Ezra 4:20

וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין הֲווֹ֙ עַל יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבַ֣ר נַֽהֲרָ֑ה וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ וַֽהֲלָ֖ךְ מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן

There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.

Connections

1 Kings 4:21

וּשְׁלֹמֹה הָיָה מוֹשֵׁל בְּכָל-הַמַּמְלָכוֹת מִן-הַנָּהָר אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים וְעַד גְּבוּל מִצְרָיִם מַגִּשִׁים מִנְחָה וְעֹֽבְדִים אֶת-שְׁלֹמֹה כָּל-יְמֵי חַיָּֽיו׃

And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life.

Genesis 15:18

בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כָּרַת יְהוָה אֶת-אַבְרָם בְּרִית לֵאמֹר לְזַרְעֲךָ נָתַתִּי אֶת-הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת מִנְּהַר מִצְרַיִם עַד-הַנָּהָר הַגָּדֹל נְהַר-פְּרָֽת׃

In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:

Psalms 72:8

וְיֵרְדְּ מִיָּם עַד-יָם וּמִנָּהָר עַד-אַפְסֵי-אָֽרֶץ׃

He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth.

1 Chronicles 18:3

וַיַּךְ דָּוִיד אֶת-הֲדַדְעֶזֶר מֶֽלֶךְ-צוֹבָה חֲמָתָה בְּלֶכְתּוֹ לְהַצִּיב יָדוֹ בִּֽנְהַר-פְּרָֽת׃

And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates.

1 Chronicles 19:19

וַיִּרְאוּ עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעֶזֶר כִּי נִגְּפוּ לִפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּשְׁלִימוּ עִם-דָּוִיד וַיַּֽעַבְדֻהוּ וְלֹֽא-אָבָה אֲרָם לְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת-בְּנֵֽי-עַמּוֹן עֽוֹד׃

And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his servants: neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more.

Ezra 4:16

מְהֽוֹדְעִין אֲנַחְנָה לְמַלְכָּא דִּי הֵן קִרְיְתָא דָךְ תִּתְבְּנֵא וְשֽׁוּרַיָּה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן לָֽקֳבֵל דְּנָה חֲלָק בַּֽעֲבַר נַֽהֲרָא לָא אִיתַי לָֽךְ׃

We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.

Ezra 7:24

וּלְכֹם מְהֽוֹדְעִין דִּי כָל-כָּֽהֲנַיָּא וְלֵֽוָיֵא זַמָּרַיָּא תָרָֽעַיָּא נְתִינַיָּא וּפָלְחֵי בֵּית אֱלָהָא דְנָה מִנְדָּה בְלוֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ לָא שַׁלִּיט לְמִרְמֵא עֲלֵיהֹֽם׃

Also we certify you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, singers, porters, Nethinims, or ministers of this house of God, it shall not be lawful to impose toll, tribute, or custom, upon them.

2 Chronicles 9:23

וְכֹל מַלְכֵי הָאָרֶץ מְבַקְשִׁים אֶת-פְּנֵי שְׁלֹמֹה לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת-חָכְמָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר-נָתַן הָֽאֱלֹהִים בְּלִבּֽוֹ׃

And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, that God had put in his heart.

2 Chronicles 17:11

וּמִן-פְּלִשְׁתִּים מְבִיאִים לִיהֽוֹשָׁפָט מִנְחָה וְכֶסֶף מַשָּׂא גַּם הָֽעַרְבִיאִים מְבִיאִים לוֹ צֹאן אֵילִים שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וּשְׁבַע מֵאוֹת וּתְיָשִׁים שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וּשְׁבַע מֵאֽוֹת׃

Also some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents, and tribute silver; and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he goats.

1 Chronicles 18:13

וַיָּשֶׂם בֶּֽאֱדוֹם נְצִיבִים וַיִּֽהְיוּ כָל-אֱדוֹם עֲבָדִים לְדָוִיד וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהוָה אֶת-דָּוִיד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָֽךְ׃

And he put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became David's servants. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

1 Chronicles 18:6

וַיָּשֶׂם דָּוִיד בַּֽאֲרַם דַּרְמֶשֶׂק וַיְהִי אֲרָם לְדָוִיד עֲבָדִים נֹֽשְׂאֵי מִנְחָה וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהוָה לְדָוִיד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָֽךְ׃

Then David put garrisons in Syria-damascus; and the Syrians became David's servants, and brought gifts. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

Joshua 1:3

כָּל-מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּֽף-רַגְלְכֶם בּוֹ לָכֶם נְתַתִּיו כַּֽאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי אֶל-מֹשֶֽׁה׃

Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, that have I given unto you, as I said unto Moses.

2 Chronicles 26:7

וַיַּעְזְרֵהוּ הָֽאֱלֹהִים עַל-פְּלִשְׁתִּים וְעַל-‫(הערביים)‬ הָֽעַרְבִים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים בְּגוּר-בָּעַל וְהַמְּעוּנִֽים׃

And God helped him against the Philistines, and against the Arabians that dwelt in Gur-baal, and the Mehunims.

1 Kings 4:24

כִּי-הוּא רֹדֶה׀ בְּכָל-עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר מִתִּפְסַח וְעַד-עַזָּה בְּכָל-מַלְכֵי עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר וְשָׁלוֹם הָיָה לוֹ מִכָּל-עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִֽיב׃

For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him.

Ezra 4:13

כְּעַן יְדִיעַ לֶֽהֱוֵא לְמַלְכָּא דִּי הֵן קִרְיְתָא דָךְ תִּתְבְּנֵא וְשׁוּרַיָּה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן מִנְדָּֽה-בְלוֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ לָא יִנְתְּנוּן וְאַפְּתֹם מַלְכִים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃

Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.

2 Chronicles 9:14

לְבַד מֵֽאַנְשֵׁי הַתָּרִים וְהַסֹּֽחֲרִים מְבִיאִים וְכָל-מַלְכֵי עֲרַב וּפַחוֹת הָאָרֶץ מְבִיאִים זָהָב וָכֶסֶף לִשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃

Beside that which chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and governors of the country brought gold and silver to Solomon.

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Ezra 4:20

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Niqqud

Cantillation

Masoretic Phrasing

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.

וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין Revia — a lesser break הֲווֹ֙ Pashta — a lesser break עַל יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין Zaqef Qatan — a strong break בְּכֹ֖ל Tipeha — a lesser break עֲבַ֣ר נַֽהֲרָ֑ה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ Tevir — a lesser break וַֽהֲלָ֖ךְ Tipeha — a lesser break מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן Silluq — end of the verse

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Word Parts

וּ מַלְכִ֣ין

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מַלְכִ֣ין

Root word king, kings, royal

Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmpa

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

וּ	Speech Conjunction
מַלְכִין	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: kings

the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6

More options

king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.

monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.

ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.

sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.

royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

מֶ֫לֶךְ₁₇₈ noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M⁴¹*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke^{71.3, of Xerxes}]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

Strong's Definition H4430

king, kings, royal

melek

a king

king

Variations 15 forms of this word

Translations 35 English renderings

Kings

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Word Parts

תַּקִּיפִ֗ין

Root word strong, mighty

Dictionary form: תַּקִּיף · tahk-KEEP

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Aampa

Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

תַּקִּיפִין

Speech Adjective Type Adjective Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: mighty

mighty ×2 strong ×2 and strong ×1

More options

powerful — Broad, modern default for general strength or dominance.

mighty — Retains KJV flavor but still current; good for epic/divine contexts.

strong — Plain and direct; suits physical or structural strength.

formidable — Emphasizes awe-inspiring, imposing force or authority.

dominant — Highlights superiority over others; useful in political contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB10018 H8624

[תַּקִּיף] adjective strong, mighty; — feminine singular absolute תַּקִּיפָה, of kingdom, Dan 2:40 (like iron), vDan 2:42 אָ֯ Dan 7:7, of beast; masculine plural absolute תַּקִּיפִין, of kings Ezra 4:20, God's wonders Dan 3:33.

Strong's Definition H8624

strong, mighty

taqqîp

powerful

might, strong, mighty

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 3 English renderings

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Word Parts

הֲווֹ֙

Root word be, beheld, was, saw, would, …

Dictionary form: הָוָא · haw-WAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqp3mp

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

הֲווֹ

Speech Verb Stem Peal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: there have been

i beheld ×6 shall be ×6 be ×5 was ×5 he would ×4 i saw ×4 be it ×2 shall come to pass ×2

More options

be — Default copula; broadest fit for most contexts.

become — Prefer when a change of state is in view.

exist — Emphasizes ongoing or absolute being.

happen — Best for impersonal 'come to pass' constructions.

occur — Slightly more formal alternative to 'happen'.

take place — Idiomatic for events unfolding in narrative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה₇₁ verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K^{§ 47, l}) b) Dr^{§ 204 Obs.} Nö^{M 215 ff.}; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D^{§ 61, lc}) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —

1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.

2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.

3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

Strong's Definition H1934

be, beheld, was, saw, would, …

hāwāʾ

to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words)

to come to pass, become, be

(P'al)

to come to pass

to let become known (with participle of knowing)

Variations 21 forms of this word

Translations 41 English renderings

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Word Parts

עַל

Preposition upon, unto, over, in, against, …

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R

Preposition

עַל	Speech Preposition

In English

In the KJV here: also over

upon ×16 over ×9 unto ×8 against ×7 concerning ×5 in ×5 for ×4 to ×4

More options

on — Most versatile default; covers surface and figurative senses.

over — Use for authority, coverage, or position above.

about — Best for topics or subjects of speech or thought.

against — Use for opposition, complaint, or hostile action.

concerning — Formal; suits legal or prophetic discourse on a subject.

regarding — Neutral modern alternative to 'concerning'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

Strong's Definition H5922

upon, unto, over, in, against, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

upon, over, on account of, above, to, against

upon, over, on account of, regarding, concerning, on behalf of

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 41 English renderings

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Word Parts

יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Jerusalem")

Dictionary form: יְרוּשָׁלֵם · yeh-roo-shaw-LAME

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

יְרוּשְׁלֶם

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: jerusalem

is at jerusalem ×6 is in jerusalem ×5 jerusalem ×3 and jerusalem ×2 at jerusalem ×2 to jerusalem ×2 was in jerusalem ×2 are at jerusalem ×1

More options

Jerusalem — Standard modern spelling; use in virtually all contexts.

the city of Jerusalem — Use when clarifying Jerusalem as a city for new readers.

the holy city — Thematic substitute when sacred significance is being emphasized.

Zion — Poetic or prophetic contexts where Zion is synonymous.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9593 H3390 H3389

יְרוּשְׁלֵם₂₅ proper name, of a location Jerusalem (Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם); — Dan 5:2; Dan 5:3; Dan 6:11; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:12 + 20 t. Ezra.

Strong's Definition H3390

jerusalem

yĕrûšālēm

teaching of peace

Jerusalem

the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split

Variations 12 forms of this word

Translations 11 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ שַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין

Root word ruleth, ruled, ruler, captain, lawful, …

Dictionary form: שַׁלִּיט · shahl-LEET

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Aampa

Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

וְ	Speech Conjunction
שַׁלִּיטִין	Speech Adjective Type Adjective Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: which have ruled

ruleth ×3 be lawful ×1 captain ×1 do rule ×1 nor ruler ×1 ruled ×1 ruler ×1 which have ruled ×1

More options

ruler — Broadest equivalent; fits most narrative and legal contexts.

sovereign — Emphasizes supreme authority; suits royal or divine contexts.

official — Neutral, institutional tone; good for administrative settings.

one who rules — Participial sense; mirrors the Hebrew active-participle form.

authorized — Captures 'lawful/permitted' nuance in legal or permissive clauses.

governor — Concrete title; fits provincial or appointed-authority contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9960 H7990

שַׁלִּיט adjective having mastery, ruling; — absolute ׳שׁ Ezra 7:24 +, emphatic אָ֯ Dan 2:15 masculine plural שְׁלִיטִין Ezra 4:20, מִן- Dan 4:23 —

1. having, exercising, mastery:
a. of God, followed by ב, Dan 4:14; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 absolute, of heavens Dan 4:23
b. of kings Ezra 4:20 (ב).

2. as noun = ruler Dan 2:10, captain vDan 2:15.

3. having authority to do a thing (Infinitive), hence impersonal = it is authorized, Ezra 7:24 (so often in Syriac; compare S-C^{A 11} + אנת שליט למבנה).

Strong's Definition H7990

ruleth, ruled, ruler, captain, lawful, …

šallîṭ

mighty; abstractly, permission; concretely, a premier

having mastery, having authority, ruling

having or exercising mastery, ruling

it is authorised

Variations 5 forms of this word

Translations 8 English renderings

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Word Parts

בְּ כֹ֖ל

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

כֹ֖ל

Root word all, any, as, whole, every, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בְּ	Speech Preposition
כֹל	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: over all

all ×24 and all ×9 any ×5 the whole ×5 every ×3 forasmuch as ×3 in all ×3 as ×2

More options

all — Most universal choice; suits totality of groups or things.

every — Prefer when emphasizing each individual item separately.

whole — Best for a single unified entity taken in its entirety.

any — Use in negative or conditional contexts for indefinite scope.

everything — More emphatic than 'all'; good for abstract totality.

since / because — Use when כֹּל functions as a causal conjunction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

Strong's Definition H3606

all, any, as, whole, every, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, whole, the whole

the whole of, all

Variations 19 forms of this word

Translations 38 English renderings

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Word Parts

עֲבַ֣ר

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Countries beyond")

Dictionary form: עֲבַר · uh-BAHR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

עֲבַר

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: countries beyond

on this side ×5 are beyond ×3 beyond ×3 countries beyond ×1 that are on this side ×1 were on this side ×1

More options

the other side — Most natural modern phrase for spatial opposition.

across — Concise; works well with rivers or boundaries.

region beyond — Good for geographic or territorial contexts.

far side — Emphasizes distance; useful in narrative description.

opposite bank — Precise when referencing a river or body of water.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9750 H5675 H5676

עֲבַר noun masculine region across, beyond (see Biblical Hebrew I. עֵ֫בֶר √עָבַר); — construct in phrase עֲבַר(ֿ)נַהֲרָה, i.e. Syria (Scheft⁸⁷): Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:20; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:13; Ezra 7:21; Ezra 7:25, נהרא ׳ע Ezra 4:16. compare in Cilician Aramaic, Cooke³⁴⁶.

עַד see עדה. below

Strong's Definition H5675

beyond, side

ʿăbar

properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)

region beyond or across

Variations 3 forms of this word

Translations 6 English renderings

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Word Parts

נַֽהֲרָ ֑ה

נַֽהֲרָ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The river")

֑ה

Prefix — article the

Dictionary form: נְהַר · neh-HAHR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np/Td

Noun — Proper Name

נַהֲרָ	Speech Noun Type Proper Name
ה	Speech Particle Type Definite Article

In English

In the KJV here: the river

the river ×14 stream ×1

More options

river — Most natural, broadly applicable term for a large waterway.

stream — Suitable for smaller or less imposing waterways.

waterway — Neutral, context-flexible; good for geographic or formal writing.

canal — Appropriate when context implies a man-made or channeled flow.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9696 H5102 H5103

נְהַר₁₄ noun masculine^{Dan 7:10} river (see Biblical Hebrew I. נהר); — absolute ׳נ Dan 7:10 emphatic נַהֲרָה Ezra 4:10 +, אָ֯, Ezra 4:16 — river, usually of Euphrase, in phrase ׳עֲבַר נ Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:16 + 10 t. Ezra; דִּינֿוּר ׳נ Dan 7:10 a river of fire, in vision.

Strong's Definition H5103

river, stream

nĕhar

a river, especially the Euphrates

river

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

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Word Parts

וּ מִדָּ֥ה

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מִדָּ֥ה

Root word toll, tribute

Dictionary form: מִדָּה · mid-DAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncfsa

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

וּ	Speech Conjunction
מִדָּה	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and toll

toll ×2 and toll ×1 the tribute ×1

More options

toll — Modernized from KJV; standard term for a transit levy.

tribute — Modernized from KJV; implies payment to a superior power.

tax — Broad, familiar term; good for general contexts.

levy — Formal register; suits official or legal contexts.

duty — Emphasizes obligatory payment, e.g. customs or import duty.

tariff — Best when trade or commerce is explicitly in view.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9671 H4061 H4060

מִנְדָּה, מִדָּה (?) noun feminine tribute (Assyrian loan-word, compare Biblical Hebrew II. [מִדָּה]); — absolute ׳מִנ Ezra 4:13; Ezra 7:24 + Ezra 4:20 Baer (van d. H. Gi Str מִדָּה); construct מִדַּת Ezra 6:8.

מַנְדַּע see ידע.

Strong's Definition H4061

toll, tribute

middâ

tribute in money

tribute

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 3 English renderings

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Word Parts

בְל֛וֹ

Root word tribute

Dictionary form: בְּלוֹ · beh-LOH

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

בְלוֹ

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: tribute

tribute ×3

More options

tribute — Most direct equivalent; payment to a ruling power.

tax — Broader modern term; suits administrative or fiscal contexts.

levy — Formal imposition by authority; good for legal or official texts.

toll — Implies transit or usage fee; use when movement is in view.

tariff — Best for trade or customs contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9375 H1093

בְּלוֺ noun [masculine] tribute (loan-word from Assyrian biltu, √ ובל, according to most modern; but Scheft⁸⁰ compare Old Iranian bali, tribute, Old Persian * bari, payment in kind, so (in Babylonian bara) Mey^{G.d.Altert.iii.88} Scheft^{MGWJ 47 (1903), 316} Buhl^{14 'vielleicht'}); — absolute מִנְדְּה וַהֲלָח ׳ב Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:20; Ezra 7:24.

Strong's Definition H1093

tribute

bĕlô

excise (on articles consumed)

tribute

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 1 English renderings

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Word Parts

וַ ֽהֲלָ֖ךְ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

ֽהֲלָ֖ךְ

Root word custom

Dictionary form: הֲלָךְ · huh-LOKE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

וַ	Speech Conjunction
הֲלָךְ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and custom

and custom ×2 or custom ×1

More options

toll — Best for transit/trade tax contexts; precise and modern

duty — General tax obligation; suits formal or legal registers

levy — Emphasizes an imposed charge; slightly more forceful tone

tax — Broadest modern term; use when specificity is unnecessary

tariff — Ideal when trade or import context is explicit

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9465 H1888 H1887 H1983

הֵא demonstrative particle, prefixed idiomatically to כְּ for greater definiteness, literally behold like (Biblical Hebrew הֵא, see הָא above), only in הֵאכְּֿ דִי Dan 2:43 הֵאכְּֿ דִי פַרְזְלָא לָא מִתְעָרַב like as iron doth not mingle with clay (compare
a. ᵑ7^Onk הָא כְמַיָּא Gen 49:4, so ᵑ7^Jon ׳הא כ Isa 5:28; Isa 9:4 + often; ᵑ7^Jer ׳הֵי כ Gen 26:4; Gen 26:18; Gen 26:22 + often; הֵיח Ps 2:9; Ps 5:10; Ps 5:13 +, also pleonastic ׳הֵיח כְּ Ps 22:14; Ps 22:15; Ps 22:17 + often
b. Palmyrene הֵיח as (Lzb²⁵⁹), as היך בנמוסא as (is) in the law (Cooke³²¹; so ᵑ7^Jer Ps 2:9, etc.), הֵיח דִּי conjecture (like Daniel הֵא כְּ דִי: = Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר), as היך די גבא like as he levied, Cooke^{Tariff ii. b 12. 18, c 14. 17. 21. 26} [ᵑ7^{Onk Jon} for כַּאֲשֶׁר have ׳כְּמָא דְ, ᵑ7^Jer ׳הֵיכְמָא דְ, ᵑ6. ]. It is dubious whether הֵא כְּ דִי belongs to a (notice especially ᵑ7^Jon) or b: Schulth^{ZAW 1902, 164 f.} to
b. reading הֵאח דִּי (but א rare and late: D (2) § 45. 1); Nes^{OLtz. 1892, 488} from הֵיח (see Biblical Hebrew) how ?).

BDB9474 H1983

הֲלָךְ (K^{§ 57 a})) noun [masculine] toll; — Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:20; Ezra 7:24.

Strong's Definition H1983

custom

hălok

properly, a journey, i.e., (by implication) toll on goods at a road

toll, custom duty, tribute

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

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Word Parts

מִתְיְהֵ֥ב

Root word given, gave, give, giveth, laid, …

Dictionary form: יְהַב · yeh-HAHB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vusmsa

Verb — Hithpeel, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state passive / reflexive of the simple stem (Aramaic) a settled state — try "___ed"

מִתְיְהֵב

Speech Verb Stem Hithpeel Type Participle Passive Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: was paid unto them

and given ×2 be given ×2 given ×2 was given to it ×2 and gave a great ×1 and laid ×1 and there was given ×1 and they shall be given ×1

More options

give — Most versatile; covers commands, narration, and general sense.

grant — Prefer when a superior bestows something formally or officially.

hand over — Emphasizes physical transfer or delivery to a recipient.

pay — Best when the context involves tribute, wages, or settlement.

extend — Use for abstract giving such as prolonging time or life.

yield — Suits contexts of surrendering, producing, or conceding something.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9573 H3051 H3052

יְהַב verb give (ᵑ7 Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳י Ezra 5:12 +; 2 masculine singular יְהַבְתְּ Dan 2:23 3 masculine plural וִיהַ֫בוּ Dan 3:28 Imperative masculine singular הַב (K^{§ 11. 3. a})) Dan 5:17 Participle active יָהֵב Dan 2:21, plural יָָֽהֲבִין Dan 6:3 —

1. give, accusative of thing + ל person Dan 2:48; Dan 5:17, also (subject God) Dan 2:21; Dan 2:23; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:38; Dan 5:18; Dan 5:19 give report Dan 6:3 (ל person); give over, accusative of person + בְּיַד (יַד

2.) Ezra 5:12 (subject God); give up, surrender Dan 3:28 (one's body, accusative).

2. place, lay foundations Ezra 5:16 (Nabataean also place Cooke^{102, 1. 6} SAC^{JQ 1904, 274}; see

2. Schulth^{Lex; and ZAW xxii (1902), 162}; compare D^{WB 171}). Pe`il (W^{CG 224}), be given, subject thing, with ל person: 3 masculine singular יְהִיב Ezra 7:4; Ezra 7:6, יְהִב vEzra 7:14 vEzra 7:22, 3 feminine singular יְהִיבַת Ezra 5:28; Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:27 3 masculine plural וִיהִ֫יבוּ Ezra 5:14 be given up (ל of flame) Dan 7:11. Hithpe`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְיְהֵב Dan 4:13, 3 feminine singular תִּתְיְה֑ב Ezra 6:4 3 masculine plural יִתְיַהֲבוּן Dan 7:25 Participle מִתְיְהֵב Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:9, feminine singular מִתְיִהֲבָא vEzra 6:8, plural בין- Ezra 7:19 —

1. be given, subject thing, ל person Dan 4:13; Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:19 be given over, subject person בִּידֵהּ (יַד

2.) Dan 7:25.

2. be paid, of cost Ezra 6:4 (מִן of source), vEzra 6:8 (ל person), toll Ezra 4:20 (ל person).

Strong's Definition H3052

given, gave, give, giveth, laid, …

yĕhab

to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come

to give, provide

(P'al)

to give

to be given

Variations 17 forms of this word

Translations 24 English renderings

Word Parts

לְ הֽוֹן

לְ

Preposition to, for

הֽוֹן

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Sp3mp

Preposition

לְ	Speech Preposition
הֽוֹן	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural

In English

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

Ezra 4:19

Read Ezra 4

Ezra 4:21