַ

Prefix — article the

תּוֹרָ֣ה

Root word law, laws

Dictionary form: תּוֹרָה · toh-RAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: law

the law ×41 of the law ×28 law ×26 is the law ×21 thy law ×18 in the law ×17 my law ×8 and the law ×4

More options

law — Modernized KJV standard; broad legal or covenantal context.

instruction — Captures the teaching/guidance sense beyond mere rule.

teaching — Emphasizes oral or written guidance passed down.

Torah — Retain Hebrew term when specifically referencing the Mosaic corpus.

regulation — Prefer for specific legal statutes or codes.

directive — Useful for divine commands with a guiding purpose.

BDB3726 H8451 H8452

תּוֺרָה noun feminine^{Deut 1:5} direction, instruction, law (possibly in first instance from casting lots, We^{G i, 470; H 394} (less confidently We^{Skizzen iii, 167}), SS Sm^{AT Rel. Geschichte. 36} Benz^{Archaeology 408} Now^{Archaeology ii, 97, opposed to by} Kö^{Offenb. ii, 347} Baud^{Priesterthum 207}); — ׳ת, Exod 12:49 + 88 t.; construct תּוֺרַת Exod 13:9 + 65 t.; suffixes תּוֺרָתִי Ps 78:1 + 16 t.; תֹּרָר֯תְךָ Jer 32:23 תֹּרָתוֺ Jer 44:23 + 34 t. suffixes; plural תּוֺרוֺת Neh 9:13 תּוֺרֹת Isa 24:5 + 2 t.; suffix תּוֺרֹתַי Ezek 44:24 תּוֺרֹתָ֯ו Ezek 43:11; Ezek 44:5 + 5 t. suffixes; —

1. instruction:
a. human: of a mother Prov 1:8; Prov 6:20; Prov 6:23 of a father Prov 3:1; Prov 4:2; Prov 7:2 of sages Prov 13:14; Prov 28:4 (twice in verse); Prov 28:7; Prov 28:9; Prov 29:18 of a poet Ps 78:1 תּוֺרַת חֶסֶד kind instruction (of a wise wife) Prov 31:26.
b. divine || אֲמָרִים Job 22:22 through his servants Isa 30:9; Jer 8:8 || אִמְרָה Isa 5:24 || דָּבָר Isa 1:10 || תְּעוּדָה Isa 8:16; Isa 8:20 || חָזוֺן Lam 2:9 plural תורות Dan 9:10.
c. a body of prophetic (or sometimes perhaps priestly) teaching Isa 42:21; Isa 42:24; Jer 9:12; Jer 16:11 in the heart Isa 51:7; Ps 37:31; Ps 40:9 || משׁפט Hab 1:4 || משׁפטים Ps 89:31 || דְּבָרִים Jer 6:19; Jer 26:4; Zech 7:12 || חקים Amos 2:4 || חקות Jer 44:10; Jer 44:23 myriads of precepts Hos 8:12.
d. instruction in Messianic age Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:4; Isa 42:4; Isa 51:4; Jer 31:33.
e. a body of priestly direction or instruction relating to sacred things Hos 4:6; Jer 2:8; Jer 18:18; Ezek 7:26; Hag 2:11; Mal 2:6; Mal 2:7; Mal 2:8; Mal 2:9; Zeph 3:4; Ezek 22:26 || לֹא תוֺרָה לֹא כֹּחֵן מוֺרֶה 2Chr 15:3.

2. law (properly direction): namely
a. of special laws, singular of Feast of Maƒƒoth Exod 13:9 (J), sabbath Exod 16:4 (J); of direction given by priests in particular case Deut 17:11 of statutes of priest's code Exod 12:49 (P), Lev 6:2; Lev 6:7; Lev 6:18; Lev 7:1; Lev 7:7; Lev 7:11; Lev 7:37; Lev 11:46; Lev 12:7; Lev 13:59; Lev 14:2; Lev 14:32; Lev 14:54; Lev 14:57; Lev 15:32; Lev 6:13; Lev 6:21 (twice in verse); Num 15:16; Num 15:29; Num 19:2; Num 19:14; Num 31:21 (P); תּוֺרַת הַבָּיִת Ezek 43:12 (twice in verse); לְמִעְוָךְ ׳בֵּין ח 2Chr 19:10 plural תּוֺרוֺת laws, || חקים Exod 18:16; Exod 18:20 (E; of decisions in civil cases given by Moses), Ps 105:45 || מצות Exod 16:28 (J); || מצות, חקות Gen 26:5 (J); || חקים משׁפטים Lev 26:46 (H); || ברית, חק Isa 24:5 || משׁפטים, חקים, מצות Neh 9:13 the laws of the new temple Ezek 43:11; Ezek 44:5; Ezek 44:24 those laws in which men should walk Jer 32:23 (Kt).
b. of codes of law, (1) הַתּוֺרָה as written in the code of the covenant, || הַמִּצְוָה Exod 24:12 (E); ספר תּוֺרַת אלהים Josh 24:26 (E); probably also Deut 33:4, || משׁפטים vDeut 33:10, || בְּרִית Hos 8:1; Ps 78:10, || עֵדוּת vPs 78:5 (2) the law of the Deuteronomic code, in D and Deuteronomic sections of Kings and sources of Chronicles, הַתּוֺרָה הַזּאֹת Deut 1:5; Deut 4:8; Deut 4:44; Deut 17:18; Deut 31:9; Deut 31:11 הזאת ׳דִּבְרֵי הַתּ Deut 27:26; Deut 31:24, + כל Deut 17:19; Deut 27:3; Deut 27:8; Deut 28:58; Deut 29:28; Deut 31:12; Deut 32:46 הזאת ׳סֵפֶר הַתּ Deut 28:61 ספר התורה הזה Deut 29:20; Deut 30:10; Deut 31:26; Josh 1:8 ספר התורה Josh 8:34; 2Kgs 22:8 = 2Chr 34:15 דברי התורה Josh 8:34; 2Kgs 23:24 so התורה אשׁר צוך משׁה Josh 1:7, similarly Josh 22:5; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 17:34; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Kgs 21:8 תּוֺרַת משׁה (ספר) Josh 8:31; Josh 8:32; Josh 23:6; 1Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 14:6 = ׳בספר מ ׳הַתּ 2Chr 25:4; 2Kgs 23:25 ׳דִּבְרֵי סֵפֶר הַתּ 2Kgs 22:11= ׳דברי הַתּ 2Chr 34:19 תּוֺרַת יהוה 2Kgs 10:31. It is probable that ׳ת in Ps 1:2 (twice in verse); Ps 94:12 and some other parts of Chronicles, e.g. 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 6:16 (= 1Kgs 8:25 without ׳ת), refers to Deuteronomic code. (3) other passages of Chronicles may refer to code of D, but most of them certainly refer to the law of the Priests' code. The same is true of Malachi, Daniel and late Psalms. The phrases are: (ספר) תורת משׁה 2Chr 23:18; 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezra 7:6; Neh 8:1; Mal 3:22; Dan 9:11; Dan 9:13 תורת יהוה (ספר) Ezra 7:10; Neh 9:3; 1Chr 16:40; 2Chr 12:1; 2Chr 17:9; 2Chr 31:3; 2Chr 31:4; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 35:26; Ps 19:8; Ps 119:1 (ספר) תורת האלהים Neh 8:18; Neh 10:29; Neh 10:30 ׳ספר הַתּ Neh 8:3 ׳דִּבְרֵי הַתּ vNeh 8:9 vNeh 8:13 הַתּוֺרָה 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 31:21; 2Chr 33:8; Neh 10:35; Neh 10:37; Neh 12:44; Neh 13:3 פִּיךָ ׳תּ Ps 119:72 תורתך Neh 9:26; Neh 9:29; Neh 9:34; Dan 9:11; Ps 119:18; Ps 119:29; Ps 119:34; Ps 119:44; Ps 119:51; Ps 119:53; Ps 119:55; Ps 119:61; Ps 119:70; Ps 119:77; Ps 119:85; Ps 119:92; Ps 119:97; Ps 119:109; Ps 119:126; Ps 119:136; Ps 119:142; Ps 119:150; Ps 119:153; Ps 119:163; Ps 119:165; Ps 119:174 תּוֺרָה (indefinite) || חקים, מצוות Neh 9:14.

3. custom, manner: תּוֺרַת הָאָדָם 2Sam 7:19 the manner of man, not of God, i.e. deal with me as man with man, Thes, law for man RV, but Ew^{Geschichte. iii. 180} reads דּוֺרֹת (וַתַּרְאֵנִי) hast shewed me generations of men; so We Dr. — On ׳ת see further Dr on Deut 1:10; Deut 24:8; Deut 33:10 and references

law, laws

tôrâ

a precept or statute, especially the Decalogue or Pentateuch

law, direction, instruction

instruction, direction (human or divine)

body of prophetic teaching

law of the burnt offering

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: זֹאת · dzote

Noun — feminine singular

In the KJV here: this

this ×337 of this ×38 and this ×32 in this ×22 is this ×16 and thus ×8 these ×8 thus ×6

More options

this — Default demonstrative; suits most contexts naturally.

this thing — Adds nominal weight when זֹאת stands alone as subject.

such — Use when emphasizing quality or kind rather than identity.

that — Prefer when pointing back to something already mentioned.

thus — Adverbial use; signals manner or result in narrative.

it — Pronoun substitute when referent is clear from context.

BDB2264 H2063

זֹאת pronoun feminine see זֶה.

BDB2289 H2063

זֶה demonstrative pronoun and adverb; feminine זֹאת, once זֹאתָה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֺ, q. v.); common זוּ (q. v.): this, here (the element ז = = is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstrative particle, often acquiring, like English that, German der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus
a. Phoenician זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, feminine זא, comm. אז (see CIS I. i. 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genitive [literally that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 69-71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C²), feminine זא 113:15; 145 B⁵; Aramaic of Zinjirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHM^{Sendsch. 56}); Ethiopic ze, this, feminine z¹, za, who (masculine), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [see below]) in common use as a mark of the genitive;
b. Arabic this, feminine , (genitive , accusative , feminine ), possessor of (literally that of . . ., i.e. one who owns), or in the Tayyite dialect, who, which: from , with lo! prefixed, this, feminine , with the pronominal element -k affixed, = this: with 'al (= the article) + a demonstrative element la prefixed, who, which (in origin = Hebrew הַלָּזֶה this, q. v.); Sabean דֿן this, feminine דֿת, דֿ who, which, feminine דֿת (Prä^{ZMG. 1872, 419}, DHM^{ZMG. 1883, 338 f.}, also^{Epigr. Denkm. 65});
c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q. v.) this, feminine דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palmyrene and Nabataean די which, דנה this; ᵑ7 דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵּי this, feminine דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac , contracted from ), ; Syriac who, which; Samaritan who, which, this, feminine Mandean ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (Nö^{Mand § 80, 81}). Alike in Hebrew and the other dialects, the corresponding plur. is derived from a different source: Hebrew אֵלָּה, Phoenician אל, Ethiopic 'ell¥, 'ell¹, these, 'ella, who, Arabic , these, , owners of, Sabean אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, , Samaritan , Mandean עלין. Only the Arabic forms its own plural . V. further W^{SG 107 ff.}) —

1. standing alone:
a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Gen 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָהזּֿאֹת, Gen 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ ֗֗֗ , Gen 12:12; Gen 38:28; Exod 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֺקֵשׁ, 1Sam 10:27 מַה יּוֺשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us ? 1Sam 16:8; 1Sam 16:9; 1Sam 21:16 that ye have brought אֶתזֶֿה this fellow to play the madman against me ? 1Sam 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶתכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2Sam 13:17 אֶתזֹֿאת, 1Kgs 22:27 אֶתזֶֿה, Mic 5:4; Isa 66:2 as a genitive, Gen 29:27; Gen 29:28; 1Kgs 21:2 with a collective force Lev 11:4; Lev 11:9 (= Deut 14:7; Deut 14:9), vDeut 14:21 vDeut 14:29; Judg 20:16; Judg 20:17 (כָּלזֶֿה), Job 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gen 3:14; Gen 20:5; Gen 20:6; Gen 45:19 and often, שׁמעו זאת Amos 8:4; Isa 47:8; Isa 48:1; Isa 48:16; Isa 51:21 and elsewhere; Gen 41:39; Exod 17:14; Deut 32:6; Judg 7:14; Judg 21:3 לָמָההָֽ֗֗֗יְתָה זֹאת (compare Job 1:13; Ps 118:23) 1Kgs 11:39; 2Sam 7:19; 2Kgs 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1Sam 20:2b compare Amos 2:11 rarely so with אֶתֿ Josh 22:24; Jer 9:11; Ps 92:7 as an accusative of limitation, as regards this, in this, Ezek 20:27; Ezek 36:37; Job 19:26 (si vera lectio), Job 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת Job 42:16; Ezra 9:10, כלזֿאת ׳א 2Chr 21:18; 2Chr 35:20 pointing forward to a following clause, Gen 42:18; Gen 43:11; Num 8:24; Num 14:35; Isa 56:2; Job 10:13 etc.; Exod 9:16; 1Sam 25:31; Isa 1:12 מִי דִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2Sam 19:22; Ps 102:19; Ps 119:50; Ps 119:56 (see also בְּזֹאת 6 b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Exod 13:8; Prov 24:12; Job 15:17; Neh 2:2; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:15 גם זה הבל (so vEccl 2:19 vEccl 2:21 vEccl 2:23 +), Eccl 7:18 (twice in verse); of a concrete object, Exod 30:31; 2Kgs 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Hebrew, Neh 13:6 בְּכָלזֶֿה during all this, 2Chr 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards la 2Chr 5:17 f., to כִּי Ps 56:10 je Ps 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.)
b. repeated זֶהזֶ֗֗֗ה, this . . . that, the one . . . the other or (if indefinite) another, Gen 29:27 (זֹאת), Exod 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1Kgs 3:23; 1Kgs 22:20; Isa 6:3; Isa 44:5 (3 t.), Ps 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Job 1:16-18; Job 21:23; Job 21:25 +.

2. In apposition to a substantive:
a. preceding it (rare) Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 זֶה משֶׁה, Judg 5:5 (= Ps 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Josh 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1Kgs 14:14; 2Kgs 6:33; Isa 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, Ps 34:7; Ps 49:14; Ps 104:25 ׳זה הים גדול וג this sea there is great and broad, Ps 118:20; Song 7:8; Ezra 3:12. (compare זוּ Hab 1:11.)
b. following it: — (a) when the substantive is determined by a pronominal affix, Gen 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Deut 5:16 O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! Deut 21:20; Josh 2:14; Josh 2:20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Judg 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dan 10:17; 2Chr 24:18. (compare אֵלֶּה,
a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2Kgs 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 2Kgs 8:8; 2Kgs 8:9), Ps 80:15 (β) with the article, הַזֶּה, הַזּאֹת, after a substantive determined also by the article, Gen 7:1 בַּדּוֺר הַזֶּה, vGen 7:13 הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה, Gen 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזּאֹת, Gen 15:7; Gen 17:21; Gen 17:23; Deut 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a proper name, except such as are construed with the article, as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gen 32:11; Deut 3:27; Deut 31:2; Josh 1:2; Josh 1:11; Josh 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֺן הַזֶּה Josh 1:4, compare Num 27:12 = Deut 32:49 (2Kgs 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2Chr 1:10 after a noun with a pronominal affix (Josh 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: see Dr^{§ 209} Obs.).

3. More oft. as predicate, as 1Sam 24:17 הֲקוֺלְךָ זֶה, 2Kgs 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 2Kgs 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָָֽבֶל׃, Ezek 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Isa 14:16, הֲזֹאת Isa 23:7; Lam 2:15 often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gen 5:1 זה ספר this is the book . . ., Gen 9:12 זֹאת אוֺת הַבְּרִית, Gen 17:10; Gen 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lev 6:2; Lev 6:13; Lev 6:18; Lev 7:1; Lev 7:11; Lev 33:1; etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר ֗֗֗ Exod 16:16; Exod 35:4; Exod 21:11; Jer 38:21 +, compare זה אשׁר ֗֗֗ this is what (or how) . . . Gen 6:15; Exod 29:38; Jer 33:16 זֶה לְךָ הָאוֺת Exod 3:12; 1Sam 2:34 +; at the end, Lev 7:37; Lev 11:46; Lev 13:50; Num 5:21; Num 7:17; Num 7:23 etc., Josh 19:8; Josh 19:16; Josh 19:23 etc., Isa 14:26; Isa 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ ), Isa 17:14; Isa 54:17; Jer 13:25; Ps 109:20; Song 5:16 (twice in verse); Job 5:27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), Job 18:21; Job 20:29 (compare אֵלֶּה Ps 73:12), Ps 24:6; Ps 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zeph 2:15 compare Job 14:3 אַףעַֿלזֶֿה upon one such as this (Job 14:1 vJob 14:2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adverb, to certain words, especially interrogative pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in English idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: see הוא 4 b. Thus
a. אֵיזֶֿה₁₅ where, then ? Job 28:12 אֵיזֶֿה מְקוֺם בִּינָה, vJob 28:20; Job 38:19 b (see other examples below אַי 1 b, p. 32).
b. מִיזֶֿה, 1Sam 17:55; 1Sam 17:56 בֶּןמִֿיזֶֿ֖ה הָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad ? Jer 49:19 (= Jer 50:44) ׳וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג and who (emphatic) is the shepherd that etc., Lam 3:37; Ps 24:8 Who is the king of glory ? (for which in vPs 24:10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Jer 30:21; Esth 7:5), Esth 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this . . . is admissible: Isa 63:1; Jer 46:7; Job 38:2; Job 42:3 compare מִיזֹֿאת Song 3:6; Song 6:10; Song 8:5.
c. מַהזֶֿה how, now ? Gen 27:20; Judg 18:24 וּמַהזֶּֿה תּאֹמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me . . . ? 1Kgs 21:5; 2Kgs 1:5 what, now ? (τίποτε;) 1Sam 10:11 מַהזֶּֿה הָיָה לְבֶןקִֿישׁ; עַלמַֿהאזֶּה for what ? Neh 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Exod 4:2. (compare Aramaic מָדֵין why ? used as a conjunction therefore, e.g. 2Sam 18:22 ᵑ6, PS^{2013: both formed similarly}.)
d. מַהזּֿאֹת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ Gen 3:13; Gen 12:18; Gen 26:10; Gen 29:25; Gen 42:28; Exod 14:11; Judg 2:2; Judg 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or what is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresponding phrase in Arabic ; De^{Gen 3:13 (ed. 4)}, and especially Fl^{Kl Schr. i. 356} Lane^{p. 948}.)
e. לָמָּהזֶּֿה wherefore, now ? Gen 18:13; Gen 25:22; Gen 32:30; Exod 5:22; Num 11:20 + often compare Arabic feminine הַאַתָּה זֶה 2Sam 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel ? 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:17, without הֲ Gen 27:24 in an indirect question Gen 27:21.
g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here . . . 1Kgs 19:5 (in narrative), Isa 21:9; Song 2:8; Song 2:9. compare Num 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶבּ go up here in the South.
h. עַתָּה זֶה, 1Kgs 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that . . ., 2Kgs 5:22 just now. Also
i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gen 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so Gen 43:10), Gen 31:38 now, already twenty years, vGen 31:41 (זֶהלִּֿי ֗֗֗ , Gen 45:6; Num 14:22 now ten times, Num 22:28; Num 22:32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Deut 8:2; Deut 8:4; Josh 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2Sam 14:2 +; Zech 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! compare Ruth 2:7.

5. In poetry, as a relative pronoun (rare: but see also זוֺ, זוּ): Ps 74:2 the hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֺ wherein thou dwellest, Ps 78:54; Ps 104:8 אלמְֿקום זה to the place (stative construct Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}. 3) which . . . vPs 78:26; Prov 23:22; Isa 25:9 = that which Job 15:17, those who Job 19:19 (so once, Exod 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding substantive, and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַרֶֿזה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, 'this mountain, (which) thy right hand,' etc.

6. With prefixes (in special senses): —
a. בָּזֶה₁₅ in this (place), here, Gen 38:21; Gen 38:22; Exod 24:14; Num 23:1 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:26; 1Sam 9:11 +; of time, then, Esth 2:13. Once בַּזֶה 1Sam 21:10.
b. בְּזֹאת (a) with this = on these conditions, Gen 34:15; Gen 34:22; 1Sam 11:2; Isa 27:9 = herewith, thus provided Lev 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Gen 42:15; Gen 42:33; Exod 7:17; Num 16:28; Josh 3:10; Ps 41:12 so בָּזֹאת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lev 26:27; Ps 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָלזֹֿאת occurs, Isa 5:25; Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4; Ps 78:32; Jer 3:10; Hos 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) 1Chr 27:24; 2Chr 19:2 in this matter 2Chr 20:17
c. כָּזֶה
(a) Gen 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר ֗֗֗ , Isa 56:12; Isa 58:5; Jer 5:9 גּוֺי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so vJer 5:29; Jer 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, Judg 18:4; 2Sam 11:25; 1Kgs 14:5.
d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, Gen 45:23 כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these Judg 13:23 (with השׁמיע), Judg 15:7; Judg 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, 1Sam 4:7 (compare Jer 2:10; 2Chr 30:26), 2Sam 14:13 (with חשׁב), Isa 66:8 (with שׁמע), Ezra 7:27 = accordingly, to that effect (with דִּבֶּר) 2Chr 34:22 = in like manner Judg 8:8 = thus (as has been described) 1Kgs 7:37; 1Chr 29:14; 2Chr 31:20; 2Chr 32:15: כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus Josh 7:20; 2Sam 17:15 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 5:4; 2Kgs 9:12.
e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gen 37:17; Gen 42:15; Gen 50:25; Exod 11:1 (twice in verse); Exod 13:3; Deut 9:12 + often: מִזֶּהמִ֗֗֗זֶּה on one side . . . on the other side Exod 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, Exod 25:19; Exod 26:13; Exod 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Num 22:24; 1Sam 14:4; 1Kgs 10:19; 1Kgs 10:20; Zech 5:3 +; מִוֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of . . . Exod 38:15; Josh 8:33; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21. feminine עַל זֶה on this account (rare), Lam 5:17 (pointing forwards), Esth 6:3. So עַל זֹאת Amos 8:8; Mic 1:8; Jer 2:12 (Job 17:8) Jer 4:8; Jer 4:28; Ps 32:6 in late prose Ezra 8:23; Ezra 9:15; Ezra 10:2; Neh 13:14; 2Chr 16:9; 2Chr 16:10; 2Chr 29:9; 2Chr 32:20.
g. עִם זֶה in spite of this Neh 5:18. — On אֵי זֶה which ? אֵי מִזֶּה whence ? אֵי לָזֹאת how ? see below אַי 2; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ.

Note. — זֶה in 1Sam 17:34 (in many editions) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim's Rabbinic Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subsequent editions. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient editions is שֶׂה (compare de Rossi^{Var. Lect. ii. 151}).

this, thus, these, that, such, …

zōt

this (often used adverb)

this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such

(alone)

this one

this

this, such

then

wherein, which, those who

in this (place) here, then

אֲשֶׁ֧ר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which