Isaiah 3:26

וְאָנ֥וּ וְאָבְל֖וּ פְּתָחֶ֑יהָ וְנִקָּ֖תָה לָאָ֥רֶץ תֵּשֵֽׁב
And her gates shall lament and mourn; and she being desolate shall sit upon the ground.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ אָנ֥וּ
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אָנ֥וּ
Adverb lament, mourn
Dictionary form: אָנָה · aw-NAW

Adverb

In the KJV here: shall lament
also shall mourn ×1 shall lament ×1
More options
mourn — Most natural modern term for grief expression.
lament — Slightly more formal; suits poetic or liturgical contexts.
grieve — Focuses on inner emotional pain over loss.
wail — Emphasizes audible, outward expression of sorrow.

BDB576 H578

BDB575 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB577

I. [אָנָה verb mourn —

Qal Perfect 3 plural וְאָנוּ consecutive Isa 3:26; Isa 19:8 (|| אָבַל q. v.)

lament, mourn
ʾānâ
to groan
  • (Qal) to mourn

וְ אָבְל֖וּ
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אָבְל֖וּ
Root word mourn, mourned, mourneth, mourning, lament, …
Dictionary form: אָבַל · aw-BAHL

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and mourn
mourn ×8 mourneth ×6 mourned ×5 and mourned ×2 shall mourn ×2 and being desolate it mourneth ×1 and david mourned ×1 and mourn ×1
More options
mourn — Direct modern equivalent; broadly appropriate in most contexts.
grieve — Emphasizes inner emotional pain over outward ritual.
lament — Suits poetic or formal contexts; implies vocal expression.
be in mourning — Highlights a sustained state rather than a single act.
weep — More concrete; good when physical expression is foregrounded.
sorrow — Softer, more internalized; useful for quiet, personal grief.

BDB50 H56

BDB49 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB51

I. אָבַל39 verb mourn (Assyrian [abâlu] see Dlw) —

Qal Perfect אָבַל Isa 24:7 + 2 t. etc. Imperfect 3 feminine singular תֶּאֱבַל Hos 4:3 + 3 t. — mourn, lament (poetic & higher style); absolute, human subject Joel 1:9; Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5; Isa 19:8 (|| אנה) compare Job 14:22 (subject נַפְשׁוֺ); followed by על Hos 10:5 more often figurative, inanimate subject, gates 1Sam 3:26 land 1Sam 24:4; 1Sam 33:9; Hos 4:3; Joel 1:10; Jer 4:28 (followed by על) Jer 12:4; Jer 23:10 compare Jer 12:11 (followed by על), יְהוּדָה Jer 14:2 pastures Amos 1:2. Hithpa`el — Perfect הִתְאַבֵּל 1Sam 15:35 Imperfect יִתְאַבָּ֑ל Ezek 7:12; Ezek 7:27 וַיִּתְאַבֵּל Gen 37:34 + 3 t. etc.; Imperative feminine singular הִתְאַבְּלִי 2Sam 14:2 Participle מִתְאַבֵּל 1Sam 16:1 + 2 t. etc.; — mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, followed by על Gen 37:34; 2Sam 13:37; 2Sam 14:2; 2Sam 19:2 || בכה 2Chr 35:24, compare also Isa 66:10 (over Jerusalem); absolute 1Chr 7:22 compare 2Sam 14:2 play the mourner (where indicated by dress); over un-worthy Saul followed by אֶל 1Sam 15:35; 1Sam 16:1 over sin followed by על Ezra 10:6 compare (absolute) Neh 8:9 judgment of ׳י Exod 33:4 absolute (indicated by dress), Num 14:39; Ezek 7:27 (strike out B Co); followed by כִּי 1Sam 6:19 calamity Neh 1:4; Ezek 7:12 compare Dan 10:2. Hiph`il Perfect הֶאֱבַלְתִּי Ezek 31:15 Imperfect וַיַּאֲבֶלֿ Lam 2:8 — cause to mourn; Ezek 31:15 absolute ᵑ0, but A B Co object תהום followed by על, caused the deep to mourn over; Lam 2:8 object wall etc.; (both these figurative, compare Qal).

mourn, mourned, mourneth, mourning, lament, …
ʾābal
to bewail
  • to mourn, lament
    • (Qal) to mourn, lament
      • of humans
        • "of inanimate objects (figuratively)
        • of gates
          • "of land
      (Hiphil)
      • to mourn, cause to mourn (figuratively)
      (Hithpael)
      • to mourn
        • "play the mourner

פְּתָחֶ֑י הָ
פְּתָחֶ֑י
Root word door, doors, entering, entry, in, …
הָ
Suffix — pronoun her / it
Dictionary form: פֶּתַח · peh-TA

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and her gates
the door ×38 at the door ×26 door ×15 of the door ×8 for the door ×6 at the entering in ×5 in the door ×5 by the door ×4
More options
entrance — Broad, neutral; fits most architectural and spatial contexts.
doorway — Precise for a framed opening in a wall or building.
opening — Good for less formal or non-door thresholds and gaps.
gateway — Use when the opening is larger or more monumental, like a gate.
threshold — Emphasizes the liminal boundary point of entry.
entry — Slightly abstract; suits passages describing acts of entering.

BDB6866 H6607

BDB6865 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6867

פֶּ֫תַח164 noun masculineEzek 8:8 (feminine 2Sam 17:9 but We reads אַחַד for אַחַת, and so AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 86) opening, doorway, entrance; — absolute ׳פ Gen 4:7 +, פָּ֑תַח Gen 19:11 +, הַפֶּ֫תְחָה vGen 19:6 construct פֶּתַח Gen 18:1 +; suffix פִּתְחוֺ Prov 17:19, פִּתְחָהּ Ezek 40:38 plural פְּתָחִים 1Kgs 7:5; Prov 8:3 construct פִּתְחֵי Ps 24:7 +; suffix פְּתָחָ֑י, Prov 8:34, etc.; — door-way of nomad's tent, הָאֹהֶל ׳פ Gen 18:1; Gen 18:2; Gen 18:10(J), Exod 33:8; Exod 33:10 (E), Num 11:10; Num 16:27(JE), Judg 4:20,compare(without הָאֹהֶל) Gen 4:7 (in figurative), Job 31:9; Job 31:34 of sacred tent, הָאֹהָל ׳פ Exod 33:9; Exod 33:10; Num 12:5(E), Num 26:36; Num 36:37; Num 39:38 (P), Deut 31:15, usually (P) אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד ׳פ Exod 29:4 + 6 t. Exodus + Exod 40:6; Exod 40:29 (׳מִשְׁכַּן אֹהֶל מ ׳פ), Lev 1:3 + 22 t. Leviticus; Num 3:25 + 11 t. Numbers; Josh 19:51; 1Sam 2:22, compare 1Chr 9:21 ׳פ הַמִּשְׁכָּן Exod 35:15, compare Exod 40:5; Exod 40:28 (all P); of court Num 3:26 compareNum 4:26 and (of temple) Ezek 8:7 doorway of (private) house Gen 19:6; Gen 19:11 (twice in verse) + 22 t., compare Song 7:14 in Prov 17:19 Frankenb Toy read פּיו; for פִּתְחוֺ of temple 1Kgs 6:33; Ezek 8:16, so הַבַּית ׳פ Ezek 47:1 Chron Ezek 4:22 הַדְּבִיר ׳פ 1Kgs 6:31, הַצֵּלָע ׳פ v1Kgs 6:8; Ezek 41:11 compare vEzek 41:11 vEzek 41:11 plural 1Kgs 7:5 various doorways in Ezekiel's temple Ezek 40:13 (twice in verse) + 13 t. 40-42 (see also below); doorway of ark Gen 6:16 (P); of tower Judg 9:52 in wall Ezek 8:8 opening (mouth) of cave 1Kgs 19:13 הַשַׁעַר ׳פ opening, i.e. doorway, of gate Ezek 40:11 of city שַׁעַר הָעִיר ׳פ, i.e. the outer aperture of the gate Josh 8:29; Josh 20:4; Judg 9:35; Judg 9:44; Jer 1:15 (plural), compare Jer 19:2; 1Kgs 22:10 = 2Chr 18:9; 2Kgs 23:8; Prov 1:21 so הַשַּׁעַר ׳פ, Judg 9:40; 2Sam 10:8; 2Sam 11:23; 2Kgs 7:3; 2Kgs 10:8, and (of farm or village) Judg 18:16; Judg 18:17 so הָעִיר ׳פ 1Kgs 17:20; 1Chr 19:6 (= 2Sam 10:8 above), compare Gen 38:14 plural of city gates themselves (poetry) Isa 3:26 (personified), נְדִיבִים ׳פ Isa 13:2 פִּתְחֵי עוֺלָם Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9 (|| שְׁעָרִים); compare figurative שְׁמֹר פִּתְחֵיפִֿיךָ Mic 7:5 also ׳פ ׳שַׁעַר בֵּית י Jer 36:10; Ezek 8:14; Ezek 10:19 compare Ezek 8:3; Ezek 11:1; Ezek 40:4; Ezek 46:3, ׳י ׳שׁ ׳פ Jer 26:10 פְּתָחֶיהָ Mic 5:6 of entrances to a country; figurative תִּקְוָה ׳פ Hos 2:17 doorway of hope.

door, doors, entering, entry, in, …
petaḥ
an opening (literally), i.e., door (gate) or entrance way
  • opening, doorway, entrance

וְ נִקָּ֖תָה
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
נִקָּ֖תָה
Root word unpunished, guiltless, innocent, clear, free, …
Dictionary form: נָקָה · naw-KAW

Verb — Niphal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person feminine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: and she being desolate
be unpunished ×6 unpunished ×3 be innocent ×2 go unpunished ×2 shall be cut off ×2 acquit ×1 and be guiltless ×1 and by no means ×1
More options
acquit — Best for legal/judicial contexts; declare not guilty.
be innocent — Stative sense; describes a person's moral standing.
go unpunished — Emphasizes absence of consequences; threat or warning contexts.
be cleared — Neutral modern idiom for exoneration or absolution.
be blameless — Moral/ethical register; suits covenant or ritual contexts.
be exempt — Highlights freedom from obligation or penalty; legal nuance.

BDB5364 H5352

BDB5363 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5365

[נָקָה] verb be empty(?), clean ( Niph`al Imperfect ינקה be unpunished, so Eccl 40:15; Eccl 31:5 = Prov 28:20 Late Hebrew Pi`el = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic נְקָא Pa`el = Biblical Hebrew, adjective נְקֵא clean; Phoenician נקי adjective pure; Palmyrene נקא be clean (perhaps) in proper name SachauZMG xxxv (1881), 735 Lzb325; Assyrian nâkû, pour out, pour libation, make offering, nikû, libation, offering; Old Aramaic נקיה perhaps = נוּקָיָה libation (Lzb326), compare Syriac Cook83; Syriac Pa`el pour out, make a libation; on the other hand, Arabic purus, mundus fuit Kam Frey; II. cleanse, etc., Lane3037. — Original meaning probably empty out, hence pour and be empty, clean);

**ᵑ7 נְקָא Pa`el = cleanse (with lye) Isa 1:25 adjective נְקֵא clean of bread or fruit Gen 40:16 ᵑ7J i, Deut 6:3 ᵑ7J ii, = exempt (Biblical Hebrew נָקִי) 1Kgs 15:22. —
Qal Infinitive absolute נָקֹה Jer 49:12 (נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה, probably error for ׳הנקה ת, compare Jer 25:29).

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִקָּה Zech 5:3 + 5 t.; feminine נִקְּתָה Num 5:28 נִקָּ֑תָה Isa 3:26 2 masculine singular נִקֵּיתָ Gen 24:8 1 singular נִקֵּיתִי Judg 15:3 + 2 t.; Imperfect יִנָקֶה Prov 6:29 + 6 t.; 2 masculine singular תִּנָּקֶה Gen 24:41 + 2 t.; plural תִּנָּקוּ Jer 25:29 (twice in verse); Imperative הִנָּקֹי Num 5:19 Infinitive הִנָּקִה Jer 25:29 —

1. be cleaned out, of a plundered city Isa 3:26 purged out, of liars and perjurers Zech 5:3 (twice in verse).
2. be clean, free from guilt, innocent, Jer 2:35 with מִן, מִפֶּשַׁע Ps 19:14 מֵעָוֺן Num 5:31(P); מִפְּלִשְׁתִּים from (at the hands of) the Philistines Judg 15:3.
3. be free, exempt from punishment, absolute Exod 21:19 (E) Num 5:28 (P) 1Sam 26:9 לֹא יִנָּקֶה Prov 6:29; Prov 11:21; Prov 16:5; Prov 17:5; Prov 19:5; Prov 19:9; Prov 28:20; Jer 25:29 (3 t. in verse); Jer 49:12 b, נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה vJer 49:12 a.
4. free, exempt from obligation, with מִן, from oaths Gen 24:8; Gen 24:41 (J); מִמֵּי הַמָּרִים from effects of drinking the bitter water Num 5:19 (P).

Piel Perfect 1 singular נִקֵּיתִי Josh 4:21 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 נִקַּמְתִּי; so Now SS Buhl); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְנַקֶּה Exod 20:7 + 2 t.; יְנַקֵּ֑ה Num 14:18; Nah 1:3 2 masculine singular suffix תְּנַקֵּנִי Job 9:28; Job 10:14 תְּנַקֵּהוּ 1Kgs 2:9 1 singular suffix אֲנַקֶּ֑ךָּ Jer 30:11; Jer 46:28 Imperative suffix נַקֵּנִי Ps 19:13 Infinitive absolute נַקֵּה Exod 34:7 + 4 t.; —

1.. hold innocent, acquit, Job 9:28 מֵעֲוֺנִי Job 10:4 מִנִּסְתּרוֺת Ps 19:13.
2. leave unpunished: of man, with accusative 1Kgs 2:9 elsewhere of God: absolute נַקֵּה לאֹ יְנַקֶּה Exod 34:7 (twice in verse) = Num 14:18 (twice in verse) (all J) = Nah 1:3 (twice in verse); with accusative לאֹ יְנַקֶּה Exod 20:7 = Deut 5:11 נַקֵּה לאֹ אֲנַקֶּךָּ Jer 30:11 (twice in verse) = Jer 46:28 (twice in verse), compare Joel 4:21 (twice in verse) (but see above).

BDB9719 H5343 H5352

BDB9718 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9720

נְקֵא adjective clean, pure (see Biblical Hebrew נקה); — ׳כַּעֲמַר נ Dan 7:9 like pure wool.

unpunished, guiltless, innocent, clear, free, …
nāqâ
to be (or make) clean (literally or figuratively); by implication (in an adverse sense) to be bare, i.e., extirpated
  • to be empty, be clear, be pure, be free, be innocent, be desolate, be cut off
    • (Qal) to be empty, be clean, be pure
      • "(Niphal)
      • to be cleaned out, be purged out
        • "to be clean, be free from guilt, be innocent"to be free, be exempt from punishment"to be free, be exempt from obligation
      (Piel)
      • to hold innocent, acquit
        • "to leave unpunished

לָ אָ֥רֶץ
לָ
Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
אָ֥רֶץ
Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

לָ
Hidden "the" לָ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: upon the ground
the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43
More options
land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.
earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).
ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.
country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.
region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.
world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

BDB779 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB781

אֶ֫רֶץ2407 noun feminineGen 10:11 & (seldom) masculineGen 13:16 earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COTGloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os9 DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ  ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
  b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
  c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.
2. land =
  a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
  b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
  c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
  d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
  e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
  g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr10. 65); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.
3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
  b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.
4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
  a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
  b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
  c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
  d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
  e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.
5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (JR) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
ʾereṣ
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • land, earth
    • earth
      • whole earth (as opposed to a part)
        • "earth (as opposed to heaven)"earth (inhabitants)
      land
      • country, territory
        • "district, region"tribal territory"piece of ground"land of Canaan, Israel"inhabitants of land"Sheol, land without return, (under) world"city, city-state
      ground, surface of the earth
      • ground
        • "soil
      (in phrases)
      • people of the land
        • "space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)"level or plain country"land of the living"end(s) of the earth
      (almost wholly late in usage)
      • lands, countries
        • often in contrast to Canaan

תֵּשֵֽׁב
תֵּשֵֽׁב
Root word dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …
Dictionary form: יָשַׁב · yaw-SHAHB

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: shall sit
the inhabitants ×105 dwelt ×69 dwell ×48 and dwelt ×38 sat ×30 and the inhabitants ×24 that dwelt ×21 to dwell ×20
More options
live — Best default for permanent residence or settlement.
sit — Physical posture; prefer for concrete, momentary action.
stay — Temporary or shorter-term presence; replaces 'abide/tarry'.
settle — Implies putting down roots; good for colonization contexts.
reside — Slightly formal; suits official or legal-register passages.
remain — Emphasizes continuing in place; good for lingering contexts.

BDB3774 H3427

BDB3773 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3775

יָשַׁב1090 verb sit, remain, dwell (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְתֵיב, ; MI10; 31 ישב, Judg 1:8; Judg 1:19 וישב, Judg 1:13 ואשב, dwell; Phoenician ישב dwell; Zinjirli ישב sit DHMSendsch. 58; Assyrian ašâbu, sit, dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabic leap, jump, Himyer. dialect sit, Lane2919; Ethiopic II. 1 secum cohabitare facere, marry, consummate marriage, compare Hiph`il 4) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular יָשַׁב Gen 13:12 +; 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judg 5:16, וְיָשַׁבְתָּה נָ֑הּ consecutive Deut 17:14 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deut 1:46; Lev 18:3, וִישַׁבְתֶּם consecutive Lev 25:18 + 7 t., etc.; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1Sam 5:7 +, יֵשֶׁבֿ Gen 44:33; Ezek 44:3, יֵ֫שֶׁב before monosyll. 1Kgs 7:8; Job 22:8 וַיֵּ֫שֶׁב Gen 4:16 +; וַיֵּשֶׁב֑ Ruth 4:1 1 singular אֵשֵׁב Judg 6:18 +, וָאֵשֵׁב Deut 9:9 + 3 t. + Ezek 3:15b (but Co אשׁר Kt); אֵשְׁבָה 1Sam 27:5 אֵשֵׁבָ֑ה Isa 49:20 וָאֵשְׁבָה Ezek 9:3 3 masculine plural יֵשְׁבוּ Gen 47:4 +; 3 feminine plural תישׁבנה Ezek 35:9 Kt (i.e. תֵּישַׁבְנָה Ol§ 242 d Köi. 401), Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה (√ שׁוב), Co proposes תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה; 1 plural נֵשֵׁב Jer 42:13; Jer 42:14, וַנֵּ֫שֶׁב Num 20:15 + 5 t.; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Gen 20:15 +, שֶׁבֿ Gen 35:1 שְׁבָה Gen 27:19 +; feminine singular שְׁבִי Gen 38:11 +; masculine plural שְׁבוּ Gen 22:5 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1Sam 20:5 construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1Sam 7:2 +; שָׁ֑בֶת Isa 40:22 +; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2Sam 7:5 +, etc.; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Gen 4:20; Gen 24:3 +, etc.; feminine ישְׁבָה Nah 3:8 י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judg 4:5 +; י(וֺ)שָׁ֑בֶת Josh 2:5; 2Kgs 4:13 ישַׁבְתְּ֯י Jer 22:23, י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת֯י Jer 10:17; Lam 4:21; Ezek 27:3 (Kt preferable in all these, see Ol§ 123 d Ges«GKC:90»§ 90. 3 a); feminine plural ישְׁבוֺת 1Sam 27:8 —
1. a. sit on (עַל) a seat 1Sam 20:25, stone Exod 17:12, teraphim Gen 31:34, couch Gen 48:2 (all E), Ezek 23:41, knees 2Kgs 4:20, throne Exod 11:5; Exod 12:29 (J), Deut 17:18; 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 4:13; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 1:17; 1Kgs 1:20 +, see absolute below; of ׳י, הַיּשֵׁב עַלחֿוּג הָאֶרֶץ Isa 40:22 dust Isa 47:1, ground (אֶרֶץ) Ezek 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6 (these in token of humiliation); sit down by (עַל) a well Exod 2:15 or pool 2Sam 2:13 with אֶל 1Sam 28:23 sit in (ב) house, street, doorway, assembly, etc. 2Sam 7:1; Judg 19:15; Gen 38:14 (J), Jer 15:17; Jer 26:10; Ps 1:1; Song 2:3 so Ezek 31:6; Ezek 31:17 (figurative); of No of Amon (personified city) הַיּשְׁבָה בַּיְאֹרִים Nah 3:8 she who sate amid the rivers; with לְ sit on to (pregnantly) לָאָרֶץ Isa 3:26; Isa 47:1; Lam 2:10, לְכִסֵּא Ps 9:5, at, לְפֶתַח בית Prov 9:14, לִימִינוֺ(יׅ 1Kgs 2:19; Ps 110:1 לַמַּבּוּל Ps 29:10 with לִפְנֵי Gen 43:33 (J), + שָׁם Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 with עִם 1Sam 20:5; Prov 31:22 with אֶתֿ Jer 16:8; Job 2:13 with תַּחַת Judg 6:11; Mic 4:4, וַיֵּשֶׁב תַּחְתֶּיהָ בַּצֵּל Jonah 4:5 with מִנֶּגֶד Gen 21:16 (twice in verse) (E), נֶגֶד Isa 47:14, מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Jonah 4:5 מִצַּד 1Sam 20:25; Ruth 2:14 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Ezek 28:2 לִשְׁפֹּט Exod 18:13; Joel 4:12 (compare Ps 9:5; Isa 28:6); hence absolute of sitting as king or judge Exod 18:14; Ps 61:8; Mal 3:3, יושׁבים Isa 10:13, perhaps Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8, especially of ׳י sitting (enthroned), Ps 2:4; Ps 9:8; Ps 29:10; Ps 55:20; Ps 102:13; Lam 5:19, so in ישֵׁב (הַ)כְּרוּבִים 1Sam 4:4; 2Sam 6:2 = 1Chr 13:6; 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 99:1 ישֵׁב תְּהִלּוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל Ps 22:4 (see with עַל, above); by meton. of thrones, for the judges sitting on them שָׁמָּה יָָֽשְׁבוּ כִסְאוֺת לְמִשְׁפָּט Ps 122:5 הַיּשְׁבִים Ruth 4:14, i.e. in the gate (compare vRuth 4:11), those in whose presence purchase of land took place.
  b. sit, sit down, absolute, Judg 19:6; Ruth 4:1; Ruth 4:2; Neh 1:4; Jer 36:15 (followed by clause of purpose, to eat, etc.) Gen 37:25; Esth 3:15 +; opposed to קוּם Exod 32:6 (JE) Ps 139:2, מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת Ps 127:2 (opposed to מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם); so Isa 37:28 = 2Kgs 19:27 (read לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ at end of v2Kgs 19:27 = 2Kgs 19:26 We in BlEinl. 4, 257 RsProph. 351, and n. 9); but also קוּמִי שְׁבִי Isa 52:2, explained by (וַיָּקָם מֵהָאָרֶץ וַיֵּשֶׁב אֶלהַֿמִּטָּה 1Sam 28:23 and) 2Sam 19:9.
  c. sit down outside (חוּץ), i.e. perform a necessity of nature Deut 23:14.
  d. sit = be set (as a jewel), ישְׁבוֺתּ עַלמִֿלֵּאת Song 5:12 set on a filling (i.e. in a setting, De and others), in description of eyes; (> others sitting by full streams).
2. a. remain, stay, tarry (for a limited or indefinite time), with אֶת person Gen 24:55 (J), Judg 19:4; 2Sam 16:8 with עִם person Gen 27:44 (J), עִמָּדִי Gen 29:19 (E), Judg 17:10 with בְ local 1Sam 7:2 (of ark), 1Sam 13:16; 1Sam 14:2; 1Sam 24:4 (1Sam 23:25 read אֲשֶׁר for וַיֵּשֶׁב ᵐ5 We Dr Klo Kit Bu), 2Sam 10:5; 2Sam 19:25 (where read שִׁבְתּוֺ for שִׁיבָתוֺ Dr Klo Bu, see We), Num 35:25 (P), Job 24:13 with שָׁם 1Kgs 11:16, שָׁם עַדעֿוֺלָם 1Sam 1:22 with על (by) 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 פֹּה 2Kgs 7:4 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה עִםֿ הַחֲמוֺר Gen 22:5 (E); with בֵּין Judg 5:16, מִחוּץ לְ Lev 14:8 (P),אֵצֶל 1Sam 20:19 with accusative בית 2Sam 6:11; 2Sam 13:20; Ruth 2:7 absolute 1Sam 1:23 (twice in verse); abide, endure Mic 5:3, וְיהוּדָה לְעוֺלָם תֵּשֵׁב Joel 4:20, so of Mt. Zion Ps 121:1.
  b. with special emphasis on qualifying phrase, וַתֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵיתָן קַשְׁתּוֺ Gen 49:24 and his bow abode as a firm one (poem in J); 1Kgs 22:1 and they continued three years without war; of woman remaining בִּדְמֵי טָהֳרָה Lev 12:4, ׳עלדֿמי וגו vLev 12:5.
3. dwell, have one's abode in (ב) a land, city, house, etc., Gen 4:16; Gen 13:7; Gen 13:12 (twice in verse); Gen 19:29; Gen 24:37; Gen 24:62; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:2; Josh 20:6; 2Sam 7:6 + often (on 2Sam 21:16 see ישׁבו בְנֹב, p. 444); in tents Jer 35:7; Jer 35:10; 1Chr 5:10 figurative of justice (צְדָקָה) Isa 32:16 (|| וְשָׁכֵן מִשְׁפָּט); in the midst of (בְּקֶרֶב) Gen 24:3; Josh 13:13; Josh 16:10; Judg 1:30; Judg 1:32; Judg 1:33; Judg 3:5 so with בְּתוֺךְ Gen 23:10 (P); with עַל + הארץ, of God 1Kgs 8:27 = 2Chr 6:18 of people Lev 25:18; Lev 25:19; Lev 26:35 (H); with לְ Job 15:28 with בֵּין Gen 20:1 (E); dwell with (אֶת) Gen 34:16; Gen 34:22 (P), Exod 2:21 (E), Josh 15:63 (JE), Judg 1:16; Judg 1:21; Judg 17:11 יֵשְׁבוּ יְשָׁרִים אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ Ps 140:14 so with עִם Josh 20:4; Deut 23:17 (+ בקרב), Ps 26:4 (i.e. assoc. with); with יַחְדָּו Gen 13:6 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 36:7 (P), Deut 25:5 שֶׁבֶת גַּםיָֿ֑חַד Ps 133:1 dwell in their stead (תַּחְתָּם) Deut 2:12 (twice in verse); Deut 2:22; Deut 2:23; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22 absolute לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ Isa 45:18 for dwelling he formed it (the earth); (thy) dwelling-place is מְקוֺם שִׁבְתְּךָ 1Kgs 8:30 = 2Chr 6:21, also ׳מְכוֺן שׁ 1Kgs 8:39; 1Kgs 8:43; 1Kgs 8:49 = 2Chr 6:30; 2Chr 6:33; 2Chr 6:39, so Ps 33:14 ׳מָכוֺן לְש֔ Exod 15:17; 1Kgs 8:13 = 2Chr 6:2. Participle ישֵׁב = substantive, dweller, inhabitant, very often (c. 215 t.): e.g. ישֵׁב אהלים Gen 25:27 (J); often collective ישֵׁב אהל Gen 4:20 (J), ישׁב הָאָרֶץ Gen 34:30; Gen 50:11 (both J), Exod 34:12; Exod 34:15 (JE); also in poetry f., (as collective; see Dr on 1Sam 17:21) יוֺשֶׁבֶת שָׁפִיר etc., MI 1Sam 1:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 1:15 יוֺשֶׁבֶת צִיּוֺן Isa 12:6; Jer 51:35 similarly Jer 10:17; Jer 21:23; Jer 48:19 (compare Lam 4:21) Zech 2:11 with בת in app. (Da§28 R. 6), יוֺשֶׁבֶת בַּתמִֿצְרַיִם Jer 46:19, so Jer 48:18 more usually plural ישְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים Gen 19:25 (J), compare Deut 13:14 ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ Exod 23:21 (JE), compare Exod 15:14; Exod 15:15 (poem in E); ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל Isa 18:3, יוֺשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Isa 38:11, etc.; ישְׁבֶיהָ Lev 18:25; Lev 25:10 (H), Num 13:32 (P); absolute יוֺשֵׁב (collective) Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8; Isa 49:19 הַיוֺשְׁבִים 1Chr 9:2 also (strangely) ישְׁבוֺת הארץ 1Sam 27:8 = the populations of the land We Dr (elsewhere in this sense only feminine singular and in poetry, see above); frequently in phrase without in habitant (i.e. so that there shall be no inhabitants), מֵאֵין ישׁב Isa 5:9; Isa 6:4; Isa 26:9; Isa 33:10; Isa 34:23; Jer 44:22; Jer 46:19; Jer 51:29; Jer 51:37; Zeph 2:5; Zeph 3:6 מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב בָּהֶן Jer 48:9 מִבְּלִי ישֵׁב Jer 2:15; Jer 9:10 לאֹ יִהְיֶה יוֺשֵב בָּהּ Jer 50:3 לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֺתבּֿוֺ יוֺשֵׁב Jer 51:62.
4. of a land or city, sit, abide seated in its place, figurative for be inhabited Jer 17:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 50:13; Jer 50:39; Ezek 26:20; Ezek 29:11; Ezek 36:35; Isa 13:20 (|| לאֹ תִּשְׁכּוֺן), Zech 2:8; Zech 9:5; Zech 14:11 יָָֽשְׂבָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Ezek 35:9 Kt is תישׁבנה, Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה; Co תושׁבנה, i.e. Niph`al תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה (compare Ezek 36:10), or Hoph`al תּוּשַׁבְנָה (compare Isa 44:26); of palace, וְאַרְמוֺן עַלמִֿשְׁפָּטוֺ יֵשֵׁב Jer 30:18. Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jer 6:8 3 plural וְנָֽשְׁבוּ consecutive Ezek 36:10, נוֺשָׂ֑בוּ Ezek 26:19, נוֺשָׁ֑בֻ֯ה Jer 22:6 Participle feminine נוֺשֶׁבֶת Ezek 26:17 ( < נִשְׁבַּתְּ ᵐ5 Co, √ שׁבת), נוֺשָׁ֑בֶת Exod 16:35 plural נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 12:20; Ezek 38:12 — be inhabited, of land Exod 16:35 (perhaps = be habitable), Jer 6:8 of cities Jer 22:6; Ezek 12:20; Ezek 26:19; Ezek 36:10 חֳרָבוֺת נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 38:12 — Ezek 26:17 see above; Ezek 35:9 see
Qal 4. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ טִירוֺתֵיהֶם בָּ֑ךְ Ezek 25:4 and they shall set their encampments in thee (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co וְיֵשְׁבוּ inhabit. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14, suffix הוֺשַׁיבַנִי Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 1 singular הוֺשַׁבְתִּי Lev 23:33, וְה(וֺ)שַׁבְתִּים consecutive Hos 11:11; Jer 32:37 וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים consecutive Zech 10:6 (Köi, 413; but probably text error, see Thes and GesLgb 464; read probably וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים as vZech 10:10, so StaZAW. 1881, 21 We), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:11, וַיּוֺ֫שֶׁב 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 suffix וַיּוֺשִׁיבַי֯נִי 1Kgs 2:24 (Köi, 414. 224); וַיּשִׁיבֵם Job 36:7 1 plural ונּ֫שֶׁב Ezra 10:2, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:6 masculine plural ה(וֺ)שִׁיבוּ 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:10 Infinitive construct ה(וֺ)שִׁיב 1Sam 2:8; Neh 13:27 הוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:8 (Ol§ 123 d; read בוֺ-, see Che); Participle absolute מוֺשִׁיב Ps 68:7, construct מוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:9 (Oll.c. Gesl.c.); —
1. cause to sit with accusative of person + על כסא 1Kgs 2:24; 2Chr 23:20 so (without על כסא) + לָנֶצַח Job 36:7 set, place with accusative of person + נֶגְדּוֺ 1Kgs 21:10, also v1Kgs 21:9, v1Kgs 21:12 (בְּראֹשׁ הָעָם).
2. cause to abide (accusative of person) at (ב) 1Sam 30:21.
3. a. cause to dwell, with accusative of person + ב location 1Sam 12:8; 2Kgs 17:6; Hos 12:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:11 (P), Lev 23:43 (H), Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 בְּאֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת Ezek 26:20 accusative of person omitted 2Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 17:26 accusative of person + שָׁם 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 accusative of person + עַלהַֿבָּתִּים Hos 11:11 (but read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים We); accusative of person omitted, with עם person 1Sam 2:8; Ps 113:8 מוֺשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּ֫יְתָה Ps 68:7 causing solitary ones to dwell in a house (or is מוֺשִׁיב for מֵשִׁיב Bae?); with accusative of person only עֲקֶרֶת הַבַּיִת ׳מושׁ Ps 113:9 giving a dwelling to her that is barren of house; absolute with לָבֶ֫טַח Jer 32:37; Ps 4:9 absolute with כְּקַדְמוֺתֵיכֶם Ezek 36:11. On Zech 10:6, see above
  b. cause cities (עָרִים) to be inhabited Ezek 36:33; Isa 54:3.
4. marry (properly give a dwelling to, compare Ps 113:9), only Ezra Nehemiah, and only with accusative נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת strange or foreign women Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Neh 13:27 so השִׁיבוּ נָשִׁים אַשְׁדֳּו֯דִיּוֺת Neh 13:23. Hoph`al Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם לְבַדְּכֶם בְּקֶרֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ Isa 5:8 and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land. Imperfect הָאֹמֵר לִירוּשָׁלַםִ תּוּשָׁב֑ Isa 44:26 he who saith of Jerusalem, she shall be inhabited. Ezek 35:9 see Qal 4.

BDB9601 H3488 H3427

BDB9600 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9602

יְתִב (K§ 25 a) β)) verb sit, dwell (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew ישׁב); —

Pe`al 1. sit, be seated: Perfect 3 masculine singular יְתִב Dan 7:9 and (of judgment = the judge) vDan 7:10, so Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתִּ֑ב (K§ 43.1.Beisp. b), compare Biblical Hebrew יֵשֵׁב) Dan 7:26.
2. dwell, Participle plural absolute יָתְבִין Ezra 4:17 (ב location). Haph`el cause to dwell: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺתֵב Ezra 4:10 (accusative + ב location).

dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …
yāšab
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
  • to dwell, remain, sit, abide
    • (Qal)
      • to sit, sit down
        • "to be set"to remain, stay"to dwell, have one's abode
      (Niphal) to be inhabited"(Piel) to set, place"(Hiphil)
      • to cause to sit
        • "to cause to abide, set"to cause to dwell"to cause (cities) to be inhabited"to marry (give an dwelling to)
      (Hophal)
      • to be inhabited
        • "to make to dwell

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְאָנ֥וּ וְאָבְל֖וּ Tipeha — a lesser break פְּתָחֶ֑יהָ Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְנִקָּ֖תָה Tipeha — a lesser break לָאָ֥רֶץ תֵּשֵֽׁב Silluq — end of the verse

וְאָנוּ וְאָבְלוּ פְּתָחֶיהָ וְנִקָּתָה לָאָרֶץ תֵּשֵֽׁב׃
26
And her gates shall lament and mourn; and she being desolate shall sit upon the ground.
Cross References

Lamentations 2:10

יֵשְׁבוּ לָאָרֶץ יִדְּמוּ זִקְנֵי בַת-צִיּוֹן הֶֽעֱלוּ עָפָר עַל-רֹאשָׁם חָגְרוּ שַׂקִּים הוֹרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ רֹאשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
10
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

Jeremiah 14:2

אָבְלָה יְהוּדָה וּשְׁעָרֶיהָ אֻמְלְלוּ קָדְרוּ לָאָרֶץ וְצִוְחַת יְרוּשָׁלִַם עָלָֽתָה׃
2
Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish; they are black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.

Lamentations 1:4

דַּרְכֵי צִיּוֹן אֲבֵלוֹת מִבְּלִי בָּאֵי מוֹעֵד כָּל-שְׁעָרֶיהָ שֽׁוֹמֵמִין כֹּהֲנֶיהָ נֶאֱנָחִים בְּתוּלֹתֶיהָ נּוּגוֹת וְהִיא מַר-לָֽהּ׃
4
The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness.

Job 2:13

וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ אִתּוֹ לָאָרֶץ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְשִׁבְעַת לֵילוֹת וְאֵין-דֹּבֵר אֵלָיו דָּבָר כִּי רָאוּ כִּֽי-גָדַל הַכְּאֵב מְאֹֽד׃
13
So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word unto him: for they saw that his grief was very great.

Luke 19:44

καὶ ἐδαφιοῦσίν σε καὶ τὰ τέκνα σου ἐν σοί καὶ οὐκ ἀφήσουσιν ἐν σοί λίθον ἐπὶ λίθῳ· ἀνθ ὧν οὐκ ἔγνως τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς σου
44
And shall lay even with the ground, thee and thy children within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.

Ezekiel 26:16

וְֽיָרְדוּ מֵעַל כִּסְאוֹתָם כֹּל נְשִׂיאֵי הַיָּם וְהֵסִירוּ אֶת-מְעִילֵיהֶם וְאֶת-בִּגְדֵי רִקְמָתָם יִפְשֹׁטוּ חֲרָדוֹת׀ יִלְבָּשׁוּ עַל-הָאָרֶץ יֵשֵׁבוּ וְחָֽרְדוּ לִרְגָעִים וְשָׁמְמוּ עָלָֽיִךְ׃
16
Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay away their robes, and put off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble at every moment, and be astonished at thee.

Job 2:8

וַיִּֽקַּֽח-לוֹ חֶרֶשׂ לְהִתְגָּרֵד בּוֹ וְהוּא יֹשֵׁב בְּתוֹךְ-הָאֵֽפֶר׃
8
And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes.

Isaiah 47:1

רְדִי׀ וּשְׁבִי עַל-עָפָר בְּתוּלַת בַּת-בָּבֶל שְׁבִי-לָאָרֶץ אֵין-כִּסֵּא בַּת-כַּשְׂדִּים כִּי לֹא תוֹסִיפִי יִקְרְאוּ-לָךְ רַכָּה וַעֲנֻגָּֽה׃
1
Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.
Isaiah 3:25
Read Isaiah 3