Ezra 4:13

כְּעַ֗ן יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן מִנְדָּֽה בְל֤וֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן וְאַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק
Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

כְּעַ֗ן
כְּעַ֗ן
Adverb now
Dictionary form: כְּעַן · keh-AN

Adverb

In the KJV here: now
now ×10 and now ×1 unto me now ×1 ye now ×1
More options
now — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly all contexts.
at this point — Useful when marking a narrative turning point.
at this time — Slightly more formal; good in speeches or declarations.
just now — Emphasizes immediacy or recency of the moment.
right now — Colloquial; stresses urgency or present relevance.

BDB9781 H3705 H6526 H6528

BDB9780 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9782

כְּעַן adverb now (so Egyptian Aramaic (CISii. 137 = CookeNo.73 RÉS:361 B S-CPap. C 5); ᵑ7, e.g. Num 22:4: עַן probably a substantive from [עָנָה] the √ of עֵת, time; so כְּעַן literally at (this) time = Hebrew עַתָּה: K§ 67, 4); — Dan 2:23 וּכְעַן הוֺדַעְתַּנִי, Dan 3:15; Dan 4:34; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 6:9; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:14; Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:6 עַדכְּֿעַן until now Ezra 5:16 (so ᵑ7 Gen 18:22 +).

BDB9782 H3706 H3705

BDB9781 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9783

כְּעֶ֫נֶת and (Ezra 4:17) contracted כְּעֶת adverb now (feminine of כְּעַן; so first SS TorreyJBL 16 (1897), 166 ff.; now confirmed by Egyptian Aramaic כענת CowleyPSBA xxv. 264, 311, 312 ( = RES492-4 = S-CM, N, O); ׳וכ formerly taken to mean and so forth); — always ׳וּכ, and always in a letter, introducing the business of the letter, and to be connected with what follows, not, as ᵑ0, with what precedes: Ezra 4:10 (strike out, as introduced by error from end of vEzra 4:11), vEzra 4:11 (joining to vEzra 4:12) and now, let it be known, etc., vEzra 4:17f. and now, the letter which, etc., Ezra 7:12f. and now, I make a decree, etc. (compare וְעַתָּה similarly in letters 2Kgs 5:6; 2Kgs 10:2, and καὶ νῦν 2 Macc 1:6).

now
kĕʿan
now
  • now, at this time, until now

יְדִ֙יעַ֙
יְדִ֙יעַ֙
Root word known, know, certify, knew, knewest, …
Dictionary form: יְדַע · yeh-DA

Verb — Peil, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state simple passive (Aramaic) — "it was done" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: it known
know ×5 known ×4 and make known ×3 make known ×3 thou know ×2 to make known ×2 also we certify ×1 and certified ×1
More options
know — Most direct, general-purpose rendering.
make known — Use when the sense is proclamation or disclosure.
reveal — Emphasizes unveiling hidden or divine information.
inform — Neutral; suits official or formal communication contexts.
certify — Formal/legal register; confirms or attests a fact.
teach — Use when the knowing involves instruction or training.

BDB9571 H3045 H3046

BDB9570 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9572

יְדַע verb know (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳י Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11, 2 masculine singular יְדַ֫עָתָּ Dan 5:22, 1s. יִדְעֵת Dan 4:6 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּנְדַּע (K§ 11, 4. b) β)) Ezra 4:15 +, etc.; Imu. דַּע masculine singular (K§ 11. 3 a)) Dan 6:16 Participle active יָדַע Dan 2:8 +; plural יָָֽדְעִין Dan 5:23, etc.; passive יְדיעַ Dan 4:12 +; — know, with accusative of thing Dan 2:30; Dan 5:22, accusative of thing omitted Ezra 7:25 ׳יָֽדְעֵי דָּתֵי א, vEzra 7:25, יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Dan 2:21 with object clause vDan 2:8 vDan 2:9 vDan 2:22; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:14; Dan 4:23; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:15, so (of God) Dan 4:22 participle active absolute Dan 5:23 having capacity of knowledge; passive in periphrase conjugation, subject clause + ל person Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺדַע Dan 2:15 +, suffix הוֺדְעָךְ vDan 2:29, 2 masculine singular suffix הוֺדַעְתַּ֫נִי vDan 2:23, תֶּ֑נָה- vDan 2:23 1 plural הוֺדַ֫עְנָא Ezra 4:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְהוֺדַע Dan 2:25, suffix יְהוֺדְעִנַּ֑נִי Dan 7:16, etc. (see K§ 43 c)); Infinitive לְהוֺדָעָה Dan 5:8, suffix לְהוֺדָעֻתַ֫נִי Dan 4:15; Dan 5:16, etc.; Participle active plural מְהוֺדְעִין Dan 4:4 +; — cause to know, inform : ל person Ezra 4:14, + accusative of thing Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:25; Dan 2:30; Dan 4:4; Dan 5:8; Dan 5:17, so (sf, person) Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:26; Dan 4:3; Dan 4:15; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 7:16, and (subject God) Dan 2:23 ל person + object clause Ezra 4:16; Ezra 7:24, so (of God) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29; Dan 2:45, and (suffix person) V:23; accusative of person only Ezra 5:10; Ezra 7:25.

known, know, certify, knew, knewest, …
yĕdaʿ
to inform
  • to know
    • (P'al) to know
      • "(Aphel) to let someone know, communicate, inform, cause to know

לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א
לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א
Root word be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
Dictionary form: הָוָא · haw-WAW

Verb — Peal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: be
i beheld ×6 shall be ×6 be ×5 was ×5 he would ×4 i saw ×4 be it ×2 shall come to pass ×2
More options
be — Default copula; broadest fit for most contexts.
become — Prefer when a change of state is in view.
exist — Emphasizes ongoing or absolute being.
happen — Best for impersonal 'come to pass' constructions.
occur — Slightly more formal alternative to 'happen'.
take place — Idiomatic for events unfolding in narrative.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

BDB9469 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9471

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה71 verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K§ 47, l) b) Dr§ 204 Obs. NöM 215 ff.; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D§ 61, lc) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —
1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.
2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.
3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
hāwāʾ
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words)
  • to come to pass, become, be
    • (P'al)
      • to come to pass
        • "to come into being, arise, become, come to be
        • to let become known (with participle of knowing)
        to be

לְ מַלְכָּ ֔א
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
מַלְכָּ
Root word king, kings, royal
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: unto the king
the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6
More options
king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.
monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.
ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.
sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.
royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

BDB9661 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9663

מֶ֫לֶךְ178 noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ  ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ  ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M41*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke71.3, of Xerxes]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

king, kings, royal
melek
a king
  • king

דִּ֠י
דִּ֠י
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that
that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
dî
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
    • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

הֵ֣ן
הֵ֣ן
Conjunction if, or, whether
Dictionary form: הֵן · hane

Conjunction

In the KJV here: if
if ×8 but if ×2 or ×2 whether ×2 therefore if ×1 well but if ×1
More options
if — Standard conditional; broadly useful in most contexts.
whether — Prefer when introducing an alternative or indirect question.
even if — Adds concessive force; use when contrast is implied.
suppose — Conversational; suits rhetorical or hypothetical scenarios.
in case — Highlights contingency; fits cautionary or legal contexts.

BDB2204 H2005 H518 H2006

BDB2203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2205

II. הֵן100 (הֶןֿ Num 23:9; Num 23:24; Job 8:19; Job 8:20; Job 13:1; Job 26:14; Job 33:6; Job 33:12; Job 33:29; Job 36:5; Job 36:22; Job 36:26 הֵןֿ Job 13:15; Job 36:30; Job 41:1 +) demonstrative adverb or interjection lo! behold (on etymology see הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based;
  a. Gen 3:22 הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה behold the man is become as one of us, & now lest, etc., Gen 4:14 behold, thou hast driven me forth etc., Gen 11:6; Gen 15:3; Gen 19:34; Gen 27:11; Gen 29:7; Gen 30:34 (nearly = yea), Exod 5:5; Exod 6:12; Exod 6:30; Lev 10:18; Lev 10:19; Num 17:27; Deut 5:21 (in prose only in Pentateuch (23 t.) and Ezek 18:4 in this usage); in poetry, used more freely, but chiefly in Isa2 & Job, — Num 23:9; Num 23:24 (Balaam) Isa 23:13; Isa 32:1; Isa 33:7; Ps 51:7; Ps 51:8; Ps 68:34; Ps 78:20; Ps 139:4; Prov 11:31 (stating the premiss to a conclusion introduced by אַף כִּי, q. v.), Prov 24:12: elsewhere (except in senses b, c) only in Isa2 (23 t.) & Job (31 t), as Isa 40:15 (twice in verse); Isa 41:11; Isa 41:24; Isa 41:29; Isa 50:1; Isa 50:2; Isa 50:9 (twice in verse); Isa 50:11; Job 4:18; Job 15:15; Job 25:5 (in these three passages before אַף or אַף כִּי), Job 9:1; Job 9:12 etc. (see above).
  b. as a hypothetical particle, propounding a possibility, if (so Late Hebrew, Biblical Aramaic, Mandean, Palmyrene (ZMG 1888, 404); on the contrary Syriac , Palestinian ᵑ7 אִין, also Palmyrene (ib. p. 415), Arabic with א), a special application or development of the use a: Exod 4:1 והן לא יאמינו לי and behold ( = and suppose) they will not believe me ? etc., Lev 25:20 and if (וְכִי) ye say, What shall we eat the 7th year ? הֵן לֹא נִזְרַע behold, we shall not sow etc. (i.e. supposing we do not sow), Isa 54:15; Job 40:23; 2Chr 7:13 (twice in verse) (2Chr 7:13 b וְאִם); stating the ground on which a question is based, Exod 8:22 (וְלֹא = הֲלֹא), Jer 3:1; Hag 2:12 (see הֵן Aramaic b).
  c. if, whether, in an indirect question, Jer 2:10 רְאוּ הֵן הָֽיְתָה כָּזֹאת (but Gr הֲנִהְיְתָה); compare אִם 2 b, and הֵן Aramaic

3.

BDB9477 H2005 H2006 H518 H3861

BDB9476 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9478

הֵן conjunction if, whether (Biblical Hebrew הֵן, q. v.: Zenjirli, Egyptian Aramaic (S-CPap. A 7 +), Palmyrene, Nabataean הן, Mandean הין if [ᵑ7Onk Jon use אם, ᵑ7Jer אין, Syriac ]); —

1. if, Dan 2:6; Dan 3:15; Dan 3:17; Dan 4:24; Dan 5:16; Dan 5:17, הֵן לָא ֗֗֗ Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 3:15 vDan 3:18 הֵן לָ֔א if not.
2. repeated, הֵן ֗֗֗ הֵן sive ... sive, whether ... or (compare Biblical Hebrew אִם, 1 b 1), Ezra 7:26 (so PalmyreneTariff ii.c.19).
3. in indirect question, whether (compare אִם, 2 b), Ezra 5:17b יִתְבַּקַּר ֗֗֗ הֵן אִיתַי ֗֗֗ . — See also לָהֵן. p. 50, 243, 1099

הַסִּק etc., see סלק Haph`el

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

if, or, whether
hēn
lo! also there(-fore), (un-)less, whether, but, if
  • behold, if, whether

קִרְיְתָ ֥א
קִרְיְתָ
Root word city, cities
֥א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: קִרְיָא · kir-YAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: city
city ×8 in the cities ×1
More options
city — Standard modern rendering; suits most contexts.
town — Use for smaller or less prominent settlements.
urban center — Formal/academic contexts emphasizing civic scale.
settlement — Neutral; good when size or status is ambiguous.

BDB9872 H7149 H7151

BDB9871 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9873

קִרְיָה, אָ֯, noun feminine city (ᵑ7 Syriac; S-CA 9 + קריה; see Biblical Hebrew, √ קרה; also NöBeitr. 62); — absolute הָ֯ Ezra 4:10, אָ֯ vEzra 4:15 emphatic קִרְיְתָא vEzra 4:12 vEzra 4:13 vEzra 4:15 vEzra 4:15 vEzra 4:16 vEzra 4:19 vEzra 4:21

city, cities
qiryāʾ
building; a city
  • city

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: דֵּךְ · dake

Noun — feminine singular

In the KJV here: this
this ×7 of this ×2 and that this ×1 and this ×1 the same ×1 was this ×1
More options
this — Most natural, all-purpose demonstrative for nearby referents.
that — Use when referent is more remote or has been previously mentioned.
the same — Emphasizes identity or continuity with something already stated.
such — Useful when generalizing from the specific referent.
this very — Adds emphasis; highlights the precise referent in context.

BDB9304 H479 H1791

BDB9303 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9305

אִלֵּךְ demonstrative pronoun plural these (plural of דֵּךְ, q. v.: Egyptian Aramaic אלך (Cooke207 RES361 B S-CPap. E 6+): with hâ prefixed, Old Syriac , feminine Nö§ 67, M§ 82 BurkittEvang. da-Mepharreshe ii.42, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (masculine and feminine) SchwIdioticon 24; compare Arabic , Ethiopic : DiLex.1057: the demonstrative affix ך as in דֵּךְ, , etc.; WCG 110); — these, גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ these men, Dan 3:12; Dan 3:13; Dan 3:21; Dan 3:22; Dan 3:23; Dan 3:27; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:12; Dan 6:16; Dan 6:25; Ezra 4:21; Ezra 16:8b; also Ezra 5:9; Ezra 6:8a.

BDB9447 H1791 H479

BDB9446 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9448

דֵּךְ demonstrative pronoun masculine this, feminine דָּח; only Ezra; Daniel uses דִּכֵּן (Egyptian and Cappadocian Aramaic זך (CISii. 151 RŠS:361 B S-CPap. (feminine דכא, דכי ib.F 6, 9), LzbEph. i. 67); ᵑ7 דֵּיכֵי, feminine דָּח; Arabic ; Ethiopic From זֶה, דָּא (feminine), with the affix ך (WCG 110), thus literally = German dieser da. The plural is אִלֵּח, q. v.); — this (always after its substantive), Ezra 5:16 שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר דֵח, vEzra 5:17 בֵּיתאֱֿלָהָא דֵח, Ezra 6:7; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:12 feminine Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:16 (twice in verse); Ezra 4:19; Ezra 4:21 all קִרְיְתָא דָח, Ezra 5:8.

BDB9448 H1797 H1791

BDB9447 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9449

דִּכֵּן demonstrative pronoun common this, that; only Daniel; Ezra uses דֵח (דֵּח + demonstrative affix. n, WCG 111); — Dan 2:31 ׳צַלְמָא ד, Dan 7:20; Dan 7:21 ׳קַרְנָא ד.

this, same
dēk
this
  • this

תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א
תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א
Root word builded, build, building, built, make
Dictionary form: בְּנָא · beh-NAW

Verb — Hithpeel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person feminine singular passive / reflexive of the simple stem (Aramaic) not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: be builded
be builded ×4 builded ×4 to build ×3 you to build ×2 and build ×1 and they builded ×1 build ×1 building ×1
More options
build — Most versatile; fits narrative, legal, and instructional contexts.
construct — More formal; suits architectural or official decrees.
erect — Emphasizes the act of raising a structure upright.
rebuild — Use when context implies restoration of a prior structure.
establish — Captures figurative sense of founding or setting something firm.

BDB9378 H1124 H1129

BDB9377 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9379

[בְּבָה, בְּנָא] verb build (Biblical Hebrew בָּנָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix 3 masculine singular בְּנָ֫הִי Ezra 5:11 1 singular suffix בֶּנַיְתַהּ Dan 4:27 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִבְנוֺן Ezra 6:7 Infinitive לְמִבְנֵא Ezra 5:2 +, לְמִבְבְיָה vEzra 5:9 (read לְמִבְנֵא M§ 64 u or < לְמִבְנֵה, so S-CA 8. 64), לִבְּנֵא (read לְמִבְנֵא Str§ 23 l Ml.c.) vEzra 5:3 vEzra 5:13 Participle active plural בָּנַ֫יִן Ezra 4:12 +; passive בְּנֵה Ezra 5:11 (see on forms K§ 47, Belsp. pass.); — build: with accusative of temple Ezra 5:2; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:9; Ezra 5:11; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:7; Ezra 6:8, so Ezra 5:4 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb); passive of temple vEzra 5:11 with accusative of city Ezra 4:12; Dan 4:27 absolute Ezra 6:14 (twice in verse). Hithpe`el be built: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְבְּנֵא of temple Ezra 5:15; Ezra 6:3 3 feminine singular תִּתְבְּנֵא of city vEzra 6:13 vEzra 6:16 vEzra 6:21 Participle מִתְבְּנֵא of temple Ezra 5:8 (with accusative mater.), vEzra 5:16.

builded, build, building, built, make
bĕnāʾ
to build
  • to build
    • (P'al) to build
      • "(Ithp'il) to be built

וְ שׁוּרַיָּ ֖ה
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
שׁוּרַיָּ
Root word walls
֖ה
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: שׁוּר · shoor

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: and the walls
again and the walls ×1 and the walls ×1 the walls ×1
More options
wall — Most common rendering; broad structural sense.
rampart — Emphasizes defensive fortification context.
city wall — Clarifies urban/defensive setting when context demands.
fortification — Broader term; use when wall is part of a larger defense system.

BDB9943 H7791 H7792

BDB9942 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9944

[שׁוּר] noun masculine wall (compare Biblical Hebrew II. שׁוּר id.; Egyptian Aramaic שור RŠS361 A 5; B 1); — plural emphatic שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, אָ֯ vEzra 4:13 vEzra 4:12 read ׳שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ Qr, for ׳שׁורי אשׁ Kt.

walls
šûr
a wall (as going about)
  • wall

יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן
יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן
Root word up, finished
Dictionary form: כְּלַל · keh-LAHL

Verb — Hishtaphel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural reflexive — "to bow oneself down" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: set up
and to make up ×2 and finished ×1 and have set up ×1 and set up ×1 set up ×1 thereof set up ×1
More options
complete — Broadest fit; suits finishing a construction project.
finish — Natural modern verb for bringing work to an end.
erect — Prefer when the object is a structure being raised up.
build up — Emphasizes incremental assembly toward completion.
restore — Use when context implies repair or re-establishment.

BDB9611 H3634 H3635

BDB9610 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9612

[כְּלַל] verb complete (see Biblical Hebrew I. [כָּלַל]; but ׳שַׁכ perhaps loan-word from Assyrian šuklulu, ušaklil, uštaklil, DIWB 331, compare שֵׁיוֵב, שֵׁיצֵא and Buhl14); —

Shaph`el of building: Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix שַׁכְלְלֵהּ Ezra 5:11 he finished it; 3 masculine plural שַׁכְלִלוּ Ezra 6:14, also (with accusative of thing) Ezra 4:12 (Kt שׁודי אשׁכללו, read Qr) ׳שׁוּרַיָא שׁ; Infinitive לְהַשְׁכְּלָלָה, accusative of thing Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:9. Ishtaph. be completed, of walls; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:16.

up, finished
kĕlal
to complete
  • to finish, complete
    • (Shaphel) to finish
      • "(Ishtaphel) to be completed

מִנְדָּֽה
מִנְדָּֽה
Root word toll, tribute
Dictionary form: מִדָּה · mid-DAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: toll
toll ×2 and toll ×1 the tribute ×1
More options
toll — Modernized from KJV; standard term for a transit levy.
tribute — Modernized from KJV; implies payment to a superior power.
tax — Broad, familiar term; good for general contexts.
levy — Formal register; suits official or legal contexts.
duty — Emphasizes obligatory payment, e.g. customs or import duty.
tariff — Best when trade or commerce is explicitly in view.

BDB9671 H4061 H4060

BDB9670 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9672

מִנְדָּה, מִדָּה (?) noun feminine tribute (Assyrian loan-word, compare Biblical Hebrew II. [מִדָּה]); — absolute ׳מִנ Ezra 4:13; Ezra 7:24 + Ezra 4:20 Baer (van d. H. Gi Str מִדָּה); construct מִדַּת Ezra 6:8.

מַנְדַּע see ידע.

toll, tribute
middâ
tribute in money
  • tribute

בְל֤וֹ
בְל֤וֹ
Root word tribute
Dictionary form: בְּלוֹ · beh-LOH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: tribute
tribute ×3
More options
tribute — Most direct equivalent; payment to a ruling power.
tax — Broader modern term; suits administrative or fiscal contexts.
levy — Formal imposition by authority; good for legal or official texts.
toll — Implies transit or usage fee; use when movement is in view.
tariff — Best for trade or customs contexts.

BDB9375 H1093

BDB9374 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9376

בְּלוֺ noun [masculine] tribute (loan-word from Assyrian biltu, √ ובל, according to most modern; but Scheft80 compare Old Iranian bali, tribute, Old Persian * bari, payment in kind, so (in Babylonian bara) MeyG.d.Altert.iii.88 ScheftMGWJ 47 (1903), 316 Buhl14 'vielleicht'); — absolute מִנְדְּה וַהֲלָח ׳ב Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:20; Ezra 7:24.

tribute
bĕlô
excise (on articles consumed)
  • tribute

וַ ֽהֲלָךְ֙
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
ֽהֲלָךְ֙
Root word custom
Dictionary form: הֲלָךְ · huh-LOKE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and custom
and custom ×2 or custom ×1
More options
toll — Best for transit/trade tax contexts; precise and modern
duty — General tax obligation; suits formal or legal registers
levy — Emphasizes an imposed charge; slightly more forceful tone
tax — Broadest modern term; use when specificity is unnecessary
tariff — Ideal when trade or import context is explicit

BDB9465 H1888 H1887 H1983

BDB9464 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9466

הֵא demonstrative particle, prefixed idiomatically to כְּ for greater definiteness, literally behold like (Biblical Hebrew הֵא, see הָא above), only in הֵאכְּֿ דִי Dan 2:43 הֵאכְּֿ דִי פַרְזְלָא לָא מִתְעָרַב like as iron doth not mingle with clay (compare
  a. ᵑ7Onk הָא כְמַיָּא Gen 49:4, so ᵑ7Jon ׳הא כ Isa 5:28; Isa 9:4 + often; ᵑ7Jer ׳הֵי כ Gen 26:4; Gen 26:18; Gen 26:22 + often; הֵיח Ps 2:9; Ps 5:10; Ps 5:13 +, also pleonastic ׳הֵיח כְּ Ps 22:14; Ps 22:15; Ps 22:17 + often
  b. Palmyrene הֵיח as (Lzb259), as היך בנמוסא as (is) in the law (Cooke321; so ᵑ7Jer Ps 2:9, etc.), הֵיח דִּי conjecture (like Daniel הֵא כְּ דִי: = Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר), as היך די גבא like as he levied, CookeTariff ii. b 12. 18, c 14. 17. 21. 26 [ᵑ7Onk Jon for כַּאֲשֶׁר have ׳כְּמָא דְ, ᵑ7Jer ׳הֵיכְמָא דְ, ᵑ6. ]. It is dubious whether הֵא כְּ דִי belongs to a (notice especially ᵑ7Jon) or b: SchulthZAW 1902, 164 f. to
  b. reading הֵאח דִּי (but א rare and late: D (2) § 45. 1); NesOLtz. 1892, 488 from הֵיח (see Biblical Hebrew) how ?).

BDB9474 H1983

BDB9473 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9475

הֲלָךְ (K§ 57 a)) noun [masculine] toll; — Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:20; Ezra 7:24.

custom
hălok
properly, a journey, i.e., (by implication) toll on goods at a road
  • toll, custom duty, tribute

לָ֣א
לָ֣א
Particle not
Dictionary form: לָא · law

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: again then will they not
not ×18 nor ×8 no ×6 shall not ×4 without ×4 is not ×3 neither ×3 are not ×2
More options
not — Standard negation; fits most contexts naturally.
no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative reply.
nor — Connects two negative clauses or items.
never — Emphasizes total absence across time or circumstance.
nothing — Use when negating an implied object or quantity.
without — Preferable when negating accompaniment or condition.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

BDB9631 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9633

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb301 CookG1. 67); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K§ 67, 1 Dr§ 202, 2.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, DAramaic Dialektproben, p. 1). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, nor, without, none, …
lāʾ
no, not
  • no, not, nothing

יִנְתְּנ֔וּן
יִנְתְּנ֔וּן
Root word giveth, bestow, give, pay
Dictionary form: נְתַן · neh-TAHN

Verb — Peal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: pay
and giveth ×3 bestow ×1 he would give ×1 pay ×1 to bestow ×1
More options
give — Most versatile; suits most general contexts.
grant — Implies authority or favor from the giver.
bestow — Formal register; gifts conferred with dignity.
pay — Use when the giving settles a debt or obligation.
hand over — Emphasizes physical transfer or delivery.
present — Suitable for ceremonial or official giving.

BDB9726 H5414 H5415

BDB9725 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9727

[נְתַן] verb give (see Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 rare; Old Aramaic נתן, Imperfect ינתן, so Nabataean; Zinjirli, Palmyrene יתן; Egyptian Aramaic Imperfect אנתן, ינתן, etc., S-CPap. A 7 +, plural suffix תנתנונה ib.J 9, Infinitive למנתן S-CC 6, 9+); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִנְתִּןֿ (K§ 42) Dan 2:16, suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Dan 4:15 +; 2 masculine singular תִּנְתֵּן Ezra 7:20 3 masculine plural יִנְתְּנוּן Ezra 4:13 Infinitive לְמִנְתַּ֑ן Ezra 7:20 —
1. give, subject God, with suffix of thing + ל person, Dan 4:14; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29.
2. of man, give, allow, accusative time, Dan 2:16.
3. give, pay, accusative of thing, Ezra 4:13; Ezra 7:20 (+ מִן of source), absolute vEzra 7:20.

giveth, bestow, give, pay
nĕtan
give
  • to give
    • (P'al)
      • to give
        • "to give, allow"to give, pay

וְ אַפְּתֹ֥ם
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אַפְּתֹ֥ם
Root word revenue
Dictionary form: אַפְּתֹם · ap-peh-TOME

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the revenue
the revenue ×1
More options
revenue — Closest modern equivalent; standard financial term.
income — Broader term; suits general or less formal contexts.
treasury funds — Emphasizes state/royal ownership of collected money.
tax receipts — Highlights collected taxes as the source of revenue.

BDB9335 H674

BDB9334 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9336

אַפְּתֹם or אַפְּתוֺם (so editions: > Gi Baer from MSS, אַפְּתֹס) Ezra 4:13 מַלְכִים ׳וְא תְּהַנְוִק; of uncertain meaning: Thes NaugJBW 1853, 156 in the end (from Pahlavi afdom, Persian end); Scheft79 treasuries (from Zend pathm¹, plural of pathma, treasury, √ path, to fill up), will endamage the treasuries of kings.

[אֶצְבַּע] see צכע. אַרְבַּע see רבע.

revenue
ʾappĕtōm
revenue; others at the last
  • treasury, treasuries
    • "revenue

מַלְכִ֖ים
מַלְכִ֖ים
Root word king, kings, royal
Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: of the kings
the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6
More options
king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.
monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.
ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.
sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.
royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

BDB9661 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9663

מֶ֫לֶךְ178 noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ  ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ  ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M41*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke71.3, of Xerxes]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

king, kings, royal
melek
a king
  • king

תְּהַנְזִֽק
תְּהַנְזִֽק
Root word damage, endamage, hurt, hurtful
Dictionary form: נְזַק · neh-DZAHK

Verb — Haphel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Hiphil not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and so thou shalt endamage
and hurtful ×1 and so thou shalt endamage ×1 damage ×1 to the hurt ×1
More options
damage — Most direct modern equivalent; fits legal and physical contexts.
harm — Broader, natural in narrative or relational settings.
injury — Prefer when bodily or tangible loss is in view.
loss — Suits financial or economic damage contexts well.
harmful — Adjectival use; when the lemma functions as a predicate.
detrimental — Formal register; good for legal or official discourse.

BDB9702 H5142

BDB9701 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9703

[נְזַק] verb suffer injury (ᵑ7 id.; Assyrian nazâ‡u, injure; on combination with Arabic impair, see BaES 51 FräBAS iii. 81); —

Pe`al Participle נָזִ֑ק Dan 6:3. Haph`el injure: Imperfect 3 feminine singular תְּהַנְזִ֑ק (K§ 33, 2) Ezra 4:13 (accusative of person). Participle active f. construct מְהַנְזְקַת מַלְכְין vEzra 4:15 Infinitive construct ׳לְהַנְזָתַ מ vEzra 4:22 (Kib. d); M§ 48 c קֻת-).

damage, endamage, hurt, hurtful
nĕzaq
to suffer (causatively, inflict) loss
  • to suffer injury
    • (P'al) to suffer injury
      • "(Aphel) to injure

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
כְּעַ֗ן Revia — a lesser break יְדִ֙יעַ֙ Pashta — a lesser break לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ Pashta — a lesser break תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה Tipeha — a lesser break יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here מִנְדָּֽה בְל֤וֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ֙ Pashta — a lesser break לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְאַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים Tipeha — a lesser break תְּהַנְזִֽק Silluq — end of the verse

כְּעַן יְדִיעַ לֶֽהֱוֵא לְמַלְכָּא דִּי הֵן קִרְיְתָא דָךְ תִּתְבְּנֵא וְשׁוּרַיָּה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן מִנְדָּֽה-בְלוֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ לָא יִנְתְּנוּן וְאַפְּתֹם מַלְכִים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃
13
Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.
Cross References

Ezra 7:24

וּלְכֹם מְהֽוֹדְעִין דִּי כָל-כָּֽהֲנַיָּא וְלֵֽוָיֵא זַמָּרַיָּא תָרָֽעַיָּא נְתִינַיָּא וּפָלְחֵי בֵּית אֱלָהָא דְנָה מִנְדָּה בְלוֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ לָא שַׁלִּיט לְמִרְמֵא עֲלֵיהֹֽם׃
24
Also we certify you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, singers, porters, Nethinims, or ministers of this house of God, it shall not be lawful to impose toll, tribute, or custom, upon them.

Romans 13:6

διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ φόρους τελεῖτε· λειτουργοὶ γὰρ θεοῦ εἰσιν εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο προσκαρτεροῦντες
6
For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God's ministers, attending continually upon this very thing.

Nehemiah 5:4

וְיֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר אֹֽמְרִים לָוִינוּ כֶסֶף לְמִדַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׂדֹתֵינוּ וּכְרָמֵֽינוּ׃
4
There were also that said, We have borrowed money for the king's tribute, and that upon our lands and vineyards.

Psalms 52:2

הַוּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁב לְשׁוֹנֶךָ כְּתַעַר מְלֻטָּשׁ עֹשֵׂה רְמִיָּֽה׃
2
Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully.

Psalms 119:69

טָפְלוּ עָלַי שֶׁקֶר זֵדִים אֲנִי בְּכָל-לֵב׀ אֱצֹּר פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃
69
The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart.

Matthew 17:25

λέγει Ναί καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν προέφθασεν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων Τί σοι δοκεῖ Σίμων οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσιν τέλη ἢ κῆνσον ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων
25
He saith, Yes. And when he was come into the house, Jesus prevented him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? of whom do the kings of the earth take custom or tribute? of their own children, or of strangers?

Matthew 9:9

Καὶ παράγων ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐκεῖθεν εἶδεν ἄνθρωπον καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον Ματθαῖον λεγόμενον καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ Ἀκολούθει μοι καὶ ἀναστὰς ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ
9
And as passed Jesus forth from thence, he saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom: and he saith unto him, Follow me. And he arose, and followed him.

Ezra 4:20

וּמַלְכִין תַּקִּיפִין הֲווֹ עַל-יְרוּשְׁלֶם וְשַׁלִּיטִין בְּכֹל עֲבַר נַֽהֲרָה וּמִדָּה בְלוֹ וַֽהֲלָךְ מִתְיְהֵב לְהֽוֹן׃
20
There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.
Ezra 4:12
Read Ezra 4
Ezra 4:14