Ezra 4:12

יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהֽוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א (ובאישתא) וּבִֽישְׁתָּא בָּנַ֔יִן (ושורי) וְשׁוּרַיָּא (אשכללו) שַׁכְלִילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ
Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

יְדִ֙יעַ֙
יְדִ֙יעַ֙
Root word known, know, certify, knew, knewest, …
Dictionary form: יְדַע · yeh-DA

Verb — Peil, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state simple passive (Aramaic) — "it was done" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: known
know ×5 known ×4 and make known ×3 make known ×3 thou know ×2 to make known ×2 also we certify ×1 and certified ×1
More options
know — Most direct, general-purpose rendering.
make known — Use when the sense is proclamation or disclosure.
reveal — Emphasizes unveiling hidden or divine information.
inform — Neutral; suits official or formal communication contexts.
certify — Formal/legal register; confirms or attests a fact.
teach — Use when the knowing involves instruction or training.

BDB9571 H3045 H3046

BDB9570 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9572

יְדַע verb know (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳י Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11, 2 masculine singular יְדַ֫עָתָּ Dan 5:22, 1s. יִדְעֵת Dan 4:6 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּנְדַּע (K§ 11, 4. b) β)) Ezra 4:15 +, etc.; Imu. דַּע masculine singular (K§ 11. 3 a)) Dan 6:16 Participle active יָדַע Dan 2:8 +; plural יָָֽדְעִין Dan 5:23, etc.; passive יְדיעַ Dan 4:12 +; — know, with accusative of thing Dan 2:30; Dan 5:22, accusative of thing omitted Ezra 7:25 ׳יָֽדְעֵי דָּתֵי א, vEzra 7:25, יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Dan 2:21 with object clause vDan 2:8 vDan 2:9 vDan 2:22; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:14; Dan 4:23; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:15, so (of God) Dan 4:22 participle active absolute Dan 5:23 having capacity of knowledge; passive in periphrase conjugation, subject clause + ל person Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺדַע Dan 2:15 +, suffix הוֺדְעָךְ vDan 2:29, 2 masculine singular suffix הוֺדַעְתַּ֫נִי vDan 2:23, תֶּ֑נָה- vDan 2:23 1 plural הוֺדַ֫עְנָא Ezra 4:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְהוֺדַע Dan 2:25, suffix יְהוֺדְעִנַּ֑נִי Dan 7:16, etc. (see K§ 43 c)); Infinitive לְהוֺדָעָה Dan 5:8, suffix לְהוֺדָעֻתַ֫נִי Dan 4:15; Dan 5:16, etc.; Participle active plural מְהוֺדְעִין Dan 4:4 +; — cause to know, inform : ל person Ezra 4:14, + accusative of thing Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:25; Dan 2:30; Dan 4:4; Dan 5:8; Dan 5:17, so (sf, person) Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:26; Dan 4:3; Dan 4:15; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 7:16, and (subject God) Dan 2:23 ל person + object clause Ezra 4:16; Ezra 7:24, so (of God) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29; Dan 2:45, and (suffix person) V:23; accusative of person only Ezra 5:10; Ezra 7:25.

known, know, certify, knew, knewest, …
yĕdaʿ
to inform
  • to know
    • (P'al) to know
      • "(Aphel) to let someone know, communicate, inform, cause to know

לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א
לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א
Root word be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
Dictionary form: הָוָא · haw-WAW

Verb — Peal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: be it
i beheld ×6 shall be ×6 be ×5 was ×5 he would ×4 i saw ×4 be it ×2 shall come to pass ×2
More options
be — Default copula; broadest fit for most contexts.
become — Prefer when a change of state is in view.
exist — Emphasizes ongoing or absolute being.
happen — Best for impersonal 'come to pass' constructions.
occur — Slightly more formal alternative to 'happen'.
take place — Idiomatic for events unfolding in narrative.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

BDB9469 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9471

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה71 verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K§ 47, l) b) Dr§ 204 Obs. NöM 215 ff.; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D§ 61, lc) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —
1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.
2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.
3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
hāwāʾ
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words)
  • to come to pass, become, be
    • (P'al)
      • to come to pass
        • "to come into being, arise, become, come to be
        • to let become known (with participle of knowing)
        to be

לְ מַלְכָּ ֔א
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
מַלְכָּ
Root word king, kings, royal
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: unto the king
the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6
More options
king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.
monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.
ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.
sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.
royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

BDB9661 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9663

מֶ֫לֶךְ178 noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ  ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ  ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M41*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke71.3, of Xerxes]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

king, kings, royal
melek
a king
  • king

דִּ֣י
דִּ֣י
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which
that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
dî
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
    • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

יְהֽוּדָיֵ ֗א
יְהֽוּדָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("That the jews")
֗א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: יְהוּדָאִי · yeh-hoo-daw-EE

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: that the jews
of the jews ×4 the jews ×3 jews ×2 that the jews ×1
More options
Jew — Standard, widely recognized term; best default choice.
Jewish person — More explicit; useful when emphasizing individual identity.
Judean — Highlights ethnic-geographic origin; preferred in historical contexts.
member of the Jewish people — Formal; use when community belonging is foregrounded.

BDB9575 H3062 H3064

BDB9574 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9576

[יְהוּדַי] name, of a people Jew (Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדִי); — plural absolute יְהוּדָאִין (K§ 61, 6)) Dan 3:12 emphatic יְהוּדָיֵא (Ib.ib.) vDan 3:8; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:5; Ezra 6:7 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:14.

jews
yĕhûdāʾî
a Jehudaite (or Judaite), i.e., Jew
  • Jew

דִּ֤י
דִּ֤י
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle — Relative

that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
dî
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
    • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

סְלִ֙קוּ֙
סְלִ֙קוּ֙
Root word up, came
Dictionary form: סְלִק · seh-LIK

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: came up
came up ×3 came ×1 there came up ×1
More options
ascend — Broad, formal; good for divine or elevated contexts.
go up — Natural everyday English; most versatile choice.
come up — Modernizes KJV 'came up'; implies movement toward the speaker.
rise — Vivid; suits imagery of something emerging upward.
climb — Physical, concrete; best for literal upward movement.

BDB9737 H5559 H5267

BDB9736 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9738

[סְלֵק] verb come up (Aramaic loan-word in Biblical Hebrew, q. v.); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular סִלְקַת Dan 7:20, תָ֯ (!) vDan 7:28 (K§ 25 b)); 3 masculine plural סְלִ֫קוּ Dan 2:29; Ezra 4:12 Participle feminine plural סָֽלְקָן Dan 7:3 — come up, מִן person Ezra 4:12, מִןיַֿמָּא Dan 7:3 absolute of horn in vision Dan 7:8; Dan 7:20 figurative of thoughts Dan 2:29. Haph`el lift, take up: Perfect 3 masculine plural הַסִּ֫קוּ (as if from נסק; K§ 44 b)) Dan 3:22 Infinitive לְהַנְסָקָה (Kl. e. Str§ 3 h) Dan 6:24 (מִן local), both with ל accusative of person Hoph`al (WCG225) be taken up: Perfect 3 masculine singular הֻסַּק Dan 6:24 (מִן local).

up, came
sĕliq
to ascend
  • to ascend, come up
    • (P'al) to come up
      • "(P'il) to come up

מִן
מִן
Preposition of, from, part, because, after, …
Dictionary form: מִן · min

Preposition

In the KJV here: from
from ×23 of ×19 out of ×8 from me ×3 of thee ×3 thee from ×3 and i ×2 and part ×2
More options
from — Core spatial/temporal origin; broadest default choice.
out of — Emphasizes emergence or separation from a source.
of — Partitive or genitive relationship; less directional than 'from'.
because of — Prefer when מִן expresses cause or reason.
than — Use in comparative constructions.
since — Temporal use; marks a starting point in time.

BDB9670 H4481 H4480

BDB9669 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9671

מִן preposition from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — rarely assimilated, as in Hebrew, see Dan 6:5 מִצַּד, Ezra 5:11; Ezra 6:14 suffix מִנִּי, מִנָּךְ 3 masculine מִנֵּהּ, feminine מִנַּהּ Dan 2:42; Dan 7:24 3 masculine plural מִנְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Tariff ii. a 34; Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic מנהם, CookeNo. 89. 6, S-CPap. A 10) Dan 2:33 (twice in verse); Dan 2:41 (twice in verse); Dan 2:42 (twice in verse) Kt (Qr each time feminine מִנְּהֵן), Dan 6:3 (twice in verse); —

1. of place:
  a. from, Dan 4:10; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:28; Dan 7:4 +, מִן תַּמָּה Ezra 6:6 figurative on the side or part of (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 c) Dan 6:5 מִצַּד מַלְכוּתָא.
  b. out of, Dan 3:15; Dan 3:26; Dan 5:2; Dan 7:3, etc.
  c. (coming) from Dan 2:35, away from, Dan 2:45; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:28; Jer 10:11.
  d. to ask or exact of a person, Dan 2:16; Dan 2:49 +; Ezra 7:26 to deliver from Dan 6:21.
2. a. of the source (Biblical Hebrew 2 b), as to be fed from Dan 4:9 or author (ib. d), מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם = by me is a decree made, Dan 3:29; Dan 4:3 (Dan 6:27 מִןקֳֿדָמַי), Ezra 4:19 +, compare Ezra 5:17 מִנַּי = on my part Dan 2:5; Dan 2:8 (see אַזְדָּא).
  b. of the immediate cause, as a result of, by, Dan 4:22 (= ב v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20), v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21: so with a verb of fearing Dan 5:19.
  c. of the remoter cause, by reason of (Biblical Hebrew 2 f ), Dan 5:19 מִןרְֿבוּתָא, Dan 7:11 so מִןדִּֿי, see דִּי
3. d. of the norm (compare Biblical Hebrew 2 g) = at, according to, Ezra 6:14 ׳מִןטַֿעַם אֱלָהּ יִשׂ at the decree of, etc., Ezra 7:23; Dan 2:8 מִןיַֿצִּיב according to certainty, vDan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט.
3. partitively (Biblical Hebrew 3), Dan 6:3 חַד מִנְּהוֺן, Dan 7:8; Dan 7:16; Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13 (some) of Dan 2:41 מִןנִֿצְבְּתָא; מִנְּהוֺן מִ֗֗֗נְּהוֺן some . . . others of them Dan 2:33; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42a; so vDan 2:42b מִ֗֗֗נַּהּ.
4. of time, from, Dan 2:20 (מִן ֗֗֗ וְעַד), Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 see also אְדַיִן and דַּי
4.
5. in comparisons, different from Dan 7:3; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19; Dan 7:23; Dan 7:24, beyond, more than Dan 2:30; Dan 2:39; Dan 6:30; Dan 7:20 end; Dan 4:13 לִבְבֵהּ מִןאֲֿנָשָׁא יְשַׁנּוֺן let his heart be changed away from man's (Biblical Hebrew 7 b b; Isa 52:14).
6. compounds: — see לְוָת, קֳדָס, [קַדְמָה], תְּחוֺת.

מְנֵא see מנה. below

of, from, part, because, after, …
min
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of
  • from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
    • from, out of (of place)
      • "from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)"from (of time)"beyond, more than (in comparisons)

לְוָתָ ֔ךְ
לְוָתָ
Preposition thee
֔ךְ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: לְוָת · leh-WAWT

Preposition

In the KJV here: thee
thee ×1
More options
with you — Most natural rendering; marks accompaniment or association.
beside you — Emphasizes proximity or close presence.
near you — Spatial nuance; useful when physical closeness is stressed.
at your side — Vivid idiom for companionship or support contexts.

BDB9642 H3890

BDB9641 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9643

לְוָת preposition to, at, beside (derivation uncertain; see K128 n.; perhaps akin to לָוָה, לְוִי, join; ᵑ7 לְוָת, Syriac to), with מִן, Ezra 4:12 the Jews which came up מִןלְֿוָתָח from thee (de chez toi; compare , מִלְּוַת, e.g. Exod 8:8; Exod 9:33 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 = Hebrew מֵעִם).

thee
lĕwāt
properly, adhesion, i.e., (as preposition) with
  • to, at, beside, near, with

עֲלֶ֥י נָא
עֲלֶ֥י
Preposition upon, unto, over, in, against, …
נָא
Suffix — pronoun our / us
Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: to us
upon ×16 over ×9 unto ×8 against ×7 concerning ×5 in ×5 for ×4 to ×4
More options
on — Most versatile default; covers surface and figurative senses.
over — Use for authority, coverage, or position above.
about — Best for topics or subjects of speech or thought.
against — Use for opposition, complaint, or hostile action.
concerning — Formal; suits legal or prophetic discourse on a subject.
regarding — Neutral modern alternative to 'concerning'.

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

BDB9767 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9769

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, CookeNo. 77, A 5, 6, B 8, S-CPap. A 3, B 5 +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm§ 47, 2) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-CA 6 +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-CD 24), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CISii. 226; Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap. F 5, 8+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
  b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
  c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
  d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
  e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often
2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.
3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.
4. expressing direction:
  a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
  b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.
5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb340.

upon, unto, over, in, against, …
ʿal
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
  • upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
    • upon, over, on account of, regarding, concerning, on behalf of
      • "over (with verbs of ruling)"above, beyond (in comparison)"to, against (of direction)

אֲת֖וֹ
אֲת֖וֹ
Root word brought, came, come, bring
Dictionary form: אָתָה · aw-TAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: are come
came ×4 and they brought ×2 they brought ×2 to bring ×2 and come ×1 and they have brought ×1 are come ×1 brought out ×1
More options
come — Most neutral, broadly applicable rendering for arrival.
arrive — Emphasizes reaching a destination; good for narrative prose.
bring — Use when the subject is transporting something or someone.
go — Prefer when motion is away from the speaker's vantage point.
appear — Suits contexts of sudden or formal arrival before someone.
present — Formal register; fits ceremonial or official bringing/coming.

BDB9355 H858 H857

BDB9354 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9356

אֲתָה, אֲתָא verb come (Biblical Hebrew poetry אָתָה; Palmyrene ׳את Haph`el Lab230, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic SchulthLex.); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular אֲתָה Ezra 5:3; Dan 7:22 אָ֯ Ezra 5:16 3 masculine plural אֲתוֺ Ezra 4:12 Imperative masculine plural (וֶ)אֱתוֺ Dan 3:26 Infinitive לְמֵתֵא (K§ 41 c)) vDan 3:2 Participle אָתֵה Dan 7:13 — come, with עַל person Ezra 4:12 (+ location), Ezra 5:3 with ל of thing Dan 3:2 absolute vDan 3:26; Dan 7:13; Dan 7:22 followed by finite verb active Ezra 5:16. Haph`el bring: Perfect 3 masculine singular הַיְתִי, (Kl.c.), Dan 5:13 (accusative of person + מִן local); 3 masculine plural הַיְתִיו, accusative of thing Dan 5:3, so (ל accusative) vDan 5:23 (+ קֳדָס person), Dan 6:17 (ל accusative of person), v.Dan 6:25 (accusative of person); Infinitive לְהַיְתָיָה (so Egyptian Aramaic RES361 C) Dan 3:13 (ל accusative of person), Dan 5:2 (ל accusative of thing). Hephal (passive, Kl.c.) be brought: Perfect 3 feminine singular הֵיתַ֫יִת (K§ 47, Beisp. 6, WCG 225) subject of thing Dan 6:18 3 masculine plural הֵיתַ֫יוּ subject person Dan 3:13 (+ קֳדָם person).

אָת see אוה.

brought, came, come, bring
ʾātâ
to come, to bring
  • to come, arrive
    • (P'al) to come
      • "(Aphel) to bring"(Hophal) to be brought

לִ ירֽוּשְׁלֶ֑ם
לִ
Prefix — preposition to, for
ירֽוּשְׁלֶ֑ם
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Unto jerusalem")
Dictionary form: יְרוּשָׁלֵם · yeh-roo-shaw-LAME

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: unto jerusalem
is at jerusalem ×6 is in jerusalem ×5 jerusalem ×3 and jerusalem ×2 at jerusalem ×2 to jerusalem ×2 was in jerusalem ×2 are at jerusalem ×1
More options
Jerusalem — Standard modern spelling; use in virtually all contexts.
the city of Jerusalem — Use when clarifying Jerusalem as a city for new readers.
the holy city — Thematic substitute when sacred significance is being emphasized.
Zion — Poetic or prophetic contexts where Zion is synonymous.

BDB9593 H3390 H3389

BDB9592 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9594

יְרוּשְׁלֵם25 proper name, of a location Jerusalem (Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם); — Dan 5:2; Dan 5:3; Dan 6:11; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:12 + 20 t. Ezra.

jerusalem
yĕrûšālēm
teaching of peace
Jerusalem
  • the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split

קִרְיְתָ ֨א
קִרְיְתָ
Root word city, cities
֨א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: קִרְיָא · kir-YAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: city
city ×8 in the cities ×1
More options
city — Standard modern rendering; suits most contexts.
town — Use for smaller or less prominent settlements.
urban center — Formal/academic contexts emphasizing civic scale.
settlement — Neutral; good when size or status is ambiguous.

BDB9872 H7149 H7151

BDB9871 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9873

קִרְיָה, אָ֯, noun feminine city (ᵑ7 Syriac; S-CA 9 + קריה; see Biblical Hebrew, √ קרה; also NöBeitr. 62); — absolute הָ֯ Ezra 4:10, אָ֯ vEzra 4:15 emphatic קִרְיְתָא vEzra 4:12 vEzra 4:13 vEzra 4:15 vEzra 4:15 vEzra 4:16 vEzra 4:19 vEzra 4:21

city, cities
qiryāʾ
building; a city
  • city

מָֽרָדְתָּ ֤א
מָֽרָדְתָּ
Root word rebellious
֤א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מָרָד · maw-RAWD

Adjective — feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the rebellious
is a rebellious ×1 the rebellious ×1
More options
rebellious — Direct, neutral adjective; broadest modern usage.
defiant — Emphasizes open, bold resistance to authority.
insubordinate — Formal register; suits legal or political contexts.
mutinous — Strong connotation of organized uprising or revolt.
recalcitrant — Highlights stubborn, persistent refusal to comply.

BDB9679 H4779

BDB9678 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9680

[מָרָד K§ 59 d)] adjective rebellious; — of city, feminine absolute מָרָדָא Ezra 4:15, emphatic מָרָֽדְתָּא (Kib.) vEzra 4:12.

מָרֵה see מָרֵא. above

rebellious
mārād
rebellious
  • rebellious

ו באישת א
ו
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
באישת
Root word bad
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: בִּאוּשׁ · bih-OOSH

Adjective — feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

and the bad ×1
More options
bad — Straightforward modern equivalent; broadly applicable.
poor — Prefer when quality or condition is in view.
worthless — Stronger connotation; implies total lack of value.
rotten — Vivid; suits spoiled or corrupt physical objects.
inferior — Useful in comparative or grading contexts.

BDB9360 H873

BDB9359 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9361

[בִּאישׁ K§ 11, 8b)] adjective bad (so Egyptian Aramaic Cooke75. 2; ᵑ7 בִּישׁ, Syriac ); — feminine singular emphatic וּבִאישְׁתָּא Ezra 4:12 rebellious and bad city (not בִּאוּשְׁתָָּא, see Baern.).

בָּאתַר, בָּתַר see אֲתַר.

bad
biʾûš
wicked
  • evil, bad, be evil

וּ בִֽישְׁתָּ א
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
בִֽישְׁתָּ
Root word bad
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: בִּאוּשׁ · bih-OOSH

Adjective — feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: and the bad
and the bad ×1
More options
bad — Straightforward modern equivalent; broadly applicable.
poor — Prefer when quality or condition is in view.
worthless — Stronger connotation; implies total lack of value.
rotten — Vivid; suits spoiled or corrupt physical objects.
inferior — Useful in comparative or grading contexts.

BDB9360 H873

BDB9359 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9361

[בִּאישׁ K§ 11, 8b)] adjective bad (so Egyptian Aramaic Cooke75. 2; ᵑ7 בִּישׁ, Syriac ); — feminine singular emphatic וּבִאישְׁתָּא Ezra 4:12 rebellious and bad city (not בִּאוּשְׁתָָּא, see Baern.).

בָּאתַר, בָּתַר see אֲתַר.

bad
biʾûš
wicked
  • evil, bad, be evil

בָּנַ֔יִן
בָּנַ֔יִן
Root word builded, build, building, built, make
Dictionary form: בְּנָא · beh-NAW

Verb — Peal, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: building
be builded ×4 builded ×4 to build ×3 you to build ×2 and build ×1 and they builded ×1 build ×1 building ×1
More options
build — Most versatile; fits narrative, legal, and instructional contexts.
construct — More formal; suits architectural or official decrees.
erect — Emphasizes the act of raising a structure upright.
rebuild — Use when context implies restoration of a prior structure.
establish — Captures figurative sense of founding or setting something firm.

BDB9378 H1124 H1129

BDB9377 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9379

[בְּבָה, בְּנָא] verb build (Biblical Hebrew בָּנָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix 3 masculine singular בְּנָ֫הִי Ezra 5:11 1 singular suffix בֶּנַיְתַהּ Dan 4:27 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִבְנוֺן Ezra 6:7 Infinitive לְמִבְנֵא Ezra 5:2 +, לְמִבְבְיָה vEzra 5:9 (read לְמִבְנֵא M§ 64 u or < לְמִבְנֵה, so S-CA 8. 64), לִבְּנֵא (read לְמִבְנֵא Str§ 23 l Ml.c.) vEzra 5:3 vEzra 5:13 Participle active plural בָּנַ֫יִן Ezra 4:12 +; passive בְּנֵה Ezra 5:11 (see on forms K§ 47, Belsp. pass.); — build: with accusative of temple Ezra 5:2; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:9; Ezra 5:11; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:7; Ezra 6:8, so Ezra 5:4 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb); passive of temple vEzra 5:11 with accusative of city Ezra 4:12; Dan 4:27 absolute Ezra 6:14 (twice in verse). Hithpe`el be built: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְבְּנֵא of temple Ezra 5:15; Ezra 6:3 3 feminine singular תִּתְבְּנֵא of city vEzra 6:13 vEzra 6:16 vEzra 6:21 Participle מִתְבְּנֵא of temple Ezra 5:8 (with accusative mater.), vEzra 5:16.

builded, build, building, built, make
bĕnāʾ
to build
  • to build
    • (P'al) to build
      • "(Ithp'il) to be built

ו שורי
ו
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
שורי
Root word walls
Dictionary form: שׁוּר · shoor

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

again and the walls ×1 and the walls ×1 the walls ×1
More options
wall — Most common rendering; broad structural sense.
rampart — Emphasizes defensive fortification context.
city wall — Clarifies urban/defensive setting when context demands.
fortification — Broader term; use when wall is part of a larger defense system.

BDB9943 H7791 H7792

BDB9942 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9944

[שׁוּר] noun masculine wall (compare Biblical Hebrew II. שׁוּר id.; Egyptian Aramaic שור RŠS361 A 5; B 1); — plural emphatic שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, אָ֯ vEzra 4:13 vEzra 4:12 read ׳שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ Qr, for ׳שׁורי אשׁ Kt.

walls
šûr
a wall (as going about)
  • wall

וְ שׁוּרַיָּ א
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
שׁוּרַיָּ
Root word walls
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: שׁוּר · shoor

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the walls
again and the walls ×1 and the walls ×1 the walls ×1
More options
wall — Most common rendering; broad structural sense.
rampart — Emphasizes defensive fortification context.
city wall — Clarifies urban/defensive setting when context demands.
fortification — Broader term; use when wall is part of a larger defense system.

BDB9943 H7791 H7792

BDB9942 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9944

[שׁוּר] noun masculine wall (compare Biblical Hebrew II. שׁוּר id.; Egyptian Aramaic שור RŠS361 A 5; B 1); — plural emphatic שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, אָ֯ vEzra 4:13 vEzra 4:12 read ׳שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ Qr, for ׳שׁורי אשׁ Kt.

walls
šûr
a wall (as going about)
  • wall

אשכללו
אשכללו
Root word up, finished
Dictionary form: כְּלַל · keh-LAHL

Verb — Ishtaphel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural reflexive (Aramaic) — "to bow oneself down" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

and to make up ×2 and finished ×1 and have set up ×1 and set up ×1 set up ×1 thereof set up ×1
More options
complete — Broadest fit; suits finishing a construction project.
finish — Natural modern verb for bringing work to an end.
erect — Prefer when the object is a structure being raised up.
build up — Emphasizes incremental assembly toward completion.
restore — Use when context implies repair or re-establishment.

BDB9611 H3634 H3635

BDB9610 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9612

[כְּלַל] verb complete (see Biblical Hebrew I. [כָּלַל]; but ׳שַׁכ perhaps loan-word from Assyrian šuklulu, ušaklil, uštaklil, DIWB 331, compare שֵׁיוֵב, שֵׁיצֵא and Buhl14); —

Shaph`el of building: Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix שַׁכְלְלֵהּ Ezra 5:11 he finished it; 3 masculine plural שַׁכְלִלוּ Ezra 6:14, also (with accusative of thing) Ezra 4:12 (Kt שׁודי אשׁכללו, read Qr) ׳שׁוּרַיָא שׁ; Infinitive לְהַשְׁכְּלָלָה, accusative of thing Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:9. Ishtaph. be completed, of walls; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:16.

up, finished
kĕlal
to complete
  • to finish, complete
    • (Shaphel) to finish
      • "(Ishtaphel) to be completed

שַׁכְלִילוּ
שַׁכְלִילוּ
Root word up, finished
Dictionary form: כְּלַל · keh-LAHL

Verb — Shaphel, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine plural causative (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Hiphil completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and have set up
and to make up ×2 and finished ×1 and have set up ×1 and set up ×1 set up ×1 thereof set up ×1
More options
complete — Broadest fit; suits finishing a construction project.
finish — Natural modern verb for bringing work to an end.
erect — Prefer when the object is a structure being raised up.
build up — Emphasizes incremental assembly toward completion.
restore — Use when context implies repair or re-establishment.

BDB9611 H3634 H3635

BDB9610 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9612

[כְּלַל] verb complete (see Biblical Hebrew I. [כָּלַל]; but ׳שַׁכ perhaps loan-word from Assyrian šuklulu, ušaklil, uštaklil, DIWB 331, compare שֵׁיוֵב, שֵׁיצֵא and Buhl14); —

Shaph`el of building: Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix שַׁכְלְלֵהּ Ezra 5:11 he finished it; 3 masculine plural שַׁכְלִלוּ Ezra 6:14, also (with accusative of thing) Ezra 4:12 (Kt שׁודי אשׁכללו, read Qr) ׳שׁוּרַיָא שׁ; Infinitive לְהַשְׁכְּלָלָה, accusative of thing Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:9. Ishtaph. be completed, of walls; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְלְלוּן Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:16.

up, finished
kĕlal
to complete
  • to finish, complete
    • (Shaphel) to finish
      • "(Ishtaphel) to be completed

וְ אֻשַּׁיָּ ֖א
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אֻשַּׁיָּ
Root word foundations, foundation
֖א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֹשׁ · ohsh

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the foundations
and let the foundations ×1 the foundation ×1 the foundations ×1
More options
foundation — Most common singular; structural or metaphorical base.
base — Concise; suits architectural or figurative contexts.
underpinning — Emphasizes support structure; good for figurative use.
groundwork — Abstract register; highlights foundational preparation.

BDB9351 H787 H377

BDB9350 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9352

[אשׁ K§ 55, 5 c] noun masculineEzra 6:3 foundation (probably loan-word from Assyrian uššû, id., √ אשׁשׁ (see Biblical Hebrew), so ZimKAT 3. 649; ᵑ7 feminine אוּשָׁא, Late Hebrew אוּשָׁה, Christian- Palestinian Aramaic , , SchulthLex. 19; Arabic : NöM 99); — plural emphatic אֻשַּׁיָּא Ezra 4:12; Ezra 5:16 suffix אֻשֹּׁהִי Ezra 6:3.

foundations, foundation
ʾōš
a foundation
  • foundation

יַחִֽיטוּ
יַחִֽיטוּ
Root word joined
Dictionary form: חוּט · hoot

Verb — Aphel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural causative (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Hiphil not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: thereof and joined
thereof and joined ×1
More options
thread — Most common concrete sense; a single strand.
cord — Slightly thicker than a thread; practical, everyday register.
string — Neutral; suits decorative or musical contexts.
line — Prefer when marking a boundary or measurement.

BDB9514 H2338

BDB9513 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9515

[חוּט or חִיט] verb repair (foundations); —

Hilph. Imperfect 3 masculine plural יַחִ֫יטוּ Ezra 4:12 (si vera lectio [NöGGA. Nö1884, 1018 Str§ 13 b]), rare from for יְהִיטוּן K§§ 16, 5. 26. 1 M§ 63 g. Anm., but perhaps read this, and regard as Qal (original meaning dubious; Arabic is sew, = ᵑ7 חוּט, Syriac , compare Biblical Hebrew חוּט thread; Syriac Pa. Also join together (so here SchulthZAW Schulthxxii (1902). Schulth162 Anm.), compare Arabic conjunxit trabes (de GoejeBibl. Geogr. Arab., Participle iv (1879), Glossary 231: compare Participle viii (1894), Glossary P. xx); FräZAW xix (1899), 180 conjecture pull down and clear away (for rebuilding), compare —aia‰u DlWB 274; JenKB vi. 344 compare Assyrian —â‰u, observe, learn DlWB I. היט), i.e. examine, test; HptGu. Ezra-Neh 62 conjectures √ חטט excauate, compare Arabic secure site by a mark, found a town; StrGr (1905) 40 יְהִיבוּ (after Seybold), compare Ezra 5:16 and others conjecture build wall, denominative, compare Arabic wall (√ guard, surround)).

joined
ḥûṭ
to string together, i.e., (figuratively) to repair
  • (Aphel) to repair, join

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
יְדִ֙יעַ֙ Pashta — a lesser break לֶֽהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break דִּ֣י יְהֽוּדָיֵ֗א Revia — a lesser break דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ Pashta — a lesser break מִן לְוָתָ֔ךְ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ Tipeha — a lesser break לִירֽוּשְׁלֶ֑ם Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א ובאישתא וּבִֽישְׁתָּא בָּנַ֔יִן Zaqef Qatan — a strong break ושורי וְשׁוּרַיָּא אשכללו שַׁכְלִילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א Tipeha — a lesser break יַחִֽיטוּ Silluq — end of the verse

יְדִיעַ לֶֽהֱוֵא לְמַלְכָּא דִּי יְהֽוּדָיֵא דִּי סְלִקוּ מִן-לְוָתָךְ עֲלֶינָא אֲתוֹ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם קִרְיְתָא מָֽרָדְתָּא ‫(ובאישתא)‬ וּבִֽישְׁתָּא בָּנַיִן ‫(ושורי)‬ וְשׁוּרַיָּא ‫(אשכללו)‬ שַׁכְלִילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּא יַחִֽיטוּ׃
12
Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.
Cross References

Ezra 5:3

בֵּהּ-זִמְנָא אֲתָא עֲלֵיהוֹן תַּתְּנַי פַּחַת עֲבַֽר-נַהֲרָה וּשְׁתַר בּֽוֹזְנַי וּכְנָוָֽתְהוֹן וְכֵן אָֽמְרִין לְהֹם מַן-שָׂם לְכֹם טְעֵם בַּיְתָא דְנָה לִבְּנֵא וְאֻשַּׁרְנָא דְנָה לְשַׁכְלָלָֽה׃
3
At the same time came to them Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shethar-boznai, and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this wall?

Ezra 5:9

אֱדַיִן שְׁאֵלְנָא לְשָֽׂבַיָּא אִלֵּךְ כְּנֵמָא אֲמַרְנָא לְּהֹם מַן-שָׂם לְכֹם טְעֵם בַּיְתָא דְנָה לְמִבְנְיָה וְאֻשַּׁרְנָא דְנָה לְשַׁכְלָלָֽה׃
9
Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who commanded you to build this house, and to make up these walls?

2 Chronicles 36:13

וְגַם בַּמֶּלֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מָרָד אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁבִּיעוֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִים וַיֶּקֶשׁ אֶת-עָרְפּוֹ וַיְאַמֵּץ אֶת-לְבָבוֹ מִשּׁוּב אֶל-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
13
And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.

Isaiah 1:21

אֵיכָה הָיְתָה לְזוֹנָה קִרְיָה נֶאֱמָנָה מְלֵאֲתִי מִשְׁפָּט צֶדֶק יָלִין בָּהּ וְעַתָּה מְרַצְּחִֽים׃
21
How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

Ezekiel 17:12

אֱמָר-נָא לְבֵית הַמֶּרִי הֲלֹא יְדַעְתֶּם מָה-אֵלֶּה אֱמֹר הִנֵּה-בָא מֶֽלֶךְ-בָּבֶל יְרוּשָׁלִַם וַיִּקַּח אֶת-מַלְכָּהּ וְאֶת-שָׂרֶיהָ וַיָּבֵא אוֹתָם אֵלָיו בָּבֶֽלָה׃
12
Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon;

Acts 24:5

εὑρόντες γὰρ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον λοιμὸν καὶ κινοῦντα στάσιν πᾶσιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην πρωτοστάτην τε τῆς τῶν Ναζωραίων αἱρέσεως
5
For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the of sect the Nazarenes:

Ezra 4:19

וּמִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם וּבַקַּרוּ וְהַשְׁכַּחוּ דִּי קִרְיְתָא דָךְ מִן-יוֹמָת עָֽלְמָא עַל-מַלְכִין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָה וּמְרַד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר מִתְעֲבֶד-בַּֽהּ׃
19
And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.

1 Peter 2:13

Ὑποτάγητε οὖν πάσῃ ἀνθρωπίνῃ κτίσει διὰ τὸν κύριον εἴτε βασιλεῖ ὡς ὑπερέχοντι
13
Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;

Jeremiah 52:3

כִּי׀ עַל-אַף יְהוָה הָֽיְתָה בִּירוּשָׁלִַם וִֽיהוּדָה עַד-הִשְׁלִיכוֹ אוֹתָם מֵעַל פָּנָיו וַיִּמְרֹד צִדְקִיָּהוּ בְּמֶלֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃
3
For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

1 Thessalonians 5:22

ἀπὸ παντὸς εἴδους πονηροῦ ἀπέχεσθε
22
Abstain from all appearance of evil.

Luke 23:2

ἤρξαντο δὲ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ λέγοντες Τοῦτον εὕρομεν διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος καὶ κωλύοντα Καίσαρι φόρους διδόναι λέγοντα ἑαυτὸν Χριστὸν βασιλέα εἶναι
2
And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.

Psalms 48:1

גָּדוֹל יְהוָה וּמְהֻלָּל מְאֹד בְּעִיר אֱלֹהֵינוּ הַר-קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃
1
Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in the mountain of his holiness.

Ezra 4:15

דִּי יְבַקַּר בִּֽסְפַר-דָּכְרָנַיָּא דִּי אֲבָֽהָתָךְ וּתְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַר דָּכְרָֽנַיָּא וְתִנְדַּע דִּי קִרְיְתָא דָךְ קִרְיָא מָֽרָדָא וּֽמְהַנְזְקַת מַלְכִין וּמְדִנָן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר עָֽבְדִין בְּגַוַּהּ מִן-יוֹמָת עָֽלְמָא עַל-דְּנָה קִרְיְתָא דָךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת׃
15
That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed.

2 Kings 18:20

אָמַרְתָּ אַךְ-דְּבַר-שְׂפָתַיִם עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה לַמִּלְחָמָה עַתָּה עַל-מִי בָטַחְתָּ כִּי מָרַדְתָּ בִּֽי׃
20
Thou sayest, (but they are but vain words,) I have counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me?

Luke 13:34

Ἰερουσαλὴμ Ἰερουσαλήμ ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν ποσάκις ἠθέλησα ἐπισυνάξαι τὰ τέκνα σου ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις τὴν ἑαυτῆς νοσσιὰν ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε
34
O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered together, thy children as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would not!

2 Kings 24:1

בְּיָמָיו עָלָה נְבֻֽכַדְנֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל וַיְהִי-לוֹ יְהֽוֹיָקִים עֶבֶד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד-בּֽוֹ׃
1
In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years: then he turned and rebelled against him.

Daniel 9:25

וְתֵדַע וְתַשְׂכֵּל מִן-מֹצָא דָבָר לְהָשִׁיב וְלִבְנוֹת יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם עַד-מָשִׁיחַ נָגִיד שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעָה וְשָׁבֻעִים שִׁשִּׁים וּשְׁנַיִם תָּשׁוּב וְנִבְנְתָה רְחוֹב וְחָרוּץ וּבְצוֹק הָעִתִּֽים׃
25
Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.

Nehemiah 1:3

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ לִי הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִים אֲשֶֽׁר-נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן-הַשְּׁבִי שָׁם בַּמְּדִינָה בְּרָעָה גְדֹלָה וּבְחֶרְפָּה וְחוֹמַת יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם מְפֹרָצֶת וּשְׁעָרֶיהָ נִצְּתוּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃
3
And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.
Ezra 4:11
Read Ezra 4
Ezra 4:13