Exodus 28:19

וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה
And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ הַ טּ֖וּר
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הַ
Prefix — article the
טּ֖וּר
Root word row, rows
Dictionary form: טוּר · toor

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: row
rows ×11 row ×8 and a row ×2 the first row ×2 and there was a row ×1 in a row ×1 in rows ×1
More options
row — Most direct equivalent; suits architectural or table contexts.
course — Preferred for layers of stone or masonry.
tier — Use for stacked or layered arrangements.
line — More general; good for people or objects in sequence.
band — Suits decorative or patterned horizontal strips.

BDB3322 H2905

BDB3321 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3323

טוּר noun masculineExod 28:17 row — absolute ׳ט Exod 28:17 + 9 t.; construct id. Exod 28:17 + 3 t.; plural טוּרִים Exod 28:17 + 7 t.; טֻרִים 1Kgs 7:20 construct טוּרֵי Exod 39:10 + 2 t.; —

1. row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon's house 1Kgs 6:36; 1Kgs 7:12 forming enclosures in corner of court Ezek 46:23a; of beams Ezek 6:36; Ezek 7:12, see also Ezek 7:4 (Th Klo, see שֶׁקֶף, שְׁקֻפִים); of pillars Ezek 7:2; Ezek 7:3.
2. row of jewels, on high priest's breast-piece Exod 28:17 (3 t. in verse); Exod 28:18; Exod 28:19; Exod 28:20; Exod 39:10 (3 t. in verse); Exod 39:11; Exod 39:12; Exod 39:13 (all P); of pomegranates on capitals of pillars in temple 1Kgs 7:20; 1Kgs 7:42; 2Chr 4:13, so also probably 1Kgs 7:18, see Th Klo, after ᵐ5; of knops round the molten sea 1Kgs 7:24, compare 2Chr 4:3 (oxen הַבָּקָר, erroneous for הַפְּקָעִים 1Kgs 7:24).

row, rows
ṭûr
a row; hence, a wall
  • row
    • row, course (of building)
      • "row (of jewels)

הַ שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י
הַ
Prefix — article the
שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י
Root word third, part, three, old
Dictionary form: שְׁלִישִׁי · sheh-lee-SHEE

Adjective — Ordinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state an ordinal (first, second, …)

In the KJV here: and the third
the third ×33 on the third ×12 and the third ×10 a third part ×7 and a third part ×7 in the third ×7 of the third ×3 of the same and in the third ×2
More options
third — Default ordinal; works in nearly every context.
third part — Use when denoting a fractional portion or share.
one-third — Modern fraction form; clear in numerical or proportional contexts.
tertiary — Formal/technical register; use sparingly for ranked items.
three years old — Specific idiom for animal age descriptions (e.g., heifer).

BDB5792 H5697 H7992

BDB5791 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5793

עֶגְלַת proper name, of a location; — שְׁלִשִׁיָּה ׳ע (the) third, Eglath Isa 15:5 (ᵐ5 δάμαλις τριερής) Jer 48:34 (ᵐ5 ἀγγελιαν Σαλασεια), near Zoar and southern border of Moab.

BDB8764 H7992 H5697

BDB8763 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8765

שְׁלִישִׁי masculine שְׁלִישִׁית feminine adjective ordinal number108 third; — יוֺם שְׁלִישִׁי Gen 1:13 + 31 t., etc. (64 t., rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); plural שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) 1Sam 19:21; 2Kgs 1:13 + 4 t.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית 1Kgs 18:1 + 4 t., etc. (33 t.; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third 2Sam 18:2 (3 t. in verse) + 13 t., + (construct) Num 15:6 + 4 t., + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיךְ (Ges«GKC:91l»§ 91l) Ezek 5:12 third part of thee; = third time 1Sam 3:8 also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Isa 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלִישִׁים Ezek 42:3 in the thirds, i.e. third story; — ׳עֶגְלַת שׁ Ezek 15:5; Jer 48:34, see ׳ע p. 722. — שְׁלִישִׁ֫תָה Ezek 21:19 is corrupt and doubtful; Krae proposes וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conjectures in Co Toy. 1Sam 20:5 strike out ׳הַשּׁ ᵐ5 We Dr and others, so v1Sam 20:12. 2Sam 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם ᵑ6 We Dr and others

third, part, three, old
šĕlîšî
third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
  • third, one third, third part, third time
    • ordinal number

לֶ֥שֶׁם
לֶ֥שֶׁם
Root word ligure
Dictionary form: לֶשֶׁם · leh-SHEM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a ligure
a ligure ×2
More options
jacinth — Most widely accepted modern scholarly identification.
amber — Alternative mineralogical proposal; warm orange-yellow stone.
opal — Another proposed identification; iridescent gemstone.
gemstone — Generic fallback when exact identification is uncertain.

BDB4470 H3958

BDB4469 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4471

I. לֶ֫שֶׁם noun [masculine] a precious stone in high priest's breast-plate Exod 28:19; Exod 39:12 (√ and meaning dubious; ᵐ5 λιγύριον, JosephAnt. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 3:7»iii. 7, 5 λίγυρος, ᵑ9 ligurius, and this (= λυγκούριον, lyncurion ?) compared with carbuncle PlinNH viii. 57 (38); identification with amber Demostratus in PlinNH xxxvii 11(2), or with jacinth (Rev 21:20) BraunDe Vest. Sacerd. ii. 14 WinerRWBi. 332; compare further, DiExod 28:19).

ligure
lešem
a gem, perhaps the jacinth
  • a precious stone
    • a precious stone in the high priest's breast-plate
      • probably jacinth or ligure

שְׁב֖וֹ
שְׁב֖וֹ
Root word agate
Dictionary form: שְׁבוּ · sheh-BOO

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: an agate
an agate ×2
More options
agate — Standard modern rendering; a banded quartz gemstone.
banded agate — Clarifies the streaked appearance distinctive to agate.
gemstone — Use when exact stone identification is uncertain.

BDB8400 H7618

BDB8399 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8401

שְׁבוֺ noun [feminine] a precious stone (relation to above √ dubious; = Assyrian šubû ᵐ5 ᵑ9 agate); — Exod 28:19=Exod 39:12 (+לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

agate
šĕbû
a gem (from its sparkle), probably the agate
  • a precious stone (in the high priest's breastplate)
    • probably an agate

וְ אַחְלָֽמָה
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אַחְלָֽמָה
Root word amethyst
Dictionary form: אַחְלָמָה · ah-law-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and an amethyst
and an amethyst ×2
More options
amethyst — Standard modern gemstone name; universally recognized.
purple quartz — Descriptive for readers unfamiliar with the gem name.
violet gemstone — Broader term when exact identification is uncertain.

BDB332 H306

BDB331 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB333

אַחְלָ֑מָה noun feminine perhaps amethyst (etymology dubious; below חלם Thes q. v.; HalJAs 7, x. 426 from חלם être fort, solide; Di Kn compare Talmud חַלְמִית, malva & think of green malachite; DlHA 36 N derived from Aramaic land A—lamû), amethyst according to ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Josephus; see also LagGGA 1884, 285, but compare Di; one of the gems on the ephod Exod 28:19; Exod 39:12.

amethyst
ʾaḥlāmâ
a gem, probably the amethyst
  • amethyst, a gem in the third row on the ephod, breastplate of judgment worn by the high priest. Transliteration of the Septuagint word. Identification is not certain but is a purple stone perhaps a corundum or red or brown jasper.

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְהַטּ֖וּר Tipeha — a lesser break הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ Tipeha — a lesser break וְאַחְלָֽמָה Silluq — end of the verse

וְהַטּוּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לֶשֶׁם שְׁבוֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃
19
And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
Cross References

Isaiah 54:12

וְשַׂמְתִּי כַּֽדְכֹד שִׁמְשֹׁתַיִךְ וּשְׁעָרַיִךְ לְאַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח וְכָל-גְּבוּלֵךְ לְאַבְנֵי-חֵֽפֶץ׃
12
And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.

Exodus 39:12

וְהַטּוּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לֶשֶׁם שְׁבוֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃
12
And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
Exodus 28:18
Read Exodus 28
Exodus 28:20