Hosea 7:12

כַּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר

כַּ

Prefix — preposition like, as

אֲשֶׁ֣ר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: when

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

יֵלֵ֗כוּ

Root word go, went, walk, walked, come, …

Dictionary form: הָלַךְ · haw-LAHK

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: they shall go

go ×142 went ×128 and went ×81 come ×48 and go ×35 to go ×33 to walk ×23 walked ×23

More options

go — Most versatile rendering; suits motion in any direction.

walk — Prefer when literal movement or lifestyle/conduct is in view.

travel — Good for journeys or longer distances.

move — Useful for general or figurative movement without direction.

depart — Best when leaving a place is the emphasis.

proceed — Suits formal or sequential contexts; implies onward movement.

BDB2162 H1980 H3212

הָלַךְ₁₅₄₅ verb go, come, walk (MI ואהלך, לך; SI וילכו; Late Hebrew הִלֵּךְ (rare), Aramaic הֲלַךְ, הַךְ (also Biblical Aramaic), oftener הַלֵּיךְ Pa`el, , Palmyrene Ithpe`el אתילכא Vog^{No. 15, 1. 4}; Assyrian alâku Dl^w; also Arabic perish) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ה Gen 26:26 +; הָלָ֑ךְ 2Sam 8:6 +; 3 plural הָֽלְכוּ Gen 14:24 +; (הֶ)הָֽלְכוּא Josh 10:24 (Ges^{«GKC:23»§ 23}, 3; 138, 3 b Kö^{i. 414 f.}), etc.; Imperfect rarely
a. 3 masculine singular יִהֲלֹךְ Jer 9:3 + 4 t. Job, Psalms; וַיַּהֲלֹךְ Job 14:20 3 feminine singular תִּהֲלַךְ Ps 73:9 וַתִּהֲלַךְ Exod 9:23 (Ew^{§ 138 b} Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, R. 8 Kö^{i. 415}); 1 singular אֶהֱלֹךְ Exod 16:22; Exod 23:8 (compare M 1:14; M 1:15); יִהֲלֹ֑כוּ Job 41:11 usually
b. (629 t.) as if from ילך (ולך; see Hiph`il Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, 2 R. 8 Kö^{i. 414 ff.} Prät^{ZAW 1882, 310 ff.}; compare also יָלַד etc.) 3 masculine singular יֵלֵךְ Exod 10:24 +; יֵלֵ֑ךְ Eccl 5:15 +; וְיֵלַ֑ךְ Job 27:21 יֵלֶךְֿ Exod 34:9 +; וַיֵּלֶךְ Gen 12:4 (twice in verse) + 210 t., וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ Gen 24:61 + 6 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּלֵךְ Gen 24:39 תֵּלֵ֑ךְ Ps 97:3 וַתֵּ֫לֶךְ Gen 7:18 +; 2 masculine singular תֵּלֵךְ etc. Gen 3:14 +; 2 feminine singular תֵּלְכִי etc. Judg 4:8 (twice in verse) +; 1 singular אֵלֵךְ Exod 3:11 +; וָאֵלֵךְ Judg 19:18 +; וָאֵלַ֑ךְ Job 19:10 אֵלְכָה Gen 45:28 +, אֵילְכָה Mic 1:8 3 masculine plural יֵלְכו Exod 5:7 +; יֵלֵכ֑וּן Ps 89:31 + 2 t.; וַיֵּלְכוּ Gen 9:23 (וילכו also SI⁴) +; 3 feminine plural תֵּלַכְנָה Judg 11:40 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּלְכוּ Gen 42:38 +; תֵּלְכוּן Deut 6:14 תֵּלֵכ֑וּן Exod 3:21; Isa 52:12 2 feminine plural תֵּלַכְנָה Ruth 1:11 1 plural נֵלֵךְ Exod 8:23 +; וַנֵּ֫לֶךְ Deut 1:19, etc.; Imperative rarely
a. הֲלוֺךְ Prov 13:20 (Kt.; Qr הֹלֵךְ, compare De Now); masculine plural הִלְכוּ Jer 51:10 usually
b. (241 t.) masculine singular לֵךְ Gen 26:16 + (לך also MI¹⁴), לֶךְֿ Gen 27:9 +; לְכָה Gen 19:32 +; לְךָ Num 23:13; Judg 19:13; 2Chr 25:17 לֵ֑כָה 1Sam 23:17 feminine singular לְכִי Judg 9:10 +; masculine plural לְכוּ Gen 37:20 +; feminine plural לֵ֫כְנָה Ruth 1:8, לֵ֫כְןָ Ruth 1:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָלוֺךְ Gen 8:3 +; הָלֹךְ Gen 31:30 +; construct rarely
a. הֲלֹךְ Exod 3:19 + 4 t.; הֲלָךְֿ Eccl 6:9 usually
b. (129 t.) לֶ֫כֶת Mic 6:8 +; לָ֑כֶת Prov 15:21 +2 t.; suffix לֶכְתִּי 1Kgs 2:8 לֶכְתָּם 2Sam 17:21 + 7 t. (6 Ezekiel); לֶכְתָּן Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12; Ezek 1:17, etc.; Participle הֹלֵךְ Gen 18:16 +; הוֺלֵךְ Gen 15:2 +; feminine הֹלְכָה Jer 3:6 הֹלֶכֶת Gen 32:21 + 2 t.+ הֹלָכֶתי 2Kgs 4:23 plural הֹלְכִים Exod 33:15 +, etc.; construct הֹלְכֵי Judg 5:6 + 3 t.; feminine plural הֹלְכֹת etc. Exod 2:5 + 3 t.; — found in all documents of Hexateuch, especially J E (240 t.; D 65 t., P 30 t. + H 14 t.); —

I. literal

1. of persons,
a. go, proceed, move, walk Gen 22:6; Gen 22:8; Exod 17:5; Amos 3:3; Zeph 1:17 + often; of cherubim Ezek 10:16 = living creatures Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:20; Ezek 1:21; Ezek 1:24 opposed to sitting(ישׁב) Deut 6:7; Deut 11:19 (both with בַּדֶּרֶךְ); || running (רוץ) Prov 4:12; Isa 40:31, compare also 2Chr 30:6 distinguished from riding, driving Gen 24:65 (J; followed by בַּשָּׂדֶה לִקְרָאתֵנוּ), Judg 5:10 (עַלהַֿדֶּרֶךְ), Isa 41:3 (בְּרַגְלָיו), compare Eccl 5:1 (followed by אֶל), Eccl 10:7 (followed by עַלהָֿאָרֶץ); on usage with preposition see below; but also || וַיִּרְכַּב 1Kgs 13:13; 1Kgs 18:45 compare 2Kgs 9:16 וַיֵּלֶךְ רֹכֵב הַסּוּס v2Kgs 9:18 (followed by לִקְרָאתוֺ); נְהַג וָלֵךְוַ֗֗֗תֵּלָךְ וַתָּבאֹ 2Kgs 4:24 drive and go forward. . . and she went, and came.
b. depart, go away: Gen 18:33 (J), and ׳י departed, Gen 34:17 (P) then we will take our daughter and depart; compare 1Sam 14:3; 1Sam 15:27; Exod 3:19 (J), Exod 12:28 (P) 2Kgs 5:25 +; go, go out (to a specific duty etc.): of Samuel 1Sam 7:16, Barak Judg 4:8 (twice in verse); go out, forth (opposed to שׁוּב) Ruth 1:21 +; = go into exile (without modifier) 1Chr 5:41 compare Jer 22:10 (הֹלֵךְ of one going into exile; opposed to death); see further אֲשֶׁר הָֽלְכוּ שָׁם Ezek 37:21.
c. less often where English idiom requires or prefers come, (approach, arrive), verb in Hebrew being referred to starting point; mostly with preposition (on usage with preposition in general see below): — לְכָה אֵלַי 1Sam 17:44 so in prayer to ׳י, וּלְכָה לִישֻׁעָ֫תָה לָ֫נוּ Ps 80:3 also in Yahweh's exhortations to Israel: Isa 55:1 (לַמַּיִם), vIsa 55:3 (אֵלַי); come to, arrive at a land (ָ ה locative) Gen 29:1 come unto (אֶל) a people Ruth 2:11 but compare especially (without preposition) Imperative followed by another Imperative, etc., see below 5 f, & particular cases like Num 22:6; Num 22:11; Num 22:17; Num 23:7 (twice in verse); Isa 55:1 (twice in verse) etc., where actual summons to approach the speaker.
d. with modifiers : (I) a. of space traversed: אֵת כָּלהַֿמִּדְבָּר Deut 1:19 (compare I. אֵת 2), כָּלהַֿבִּתְרוֺן 2Sam 2:29 especially with accusative דֶּרֶךְ way, Gen 35:3 (E) Num 20:17(JE) Deut 1:31; 2Sam 4:7; 1Kgs 13:12 (twice in verse); Jer 52:7 compare וְלֹא תָשׁוּב בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הָלָ֑כְתָּ 1Kgs 13:9 הֹלֵךְ דֶּרֶךְ = traveler Isa 35:8 followed by אֳרָחוֺת Judg 5:6 (song), participle construct הֹלְכֵי נְתִיבוֺת vJudg 5:6 goers of paths (wayfarers); c, accusative דֶּרֶךְ = journey Prov 7:19 β. with accusative of time Deut 2:14; 2Sam 2:32, compare Josh 5:6; Josh 14:10 also, with combination of ideas of space & time דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Exod 3:18 (+ בַּמִּדְבָּר see below) compare Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23; Exod 15:22 (all J E), Num 33:8 (P) 1Kgs 19:4. (2) with preposition: a. followed by בְּ of space (territory, country, etc.) in which בַּמִּדְבָּר Judg 11:16; Judg 11:18 compare וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּבַּיִת אַחַת הֵנָּה וְאַחַת הֵנָּה 2Kgs 4:35 and he walked in the house once hither, once thither; especially + accusative of time or distance (compare above) Josh 5:6; Josh 14:10 (both D) 1Kgs 19:4 בָּֽעֲרָבָה 2Sam 2:29 compare בַּיַּבָּשָׁה Exod 14:29 = Exod 15:19 (P ?); בְּתוֺךְ הָעֵמֶק Josh 8:13 (JE); followed by בְּ of way, path בְּדֶרֶךְ 1Kgs 18:6 (twice in verse) ׳בַּדּ Num 21:22 (JE) Josh 24:17 (E) Deut 1:33; Deut 2:27; Judg 18:6; 1Sam 28:22 לֹא תָשׁוּב לָלֶכֶת בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הָלַכְתָּ בָּהּ 1Kgs 13:17 (הָלַךְ of both going & coming); so often figurative, compare below II. 3; walk in the streets בִּרְחֹבֹת Lam 4:18, walk by the way ׳בַּדּ (opposed to יָשַׁב sit) Deut 6:7; Deut 11:19 β. followed by עַל, go or walk on (by) עַליַֿד הַיְאֹר Exod 2:5 עַלהַֿדֶּרֶךְ 1Sam 9:6 (i.e. set out, start, upon compare Dr); construct followed by לְ Judg 5:10. (3) go to, unto: a. followed by accusative, in general בְּכָלאֲֿשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ Gen 28:15 (J) whithersoever thou goest Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9 (D), compare 2Sam 7:9; 2Sam 8:6; 2Sam 8:14 = 1Chr 17:8; 1Chr 18:6; 1Chr 18:13 more definitely, to a land, with or without ארץ Judg 1:26; Judg 21:21; Jer 37:12 so figurative Hos 7:11 resort to (accusative) Asshur (|| קרא); to a city 1Sam 11:14; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 23:5; 1Kgs 2:8; 1Kgs 11:24; 1Kgs 12:1; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Kgs 14:4; 2Kgs 9:1; 1Chr 11:4; 2Chr 8:3; Ezra 8:31 to a house בַּיִת 2Sam 13:7; 2Sam 13:8, house of ׳י Ps 122:1 a field, Gen 27:5 (J; + Infinitive of purpose); valley of salt 2Chr 25:11. β. followed by ָ ה locative, אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31; Gen 12:5, פַּדֶּ֫נָת אֲרָם Gen 28:2; Gen 28:5; Gen 28:7 (all P) compare Gen 29:1 (E) Num 32:39 (JE) 2Sam 14:23 of city Gen 18:22; Gen 28:10 (both J) Judg 9:1; 1Sam 15:34; 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 19:22; 2Sam 15:9; 1Kgs 3:4; 1Kgs 18:45; 2Chr 10:1 of river Euphrates Jer 13:4; Jer 13:6; Jer 13:7 of a wood 1Sam 23:16 a mountain Josh 2:16 (JE); compare also אָ֫נָה הָֽלְכוּ whither have they gone Gen 16:8; Gen 32:18; Josh 2:5 (all J E) compare Neh 2:16; Song 6:1; Judg 19:17, אָ֫נֶה וָאָ֫נָה 1Kgs 2:42 (but also ׳אָן ה 1Sam 10:14); שָׁ֫מָּה Jer 40:4 but also שָׁם 1Sam 9:6; Jer 45:5 הֵ֫נָּה 2Kgs 4:35. γ. with preposition:
(a) most often followed by אֶלֿ unto,, e.g., unto the place, הַמָּקוֺם, Gen 22:3 (E) Gen 30:25 (J), etc.; of land Gen 22:2 (E) Gen 24:4; Gen 24:10 (J) Gen 36:6 (P) Josh 22:9 (D), etc.; of city Gen 22:19 (E) 1Sam 9:10; Jonah 3:3, etc.; of house Gen 24:38 (J) Eccl 7:2 (twice in verse); house of God Eccl 4:17 of people Exod 19:10 (E) etc.; in other designations of place, Josh 8:9 (JE), Ezra 10:6; Ruth 2:9,.etc., also followed by אֶל = against, of military expedition: Judg 1:10 against Canaanites; a city Judg 9:1; 1Kgs 22:15 = 2Chr 18:5; 2Chr 18:14 also followed by אֶל of individual persons Gen 26:1; Gen 26:26 (both J), Gen 41:55 (E) 2Kgs 6:22; 2Kgs 6:23; 2Kgs 22:14 = 2Chr 34:22; Jer 41:14 +; once with implicit coire cum femina Amos.Jer 2:7 (compare בּוֺא 1 e, p. 98); see especially לַהֲלֹךְ אֶלאֵֿל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Job 34:23 of judicial inquiry by God; come unto the speaker Num 22:16; Num 22:37 ( both J E), unto the one addressed Isa 60:14.
(b) rarely followed by עַלֿ unto (Jeremiah Kings Ezekiel) with בַּיִת 1Kgs 20:43, שָׂדֶה 1Kgs 2:26 (+ accusative of location), compare עַלכָּֿל אֲשֶׂר Jer 1:7, עַלאֲֿשֶׁר יִהְיֶה שָׁם Ezek 1:12 (of the רוּחַ; compare אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר יִהְיֶה שָׁ֫מָּה vEzek 1:20); also וַאֲנִיִ הוֺלֵךְ עַלֹ אֲשֶׁראֲֿנִי הוֺלֵךְ 2Sam 15:20 = I am going I know not where compare Lag^{Psalt. Hieron. 1874, 156 f.} Dr^Sm; see further Jer 3:6 (followed by both עַל & אֶל; on confusion of אֶל and לְַ see these words); followed by עַל against city 1Kgs 22:6, king 2Chr 22:5.
(c) followed by עַד as far as, unto, place עַדכֹּֿה Gen 22:5 (E), compare 1Kgs 12:30 (וַיֵּלְכוּ הָעָם לִפְנֵי הָאֶחָד עַד דָּ֑ן), 2Kgs 6:2; 2Kgs 10:25; 2Kgs 7:15 compare 2Chr 26:8 persons 1Sam 9:9.
(d) followed by לְ, to a land 1Kgs 10:13 etc.; a city 2Chr 8:17 a mountain 1Chr 4:42 a bamah 2Chr 1:3 compare לִמְבוֺא גְדֹר 1Chr 4:39 & see below; also before proper name of person Gen 24:56 (J); further לַמִּלְחָמָה Ezek 7:14 לְסִבְלֹתיכֶם Exod 5:4 (J) go to your burdens compare Isa 60:3, וְהַתּוֺדָה הַשֵׁנִית הַהוֺלֶכֶת לְמוֺאל Neh 12:38 the second thanksgiving choir, that went the opposite way; frequently לְדַרְכּוֺ etc., go (to, on) one's way Gen 19:2 (J) Gen 32:2 (E) Num 24:25; Josh 2:16 (both J E) Judg 18:26; 1Sam 1:18; 1Sam 26:25 +; לְמַסָּעָיו Gen 13:3 (J); compare הַהוֺלֵךְ לְמֶרְחֲבֵיאֶֿדֶץ Hab 1:6 that marcheth through the breath of the land (of invader); note especially in sense of depart to, go away to, almost = return to; וְהָלַכְתָּ לְאֹהָלָיךָ Deut 16:7 and thou shalt go (back) to thy tents, so Judg 19:6; Judg 20:8; 1Kgs 8:66; 1Kgs 12:16 = 2Chr 10:16 לְבֵיתוֺ 1Sam 10:26 compare 1Sam 14:8; 1Sam 23:18; 1Kgs 14:12; 1Chr 16:43 לִמְקוֺמוֺ 1Sam 2:20 (compare VB Dr) 1Sam 14:46 see also go away or off to 1Chr 4:42; 2Chr 8:17.
(e) followed by בְּ into בַּשָּׂדֶה Num 22:23 (of Balsam's ass); especially in בּשְּׁבִי ׳ה go into captivity Amos 9:4; Nah 3:10; Deut 28:41; Jer 20:6; Jer 22:22; Jer 30:16; Lam 1:18 (= שְׁבִי ׳ה vLam 1:5) compare Ezek 30:17; Ezek 30:18; Isa 46:2; Isa 48:11 בַּגּוֺלָה׳ה Jer 48:11; Ezek 25:3 see also בַּכְּלִמָּה ׳ה Isa 45:16 בַּמִּלְתָמָה ׳ה 1Sam 17:13 בַּקְּרָ֑ב ׳ה 2Sam 17:11 (but see Dr). (4) go from, depart from, followed by מִן, e.g. 1Kgs 2:41, etc., מִשָּׁם Gen 42:26 (E) 1Kgs 19:19 compare אָנָה אֵלֵךְ מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָ Ps 139:7 note especially הָלַךְ מֵעֵינָיו ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י Judg 6:21 compare 1Sam 14:17 (מֵעִמָנוּ), Hos 9:6 (מִשֹּׁד, from destruction; also followed by מֵאֵת of divorced woman Jer 3:1 (מֵאִתּוֺ), compare also Gen 26:31 (J), Josh 22:9 (?P) מֵאֵצֶל 1Kgs 20:36. (5) with preposition denoting other relations: — a. אֵת of accompaniment, אִתִּי ׳ה (on warlike expedition) Gen 14:24 compare 2Sam 15:11; Josh 10:24; Judg 1:3 (followed by בְּ into), Judg 7:4 (twice in verse), see also 1Sam 23:23; 2Sam 16:17 +. β. עִם Judg 4:8 (twice in verse); Judg 4:9 (twice in verse); Judg 7:4; Judg 11:8; 1Sam 30:22 (twice in verse); 2Sam 19:26; Num 22:13; Num 22:14 (JE) +. γ. בְּ with (compare בְּ III. 1, p. 89), especially Exod 10:9, compare Hos 5:6 ׳בְּצאֹנָם וּבִבְּקָרָם יֵלְכוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶתיֿ, of vain sacrifices; 2Chr 30:6 the runners went with (בְּ) letters. δ בְּקֶרֶב in the midst of, Exod 34:9 (JE). ε. לִפְנֵי in front of, before, before Cyrus Isa 45:2, (compare of fire & pestilence, below 3); of ׳י going before Israel Exod 13:21; Num 14:14, compare also Exod 23:23; Exod 32:34 & (in meaning) Exod 33:14 (פָּנַי יֵלֵ֑כוּ), vExod 33:15, Isa 52:12, with which camp. לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶ֑ךָ ׳וה Isa 58:8 of other gods Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (all J E); לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Gen 33:12 (J).

**לִפְנֵי ׳ה also (less often) = go (and present oneself) before a deity or shrine 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30 (compare בוא לפני Exod 28:30, קִדֵּם פְּנֵי Ps 95:2). ζ. with אַחַר go after, follow, persons Gen 37:17 (J) 2Kgs 7:15 אַחֲרֵי Gen 24:5; Gen 24:8; Gen 24:39; Gen 24:61 (all J), Josh 3:3 (D), Num 16:25 (JE) +; compare also II. 3 d (going after false gods, etc.); מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם Exod 14:19 (J). η. לְ with sense of dativus ethicus [dative of interest]: וַיֵּלֶךְ לוֺ אֶלאַֿרְצוֺ Exod 18:27 (E) and he gat him (betook himself) to his country; אֵ֫לֶךְ לִי אֶל Song 4:6 I will get me unto; וְנֵלְכָהלָֿנוּ 1Sam 26:11 and let us be gone, compare v1Sam 26:12, Song 2:11 (of rain compare infr, 3); Imperative in same construction: לֶךְלְֿךָאֶל Gen 22:2 (E) get thee unto, לְכוּ לָכֶם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶם Josh 22:4 (D) also לֶךְלְֿךָ מִן Gen 12:1 (J), & לְכִילָֿךְ Song 2:10; Song 2:13 get thee away, come away. θ adverbial phrases of manner with preposition:
(a) בְּ, בְּשָׁלוֺם ׳ה go in peace Gen 26:31(J) 1Sam 29:7; 2Sam 3:21; 2Sam 3:22; 2Sam 3:23; 2Sam 15:9 בְּכֹהַ הָאֲכִילָה הַהִיא ׳ה 1Kgs 19:8, בְּחֵמָה ׳ה 2Kgs 5:12 compare also 1Sam 17:39; Isa 52:12 בְּסַעֲרוֺת תֵּימָן ׳וְה Zech 9:14 of ׳י, and he shall go in (or with) storms of the south; בְּ pretii, הַהֹלְכִים בְּנַפְשׁוֺתָם 2Sam 23:17 who went at risk of their life (otherwise in || 1Chr 11:19); compare
(b) אֶל, אֶלנַֿפְשׁוֺ ׳ה 1Kgs 19:3 he went for his life. (c) לְ, לְרַגְלָהּ ׳ה 1Sam 25:42 go according to her foot, i.e. follow, attend her; לֵךְ לְשָׁלוֺם go to, for (in) peace Exod 4:18 (E) Judg 18:6; 1Sam 1:17; 1Sam 20:13; 1Sam 20:42; 2Kgs 5:19 וְהֹלְכִים לְתֻמָּם 2Sam 15:11. κ. with adjective or noun, agreeing with subject of verb, in accusative (Ges^{«GKC:118»§ 118}.5), sometimes where Latin & English use an attributive or appositive: walk barefoot 2Sam 15:30 walk naked and barefoot Isa 20:3 (with accusative of duration); ׳וַתֵּלַכְנָה נְטֻו֯וֺת גָּרוֺן רגו Isa 3:16 compare 1Kgs 8:66 also לֹא תֵלֵךְ רָכִיל בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ Lev 19:16 (H) thou shalt not walk as a slanderer among thy people, Jer 9:3, הוֺלֵךְ רָכִיל Prov 11:13; Prov 20:19 and even הֹלְכֵי רָכִיל Jer 6:28 (yet רכיל possibly abstract, ׳ר ׳ה walk in slander); with adverb accusative, construed more generally (Ges^{«GKC:118»§ 118}, 5.c., Ew^{§ 279 c}); ye shall not walk loftily (רוֺמָה) Mic 2:3 they shall come bending (שְׁחוֺחַ) Isa 60:14 and Agag came delicately (מַעֲדַנֹּת) 1Sam 15:32 compare also Lev 26:23 (II. 3b) Exod 3:21; 2Sam 17:18.

2. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations: הָלַךְ Nah 2:12 walk about, prowl (lions, figurative of rulers of Assyria); Prov 30:29 (see vProv 30:30 vProv 30:31, of three beasts & a king); walk, go, move ׳בִּמְסִלָּה אַחַת ה 1Sam 6:12 (of cows bringing ark), horses in Zechariah's vision Zech 6:7 וַיְבַקְשׁוּ לָלֶכֶת לְהִתְהַלֵךְ בָּאָרֶץ; of beasts & birds Jer 9:9, compare Jer 50:3 both man & beast, they are fled, they are gone; of flocks and herbs (מִקְנֶה) יֵלֵךְ עִמָּנוּ Exod 10:26 they shall go with us; מֵהר אֶלגִּֿבְעָה ׳ה Jer 50:6 they have gone from mountain to hill (Israel under figure of wandering sheep); in 1Sam 14:26 read probably הָלַךְ for הֵלֶךְ q. v.; especially in laws of clean & unclean Lev 11:20; Lev 11:21 every swarming winged thing that goeth on (הַהֹלֵךְעַל) all fours compare vLev 11:27 vLev 11:42 also vLev 11:27 everything that goeth on its paws, & vLev 11:42 everything that goeth on (its) belly, (all P), so of serpent Gen 3:14 on thy belly (עַלגְּֿחֹנְךָ) shalt thou go (J), compare also Jer 46:22 קוֺלָהּ כַּנָּחָשׁ יֵלֵךְ; (where apparently rel. clause, her voice like the serpent that moves, i.e. like the rustling sound of a gliding serpent, compare VB); locusts Josh 2:7 (אִישׁ בִּדְרָכָיו), vJosh 2:8 (גֶּבֶר בִּמְסִלָּתוֺ).

3. in like manner of inanimate things, as: the ark (הַתֵּבָה) Gen 7:18 (P; followed by עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם); ships 1Kgs 22:49 (followed by ָ ה locative) = 2Chr 20:36 (followed by accusative of limit), compare 2Chr 9:21 (followed by accusative) 2Chr 20:37 (אֶל); of אֳנִישַֿׁיִט Isa 33:21 lsgalley with oarsrs (followed by בְּ of place in which); wheels (in Ezekiel's vision) Ezek 1:17 (twice in verse); Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21; Ezek 10:11 (4 t. in verse); moon Job 31:26 wind Ps 78:39; Eccl 1:6 (twice in verse); of streams (הַנְחָלִים) = flow אֶלהַֿיָּם Eccl 1:7 compare אֶלמְֿקוֺם שֶׁהַנְחָלִים הֹלְכִים שָׁם הֵם שָׁבִים לָלֶכֶת vEccl 1:7 unto the place whither the streams flow, thither they flow again; also אֲפִיקִים, followed by מַיִם as accusative of that with which, Joel 4:18 || of hills flowing חָלָב, with milk; compare further figurative כָּלבִּֿרְכַּיִם תֵּלַכְנָה מַיִם Ezek 7:17; Ezek 21:12 all knees shall flow down in water, i.e. be as weak as water; נְהָרוֺת Ezek 31:4 (followed by סָבִיב); וְהָלַךְ עַלכָּֿלגְּֿדוֺתָיו Isa 8:7 i.e. overflow (|| עָלָה עַלכָּֿלאֲֿפִיקָיו) compare Josh 4:18 (JE); so of water (as SI⁴) Isa 8:6; 1Kgs 18:35 (הַמַּיִם סָבִיב לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַוַיֵּלְכוּ), Ps 105:41 (ָהלְכוּ בַּצִיּוֺת נָהָר, they flowed through dry regions as a river); (on Infinitive absolute used of waters of flood, Gen 8:3; Gen 8:5, compare below 4 c (4), (5)); of the sea הַיָּם הוֺלֵךְ וְסֹעֵר Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:13 was going on and being stormy = was growing more and more stormy (compare below 4 d); of wine (יַיִן) Song 7:10 that goeth down, for my beloved, smoothly (smile); also of lighting go, dart (בָּרָק) Job 38:35, so אֵשׁ Exod 9:23 (E) וַתִּהֲלַךְ אֵשׁ אָ֑רְצָה and fire darted to earth (on form, here & Ps 73:9 below, as intensive, of rapid motion, compare Thes Ew^{§ 138 b} Kö^{i. 415}); אֵשׁ לְפָנָיו תֵּלֵךְ Ps 97:3 of torches, in figure of violent breathing of crocodile יַהֲלֹ֑כוּ מִפִּיו לַפִּידִים Job 41:11 of sword אַחֲרַיִךְ תֵּ֫לֶךְ חָ֑רֶב % Jer 48:2, of arrow בָּרָק Job 20:25 drawn from a wound; of pestilence דֶּבֶר (personified) Ps 91:6 (בָּאֹפֶל), Hab 3:5 (לְפָנָיו); of fame שָׁמְעוֺ הוֺלֵךְ בְּכָלהַֿמְּדִינוֺת Esth 9:4 of the tongue (bad sense) וּלְשׁוֺנָם תִּהֲלַךְ בָּאָרֶץ Ps 73:9 (compare Exod 9:23 above; || שַׁתּוּ בַשָׁמַיִם פִּיהֶם); of sound of trumpet Exod 19:19 (Participle compare infra 4 d); of letters אִגְּרוֺת Neh 6:17 (followed by עַל, unto); of dew (טַל, || עֲנַןבֹּֿקֶר) simile of Israel's חסֶד Hos 6:4 compare Hos 13:3 like dew that passeth away; so of עָנָן Job 7:9 עָנָן וַיֵּלַ֑ךְכָּלָה; of rain הַגֶּשֶׁם חָלַף הָלַךְ לוֺ Song 2:11 the rain is over, it hath taken itself away; of ark of ׳) י׳אֲרוֺן י 1Sam 6:8 depart (compare also 5 d); of shadow on dial go forward 2Kgs 20:9 (opposed to שׁוּב; || נָטָה v2Kgs 20:20 & יַרַד Isa 38:8); grow, of wicked under figure of tress, יֵלְכוּ גַּםעָֿשׂוּ פֶּ֑רִי Jer 12:2 compare יֵלְכוּ יוֺנְקוֺתָיו Hos 14:3 his branches shall spread, said of Israel under figure of tree; of name (= fame) 2Chr 26:8 (followed by עַדלְֿבֹא מִעצרַיִם); also of a thing that does not actually move; וְהָלַךְ הַגְּבוּל אֶל Josh 17:7 and the boundary went unto etc., compare Josh 16:8 (followed by מִן & ָ ה locative); — in 2Kgs 13:21 and it (the dead body) went i.e. was let down into the grave, read וַיֵּלְכוּ for וַיֵּלֶךְ ᵐ5^L Th Klo, and they went away.

4. The Infinitive absolute is often used
a. as in other verbs, quite independently (Ges^{«GKC:113»§ 113}, 1): הֲגָנֹב ֗֗֗ וְהָלֹךְ אַחֲרִי אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים ... Jer 7:9 (series of 6 Infinitive absolute) (are there) stealing, murdering, and adultery and false swearing and incense-burning to the Baal, and going after other gods...? as object, וְלֹאאָֿבוּ בִדְרָכָיו הָלוֺךְ Isa 42:24 and they desired not walking in his ways; as apposition of object, Jer 23:14 I have seen ... an abominable thing, committing adultery and walking in lies (נָאוֺף וְהָלוֺךְ בַּשֶּׁקֶר); compare וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן הָלוֺךְ עָרוֺם וְיָחֵף Isa 20:2 and he did so, a walking naked and barefoot, where also two adverb. accusative modifying the Infinitive absolute (Ges^{«GKC:113»§ 113}, 2).
b. to intensify meaning of finite form of הָלַךְ (Ges^{«GKC:118»§ 118}, 3): (1) before finite verb הָלוֺךְ אֵלֵךְ עִמָּךְ Judg 4:9 I will surely go with thee, compare Jer 37:9 הָלֹךְ הָלַכְתָּ Gen 31:30 concessive, thou art indeed gone, הָעֵצִים הָּלוֺךְ חָֽלְכוּ Judg 9:8 introductory, the trees went forth on a time to anoint them a king. (2) after finite verb וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ 2Sam 3:24 and he is actually gone! (a grave impurdence to permit it!), ׳נֵלְכָה הָלוֺךְ לְחַלּוֺת אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Zech 8:21 let us by all means go to seek the favour of ׳י
c. most noteworthy is the joining of the Infinitive absolute (I) with a following Infinitive absolute denoting a simulaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance: a. both Infinitives preceding the finite verb, הָלוֺךְ וְטָפֹף תֵּלַכְנָהIsa 3:16 a going and atripping they go, i.e. they keep tripping as they go; so הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ יֵלֵ֑כוּ Jer 50:4 continually weeping they shall go; β. one Infinitive before, & one after the finite verb הָלוֺךְ יֵלֵךְ וּבָבֹה Ps 126:6 continually may one go weeping γ. elsewhere both after finite verb Josh 6:9 the rearguard was going (הֹלֵךְ) after the ark, continually blowing on the trumpets (הָלוֺךְ וְתָקוֺעַ בַּשּׁוֺפָרוֺת), compare vJosh 6:13 (where הָו֯לֹךְ cf, below; both J E), וַיֵּלֶךְ ֗֗֗ הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ 2Sam 3:16, of cows ץָהלְכוּ הָלוֺךְ וְגָעוֺ 1Sam 6:12 they went continually lowing, וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וְאָבֹל Judg 14:9 and he went on, eating as he went; הֹלְכִים הָלוֺךְ וְדַבֵּר 2Kgs 2:11 they were going on, talking as they went; in הֹלֵךְ הָלךְ וּבֹכֶה Jer 41:6, the participle בֹּכֶה is peculiar, read perhaps בָּכֹה, and for הֹלֵךְ read הֹלְכִים ᵐ5 Hi compare Gf. (2) with a following finite verb with ו consecutive (rare): הֹלְכִים הָלוֺךְ וְתקְעוּ Josh 6:13 (JE) they were going along continually blowing on the trumpets; וַתַּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וְזָעָ֑קָה 2Sam 13:19 and she went, crying out as she went; הֹלֵךְ הָ֗֗֗לוֺךְ וִיְקַלֵּל 2Sam 16:13 he went along . . . cursing as he went; so 1Sam 19:23 and he went on, prophesying as he went, until he came, etc. (3) in cases where finite verb is followed by Infinitive absolute + adjective denoting progress, advance: וַיֵּלֶךְ חָלוֺךְ וְקָרֵב 2Sam 18:25 and he came continually nearer (nearer & nearer); elsewhere with idea of actual motion lost from finite verb: וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וָרָ֑ב 1Sam 14:19 and he tumult kept growing greater and greater; so וְגָדוֺל וַיֵּלֶךְ דָּוִד הָלוֺךְ 2Sam 5:10 = 1Chr 11:9 compare Judg 4:24 and the hand of the sons of Israel kept growing more and more severe (וַתֵּלָךְ ֗֗֗ הָלוֺךְ וְקָשָׁה) upon Jabin; note especially וַיִּגְּדּל הָאִישׁ וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֺךְ וְגָדֵל עַדבִּֿיֿ גָדַל מְאֹד Gen 26:13 (J) and the man grew great and kept on growing greater and greater until etc. (גָּדֵל particular adjective ). (4) twice, where finite verb is not הלך, but another verb denoting motion: וַיָּשֻׁבוּ הַמַּיִם ֗֗֗ הָלוֺךְ וָשׁוֺב Gen 8:3 (J) and he waters retired continually more and more; וַיִסַּע אַבְּרָם הָלוֺךְ וְנָסוֺעַ הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה Gen 12:9 (J) and Abram journeyed on continually further toward the south country. (5) quite by itself is Gen 8:5 (P) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר and he waters, they continually diminished (were a going and a diminishin; the Infinitive absolute being predicate). (6) 13 t. the Infinitive absolute = Imperative & is followed by Perfect consecutive (chiefly in Jeremiah): הָלוֺךְ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֫ 2Sam 24:12 go and speak, so Jer 35:2 וְאָמַרְתָּ֫ ׳ה go and say, Isa 38:5; Jer 28:13; Jer 34:2; Jer 35:13; Jer 39:16 וְקָרָאתָ ׳ה Jer 2:2; Jer 3:12 also וְרָחַצְתָּ֫ ׳ה 2Kgs 5:10 go and wash, וְקָנִיתָ׳ה Jer 13:1; Jer 19:1 go and buy, וְעָמַדְתָּ֫ ׳ה Jer 17:19 go and stand.
d. akin to the use of Infinitive absolute are some instances of Participle הֹלֵךְ + adjective (or participle): וַיֵּלֶךְ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הֹלֵךְ וְקָרֵב 1Sam 17:41 and the Philistine came continually nearer (compare 2Sam 18:25 above); in other cases as predicate, with same idea of growing, increasing: וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק וּבֵית שָׁאוּל הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים 2Sam 3:1 and David was growing stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul were growing weaker and weaker, compare 2Chr 17:12; Esth 9:4 (of individuals), 2Sam 15:12 (of people); + 2 adjective וְהַנַּעַד שְׁמוּאֵל הֹלֵךְ וְגָדֵל וָטוֺב 1Sam 2:26 compare (with different order) of wind, Eccl 1:6 goeth (הוֺלֵךְ)toward the south, and turneth about (סוֺבֵב) unto the north, the wind turneth about and about continually (סוֺבֵב סֹבֵב הוֺלֵךְ הָרוּחַ); of sea הַיָּם הוֺלֵךְ וְסֹעֵרJonah 1:11; Jonah 1:13 the sea was growing more and more stormy; also וַיְהִי קוֺל הַ שֹּׁפָר חוֺלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד Exod 19:19 and the sound of the trumpet kept growing louder and louder; & in metaphor אֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֺר נֹ֑גַהּ הוֺלֵךְ וָאוֺר עַדנְֿכוֺן הַיּוֺם Prov 4:18 the path of just men is like a shining light, growing lighter and lighter until the full day.

5. In combination with other verbal forms:
a. followed by Infinitive of purpose (with לְ) Gen 25:22; Gen 31:19; Gen 37:25 (all J E) Num 14:38 (P) Num 24:1 (JE), Judg 8:1; Judg 9:8; Judg 9:9; Judg 9:11; Judg 9:13 + often; especially לִקְרַאת ׳הּ go to meet Josh 9:11 (JE), 2Sam 19:16; 1Kgs 18:16 (twice in verse) +; sometimes with hostile sense 1Sam 23:28; 1Kgs 20:27; 2Kgs 23:29 also לָּשּׁובּ ׳הּ go to return, Exod 4:21 (RV go back), compare also שּׁובּ לָּלֶּכֶּתּ return again Eccl 1:7; Eccl 5:14 לָּבּוֺֿ ׳הּ go to come (enter etc.) Jer 41:17 compare 2Chr 26:8.
b. followed by finite verb go and do so and so: Gen 22:13; Gen 27:14; Exod 2:8; Exod 4:27; Exod 4:29 (all J E), Deut 13:7; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:3; Deut 24:2; = Mic 4:2; Jer 11:12 + often; וַיֵּלֶךְ וַּיָשָּׁבּ Exod 4:18 (E), יֵלֵךְ וְיָשֹׁב Deut 20:5; Deut 20:6; Deut 20:7; Deut 20:8, וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיָּשׁוּבוּ Judg 21:23 compare Hos 2:9; Hos 5:15 וַיָּבוֺא ׳ה went & came Num 13:26 (P), Ruth 2:3; 1Sam 22:5; 2Sam 11:22; 2Kgs 4:25 notably וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַךְ 2Kgs 3:7 and he went and sent.
c. following other verbs: וַיָּקֻמוּ וַיֵּלְכוּ Gen 22:19 (E) compare Gen 24:10 (J) Gen 43:8 (J) Num 16:25 (JE) Judg 4:9 נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה Gen 33:12 (J).
d. especially as result of action expressed in preceding verb, such as verb of sending, etc.: וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶתאֶֿחָיו וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ Gen 45:24 (E) compare Josh 1:16 (D) 1Sam 6:8; Job 38:35 also יִשָּׁאֵהוּ קָדִים וְיֵלַ֑ךְ Job 27:21 an east wind shall carry him off, and he shall depart; וַיְ גָָֽרֲשֵׁהוּ וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ Ps 34:1 (title). (compare depart also of inanimate things

3. above)
e. in longer series: וַיֵּלֶךְ וִיִּבְרַח וַיִּמָּלֵט 1Sam 19:12 וַיִּסַּע וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָשָׁב֗֗֗ וַיֵּשֶׁב 2Kgs 19:36 = Isa 37:37 compare Num 24:25 (JE); וַיָּקָם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָּבאֹ Judg 19:10 also וַיָּקָם וַיָּבאֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ 2Kgs 10:12. feminine oft; in Imperative foll by 2nd Imperative or equivalent, (1) לֵךְ קַחלִֿי Gen 27:13 (J) go, bring me (them), compare Hos 1:2 לְכוּ רְעוּ Gen 29:7 (J) go, feed (them), compare Gen 37:14; Gen 42:19; Exod 4:19 + (in all approximately 57 t.; only J E D in Hexateuch); but also (2) weakened to mere introductory word (as also above passim: especially 2Kgs 3:7 etc.), go to, or come, do (let us do) so & so; לְכָה נִכְרְתָה בְרִית Gen 31:44 come, let us make a compact, compare נַשְׁקֶה לְכָה Gen 19:32 (where subject feminine); לְכוּ וְנֵלְכָה 1Sam 9:9 come, and let us go, so v1Sam 9:10, 1Sam 11:14; Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2, compare Zech 6:7 +; even לֵךְ בּאֹ וְאֶשְׁלְחָה 2Kgs 5:5 go to, come, and let me send, compare Isa 22:15; Isa 26:20; Ezek 3:4; Ezek 3:11 further Judg 19:11; Judg 19:13; 1Sam 9:5; 1Kgs 1:12; Ps 34:5 + (in all approximately 49 t.; only J E in Hexateuch). (3) apparently intermediate, and shewing transition from (1) to (2) are: לָךְרֵֿד Exod 19:24; Exod 32:7 compare Judg 18:2 לְכוּ סֻרוּ רְדוּ 1Sam 15:6 לֵךְ עֲלֵה מִוֶּךְ Exod 33:1 לְכוּ וְהִתְהלְּכוּ בָּאָרֶץ Josh 18:8 & לְכוּ בּאֹוּ אַרְצָה Gen 47:17 compare 1Sam 22:5; 1Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 7:9 see further לֵכְנָה שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8 & שֹׁבְנָה לֵכְןָ vRuth 1:12 also 2Sam 3:16; 1Kgs 19:15; 1Kgs 19:20 + (in all approximately 36 t.)

II. Figurative; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:

1. pass away, die; in phrases denoting or implying death (compare Arabic perish); וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִּי הוֺלֵךְ הַיּוֺם בְּדֶרֶךְ בָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Josh 23:14 (D) lo, I am going to-day the way of all the eath compare 1Kgs 2:2 perhaps also Gen 15:2 (JE) I pass away childless, but possibly below 2 below; also 2Sam 12:23 I am going (אֲנִי הֹלֵךְ) to him 2Sam 12:23 so of mankind דּוֺרהֹלֵךְ וְדוֺר בָּא Eccl 1:4 more explicitly, הַּכֹּל הוֺלֵךְ אֶלמָֿקוֺם אֶחָ֑ד הַכֹּל הָיֶה מִן הֶעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶלהֶֿעָפָר Eccl 3:20 compare Eccl 6:6 also בִּשְׁאוֺל אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה הֹלֵךְ שָׁ֑מָּה Eccl 9:10, & אֶלבֵּֿית עוֺלָמוֺ הֹלֵךְ הָאָדָם Eccl 12:5 compare בְּטֶדֶם אֵלֵךְ וְאֵינֶנִּי Ps 39:14 before I depart and be not; so according to some 2Chr 21:20 but compare below 3 a (2); once with weaker sense followed by infinitive, חִנֵּה אָנֹכִי הוֺךֵלךְ לָמוּת Gen 25:32 (J).

2. live ('walk'), in general (compare Pi`el Hithpa`el) (usually in poetry, with modifying words): צַלְמָוֶת כִּיאֵֿלֵךְ בְּנֵיא Ps 23:4 though I walk in a valley of deep darkness; compare Ps 138:7 & אֵ֫לֶךְ השֶׁךְ Job 29:8 קֹדֵר אֵלֵךְ Ps 42:10 חֲשֵׁכִים ׳ה Isa 50:10, see also Ezek 3:14 perhaps also Gen 15:2 compare 1 above; יֵלְכוּ מֵחַיִל אֶלחָֿ֑יִל Ps 84:8 they go from strength to strength; יֵלֶךְ בֶּטַח הוֺלֵךְ בַּתֹּם Prov 10:9 especially

3. of moral and religious life; יְיַשֶּׁרלָֿ֑כֶת Prov 15:21 he maketh straight to walk (walketh straight, upright); particular
a. walk in (בְּ) ways (counsels, statutes, etc.), (1) in good sense: (α) בְּדֶרֶךְ תָּמִים ׳ה Ps 101:6, compare Isa 30:21; Jer 6:16; 1Kgs 8:36 = 2Chr 6:27 (β) in (בְּ) ways of ׳י especially D: Deut 8:6 (|| לְיִרְאָה אֹתוֺ) compare Deut 10:12; Deut 11:22 (|| ׳לְאַהֲבָה אֶתיֿ etc.), Deut 28:9 (|| ׳שָׁמַר מִצְוֺת י); see also Deut 13:15 +; 1Kgs 11:33 (followed by לַעֲשׂוֺת), v1Kgs 11:38 (followed by וְעָשִׂיתָ) 2Kgs 21:22; Ps 119:3; Ps 128:1 בְּאֹרְחֹתָיו Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2 further (followed by דֶּרֶךְ) Judg 2:17 (γ) in commandments of ׳י 2Chr 17:4 (δ) in his law(s) (תּוֺרָה) Exod 16:4; Exod 16:14 (J) 2Kgs 10:31; Jer 9:12; Jer 44:23 (+ בְּחֻקֹּת & בְּעֵדְוֺת), 2Chr 6:16; Dan 9:10, compare Neh 10:30 (of אֱלֹהִים); (ε) in his ordinances, statutes (חֻקּוֺת) Lev 26:3; 1Kgs 6:12; Jer 44:10; Jer 44:23 (see above), Ezek 5:6; Ezek 5:7; Ezek 11:20; Ezek 18:9; Ezek 18:17; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:21, compare בְּחֻקּוֺת חַיִּים Ezek 33:15 also בְּחֻקֵּי 1Kgs 8:61; Ezek 11:12; Ezek 36:27 (ζ) in his judgments (מִשְׁפָּטִים) Ps 89:31; Ezek 37:24 (η) ordinances of David 1Kgs 3:3, compare also below; (φ) in way(s) of good man 1Sam 8:3; 1Sam 8:5; 2Chr 21:12, of David 2Chr 11:17; 2Chr 34:2, of David & Solomon 2Chr 17:3. (2) in bad sense, (α) in (evil) ways with בְּ 2Kgs 21:21; Ezek 16:47; Ezek 23:31; 2Chr 22:3 compare also (probably) 2Chr 21:20 חֶמְדָּה וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּלאֹ and he lived undesirably (compare ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Kmp Öttli); > others he departed (died) unregretted, so AV RV; (β) followed by accusative 2Kgs 21:21; Jer 18:15 (נְתִיבוֺת ׳ה); (γ) with adverb. accusative הּוֺלֵךְ עִקְּשׁוּת פֶּה Prov 6:12 one walking in perversity (falseness) of mouth (compare צְדָקוֺת Isa 33:15); (δ) in (בְּ)ordinances, statutes (חֻקּוֺת) of bad men Lev 18:3; Lev 20:23 (both H) 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:19; Ezek 20:18 (בְּחוּקֵּי).
b. walk with (אֶת, עִם) i.e. associate, be familiar with: בְּשָׁלוֺם אִתִּי ׳וּבְמִישׁוֺר ה Mal 2:6 in peace and uprightness he walked with me (׳י); הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִםאֲֿלֹהֶיךָ Mic 6:8 but also of people at variance with ׳י וַהֲלְכְתֶּם עִמִּי קֶ֑רִי Lev 26:23 compare vLev 26:27 vLev 26:40 & of ׳י at variance with people וְהָלַכְתִּי ֗֗֗ עִמָּכֶם בְּקֶ֑רִי vLev 26:24 compare vLev 26:28 (all H); with men, אֶתהֲּֿכָמִיםLev 13:20 עִם אַנְשֵׁי רֶשַׁע Job 34:8 compare walk with (עִם) vanity Job 31:5.
c. walk before ׳י (׳לִפְנֵי י; with בֶּאֱמֶת, בְּכָללִֿבָּם etc.) 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 3:6; 1Kgs 8:23; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 9:4; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 7:17 compare ׳קְדֹרַנִּית מִפְּנֵי י׳ה Mal 3:14 walk before the living (i.e. walk aright before them) Eccl 6:8.
d. walk, go, after (אַהֲּדֵי) (1) ׳י Deut 13:5; 1Kgs 14:8; Jer 2:2; Hos 11:10 +; (2) other gods, Judg 2:12 especially D: Deut 4:3; Deut 6:14; Deut 8:19; Deut 13:3; Deut 28:14; Deut 7:6; Deut 8:2; Deut 11:10; Deut 16:11; Deut 25:6 +; compare go & serve other gods Josh 23:16; Deut 13:7; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:3; Deut 29:17 (compare Deut 28:14 above); (3) things which do not profit Jer 2:8 (4) vanity Hos 5:11 (reading שָׁוְא compare VB); see also Amos 2:4.
e. walk in (1) one's integrity, etc., בְּתֻמִּי Ps 26:11 compare Ps 84:12; Prov 10:9, see also תָּמִים ׳ה Ps 15:2, הֹלְכֵי תֹם Prov 2:7 (2) bad sense, in (בְּ) sin 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:26; 1Kgs 15:34; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 16:26; 2Kgs 13:6; 2Kgs 13:11 + (especially of wicked kings); (evil) counsel 2Chr 22:5 compare Ps 1:1. feminine (1) לֵב as subject, (a) = thoughts, לֹא לִבִּי הָלַךְ 2Kgs 5:26 did not my thoughts go forth; (β) evil inclination, Job 31:7 אֶללֵֿב שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם ֗֗֗ לִבָּם הֹלֵךְ Ezek 11:21 followed by אַהֲרֵי גִלּוּלֵיהֶם Ezek 20:16, אַחֲרֵי בִצְעָם Ezek 33:31 (2) נֶפֶשׁ = desire, טוֺב מַרְאֵה עֵינַיִם מֵהֲלָךְנֶֿפֶשׁ Eccl 6:9 better is sight of the eyes than outgoing of desire

4. other figurative uses: depart from מִפְּנֵי Hos 11:2 (from prophets as God's messengers; opposed to קָרָא); go into, הָֽלְכוּ בַכְּלִמָּה Isa 45:16 they have gone into confusion (judgment on idol-makers); etc. Niph`al Perfect 1 singular כְּצֵל כִּנְטוֺתוֺ נֶהֱלָ֑כְּתִּי Ps 109:23 like a shadow when it stretches out I am gone (compare היה Niph`al) Pi`el (chiefly in poetry & late) Perfect הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Ps 131:1 הִלָּ֑כְּתִּי Ps 38:7 3 plural הִלְּכוּ Job 24:10; Lam 5:18 Imperfect יְהַלֵךְ Ezek 18:9 + 2 t.; וַיְהַלֵּךְ 1Kgs 21:27 1 singular אֲהַלֵךְ Ps 86:11 + 2 t.; 3 masculine plural יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ Hab 3:11 + 2 t.; יְהַלֵּכ֑וּן Ps 89:16 + 2 t.; 1 plural נְהַלֵךְ Ps 55:15; Isa 59:9 Imperative הַלֵךְ Eccl 11:9 Participle מְהַלֵךְ Prov 6:11; Ps 104:3 מְהַלְּכִים Eccl 4:15 —

1. walk in or with a throng followed by בְּ local: נְהַלֵךְ בְּרָ֑גֶשׁ ׳בְּבֵית א Ps 55:15 walk, tread on coals עַלהַֿגֶּחָלִים Prov 6:28 of idols Ps 115:7 they do not walk, have not the power of walking (compare יִצְעָ֑דוּ Jer 10:5); of one tramping, formidable, simile of poverty וּבָאכִֿמְהַלֵּךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ Prov 6:11, — a highwayman according to Ges Ew Hi Now, compare ᵐ5; || מַחְסֹרְךָ כְּאִישׁ מָנֵן compare also Hithpa`el Prov 24:34); of ׳י walking (in majesty), marching, לְַכַּֿנְפֵי רוּחַ Ps 104:3 on the wings of the wind; of righteousness, personified, צֶדֶק לְפָנָיו יְהַלֵךְ Ps 85:14 of wisdom בְּאֹרַה צְדָקָה אֲהַלֵךְ Prov 8:20 in the path of righteousness do I walk (stedfastly, unswervingly); of animals, go about, prowl, עַל הַרצִֿיּוֺן שֶׁח֯שָּׁמֵם שׁוּעָלִים הִלְּכוּ ב֑וֺ (Qr שֶּׁשָּׁמֵם) Lam 5:18, of ships, in (stately) movement Ps 104:26 of springs Ps 104:10 between mountains they go (run, flow); of arrows Hab 3:11 at the light of thine arrows that go (fly, shoot; compare Hithpa`el Ps 77:18).

2. also of walking about = living הַמְֿהַלְּכִים תַּחַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Eccl 4:15 עָרוֺם הִלְּכוּ בְּלִי לְבוּשׁ Job 24:10 nacked they keep going about (frequently), without clothing; so of going about as mourner קֹדֵר הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Ps 38:7 (compare Qal Ps 42:10); בַּאֲפֵלוֺת נְהַלֵךְ Isa 59:9 in darkness we walk (of distress); on the other hand בְּאוֺר פָּנֶיךָ יְהַלֵּכ֑וּן Ps 89:16 (of blessedness & prosperity).

3. depart, go entirely away (מִן) מִמְּקוֺם קָדוֺשׁ יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ Eccl 8:10 from the holy place they must depart (on text compare VB; || וְיִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ בָעִיר).

4. figurative of mode of life, action, etc.: of particular path of one's life בְּאֹרַחזֿוּ אֲהַלֵךְ Ps 142:4 specifically in good sense וַיְהַלֵּךְ אַ֑ט 1Kgs 21:27 and he (Ahad) walked softly (as a penitent); oftener with בְּ of path in which: בִּדְרָכַי יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ Ps 81:14 that in my ways they would walk ! compare Ps 86:11 (בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ), Ezek 18:9 (בְּחֻקּוֺתַי); in bad or doubtful sensse וְהַלֵךְ בְּדַרְכֵי לִבְּךָ וּבְמַרְאֵי עֵינֶי֑ךָ Eccl 11:9 compare also לֹא הִלַּכְּתּי בִּגְדֹלֹת Ps 131:1 I do not walk (move, tread) among great things (|| וּבְנִפְלָאוֺת מִמֶּנִּי; figurative of humility, compare also v^a). Hithpa`el Perfect הִתְהַלָּךְֿ Gen 6:9; 1Sam 30:31 וְהִתְהַלֵךְ consecutive Exod 21:19; 1Sam 2:35 2 masculine singular הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתָּ Ezek 28:14; Job 38:16 1 singular הִתְהַלַּכְּתִּי Gen 24:40 + 5 t., etc.; Imperfect יִתְהַלֵךְ Prov 23:31 יִתְהַלָּ֑ךְ Job 18:8; Job 22:14 1 singular אֶתְהַלֵּךְ Ps 43:2 + 2 t.; וְאֶתְהַלְּכָה Ps 119:45 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלְּכוּ 1Sam 2:30 + 2 t.; וַיִּתְהַלְּכוּ Judg 21:24 + 3 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ 1Sam 23:13 + 3 t.; יִתְהַלָּכ֑וּן Ps 12:9 3 feminine plural וַתִּתְהַלַּכְנָה Zech 6:7, etc.; Imperative הִתְהַלַּךְ Gen 13:17; Gen 17:1 הִתְהַלְּכוּ Josh 18:8; Zech 6:7 Infinitive (לְ)הִתְהַלֵּךְ Ps 56:14 + 4 t.; suffix הִתְהַלֶּכְךָ Prov 6:22 Participle מִתְהַלֵּךְ Gen 3:8 + 7 t.; feminine singular מִתְהַלֶּכֶת Ezek 1:13 masculine plural מִתְהַלְּכִים 1Sam 25:27 — walk, walk about, move to and fro:

1. literal
a. traverse, in this direction and that, Gen 13:17 (J; בָּאָרֶץ) Josh 18:4 (JE), vJosh 18:8 (id.; ׳בָּאָרֶץ לְכוּ וְהִתְה compare Job 1:7 = Job 2:2 (both || שׁוּט) Zech 1:10; Zech 1:11 similarly also 1Chr 21:4 of fiery appearance in Ezekiel's vision בֵּין הַחַיּוֺת ׳מִתְה Ezek 1:13 of horses in Zechariah's vision Zech 6:7 (בָּאָרֶץ ׳לָלֶכֶת לְהִתְ), vZech 6:7 (׳לְכוּ הִתְהַלְּכוּ בָּא), vZech 6:7 go in different directions מִשָּׁם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ֗֗֗ אִישׁ לְשִׁבְטוֺ ׳וַיִּתְה Judg 21:24 (|| וַיֵּצְאוּ מִשָּׁם etc.); so of lightning flashes as arrows of ׳י Ps 77:18 went hither & thither; of water running off different ways Ps 58:8 (simile of vanishing of wicked).
b. walk, walk about הִתְהַלֵךְ בַּחוּץ עַלמִֿשְׁעַנְתּוֺ Exod 21:19 (JE) i.e. leaning upon his staff; Prov 6:22 (distinguished from שָׁבַב, חֵקִיץ); 2Sam 11:2 (עַלגַֿנּ בֵּית הַמֶּלָךְ); וּבְחֵקֶר תְּהוֺם הִתְהֵלָּ֑כְתָּ Job 38:16 and in the farthest ground of the deep hast thou walked ? בְּתוֺךְ אַבְנֵיאֵֿשׁ הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתָּ Ezek 28:14 so also of ׳י walking on earth, in anthropomorphic conception אֱלֹהִים מִתְהַלֵךְ ׳קוֺל י בַּגָּן Gen 3:8 (J) the sound of ׳י Elohim walking about in the garden; of God (El) וְחוּג שָׁמַיִם יִתְהַלָּ֑ךְ Job 22:14 and the vault of heaven he walketh; walk about in front of (לִפְנֵי) Esth 2:11 attend, follow, of retainers הַמִּתְהַלְּכִים בְּרַגְלֵי אֲדֹנִי 1Sam 25:27 wander, of Israel מִגּוֺי אֶלגּֿוֺי Ps 105:13 = 1Chr 16:20 rove about, of David and his band אֲשֶׁרהִֿתְהַלֶּךְשָֿׁם 1Sam 30:31 וַיִּתְהַלְּכוּ בַּאֲשֶׁר יִתְּהָלָּ֑כוּ 1Sam 23:13 (on this phrase compare Lag^{Psalt. Hleron. 1874, 156 f.} Dr^Sm); walk about, prowl, of Jehoiachin under figure of lion, ׳וַיִתְה בְּתוֺךְאֲֿרָיוֺת Ezek 19:6 compare also וּבָאמִֿתְהַלֵךְ רֵישֶׁ֑ךָ Prov 24:34 and thy poverty cometh marching (compare Pi`el Prov 6:11); glide, flow of wine בְּמֵישָׁרִים ׳יִתְה Prov 23:31 glideth down smoothly (VB; compare Qal 3 Song 7:10); note especially the following, where emphasis lies not on verb, but on an auxiliary word; these cases form the natural transition to the figurative use: — Ps 12:9 on every side wicked men are walking; בְּצֶלֶם יִתְהָלֶּךְאִֿישׁ Ps 39:7 in appearance (semblance, literally image compare Che^{critical note}.) walketh a man; also לָמָּה קֹדֵר אֶתְהַלֵךְ Ps 43:2 (compare Qal Ps 42:10, Pi`el Ps 38:7; Job 30:28).

2. figurative walk about = live; the king before (לִפְּנֵי) his people 1Sam 12:2, so of Samuel v1Sam 12:2 of priest 1Sam 2:35 (לִפְנֵי מְשִׁיחִי); of friendly intercourse with (אֶת) men 1Sam 25:15 compare כְּרֵעַ כְּאָחלִֿי הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי Ps 35:14 of man's relation to God: especially followed by לִפְנֵי, לְפָנָי וֶהְיֵהתָמִים ׳ה Gen 17:1 (P) walk before me (live constantly in my presence) and (so) be perfect, compare Gen 24:40 (J), Gen 48:15 (E); לְפָנֶיךָ בֶּאֱמֶת וּבְלֵבָכ שָׁלֵם ׳ה 2Kgs 20:3 = Isa 38:3 as token of divine favour יִתְהַלְּכוּ לְפָנַי עַדעֿוֺלָם 1Sam 2:20 (see especially Dr, on sense here & elsewhere); Ps 116:9 בְּאַרְצוֺת הַחַיִּים ׳אֶתְּהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי י, Ps 56:14 (בְּאוֺר הַחַיִּים); בִּשְׁמוֺ ׳יִתְה Zech 10:12 they shall walk in his name; with אֶת, of Enoch and Noah אֶתהָֿאֱלֹחִים ׳ה Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9 (denoting intimacy, fellowship: all P); further בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ ׳ה Ps 26:3 I have walked in thy faithfulness; בְּתֻמּוֺ ׳מִתְה צַדִּיק Prov 20:7 he that walketh justly in his (own) integrity; בְּתָםלְֿבָבִי בְּקֶרֶב בֵּיתִּי ׳אֶתְה Ps 101:2 compare also Ps 119:45 and let me walk in a large place (untrammelled, undismayed); of the wicked מִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּאֲשָׁמָיו Ps 68:22 onegoing on in his guilty deeds; ׳בַּחֲשֵׁכָה יִתְה Ps 82:5 they walk in darkness (|| לֹא יָָֽדְעוּ וְלֹא יָבִינוּ); of their exposure ׳עַלשְֿׁבָכָה יִתְה Job 18:8 he walketh on net-work, (snare, compare שׂבכה; || שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו); especially of ׳י as accompanying Israel בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֶךָ ׳מִתְח Deut 23:15 walk in the midst, etc., בְּתוֺכְכֶם Lev 26:12; 2Sam 7:7 wherever (בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר) I have walked with (among בְּ) all (the sons of) Israel = 1Chr 17:6 as inhabiting a tent, on the march, וָּאֶהְיֶה מִתְהַלֵּךְ בְּאֹהֶל וּבְמִשְׁכָּ֑ן 2Sam 7:6 and I was walking in a tent and in a tabernacle. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺלִיךְ (as if from ילך, i.e. a verb פו֞, compare references below Qal Imperfect above) 2Kgs 24:15 suffix הוֺלִיכְךָ Deut 8:2, וְהוֺלִיכוֺ consecutive Prov 16:29, etc.; Imperfect יוֺלִיךְ Eccl 10:20, יוֺלִךְ Jer 32:5 jussive יוֺלֵךְ Deut 28:36 שֶׁיֹּלֵךְ Eccl 5:14 וַיּוֺ֫לֶךְ Exod 14:21 וַיֹּ֫לֶךְ 2Kgs 6:19 + 2 t.; וַיֹּלַ֖ךְ Lam 3:2 suffix וִיּוֺלִכֵּ נִי Ezek 40:24; Ezek 43:1; Ezek 47:6 1 singular אוֺלִיךְ 2Sam 13:13; Ezek 32:14, cohortative וְאוֺלִיכָה 2Kgs 6:19, וָאוֺלֵךְ Amos 2:10 + 3 t., etc.; Imperative הוֺלֵךְ Num 17:11 feminine singular הֵילִיכִי Exod 2:9 (Bö^{ii. 461, § 1103};; but read probably הוֺלִיכִי Ol^{§ 256, b} Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, 2, R 8); masculine plural הֹלִיכוּ 2Kgs 17:27 Infinitive suffix לְהֹלִיכוֺ 2Chr 36:6 Participle מוֺלִיךְ Jer 2:6 + 4 t.; suffix מוֺלִיכְךָ Deut 8:15, מוֺלִכֵךְ Jer 2:17 מוֺלִיכָם Isa 63:13 feminine plural מוֺלִכוֺת Zech 5:10 —

1. lead, bring: followed by accusative usually of person;
a. with בְּ of space or region through which, Deut 8:15 (Israel in wilderness) Jer 2:6; Ps 136:16, so also Isa 48:21 בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ Jer 2:17 compare Josh 24:3 (E), Isa 63:13; Ps 106:9 also figurative Isa 42:16 and I will lead (the) blind in a way (בְּדֶרֶךְ) they know not;
b. with accusative of person, בְּ of space + accusative of time וָאוֺלֵךְ אֶתְכֶם אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה בַּמִּדְבָּר Deut 29:4 so Amos 2:10 (followed by Infinitive of purpose with לְ).
c. followed by accusative of person + accusative of way, road, Deut 8:2, compare דֶּרֶךְ הַדָּרוֺם Ezek 40:24 (accusative of direction).
d. followed by accusative of person + accusative of place or condition to which אֶתנְֿשֵׁי הַמֶּלֶךְ ֗֗֗ הוֺלִיךְ גּוֺלָה 2Kgs 24:15 the women of the king, etc., he led into exile (מִירוּשָׁלְם בָבֶ֑לָה); so also, of exile וְהוֺלַכְּתִּיהָ הַמִּדְבָּר Hos 2:16 בָּבֶל Jer 32:5 compare of Yahwesh's chastisement, Lam 3:2 me hath he driven and brought, into darkness and not into light; followed by accusative of person + אֶלגֿוֺי ׃אל etc. Deut 28:36 (of exile); אֶלנַֿחֲלֵימַֿיִם Jer 31:9 אֶלהַֿשַּׁעַר Ezek 43:1 אֶלהָֿעֵדָה Num 17:11 (P; implicit object being censer); אֶל of person 2Kgs 6:19; Jer 52:26, עַל in || 2Kgs 25:20 עַל also 1Kgs 1:38 וַיֹּלִכוּ אֹתוֺ עַלגִּֿיחוֺן (see below עַל 7 c β).
e. followed by accusative of person + ָ ה locative: שֹׁמְרֹ֫נָה 2Kgs 6:19 בָּבֶּ֫לָה 2Chr 33:11; 2Chr 36:6 (compare 2Kgs 24:15 above); compare שָׁ֫מָּה 2Kgs 17:27.

2. lead away followed by accusative of person + apposition; מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל Job 12:17 he (׳י) leadeth away counsellors despoiled compare vJob 12:19 of Yahweh's judgment on the wicked Ps 125:5 ׳י will lead them away with (אֶת) the workers of iniquity.

3. carry, bring: with object helpless, or inanimate:
a. + accusative of location, Josiah to Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַם) 2Chr 35:24 (וַיְבִיאֻהוּ in || 2Kgs 23:30); compare Zech 5:10 whither are these carrying the ephah? אָ֫נָה אוֺלִיךְ אֶתחֶֿרְפָּתִי 2Sam 13:13.
b. carry, take, take away, חֵילִיכִי אֶתהַֿיֶּלֶד Exod 2:9 (E; on form compare above); also carry away בְּיָדוֺ, in his hand, Eccl 5:14 of the spread of a careless speech Eccl 10:20 fowl of the heavens shall carry the voice (|| בַּעַל ה֯כְּנָפַיִם יַגֵּיד דָּבָר).

4. figurative, of influence on character: with accusative of person + בְּ into: Prov 16:29 and he will lead him into a way

that is not good (i.e. sinful).

5. a. cause to walk, go, men (i.e. עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל) on (עַל) the mountains of Israel Ezek 36:12 (|| וִירֵשׁוּךָ, וְהָיִיתָ לָהֶם לְנַחֲלָה); compare וָאוֺלֵךְ אֶתְכֶם קוֺמֲמִיּוּת Lev 26:13 and I caused you to walk upright (figurative; opposed to being bowed down by a yoke); Isa 63:12 that caused his glorious arm to go at (לְ) the right hand of Moses.
b. cause to flow, run Ezek 32:14 and rivers like oil will I cause to flow.
c. cause to depart, retire, go back, ׳י, the sea, Exod 14:21 (בְּ instrumental, בְּרוּחַ קָדִים).

BDB4419 H1980

לְךָ = לְכָה Imperative of הָלַךְ q. v.

BDB4423 H1980

לְכָה, לֵ֑כָה Imperative from הָלַךְ q. v.; לְכָה also for לְךָ to thee Gen 27:37.

go, went, walk, walked, come, …

hālak

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

to go, walk, come

(Qal)

to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away

to walk

to traverse

אֶפְר֤וֹשׂ

Root word spread, forth, out, abroad, spreadeth, …

Dictionary form: פָּרַשׂ · paw-RAHS

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), first person singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: i will spread

and spread ×7 and spread forth ×4 spread ×4 and they shall spread ×3 and shall spread ×2 spread forth ×2 spreadeth forth ×2 they shall spread ×2

More options

spread — Most versatile; covers wings, nets, garments, hands.

stretch out — Prefer when extending hands or arms toward something.

unfurl — Vivid for wings or sails being spread wide.

open wide — Good for hands or palms spread in prayer or supplication.

lay out — Suits spreading a cloth, garment, or covering flat.

scatter — Use when the spreading implies dispersal over an area.

BDB6823 H6566

פָּרַשׂ verb spread out, spread (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic ᵑ7 פְּרַס (rare), Syriac ; compare Assyrian parašu, fly (derived species; properly spread [wings]); see also Nö^{ZA i. 417}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳פ Lam 1:10 +; 2 masculine singular וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֫ Job 11:13; Ruth 3:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְרשֹׁ Deut 32:11 +; 3 feminine singular וַתִּפְרשֹׁ 2Sam 17:19, etc.; Participle active פּוֺרֵשׂ Prov 29:5 etc.; passive פָּרֻשׂ Joel 2:2 feminine singular פְּרוּשָׂה Hos 5:1 plural פְּרֻשׂוֺת 1Kgs 8:54 —

1. spread out a garment (שִׂמְלָה) Judg 8:25, + לִפְנֵי person Deut 22:17 — wings Deut 32:11; 1Kgs 6:27 (read כַּנְפֵיהֶם ᵐ5 Sta Kmp Kit Benz), + עַל Jer 49:22 (fig), + אֶל Jer 48:40; 1Kgs 8:7 = 2Chr 5:3 (עַל), + ל Job 39:26, לְמַעְלָה Exod 25:20; Exod 37:9 wings omitted 1Chr 28:18 and perhaps 2Chr 3:13 (strike out כַּנְפֵי Be); of ׳י, עָלָיו אוֺרוֺ ׳פ Job 36:30 spread out writing, לִפְנֵי Pers. 2Kgs 19:14 = Isa 37:14; Ezek 2:10 sail Isa 33:23 fishingnet, מִכְמֶרֶת Isa 19:8 (עַל location); net (רֶשֶׁת) as snare, figurative Hos 5:1 (עַל location), Ps 140:6, לְרַגְלַי Lam 1:13, with עַל person Hos 7:12 (of ׳י, Ezek 12:13 = Ezek 17:20; Ezek 19:8; Ezek 32:3, עַלעְֲָֿמָיו Prov 29:5 כַּפַּיִם ׳פ in prayer, + אַל Exod 9:29; Exod 9:33 (J), 1Kgs 8:38 = 2Chr 6:29; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13, +, ל Ps 44:21, +, הַשָּׁמַיִם 1Kgs 8:22 = 2Chr 6:13 (הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה), 1Kgs 8:54, no complem. 2Chr 6:12 of almsgiving, כַּפָּהּ פָּֽרְשָׂה לֶעָנִי Prov 31:20 יַד ׳פ, with עַל of thing, Lam 1:10 of enemy's greed (si vera lectio, see Bu); spread out = display וּכְסִיל יִפְרשֹׁ אִוֶּלֶת Prov 13:16.

2. spread covering over 2Sam 17:19 (מָסָךְ + עַלפְּֿנֵי of thing), הַמַּכְבֵּר over (עַל) face of another 2Kgs 8:15, כָּנָף skirt, עַל person Ruth 3:9; Ezek 16:8 (figurative of ׳י); בֶּגֶּד with עַל of thing Num 4:7; Num 4:8 :Num 4:11; Num 4:13 with מִלְמָ֑עְלָה v6; כְּסוּי with עַל of thing vNum 4:14 אֶתהָֿאֹהֶל, with עַלהַֿמִּשְׁכָּן Exod 40:19 שַׁחַר פָּרֻשׂ עַלהֶֿהָרִים Joel 2:2 of ׳י עָנָן ׳פ לְמָסָךְ Ps 105:39. — Mic 3:3; Lam 4:4 see פָּרַס. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִכָר֑שׂוּ Ezek 17:21 they shall be scattered לְכָלרֿוּחַ; Ezek 34:12 read probably Participle צאֹן נִפְרָשׂוֺת for שׁוֺת-, Hä Krae; on emendation of context see especially Toy Krae). Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וּפֵרַשׂ Isa 25:11 etc. Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְפָרֵשׂ v11, 3 feminine singular תְּפָרֵשׂ Jer 4:31 Infinitive cstr פָּרֵשׂ Ps 68:15, suffixפָּרִשְׂכֶם Isa 1:15 —

1. spread out:
a. with accusative כַּפַיִם in prayer Isa 1:15; Jer 4:31 so with יָדַיִם Ps 143:6 (׳אֶליֿ), and of ׳י entreating people Isa 65:2 (אֶל); צִיוֹן בְּיָדֶיהָ ׳פ Lam 1:17.
b. spread out hands as in swimming Isa 25:11, and (יָדַיִם omitted) vIsa 25:11.

2. = scatter, (?) subject ׳י, with accusative of person Zech 2:10 (ᵐ5 We Now קִבַּצְתִּי מִ֖, yet see GASm); Ps 68:15, in doubtful connection.

spread, forth, out, abroad, spreadeth, …

pāraś

to break apart, disperse, etc

to spread, spread out, stretch, break in pieces

(Qal)

to spread out, display

to scatter

עֲלֵי הֶם֙

עֲלֵי

Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …

הֶם֙

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: upon

upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137

More options

on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.

over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.

about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.

against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.

concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.

because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Kö^{ii. 261 f.}) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges^{«GKC:103i»§ 103i}, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}, and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
a. —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, v^b Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
(a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , W^{AG ii § 59 e}): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).

(f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.

b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּסךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
(a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.

(b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
(a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , W^{AG ii. § 59}.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone:
(a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
(b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

upon, against, over, in, for, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

(prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

רִשְׁתִּ ֔י

רִשְׁתִּ

Root word net, network

֔י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: רֶשֶׁת · reh-SHET

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my net

a net ×4 my net ×4 the net ×2 and a net ×1 and let his net ×1 for me their net ×1 him into his net ×1 in the net ×1

More options

net — Most versatile; suits fishing, hunting, or trapping contexts.

snare — Emphasizes entrapment; good for metaphorical or poetic passages.

mesh — Highlights the woven structure; fits architectural or decorative uses.

trap — Stresses danger and capture; vivid in enemy/judgment imagery.

network — Best for latticework or decorative grating on the altar/temple.

web — Evokes intricacy; suits poetic imagery of entanglement.

BDB3763 H7568

רֶ֫שֶׁת noun feminine^{Exod 27:5} net; — absolute רֶשֶׁת Hos 5:1 + 11 t.; רָ֑שֶׁת Prov 1:17 construct רֶשֶׁת Exod 27:4; Exod 38:4 suffix רִשְׁתִּי Hos 7:12 + 2 t.; רִשְׁתּוֺ Ps 10:9; Ps 35:8 רִשְׁתָּם Ezek 19:8; Ps 35:7 —

1. net:
a. for catching (birds, etc.) חִנָּם מְזֹרָה הָרָ֑שֶׁת Prov 1:17 to no purpose is the net spread in the eyes of any bird; elsewhere figurative (1) of judgment of ׳י, all with פרשׁ: Hos 7:12 (|| כְּעוֺף הַשָּׁמַיִם אוֺרִידֵם), Ezek 12:13; Ezek 17:20 (both || מְצוּדָתִי), Ezek 32:3 (of ׳י catching Pharaoh, under figure of sea-monster; || II. חֵרֶם); (2) of nations capturing king of Israel under figure of lion Ezek 19:8 (with פרשׁ; || שַׁחְתָּם); (3) of priests and rulers (as entangling people in sin) Hos 5:1 (|| פַּח).
b. spread for feet of man (figurative): (1) by ׳י Lam 1:13 (with פָּרַשׁ); (2) by wicked (= plot) Prov 29:5 (with פרשׁ), Ps 140:6 (c. id.; || טָמַן פַּךְ), Ps 10:9; Ps 25:15, שֻׁלַּח בְּדֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Job 18:8 (|| שְׂבָכָה); elsewhere with טמן Ps 9:16 (|| שַׁחַת), Ps 31:5; Ps 35:7 (שַׁחַת רִשְׁתָּם), vPs 31:8 with הֵכִין Ps 57:7 (|| שִׁיחָה).

2. brazen network for altar of tabernacle הָרֶשֶׁת Exod 27:4; Exod 27:5 נְחשֶׁת ׳מִכְבָּר מַעֲשֵׂה ר Exod 27:4 = Exod 38:4 (all P). — On Infinitive רֶשֶׁת, see ירשׁ above

BDB8133 H7568

רֶ֫שֶׁת net, see ירשׁ.

net, network

rešet

a net (as catching animals)

net

net

for catching

כְּ ע֥וֹף

כְּ

Prefix — preposition like, as

ע֥וֹף

Root word fowls, fowl, birds, bird, flying, …

Dictionary form: עוֹף · ope

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: as the fowls

fowl ×9 the fowls ×8 fowls ×7 unto the fowls ×4 for the fowls ×3 shall the fowls ×3 the birds ×3 and over the fowl ×2

More options

bird — Most natural modern singular; broadly understood.

birds — Best default plural for most narrative contexts.

flying creature — Captures the root sense of flight; poetic or inclusive contexts.

winged creature — Emphasizes physical trait; useful in creation or legal texts.

wildlife of the air — Collective sense; good for dominion or ecological passages.

BDB5895 H5775

עוֺף₇₀ noun masculine^{Gen 40:17} collective flying creatures, fowl, insects; — ׳ע absolute Gen 1:20 +, construct vGen 1:21 +; —

1. fowl, birds, Gen 40:17; Gen 40:19 (E), Gen 7:8 (J), Gen 1:20; Gen 1:22 (P), 1Kgs 5:13 +; especially (38 t.) הַשָּׁמַיִם ׳ע fowl of sky, Gen 2:19; Gen 2:20 (J), Gen 1:26; Gen 1:28; Gen 1:30 (P), Hos 2:20; Eccl 10:20 +, carrion birds 1Sam 17:44; 1Sam 17:46; 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 14:11 + 11 t.; הָרִים ׳ע Ps 50:11, נוֺדֵד ׳ע Isa 16:2, ׳כִּכְלוּב מָלֵא ע Jer 5:27 redundantly כָּנָף ׳ע fowl of wing Gen 1:21 (P), Ps 78:27 (for food); for food also Lev 7:26 (P), Lev 17:13; Lev 20:25 (both H), compare Lev 11:13; Lev 11:46 (H, clean and unclean); for offering Gen 8:20 (J; הַטָּהוֺר ׳הָע), Lev 1:14 (P).

2. winged insects (clean and unclean) הַהֹלֵךְ עַלאַֿרְבַּע ׳שֶׁרֶץ הָע Lev 11:20; Lev 11:21 (H), ׳הָע ׳שׁ Deut 14:19, so probably ׳הָע alone vDeut 14:20 ׳הָע ׳שׁ אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָ֑ יִם Lev 11:23 (H).

fowls, fowl, birds, bird, flying, …

ʿôp

a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively

flying creatures, fowl, insects, birds

fowl, birds

הַ שָּׁמַ֖יִם

הַ

Prefix — article the

שָּׁמַ֖יִם

Root word heaven, heavens, air

Dictionary form: שָׁמַיִם · shaw-ma-YIM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: of the heaven

heaven ×76 of heaven ×74 the heavens ×50 the heaven ×22 of the heaven ×20 of the air ×19 from heaven ×15 in heaven ×15

More options

sky — Best for atmospheric or visible dome contexts.

heavens — Modernized plural; suits poetic or cosmic scope.

heaven — Theological or divine dwelling; singular register.

atmosphere — Technical/scientific contexts; birds, weather, air.

cosmos — Emphasizes vast, ordered universe; rare but vivid.

firmament — Retains ancient cosmological feel; use sparingly.

BDB8792 H8064

[שָׁמַי]noun masculine^{Deut 33:28} only plural שָׁמַ֫יִם₄₂₁ (Sta^{§324 a}) heavens, sky (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šamû plural šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, compare Phoenician שמם; Sabean סמה Hom^{Chr 46, 124}; Arabic Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא ; Palmyrene, Nabataean שמ(י)ן in proper name (compounded with בעל) Lzb¹⁵³ GACooke⁴⁵; on plural form see Ba^{ZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.}); — absolute ׳שׁ Gen 1:1 +, מָ֑יִם- Gen 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Exod 9:8 +; construct שְׁמֵי Deut 10:14 + 9 t.; suffix שָׁמֶיךָ Ps 8:4 +2 t., שָׁמָיו Deut 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19, with verb plural, Hos 2:23 —

1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Judg 5:20; Gen 15:5 (J), Deut 4:19; Gen 1:14; Gen 1:15; Gen 1:17 (P), hence ׳כּוֺכְבֵי הַשּׁ Gen 22:17 (JE) = 9 t. (usually as countless), ׳(כָּלֿ) צְבָא הַשּׁ Deut 4:19; Jer 8:2 + ( ׳צ 1 c; rarely of angels, ׳צ 1 b; before which fowl fly Gen 1:20 (P), compare Deut 4:17; Jer 8:7; Prov 30:19, ׳עוֺף הַשּׁ Gen 2:19 (J), Gen 1:19 (P) + (עוֺף 1), ׳צִפֹּר שׁ Ps 8:9, ׳נִשְׁרֵי שׁ Lam 4:19 as רָקִיע (q. v.) Gen 1:8 (P), Ps 19:2, with waters beneath and above Gen 1:9 (P, compare vGen 1:7), Ps 148:4, darkened with clouds 1Kgs 18:45, cleared by wind Job 26:13 whence comes rain Gen 8:2 (J), Judg 5:4; Deut 11:11 +, and dew Gen 27:28 (J), vGen 27:39 (E), Deut 33:28 (poem) +. compare ׳בִּרְכֹת שׁ Gen 49:25 (poem in J), ׳מֶגֶר שׁ Deut 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); Job 1:16 + (see also 2 a below); ׳הֹבְרֵישׁ Isa 47:13, i.e. astrologers, compare ׳אוֺתוֺתהַשּׁ Jer 10:2 as high Gen 11:4 (J), Amos (:2 (opposed to שְׁאוֺל), vGen 11:6 (opposed to אֶרֶץ) +, ׳עַדלֵֿב הַשּׁ Deut 4:11as over all the earth, ׳תַּחַת (כָּלֿ)הַשּׁ Gen 6:17; Gen 7:19 (both P), Deut 2:25; Eccl 1:13 ׳מִתַּחַת וגו (of extermination) Exod 17:14 (E), Deut 7:24; Deut 9:14 +; specifically of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ Deut 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19 (H); וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ ׳בֵּין הַשּׁ 2Sam 18:9 (hung from tree), 1Chr 21:16 (of angel), compare Ezek 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zech 5:9 (flying ephah); וְעַדקְֿצֵה ׳מִקְּצֵה הַשּׁ ׳הַשּׁ of limits of horizon Deut 4:32, compare Deut 30:4; Neh 1:9; Ps 19:7 as made by God Jer 51:15 (opposed to תֵּבֵל), Ps 8:4 + enduring Deut 11:21; Job 14:12; Ps 89:30 especiallyוְ(הָ)אָרֶץ ׳(הַ)שּׁ = universe (compare in Sabean, SabDenkm^{No.41.42, l.3}) Deut 3:24; Gen 1:1 (P) + (especially Deuteronomy, Isa², Psalms), + הַיָם Exod 20:11; Hag 2:6, etc., + מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ Exod 20:4= Deut 5:8,.compare Prov 30:4, etc.; opposed to תְּהוֺם Prov 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ vProv 8:29) חֲרָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשָׁה ׳שׁ as part of future glory Isa 65:17; Isa 66:22.
b. phrases are: ׳אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשּׁ (letting rain through) Gen 7:11; Gen 8:2 (P), Mal 3:10 (figurative), compare ׳בַּשּׁ ׳א ׳הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י 2Kgs 7:2; 2Kgs 7:19, so ׳דַּלְתֵי שׁ Ps 78:23 (for manna), compare ׳דְָּגַן שׁ, vPs 78:24, ׳לֶחֶם שׁ Ps 105:40 ׳מוֺסְדוֺת הַשּׁ 2Sam 22:8 (|| הָאָרֶץ; in || Ps 18:8 חָרִים ׳מ), ׳עַמּוּרֵי שׁ Job 26:11, ׳חוּג שׁ Job 22:14 towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Josh 8:20(J), Exod 9:8; Exod 9:10 (P), Job 2:12; Judg 13:20; Judg 20:40; 2Chr 6:13 עַלהַֿשָּׁמַיִם Exod 9:22; Exod 9:23; Exod 10:21; Exod 10:22(all E), ׳אֶלשֿׁ Deut 32:40 (poem), Dan 12:7, ׳שׁ alone 1Kgs 8:22; 1Kgs 8:54; Job 35:5; Prov 23:5.

2. a. as abode of God (׳י) 1Kgs 8:30; 1Kgs 8:32 + often, where he sits enthroned Ps 2:3; Isa 66:1, etc., compare ׳רֹכֵבשׁ Deut 33:26(poem), Ps 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Gen 19:24 (J), bread Exod 16:4 (E), compare Neh 9:15, casts hailstones Josh 11:11 (E), talks with Israel Exod 20:22 (E; Gi vExod 20:19) +, compare Gen 21:17; Gen 22:11; Gen 22:15 (E), looks down Deut 26:15 +, hears his people Ps 20:7+ 10 t. Chronicles, etc.; he thunders ׳בַּשּׁ 1Sam 2:10; Ps 18:14,|| ׳מִןשֿׁ 2Sam 22:14 he bends (נטה) ׳שׁ to come down v2Sam 22:10= Ps 18:10, compare Ps 144:5 and (rend) Isa 63:19 ׳נִפְּתְּחוּ הַשּׁ Ezek 1:1 in vision of God, compare ׳שַׁעַר הַשּׁ Gen 28:17 (E; + בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); though even ׳שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ the highest heuvens cannot hold him Deut 10:14; 1Kgs 8:27 2 Chron 6:18, 2Chr 2:5; Neh 9:6; Ps 148:4, שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵיקֶֿדֶם Ps 68:34 he is called ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַשּׁ (post-exilic title) Ezra 1:2 = 2Chr 36:23 + 11 t. Ezra Nehemiah; Jonah 1:9 (compare Aramaic, Dan 2:18; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:44 in Gen 24:7 add with ᵐ5 וֵאלֹהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as vGen 24:3), ׳אֵלהַֿשׁ Ps 136:26 his sword is ׳בַּשׁ Isa 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד Ps 36:6, צֶדֶק Ps 85:12, אֱמוּנָח Ps 89:3, his word fixed Ps 119:89. — ׳שׁ are שָׁמָיו (of Israel) Deut 33:28 (poem), שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19 שָׁמֶיךָ Ps 8:4; Ps 144:5, ׳שְׁמֵי י Lam 3:66, קָדְשׁוֺ ׳שׁ Ps 20:7.
b. Elijah taken up ׳הַשּׁ in whirlwind 2Kgs 2:1, compare v2Kgs 2:11.

3. ׳הַשּׁ personified in various relations Isa 1:2; Jer 2:12; Job 15:15; Ps 19:2; Ps 50:6 = Ps 97:6; Ps 89:6; Ps 148:4.

4. מְלֶכֶת ׳הַשּׁ see ׳מ p. 573.

I, II. שַׁמָּה see שׁמם. שָׂ֫מָּה see שָׁם.

BDB9965 H8064 H8065

[שְׁמַ֫יִן] noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew [שָׁמַי], שָׁמַיִם, √ שׁמה); — always emphatic שְׁמַיָּא:

1. visible sky Jer 10:11; Dan 4:8; Dan 4:10; Dan 4:17; Dan 4:19; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:27; Dan 4:28 ׳עוֺף שׁ Dan 2:38 ׳צִפֲּרֵי שׁ Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 ׳טַל שׁ v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20 v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21 ׳רוּחֵי שׁ Dan 7:2 winds of the sky; ׳עֲנָנֵי שׁ vDan 7:13 heavens + earth = universe Jer 10:11, where God shews signs Dan 6:28.

2.heavens as abode of God Dan 2:28; Dan 4:31, hence, figurative, as ruling v.Dan 4:23 (׳שׁ sometimes = God in Late Hebrew, J, Aramaic, D^{Worte Jesu 179; Eng.Tr.218 f.}); as abode of angels v.Dan 4:32 (Dr); elsewhere in phrase ׳אֱלָהּ שׁ Dan 2:18; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:44; Ezra 5:11; Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21; Ezra 7:23 (twice in verse), ׳מֶלֶךְ שׁ Dan 4:34, ׳מָרֵא שׁ Dan 5:23.

heaven, heavens, air

šāmayim

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)

heaven, heavens, sky

visible heavens, sky

as abode of the stars

אֽוֹרִידֵ ֑ם

אֽוֹרִידֵ

Root word down, descended, descend, went, come, …

֑ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: יָרַד · yaw-RAHD

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), first person singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: them i will bring them down

came down ×23 went down ×23 come down ×17 go down ×17 them that go down ×10 and went down ×9 shall come down ×9 to go down ×6

More options

go down — Most neutral, general-purpose rendering for movement downward.

descend — Slightly formal; good for elevated or ceremonial contexts.

come down — Preferred when motion is toward the speaker or reader.

drop down — Useful for rapid or sudden downward movement.

sink — Best when subject gradually lowers, e.g. into water or despair.

go down to — Idiomatic for traveling to a lower-elevation destination, e.g. Egypt.

BDB3717 H3381

יָרַד₃₈₀ verb come or go down, descend (Late Hebrew id.; MI³² וארד and רד; Assyrian arâdu, Dl^{HWB 240}; Arabic come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic descend; Sabean ורד and הורד id., DHM in MV) —

Qal₃₀₆ Perfect יָרַד Exod 19:18 +; יְרַד Judg 5:13 (twice in verse) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד Judg 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Imperfect יֵרֵד Gen 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Gen 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2Sam 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּ֫רֶד (אֵשׁׅ 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12 תּרַד Jer 13:17; Lam 3:48 תֵּדֵֿ֔ Isa 34:5; Isa 63:14 תֵּרֵ֑ד Ezek 26:11 (יוֺרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Gen 24:16 + 7 t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּרֵד Gen 26:2 + 5 t. + 1Sam 20:19, where read תִּפָּקֵד We Dr., compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7; 1 singular אֵרֵד Gen 37:35 + 3 t.; וָאֵרֵד Exod 3:8 + 3 t.; cohortative אֵרְדָהנָֿא Gen 18:21 יֵרְדוּ 1Sam 13:12 + 4 t.; וַיֵּרְדוּ Gen 42:3 + 19 t.; 3 feminine plural תֵּרַדְנָה Jer 14:17 + 2 t.; 1 plural נֵרֵד Gen 43:5 cohortative נֵרְדָה Gen 11:7 + 2 t.; וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2Kgs 10:13 Imperative רֵד Exod 19:21 +; רְדָה Gen 45:9; Ezek 32:19 רֵ֑דָה 2Kgs 1:9; 2Kgs 1:11 feminine singular רְדִי Jer 48:18; Isa 47:1 masculine plural רְדוּ Gen 42:2 + 5 t.; Infinitive absolute יָרֹד Gen 43:20 construct רֶ֫דֶת Gen 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה Gen 46:3 (see Kö^{i. 402}); suffix רִדְתִּי Ps 30:10, etc. (in Ps 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֺרְדֵי, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Che Bae, see Ol^{§§ 160 b, 245d}); Participle יוֺרֵד Judg 9:36 +; feminine singular יֹרְדָה Lam 1:16 (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת Eccl 3:21; 1Sam 25:30, etc.; —

1. a. come or go down: from (מִן) a mountain Exod 19:14; Exod 32:1; Exod 32:15 (all E), Exod 34:29 (twice in verse) (JE), Deut 9:15; Deut 10:5; Num 20:28 (P) +; absolute Exod 19:21; Exod 19:24 (J), vExod 19:25 (J; with אֶל person); from the air, of birds, followed by עַל Gen 15:11 (JE).
b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, absolute Judg 5:14 followed by לָעֵמֶק Judg 1:34 followed by לַשְּׁעָרִים Judg 5:11 followed by אֶל vJudg 5:10 vJudg 5:11, compare 1Sam 17:8 (followed by אֶל person); followed by לִקְרַאת Judg 7:24 followed by אַחֲרֵי person 1Sam 14:36 followed by ב location Judg 7:9 בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְפָּה 1Sam 26:10, compare 1Sam 29:4; 1Sam 30:24 of single combat, וַיַּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2Sam 23:21 = 1Chr 11:23.
c. go down to (accusative) threshing-floor, Ruth 3:3; Ruth 3:5 (from David's palace) to Uriah's house (אֶל) 2Sam 11:9; 2Sam 11:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 11:13 from temple to (accusative) king's house Jer 36:12 (+ עַללִֿשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּיתמֶֿלֶךְ יְהוּדָח Jer 22:1, etc.
d. go down (absolute) from Palestine to Egypt Gen 42:3 (E), vGen 42:38 (J) + 6 t. J E; followed by אֵלַי Gen 45:9 (E); followed by מִעְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 46:3; Gen 46:4 (E), Gen 12:10; Gen 26:2 (both J), Num 20:15 (JE); followed by מִצְרֵיִם Josh 24:4 (E), Gen 43:15 (J), Isa 30:2; Isa 31:1; Isa 52:4 followed by שָׁמָּה Gen 42:2 (E) ; so to Philistine cities Judg 14:19; Judg 16:31; 1Sam 13:20; Amos 6:2.
e. from Jerusalem, absolute Judg 1:9; 1Kgs 1:25; Neh 6:3; 2Chr 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2Kgs 8:21 = 2Kgs 9:26 = 2Chr 22:6 to Samaria 1Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 18:2 (to Gihon) 1Sam 1:38, etc. feminine from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֺת הַחַטָּאת Lev 9:22 (P); from chariot, with מֵעַל Judg 4:15 from ass, with מֵעַל 1Sam 25:23 from throne, with מֵעַל Ezek 26:16, absolute Isa 47:1, compare רְדִי מִכָּבוֺד Jer 48:18 from ships, with מִן Ezek 27:29 from bed, with מִן 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16 (all opposed to עלה).
g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה Gen 24:16; Gen 24:45 (J); followed by לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Exod 2:5 (E), compare (absolute) 2Kgs 5:14 followed by accusative הַסֶּלַע 1Sam 23:25 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם Isa 42:10 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֺת Ps 107:23 absolute (into pit or well) 2Sam 23:30 = 1Chr 11:22, followed by שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2Sam 17:18. וְיָרַדְתִּי֯ Judg 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי (√ רוד, wander about), RS in Bla.
h. = sink, in water יָָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֺלוֺת כְּמוֺאָֿ֑בֶן Exod 15:5 (song in E); לְקִצְבֵי הָרַים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7 more generally, opposed to rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵָֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֺת Ps 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֺמוֺת Ps 107:26.
i. go down to She'ôl: followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה Gen 37:35 (J; + אֶלבְּֿנִי), Num 16:30; Num 16:33 (JE), Ezek 31:15; Ezek 31:17 followed by שְׁאוֺל Ezek 32:27; Ps 55:16; Job 7:6 (opposed to עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Job 17:16 absolute Isa 5:14; Ezek 32:19 (|| הָשְׁכְּבָה), vEzek 32:21 vEzek 32:30, Ps 49:15 (followed by אַחֲרָיו); יָָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ezek 32:24 followed by שַׁחַת Job 33:24, אֶלשַֿׁחַת Ps 30:10 followed by בּוֺר Ps 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי); יוֺרְדֵי אֶלאַֿבְנֵיבֿוֺר Isa 14:19 ; יוֺרְדֵי בוֺר Ps 28:1; Ezek 26:20 (twice in verse) (|| אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת) + 11 t. (see בּוֺר); יוֺרְדֵי עָפָר Ps 22:30 יוֺרְדֵי דוּמָה Ps 115:17 (|| הַמֵּתִים); רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Prov 5:5, compare Prov 7:27 (|| דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֺל); note also מִי יוֺדֵעַר֗֗֗וּךְַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמִטָּה לָאָרֶץ Eccl 3:21 (opposed to הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָ֑עְלָה; read חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss, see VB).
j. figurative יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Isa 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears (|| יְיֵלֵיל; compare 3 c).
k. = be prostrated, absolute, of horses and riders Hag 2:22, compare Isa 34:7, perhaps also Jer 48:15; Jer 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח); forest Isa 32:19; Zech 11:2 city Deut 20:20; Lam 1:9 wall Deut 28:52 nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Deut 28:43 (opposed to עלה); מַצֵּבוֺת Ezek 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ (where Co ויחרדו).

2. of divine manifestations: descend, of ׳י in theoph. [על ההר֑]יָרַד עָלָיו בָּאֵשׁ ׳י Exod 19:11; Exod 19:18 (E), vExod 19:20 (J; אֶלרֿאֹשׁ הָהָר), compare Neh 9:13 צְבָאוֺת לִצְבּאֹ עַלהַֿרצִֿיּוֺן ׳יֵרֵד י Isa 31:4 absolute Gen 11:5; Gen 11:7; Gen 18:21; Exod 3:8 (all J), Num 11:17 (JE), 2Sam 22:10 = Ps 18:10 (compare Ps 144:5), Mic 1:3; Isa 63:19; Isa 64:2 וַיֵּרֶד בֶּעָנָן ׳י Exod 34:5; Num 11:25, compare Num 12:5 (all J E); of pillar of cloud Exod 33:9 (JE); מִי עָלָהשָֿׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֓ד Prov 30:4 of angels on סֻלָּם; עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֺ Gen 28:12 (E).

3. of inanimate things:
a. hail with עַל person Exod 9:19 (J); dew with עַל location Num 11:9 (JE), Ps 133:3 rain (as אָבָק and עָפָר), followed by מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על person Deut 28:24, so in simile of future king יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַלגֵּֿז Ps 72:6 of גְּשֶׁם and שֶׁלֶג, with מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם Isa 55:10 manna (with עַל location) Num 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן) heaven 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1, absolute 2Chr 7:3.
b. waters, flowing down הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִןהָֿהָר Deut 9:21, compare Josh 3:13 (followed by מִלְמָ֑עָלָה), vJosh 3:16 followed by עַליַֿם הָעֲרָבָה vJosh 3:16 עַלהָֿעֲרָבָה Ezek 47:8 followed by מִן Ezek 47:1.
c. tears, פַּלְגֵימַֿיִם יָָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י Ps 119:36, and so Lam 3:48 also עֵינִי יֹרְדָה מַיִם Lam 1:16, and so Jer 9:17; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:17 (compare also Isa 15:3, 1 j).
d. of oil descending upon (על) beard, etc. Ps 133:2 (twice in verse).
e. of shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8 (twice in verse). feminine of boundary going down (from or to a place) Josh 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Num 34:11 (twice in verse); Num 34:12; Josh 15:10; Josh 16:7; Josh 17:9; Josh 18:13; Josh 18:16.
g. come down, absolute of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Jer 13:18.
h. pride of power Ezek 30:6.
i. of calamity ׳מֵאֵת י Mic 1:12 עַלדְֿקְדוֺ חֲמָסוֺ יֵרֵד Ps 7:17 of sword descending on (על) Edom Isa 34:5.
j. figurative of words of talebearer; יָרְדוּ חַדְרֵיבָּֿ֑טֶן Prov 18:8 = Prov 26:22. — See also above 1 k.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺרִד 2Kgs 16:17 וְהוֺרִיד consecutive Amos 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד); 2 masculine singular וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ 1Kgs 2:9 2 feminine singular suffix הוֺרַדְתֵּנִי Josh 2:18 (see Baer^n. and Kö^{i. 412}); הוֺרִידוּ 1Sam 6:15; Lam 2:10 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺרֶד Judg 7:5 + 5 t. (+ 1Kgs 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד for וַיָּרֶד, see רדד); suffix יוֺרִידֵנִי Obad 1:3 יוֺרִדֵהוּ 1Sam 30:16; 1Kgs 17:23 וַיֹּרִדֵם 1Kgs 18:40 2 masculine singular וְלֹא תּוֺרֵד 1Kgs 2:6 suffix (הֲ)תוֺרִדֵנִי 1Sam 30:15, תּוֺרִדֵם Ps 55:24 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הִוֺרֵד Exod 33:5 + 2 t.; suffix הוֺרִדֵהוּ Ezek 32:18 הוֺרִידֵמוֺ Ps 59:12 feminine singular הוֺרִידִי Lam 2:18 masculine plural הוֺרִידוּ Gen 43:7; Gen 43:11 suffix הוֺרִדֻהוּ Gen 44:21 Infinitive construct לְהוֺרִיד Gen 37:25 suffix הוֺרִדִי Ezek 31:16 Participle מוֺרִיד 1Sam 2:6 מֹרִיד 2Sam 22:48 — cause to come or go down:

1. a. bring down (to Egypt), with accusative of person + שָׁ֫מָּה Gen 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה Gen 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי Gen 44:21 absolute Gen 43:7 with accusative of thing Gen 43:11 + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 37:25 absolute Gen 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Deut 1:25 (followed by אֵלֵינוּ); to (אֶל) Amalekites 1Sam 30:15 (twice in verse); absolute v1Sam 30:16 bring down (object person or thing) אָלהַֿמַּיִם Judg 7:4; Judg 7:5 אֶלנַֿ֫חַל Deut 21:4; 1Kgs 18:40 יָ֫מָּה 1Kgs 5:23 to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה) Judg 16:21 from Jerusalem to Gihon, with עַל (Qr אֶל) 1Kgs 1:33 to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל) Joel 1Kgs 4:2 from (מִן) temple (to king's house) 2Kgs 11:19 = 2Chr 23:20 from (מֵעַל) altar 1Kgs 1:53 from (מִן) upper chamber, followed by הַבַּ֫יְתָה 1Kgs 17:23 from (מִן) the heavens Amos 9:2 Edom, from (מִן) nest in rocks Jer 49:16; Obad 1:4 compare of Israel כְּעוֺף הַשָּׁמַיִם Hos 7:12 with accusative of limit (אֶרֶץ) Obad 1:3 bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ) ships Isa 43:14 (see VB).
b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם) Ezek 34:26, compare Joel 2:23 = cause to flow down, object spittle, וַיּוֺרֶד רִירוֺ אֶלזְֿקָנוֺ 1Sam 21:14 tears הוֺרִידִי כַנַּחל דִּמְעָה Lam 2:18 water-streams וַיּוֺרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֺת מָ֑יִם Ps 78:16.
c. = lay prostrate, prostrate הוֺרִיד מִמֵךְ עֻזֵּךְ Amos 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד), compare Prov 21:22 וְאוֺרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֺשְׁבִים Isa 10:13 of God's casting down peoples Ps 56:8; Isa 63:6 (followed by לָאָרֶץ); מוֺרִיד עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּנוּ 2Sam 22:48 (וַּיַּדְבֵּר in || Ps 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֺחַ Jer 51:40 so Ps 59:12 (si vera lectio; ᵑ6 וַהֲנִידֵמוֺ make them vagabonds, see Lag^{Proph. Chald. (1872), xlviii.} VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr^{2Sam 15:20}).
d. bring down to She'ôl מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֺרִיד שְׁאוֺל וַיָּ֑עַל׃ ׳י 1Sam 2:6 followed by שְׁא(וֺ)ל also 1Kgs 2:6; 1Kgs 2:9 followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה (object grey hair) Gen 42:38; Gen 44:29; Gen 44:31 (all J); compare Ezek 26:30; Ezek 31:16; Ezek 32:18 followed by לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת Ps 55:24 לַשַּׁחַת Ezek 28:8.

2. take down (from cart) 1Sam 6:15 the sea from upon (מֵעַל) the brazen oxen 2Kgs 16:17 corpse from (מִן) tree Josh 8:29, and (מֵעַל) Josh 10:27 (both J E); the מִשְׁכָּן Num 1:51 (P); the פָּרֹכֶת Num 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ Exod 33:5 (JE).

3. let down וַתֹּ֫רֶד כַּדָּהּ עַליָֿדָהּ Gen 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ vGen 24:46, to give one a drink; וַיּוֺרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶתאַֿמְתַּחְתוֺ אָ֑רְצָה Gen 44:11 (all J); object person Josh 2:18, בַּחֶבֶל בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן vJosh 2:15 (both J E); בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן 1Sam 19:12 compare also הוֺרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ ראֹשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם Lam 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground.

Hoph`al Perfect הוּרַד Gen 39:1 + 2 t. + 1Sam 30:34 Kt (Qr Qal Participle); וְהוּרַד consecutive Zech 10:11 2 masculine singular וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ezek 31:18 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תּוּרַד Isa 14:15 —

1. be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה 1Sam 30:24 Kt (see above); to She'ôl הוּרַד שְׁאוֺל גְּאוֺנֶ֖ךָ Isa 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶלשְֿׁאוֺל תּוּרַד אֶליַֿרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר vIsa 14:15 וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ אֶלאֶֿרֶץ תַּחְתִּית Ezek 31:18 וְהוּרַד גְּאוֺן אַשּׁוּר Zech 10:11. — In Amos 3:11 We reads וְהוּרַד ממך (see Hiph`il above)

2. be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן Num 10:17 (P).

down, descended, descend, went, come, …

yārad

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)

to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

(Qal)

to go or come down

to bring down

to be brought down

אַיְסִרֵ ם

אַיְסִרֵ

Root word chastise, chastised, correct, instructed, chasten, …

ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: יָסַר · yaw-SAHR

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), first person singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: i will chastise

will chastise ×3 chasten ×2 chastised ×2 correct ×2 also chastised ×1 and chastise ×1 and instructed ×1 and that when they have chastened ×1

More options

discipline — Broadest modern equivalent; covers correction and training.

correct — Emphasizes setting right; good for instructive contexts.

instruct — Highlights teaching aspect; prefer when tone is formative.

chastise — Retains punitive force; use when penalty is prominent.

punish — Strongest negative register; reserve for divine judgment contexts.

rebuke — Verbal/relational correction; suits prophetic or wisdom literature.

BDB3602 H3256

[יָסַר] verb discipline, chasten, admonish (Talmud ᵑ7 יִ(י)סּוֺר chastisement; but Aramaic יְסַר is bind ) —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine suffix וְיִסְּרֵנִי Isa 8:11 (Di De SS see Bo^{§ 1103} Ew^{§ 249 d}, but Thes MV Che and others Pi`el Perfect); 1 singular suffix וְאֶסְֳּרֵם Hos 10:10 (Ges^{«GKC:71»§ 71}); Infinitive absolute יָסֹר 1Chr 15:22 (noun Ke, point as participle Öttli); Participle יֹסֵר Prov 9:7; Ps 94:10 יסורי Jer 17:13 Kt see סוּר; —

1. admonish Isa 8:11 (followed by suffix + מִלֶּכֶת away from walking, i. e. not to walk), Prov 9:7 (|| מוֺכִיחַ).

2. instruct, 1Chr 15:22.

3. discipline, of God Hos 10:10; Ps 94:10. Niph`al Imperfect יִוָּ֫סֶר עֶ֫בֶד Prov 29:19 אִוָּסֵר Jer 31:18 תִּוָּסְרוּ Lev 26:23 Imperative feminine הִוָּסְרִי Jer 6:8 masculine plural הִיָסְרוּ Ps 2:10 — (Niph`al tolerate., Ges^{«GKC:51»§ 51}. 2), let oneself be corrected, admonished by words of man Ps 2:10; Prov 29:19); let oneself be chastened by discipline of God Jer 6:8; Jer 31:18; Lev 26:23. Pi`el Perfect יִסַּר 1Kgs 12:11 + 3 t.; suffix יִסְּרַנִּי Ps 118:18 יִסְּרוֺ Isa 28:26 3 feminine suffix יִסְּרַתּוּ Prov 31:1 2 masculine יִסַּרְתָּ Ps 39:12; Job 4:3, etc. + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יְיַסֵּר Deut 8:5 2 masculine suffix תְּיַסְּרֶנּוּ Ps 94:12, etc. + 5 t. Imperfect; Imperative יַסֵּר Prov 19:18; Prov 29:17 suffix יַסְּרֵנִי Jer 10:24 Infinitive absolute יַסֹּר Ps 118:18 construct יַסְּרָה Lev 26:18 suffix יַסְּרֶ֑ךָּDeut 4:36 Participle מְיַסְּרֶ֑ךָּ Deut 8:5 —

1. discipline, correct (the moral nature, with more or less severity according to circumstances):
a. of God, with accusative Hos 7:15 (of training arms), Deut 4:36 (see Dr), Deut 8:5 (Israel as son), Isa 28:26, happy the man אשׁר תיסרנו יהּ Ps 94:12; Ps 118:18 (twice in verse)
b. of man, with accusative Deut 8:5; Prov 19:18; Prov 29:17 (all of a father his son), Job 4:3; Prov 31:1; Ps 16:7 my reins (the emotions of my own heart) correct, admonish me.

2. more severely, chasten, chastise:
a. of God, followed by accusative of person, Jer 31:18 אַלבַּֿחֲמָֽתְךָ תְיַסְּרֵנִי Ps 6:2; Ps 38:2 בְּמשׁפט אל באף Jer 10:24 למשׁפט Jer 30:11 = Jer 46:28 על חטאת Lev 26:18; Lev 26:28 בתוכחות על עון Ps 39:12.
b. of man, a father his son Deut 21:18 elders a man Deut 22:18 (including, as perhaps Deut 21:18, bodily chastisement); a king his subjects בַּשּׁוֺטִים and בָּעַקְרַבִּים 1Kgs 12:11; 1Kgs 12:14 = 2Chr 10:11; 2Chr 10:14.
c. תְּיַסְּרֵךְ רָֽעָתֵךְ Jer 2:19 thy badness will chastise thee. Nithp. Perfect נִוַּסְּרוּ Ezek 23:48 (for נִתְוַסְּרוּ Ges^{«GKC:55»§ 55} R. 7); passive be disciplined, corrected. Hiph`il Imperfect 1 singular suffix אַיְסִירֵם (Ew^{§ 131 c}, but error for אֲיַסְּרֵם Bö^{§ 437 f} SS), with accusative chasten Hos 7:12.

BDB8348 H8269 H3256

שַׂר₄₂₀ noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king); — absolute שַׂר 2Sam 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Mic 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hos 3:4 +; construct שַׂר Judg 4:2 +; suffix שַׂרְכֶם Dan 10:21 plural שָׂרִים 1Kgs 4:2 +; construct שָׂרֵי Gen 12:15 +; suffix שָׂרַי Judg 5:15; Isa 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Jer 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Isa 3:4 +; —

1. chieftain, leader:
a. plural of Israel Num 21:18 (poem in J E; || נְדִיֹב הָעָם), of Issachar Judg 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judg 10:18 is dubious (we should expect ׳וְשׂ, and compare ׳זִקְנֵי ג, instead, Judg 11:5-11); of Midian Judg 7:25; Judg 8:3 Philistines 1Sam 29:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:4 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:9 (apparently = סְרָנִים v1Sam 29:2 v1Sam 29:6 v1Sam 29:7 [We], yet distinguished by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Bu strike out in v1Sam 29:4 b), compare 1Sam 18:30 in poetry, of כְּמוֺשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Jer 48:7, of מָלכם (q. v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jer 49:3.
b. singular David as leader of freebooters 1Sam 22:2 compare גְּדוּד ׳שׂ 1Kgs 11:24, plural 2Sam 4:2.

2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
a. plural, in Egypt Gen 12:15 (J) + 3 t. Is + Gen 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare || מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [Che^Heb.Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), Ps 105:22 Moab Num 22:8 + 8 t. 22, 23 (JE), Amos 2:3 Edom Isa 34:12 (|| הֹרִים); Assyrian Isa 10:8; Isa 31:9 Babylonian Isa 21:5 + 7 t. Jeremiah + 2Chr 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jer 49:38 + 17 t. Ezra, Esther; in general Isa 49:7 officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles) 1Chr 22:17 + 5 t. 1 Chronicles; Ezra 8:20 Solomon 1Kgs 4:2 Jehoiachin 2Kgs 24:12; 2Kgs 24:14 Zedak. Jer 34:21; 2Chr 36:18 other kings 19 t. 2 Chronicles; in general Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17 see also (Judah) Jer 1:18 + 31 t. Jeremiah (Jer 17:25 a strike out ׳שׂ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 t. Lamentations; Ezek 17:12; Zeph 1:8 (where distinguished from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called ׳שׂ); so, in general, Neh 9:32; Neh 9:34; Dan 9:6; Dan 9:8 and (Northern Israel) Hos 3:4 + 6 t. Hosea.
b. as having powers of magistrate (‡adi) Exod 2:14 (E + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exod 18:21 + 7 t. 18 (E), Deut 1:15 (4 t. in verse); later in Judah Hos 5:10 (Now reads ׳שָׂרֵי תִשׁ), Isa 1:23, compare Isa 3:4; Isa 3:14; Isa 32:1; Mic 7:3 (singular; || שֹׁפֵט), Zeph 3:3 (|| id.), Ezek 22:27, compare Prov 8:16 (|| נְדִיבִים); Prov 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), 1Kgs 20:14; 1Kgs 20:15; 1Kgs 20:17; 1Kgs 20:19 (compare Esth 1:3; Esth 8:9; Esth 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esth 3:12).
d. as commandant of city, הָעִיר ׳שׂ Judg 9:30, compare 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25; 2Kgs 23:8; 2Chr 34:8 of citadel, הַבִּירָה ׳שׂ Neh 7:2 plural of city officials סֻכּוֺת ׳שׂ Judg 8:6; Judg 8:14 (distinguished from זְקֵנִים), compare 2Kgs 10:1; 2Chr 29:20.

3. specifically military, = captain, general:
a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא Gen 21:22; Gen 21:32 (E), Gen 26:26 (J), 1Sam 12:9 + 23 t., + ׳יֿ׳צֿ׳שׂ Josh 5:14; Josh 5:15 (J E; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; ׳שָׂרֵי הַצּ 1Kgs 1:25 + 3 t. Chronicles, ׳שָׂרִים בַּצּ 1Chr 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v.1Chr 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֺת Deut 20:9; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Chr 27:3 שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל 2Sam 24:2 (but read וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as ᵐ5^L and || 1Chr 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), ׳שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח v1Chr 21:4 v1Chr 21:4; 2Kgs 9:5; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1Kgs 15:20 = 2Chr 16:4; 2Kgs 25:23; 2Kgs 25:26; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:13 + 7 t. Jeremiah; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2Chr 32:6 so (ה)שׂר alone 2Sam 18:5; 2Sam 19:7; 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9 ᵐ5.:B Be Kit (שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for ᵑ0 ׳שָׂרֵי שׁ), 2Kgs 9:5 (twice in verse); 1Chr 11:6; 1Chr 11:21 + 9 t., + Job 39:25; Dan 11:5 וְגָדוֺל ׳שׂ 2Sam 3:38 (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isa 9:5 (Messianic name).
b. leading companies of 50 2Kgs 1:9-14; Isa 3:3, of 100 1Sam 22:7 + 16 t. + 1Sam 8:12 (reading מֵאוֺת for חֲמִשִּׁים ᵐ5 HPS, compare We; Bu insert שָׂרֵי מֵאוֺת), of 1000 1Sam 17:18 + 11 t., + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֺת 1Chr 13:1; 1Chr 26:26 (distinguished from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 1Chr 27:1; 1Chr 29:6; 2Chr 1:2 also הָרֶכֶב ׳שׂ captain of the chariotry 1Kgs 22:31; 1Kgs 22:32; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:30; 2Chr 18:31; 2Chr 18:32 + 3 t. + שָׂרֵי וּפָרָשָׁיו ׳ר 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9.

4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Gen 37:36 + 5 t.; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1Kgs 14:27 = 2Chr 12:10 שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23 = 2Chr 8:10 even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Gen 40:2 + 5 t., שַׂר הָאוֺפוֺת Gen 40:2 + 4 t. (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֺת 1Chr 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר 1Chr 27:28 שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Dan 1:7; Dan 1:8; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:10; Dan 1:11; Dan 1:18 שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jer 51:59.
b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Gen 39:21; Gen 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Gen 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1Sam 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exod 1:11 (J); compare 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 29:6; 1Chr 27:31; 1Chr 28:1. — In 1Chr 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for ᵑ0 בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so ᵐ5 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר

Qal. 5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5; 2Chr 36:14 הַלְוִיִּם ׳שׂ 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:22; 2Chr 35:9, compare 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6; 1Chr 15:7; 1Chr 15:8; 1Chr 15:10 (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1Chr 24:5, אֱלֹהִים ׳שׂ v1Chr 24:5 — ׳שָׂרֵי ק Isa 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי ᵐ5 Houb Klo Che^Hpt Gr (substantially).

6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, ׳שׂ ׳שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ 1Chr 27:22; 1Chr 29:6, compare 1Chr 28:1 apparently = elders, הָעָם ׳שׂ Ezek 11:1; 2Chr 24:23 ׳שׂ alone, Ps 68:28 (3 t. in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2; Neh 4:10; Neh 10:1; Neh 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8; Ezra 10:14 called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Neh 12:31; Neh 12:32 of district-rulers Neh 3:9; Neh 3:12; Neh 3:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 3:16; Neh 3:17; Neh 3:18; Neh 3:19 of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֺת Ezra 8:29; 1Chr 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי ׳הָא 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 27:1; Neh 7:70).

7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Isa 23:8 (compare 'merchant- princes'), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (|| נְגִירִים), Job 34:19; Ps 45:17; Ps 82:7; Ps 148:11, opposed to עבד(יםׅ Prov 19:10; Eccl 10:7 formidable foes Ps 119:23; Ps 119:161.

8. = patron-angel, only Daniel: שַׂר (מַלְכוּת) פָּרַס Dan 10:13; Dan 10:20, יָוָן ׳שׂ vDan 10:20 specifically of מִיכָאֵל vDan 10:13; Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1

9. שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא Dan 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָרָא 1 c; yet see also ׳צ 1 b), so שַׂר שְׂרִים vDan 8:25.

BDB8349 H7786 H8323 H3256 H8269

[שָׂרַר] verb denominative (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule; —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַלֿ יִשְׂרָאֵל Judg 9:22 Abimelech ruled over Israel three years; 3 masculine plural שָׂרִים ֗֗֗ יָשׂ֑רוּ Isa 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (|| יִמְלָךְמֶֿלֶךְ), compare Prov 8:16 Participle לִהְיוֺת֗֗֗ שׂרֵר Esth 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֺ. Hithpa`el Imperfect, 2 masculine singular + Infinitive absolute כִּיתִֿשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּםהִֿשְׂתָּרֵר Num 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us. — יָסֹר 1Chr 15:22 see יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph`il Perfect 3 plural metaplastic הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges^{«GKC:67v»§ 67v}) Hos 8:4 they made princes (absolute; || הִמְלִיכוּ). p. 415f, 978

chastise, chastised, correct, instructed, chasten, …

yāsar

to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct

to chasten, discipline, instruct, admonish

(Qal)

to chasten, admonish

to discipline, correct

כְּ שֵׁ֖מַע

כְּ

Prefix — preposition like, as

שֵׁ֖מַע

Root word report, fame, tidings, bruit, hear, …

Dictionary form: שֵׁמַע · shay-MA

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: hath heard

the fame ×3 at the report ×2 report ×2 as soon as they hear ×1 hath heard ×1 him upon the loud ×1 my fame ×1 of the fame ×1

More options

report — Neutral, versatile; fits news or secondhand account.

news — Informal and natural for spoken or heard information.

fame — Best when the nuance is widespread renown or reputation.

rumor — Use when the report is unverified or secondhand.

tidings — Slightly elevated; suits solemn or formal announcements.

reputation — Prefer when the focus is ongoing public perception.

BDB8820 H8088

I. [שֶׁ֫מַע noun [masculine] sound; — הַלְלוּהוּ בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע Ps 150:5 (|| תְּרוּעָה).

BDB8822 H8088

שֵׁ֫מַע noun [masculine] hearing, report (on from compare Lag^{BN 143}); — ׳שׁ absolute Isa 23:5 construct vIsa 23:5 +; suffix שִׁמְעִי Isa 66:19 etc.; — report, usually with genitive object: accusative with שְׁמַע Gen 29:13 (J) the tidings about Jacob, Isa 23:5 + (with suffix) Num 14:15 (JE), Deut 2:25; 1Kgs 10:1= 2Chr 9:1; Nah 3:19; Hab 3:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 50:43; Isa 66:9 with ל genitive Isa 23:5 לַעֲדָתָם Hos 7:12 usually according to the report (heard by) their congregation (!), but inexplicable and probably corrupt, We Now; Marti (compare Oettli) עַלרָֿעָתָם (כְּשֵׁמַע as gloss) according to their wickedness; שָׁוְא ׳נָשָׂא שׁ Exod 23:1 (E) take up (utter) a false report; אֹוָן ׳לְשׁ Ps 18:45 i.e. as soon as heard of, = mere report Job 42:5 (opposed to personal knowledge), compare שִׁמְעָהּ Job 28:22.

report, fame, tidings, bruit, hear, …

šēmaʿ

something heard, i.e., a sound, rumor, announcement; abstractly, audience

report, a hearing

לַ עֲדָתָֽ ם

לַ

Prefix — preposition to, for

עֲדָתָֽ

Root word congregation, company, assembly, multitude, people, …

ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: עֵדָה · ay-DAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: them as their congregation

the congregation ×65 of the congregation ×18 congregation ×16 and the congregation ×5 in the congregation ×4 for the congregation ×3 the company ×3 his company ×2

More options

community — Best general term; fits civic or religious groups naturally.

assembly — Formal gathering; modernizes KJV 'assembly' without archaic feel.

congregation — Retains religious register; familiar in liturgical contexts.

company — Suits smaller, less formal groups or military bands.

gathering — Neutral and flexible; emphasizes the act of coming together.

swarm — Reserve for non-human groups, e.g., insects (Judg 14:8).

BDB3607 H5712

עֵדָה₁₄₀ noun feminine congregation (properly company assembled together by appointment, or acting concertedly) — ׳ע Num 16:2 + 85 t.; construct עֲדַת Exod 12:3 + 52 t.; suffix עֲדָתִי Job 16:7 + 9 t. suffixes; —

1. עֲדַתאֵֿל Ps 82:1 congregation of El, of company of angels ׅ || (בקרב אלהים; לְאֻמִּים ׳ע Ps 7:8 congregation of peoples; צַדִּיקִים ׳ע Ps 1:5 congregation of the righteous; || סוֺד יְשָׁרִים Ps 111:1 || קהל Prov 5:14 כָּלעֲֿדָתִי Job 16:7 (of Job's circle of dependents); in a bad sense, מְרֵעִים ׳ע company of evil doers Ps 22:17 עריצים ׳ע Ps 86:14 חנף ׳ע Job 15:34 קֹרַח ׳ע company of Korah Num 26:9; Num 27:3 (P), so עֲדָתוֺ, עֲדָֽתְךָ Num 16:5; Num 16:6; Num 16:11; Num 16:16; Num 17:5 (P), and הָעֵדָה Num 26:10; Num 27:3 (P); אֲבִירָם ׳ע Ps 106:17, compare vPs 106:18.

2. of animals ׳ע אַבִּירִים Ps 68:31 (figurative of nobles); דְּבֹרִים ׳ע Judg 14:8 a swarm of bees.

3. elsewhere of Israel Hos 7:12 עֲדָתָם i.e. the whole assemblage of them; 1Kgs 8:5 (= 2Chr 5:6) ׳כל עדת ישׂ of those gathered to Solomon; 2Chr 12:20 העדה of assembly at Shechem; Jer 6:18 (text very dubious); עֲדָתוֺ Jer 30:20 of restored people; עֲדָֽתְךָ Ps 74:2 (|| שׁבט נחלתך); elsewhere in P, except possibly Num 20:11 (R), in technical sense, of the company of Israel of the Exodus, the congregation (115 t.), especially in the phrases יהוה ׳ע Num 27:17; Num 31:16; Josh 22:16; Josh 22:17 ישׂראל ׳ע Exod 12:3; Exod 12:6; Exod 12:19; Exod 12:47; Lev 4:13; Num 16:9; Num 32:4; Josh 22:18; Josh 22:20 בני ישׂראל ׳ע Exod 16:1; Exod 16:2; Exod 16:9; Exod 16:10; Exod 17:1; Exod 35:1; Exod 35:4; Exod 35:20; Lev 16:5; Lev 19:2 (H), Num 1:2; Num 1:53; Num 8:9; Num 8:20; Num 13:26; Num 14:5; Num 14:7; Num 15:25; Num 15:26; Num 17:6; Num 19:9; Num 25:6; Num 27:20; Num 31:12; Num 22:12 הָעֵדָה Lev 8:4 + 29 t. (compare Judg 20:1; Judg 21:10); ׳כלהֿע Lev 8:3 + 33 t. (compare Judg 21:13); ׳נְשִׂיאֵי (ה)ע princes of the congregation Exod 16:22; Num 4:34; Num 16:2; Num 31:13; Num 32:2; Josh 9:15; Josh 9:18; Josh 22:30 ׳כָּלהַֿנְּשִׂאִים בָּע Exod 34:31 ׳זִקְנֵי הע elders of the congregation Lev 4:15 (compare Judg 21:16); ראשׁי אבות ׳הע Num 31:26.

BDB5858 H5713 H5712

II. עֵדָה noun feminine testimony, witness, of things (only E); — Gen 21:30; Gen 31:52; Josh 24:27 (twice in verse) (J uses עֵד for feminine things). — I. עֵדָה see יעד.

congregation, company, assembly, multitude, people, …

ʿēdâ

a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)

congregation, gathering

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H834

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Grammar Vqi3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1980

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Grammar Vqi1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6566

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Grammar R/Sp3mp

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5921

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsc/Sp1cs

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7568

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5775

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Ncmpa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8064

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhi1cs/Sp3mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3381

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhi1cs/Sp3mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3256

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8088

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncfsc/Sp3mp

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5712

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV