Exodus 28:18

וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם
And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ הַ טּ֖וּר
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הַ
Prefix — article the
טּ֖וּר
Root word row, rows
Dictionary form: טוּר · toor

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: row
rows ×11 row ×8 and a row ×2 the first row ×2 and there was a row ×1 in a row ×1 in rows ×1
More options
row — Most direct equivalent; suits architectural or table contexts.
course — Preferred for layers of stone or masonry.
tier — Use for stacked or layered arrangements.
line — More general; good for people or objects in sequence.
band — Suits decorative or patterned horizontal strips.

BDB3322 H2905

BDB3321 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3323

טוּר noun masculineExod 28:17 row — absolute ׳ט Exod 28:17 + 9 t.; construct id. Exod 28:17 + 3 t.; plural טוּרִים Exod 28:17 + 7 t.; טֻרִים 1Kgs 7:20 construct טוּרֵי Exod 39:10 + 2 t.; —

1. row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon's house 1Kgs 6:36; 1Kgs 7:12 forming enclosures in corner of court Ezek 46:23a; of beams Ezek 6:36; Ezek 7:12, see also Ezek 7:4 (Th Klo, see שֶׁקֶף, שְׁקֻפִים); of pillars Ezek 7:2; Ezek 7:3.
2. row of jewels, on high priest's breast-piece Exod 28:17 (3 t. in verse); Exod 28:18; Exod 28:19; Exod 28:20; Exod 39:10 (3 t. in verse); Exod 39:11; Exod 39:12; Exod 39:13 (all P); of pomegranates on capitals of pillars in temple 1Kgs 7:20; 1Kgs 7:42; 2Chr 4:13, so also probably 1Kgs 7:18, see Th Klo, after ᵐ5; of knops round the molten sea 1Kgs 7:24, compare 2Chr 4:3 (oxen הַבָּקָר, erroneous for הַפְּקָעִים 1Kgs 7:24).

row, rows
ṭûr
a row; hence, a wall
  • row
    • row, course (of building)
      • "row (of jewels)

הַ שֵּׁנִ֑י
הַ
Prefix — article the
שֵּׁנִ֑י
Root word second, other, time, again, another, …
Dictionary form: שֵׁנִי · shay-NEE

Adjective — Ordinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state an ordinal (first, second, …)

In the KJV here: and the second
the second ×31 of the second ×12 the second time ×12 of the other ×11 the other ×11 in the second ×9 and the other ×6 another ×6
More options
second — Ordinal number; most common and direct rendering.
other — Use when contrasting one of a pair with another.
another — Prefer when introducing a fresh or additional item.
next — Suits sequential contexts, e.g. next day or next time.
again — Best for repeated action, e.g. 'a second time / again'.
further — Emphasizes continuation or addition beyond the first.

BDB10007 H8145 H8147

BDB10006 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB10008

תנא (ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew II. שָׁנָה, שְׁנַיִם, שֵׁנִי).

BDB8887 H8145

BDB8886 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8888

שֵׁנִי masculine שֵׁנִית feminine157 adjective ordinal number second; — בַּיּוֺם הַשֵּׁנִי Exod 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 t. + Neh 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also 1Chr 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Gen 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 t. + Neh 3:30 see above), ׳שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ Lev 13:5; Lev 13:93; Lev 13:54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Gen 22:15 + 16 t. + (= again, of similar — not identical — act, or another point in a series) Ezek 4:6; Mal 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית 2Sam 16:19 masculine plural שְׁנִיִּם Num 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Gen 6:16 second stories (in ark).

second, other, time, again, another, …
šēnî
properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again
  • second
    • second (the ordinal number)
      • "again (a second time)"another, other (something as distinct from something else)

נֹ֥פֶךְ
נֹ֥פֶךְ
Root word emerald, emeralds
Dictionary form: נֹפֶךְ · noh-PEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: shall be an emerald
an emerald ×1 shall be an emerald ×1 the emerald ×1 with emeralds ×1
More options
emerald — Most recognized modern rendering; broadly preferred.
turquoise — Some scholars identify nophek as turquoise, not emerald.
carbuncle — Traditional alternate ID; a deep red gemstone.
garnet — Another gemological candidate proposed by modern scholars.
malachite — Green stone sometimes identified with nophek in LXX tradition.

BDB5296 H5306

BDB5295 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5297

נֹ֫פֶךְ noun [masculine] a precious stone which Tyre gained by trade Ezek 27:16 (where ׳נ doubted by Berthol, queried by Toy: Hpt), compare Ezek 28:13 (symbolic of wealth and honour of king of Tyre); in high priest's breastplate Exod 28:18; Exod 39:11. Perhaps = ruby or carbuncle ᵐ5 Joseph. ἄνθραξ, ᵑ9 carbunculus, compare DiEx KauEx SgfrEzek Co Berthol; ᵑ7 AV emerald.

emerald, emeralds
nōpek
shining; a gem, probably the garnet
  • a precious stone in the high priest's breastplate
    • perhaps an emerald, turquoise, ruby, or carbuncle
    jewels imported from Tyre

סַפִּ֖יר
סַפִּ֖יר
Root word sapphire, sapphires, stone
Dictionary form: סַפִּיר · sahp-PEER

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a sapphire
a sapphire ×2 with sapphires ×2 of a sapphire ×1 of a sapphire stone ×1 of sapphires ×1 or the sapphire ×1 the sapphire ×1 them as it were a sapphire ×1
More options
sapphire — Standard modern term; fits most poetic and narrative contexts.
lapis lazuli — Preferred by scholars; ancient 'sapphire' likely meant this stone.
blue gemstone — Use when specific identification is uncertain or disputed.
precious stone — Broader term; highlights value over color or identity.

BDB5681 H5601

BDB5680 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5682

סַפִּיר noun [masculine] sapphire, perhaps also lapis lazuli (compare DiExod 24:10 NowArchaeology i. 131) (Late Hebrew id., and סַמְפִּירִינוֺן; ᵑ7 סַפִּרִינוֺן; ᵑ6 ; loan-word from Sanskrit canipriya according to LagGes. Abh. 72 LewyFremdw. 56 compare Greek σάπφειρος); — absolute ׳ס Exod 24:10 + 8 t.; pluralסַפִּירִים Isa 54:11; Song 5:14 — with other jewels as ornaments of prince Ezek 28:13 in high priest's breastplate Exod 28:18; Exod 39:11 found in mines Job 28:6, costly Job 28:16 compare Isa 54:11 taking high polish Lam 4:7 (in figurative); שֵׁן מְעֻלֶּפֶת סַפִּירִים Song 5:14 ivory covered with sapphires (in figurative); lapis lazuli, according to Hi BU Du and others in Job 28:6 (עַפְרֹת זָהָב לוֺ being understood of sparkling crystals of iron pyrites in this), but see Di; lapis lazuli may be intended in ׳לִבְנַת הַסּ Exod 24:10 (J) pavement of sapphire (in theoph.), compare ׳אֶבֶןסֿ Ezek 1:26; Ezek 10:1.

sapphire, sapphires, stone
sappîr
a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire
  • sapphire, lapis lazuli

וְ יָֽהֲלֹֽם
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יָֽהֲלֹֽם
Root word diamond
Dictionary form: יַהֲלֹם · ya-huh-LOME

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and a diamond
and a diamond ×2 and the diamond ×1
More options
diamond — Most natural modern rendering; broadly understood.
hard gem — Use when gemstone identity is uncertain in context.
precious stone — More generic; suits poetic or list contexts.
crystal — Emphasizes clarity and brilliance over hardness.

BDB2182 H3095

BDB2181 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2183

יַהֲלֹם noun [masculine] a precious stone, jasper ? (so ᵐ5 ᵑ9), or onyx? (compare Di Exod 28:18) (apparently from √ הלם; owing to its hardness, as able to smite, hammer?) — mentioned in lists of precious stones Exod 28:18; Exod 39:11; Ezek 28:13.

diamond
yahălōm
a precious stone, probably onyx
  • a precious stone (known for its hardness)
    • perhaps the jasper, onyx, or diamond

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְהַטּ֖וּר Tipeha — a lesser break הַשֵּׁנִ֑י Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר Tipeha — a lesser break וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם Silluq — end of the verse

וְהַטּוּר הַשֵּׁנִי נֹפֶךְ סַפִּיר וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃
18
And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.
Cross References

Job 28:16

לֹֽא-תְסֻלֶּה בְּכֶתֶם אוֹפִיר בְּשֹׁהַם יָקָר וְסַפִּֽיר׃
16
It cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir, with the precious onyx, or the sapphire.

Exodus 39:11

וְהַטּוּר הַשֵּׁנִי נֹפֶךְ סַפִּיר וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃
11
And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

Song of Solomon 5:14

יָדָיו גְּלִילֵי זָהָב מְמֻלָּאִים בַּתַּרְשִׁישׁ מֵעָיו עֶשֶׁת שֵׁן מְעֻלֶּפֶת סַפִּירִֽים׃
14
His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires.

Exodus 24:10

וַיִּרְאוּ אֵת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְתַחַת רַגְלָיו כְּמַֽעֲשֵׂה לִבְנַת הַסַּפִּיר וּכְעֶצֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹֽהַר׃
10
And they saw the God of Israel: and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness.

Ezekiel 27:16

אֲרָם סֹחַרְתֵּךְ מֵרֹב מַעֲשָׂיִךְ בְּנֹפֶךְ אַרְגָּמָן וְרִקְמָה וּבוּץ וְרָאמֹת וְכַדְכֹּד נָתְנוּ בְּעִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃
16
Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.

Revelation 4:3

καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἦν ὅμοιος ὁράσει λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι καὶ σαρδίνῳ· καὶ ἶρις κυκλόθεν τοῦ θρόνου ὅμοιος ὁράσει σμαραγδίνῳ
3
And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.

Job 28:6

מְקוֹם-סַפִּיר אֲבָנֶיהָ וְעַפְרֹת זָהָב לֽוֹ׃
6
The stones of it are the place of sapphires: and it hath dust of gold.

Jeremiah 17:1

חַטַּאת יְהוּדָה כְּתוּבָה בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל בְּצִפֹּרֶן שָׁמִיר חֲרוּשָׁה עַל-לוּחַ לִבָּם וּלְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
1
The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond: it is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars;

Ezekiel 1:26

וּמִמַּעַל לָרָקִיעַ אֲשֶׁר עַל-רֹאשָׁם כְּמַרְאֵה אֶֽבֶן-סַפִּיר דְּמוּת כִּסֵּא וְעַל דְּמוּת הַכִּסֵּא דְּמוּת כְּמַרְאֵה אָדָם עָלָיו מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃
26
And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man above upon it.

Ezekiel 10:1

וָאֶרְאֶה וְהִנֵּה אֶל-הָרָקִיעַ אֲשֶׁר עַל-רֹאשׁ הַכְּרֻבִים כְּאֶבֶן סַפִּיר כְּמַרְאֵה דְּמוּת כִּסֵּא נִרְאָה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
1
Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.

Ezekiel 28:13

בְּעֵדֶן גַּן-אֱלֹהִים הָיִיתָ כָּל-אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וְיָהֲלֹם תַּרְשִׁישׁ שֹׁהַם וְיָשְׁפֵה סַפִּיר נֹפֶךְ וּבָרְקַת וְזָהָב מְלֶאכֶת תֻּפֶּיךָ וּנְקָבֶיךָ בָּךְ בְּיוֹם הִבָּרַאֲךָ כּוֹנָֽנוּ׃
13
Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created.
Exodus 28:17
Read Exodus 28
Exodus 28:19