Exodus 28:19

וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה
And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
Connections

Isaiah 54:12

וְשַׂמְתִּי כַּֽדְכֹד שִׁמְשֹׁתַיִךְ וּשְׁעָרַיִךְ לְאַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח וְכָל-גְּבוּלֵךְ לְאַבְנֵי-חֵֽפֶץ׃
12
And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.

Exodus 39:12

וְהַטּוּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לֶשֶׁם שְׁבוֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃
12
And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
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Exodus 28:19
Masoretic Phrasing
The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְהַטּ֖וּר Tipeha — a lesser break הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ Tipeha — a lesser break וְאַחְלָֽמָה Silluq — end of the verse
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Word Parts
וְ הַ טּ֖וּר
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הַ
Prefix — article the
טּ֖וּר
Root word row, rows
Dictionary form: טוּר · toor
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Td/Ncmsa
Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state
וְ Speech Conjunction
הַ Speech Particle Type Definite Article
טּוּר Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: row
rows ×11 row ×8 and a row ×2 the first row ×2 and there was a row ×1 in a row ×1 in rows ×1
More options
row — Most direct equivalent; suits architectural or table contexts.
course — Preferred for layers of stone or masonry.
tier — Use for stacked or layered arrangements.
line — More general; good for people or objects in sequence.
band — Suits decorative or patterned horizontal strips.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3322 H2905

BDB3321 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3323

טוּר noun masculineExod 28:17 row — absolute ׳ט Exod 28:17 + 9 t.; construct id. Exod 28:17 + 3 t.; plural טוּרִים Exod 28:17 + 7 t.; טֻרִים 1Kgs 7:20 construct טוּרֵי Exod 39:10 + 2 t.; —

1. row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon's house 1Kgs 6:36; 1Kgs 7:12 forming enclosures in corner of court Ezek 46:23a; of beams Ezek 6:36; Ezek 7:12, see also Ezek 7:4 (Th Klo, see שֶׁקֶף, שְׁקֻפִים); of pillars Ezek 7:2; Ezek 7:3.
2. row of jewels, on high priest's breast-piece Exod 28:17 (3 t. in verse); Exod 28:18; Exod 28:19; Exod 28:20; Exod 39:10 (3 t. in verse); Exod 39:11; Exod 39:12; Exod 39:13 (all P); of pomegranates on capitals of pillars in temple 1Kgs 7:20; 1Kgs 7:42; 2Chr 4:13, so also probably 1Kgs 7:18, see Th Klo, after ᵐ5; of knops round the molten sea 1Kgs 7:24, compare 2Chr 4:3 (oxen הַבָּקָר, erroneous for הַפְּקָעִים 1Kgs 7:24).

Strong's Definition H2905
row, rows
ṭûr
a row; hence, a wall
  • row
    • row, course (of building)
      • "row (of jewels)
Variations 8 forms of this word
Translations 7 English renderings
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Word Parts
הַ שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י
הַ
Prefix — article the
שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י
Root word third, part, three, old
Dictionary form: שְׁלִישִׁי · sheh-lee-SHEE
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Td/Aomsa
Adjective — Ordinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state an ordinal (first, second, …)
הַ Speech Particle Type Definite Article
שְּׁלִישִׁי Speech Adjective Type Ordinal Number Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: and the third
the third ×33 on the third ×12 and the third ×10 a third part ×7 and a third part ×7 in the third ×7 of the third ×3 of the same and in the third ×2
More options
third — Default ordinal; works in nearly every context.
third part — Use when denoting a fractional portion or share.
one-third — Modern fraction form; clear in numerical or proportional contexts.
tertiary — Formal/technical register; use sparingly for ranked items.
three years old — Specific idiom for animal age descriptions (e.g., heifer).
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5792 H5697 H7992

BDB5791 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5793

עֶגְלַת proper name, of a location; — שְׁלִשִׁיָּה ׳ע (the) third, Eglath Isa 15:5 (ᵐ5 δάμαλις τριερής) Jer 48:34 (ᵐ5 ἀγγελιαν Σαλασεια), near Zoar and southern border of Moab.

BDB8764 H7992 H5697

BDB8763 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8765

שְׁלִישִׁי masculine שְׁלִישִׁית feminine adjective ordinal number108 third; — יוֺם שְׁלִישִׁי Gen 1:13 + 31 t., etc. (64 t., rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); plural שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) 1Sam 19:21; 2Kgs 1:13 + 4 t.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית 1Kgs 18:1 + 4 t., etc. (33 t.; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third 2Sam 18:2 (3 t. in verse) + 13 t., + (construct) Num 15:6 + 4 t., + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיךְ (Ges«GKC:91l»§ 91l) Ezek 5:12 third part of thee; = third time 1Sam 3:8 also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Isa 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלִישִׁים Ezek 42:3 in the thirds, i.e. third story; — ׳עֶגְלַת שׁ Ezek 15:5; Jer 48:34, see ׳ע p. 722. — שְׁלִישִׁ֫תָה Ezek 21:19 is corrupt and doubtful; Krae proposes וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conjectures in Co Toy. 1Sam 20:5 strike out ׳הַשּׁ ᵐ5 We Dr and others, so v1Sam 20:12. 2Sam 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם ᵑ6 We Dr and others

Strong's Definition H7992
third, part, three, old
šĕlîšî
third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
  • third, one third, third part, third time
    • ordinal number
Variations 31 forms of this word
Translations 32 English renderings
Third
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Word Parts
לֶ֥שֶׁם
לֶ֥שֶׁם
Root word ligure
Dictionary form: לֶשֶׁם · leh-SHEM
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmsa
Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state
לֶשֶׁם Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: a ligure
a ligure ×2
More options
jacinth — Most widely accepted modern scholarly identification.
amber — Alternative mineralogical proposal; warm orange-yellow stone.
opal — Another proposed identification; iridescent gemstone.
gemstone — Generic fallback when exact identification is uncertain.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4470 H3958

BDB4469 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4471

I. לֶ֫שֶׁם noun [masculine] a precious stone in high priest's breast-plate Exod 28:19; Exod 39:12 (√ and meaning dubious; ᵐ5 λιγύριον, JosephAnt. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 3:7»iii. 7, 5 λίγυρος, ᵑ9 ligurius, and this (= λυγκούριον, lyncurion ?) compared with carbuncle PlinNH viii. 57 (38); identification with amber Demostratus in PlinNH xxxvii 11(2), or with jacinth (Rev 21:20) BraunDe Vest. Sacerd. ii. 14 WinerRWBi. 332; compare further, DiExod 28:19).

Strong's Definition H3958
ligure
lešem
a gem, perhaps the jacinth
  • a precious stone
    • a precious stone in the high priest's breast-plate
      • probably jacinth or ligure
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 1 English renderings
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Word Parts
שְׁב֖וֹ
שְׁב֖וֹ
Root word agate
Dictionary form: שְׁבוּ · sheh-BOO
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmsa
Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state
שְׁבוֹ Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: an agate
an agate ×2
More options
agate — Standard modern rendering; a banded quartz gemstone.
banded agate — Clarifies the streaked appearance distinctive to agate.
gemstone — Use when exact stone identification is uncertain.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8400 H7618

BDB8399 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8401

שְׁבוֺ noun [feminine] a precious stone (relation to above √ dubious; = Assyrian šubû ᵐ5 ᵑ9 agate); — Exod 28:19=Exod 39:12 (+לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

Strong's Definition H7618
agate
šĕbû
a gem (from its sparkle), probably the agate
  • a precious stone (in the high priest's breastplate)
    • probably an agate
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 1 English renderings
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Word Parts
וְ אַחְלָֽמָה
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אַחְלָֽמָה
Root word amethyst
Dictionary form: אַחְלָמָה · ah-law-MAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Ncfsa
Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state
וְ Speech Conjunction
אַחְלָֽמָה Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: and an amethyst
and an amethyst ×2
More options
amethyst — Standard modern gemstone name; universally recognized.
purple quartz — Descriptive for readers unfamiliar with the gem name.
violet gemstone — Broader term when exact identification is uncertain.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB332 H306

BDB331 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB333

אַחְלָ֑מָה noun feminine perhaps amethyst (etymology dubious; below חלם Thes q. v.; HalJAs 7, x. 426 from חלם être fort, solide; Di Kn compare Talmud חַלְמִית, malva & think of green malachite; DlHA 36 N derived from Aramaic land A—lamû), amethyst according to ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Josephus; see also LagGGA 1884, 285, but compare Di; one of the gems on the ephod Exod 28:19; Exod 39:12.

Strong's Definition H306
amethyst
ʾaḥlāmâ
a gem, probably the amethyst
  • amethyst, a gem in the third row on the ephod, breastplate of judgment worn by the high priest. Transliteration of the Septuagint word. Identification is not certain but is a purple stone perhaps a corundum or red or brown jasper.
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 1 English renderings
Exodus 28:18
Read Exodus 28
Exodus 28:20