Isaiah 28:3

The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

בְּ רַגְלַ֖יִם
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
רַגְלַ֖יִם
Root word feet, foot, times, after, follow, …
Dictionary form: רֶגֶל · reh-ɡEL

Noun — Common, feminine dual, absolute state dual — a natural pair ("two ___")

In the KJV here: under feet
his feet ×19 my feet ×18 foot ×14 thy foot ×13 feet ×9 their feet ×9 and their feet ×6 thy feet ×6
More options
foot — Core anatomical meaning; use for singular references.
feet — Plural form; most common rendering across contexts.
leg — Prefer when lower limb (not just foot) is implied.
step — Idiomatic; suits motion, journey, or following contexts.
time — Idiomatic plural use; e.g. 'three times' (רְגָלִים).
pace — Fits travel or measured-distance contexts elegantly.

BDB7743 H7272

BDB7742 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7744

רֶ֫גֶל247 noun feminineDeut 8:4 (on suffix masculine Song 5:3 see Synt. § l4 AlbrZAW(xvi, 1896, 76) xv (1895), 316 f.), foot (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic , leg, foot; Aramaic רַגְלָא, foot; Palmyrene suffix רגלה Lzb368; transposed Zinjirli (plural construct) לגרי Idlb., Mandean ליגרא M 102; compare Ethiopic vehicle Di347); — absolute ׳ר Exod 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל vExod 21:24 +; construct רֶגֶל Num 22:25 +; suffix רַגְלִי Gen 30:30 +, etc.; dual רַגְלָ֫יִם 1Sam 28:3 +, רַנְלָ֑יִם 2Sam 4:4 +; construct רַגְלֵי Gen 24:32 +; suffix רַגְלַי Num 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Exod 3:5 +, etc.; plural רְגָלִים Exod 23:14 + 3 t. (see 2 below); —

1. foot:
  a. human, Gen 18:4; Gen 19:2 + 10 t. of washing feet (רחץ); Exod 3:5; Exod 4:25 + often; in figure Deut 32:35; 1Sam 2:9; Jer 2:25; Job 12:5 + often; נַּאֲוָה ׳ר Ps 36:12 foot of pride; ׳הֲדֹם לְר Ps 110:1 ׳כַּף ר sole of foot Deut 2:5; Deut 11:24; Deut 28:56; Deut 28:65 + 6 t., + ׳מִכַּף ר וְעַד ראֹשׁ Isa 1:6, compare (וְעַד קדקד) 2Sam 14:25; Deut 28:35; Job 2:7 also ׳מֵראֹשׁ וְעַד ר Lev 13:12 ׳שָׁרְשֵׁי ר Job 13:27 see שֹׁרֶשׁ;׳אֶצְבְּעוֺת ר 2Sam 21:20 = toes, ׳בֹּהֶן ר = great toe Judg 1:6; Judg 1:7; Exod 29:20 + 6 t. Leviticus; ׳ר = leg 1Sam 17:6 (see also feminine near the end).
  b. anthropomorphism of God, Exod 24:10; 2Sam 22:10 = Ps 18:10; Nah 1:3; Hab 3:5; Isa 60:13; Zech 14:4׳כַּפּוֺת ר Ezek 43:7 ׳הֲדֹם ר Isa 66:1; Lam 2:1; 1Chr 28:2; Ps 99:5; Ps 132:7.
  c. of seraphim Isa 6:2, Ezekiel's חַיּוֺת Ezek 1:7 (twice in verse) and (׳כֵּף ר) vEzek 1:7, cherubim 2Chr 3:13 idols Ps 115:7.
  d. of animals: dove,׳כַּף ר Gen 8:9 (J); שֶׁרֶץ עוֺף Lev 11:21; Lev 11:23, שֶׁרֶץ vLev 11:42 calf, ׳כַּף ר Ezek 1:7 (in simile), בְּהֵמָה Ezek 29:11 Pharaoh under figure of תַּנִּים Ezek 32:2 probably of beast also Job 39:15, indefinite Isa 28:3 (in figurative).
  e. of table Exod 25:26; Exod 37:13 (P). feminine phrases: ׳לְר (ל) 5 i according to the pace of Gen 33:14 (twice in verse) (J; as fast as cattle, children, can go); at one's guidance Deut 33:8 at one's foot, i.e. at every step Gen 30:30 (J), Isa 41:2, compare Job 18:11 (see I. [ פּוּץ] Hiph`il); ׳הלך לְר 1Sam 25:42, i.e. went where she went, compare 2Sam 15:16; 2Sam 15:17; 2Sam 15:18 ׳בְּר on one's feet, on foot, Num 20:19 (JE), Deut 2:28; Judg 4:15; Judg 4:17; Ps 66:6, ׳שֻׁלֵּח בְּר Judg 5:15 (see שׁלח), compare Job 18:8 (and רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּח֑וּ Job 30:12); ׳הַבְּהֵמָה) אֲשֶׁר בְּד, הַיְקוּם, (הָעָם, i.e. which follow one, hence obey or belong to one, Exod 11:8 (J), Judg 4:10; Judg 8:5; 1Kgs 20:10; Deut 11:6; 2Kgs 3:9, ׳הַמִּתְהַלְּכִים בְּר 1Sam 25:27 ׳נָשָׂא ר Gen 29:1 (E) = set out, but ׳יָרִים אֶתרֿ Gen 41:44 (E) lift the foot, i.e. make a movement, do anything; euphemism ׳מֵסִיךְ אֶתרֿ Judg 3:24, compare 1Sam 24:3 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v.1Sam 24:4 see I. [ סָכַךְ] Hiph`il); לְ ׳וַתְּפַשְּׂקִי אֶתרֿ Ezek 16:25 (see פשׂק); ׳הַיּוֺצֵת מִבֵּין ר Deut 28:57 (see יצא 1 h); ׳מֵימֵי ר Qr 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 (Kt שיניהם; see מַיִם 3); שַׂעַר ׳הָר Isa 7:20, i.e. hair of the private parts.
2. plural only in phrase שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים three times (feet, paces, compare פַּעַם) Exod 23:14 (E), Num 22:28; Num 22:32; Num 22:33 (J).


BDB9890 H7271 H7272

BDB9889 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9891

[רְגַל] noun [feminine] foot (see Biblical Hebrew); — dual absolute רַגְלַ֫יִן Dan 7:4 emphatic לַיָּא- Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42 suffix לוֺ֫הִי- vDan 2:33 vDan 2:34, רגליה Kt, רְגַלַהּ Qr (K§ 53, 2, Anm. b)) Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19feet; in vision, of image Dan 2:33; Dan 2:34; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42, of beast Dan 7:4; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19.

feet, foot, times, after, follow, …
regel
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
  • foot
    • foot, leg
    • "of God (anthropomorphic)"of seraphim, cherubim, idols, animals, table"according to the pace of (with prep)"three times (feet, paces)

תֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָה
תֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָה
Root word down, stamped, tread, trode, treadeth, …
Dictionary form: רָמַס · raw-MAHS

Verb — Niphal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person feminine plural passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: shall be trodden
and trode down ×2 trode upon ×2 and he trode her under foot ×1 and stamped upon ×1 and stamped upon them ×1 and trample ×1 and tread ×1 both treadeth down ×1
More options
trample — Best for violent, contemptuous crushing underfoot.
tread down — Modernized KJV; good for deliberate oppressive action.
stamp on — Emphasizes forceful, repeated downward pressure.
crush underfoot — Vivid; highlights total subjugation of the victim.
trample down — Adds directional force; suits military or judgment contexts.
oppress — Figurative register; use when literal trampling implies social domination.

BDB7968 H7429

BDB7967 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7969

רָמַס verb trample (Late Hebrew id.; Jewish-Aramaic רְמַס; compare perhaps Syriac , Arabic , kick (BaES 33 ii. 196); is bury, and conceal grave); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive ׳וְר Mic 5:7 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְמֹס Ezek 26:11; Ps 7:6, יִרְמָסֿ Isa 41:25, suffix וַיִּרְמְסֶנָּה 2Kgs 9:33, etc.; Imperative feminine singular רִמְסִי Nah 3:14 Infinitive construct רְמֹס Isa 1:12 Participle רֹמֵס Isa 16:4trample, of men, with accusative חֲצֵרָ֑י Isa 1:12, חוּצוֺת Ezek 26:11 (by horses' hoofs), טִיט Ezek 41:25 (in simile), compare בַחֹמֶר ׳ר Nah 3:14, accusative מִרְעֶה Ezek 34:18 (in figurative); trample down, accusative of person, animal, or thing, 2Kgs 7:17; 2Kgs 7:20, so (by horses' hoofs) 2Kgs 9:33, לָאָרֶץ חַיָּי֫ ׳יִר Ps 7:6; Ps 91:13 (|| תִּדְרֹךְ); subject ׳י Isa 63:13 (figurative; +דָּרַךְ), subject רֶנֶל Isa 26:6 subject beast 2Kgs 14:9 (allegory) = 2Chr 25:18; Dan 8:7 (vision), of horn, vDan 8:10 absolute of lion, וְטָרַף ׳וְר Mic 5:7 (simile); participle as substantive collective tramplers (i.e. devastators) Isa 16:4. Niph`al be trampled, Imperfect 3 feminine plural בְּרַגֶלַיִם תֵּרָמַ֑סְנָה Isa 28:3 (on subject compare Di Du CheHpt i. 183).

down, stamped, tread, trode, treadeth, …
rāmas
to tread upon (as a potter, in walking or abusively)
  • to trample
    • (Qal)
      • to trample
      • "trampler (participle)
      (Niphal) to be trampled

עֲטֶ֥רֶת
עֲטֶ֥רֶת
Root word crown, crowns
Dictionary form: עֲטָרָה · uh-taw-RAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the crown
the crown ×6 a crown ×3 crown ×3 crowns ×2 is a crown ×2 and the crowns ×1 are the crown ×1 even the crown ×1
More options
crown — Most direct equivalent; fits royal and honorific contexts.
wreath — Prefer when woven/floral headpiece is implied.
diadem — Elevated register; suits poetic or majestic passages.
garland — Festive or celebratory contexts; non-regal honour.
circlet — Emphasises circular band shape; neutral, modern register.

BDB5996 H5850

BDB5995 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5997

I. עֲטָרָה noun feminine crown, wreath; — absolute ׳ע Ezek 21:31; Song 3:11 construct עֲטֶרֶת 2Sam 12:30 + 17 t.; plural עֲטָרוֺת Zech 6:11; Job 31:36, עֲטָוֺת Zech 6:14crown:

1. of idol-image (Milcom, ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Löhr HPS) 2Sam 12:30 = 1Chr 20:2 golden, פָּז ׳ע Ps 21:4 ׳ע תִּפְאַרְתְּכֶם of king and queen, Jer 13:18 the crown of your splendour; compare Ezek 21:31 wedding-crown Song 3:11.
2. זָהָב ׳ע Esth 8:15 (of Mordecai); of silver and gold Zech 6:11; Zech 6:14 תִּפְאֶרֶת ׳ע crown of splendour, on personified Jerusalem Ezek 16:12 (in allegory), Jerusalem and Samaria Ezek 23:42 ׳ע as appositive ( = simile) Job 31:36.
3. fig of honour, etc., Job 19:9 (|| כְּבוֺדִי Lam 5:16 בַּעְלָהּ ׳אַשֶׁת חַיִל ע Prov 12:4, compare Prov 14:24; Prov 17:6 תִּפְאֶרֶת ׳ע Prov 16:31 (of שֵׂיבָה); gift of wisdom Prov 4:9 figurative of Jerusalem Isa 62:3 (|| צְנִיף מְלוּכָה, compare גֵאוּת ׳ע Isa 28:1; Isa 28:3 figurative of Samaria; figurative of ׳י, צְבִי ׳ע vIsa 28:5 (|| צְפִירַת תִּפְאָרָה).

crown, crowns
ʿăṭārâ
a crown
  • crown, wreath

גֵּא֖וּת
גֵּא֖וּת
Root word majesty, pride, proudly, raging, things, …
Dictionary form: גֵּאוּת · ɡay-OOT

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of pride
of pride ×2 excellent things ×1 like the lifting up ×1 proudly ×1 the majesty ×1 the raging ×1 with majesty ×1
More options
majesty — Best for divine or royal grandeur contexts.
pride — Suits human arrogance or self-exaltation contexts.
magnificence — Elevates tone; good for poetic or liturgical passages.
arrogance — Stronger negative connotation than pride; use for hubris.
splendor — Emphasizes outward glory; works for nature imagery.
surging — Captures violent, wave-like motion; ideal for sea or flood imagery.

BDB1401 H1348

BDB1400 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1402

גֵּאוּת noun feminine majesty, Ps 93:1 + 7 t.; —

1. lifting up גֵּאוּת עָשָׁן column of smoke Isa 9:17 גֵּאוּת הַיָּם swelling of the sea Ps 89:10.
2. majesty of God Ps 93:1; Isa 26:10 גֵּאוּת עָשָׂה he hath done majestically Isa 12:5 עֲטֶרֶת גֵּאוּת crown of majesty Isa 28:1; Isa 28:3 (Samaria, on a round hill majestically commanding the country).
3. pride דִּבְּרוּ בְגֵאוּת they speak proudly Ps 17:10 so for נְאוֺת Ps 74:20 Bi Che.

majesty, pride, proudly, raging, things, …
gēʾût
the same as H1346
  • majesty
    • a rising up (of column of smoke)
    • "a swelling (of sea)"majesty (of God)"pride

שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י
שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י
Root word drunken, drunkards, drunk, drunkard, man
Dictionary form: שִׁכּוֹר · shik-KORE

Adjective — masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the drunkards
himself drunk ×2 like a drunken ×2 drunken ×1 like a drunkard ×1 like a drunken man ×1 of a drunkard ×1 she had been drunken ×1 the drunkards ×1
More options
drunk — Most natural modern adjective; fits most contexts.
drunkard — Noun form; use for habitual or characterful references.
intoxicated — Slightly formal; suits legal or narrative prose.
inebriated — Elevated register; use for ironic or literary effect.
heavy drinker — Idiomatic noun; softens moral judgment slightly.
sot — Vivid, contemptuous noun for a habitual drunkard.

BDB8682 H7910

BDB8681 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8683

שִׁכֹּר, שִׁכּוֺר adjective drunken (BaNB § 134 b); — absolute שִׁכֹּר 1Sam 25:36, שִׁכּוֺר 1Kgs 16:9 +, feminine שִׁכֹּרָה, 1Sam 1:13, pluralשִׁכּוֺרִים Joel 1:5, construct שִׁכֹּרֵי Isa 28:1; Isa 28:3drunken: 1Sam 25:36, ׳אִישׁ שׁ Jer 23:9, ׳שֹׁתֶה שׁ 1Kgs 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, 1Kgs 20:16 as substantive = drunken one, drunkard Isa 28:1; Isa 28:3; Prov 26:9, plural Joel 1:5 (|| שֹׁתֵי יַיִן); in simile Isa 19:14; Job 12:25; Ps 107:27, and (of earth) Isa 24:20 feminine of drunken woman 1Sam 1:13.

drunken, drunkards, drunk, drunkard, man
šikkôr
intoxicated, as a state or a habit
  • drunken
    • drunken
    • "drunkard, drunken one (subst)

אֶפְרָֽיִם
אֶפְרָֽיִם
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of ephraim")
Dictionary form: אֶפְרַיִם · ep-ra-YIM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of ephraim
ephraim ×66 of ephraim ×62 and ephraim ×12 ephraims ×3 but ephraim ×2 from ephraim ×2 is mine ephraim ×2 o ephraim ×2
More options
Ephraim — Standard modern spelling; use for the tribe or person.
Ephraimite — Use when referring to an individual member of the tribe.
Ephraimites — Plural form for the tribal group or people collectively.
the tribe of Ephraim — Clarifies tribal identity; helpful in narrative contexts.

BDB687 H669

BDB686 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB688

אֶפְרַ֫יִם proper name, masculine Ephraim (Gen 41:52 connected with הִפְרָה, Hiph`il of פרה, compare פרא Hiph`il Hos 13:15).

1. 2nd son of Joseph Gen 41:52; Gen 46:20 reckoned among sons of Jacob, blessed by him, and given preference over Manasseh Gen 48:1; Gen 48:5; Gen 48:13; Gen 48:14; Gen 48:17 (twice in verse) (compare vGen 48:19) vGen 48:20 vGen 48:20; Gen 50:23; Num 1:10; 1Chr 7:20; 1Chr 7:22.
2. בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם (= descendants, tribe of east) Num 1:32; Num 2:18 (twice in verse); Num 2:24; Num 7:48; Num 10:22; Num 26:35; Num 26:37; Josh 16:5; Josh 16:9 (boundaries of territory), Josh 17:8; 1Chr 9:3; 1Chr 12:31; 1Chr 27:10; 1Chr 27:14; 1Chr 27:20; 1Chr 2:12 less often ׳מַטֵּה א Num 1:33; Num 13:8; Josh 21:5; 1Chr 6:51 ׳מַטֵּה בְנֵיאֿ Num 34:24; Josh 16:8 compare Josh 14:4 ׳שֵׁבֶט א Ps 78:67 (|| אֹהֶל יוֺסֵף); ׳בֵּית א Judg 10:9 also ׳א alone, tribe Ephraim Num 26:28; Deut 33:17; Josh 16:10 + often; וּמְנַשֶּׁה ׳אֶרֶין א Josh 17:17 compare Judg 12:15; 2Chr 30:10 especially
3. הַראֶֿפְרַיִם the mountain-country of Ephraim, a ridge stretching from north to south through territory assigned to Ephraim, with fruitful land on both slopes, especially the western (compare Di Josh 16:1) Josh 17:15; Josh 19:50; Josh 20:7; Judg 2:9; Judg 3:27; Judg 4:5 + 26 t.
4. by Hosea & Isaiah (rarely later) אֶפְרַיִם = kingdom of northern Israel (from Ephraim as largest & strongest tribe in it) Hos 4:17; Hos 5:3 (twice in verse); Hos 5:5 (|| יִשְׂרָאֵל) vHos 5:11 vHos 5:12 + 30 t. Hosea; Isa 7:2; Isa 7:5; Isa 7:8; Isa 7:9; Isa 7:17 + 9 t. Isaiah; also Jer 7:15; Jer 31:9; Jer 31:18; Jer 31:20; Ezek 37:16 (strike out Co) vEzek 37:19; Ps 78:9; 2Chr 25:7; 2Chr 25:10 compare 2Chr 30:1; Ps 60:9 = Ps 108:9 ׳עָרֵי א 2Chr 17:2 compare 2Chr 34:6 ׳שְׂדֵה א Obad 1:19 hence ׳א alone in local sense 2Chr 31:1 also Hos 5:9, where feminine (& perhaps Isa 7:2).
5. יִעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2Sam 18:6, east of Jordan; ᵐ5L Klo read יער מַחֲנַיִם compare 2Sam 17:24; 2Sam 17:27.
6. name of a city near Baal-hazor 2Sam 13:23 (= Ἐφραϊμ John 11:54 & 1 Macc 11:34? Klo compare ᵐ5L Γοφραιμ & עפרון, Qr עֶפְרַיִן 2Chr 13:9 so previously Th Ke compare Dr).
7. שַׁעַר אֶפְרַיִם a chief gate of Jerusalem 2Kgs 14:13; 2Chr 25:23; Neh 8:16; Neh 12:39 perhaps at northwest angle, near Holy Sepulchre, compare Schick-GutheZPV 1885.


אֶפְרָת see אפרתה. below

ephraim, ephraimites, ephraims
ʾeprayim
double ash-heap, I shall be doubly fruitful
Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
  • second son of Joseph, blessed by him and given preference over first son, Manasseh
  • "the tribe, Ephraim"the mountain country of Ephraim"sometimes used name for the northern kingdom (Hosea or Isaiah)"a city near Baal-hazor"a chief gate of Jerusalem

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
בְּרַגְלַ֖יִם Tipeha — a lesser break תֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here עֲטֶ֥רֶת גֵּא֖וּת Tipeha — a lesser break שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם Silluq — end of the verse

בְּרַגְלַיִם תֵּֽרָמַסְנָה עֲטֶרֶת גֵּאוּת שִׁכּוֹרֵי אֶפְרָֽיִם׃
3
The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet:
Cross References

Hebrews 10:29

πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καταπατήσας καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος ἐν ἡγιάσθη καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας
29
Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?

Isaiah 26:6

תִּרְמְסֶנָּה רָגֶל רַגְלֵי עָנִי פַּעֲמֵי דַלִּֽים׃
6
The foot shall tread it down, even the feet of the poor, and the steps of the needy.

Isaiah 28:1

הוֹי עֲטֶרֶת גֵּאוּת שִׁכֹּרֵי אֶפְרַיִם וְצִיץ נֹבֵל צְבִי תִפְאַרְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עַל-רֹאשׁ גֵּֽיא-שְׁמָנִים הֲלוּמֵי יָֽיִן׃
1
Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine!

Daniel 8:13

וָאֶשְׁמְעָה אֶֽחָד-קָדוֹשׁ מְדַבֵּר וַיֹּאמֶר אֶחָד קָדוֹשׁ לַפַּֽלְמוֹנִי הַֽמְדַבֵּר עַד-מָתַי הֶחָזוֹן הַתָּמִיד וְהַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם תֵּת וְקֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא מִרְמָֽס׃
13
Then I heard one saint speaking, and another saint said unto that certain saint which spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, and the transgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot?

2 Kings 9:33

וַיֹּאמֶר ‫(שמטהו)‬ שִׁמְטוּהָ וַֽיִּשְׁמְטוּהָ וַיִּז מִדָּמָהּ אֶל-הַקִּיר וְאֶל-הַסּוּסִים וַֽיִּרְמְסֶֽנָּה׃
33
And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.

Revelation 11:2

καὶ τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ναοῦ ἔκβαλε ἔξω καὶ μὴ αὐτὴν μετρήσῃς ὅτι ἐδόθη τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν πατήσουσιν μῆνας τεσσαράκοντα δύο
2
But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall they tread under foot forty and two months.

Isaiah 25:10

כִּֽי-תָנוּחַ יַד-יְהוָה בָּהָר הַזֶּה וְנָדוֹשׁ מוֹאָב תַּחְתָּיו כְּהִדּוּשׁ מַתְבֵּן ‫(במי)‬ בְּמוֹ מַדְמֵנָֽה׃
10
For in this mountain shall the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down for the dunghill.

Lamentations 1:15

סִלָּה כָל-אַבִּירַי׀ אֲדֹנָי בְּקִרְבִּי קָרָא עָלַי מוֹעֵד לִשְׁבֹּר בַּחוּרָי גַּת דָּרַךְ אֲדֹנָי לִבְתוּלַת בַּת-יְהוּדָֽה׃
15
The Lord hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the Lord hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a winepress.