Genesis 9:20

וַיָּ֥חֶל נֹ֖חַ אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וַיִּטַּ֖ע כָּֽרֶם
And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ יָּ֥חֶל
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יָּ֥חֶל
Root word began, profane, profaned, polluted, begin, …
Dictionary form: חָלַל · haw-LAHL

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and began
began ×19 begin ×4 profane ×4 and began ×3 be polluted ×3 he began ×3 and have profaned ×2 break ×2
More options
begin — Core meaning; use for temporal/sequential start of action.
desecrate — Stronger than 'profane'; ideal for sacred-space violations.
profane — Modernized KJV; good for treating holy things as common.
pollute — Emphasizes contamination of what is holy or pure.
defile — Ritual or moral corruption; fits purity-law contexts.
violate — Useful when a covenant, oath, or boundary is broken.

BDB2777 H2490

BDB2776 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2778

I. חָלַל verb bore, pierce (Arabic perforate, pierce through, transfix, Ethiopic (hollow) read; Aramaic חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; adjective hollow, cave, sheath, etc.; Late Hebrew in derivatives חָלָל noun hollow, adjective slain, חָלִיל pipe); —

Qal Perfect לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Ps 109:22 (? literally one has pierced my heart; or read Pu`al חֻלַּל ?); Infinitive construct חַלּוֺתִי הִיא Ps 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound (my woe, my cross; so Ew Hi De Bae MV SS Köi. 341, but Hup Pe Bi Che read חֲלוֺתִי my sickness). Pi`el Participle plural (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ezek 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co read מְחוֺלְלֶ֑ךָ). Pu`al Participle מְחֻלֲלֵי חֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ezek 32:26. Po`el Perfect 3 feminine singular חֹלֲלָה יָדוֺ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Job 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; Participle feminine מְחוֺלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Isa 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Po`al Participle מֲחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Isa 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of ׳י, || מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ).

BDB2782 H2490

BDB2781 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2783

II. [חלל] verb denominative play the pipe, pipe —

Qal Participle plural וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Ps 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, compare AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae and others Polel Participle from 1. חוּל dancers. Pi`el Participle וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים 1Kgs 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (compare Assyrian —âlalu, according to D1 in ZimBP 117).

BDB2784 H2490

BDB2783 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2785

III. [חָלַל] verb pollute, defile, profane; Hiph`il also begin (literally untie, loosen, open, see Arabic) (Arabic untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; IV. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; Late Hebrew חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi`el Hiph`il transitive), compare Aramaic חֲלַל Pa`el is purify, Aph`el is profane) —

Niph`al Perfect נִחָ֑ל Ezek 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (תִּי- Co) Ezek 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ezek 7:24 Imperfect יֵחָ֑ל Isa 48:11, תֵּחֵל Lev 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ezek 22:26 Infinitive הֵחֵל Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22, suffix לְהֵחַלּוֺ Lev 21:4. —
1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself
  a. ritually, by contact with dead || טמא, Lev 21:4 (H).
  b. sexually || זנה Lev 21:9 (H).
2. Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ezek 7:24; Ezek 25:3, name of God Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Isa 48:11 and even God himself Ezek 22:16; Ezek 22:26. Pi`el Perfect חִלֵּל Lev 19:8 + 3 t.; suffix חִלִּלוֺ Deut 20:6 2 masculine singular חִלַּלְתָּ Gen 49:4 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular חִלָּ֑֔לְתְּ Ezek 22:8 3 plural suffix חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ezek 7:21 etc., + 16 t. Perfect; Imperfect יְחַלֵּל Lev 21:12; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23 suffix יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Deut 20:6 plural יְחַלְּלוּ Lev 21:6 + 4 t., יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ Ps 89:32 etc., + 13 t. Imperfect; Infinitive חַלֵּל Amos 2:7 + 4 t.; חַלְּלוֺ Ezek 23:39 + 4 t.; חַלְּלָם Jer 16:18 Participle מְחַלֵּל Ezek 24:21 plural מְחַלְּלִים Mal 1:12; Neh 13:17 suffix מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Exod 31:14 feminine מְחַלֶּלֶת Lev 21:9 —
1. defile, pollute:
  a. sexually, Gen 49:4 (poem) = 1Chr 5:1 (the father's bed); a woman = זנה Lev 19:29; Lev 21:9 (H); זַרְעוֺ Lev 21:15 (H).
  b. ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Exod 20:25 (JE); sacred places Lev 21:12; Lev 21:23 (H), Ezek 7:21; Ezek 7:22 (twice in verse); Ezek 23:39; Ezek 24:21; Ezek 44:7; Zeph 3:4; Mal 2:11; Ps 74:7; Dan 11:31 the holy land Jer 16:18 sacred things Lev 19:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:15 (H) Num 18:32 (P) Ezek 22:26 the sabbath Exod 31:14 (P), Isa 56:2; Isa 56:6; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:21; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 22:8; Ezek 23:38; Neh 13:17; Neh 13:18 and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ezek 28:7; Ezek 28:16; Ezek 28:18.
  c. the name of God Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 20:3; Lev 21:6; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:32 (all H), Amos 2:7; Jer 34:16; Ezek 20:39; Ezek 36:20; Ezek 36:21; Ezek 36:22; Ezek 36:23; Mal 1:12, God himself Ezek 13:19.
  d. ׳י defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Isa 47:6 the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Isa 43:28.
2. violate the honour of, dishonour, ׳י subject crown of Davidic kingdom Ps 89:40 (followed by לארץ pregnantly), kingdom of Judah Lam 2:2 the גאון בל צבי Isa 23:9.
3. violate a covenant Ps 55:21; Ps 89:35; Mal 2:10, the חקות of God Ps 89:32.
4. treat a vineyard as common (see חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Deut 20:6 (twice in verse); Deut 28:30; Jer 31:5 (see the law Lev 19:23-25, H). Pu`al Participle בַּגּוֺיִם שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֺל הַמְֿחֻלָּל Ezek 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations.
Hiph`il 1. a. Imperfect אֶתשֶֿׁםקָֿדְשִׁי עוֺד לֹא אַחֵל Ezek 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more.
  b. לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֺ he shall not violate his word Num 30:3 (P).
2. begin, Perfect הֵחֵל Gen 6:1 + 15 t., הֵ֫חֵלָּה Judg 20:40, הַחִלּוֺתָ Deut 3:24; Esth 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Deut 2:31; 1Sam 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezra 3:6 + 6 t.; Imperfect יָחֵל Judg 10:18; Judg 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Gen 9:20 + 5 t., 3 feminine singular וַ֫תָּחֶל Judg 13:25; Judg 16:19, 2 masculine singular תָּחֵל Deut 16:9, אָחֵל Deut 2:25; Josh 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Judg 20:31 + 3 t., וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Gen 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ezek 9:6 Imperative הָחֵל Deut 2:24; Deut 2:31 Infinitive construct הָחֵל 1Sam 3:12 + 2 t.; suffix הַחִלָּם Gen 11:6 Participle מֵחַל Jer 25:29 — begin, Num 17:11; Num 17:12 (P) Deut 16:9; 2Chr 29:27 (twice in verse); so 2Sam 24:15 ᵐ5 We Dr (ᵐ5 inserts וְהַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם before וַיָּ֫מָת); with Infinitive (ל) begin to Gen 41:54 (E), Gen 6:1; Gen 10:8 = 1Chr 1:10; Gen 11:6; Num 25:1 (all J), Deut 2:25; Deut 2:31; Deut 3:24; Deut 16:9; Josh 3:7 (D), Judg 10:18; Judg 13:5; Judg 13:25; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:22; Judg 20:31; Judg 20:39; Judg 20:40; 1Sam 3:2; 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 22:15; 2Kgs 10:32; 2Kgs 15:37; 1Chr 27:24; 2Chr 3:1; 2Chr 3:2; 2Chr 29:17; 2Chr 31:7; 2Chr 31:10; 2Chr 31:21; 2Chr 34:3 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:6; Neh 4:1; Esth 6:13; Esth 9:23; Jer 25:29; Jonah 3:4 with ו consecutive Gen 9:20 (J), Ezra 3:8.; with בְּ begin with Gen 44:12 (J), Ezek 9:6; 2Chr 20:22 so 2Sam 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ ᵐ5L We Dr.; with מן begin from Ezek 9:6 הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Deut 2:24; Deut 2:31 הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1Sam 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing my full purpose, see Dr). Hoph`al Perfect ׳אָז הוּחַל לִקְראֹ בְּשֵׁם י then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of ׳י Gen 4:26 (J).

Note. — וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Hos 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi and others; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל) — for omission of daghesh see also וְיָחֵלוּ of Babylonian Manuscript — shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ew וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; ᵐ5 וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Che We, this probably best.

began, profane, profaned, polluted, begin, …
ḥālal
properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)
  • to profane, defile, pollute, desecrate, begin
    • (Niphal)
      • to profane oneself, defile oneself, pollute oneself
        • ritually
          • "sexually
        to be polluted, be defiled
      (Piel)
      • to profane, make common, defile, pollute
        • "to violate the honor of, dishonor"to violate (a covenant)"to treat as common
      (Pual) to profane (name of God)"(Hiphil)
      • to let be profaned
        • "to begin
      (Hophal) to be begun
    to wound (fatally), bore through, pierce, bore
    • (Qal) to pierce
      • "(Pual) to be slain"(Poel) to wound, pierce"(Poal) to be wounded
    (Piel) to play the flute or pipe

נֹ֖חַ
נֹ֖חַ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Noah")
Dictionary form: נֹחַ · NOH-ah

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: noah
noah ×28 of noah ×6 and noah ×5 unto noah ×2 and noahs ×1 but noah ×1 of noahs ×1 so noah ×1
More options
Noah — Standard modern spelling; use in nearly all contexts.
Noach — Closer to Hebrew pronunciation; preferred in academic or Jewish contexts.
Noah (Rest) — Gloss-with-meaning; useful when punning on the name's etymology.

BDB5052 H5146

BDB5051 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5053

נֹחַ46 proper name, masculine Noah (Nabataean proper name נוח Lzb322, Syriac proper name MeissnVOJ viii, (1894), 303 near the end (No. 116)); — Gen 5:29 (where traditional etymology), + 40 t. Gen 5-10 (not in E D); 1Chr 1:4 נֹחַ דָּנִאֵל וְאִיּוֺב Ezek 14:14; Ezek 14:20 מֵי נֹחַ = flood Isa 54:9 (twice in verse); ᵐ5 Νωε. — On history of interpretion of name see GoldziherZMG xxiv. (1870), 207 ff.

noah, noahs
nōaḥ
rest
Noach, the patriarch of the flood
  • son of Lamech, father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth; builder of the ark which saved his family from the destruction of the world which God sent on the world by the flood; became the new seminal head of the human race because his family were the only survivors of the flood

אִ֣ישׁ
אִ֣ישׁ
Root word men, man, certain, one, mans, …
Dictionary form: אֱנוֹשׁ · eh-NOHSH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: to be an husbandman
men ×54 the men ×31 and the men ×12 of the men ×9 man ×8 of men ×5 a man ×4 and his men ×4
More options
person — Neutral, inclusive; good default for generic human reference.
human being — Emphasizes shared humanity; suits philosophical or theological contexts.
mortal — Highlights human frailty and finitude; fits poetic or lament passages.
people — Use for plural collective sense; stresses community over individuality.
individual — Useful when singling out one member of a group.
someone — Informal; best for indefinite or unspecified reference.

BDB609 H582

BDB608 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB610

אֱנוֺשׁ noun masculineJob 15:14 man, mankind, mostly in poetry (18 t. Job, 13 t. Psalms, etc.) (Arabic (collective), Aramaic אֱנָשׁ, (collective), Nabataean אנוש Palmyrene אנש Sabean אנס DHMZMG 1883, 330, also Arabic Assyrian nišu, people, & compare tenišêtu, humanity, human race, see COTGloss sub אנשׁ & נשׁ & HptKAT 2.497) — absolute Isa 8:1 +; construct Jer 20:10 —

1. of individ. Job 5:17; Job 13:9; Ps 55:14, compare Isa 13:12 (|| אָדָם) Isa 56:2 (|| בֶּןאֿדם; Jer 20:10 שְׁלֹמִי ׳א man of my peace, i.e. my friend.
2. coll. men Isa 24:6; Isa 33:8; Isa 51:7; Ps 66:12 = men in general; ordinary men Ps 73:5 compare ׳חֶרֶט א i.e. a common stylus Isa 8:1 (see אַמַּת אִישׁ Deut 3:11).
3. man, mankind Deut 32:26; Job 7:1; Job 14:19; Job 28:4; Job 28:13; Job 32:8; Job 33:26; Job 36:25 (|| אָדָם & אֲנָשִׁים vJob 36:24) Ps 56:2 especially opposed to God Job 4:17 (|| גֶּכֶר) Job 7:17; Job 9:2; Job 10:4; Job 10:5; Job 15:14; Job 25:4; Job 33:12; 2Chr 14:10; Ps 8:5 (|| בֶּןאָֿדָם so Isa 51:12; Ps 9:20; Ps 9:21, Ps 90:3 (|| בְּנֵיאָֿדָ; Ps 103:15 ׳בֶּןאֿ Ps 144:3 (|| אָדָם; compare רִמָּה וּבֶןאָֿדָם ׳כִּיאֿ תּוֺלֵעָה Job 25:6 מִןהָֿאָרֶץ ׳א Ps 10:18 ׳כָּללְֿבַב א Isa 13:7 compare Ps 104:15 (twice in verse).

BDB9319 H582

BDB9318 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9320

I. אנשׁ (√ of following; compare Biblical Hebrew II. אנשׁ, אֱנוֺשׁ).

men, man, certain, one, mans, …
ʾĕnôš
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified H0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
  • man, mortal man, person, mankind
    • of an individual
      • "men (collective)"man, mankind

הָֽ אֲדָמָה
הָֽ
Prefix — article the
אֲדָמָה
Root word land, earth, ground, lands, husbandry, …
Dictionary form: אֲדָמָה · uh-daw-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

the land ×52 of the earth ×24 the ground ×22 the earth ×18 their land ×10 their own land ×9 land ×8 of thy land ×8
More options
ground — Best for soil/surface underfoot; earthy, physical sense.
soil — Ideal for agricultural or cultivation contexts.
land — Good for territory or region belonging to someone.
earth — Broader cosmic or material sense; pairs well with 'sky'.
farmland — Use when husbandry or crop-growing is explicit.
terrain — Neutral option when geography or landscape is stressed.

BDB109 H127 H128

BDB108 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB110

אֲדָמָה224 noun feminine ground, land (as tilled, German bebaut ? DlPr 105, but Fleisch. (MerxArchiv 1, 236 f) compare Arabic , skin, as smoothly covering & close-fitting; √ דם compare Arabic smear (spread over surface); compare also NöZMG 1886, 737) — ׳א Gen 1:25 +; construct אַדְמַת Gen 47:20 +; suffix אַדְמָתִי Job 31:38 + 2 t. etc.; plural אֲדָמוֺת Ps 49:12 —

1. ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance) Gen 2:5; Gen 2:9; Gen 3:17; Gen 3:23; Gen 4:2; Gen 4:3; Gen 4:12; Gen 5:29; Gen 8:21; Gen 19:25; Gen 47:23; Exod 34:26 (all J); Exod 23:19 (E) Deut 7:13; Deut 11:17; Deut 26:2; Deut 26:10; Deut 26:15; Deut 28:4; Deut 28:11; Deut 28:18; Deut 28:33; Deut 28:42; Deut 28:51; Deut 30:9; 2Sam 9:10; Isa 1:7; Isa 28:24; Isa 30:23 (twice in verse); Isa 30:24; Jer 7:20; Jer 14:4; Jer 25:33; Hag 1:11; Mal 3:11; Ps 83:11; Ps 105:35; Prov 12:11; Prov 28:19; 1Chr 27:26; Neh 10:36; Neh 10:38 compare figurative Job 5:6 (|| עפר); personified Job 31:38; Joel 1:10 also ׳אִישׁ הָא Gen 9:20 (J) tiller, husbandman; meton. ׳אֹהֵב א 2Chr 26:10 i.e. lover of husbandry (or do these point to earlier meaning tillage ? compare DlPr 105) ׳אִישׁ עֹבֵד א Zech 13:5.
2. piece of ground, landed property Gen 47:18; Gen 47:19 (3 t. in verse); Gen 47:20; Gen 47:22 (twice in verse); Gen 47:23; Gen 47:26 (all J) Ps 49:12 (plural)
3. earth as material substance; of which man is made Gen 2:7 (׳עָפָד מִןהָֿא); so animals vGen 2:19 (׳מִןהָֿא); altar Exod 20:24 earthen vessels ׳חַרְשֵׂי א Isa 45:9 on head, sign of woe 1Sam 4:12; 2Sam 1:2; 2Sam 15:32 of contrition Neh 9:1 (compare אֵפֶר, עָפָר; ׳מַעֲבֵה הָא 1Kgs 7:46 compare 2Chr 4:17 (firmness of earth, firm earth, clay-ground, for casting-moulds; or clay-moulds (Berthau) ? or is this n.pr. ? Klo proposes בַּמְּעָרָה הָאֲדֻמָּה in the red cave); mule-loads of 2Kgs 5:17 in it lie the dead מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַתעָֿפָר Dan 12:2 compare Gen 3:19; Gen 3:23; Ps 146:4.
4. ground as earth's visible surface; ׳רֶמֶס הָא Gen 1:25; Gen 6:20 (both P) Hos 2:20 compare Gen 7:8; Gen 9:2 (J ?) Lev 20:25 (P) Deut 4:18; Ezek 38:20 also Gen 4:10 (J) Isa 24:21; Amos 3:5; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3 as wet with dew 2Sam 17:12 rain 1Kgs 17:14; 1Kgs 18:1 compare personified אֶתפִּֿיהָ ׳פָּֽצְתָה הָא Num 16:30 (P) (|| ארץ vNum 16:32), see vNum 16:31 of particular place, spot קֹדֶשׁ ׳א Exod 3:5 especially as abode of man Gen 4:11; Exod 10:6; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40; Deut 12:1; 1Sam 20:31; 2Sam 14:7 often ׳פְּנֵי הָא Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:1; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 7:23; Gen 8:8; Gen 8:13; Exod 32:12; Exod 33:16; Num 12:3; Deut 6:15; Deut 7:6 (all J, D) 1Sam 20:15 + 9 t.
5. land, territory, country (= ארץ) Gen 47:19 (J) Lev 20:24 (J ? — || ארץ) construct before proper name מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 47:20; Gen 47:26 יְהוּדָה ׳א Isa 19:17 יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳א Ezek 11:17 + 16 t. Ezekiel; especially of land as promised or given by ׳י to his people = Canaan Gen 28:15; Exod 20:12; Num 11:12; Num 32:11 (all J ?) Deut 5:16 + 16 t. Deuteronomy, Joshua; 1Kgs 8:34; 1Kgs 8:40 +; Jer 16:15; Jer 24:10; Jer 25:5; Jer 35:15; Ezek 28:25; 2Chr 6:25; 2Chr 6:31; 2Chr 7:20; 2Chr 33:8 compare also Deut 12:19; Deut 21:23; Deut 29:27; 2Kgs 17:23; Isa 6:11; Isa 7:16; Isa 14:1 +, Ezek 34:13; Ezek 34:27 +, Neh 9:25 (שְׁמֵנָה ׳א), — in all with 41 t.; + Joel 2:21 (personified); הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳א Zech 2:16 (compare below 4 above); hence also as Yahweh's land Deut 32:43; Isa 14:2; Zech 9:16; 2Chr 7:20.
6. whole earth, inhabited earth (seldom; compare also ׳פְּנֵי הָא below 4 above) Gen 12:3; Gen 28:14 (both J compare אֶרֶץ Gen 18:18; Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4) Deut 14:2; Amos 3:2; Isa 24:21.
7. proper name, of a location city in Naphtali (as built compare אָדָם 4 ? = ed-Dâme ?) west of L. Gennes. Josh 19:36 see Di.

land, earth, ground, lands, husbandry, …
ʾădāmâ
soil (from its general redness)
  • ground, land
    • ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
      • "piece of ground, a specific plot of land"earth substance (for building or constructing)"ground as earth's visible surface"land, territory, country"whole inhabited earth"city in Naphtali

וַ יִּטַּ֖ע
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יִּטַּ֖ע
Root word plant, planted, plantedst, planteth, planters, …
Dictionary form: נָטַע · naw-TA

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and he planted
and i will plant ×4 and plant ×4 and to plant ×3 hath planted ×3 plant ×3 them and they shall plant ×3 and will plant ×2 in them and plant ×2
More options
plant — Direct, modern equivalent; broadest contextual fit.
cultivate — Emphasizes ongoing care after putting in the ground.
establish — Useful for figurative planting of nations or peoples.
set in the ground — Concrete, literal action; clarifies physical planting.
put down roots — Idiomatic; suits metaphorical or settlement contexts.
fasten — Rare sense; use when text stresses fixing firmly in place.

BDB5163 H5193

BDB5162 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5164

נָעַץ verb plant (Late Hebrew id., and derivatives; compare Sabean נטעת pavilion [? as planted, established] DHMZMG xxxvii.(1883), 337, 349): —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular Num 24:6 +, 2 masculine singular נָטָ֑עֵתָּ Deut 6:11, suffix 3 masculine plural נְטַעְתָּם Jer 12:2 1 singular נָטַ֫עְתִּי Jer 45:4 + 2 t., וְנָטַעְתִּ֫י Jer 42:10; Eccl 2:5, suffix נְטַעְתִּיךְ Jer 2:21, וּנְטַעְתִּיו consecutive 2Sam 7:10 = וּנְטַעְתִּיהוּ 1Chr 17:9, וּנְטַעְתִּים consecutive Amos 9:15 + 2 t., etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִטַּע Dan 11:45, וַיִּטַּע Gen 2:8 + 2 t., suffix וַיִּטָּעֵ֫הוּ Isa 5:2 2 masculine singular תִּטַּע Deut 16:21 + 2 t., suffix 3 feminine singular וַתִּטָּעֶ֑הָ Ps 80:9 suffix 3 masculine plural וַתִּטָּעֵ֫מוֺ Exod 15:17, וַתְּטָּעֵם Ps 44:3, etc.; Imperative נִטְעוּ Jer 29:5 + 3 t.; Infinitive לִנְטֹעַ Isa 51:16; Jer 18:9, לִנְטוֺעַ Jer 1:10; Jer 31:28, לָטַעַת Eccl 3:2 Participle active נוֺטֵעַ Jer 11:17, נֹטַע Ps 94:9 (shewing originally a according to LagBN 84); plural נֹטְעִים Jer 31:5 passive נָטוּעַ Eccl 3:2, plural נְטוּעִים Eccl 12:11 —
1. plant, with accusative of tree or vine Num 24:6 (J E; subject ׳י), Gen 21:33 (J), Lev 19:23 (H), Isa 44:14; Ps 106:16 (subject ׳י), Eccl 2:5 also (figurative of people) Jer 2:21; Jer 11:17; Ps 80:9; Ps 80:16 with accusative of vineyard Gen 9:20 (J), Amos 5:11; Amos 9:14; 2Kgs 19:29 = Isa 37:30; Zeph 1:13; Deut 20:6; Deut 28:30; Deut 28:39; Jer 31:5 (3 t. in verse); Jer 35:7; Ezek 28:26; Isa 65:21; Prov 31:16; Ps 107:37; Eccl 2:4 olive trees and vineyards Deut 6:11; Josh 24:13 (D); garden Gen 2:8 (׳י), Jer 29:5; Jer 29:28 so with accusative אֲשֵׁרַָה כָּלעֵֿץ Deut 16:21 נִטְעֵי ׳נ נַעֲמָנִים Isa 17:10 (figurative of idolatry); absolute (literally) Isa 65:22; Eccl 3:2 (twice in verse) (opposed to עָקַר); with 2 accusative Isa 5:2 (plant vineyard with wine).
2. plant, figurative = establish, usually of establishing people, with accusative 2Sam 17:10 = 1Chr 17:9; Amos 9:15 (opposed to נָתַשׁ), Ezek 36:36; Exod 15:17 (song), especially Jer 24:6; Jer 32:41 (ב location), Jer 42:10 (opposed to נָתַשׁ), Jer 45:10 (opposed to id.), Ps 44:3 (all of establishing Israel); of establishing wicked Jer 12:2 absolute of establishing people Jer 1:10; Jer 18:9; Jer 31:28 more literally, establish heavens Isa 51:16 (|| לִיסֹד אֶרֶץ); plant i.e. fix (late use) tents Dan 11:45 מַשְׂמְרוֺת נְטוּעִים Eccl 12:11 nails planted, i.e. fixed in; even אֹזֶן ׳נ Ps 94:9 he that, planted, the ear. Niph`al Perfect 3 plural נִטָּ֑עוּ Isa 40:24 be planted, figurative, = be established.

BDB6331 H6131 H5193

BDB6330 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6332

[עָקַר] verb denominative pluck or root up —

Qal Infinitive construct לַעֲקוֺר with accusative Eccl 3:2 (opposed to נָטַע). Niph`al Imperfect 3 feminine singular עֶקְרוֺן תֵּעָקֵר Zeph 2:4 (word-play).

plant, planted, plantedst, planteth, planters, …
nāṭaʿ
properly, to strike in, i.e., fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
  • to plant, fasten, fix, establish
    • (Qal)
      • to plant
        • "to plant, establish (figuratively)
      (Niphal)
      • to be planted
        • "to be established (figuratively)

כָּֽרֶם
כָּֽרֶם
Root word a name — transliterate it ("A vineyard")
Dictionary form: כֶּרֶם · keh-REM

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a vineyard
vineyards ×13 and vineyards ×8 a vineyard ×7 the vineyard ×7 thy vineyard ×6 the vineyards ×5 vineyard ×4 my vineyard ×3
More options
vineyard — Standard modern rendering; suits most narrative contexts.
vine-garden — Highlights cultivated, garden-like character of the plot.
winery — Emphasizes production purpose; good for commercial contexts.
grape plantation — Clarifies agricultural scale; useful in descriptive passages.

BDB4196 H3754

BDB4195 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4197

כֶּרֶם92 noun masculineDeut 28:30 (feminineIsa 27:2) vineyard (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic כַּרְמָא Zinjirli כרם DHMSendsch.58; Arabic , vine; Ethiopic vine; JenZA vii. (1892), 217 compare Assyrian Karânu, vine; — etymology dubious; Thes and others compare Arabic noble, generous, fertile, but precarious); — absolute ׳כ Exod 22:4 +, כָּ֑רֶם Gen 9:20 +; construct כֶּרֶם 1Kgs 21:7 +; suffix כַּרְמִי Isa 5:3 +, כַּרְמְךָ Exod 23:11 +, etc.; plural כְּרָמִים Josh 24:13 +; construct כַּרְמֵי Amos 5:1 + 2 t.; suffix כְּרָמֵנוּ Neh 5:3 + 3 t.; כַרְמֵיכֶם Amos 4:9 + 2 t., etc., — vineyard Gen 9:20 (J), 1Kgs 21:1 + 9 t. 1Kgs 21; Song 2:15 (twice in verse) +; so even Judg 15:5 (where read וזית ׳כָ compare GFM, who however doubts genuineness); + זַּיִת Exod 23:11 (E) and often (V. זית); + שָׂדֶה Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 (E), and often; figurative of Israel under ׳י's. care Isa 5:1ff., compare Isa 3:14; Jer 12:10 figurative of Shulamite's complexion Song 1:6, of her heart Song 8:12. — Vbs. governing ׳כ are: — נָטַע Gen 9:20; Amos 5:11 + 16 t., compare ׳מַטָּעֵי כ Mic 1:6 זָרַע Deut 22:9 (c. 2 accusative); חִלֵּל = begin to use fruit of, Deut 20:6 (twice in verse); Deut 28:30; Jer 31:5 זָמַר prune, Lev 25:3; Lev 25:4 בָּצַר gather, harvest (literally cut off, i.e. grapes, Lev 25:5; Lev 25:11), Deut 24:21; Judg 9:27, compare לִקֵּשׁ Job 24:6 עוֺלֵל glean, Lev 19:10; Deut 24:21 אָכַל Josh 24:13 (usually 'eat fruit of' Isa 65:21, etc.); locusts devour Amos 4:9 (si vera lectio) On proper name, of a location אָבֵל כְּרָמִים see II. אָבֵל 4; בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם.

vineyards, vineyard, vines, vintage
kerem
a garden or vineyard
  • vineyard

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וַיָּ֥חֶל נֹ֖חַ Tipeha — a lesser break אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַיִּטַּ֖ע Tipeha — a lesser break כָּֽרֶם Silluq — end of the verse

וַיָּחֶל נֹחַ אִישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָה וַיִּטַּע כָּֽרֶם׃
20
And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard:
Cross References

Genesis 5:29

וַיִּקְרָא אֶת-שְׁמוֹ נֹחַ לֵאמֹר זֶה יְנַֽחֲמֵנוּ מִֽמַּעֲשֵׂנוּ וּמֵֽעִצְּבוֹן יָדֵינוּ מִן-הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר אֵֽרְרָהּ יְהוָֽה׃
29
And he called his name Noah, saying, This same shall comfort us concerning our work and toil of our hands, because of the ground which the LORD hath cursed.

Deuteronomy 20:6

וּמִֽי-הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-נָטַע כֶּרֶם וְלֹא חִלְּלוֹ יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב לְבֵיתוֹ פֶּן-יָמוּת בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְאִישׁ אַחֵר יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃
6
And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man eat of it.

Isaiah 28:24

הֲכֹל הַיּוֹם יַחֲרֹשׁ הַחֹרֵשׁ לִזְרֹעַ יְפַתַּח וִֽישַׂדֵּד אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃
24
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground?

Ecclesiastes 5:9

וְיִתְרוֹן אֶרֶץ בַּכֹּל ‫(היא)‬ הוּא מֶלֶךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעֱבָֽד׃
9
Moreover the profit of the earth is for all: the king himself is served by the field.

Proverbs 10:11

מְקוֹר חַיִּים פִּי צַדִּיק וּפִי רְשָׁעִים יְכַסֶּה חָמָֽס׃
11
The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life: but violence covereth the mouth of the wicked.

Proverbs 12:11

עֹבֵד אַדְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע-לָחֶם וּמְרַדֵּף רֵיקִים חֲסַר-לֵֽב׃
11
He that tilleth his land shall be satisfied with bread: but he that followeth vain persons is void of understanding.

Genesis 3:23

וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵהוּ יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים מִגַּן-עֵדֶן לַֽעֲבֹד אֶת-הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּֽׁם׃
23
Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.

Deuteronomy 28:30

אִשָּׁה תְאָרֵשׂ וְאִישׁ אַחֵר ‫(ישגלנה)‬ יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה בַּיִת תִּבְנֶה וְלֹֽא-תֵשֵׁב בּוֹ כֶּרֶם תִּטַּע וְלֹא תְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃
30
Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her: thou shalt build an house, and thou shalt not dwell therein: thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not gather the grapes thereof.

Genesis 4:2

וַתֹּסֶף לָלֶדֶת אֶת-אָחִיו אֶת-הָבֶל וַֽיְהִי-הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צֹאן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָֽה׃
2
And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.

Genesis 3:18

וְקוֹץ וְדַרְדַּר תַּצְמִיחַֽ לָךְ וְאָכַלְתָּ אֶת-עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃
18
Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;

1 Corinthians 9:7

τίς στρατεύεται ἰδίοις ὀψωνίοις ποτέ τίς φυτεύει ἀμπελῶνα καὶ ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐσθίει ἢ τίς ποιμαίνει ποίμνην καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆς ποίμνης οὐκ ἐσθίει
7
Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges? who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? or who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock?

Song of Solomon 1:6

אַל-תִּרְאוּנִי שֶׁאֲנִי שְׁחַרְחֹרֶת שֶׁשֱּׁזָפַתְנִי הַשָּׁמֶשׁ בְּנֵי אִמִּי נִֽחֲרוּ-בִי שָׂמֻנִי נֹטֵרָה אֶת-הַכְּרָמִים כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי לֹא נָטָֽרְתִּי׃
6
Look not upon me, because I am black, because the sun hath looked upon me: my mother's children were angry with me; they made me the keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept.

Proverbs 24:30

עַל-שְׂדֵה אִישׁ-עָצֵל עָבַרְתִּי וְעַל-כֶּרֶם אָדָם חֲסַר-לֵֽב׃
30
I went by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of understanding;
Genesis 9:19
Read Genesis 9
Genesis 9:21