Isaiah 47:1 — Hebrew Word by Word

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Word Parts

רְדִ֣י

Root word down, descended, descend, went, come, …

Dictionary form: יָרַד · yaw-RAHD

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqv2fs

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person feminine singular simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

רְדִי

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperative Person Second Person Gender Feminine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: come down

came down ×23 went down ×23 come down ×17 go down ×17 them that go down ×10 and went down ×9 shall come down ×9 to go down ×6

More options

go down — Most neutral, general-purpose rendering for movement downward.

descend — Slightly formal; good for elevated or ceremonial contexts.

come down — Preferred when motion is toward the speaker or reader.

drop down — Useful for rapid or sudden downward movement.

sink — Best when subject gradually lowers, e.g. into water or despair.

go down to — Idiomatic for traveling to a lower-elevation destination, e.g. Egypt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3717 H3381

יָרַד₃₈₀ verb come or go down, descend (Late Hebrew id.; MI³² וארד and רד; Assyrian arâdu, Dl^{HWB 240}; Arabic come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic descend; Sabean ורד and הורד id., DHM in MV) —

Qal₃₀₆ Perfect יָרַד Exod 19:18 +; יְרַד Judg 5:13 (twice in verse) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד Judg 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Imperfect יֵרֵד Gen 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Gen 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2Sam 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּ֫רֶד (אֵשׁׅ 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12 תּרַד Jer 13:17; Lam 3:48 תֵּדֵֿ֔ Isa 34:5; Isa 63:14 תֵּרֵ֑ד Ezek 26:11 (יוֺרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Gen 24:16 + 7 t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּרֵד Gen 26:2 + 5 t. + 1Sam 20:19, where read תִּפָּקֵד We Dr., compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7; 1 singular אֵרֵד Gen 37:35 + 3 t.; וָאֵרֵד Exod 3:8 + 3 t.; cohortative אֵרְדָהנָֿא Gen 18:21 יֵרְדוּ 1Sam 13:12 + 4 t.; וַיֵּרְדוּ Gen 42:3 + 19 t.; 3 feminine plural תֵּרַדְנָה Jer 14:17 + 2 t.; 1 plural נֵרֵד Gen 43:5 cohortative נֵרְדָה Gen 11:7 + 2 t.; וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2Kgs 10:13 Imperative רֵד Exod 19:21 +; רְדָה Gen 45:9; Ezek 32:19 רֵ֑דָה 2Kgs 1:9; 2Kgs 1:11 feminine singular רְדִי Jer 48:18; Isa 47:1 masculine plural רְדוּ Gen 42:2 + 5 t.; Infinitive absolute יָרֹד Gen 43:20 construct רֶ֫דֶת Gen 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה Gen 46:3 (see Kö^{i. 402}); suffix רִדְתִּי Ps 30:10, etc. (in Ps 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֺרְדֵי, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Che Bae, see Ol^{§§ 160 b, 245d}); Participle יוֺרֵד Judg 9:36 +; feminine singular יֹרְדָה Lam 1:16 (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת Eccl 3:21; 1Sam 25:30, etc.; —

1. a. come or go down: from (מִן) a mountain Exod 19:14; Exod 32:1; Exod 32:15 (all E), Exod 34:29 (twice in verse) (JE), Deut 9:15; Deut 10:5; Num 20:28 (P) +; absolute Exod 19:21; Exod 19:24 (J), vExod 19:25 (J; with אֶל person); from the air, of birds, followed by עַל Gen 15:11 (JE).
b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, absolute Judg 5:14 followed by לָעֵמֶק Judg 1:34 followed by לַשְּׁעָרִים Judg 5:11 followed by אֶל vJudg 5:10 vJudg 5:11, compare 1Sam 17:8 (followed by אֶל person); followed by לִקְרַאת Judg 7:24 followed by אַחֲרֵי person 1Sam 14:36 followed by ב location Judg 7:9 בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְפָּה 1Sam 26:10, compare 1Sam 29:4; 1Sam 30:24 of single combat, וַיַּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2Sam 23:21 = 1Chr 11:23.
c. go down to (accusative) threshing-floor, Ruth 3:3; Ruth 3:5 (from David's palace) to Uriah's house (אֶל) 2Sam 11:9; 2Sam 11:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 11:13 from temple to (accusative) king's house Jer 36:12 (+ עַללִֿשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּיתמֶֿלֶךְ יְהוּדָח Jer 22:1, etc.
d. go down (absolute) from Palestine to Egypt Gen 42:3 (E), vGen 42:38 (J) + 6 t. J E; followed by אֵלַי Gen 45:9 (E); followed by מִעְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 46:3; Gen 46:4 (E), Gen 12:10; Gen 26:2 (both J), Num 20:15 (JE); followed by מִצְרֵיִם Josh 24:4 (E), Gen 43:15 (J), Isa 30:2; Isa 31:1; Isa 52:4 followed by שָׁמָּה Gen 42:2 (E) ; so to Philistine cities Judg 14:19; Judg 16:31; 1Sam 13:20; Amos 6:2.
e. from Jerusalem, absolute Judg 1:9; 1Kgs 1:25; Neh 6:3; 2Chr 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2Kgs 8:21 = 2Kgs 9:26 = 2Chr 22:6 to Samaria 1Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 18:2 (to Gihon) 1Sam 1:38, etc. feminine from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֺת הַחַטָּאת Lev 9:22 (P); from chariot, with מֵעַל Judg 4:15 from ass, with מֵעַל 1Sam 25:23 from throne, with מֵעַל Ezek 26:16, absolute Isa 47:1, compare רְדִי מִכָּבוֺד Jer 48:18 from ships, with מִן Ezek 27:29 from bed, with מִן 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16 (all opposed to עלה).
g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה Gen 24:16; Gen 24:45 (J); followed by לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Exod 2:5 (E), compare (absolute) 2Kgs 5:14 followed by accusative הַסֶּלַע 1Sam 23:25 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם Isa 42:10 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֺת Ps 107:23 absolute (into pit or well) 2Sam 23:30 = 1Chr 11:22, followed by שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2Sam 17:18. וְיָרַדְתִּי֯ Judg 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי (√ רוד, wander about), RS in Bla.
h. = sink, in water יָָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֺלוֺת כְּמוֺאָֿ֑בֶן Exod 15:5 (song in E); לְקִצְבֵי הָרַים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7 more generally, opposed to rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵָֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֺת Ps 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֺמוֺת Ps 107:26.
i. go down to She'ôl: followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה Gen 37:35 (J; + אֶלבְּֿנִי), Num 16:30; Num 16:33 (JE), Ezek 31:15; Ezek 31:17 followed by שְׁאוֺל Ezek 32:27; Ps 55:16; Job 7:6 (opposed to עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Job 17:16 absolute Isa 5:14; Ezek 32:19 (|| הָשְׁכְּבָה), vEzek 32:21 vEzek 32:30, Ps 49:15 (followed by אַחֲרָיו); יָָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ezek 32:24 followed by שַׁחַת Job 33:24, אֶלשַֿׁחַת Ps 30:10 followed by בּוֺר Ps 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי); יוֺרְדֵי אֶלאַֿבְנֵיבֿוֺר Isa 14:19 ; יוֺרְדֵי בוֺר Ps 28:1; Ezek 26:20 (twice in verse) (|| אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת) + 11 t. (see בּוֺר); יוֺרְדֵי עָפָר Ps 22:30 יוֺרְדֵי דוּמָה Ps 115:17 (|| הַמֵּתִים); רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Prov 5:5, compare Prov 7:27 (|| דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֺל); note also מִי יוֺדֵעַר֗֗֗וּךְַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמִטָּה לָאָרֶץ Eccl 3:21 (opposed to הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָ֑עְלָה; read חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss, see VB).
j. figurative יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Isa 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears (|| יְיֵלֵיל; compare 3 c).
k. = be prostrated, absolute, of horses and riders Hag 2:22, compare Isa 34:7, perhaps also Jer 48:15; Jer 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח); forest Isa 32:19; Zech 11:2 city Deut 20:20; Lam 1:9 wall Deut 28:52 nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Deut 28:43 (opposed to עלה); מַצֵּבוֺת Ezek 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ (where Co ויחרדו).

2. of divine manifestations: descend, of ׳י in theoph. [על ההר֑]יָרַד עָלָיו בָּאֵשׁ ׳י Exod 19:11; Exod 19:18 (E), vExod 19:20 (J; אֶלרֿאֹשׁ הָהָר), compare Neh 9:13 צְבָאוֺת לִצְבּאֹ עַלהַֿרצִֿיּוֺן ׳יֵרֵד י Isa 31:4 absolute Gen 11:5; Gen 11:7; Gen 18:21; Exod 3:8 (all J), Num 11:17 (JE), 2Sam 22:10 = Ps 18:10 (compare Ps 144:5), Mic 1:3; Isa 63:19; Isa 64:2 וַיֵּרֶד בֶּעָנָן ׳י Exod 34:5; Num 11:25, compare Num 12:5 (all J E); of pillar of cloud Exod 33:9 (JE); מִי עָלָהשָֿׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֓ד Prov 30:4 of angels on סֻלָּם; עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֺ Gen 28:12 (E).

3. of inanimate things:
a. hail with עַל person Exod 9:19 (J); dew with עַל location Num 11:9 (JE), Ps 133:3 rain (as אָבָק and עָפָר), followed by מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על person Deut 28:24, so in simile of future king יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַלגֵּֿז Ps 72:6 of גְּשֶׁם and שֶׁלֶג, with מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם Isa 55:10 manna (with עַל location) Num 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן) heaven 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1, absolute 2Chr 7:3.
b. waters, flowing down הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִןהָֿהָר Deut 9:21, compare Josh 3:13 (followed by מִלְמָ֑עָלָה), vJosh 3:16 followed by עַליַֿם הָעֲרָבָה vJosh 3:16 עַלהָֿעֲרָבָה Ezek 47:8 followed by מִן Ezek 47:1.
c. tears, פַּלְגֵימַֿיִם יָָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י Ps 119:36, and so Lam 3:48 also עֵינִי יֹרְדָה מַיִם Lam 1:16, and so Jer 9:17; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:17 (compare also Isa 15:3, 1 j).
d. of oil descending upon (על) beard, etc. Ps 133:2 (twice in verse).
e. of shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8 (twice in verse). feminine of boundary going down (from or to a place) Josh 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Num 34:11 (twice in verse); Num 34:12; Josh 15:10; Josh 16:7; Josh 17:9; Josh 18:13; Josh 18:16.
g. come down, absolute of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Jer 13:18.
h. pride of power Ezek 30:6.
i. of calamity ׳מֵאֵת י Mic 1:12 עַלדְֿקְדוֺ חֲמָסוֺ יֵרֵד Ps 7:17 of sword descending on (על) Edom Isa 34:5.
j. figurative of words of talebearer; יָרְדוּ חַדְרֵיבָּֿ֑טֶן Prov 18:8 = Prov 26:22. — See also above 1 k.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺרִד 2Kgs 16:17 וְהוֺרִיד consecutive Amos 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד); 2 masculine singular וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ 1Kgs 2:9 2 feminine singular suffix הוֺרַדְתֵּנִי Josh 2:18 (see Baer^n. and Kö^{i. 412}); הוֺרִידוּ 1Sam 6:15; Lam 2:10 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺרֶד Judg 7:5 + 5 t. (+ 1Kgs 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד for וַיָּרֶד, see רדד); suffix יוֺרִידֵנִי Obad 1:3 יוֺרִדֵהוּ 1Sam 30:16; 1Kgs 17:23 וַיֹּרִדֵם 1Kgs 18:40 2 masculine singular וְלֹא תּוֺרֵד 1Kgs 2:6 suffix (הֲ)תוֺרִדֵנִי 1Sam 30:15, תּוֺרִדֵם Ps 55:24 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הִוֺרֵד Exod 33:5 + 2 t.; suffix הוֺרִדֵהוּ Ezek 32:18 הוֺרִידֵמוֺ Ps 59:12 feminine singular הוֺרִידִי Lam 2:18 masculine plural הוֺרִידוּ Gen 43:7; Gen 43:11 suffix הוֺרִדֻהוּ Gen 44:21 Infinitive construct לְהוֺרִיד Gen 37:25 suffix הוֺרִדִי Ezek 31:16 Participle מוֺרִיד 1Sam 2:6 מֹרִיד 2Sam 22:48 — cause to come or go down:

1. a. bring down (to Egypt), with accusative of person + שָׁ֫מָּה Gen 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה Gen 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי Gen 44:21 absolute Gen 43:7 with accusative of thing Gen 43:11 + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 37:25 absolute Gen 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Deut 1:25 (followed by אֵלֵינוּ); to (אֶל) Amalekites 1Sam 30:15 (twice in verse); absolute v1Sam 30:16 bring down (object person or thing) אָלהַֿמַּיִם Judg 7:4; Judg 7:5 אֶלנַֿ֫חַל Deut 21:4; 1Kgs 18:40 יָ֫מָּה 1Kgs 5:23 to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה) Judg 16:21 from Jerusalem to Gihon, with עַל (Qr אֶל) 1Kgs 1:33 to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל) Joel 1Kgs 4:2 from (מִן) temple (to king's house) 2Kgs 11:19 = 2Chr 23:20 from (מֵעַל) altar 1Kgs 1:53 from (מִן) upper chamber, followed by הַבַּ֫יְתָה 1Kgs 17:23 from (מִן) the heavens Amos 9:2 Edom, from (מִן) nest in rocks Jer 49:16; Obad 1:4 compare of Israel כְּעוֺף הַשָּׁמַיִם Hos 7:12 with accusative of limit (אֶרֶץ) Obad 1:3 bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ) ships Isa 43:14 (see VB).
b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם) Ezek 34:26, compare Joel 2:23 = cause to flow down, object spittle, וַיּוֺרֶד רִירוֺ אֶלזְֿקָנוֺ 1Sam 21:14 tears הוֺרִידִי כַנַּחל דִּמְעָה Lam 2:18 water-streams וַיּוֺרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֺת מָ֑יִם Ps 78:16.
c. = lay prostrate, prostrate הוֺרִיד מִמֵךְ עֻזֵּךְ Amos 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד), compare Prov 21:22 וְאוֺרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֺשְׁבִים Isa 10:13 of God's casting down peoples Ps 56:8; Isa 63:6 (followed by לָאָרֶץ); מוֺרִיד עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּנוּ 2Sam 22:48 (וַּיַּדְבֵּר in || Ps 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֺחַ Jer 51:40 so Ps 59:12 (si vera lectio; ᵑ6 וַהֲנִידֵמוֺ make them vagabonds, see Lag^{Proph. Chald. (1872), xlviii.} VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr^{2Sam 15:20}).
d. bring down to She'ôl מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֺרִיד שְׁאוֺל וַיָּ֑עַל׃ ׳י 1Sam 2:6 followed by שְׁא(וֺ)ל also 1Kgs 2:6; 1Kgs 2:9 followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה (object grey hair) Gen 42:38; Gen 44:29; Gen 44:31 (all J); compare Ezek 26:30; Ezek 31:16; Ezek 32:18 followed by לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת Ps 55:24 לַשַּׁחַת Ezek 28:8.

2. take down (from cart) 1Sam 6:15 the sea from upon (מֵעַל) the brazen oxen 2Kgs 16:17 corpse from (מִן) tree Josh 8:29, and (מֵעַל) Josh 10:27 (both J E); the מִשְׁכָּן Num 1:51 (P); the פָּרֹכֶת Num 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ Exod 33:5 (JE).

3. let down וַתֹּ֫רֶד כַּדָּהּ עַליָֿדָהּ Gen 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ vGen 24:46, to give one a drink; וַיּוֺרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶתאַֿמְתַּחְתוֺ אָ֑רְצָה Gen 44:11 (all J); object person Josh 2:18, בַּחֶבֶל בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן vJosh 2:15 (both J E); בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן 1Sam 19:12 compare also הוֺרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ ראֹשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם Lam 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground.

Hoph`al Perfect הוּרַד Gen 39:1 + 2 t. + 1Sam 30:34 Kt (Qr Qal Participle); וְהוּרַד consecutive Zech 10:11 2 masculine singular וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ezek 31:18 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תּוּרַד Isa 14:15 —

1. be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה 1Sam 30:24 Kt (see above); to She'ôl הוּרַד שְׁאוֺל גְּאוֺנֶ֖ךָ Isa 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶלשְֿׁאוֺל תּוּרַד אֶליַֿרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר vIsa 14:15 וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ אֶלאֶֿרֶץ תַּחְתִּית Ezek 31:18 וְהוּרַד גְּאוֺן אַשּׁוּר Zech 10:11. — In Amos 3:11 We reads וְהוּרַד ממך (see Hiph`il above)

2. be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן Num 10:17 (P).

Strong's Definition H3381

down, descended, descend, went, come, …

yārad

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)

to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

(Qal)

to go or come down

to bring down

to be brought down

Variations 143 forms of this word

Translations 211 English renderings

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Word Parts

וּ שְׁבִ֣י

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שְׁבִ֣י

Root word dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …

Dictionary form: יָשַׁב · yaw-SHAHB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Vqv2fs

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person feminine singular simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

וּ	Speech Conjunction
שְׁבִי	Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperative Person Second Person Gender Feminine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: and sit

the inhabitants ×105 dwelt ×69 dwell ×48 and dwelt ×38 sat ×30 and the inhabitants ×24 that dwelt ×21 to dwell ×20

More options

live — Best default for permanent residence or settlement.

sit — Physical posture; prefer for concrete, momentary action.

stay — Temporary or shorter-term presence; replaces 'abide/tarry'.

settle — Implies putting down roots; good for colonization contexts.

reside — Slightly formal; suits official or legal-register passages.

remain — Emphasizes continuing in place; good for lingering contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3774 H3427

יָשַׁב₁₀₉₀ verb sit, remain, dwell (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְתֵיב, ; MI^{10; 31} ישב, Judg 1:8; Judg 1:19 וישב, Judg 1:13 ואשב, dwell; Phoenician ישב dwell; Zinjirli ישב sit DHM^{Sendsch. 58}; Assyrian ašâbu, sit, dwell, Dl^{HWB 244}; Arabic leap, jump, Himyer. dialect sit, Lane²⁹¹⁹; Ethiopic II. 1 secum cohabitare facere, marry, consummate marriage, compare Hiph`il 4) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular יָשַׁב Gen 13:12 +; 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judg 5:16, וְיָשַׁבְתָּה נָ֑הּ consecutive Deut 17:14 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deut 1:46; Lev 18:3, וִישַׁבְתֶּם consecutive Lev 25:18 + 7 t., etc.; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1Sam 5:7 +, יֵשֶׁבֿ Gen 44:33; Ezek 44:3, יֵ֫שֶׁב before monosyll. 1Kgs 7:8; Job 22:8 וַיֵּ֫שֶׁב Gen 4:16 +; וַיֵּשֶׁב֑ Ruth 4:1 1 singular אֵשֵׁב Judg 6:18 +, וָאֵשֵׁב Deut 9:9 + 3 t. + Ezek 3:15b (but Co אשׁר Kt); אֵשְׁבָה 1Sam 27:5 אֵשֵׁבָ֑ה Isa 49:20 וָאֵשְׁבָה Ezek 9:3 3 masculine plural יֵשְׁבוּ Gen 47:4 +; 3 feminine plural תישׁבנה Ezek 35:9 Kt (i.e. תֵּישַׁבְנָה Ol^{§ 242 d} Kö^{i. 401}), Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה (√ שׁוב), Co proposes תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה; 1 plural נֵשֵׁב Jer 42:13; Jer 42:14, וַנֵּ֫שֶׁב Num 20:15 + 5 t.; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Gen 20:15 +, שֶׁבֿ Gen 35:1 שְׁבָה Gen 27:19 +; feminine singular שְׁבִי Gen 38:11 +; masculine plural שְׁבוּ Gen 22:5 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1Sam 20:5 construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1Sam 7:2 +; שָׁ֑בֶת Isa 40:22 +; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2Sam 7:5 +, etc.; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Gen 4:20; Gen 24:3 +, etc.; feminine ישְׁבָה Nah 3:8 י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judg 4:5 +; י(וֺ)שָׁ֑בֶת Josh 2:5; 2Kgs 4:13 ישַׁבְתְּ֯י Jer 22:23, י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת֯י Jer 10:17; Lam 4:21; Ezek 27:3 (Kt preferable in all these, see Ol^{§ 123 d} Ges^{«GKC:90»§ 90}. 3 a); feminine plural ישְׁבוֺת 1Sam 27:8 —

1. a. sit on (עַל) a seat 1Sam 20:25, stone Exod 17:12, teraphim Gen 31:34, couch Gen 48:2 (all E), Ezek 23:41, knees 2Kgs 4:20, throne Exod 11:5; Exod 12:29 (J), Deut 17:18; 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 4:13; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 1:17; 1Kgs 1:20 +, see absolute below; of ׳י, הַיּשֵׁב עַלחֿוּג הָאֶרֶץ Isa 40:22 dust Isa 47:1, ground (אֶרֶץ) Ezek 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6 (these in token of humiliation); sit down by (עַל) a well Exod 2:15 or pool 2Sam 2:13 with אֶל 1Sam 28:23 sit in (ב) house, street, doorway, assembly, etc. 2Sam 7:1; Judg 19:15; Gen 38:14 (J), Jer 15:17; Jer 26:10; Ps 1:1; Song 2:3 so Ezek 31:6; Ezek 31:17 (figurative); of No of Amon (personified city) הַיּשְׁבָה בַּיְאֹרִים Nah 3:8 she who sate amid the rivers; with לְ sit on to (pregnantly) לָאָרֶץ Isa 3:26; Isa 47:1; Lam 2:10, לְכִסֵּא Ps 9:5, at, לְפֶתַח בית Prov 9:14, לִימִינוֺ(יׅ 1Kgs 2:19; Ps 110:1 לַמַּבּוּל Ps 29:10 with לִפְנֵי Gen 43:33 (J), + שָׁם Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 with עִם 1Sam 20:5; Prov 31:22 with אֶתֿ Jer 16:8; Job 2:13 with תַּחַת Judg 6:11; Mic 4:4, וַיֵּשֶׁב תַּחְתֶּיהָ בַּצֵּל Jonah 4:5 with מִנֶּגֶד Gen 21:16 (twice in verse) (E), נֶגֶד Isa 47:14, מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Jonah 4:5 מִצַּד 1Sam 20:25; Ruth 2:14 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Ezek 28:2 לִשְׁפֹּט Exod 18:13; Joel 4:12 (compare Ps 9:5; Isa 28:6); hence absolute of sitting as king or judge Exod 18:14; Ps 61:8; Mal 3:3, יושׁבים Isa 10:13, perhaps Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8, especially of ׳י sitting (enthroned), Ps 2:4; Ps 9:8; Ps 29:10; Ps 55:20; Ps 102:13; Lam 5:19, so in ישֵׁב (הַ)כְּרוּבִים 1Sam 4:4; 2Sam 6:2 = 1Chr 13:6; 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 99:1 ישֵׁב תְּהִלּוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל Ps 22:4 (see with עַל, above); by meton. of thrones, for the judges sitting on them שָׁמָּה יָָֽשְׁבוּ כִסְאוֺת לְמִשְׁפָּט Ps 122:5 הַיּשְׁבִים Ruth 4:14, i.e. in the gate (compare vRuth 4:11), those in whose presence purchase of land took place.
b. sit, sit down, absolute, Judg 19:6; Ruth 4:1; Ruth 4:2; Neh 1:4; Jer 36:15 (followed by clause of purpose, to eat, etc.) Gen 37:25; Esth 3:15 +; opposed to קוּם Exod 32:6 (JE) Ps 139:2, מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת Ps 127:2 (opposed to מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם); so Isa 37:28 = 2Kgs 19:27 (read לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ at end of v2Kgs 19:27 = 2Kgs 19:26 We in Bl^{Einl. 4, 257} Rs^{Proph. 351, and n. 9}); but also קוּמִי שְׁבִי Isa 52:2, explained by (וַיָּקָם מֵהָאָרֶץ וַיֵּשֶׁב אֶלהַֿמִּטָּה 1Sam 28:23 and) 2Sam 19:9.
c. sit down outside (חוּץ), i.e. perform a necessity of nature Deut 23:14.
d. sit = be set (as a jewel), ישְׁבוֺתּ עַלמִֿלֵּאת Song 5:12 set on a filling (i.e. in a setting, De and others), in description of eyes; (> others sitting by full streams).

2. a. remain, stay, tarry (for a limited or indefinite time), with אֶת person Gen 24:55 (J), Judg 19:4; 2Sam 16:8 with עִם person Gen 27:44 (J), עִמָּדִי Gen 29:19 (E), Judg 17:10 with בְ local 1Sam 7:2 (of ark), 1Sam 13:16; 1Sam 14:2; 1Sam 24:4 (1Sam 23:25 read אֲשֶׁר for וַיֵּשֶׁב ᵐ5 We Dr Klo Kit Bu), 2Sam 10:5; 2Sam 19:25 (where read שִׁבְתּוֺ for שִׁיבָתוֺ Dr Klo Bu, see We), Num 35:25 (P), Job 24:13 with שָׁם 1Kgs 11:16, שָׁם עַדעֿוֺלָם 1Sam 1:22 with על (by) 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 פֹּה 2Kgs 7:4 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה עִםֿ הַחֲמוֺר Gen 22:5 (E); with בֵּין Judg 5:16, מִחוּץ לְ Lev 14:8 (P),אֵצֶל 1Sam 20:19 with accusative בית 2Sam 6:11; 2Sam 13:20; Ruth 2:7 absolute 1Sam 1:23 (twice in verse); abide, endure Mic 5:3, וְיהוּדָה לְעוֺלָם תֵּשֵׁב Joel 4:20, so of Mt. Zion Ps 121:1.
b. with special emphasis on qualifying phrase, וַתֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵיתָן קַשְׁתּוֺ Gen 49:24 and his bow abode as a firm one (poem in J); 1Kgs 22:1 and they continued three years without war; of woman remaining בִּדְמֵי טָהֳרָה Lev 12:4, ׳עלדֿמי וגו vLev 12:5.

3. dwell, have one's abode in (ב) a land, city, house, etc., Gen 4:16; Gen 13:7; Gen 13:12 (twice in verse); Gen 19:29; Gen 24:37; Gen 24:62; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:2; Josh 20:6; 2Sam 7:6 + often (on 2Sam 21:16 see ישׁבו בְנֹב, p. 444); in tents Jer 35:7; Jer 35:10; 1Chr 5:10 figurative of justice (צְדָקָה) Isa 32:16 (|| וְשָׁכֵן מִשְׁפָּט); in the midst of (בְּקֶרֶב) Gen 24:3; Josh 13:13; Josh 16:10; Judg 1:30; Judg 1:32; Judg 1:33; Judg 3:5 so with בְּתוֺךְ Gen 23:10 (P); with עַל + הארץ, of God 1Kgs 8:27 = 2Chr 6:18 of people Lev 25:18; Lev 25:19; Lev 26:35 (H); with לְ Job 15:28 with בֵּין Gen 20:1 (E); dwell with (אֶת) Gen 34:16; Gen 34:22 (P), Exod 2:21 (E), Josh 15:63 (JE), Judg 1:16; Judg 1:21; Judg 17:11 יֵשְׁבוּ יְשָׁרִים אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ Ps 140:14 so with עִם Josh 20:4; Deut 23:17 (+ בקרב), Ps 26:4 (i.e. assoc. with); with יַחְדָּו Gen 13:6 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 36:7 (P), Deut 25:5 שֶׁבֶת גַּםיָֿ֑חַד Ps 133:1 dwell in their stead (תַּחְתָּם) Deut 2:12 (twice in verse); Deut 2:22; Deut 2:23; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22 absolute לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ Isa 45:18 for dwelling he formed it (the earth); (thy) dwelling-place is מְקוֺם שִׁבְתְּךָ 1Kgs 8:30 = 2Chr 6:21, also ׳מְכוֺן שׁ 1Kgs 8:39; 1Kgs 8:43; 1Kgs 8:49 = 2Chr 6:30; 2Chr 6:33; 2Chr 6:39, so Ps 33:14 ׳מָכוֺן לְש֔ Exod 15:17; 1Kgs 8:13 = 2Chr 6:2. Participle ישֵׁב = substantive, dweller, inhabitant, very often (c. 215 t.): e.g. ישֵׁב אהלים Gen 25:27 (J); often collective ישֵׁב אהל Gen 4:20 (J), ישׁב הָאָרֶץ Gen 34:30; Gen 50:11 (both J), Exod 34:12; Exod 34:15 (JE); also in poetry f., (as collective; see Dr on 1Sam 17:21) יוֺשֶׁבֶת שָׁפִיר etc., MI 1Sam 1:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 1:15 יוֺשֶׁבֶת צִיּוֺן Isa 12:6; Jer 51:35 similarly Jer 10:17; Jer 21:23; Jer 48:19 (compare Lam 4:21) Zech 2:11 with בת in app. (Da^{§28 R. 6}), יוֺשֶׁבֶת בַּתמִֿצְרַיִם Jer 46:19, so Jer 48:18 more usually plural ישְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים Gen 19:25 (J), compare Deut 13:14 ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ Exod 23:21 (JE), compare Exod 15:14; Exod 15:15 (poem in E); ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל Isa 18:3, יוֺשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Isa 38:11, etc.; ישְׁבֶיהָ Lev 18:25; Lev 25:10 (H), Num 13:32 (P); absolute יוֺשֵׁב (collective) Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8; Isa 49:19 הַיוֺשְׁבִים 1Chr 9:2 also (strangely) ישְׁבוֺת הארץ 1Sam 27:8 = the populations of the land We Dr (elsewhere in this sense only feminine singular and in poetry, see above); frequently in phrase without in habitant (i.e. so that there shall be no inhabitants), מֵאֵין ישׁב Isa 5:9; Isa 6:4; Isa 26:9; Isa 33:10; Isa 34:23; Jer 44:22; Jer 46:19; Jer 51:29; Jer 51:37; Zeph 2:5; Zeph 3:6 מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב בָּהֶן Jer 48:9 מִבְּלִי ישֵׁב Jer 2:15; Jer 9:10 לאֹ יִהְיֶה יוֺשֵב בָּהּ Jer 50:3 לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֺתבּֿוֺ יוֺשֵׁב Jer 51:62.

4. of a land or city, sit, abide seated in its place, figurative for be inhabited Jer 17:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 50:13; Jer 50:39; Ezek 26:20; Ezek 29:11; Ezek 36:35; Isa 13:20 (|| לאֹ תִּשְׁכּוֺן), Zech 2:8; Zech 9:5; Zech 14:11 יָָֽשְׂבָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Ezek 35:9 Kt is תישׁבנה, Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה; Co תושׁבנה, i.e. Niph`al תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה (compare Ezek 36:10), or Hoph`al תּוּשַׁבְנָה (compare Isa 44:26); of palace, וְאַרְמוֺן עַלמִֿשְׁפָּטוֺ יֵשֵׁב Jer 30:18. Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jer 6:8 3 plural וְנָֽשְׁבוּ consecutive Ezek 36:10, נוֺשָׂ֑בוּ Ezek 26:19, נוֺשָׁ֑בֻ֯ה Jer 22:6 Participle feminine נוֺשֶׁבֶת Ezek 26:17 ( < נִשְׁבַּתְּ ᵐ5 Co, √ שׁבת), נוֺשָׁ֑בֶת Exod 16:35 plural נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 12:20; Ezek 38:12 — be inhabited, of land Exod 16:35 (perhaps = be habitable), Jer 6:8 of cities Jer 22:6; Ezek 12:20; Ezek 26:19; Ezek 36:10 חֳרָבוֺת נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 38:12 — Ezek 26:17 see above; Ezek 35:9 see

Qal 4. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ טִירוֺתֵיהֶם בָּ֑ךְ Ezek 25:4 and they shall set their encampments in thee (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co וְיֵשְׁבוּ inhabit. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14, suffix הוֺשַׁיבַנִי Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 1 singular הוֺשַׁבְתִּי Lev 23:33, וְה(וֺ)שַׁבְתִּים consecutive Hos 11:11; Jer 32:37 וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים consecutive Zech 10:6 (Kö^{i, 413}; but probably text error, see Thes and Ges^{Lgb 464}; read probably וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים as vZech 10:10, so Sta^{ZAW. 1881, 21} We), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:11, וַיּוֺ֫שֶׁב 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 suffix וַיּוֺשִׁיבַי֯נִי 1Kgs 2:24 (Kö^{i, 414. 224}); וַיּשִׁיבֵם Job 36:7 1 plural ונּ֫שֶׁב Ezra 10:2, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:6 masculine plural ה(וֺ)שִׁיבוּ 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:10 Infinitive construct ה(וֺ)שִׁיב 1Sam 2:8; Neh 13:27 הוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:8 (Ol^{§ 123 d}; read בוֺ-, see Che); Participle absolute מוֺשִׁיב Ps 68:7, construct מוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:9 (Ol^l.c. Ges^l.c.); —

1. cause to sit with accusative of person + על כסא 1Kgs 2:24; 2Chr 23:20 so (without על כסא) + לָנֶצַח Job 36:7 set, place with accusative of person + נֶגְדּוֺ 1Kgs 21:10, also v1Kgs 21:9, v1Kgs 21:12 (בְּראֹשׁ הָעָם).

2. cause to abide (accusative of person) at (ב) 1Sam 30:21.

3. a. cause to dwell, with accusative of person + ב location 1Sam 12:8; 2Kgs 17:6; Hos 12:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:11 (P), Lev 23:43 (H), Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 בְּאֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת Ezek 26:20 accusative of person omitted 2Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 17:26 accusative of person + שָׁם 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 accusative of person + עַלהַֿבָּתִּים Hos 11:11 (but read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים We); accusative of person omitted, with עם person 1Sam 2:8; Ps 113:8 מוֺשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּ֫יְתָה Ps 68:7 causing solitary ones to dwell in a house (or is מוֺשִׁיב for מֵשִׁיב Bae?); with accusative of person only עֲקֶרֶת הַבַּיִת ׳מושׁ Ps 113:9 giving a dwelling to her that is barren of house; absolute with לָבֶ֫טַח Jer 32:37; Ps 4:9 absolute with כְּקַדְמוֺתֵיכֶם Ezek 36:11. On Zech 10:6, see above
b. cause cities (עָרִים) to be inhabited Ezek 36:33; Isa 54:3.

4. marry (properly give a dwelling to, compare Ps 113:9), only Ezra Nehemiah, and only with accusative נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת strange or foreign women Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Neh 13:27 so השִׁיבוּ נָשִׁים אַשְׁדֳּו֯דִיּוֺת Neh 13:23. Hoph`al Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם לְבַדְּכֶם בְּקֶרֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ Isa 5:8 and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land. Imperfect הָאֹמֵר לִירוּשָׁלַםִ תּוּשָׁב֑ Isa 44:26 he who saith of Jerusalem, she shall be inhabited. Ezek 35:9 see Qal 4.

BDB9601 H3488 H3427

יְתִב (K^{§ 25 a}) β)) verb sit, dwell (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew ישׁב); —

Pe`al 1. sit, be seated: Perfect 3 masculine singular יְתִב Dan 7:9 and (of judgment = the judge) vDan 7:10, so Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתִּ֑ב (K^{§ 43.1.Beisp. b}), compare Biblical Hebrew יֵשֵׁב) Dan 7:26.

2. dwell, Participle plural absolute יָתְבִין Ezra 4:17 (ב location). Haph`el cause to dwell: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺתֵב Ezra 4:10 (accusative + ב location).

Strong's Definition H3427

dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …

yāšab

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

to dwell, remain, sit, abide

(Qal)

to sit, sit down

to cause to sit

to be inhabited

Variations 241 forms of this word

Translations 391 English renderings

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Word Parts

עַל

Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R

Preposition

עַל	Speech Preposition

In English

In the KJV here: in

upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137

More options

on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.

over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.

about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.

against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.

concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.

because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Kö^{ii. 261 f.}) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges^{«GKC:103i»§ 103i}, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}, and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
a. —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, v^b Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
(a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , W^{AG ii § 59 e}): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).

(f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.

b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּסךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
(a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.

(b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
(a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , W^{AG ii. § 59}.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone:
(a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
(b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

Strong's Definition H5921

upon, against, over, in, for, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

(prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

Variations 96 forms of this word

Translations 574 English renderings

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Word Parts

עָפָ֗ר

Root word dust, earth, powder, rubbish, morter, …

Dictionary form: עָפָר · aw-PAWR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

עָפָר

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: the dust

the dust ×23 dust ×13 in the dust ×6 out of the dust ×5 as the dust ×4 and dust ×3 of the dust ×3 and the dust ×2

More options

dust — Modernized KJV core rendering; most universally applicable.

dirt — Earthy, tangible feel; suits lowliness or humble origins.

soil — Prefer when ground/earth sense is primary.

earth — Cosmic or poetic contexts, e.g. 'from earth to earth'.

powder — Best for fine, crushed, or scattered material.

rubble — Suits contexts of ruin, debris, or destruction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6257 H6083

עָפָר noun masculine^{Lev 14:42} dry earth, dust; — absolute ׳ע Gen 2:7 +, construct עֲפַר Gen 13:16 +; suffix עֲפָרֵךְ Ezek 26:12, עֲפָרוֺ Deut 9:21, etc.; plural construct עַפְרֹת Job 28:6; Prov 8:26 —

1. literally:
a. dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) 2Sam 16:13 (|| אֲבָנִים); עַלרֿאֹשׁ ׳וַיַעֲלוּ ע Josh 7:6 (J E; sign of grief), so Ezek 27:30; Lam 2:10, and (with זָרַק) Job 2:12 loose earth (on surface of ground) 1Kgs 18:38; Amos 2:7; Mic 1:10; Isa 34:7; Isa 34:9; Lev 17:13 (H) Ezek 24:7 (in figurative), Num 5:17; Job 14:19; Job 38:38; Job 39:14; Gen 26:15 (R), made into siege works Hab 1:10 of sand-storm Deut 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent's food, token of punishment and humiliation, Gen 3:14 (J) Isa 65:25 (compare Mic 7:17 2 e below); ׳זֹחֲלֵי ע Deut 32:24 (poem; compare 2 e).
b. specifically as material of human body Gen 2:7; Gen 3:19 (J), Eccl 3:20, compare Job 4:19; Job 8:19; Ps 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶלֿ) Gen 3:19; Job 10:9; Ps 104:29; Eccl 3:20 so (with עַל) Job 34:15; Eccl 12:7.
c. = surface of ground Exod 8:12; Exod 8:13 (twice in verse); (P; הָאָרַץ ׳ע), Job 19:25; Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5 (both || אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Job 41:25, ׳מְחִלוֺת ע Isa 2:19 (for hiding), so ׳ע alone vIsa 2:10, compare ׳חֹרֵי ע Job 30:6 = soil, Job 5:6; Job 14:8.
d. powder of anything pulverized Deut 9:21 (twice in verse) (compare דָּ֑ק || Exod 32:20), 2Kgs 23:6 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 23:12; 2Kgs 23:15, so in simile 2Sam 22:43 = Ps 18:43, hence = ashes vPs 18:4; Num 19:17.
e. debris, of ruined city 1Kgs 20:10; Ezek 26:4; Ezek 26:12; Neh 3:34; Neh 4:4; Ps 102:15. The following are late: feminine earth of the grave: אֶשְׁכַּב ׳לֶע Job 7:21, so (with עַל) Job 20:11; Job 21:26, compare Job 17:16 ׳יוֺרְדֵי ע Ps 22:30, ׳שֹׁכְנֵי ע Isa 26:19, ׳יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַתעֿ Dan 12:2 עֲפַרמָֿוֶת Ps 22:16 ׳ע in figure Ps 30:10.
g. mortar (i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses Lev 14:41; Lev 14:42; Lev 14:45 (P).
h. (iron-) ore Job 28:2 עַפְרֹת זָהָב vJob 28:6 gold-dust (but see סַפִּיר).
i. material of earth Isa 40:12, compare ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Prov 8:26 the first of the earth particles of the world.

2. figurative:
a. of abundance Gen 13:16 (twice in verse); Gen 28:14 (all J) 2Chr 1:9; Job 27:16; Ps 78:27 (|| חוֺל יַמִּים), compare עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Num 23:10 (JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zeph 1:7; Zech 9:3.
b. of worthlessness (alone) Job 22:24.
c. simile of the scattered, dispersed 2Kgs 13:7 ׳כֶּע Isa 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer ׳כֵּע; on meaning see Du Che, reading תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן).
d. of self-abasement Gen 18:27 (+ אֵפַר), ׳וְנִחַמְתִּי עַלעֿ וָאֵפֶר Job 42:6, פִּיהוּ ׳יִתֵּן בֶּע Lam 3:29.
e. of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Isa 47:1 compare Isa 29:4 (twice in verse), Job 16:15; Job 40:13; Ps 7:6; Ps 44:26; Ps 119:25, simile Job 30:19 licking dust Ps 72:9; Isa 49:23; Mic 7:17, compare Tel Amarna tikalu ipra (of enemies, see Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 291}; also of serpent 1 a above); of ׳י raising from the dust 1Sam 2:8 = Ps 113:7, 1Kgs 16:2 of lifting oneself Isa 52:2.

Strong's Definition H6083

dust, earth, powder, rubbish, morter, …

ʿāpār

dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud

dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish

dry or loose earth

Variations 35 forms of this word

Translations 54 English renderings

Dust

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Word Parts

בְּתוּלַת֙

Root word virgin, virgins, maid, maidens, maids, …

Dictionary form: בְּתוּלָה · beh-too-LAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsc

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בְּתוּלַת

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: o virgin

a virgin ×5 virgins ×5 o virgin ×4 the virgin ×4 the virgins ×4 a maid ×2 him the virgin ×2 maidens ×2

More options

virgin — Most precise; retains sexual-purity emphasis of the Hebrew.

young woman — Broader, gender-neutral of purity connotation; culturally accessible.

maiden — Slightly literary; signals youth and unmarried status together.

unmarried woman — Explicit about marital status; good for prose or legal contexts.

girl — Informal; suits narrative passages emphasizing youth over status.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1384 H1330

בְּתוּלָה₅₀ noun feminine virgin (compare Arabic , , Assyrian batultu (also batûlu of young man) 5 R 42:56 see Jerem^{ZA 1886, 399}; Late Hebrew בְּתוּלָא, ) — Gen 24:16 + 19 t.; construct בְּתוּלַת Deut 22:19 + 12 t.; plural בְּתוּלוֺת Esth 2:2 + 7 t.; בְּתֻלוֺת Zech 9:17 בְּתוּלֹת Exod 22:16 + 2 t.; בְּתֻלֹת Lam 5:11 suffix בְּתוּלֹתָיו Ps 78:63 + 3 t.; — one living apart in her father's house as a virgin Gen 24:16 (J) Exod 22:15 (E) Lev 21:3; Lev 21:14 (P) Deut 22:19; Judg 19:24; 2Sam 13:2; Job 31:1; Isa 62:5; Jer 2:32; Jer 31:13; Joel 1:8 נערה בתולה a virgin damsel Deut 22:23; Deut 22:28; Judg 21:12; 1Kgs 1:2; Esth 2:3 בחור ובתולה Deut 32:25; 2Chr 36:17; Jer 51:22; Ezek 9:6 personification of nations בתולת ישׂראל Jer 8:13; Jer 31:4; Jer 31:21; Amos 5:2 בת ציון ׳ב 2Kgs 19:21 (= Isa 37:22 on double stative construct see Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}. 5 Phi^{St. construct 63}) Lam 2:13 בת עמי ׳ב Jer 14:17 בת יהודה ׳ב Lam 1:15 בת צידון ׳ב Isa 23:12 בת בבל ׳ב Isa 47:1 ׳ב בת מצרים Jer 46:11 plural virgins Exod 22:16; 2Sam 13:18; Esth 2:2; Esth 2:17; Esth 2:19; Ps 45:15; Ps 78:63; Lam 1:4; Lam 2:10; Lam 5:11; Ezek 44:22; Amos 8:13 בחורים ובתולות Ps 148:12; Isa 23:4; Zech 9:17; Lam 1:18; Lam 2:21.

Strong's Definition H1330

virgin, virgins, maid, maidens, maids, …

bĕtûlâ

a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state

virgin

Variations 19 forms of this word

Translations 27 English renderings

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Word Parts

בַּת

Root word daughter, daughters, towns, villages, owls, …

Dictionary form: בַּת · baht

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsc

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בַּת	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: daughter

the daughter ×101 daughter ×50 and daughters ×28 daughters ×28 the daughters ×25 of the daughter ×20 and her towns ×19 his daughter ×19

More options

daughter — Core meaning; fits most literal and narrative contexts.

young woman — Captures poetic or metaphorical uses (e.g., 'Daughter Zion').

town — Use for dependent settlements surrounding a main city.

village — Smaller settlement sense; interchangeable with 'town' contextually.

inhabitant — Collective sense: 'daughter of Zion' as its people.

girl — Informal register; suits younger or diminutive referents.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1179 H1323

I. בַּת₅₈₇ noun feminine daughter (= *בַּנְתְּ from בן; Phoenician בת, MI בנת plural maidens, Assyrian bintu Winckler^{Sargon, Glossary,} Arabic ; Sabean בת, בנת DHM^{ZMG 1883, 391} CIS^{iv. l, No. 6. 21}; Aramaic ) — ׳ב absolute Exod 1:16 +; construct Gen 11:29 +; suffix בִּתִּי Deut 22:16 +; בִּתְּךָ Gen 29:18 +; בִּתֵּנוּ Gen 34:17 etc.; plural בָּנוֺת Gen 5:4 +; construct בְּנוֺת Gen 6:2 +; suffix בְּנֹתַי Gen 31:26+; בְּנוֺתֶיךָ Gen 19:12 +; בְּנֹתָם Gen 34:21 בְּנוֺתֵיהֶם Deut 12:31 +, etc.; —

1. daughter, female child, born of a woman Gen 30:21; Gen 34:1; Exod 1:16; Exod 1:22; Exod 21:4; Lev 12:6; Hos 1:6 compare Gen 20:12; Lev 18:9; Deut 27:22 +; begotten by a man Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7; Gen 5:10; Gen 11:11; Gen 11:13; Gen 11:15 compare Gen 11:29; Gen 19:8; Gen 20:12; Gen 28:2; Lev 19:9; Deut 27:22 +; often || בֵּן son Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7 + (see בֵּן); compare in allegory of Jehoash 2Kgs 14:9 = 2Chr 25:18 note especially בְּנוֺת הָאָדָם i.e. human women Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4 בִּתְּךָ הַפְּטַנָּה thy younger daughter Gen 29:18 (compare הַצְּעִירָה vGen 29:26 opposed to הַבְּכִירָה); בִּתִּי הַגְּדוֺלָה my eldest daughter 1Sam 18:17 בַּתֿ(הַ)מֶּלֶךְ = princess 2Chr 22:11; 2Kgs 9:34; Dan 11:6 compare 2Sam 13:18; Jer 41:10; Jer 43:6; Ps 45:10 compare as term of praise בַּתנָֿדִיב Song 7:2 in particular
a. girl called בִּתֵּנוּ by father and brothers Gen 34:17 compare בִּתְּכֶם vGen 34:8.
b. of adopted daughter Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15.
c. used in speaking to daughter-in-law Ruth 1:11; Ruth 1:12; Ruth 1:13; Ruth 2:2; Ruth 2:8; Ruth 2:22; Ruth 3:1; Ruth 3:16; Ruth 3:18.
d. בַּתאָֿבִיו = sister Ezek 22:11 (appositive אחזתו); also half-sister Gen 20:12 בַּתאָֿבִי אַךְ לֹא בַתאִֿמִּי, compare Lev 18:9 & vLev 18:11 בַּתאֵֿשֶׁת אָבִיךָ, Lev 20:17.
e. בַּתדֹּֿדוֺ = cousin Esth 2:7. feminine used in kindly address, בִּתִּי Ruth 3:10; Ruth 3:11 (Boaz to Ruth), compare Ps 45:11 בְּנוֺתַי in mouth of ׳י Isa 43:6 (|| בָּנַי).
g. בְּנוֺת בָּנָיו = granddaughters Gen 46:7 (P) compare Lev 18:10 & vLev 18:17 (H); note also Gen 37:35, where בנותיו must include other than actual daughters.
h. רִבְקָה בַּתבְּֿתוּאֵל (as more precise designation) Gen 25:20 compare Gen 24:23; Gen 24:24; Gen 24:47 (twice in verse); also Gen 26:34 (twice in verse); Gen 29:10 +; note especially בַּתֿ פַּרְעֹה (without personal name) Exod 2:5; Exod 2:7; Exod 2:8; Exod 2:9; Exod 2:10 compare 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 7:8; 1Kgs 9:24; 1Kgs 11:1; 2Chr 8:11 בַּתאִֿישׁ כְּנַעֲַנִי וּשְׁמוֺ שׁוּעַ Gen 38:2 compare vGen 38:12 (but compare 1Chr 2:3 below בַּתשֿׁוּעַ proper name, feminine below)
i. often plural as designation of women of a particular city, land, or people: בְּנוֺת צִיּוֺן Isa 3:16; Isa 3:17; Isa 4:4; Song 3:11 compare Isa 49:22; Isa 60:4; Lam 3:51 בְּנוֺת יְרוּשָׁלַם Song 1:5; Song 2:7; Song 3:5; Song 3:10; Song 5:8; Song 5:16; Song 8:4 בְּנוֺתשִֿׁילוֺ Judg 21:21 (twice in verse); בְּנוֺת רַבָּה Jer 49:3 observe transitional phrase בְּנוֺת אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר Gen 24:13 further בְּנוֺת כְּנָ֑עַן Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6; Gen 28:8; Gen 36:2 (all P) compare הַכְּנַעֲנִי ׳ב Gen 24:3; Gen 24:37 (J); בְּנוֺת הָאָרֶץ Gen 27:46; Gen 34:1 (both P); בְּנוֺת מוֺאָב Num 25:1; Isa 16:2 compare Num 21:29 חֵת ׳ב Gen 27:46 (twice in verse) (P); פְּלִשְׁתִּים ׳ב Judg 14:1; Judg 14:2; 2Sam 1:20 || הָֽעֲרֵלִים ׳ב v2Sam 1:20 (poetry); יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳ב Judg 11:40; 1Sam 1:24 (poetry); יְהוּרָה ׳ב Ps 48:12; Ps 97:8 מְנַשֶּׁה ׳ב Josh 17:6 דָּן ׳ב 2Chr 2:13 compare בַּתלַֿוֵי Exod 2:1 i.e. a woman of tribe of Levi; also אַחֶיךָ ׳ב Judg 14:3 עַמֶּ֑ךָ ׳ב Ezek 13:17. — בֵּתצִֿיּוֺן etc. see below 3 below

2. young women, women Gen 30:13 (J) Prov 31:29; Song 2:2; Song 6:9 בָּנוֺת בֹּטְחוֺת Isa 32:9 also בַּת הַנָּשִׁים Dan 11:17.

3. with name of city, land, or people, poetic personification of that city or inhabitants, etc.: בַּתצִֿיּוֺן Isa 1:8; Isa 10:32; Isa 16:1; Isa 62:11; Mic 1:13; Mic 4:8; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:13; Jer 4:31; Jer 6:2; Jer 6:23; Zeph 3:14; Zech 2:14; Zech 9:9; Ps 9:15; Lam 1:6; Lam 2:1; Lam 2:4; Lam 4:22 even זִקְנֵי בתצֿיון Lam 2:10 ׳צ ׳חוֺמַת ב vLam 2:8 vLam 2:18 also ׳צֿ׳בְּתוּלַת ב 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; Lam 2:13 ׳צֿ׳שְׁבִּיָּה ב Isa 52:2 יְרוּשָׁלַם ׳ב 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; Mic 4:8; Zeph 3:14; Zech 9:9; Lam 2:13; Lam 2:15 compare בַּתפּֿוּצַי Zeph 3:10 daughter of my dispersed ones; בַּתצֹֿר Ps 45:13 בָּבֶל ׳ב Jer 50:42; Jer 51:33; Ps 137:8 בָּבֶל ׳בְּתוּלַת ב Isa 47:1 see further Zech 2:11 also of Tarshish Isa 23:10, Sidon vIsa 23:12 (+ בְּתוּלַת), Dibon Jer 48:18 (+ יוֺשֶׁבֶת), Gallim Isa 10:30 בְּתוּלַת יְֿהוּדָה׳ב Lam 1:15 compare מִבְצְרֵי בַּת יְהוּדָה Lam 2:2 בַּתעַֿמִּי daughter of my people Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11; Jer 6:14; Jer 6:26; Jer 8:11; Jer 8:19; Jer 8:21; Jer 8:22; Jer 8:23; Jer 9:6; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10, ׳י ׳בְּתוּלַת ב Jer 14:17 בַּתמִֿצְרָ֑יִם Jer 46:24 also Jer 46:11 (+ בְּתוּלַת), vJer 46:19 (+ יוֺשֶׁבֶת); אֱדוֺם ׳ב Lam 4:21; Lam 4:22 כַּשְׂדִּים ׳ב Isa 47:1; Isa 47:5 note הַבַּת הַשּׁוֺבֵבָ֑ה Jer 31:22 (|| בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל vJer 31:21) Jer 49:4 (= Ammon); on בַּתאֲֿשֻׁרִים Ezek 27:6 see below אֲשֻׁרִים p. 81; less often in plural בְּנוֺת הַגּוֺיִם Ezek 32:16 אַדִּרִם ׳גּ ׳ב vEzek 32:18 (these perhaps below 1 i); בְּנוֺת פְּלִשְׁתִּים Ezek 16:27 (in allegory); compare also of Sodom, Samaria, Syria etc. V:44; V:45; V:46; V:46; V:53; V:55; V:55; V:57; V:57; Ezek 23:2.

4. plural = villages, after name of city, וּבְחֶשְׁבּוֺן וּבְכָלבְּֿנֹתֶיהָ Num 21:25 compare vNum 21:32; Num 32:42 (E) Josh 15:45; Josh 15:47 (twice in verse) (J E ?) + vJosh 15:28 ᵐ5 Di, Josh 17:11 (6 t.) vJosh 17:16 (J) = Judg 1:27 (4 t. in verse); Judg 11:26 (twice in verse); Jer 49:2 + 17 t.; Chronicles + 6 t.; Neh 11:25-31. On 1Chr 18:1 & its variation from || 2Sam 8:1 see We Dr.

5. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc., בַּתאֵֿל נֵכָר daughter of a strange god, i.e. idolatrous (woman or people) Mal 2:11 בַּתגְּֿדוּר daughter of a troop, i.e. war-like city Mic 4:14 בְּנוֺת הַשִּׁיר Eccl 12:4 the daughters of song, i.e. songs, melodious notes; בַּתבְּֿלִיַּעַל 1Sam 1:16 see בְּלִיַּעַל below בלה.

6. בַּת יַעֲנָה = ostrich Lev 11:16 = Deut 14:15 plural בְּנוֺת יַעֲנָה Job 30:29; Mic 1:8; Isa 13:21; Isa 34:13; Isa 43:20; Jer 50:39 (see יַעֲנָה); בַּתעַֿיִן pupil of the eye Lam 2:18 compare Ethiopic see also אישׁוֺן

7. figurative לַעֲלוּקָה שְׁתֵּי בָנוֺת Prov 30:15 two daughters (i.e. Sh®°ôl & the barren womb, compare Comm.)

8. of vine = branch בָּנוֺת צָֽעֲרָה עֲלֵישֿׁוּר Gen 49:22 compare Di & v: below בֵּן.

9. as noun relative (all P), of age of woman בַּתתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה Gen 17:17 of ewe-lamb בַּתשְֿׁנָתָהּ Lev 14:10; Num 6:14 of she-goat id. Num 15:27. compare בֵּן

9. — II. בַּת see below בתת.

BDB1379 H1323

I. בַּת daughter see below בן.

Strong's Definition H1323

daughter, daughters, towns, villages, owls, …

bat

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

(n f) daughter

daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

as polite address

Variations 119 forms of this word

Translations 143 English renderings

Bath-shua Judah's Canaanite wife; mother of Er, Onan, and Shelah. Daughter

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Word Parts

בָּבֶ֔ל

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of babylon")

Dictionary form: בָּבֶל · baw-BEL

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

בָּבֶל

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: of babylon

of babylon ×147 babylon ×26 to babylon ×18 him to babylon ×9 from babylon ×8 of babylons ×8 into babylon ×6 unto babylon ×6

More options

Babylon — Standard proper name; use in most narrative contexts.

Babel — Prefer for Genesis 11 tower narrative specifically.

Babylonia — Emphasizes the region/empire rather than the city.

the Babylonian empire — Use when political power is the focus.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB899 H894

בָּבֶ֫ל₂₆₂ proper name, of a location Babel, Babylon (in Assyrian written Bab-ilu, gate of god Dl^{Pa 212}, compare on other hand Jen^{Kosmol. 498}) — with ָ ה locative בָּבֶ֫לָה Ezek 12:13 +, בָּבֶ֑לָה 2Kgs 20:17 + once מִבָּבֶ֫לָה Jer 27:16 — the ancient capital of Babylonia, modern Hillah, situated on Euphrates, in long. approximately 440 30° east, and latitude approximately 320 50° north; Gen 10:10; Gen 11:9 (where name connected with בלל confuse, confound), both J, not elsewhere in Hexateuch; 2Kgs 17:24 + 31 t. 2 Kings; 18 t. Chronicles; Esth 2:6 late Ps 87:4; Ps 137:1; Ps 137:8 Isa²; Isa³, namely Isa 13:1; Isa 13:19; Isa 14:4; Isa 14:22; Isa 21:9; Isa 39:1; Isa 39:3; Isa 39:6; Isa 39:7; Isa 43:14; Isa 47:1; Isa 48:14; Isa 48:20; Mic 4:10 (but here probably not original, compare RS^{Proph. vii. n. 5 & references}) Zech 2:11; Zech 6:10; + 19 t. Ezekiel; Jer 20:4 (twice in verse); Jer 20:5; Jer 20:6 + 165 t. Jeremiah — note especially ׳אֶרֶץ בּ Jer 50:28 also of land & people = realm, particular in ׳מֶלֶךְ בּ 2Kgs 20:12 of Merodach Baladan; v2Kgs 20:18; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:7; 2Kgs 24:11; 2Kgs 24:12 (twice in verse) + often of Nebuchadrezzar; 2Kgs 25:27 = Jer 52:31 compare vJer 52:34 of Evil-Merodach; Neh 13:6 of Artaxerxes; the city personified as בַּת בָּבֶל Isa 47:1; Jer 50:42. (See Dl^{Pa 212} COT Gen 11:9 KG⁹⁵.)

BDB9361 H894 H895

בָּבֶל proper name, of a location Babylon (Biblical Hebrew id.); — Dan 2:12 + 15 t. Daniel; 9 t. Ezra.

Strong's Definition H894

babylon, babylons, babel

bābel

confusion (by mixing)

Babel (i.e., Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire

Babel or Babylon, the ancient site and/or capital of Babylonia (modern Hillah) situated on the Euphrates

Variations 17 forms of this word

Translations 27 English renderings

Babel Babylon Babylonia

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Word Parts

שְׁבִי

Root word dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …

Dictionary form: יָשַׁב · yaw-SHAHB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqv2fs

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person feminine singular simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

שְׁבִי

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperative Person Second Person Gender Feminine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: sit

the inhabitants ×105 dwelt ×69 dwell ×48 and dwelt ×38 sat ×30 and the inhabitants ×24 that dwelt ×21 to dwell ×20

More options

live — Best default for permanent residence or settlement.

sit — Physical posture; prefer for concrete, momentary action.

stay — Temporary or shorter-term presence; replaces 'abide/tarry'.

settle — Implies putting down roots; good for colonization contexts.

reside — Slightly formal; suits official or legal-register passages.

remain — Emphasizes continuing in place; good for lingering contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3774 H3427

יָשַׁב₁₀₉₀ verb sit, remain, dwell (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְתֵיב, ; MI^{10; 31} ישב, Judg 1:8; Judg 1:19 וישב, Judg 1:13 ואשב, dwell; Phoenician ישב dwell; Zinjirli ישב sit DHM^{Sendsch. 58}; Assyrian ašâbu, sit, dwell, Dl^{HWB 244}; Arabic leap, jump, Himyer. dialect sit, Lane²⁹¹⁹; Ethiopic II. 1 secum cohabitare facere, marry, consummate marriage, compare Hiph`il 4) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular יָשַׁב Gen 13:12 +; 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judg 5:16, וְיָשַׁבְתָּה נָ֑הּ consecutive Deut 17:14 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deut 1:46; Lev 18:3, וִישַׁבְתֶּם consecutive Lev 25:18 + 7 t., etc.; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1Sam 5:7 +, יֵשֶׁבֿ Gen 44:33; Ezek 44:3, יֵ֫שֶׁב before monosyll. 1Kgs 7:8; Job 22:8 וַיֵּ֫שֶׁב Gen 4:16 +; וַיֵּשֶׁב֑ Ruth 4:1 1 singular אֵשֵׁב Judg 6:18 +, וָאֵשֵׁב Deut 9:9 + 3 t. + Ezek 3:15b (but Co אשׁר Kt); אֵשְׁבָה 1Sam 27:5 אֵשֵׁבָ֑ה Isa 49:20 וָאֵשְׁבָה Ezek 9:3 3 masculine plural יֵשְׁבוּ Gen 47:4 +; 3 feminine plural תישׁבנה Ezek 35:9 Kt (i.e. תֵּישַׁבְנָה Ol^{§ 242 d} Kö^{i. 401}), Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה (√ שׁוב), Co proposes תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה; 1 plural נֵשֵׁב Jer 42:13; Jer 42:14, וַנֵּ֫שֶׁב Num 20:15 + 5 t.; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Gen 20:15 +, שֶׁבֿ Gen 35:1 שְׁבָה Gen 27:19 +; feminine singular שְׁבִי Gen 38:11 +; masculine plural שְׁבוּ Gen 22:5 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1Sam 20:5 construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1Sam 7:2 +; שָׁ֑בֶת Isa 40:22 +; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2Sam 7:5 +, etc.; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Gen 4:20; Gen 24:3 +, etc.; feminine ישְׁבָה Nah 3:8 י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judg 4:5 +; י(וֺ)שָׁ֑בֶת Josh 2:5; 2Kgs 4:13 ישַׁבְתְּ֯י Jer 22:23, י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת֯י Jer 10:17; Lam 4:21; Ezek 27:3 (Kt preferable in all these, see Ol^{§ 123 d} Ges^{«GKC:90»§ 90}. 3 a); feminine plural ישְׁבוֺת 1Sam 27:8 —

1. a. sit on (עַל) a seat 1Sam 20:25, stone Exod 17:12, teraphim Gen 31:34, couch Gen 48:2 (all E), Ezek 23:41, knees 2Kgs 4:20, throne Exod 11:5; Exod 12:29 (J), Deut 17:18; 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 4:13; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 1:17; 1Kgs 1:20 +, see absolute below; of ׳י, הַיּשֵׁב עַלחֿוּג הָאֶרֶץ Isa 40:22 dust Isa 47:1, ground (אֶרֶץ) Ezek 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6 (these in token of humiliation); sit down by (עַל) a well Exod 2:15 or pool 2Sam 2:13 with אֶל 1Sam 28:23 sit in (ב) house, street, doorway, assembly, etc. 2Sam 7:1; Judg 19:15; Gen 38:14 (J), Jer 15:17; Jer 26:10; Ps 1:1; Song 2:3 so Ezek 31:6; Ezek 31:17 (figurative); of No of Amon (personified city) הַיּשְׁבָה בַּיְאֹרִים Nah 3:8 she who sate amid the rivers; with לְ sit on to (pregnantly) לָאָרֶץ Isa 3:26; Isa 47:1; Lam 2:10, לְכִסֵּא Ps 9:5, at, לְפֶתַח בית Prov 9:14, לִימִינוֺ(יׅ 1Kgs 2:19; Ps 110:1 לַמַּבּוּל Ps 29:10 with לִפְנֵי Gen 43:33 (J), + שָׁם Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 with עִם 1Sam 20:5; Prov 31:22 with אֶתֿ Jer 16:8; Job 2:13 with תַּחַת Judg 6:11; Mic 4:4, וַיֵּשֶׁב תַּחְתֶּיהָ בַּצֵּל Jonah 4:5 with מִנֶּגֶד Gen 21:16 (twice in verse) (E), נֶגֶד Isa 47:14, מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Jonah 4:5 מִצַּד 1Sam 20:25; Ruth 2:14 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Ezek 28:2 לִשְׁפֹּט Exod 18:13; Joel 4:12 (compare Ps 9:5; Isa 28:6); hence absolute of sitting as king or judge Exod 18:14; Ps 61:8; Mal 3:3, יושׁבים Isa 10:13, perhaps Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8, especially of ׳י sitting (enthroned), Ps 2:4; Ps 9:8; Ps 29:10; Ps 55:20; Ps 102:13; Lam 5:19, so in ישֵׁב (הַ)כְּרוּבִים 1Sam 4:4; 2Sam 6:2 = 1Chr 13:6; 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 99:1 ישֵׁב תְּהִלּוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל Ps 22:4 (see with עַל, above); by meton. of thrones, for the judges sitting on them שָׁמָּה יָָֽשְׁבוּ כִסְאוֺת לְמִשְׁפָּט Ps 122:5 הַיּשְׁבִים Ruth 4:14, i.e. in the gate (compare vRuth 4:11), those in whose presence purchase of land took place.
b. sit, sit down, absolute, Judg 19:6; Ruth 4:1; Ruth 4:2; Neh 1:4; Jer 36:15 (followed by clause of purpose, to eat, etc.) Gen 37:25; Esth 3:15 +; opposed to קוּם Exod 32:6 (JE) Ps 139:2, מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת Ps 127:2 (opposed to מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם); so Isa 37:28 = 2Kgs 19:27 (read לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ at end of v2Kgs 19:27 = 2Kgs 19:26 We in Bl^{Einl. 4, 257} Rs^{Proph. 351, and n. 9}); but also קוּמִי שְׁבִי Isa 52:2, explained by (וַיָּקָם מֵהָאָרֶץ וַיֵּשֶׁב אֶלהַֿמִּטָּה 1Sam 28:23 and) 2Sam 19:9.
c. sit down outside (חוּץ), i.e. perform a necessity of nature Deut 23:14.
d. sit = be set (as a jewel), ישְׁבוֺתּ עַלמִֿלֵּאת Song 5:12 set on a filling (i.e. in a setting, De and others), in description of eyes; (> others sitting by full streams).

2. a. remain, stay, tarry (for a limited or indefinite time), with אֶת person Gen 24:55 (J), Judg 19:4; 2Sam 16:8 with עִם person Gen 27:44 (J), עִמָּדִי Gen 29:19 (E), Judg 17:10 with בְ local 1Sam 7:2 (of ark), 1Sam 13:16; 1Sam 14:2; 1Sam 24:4 (1Sam 23:25 read אֲשֶׁר for וַיֵּשֶׁב ᵐ5 We Dr Klo Kit Bu), 2Sam 10:5; 2Sam 19:25 (where read שִׁבְתּוֺ for שִׁיבָתוֺ Dr Klo Bu, see We), Num 35:25 (P), Job 24:13 with שָׁם 1Kgs 11:16, שָׁם עַדעֿוֺלָם 1Sam 1:22 with על (by) 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 פֹּה 2Kgs 7:4 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה עִםֿ הַחֲמוֺר Gen 22:5 (E); with בֵּין Judg 5:16, מִחוּץ לְ Lev 14:8 (P),אֵצֶל 1Sam 20:19 with accusative בית 2Sam 6:11; 2Sam 13:20; Ruth 2:7 absolute 1Sam 1:23 (twice in verse); abide, endure Mic 5:3, וְיהוּדָה לְעוֺלָם תֵּשֵׁב Joel 4:20, so of Mt. Zion Ps 121:1.
b. with special emphasis on qualifying phrase, וַתֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵיתָן קַשְׁתּוֺ Gen 49:24 and his bow abode as a firm one (poem in J); 1Kgs 22:1 and they continued three years without war; of woman remaining בִּדְמֵי טָהֳרָה Lev 12:4, ׳עלדֿמי וגו vLev 12:5.

3. dwell, have one's abode in (ב) a land, city, house, etc., Gen 4:16; Gen 13:7; Gen 13:12 (twice in verse); Gen 19:29; Gen 24:37; Gen 24:62; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:2; Josh 20:6; 2Sam 7:6 + often (on 2Sam 21:16 see ישׁבו בְנֹב, p. 444); in tents Jer 35:7; Jer 35:10; 1Chr 5:10 figurative of justice (צְדָקָה) Isa 32:16 (|| וְשָׁכֵן מִשְׁפָּט); in the midst of (בְּקֶרֶב) Gen 24:3; Josh 13:13; Josh 16:10; Judg 1:30; Judg 1:32; Judg 1:33; Judg 3:5 so with בְּתוֺךְ Gen 23:10 (P); with עַל + הארץ, of God 1Kgs 8:27 = 2Chr 6:18 of people Lev 25:18; Lev 25:19; Lev 26:35 (H); with לְ Job 15:28 with בֵּין Gen 20:1 (E); dwell with (אֶת) Gen 34:16; Gen 34:22 (P), Exod 2:21 (E), Josh 15:63 (JE), Judg 1:16; Judg 1:21; Judg 17:11 יֵשְׁבוּ יְשָׁרִים אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ Ps 140:14 so with עִם Josh 20:4; Deut 23:17 (+ בקרב), Ps 26:4 (i.e. assoc. with); with יַחְדָּו Gen 13:6 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 36:7 (P), Deut 25:5 שֶׁבֶת גַּםיָֿ֑חַד Ps 133:1 dwell in their stead (תַּחְתָּם) Deut 2:12 (twice in verse); Deut 2:22; Deut 2:23; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22 absolute לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ Isa 45:18 for dwelling he formed it (the earth); (thy) dwelling-place is מְקוֺם שִׁבְתְּךָ 1Kgs 8:30 = 2Chr 6:21, also ׳מְכוֺן שׁ 1Kgs 8:39; 1Kgs 8:43; 1Kgs 8:49 = 2Chr 6:30; 2Chr 6:33; 2Chr 6:39, so Ps 33:14 ׳מָכוֺן לְש֔ Exod 15:17; 1Kgs 8:13 = 2Chr 6:2. Participle ישֵׁב = substantive, dweller, inhabitant, very often (c. 215 t.): e.g. ישֵׁב אהלים Gen 25:27 (J); often collective ישֵׁב אהל Gen 4:20 (J), ישׁב הָאָרֶץ Gen 34:30; Gen 50:11 (both J), Exod 34:12; Exod 34:15 (JE); also in poetry f., (as collective; see Dr on 1Sam 17:21) יוֺשֶׁבֶת שָׁפִיר etc., MI 1Sam 1:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 1:15 יוֺשֶׁבֶת צִיּוֺן Isa 12:6; Jer 51:35 similarly Jer 10:17; Jer 21:23; Jer 48:19 (compare Lam 4:21) Zech 2:11 with בת in app. (Da^{§28 R. 6}), יוֺשֶׁבֶת בַּתמִֿצְרַיִם Jer 46:19, so Jer 48:18 more usually plural ישְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים Gen 19:25 (J), compare Deut 13:14 ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ Exod 23:21 (JE), compare Exod 15:14; Exod 15:15 (poem in E); ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל Isa 18:3, יוֺשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Isa 38:11, etc.; ישְׁבֶיהָ Lev 18:25; Lev 25:10 (H), Num 13:32 (P); absolute יוֺשֵׁב (collective) Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8; Isa 49:19 הַיוֺשְׁבִים 1Chr 9:2 also (strangely) ישְׁבוֺת הארץ 1Sam 27:8 = the populations of the land We Dr (elsewhere in this sense only feminine singular and in poetry, see above); frequently in phrase without in habitant (i.e. so that there shall be no inhabitants), מֵאֵין ישׁב Isa 5:9; Isa 6:4; Isa 26:9; Isa 33:10; Isa 34:23; Jer 44:22; Jer 46:19; Jer 51:29; Jer 51:37; Zeph 2:5; Zeph 3:6 מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב בָּהֶן Jer 48:9 מִבְּלִי ישֵׁב Jer 2:15; Jer 9:10 לאֹ יִהְיֶה יוֺשֵב בָּהּ Jer 50:3 לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֺתבּֿוֺ יוֺשֵׁב Jer 51:62.

4. of a land or city, sit, abide seated in its place, figurative for be inhabited Jer 17:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 50:13; Jer 50:39; Ezek 26:20; Ezek 29:11; Ezek 36:35; Isa 13:20 (|| לאֹ תִּשְׁכּוֺן), Zech 2:8; Zech 9:5; Zech 14:11 יָָֽשְׂבָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Ezek 35:9 Kt is תישׁבנה, Qr תָּשׁוֺבְנָה; Co תושׁבנה, i.e. Niph`al תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה (compare Ezek 36:10), or Hoph`al תּוּשַׁבְנָה (compare Isa 44:26); of palace, וְאַרְמוֺן עַלמִֿשְׁפָּטוֺ יֵשֵׁב Jer 30:18. Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jer 6:8 3 plural וְנָֽשְׁבוּ consecutive Ezek 36:10, נוֺשָׂ֑בוּ Ezek 26:19, נוֺשָׁ֑בֻ֯ה Jer 22:6 Participle feminine נוֺשֶׁבֶת Ezek 26:17 ( < נִשְׁבַּתְּ ᵐ5 Co, √ שׁבת), נוֺשָׁ֑בֶת Exod 16:35 plural נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 12:20; Ezek 38:12 — be inhabited, of land Exod 16:35 (perhaps = be habitable), Jer 6:8 of cities Jer 22:6; Ezek 12:20; Ezek 26:19; Ezek 36:10 חֳרָבוֺת נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezek 38:12 — Ezek 26:17 see above; Ezek 35:9 see

Qal 4. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ טִירוֺתֵיהֶם בָּ֑ךְ Ezek 25:4 and they shall set their encampments in thee (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co וְיֵשְׁבוּ inhabit. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14, suffix הוֺשַׁיבַנִי Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 1 singular הוֺשַׁבְתִּי Lev 23:33, וְה(וֺ)שַׁבְתִּים consecutive Hos 11:11; Jer 32:37 וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים consecutive Zech 10:6 (Kö^{i, 413}; but probably text error, see Thes and Ges^{Lgb 464}; read probably וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים as vZech 10:10, so Sta^{ZAW. 1881, 21} We), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:11, וַיּוֺ֫שֶׁב 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 suffix וַיּוֺשִׁיבַי֯נִי 1Kgs 2:24 (Kö^{i, 414. 224}); וַיּשִׁיבֵם Job 36:7 1 plural ונּ֫שֶׁב Ezra 10:2, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הוֺשֵׁב Gen 47:6 masculine plural ה(וֺ)שִׁיבוּ 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:10 Infinitive construct ה(וֺ)שִׁיב 1Sam 2:8; Neh 13:27 הוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:8 (Ol^{§ 123 d}; read בוֺ-, see Che); Participle absolute מוֺשִׁיב Ps 68:7, construct מוֺשִׁיבִי Ps 113:9 (Ol^l.c. Ges^l.c.); —

1. cause to sit with accusative of person + על כסא 1Kgs 2:24; 2Chr 23:20 so (without על כסא) + לָנֶצַח Job 36:7 set, place with accusative of person + נֶגְדּוֺ 1Kgs 21:10, also v1Kgs 21:9, v1Kgs 21:12 (בְּראֹשׁ הָעָם).

2. cause to abide (accusative of person) at (ב) 1Sam 30:21.

3. a. cause to dwell, with accusative of person + ב location 1Sam 12:8; 2Kgs 17:6; Hos 12:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:11 (P), Lev 23:43 (H), Lam 3:6; Ps 143:3 בְּאֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת Ezek 26:20 accusative of person omitted 2Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 17:26 accusative of person + שָׁם 2Chr 8:2; Ps 107:36 accusative of person + עַלהַֿבָּתִּים Hos 11:11 (but read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים We); accusative of person omitted, with עם person 1Sam 2:8; Ps 113:8 מוֺשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּ֫יְתָה Ps 68:7 causing solitary ones to dwell in a house (or is מוֺשִׁיב for מֵשִׁיב Bae?); with accusative of person only עֲקֶרֶת הַבַּיִת ׳מושׁ Ps 113:9 giving a dwelling to her that is barren of house; absolute with לָבֶ֫טַח Jer 32:37; Ps 4:9 absolute with כְּקַדְמוֺתֵיכֶם Ezek 36:11. On Zech 10:6, see above
b. cause cities (עָרִים) to be inhabited Ezek 36:33; Isa 54:3.

4. marry (properly give a dwelling to, compare Ps 113:9), only Ezra Nehemiah, and only with accusative נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת strange or foreign women Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Neh 13:27 so השִׁיבוּ נָשִׁים אַשְׁדֳּו֯דִיּוֺת Neh 13:23. Hoph`al Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם לְבַדְּכֶם בְּקֶרֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ Isa 5:8 and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land. Imperfect הָאֹמֵר לִירוּשָׁלַםִ תּוּשָׁב֑ Isa 44:26 he who saith of Jerusalem, she shall be inhabited. Ezek 35:9 see Qal 4.

BDB9601 H3488 H3427

יְתִב (K^{§ 25 a}) β)) verb sit, dwell (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew ישׁב); —

Pe`al 1. sit, be seated: Perfect 3 masculine singular יְתִב Dan 7:9 and (of judgment = the judge) vDan 7:10, so Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתִּ֑ב (K^{§ 43.1.Beisp. b}), compare Biblical Hebrew יֵשֵׁב) Dan 7:26.

2. dwell, Participle plural absolute יָתְבִין Ezra 4:17 (ב location). Haph`el cause to dwell: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺתֵב Ezra 4:10 (accusative + ב location).

Strong's Definition H3427

dwell, inhabitants, dwelt, sat, sit, …

yāšab

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

to dwell, remain, sit, abide

(Qal)

to sit, sit down

to cause to sit

to be inhabited

Variations 241 forms of this word

Translations 391 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

לָ אָ֥רֶץ

לָ

Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

אָ֥רֶץ

Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …

Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Vowels & Accents

לָ

Hidden "the" לָ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Rd/Ncbsa

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

לָ	Speech Preposition Type Definite Article
אָרֶץ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Both Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: on the ground

the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43

More options

land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.

earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).

ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.

country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.

region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.

world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB780 H776

אֶ֫רֶץ₂₄₀₇ noun feminine^{Gen 10:11} & (seldom) masculine^{Gen 13:16} earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COT^Gloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os⁹ DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594, 614}; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare Prä^{BAS i. 374 n.}, Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.

2. land =
a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr^{10. 65}); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.

3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.

4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.

5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (J^R) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

[אֲרַע]₂₁ noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D^{§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n}) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

Strong's Definition H776

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …

ʾereṣ

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

land, earth

earth

whole earth (as opposed to a part)

country, territory

ground

people of the land

lands, countries

often in contrast to Canaan

Variations 112 forms of this word

Translations 302 English renderings

Earth

Search every verse

Word Parts

אֵין

Particle not

Dictionary form: אַיִן · ah-YIN

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Tn

Particle — Negative

אֵין	Speech Particle Type Negative

In English

In the KJV here: there is no

there is no ×50 and none ×33 there is none ×33 not ×31 without ×29 is not ×27 neither ×24 there was no ×22

More options

there is no — Best for existential negation; most common contextual use.

nothing — Use when אַיִן stands alone as a noun meaning total absence.

without — Prefer when modifying a noun to indicate lack.

none — Good for negating a previously mentioned subject or group.

not — Broad negative; use when no stronger nuance is needed.

nor — Use in compound negations to connect two negated clauses.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB374 H369

II. אַ֫יִן nought.

אִיעֶזֶר see אֲבִיעֶזֶר.

אִיתָמָר see I. אָוָה.

BDB385 H369

II. אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן construct אֵין substantive properly nothing, nought (Moabite אן, Assyrian iânu).

1. Isa 40:23 הַנּוֺתֵן רוֺזְנִים לְאָ֑יִן who bringeth princes to nothing; כְּאַיִן as nothing, ib. Isa 40:17; Isa 41:11; Isa 41:12; Hag 2:3; Ps 39:6 almost (|| כִּמְעַט) Ps 73:2 מֵאַיִן of nothing Isa 41:24.

2. construct אֵין, very frequently as particle of negations, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresponding to the affirmative יֵשׁ q. v. Similar in usage, though not etymology akin, are , לַיִת, , , properly 'there is nought of ...' followed by a substantive or a pronominal suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Ges^{«GKC:100»§ 100}, 5; «GKC:152»152, 1 c], אֵינְךָ, אֵינֵךְ, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינְכֶם, אֵינָם, also Ps 59:14 אֵינֵ֫מוֺ, Ps 73:5 אֵינֵ֫ימוֺ): twice abnormally, in late Hebrew, a noun אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין אֲנַחְנוּ Neh 4:17 (so sometimes לַיִת, , Nö^{M. p. 295}); once, incorrectly, את Hag 2:17.
a. denying existence absolutely Isa 44:6; Isa 47:10 אֵין רֹאָנִי there is none that seeth me, literally nought of one seeing me! אֵין עוֺד there is none else Deut 4:39; 1Kgs 8:60; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:22.
b. more commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand Exod 2:12 and he saw כִּיאֵֿין אִישׁ that there was no man (that is, there), Num 21:5; Gen 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch's disappearance from earth) Gen 42:13 one (cas. pend. as often), he is not, vGen 42:36 often = is (or has) vanished Gen 37:30; 1Kgs 20:40; Isa 17:14; Ps 37:10; Ps 103:16; Job 8:22; Job 24:24; Job 27:19.
c. with the sense determined by a predicate following: Gen 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit, Gen 41:39 + often; Exod 5:10 אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּבֶן I am not giving you straw; and so often with particip. where duration has to be expressed Gen 39:23; Deut 21:18; Isa 1:15; Jer 7:16, or intention Gen 20:7 אֵינְךָ מֵשִׁיב דַּע ֗֗֗ אִם if thou art not restoring her, know Gen 43:5; Exod 8:17; Exod 33:15 (idiomatically, after אם; see Dr^{§ 137}) Judg 12:3. Following once pleonastic by יֵשׁ Ps 135:17. Treated as a mere particle of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the substantive which should strictly stand in the genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֺ Gen 37:24, לוֺ Exod 22:1, שָׁם Exod 12:30, גַּם Ps 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Gen 19:31; Gen 40:8 וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֺ Gen 41:15; Exod 5:16; Judg 13:9; Judg 14:6; Judg 16:15; Judg 19:1 (so MI²⁴): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absolute form, as Gen 2:5 ואדם אַיִן לעבד האדמה and man there was none to till the ground, Lev 26:37 וְרֹדֵף אָ֑יִן Num 20:5; 2Kgs 19:3; Hos 13:4; Mic 7:2.
d. sometimes the subject has to be supplied from the context: thus (α) 1Sam 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִן and they (the asses) were not (literally and nought!), especially after verbs of waiting or seeking Isa 59:11; Ps 69:21; Job 3:9; Isa 41:17. Ezek 7:25; Prov 14:6; Prov 13:4; Prov 20:4. (β) Exod 17:7 is ׳י in the midst of us אִםאָֽֿיִן ׃ or not ? Num 13:20. (γ) Judg 4:20 וְאָמַרְתְּ אָֽיִן׃ then thou shalt say, There is not, 1Kgs 18:10; 1Sam 10:14. (δ) Gen 30:1 give me children, וְאִםאַֿיִן and if not, I die, Exod 32:32; Judg 9:15; Judg 9:20; 2Sam 17:6 (see Dr) 2Kgs 2:10; Job 33:33.
e. with subject not expressed, once (late), Dan 8:5 וְאֵין נֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ and (it) was not touching the earth. feminine once, Job 35:15 with the finite verb; but read here כִּי אֵין פֹּקֵד (the usage of , cited by De, does not justify the anomaly in Hebrew) Jer 38:5 the imperfect may be due to the fact that no participle of יָכֹל was in use, and a relation must be tacitly supplied: 'The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.' On Exod 3:2 see Ges^{«GKC:52»§ 52}, 2 R. 6; Ew^{§ 169 d.}

3. ׳אֵין לְ, with substantive, or pronoun, there is (was) not to . . . = . . . have, has, had, etc. not: Gen 11:30 אֵין לָהּ וָלָד she had no child, Num 27:9 וְאִםאֵֿין לוֺ בַּת and if he have no daughter + often; with a participle Deut 22:27; Jer 14:16; Jer 30:17; Jer 49:5; Jer 50:32; Ps 142:5; Lam 1:2; Lam 1:9; Lam 1:17; Exod 22:2 אִםאֵֿין לוֺ if he have nought, Dan 9:26 ואין לו and have nought (or none).

4. in circumstantial clauses (Dr^{§ 164}): —
(a) Exod 21:11 she shall go out free אֵין כָּ֑סֶף without money, Exod 22:9 אֵין רֹאֶה none seeing it, Num 11:6; Isa 47:1; Jer 2:32; Hos 3:4; Hos 7:11; Ps 32:9; Ps 88:5 + .
(b) Deut 32:4 a God of faithfulness וְאֵין עָוֶל and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity, Jer 5:21; Joel 1:6; Ps 104:25.
(c) very often, in such phrases as וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד with none to affright Lev 26:6 (12 t.); וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה Isa 1:31 and elsewhere; וְאֵין מַצִּיל Isa 5:29; Ps 7:3, etc. (Dr^{§ 159}).

5. with infinitive and ׳ל, it is not to . . . : i.e.
(a) like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to . . . (compare below יֵשׁ and לֹא), but hardly except in late Hebrew; 2Chr 20:6 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee, 2Chr 22:9; Ezra 9:15; Eccl 3:14; Esth 4:2. Once without ל, Ps 40:6 אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלָיךָ οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι. (β) there is no need to . . . 1Chr 23:26 וְגַם לַלְוִיִּם אֵיןלָֿשֵׂאת for the Levites also there was no need to bear 2Chr 5:11; 2Chr 35:15 (see Dr^{§ 202. 1}).

6. with prefixes : —
a. בְּאֵין properly in defect of: — (a) for want of, without — Prov 5:23 HE will die בְּאֵין מוּסָר for lack of instruction, Prov 11:14 בְּאֵין תַּחְבֻּלוֺת without guidance, Prov 14:4; Prov 15:22; Prov 26:20; Prov 29:18; Isa 57:1; Ezek 38:11 compare בְּלֹא. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Prov 8:24 (twice in verse).
b. כְּאֵין Isa 59:10 כְּאֵין עֵינַיִם in poetry for כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֺ עֵינַיִם (compare Ew^{§ 286 g} Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 1 h).
c. לְאֵין (α) for לַאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֺ Isa 40:29 inlate prose 2Chr 14:10; Neh 8:10. (β) in the condition of not. . . (ל of state, see below ל) = without or so that not . . . (peculiar to Chronicles), 1Chr 22:4 cedar trees לְאֵין מִסְפָּר without number, 2Chr 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites לְאֵיןלָֿהֶם מִחְיָה so that they had none remaining alive, 2Chr 20:25 לְאֵין מַשָּׂא so that there was no carrying away, 2Chr 21:18; Ezra 9:14. (γ) עַדלְֿאֵין (see ׳עַד ל), 2Chr 36:16 until there was no remedy (compare עַד אֵין ֗֗֗ Ps 40:13; Job 5:9).
d. מֵאֵין
(a) (מִן causal) from lack of . . . Isa 50:2; Jer 7:32; Jer 19:11. (β) (מִן negative, see מִן) properly away from there being no. . . (with אֵין pleonastic, compare מִבְּלִי, and מִבְּלִי אֵין), i.e. so that not. . ., without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Isa 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב without inhabitant, Isa 6:11 + often Jeremiah & Zephaniah; Isa 6:11 מֵאֵין אָדָם, Jer 32:43 מֵאֵין אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה Jer 33:10; Jer 33:12; Ezek 33:28; Lam 3:49. Once followed by infinitive Mal 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Jer 10:6; Jer 10:7 מֵאֵין כָּמוֺךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this explanation logically; and it is preferable to point מֵאַיִן כָּמוֺךָ whence is any like thee? compare Jer 30:7. (So Hi see Dr^{Hebraica. ii. 34-7}.)

Strong's Definition H369

no, not, none, without, neither, …

ʾayin

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

nothing, not, nought

(n) nothing, nought

Variations 45 forms of this word

Translations 294 English renderings

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Word Parts

כִּסֵּ֖א

Root word throne, seat, thrones, stool

Dictionary form: כִּסֵּא · kis-SAY

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

כִּסֵּא

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: throne

the throne ×42 his throne ×24 throne ×10 my throne ×8 and his throne ×6 thy throne ×5 a seat ×3 his seat ×2

More options

throne — Best for royal or divine seat of authority.

seat — Broader; suits informal or non-royal contexts.

seat of power — Emphasizes political authority over physical object.

royal seat — Highlights regal dignity without sounding archaic.

chair — Plain register; use when grandeur is minimal.

judgment seat — Prefer in judicial or legal contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4107 H3678

כִּסֵּא, כִּסֵּה₁₃₃ noun masculine^{2Sam 7:16} seat of honour, throne (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician (plural) כרסים; Aramaic כּוּרְסְיָא, ; Biblical Aramaic כָּרְסֵא, Zinjirli כרסא DHM^{Sendsch. 58. 44}; Arabic ; but Assyrian kussu; perhaps Akkadian loan-word; ideogram iƒ GU. ZA, compare Dl^{HWB 343}); — absolute כִּסֵּא Gen 41:40 +; כִּסֵּת 1Kgs 10:19 (twice in verse); Job 26:9, הַכִּסֶּא Ezek 1:26 construct כִּסֵּא 2Sam 3:10 +, כֵּס Exod 17:16 (si vera lectio; see below); suffix כִּסְאִי 1Kgs 1:13 +, כִּסְאֲךָ 2Sam 7:16 +, כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ 1Kgs 5:19 +, כִּסְאוֺ Exod 11:5 +; plural כִּסְאוֺת Ps 122:5 (twice in verse); suffix כִּסְאוֺתָם Ezek 26:16; Isa 14:9 — seat of honour, usually

1. a. of king = throne Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 11:5; Exod 12:29 (both J) 1Kgs 2:19; Isa 47:1; Ezek 26:16 of queen-mother 1Kgs 2:19 b; מַלְכוּתוֺ ׳כ Esth 5:1 his royal throne; of future (Messianic) prince Zech 6:13 a (in v^b read עליֿמינו ᵐ5 Sta^{ZAW 1881, 10}); of dead kings in She'ôl Isa 14:9 ׳נָתַן כ, in, or against a place, said of king himself, (only Jeremiah) is a sign of conquest (Jer 1:15); so ׳שִׂים כּ Jer 43:10, and (of ׳י) Jer 49:38 in Judg 3:20, though of king, not seat of office; 12 t. elsewhere, literal
b. throne of ׳י (אלהים) as heavenly king, Isa 6:1; Ezek 1:26 (twice in verse); Ezek 10:1; 1Kgs 22:19 = 2Chr 18:18; Job 26:9; Ps 11:4; Isa 66:1 heaven is my throne; as seat of judgment Ps 9:5; Ps 9:8 in oath יָד עַלכּכֵּס יָהּ Exod 17:16 (compare Di; > Cler JDMich Ges Buhl SS נֵס banner; ᵐ5 κρυφαία √ כסה, favours כס); Jerusalem called throne of ׳י Jer 3:17, so the sanctuary Jer 17:12 (כָּבוֺד מָרוֺם ׳כ), Ezek 43:7.

2. of high priest 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 4:18 of honoured guest 2Kgs 4:10 of governor Neh 3:7 of (unjust) judge הַוּוֺת ׳כ Ps 94:20 = conspicuous seat (literally) Prov 9:14 = seat of distinction, explicitly כָּבוֺד ׳כ Isa 22:23 ׳כ alone 2Kgs 25:28 (twice in verse) = Jer 52:32 (twice in verse); Esth 3:1.

3. a. figurative = royal dignity, authority, power, הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכִסְאוֺ נָקִי 2Sam 14:9 ׳לְדָוִד וּלְזַרְעוֺ וּלְבֵיתוֺ וּלְכ 1Kgs 2:33 especially kingdom, with verbs of setting up, establishing, ׳י subject, דָוִד ׳הֵקִים כ 2Sam 3:10, כִסְאֲךָוּבָנִיתִי Ps 89:5, so with שִׂים vPs 89:30 king subject, בַּחֶסֶד כִּסְאוֺסָעַד Prov 20:28 passive דָוִד יִהְיֶה נכִון ׳כ 1Kgs 2:45 the throne of David shall be established, compare 2Sam 7:16 = 1Chr 17:14 ׳וְהוּכַן בַּחֶסֶד כ Isa 16:5 (of Messianic reign); so (in general) ׳בִּצְדָקָה יִכּוֺן כ Prov 16:12, compare Prov 25:5; Prov 29:14 intransitive (with הָיָה) Ps 89:37 more fully, ׳י subject, מַמְלַכְתּוֺ ׳וְכֹנַנְתִּי אֶתכֿ 2Sam 7:13 (כֹּנֵן כסאו in || 1Chr 17:12), מַמְלַכְתְּךָ עַֿ ׳יִשְׂרָאֵלוַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶתכֿ 1Kgs 9:5, compare || 2Chr 7:18 and ׳וַהֲכִינוֺתִי כ <Times New Roman>מַלְכוּתוֺ עַליִֿשְׂרָאֵל 1Chr 22:10 also ׳מגּר כ Ps 89:45 cast down throne, of Gentile nations ׳מַמְלָכוֺתוְהָפַכְתִּי כ Hag 2:22 ׳יָשַׁב עלכֿ sit on the throne of any one (especially David) = be his successor 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 1:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 1Kgs 1:24; 1Kgs 1:27; 1Kgs 1:30; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 1:48; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 3:6; 2Kgs 13:13, especially Jer 13:13; Jer 17:25; Jer 22:2 + 5 t. Jeremiah; לָ֑ךְ ׳ֵישְׁבוּ לְכ Ps 132:12 more fully 1Chr 29:23 causative ׳הוֺשִׁיב עלכֿ 1Kgs 2:24; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Kgs 10:3 ׳הֹשִׁיב לַכּ figurative Job 36:7, of placing in honour; לָ֑ךְ ׳מִפְּרִי בִטְנְךָ אָשִׁית לְכ Ps 132:11 ישׁב׳עלכֿ also = take one's seat as king, become actual king, possess royalty 1Kgs 16:11, often sit on the throne of Israel 1Kgs 8:20; 1Kgs 8:25 = 2Chr 6:10; 2Chr 6:16; 1Kgs 10:9; 2Kgs 10:30; 2Kgs 15:12; Jer 33:17 without ישׁב 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 9:5, compare also Isa 9:6 (Messiah); ישׁב עלכֿסא מַמְלַכְתּוֺ Deut 17:18, עלכֿסא הַמְּלוּכָה 1Kgs 1:46, and even עַליִֿשְׂרָאֵללָשֶׁבֶת ׳עַלכִּֿסֵּא מַלְכוּת י 1Chr 28:5 also הַמְּלָכִים ישׁב ׳עַלכֿ 2Kgs 11:19, || הַמַּמְלָכָה ׳כ 2Chr 23:30 of (royal) throne as judgment seat Prov 20:8, compare also Ps 122:5 set one upon the throne of Israel ׳ישׂ ׳עלכֿ ׳נתן פ 1Kgs 10:9 compare || 2Chr 9:8 in comparative sentence ׳יְגַדֵּל אֶתכִּֿסְאוֺ מִכּ, i.e. make him a more powerful king than, 1Kgs 1:37, compare v1Kgs 1:47 of king of Babylon, מִמַּעַל לְכוֺכְבֵיאֵֿל אָרִים כִּסְאִי Isa 14:13. In Ps 45:7 ׳כִּסְאֲךָ אלהים וגו the text is probably corrupt: AE Hi Ew Bae read thy throne is (a throne) of God; Bi Che insert הקימונכונה יסודתו thy throne [its foundation is firmly fixed], God [has established it]; see further Dr^{§ 194, Obs..}
b. throne of ׳(אלהים) י = his royal dignity, sovereign, Lam 5:19; Ps 93:2; Ps 103:19 (׳הֵכִין כ; || מַלְכוּת); כְבוֺדֶ֑ךָ ׳כ Jer 14:21 קָדְשׁוֺ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכֿ Ps 47:9 צֶדֶק וּמִשְׁפָּט מְכוֺן כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ Ps 89:15 compare Ps 97:2.

BDB9617 H3678

כסא (see Biblical Hebrew כִּסֵּא throne).

Strong's Definition H3678

throne, seat, thrones, stool

kissēʾ

properly, covered, i.e., a throne (as canopied)

seat (of honor), throne, seat, stool

seat (of honor), throne

Variations 27 forms of this word

Translations 36 English renderings

Throne

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Word Parts

בַּת

Root word daughter, daughters, towns, villages, owls, …

Dictionary form: בַּת · baht

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsc

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בַּת	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: o daughter

the daughter ×101 daughter ×50 and daughters ×28 daughters ×28 the daughters ×25 of the daughter ×20 and her towns ×19 his daughter ×19

More options

daughter — Core meaning; fits most literal and narrative contexts.

young woman — Captures poetic or metaphorical uses (e.g., 'Daughter Zion').

town — Use for dependent settlements surrounding a main city.

village — Smaller settlement sense; interchangeable with 'town' contextually.

inhabitant — Collective sense: 'daughter of Zion' as its people.

girl — Informal register; suits younger or diminutive referents.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1179 H1323

I. בַּת₅₈₇ noun feminine daughter (= *בַּנְתְּ from בן; Phoenician בת, MI בנת plural maidens, Assyrian bintu Winckler^{Sargon, Glossary,} Arabic ; Sabean בת, בנת DHM^{ZMG 1883, 391} CIS^{iv. l, No. 6. 21}; Aramaic ) — ׳ב absolute Exod 1:16 +; construct Gen 11:29 +; suffix בִּתִּי Deut 22:16 +; בִּתְּךָ Gen 29:18 +; בִּתֵּנוּ Gen 34:17 etc.; plural בָּנוֺת Gen 5:4 +; construct בְּנוֺת Gen 6:2 +; suffix בְּנֹתַי Gen 31:26+; בְּנוֺתֶיךָ Gen 19:12 +; בְּנֹתָם Gen 34:21 בְּנוֺתֵיהֶם Deut 12:31 +, etc.; —

1. daughter, female child, born of a woman Gen 30:21; Gen 34:1; Exod 1:16; Exod 1:22; Exod 21:4; Lev 12:6; Hos 1:6 compare Gen 20:12; Lev 18:9; Deut 27:22 +; begotten by a man Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7; Gen 5:10; Gen 11:11; Gen 11:13; Gen 11:15 compare Gen 11:29; Gen 19:8; Gen 20:12; Gen 28:2; Lev 19:9; Deut 27:22 +; often || בֵּן son Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7 + (see בֵּן); compare in allegory of Jehoash 2Kgs 14:9 = 2Chr 25:18 note especially בְּנוֺת הָאָדָם i.e. human women Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4 בִּתְּךָ הַפְּטַנָּה thy younger daughter Gen 29:18 (compare הַצְּעִירָה vGen 29:26 opposed to הַבְּכִירָה); בִּתִּי הַגְּדוֺלָה my eldest daughter 1Sam 18:17 בַּתֿ(הַ)מֶּלֶךְ = princess 2Chr 22:11; 2Kgs 9:34; Dan 11:6 compare 2Sam 13:18; Jer 41:10; Jer 43:6; Ps 45:10 compare as term of praise בַּתנָֿדִיב Song 7:2 in particular
a. girl called בִּתֵּנוּ by father and brothers Gen 34:17 compare בִּתְּכֶם vGen 34:8.
b. of adopted daughter Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15.
c. used in speaking to daughter-in-law Ruth 1:11; Ruth 1:12; Ruth 1:13; Ruth 2:2; Ruth 2:8; Ruth 2:22; Ruth 3:1; Ruth 3:16; Ruth 3:18.
d. בַּתאָֿבִיו = sister Ezek 22:11 (appositive אחזתו); also half-sister Gen 20:12 בַּתאָֿבִי אַךְ לֹא בַתאִֿמִּי, compare Lev 18:9 & vLev 18:11 בַּתאֵֿשֶׁת אָבִיךָ, Lev 20:17.
e. בַּתדֹּֿדוֺ = cousin Esth 2:7. feminine used in kindly address, בִּתִּי Ruth 3:10; Ruth 3:11 (Boaz to Ruth), compare Ps 45:11 בְּנוֺתַי in mouth of ׳י Isa 43:6 (|| בָּנַי).
g. בְּנוֺת בָּנָיו = granddaughters Gen 46:7 (P) compare Lev 18:10 & vLev 18:17 (H); note also Gen 37:35, where בנותיו must include other than actual daughters.
h. רִבְקָה בַּתבְּֿתוּאֵל (as more precise designation) Gen 25:20 compare Gen 24:23; Gen 24:24; Gen 24:47 (twice in verse); also Gen 26:34 (twice in verse); Gen 29:10 +; note especially בַּתֿ פַּרְעֹה (without personal name) Exod 2:5; Exod 2:7; Exod 2:8; Exod 2:9; Exod 2:10 compare 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 7:8; 1Kgs 9:24; 1Kgs 11:1; 2Chr 8:11 בַּתאִֿישׁ כְּנַעֲַנִי וּשְׁמוֺ שׁוּעַ Gen 38:2 compare vGen 38:12 (but compare 1Chr 2:3 below בַּתשֿׁוּעַ proper name, feminine below)
i. often plural as designation of women of a particular city, land, or people: בְּנוֺת צִיּוֺן Isa 3:16; Isa 3:17; Isa 4:4; Song 3:11 compare Isa 49:22; Isa 60:4; Lam 3:51 בְּנוֺת יְרוּשָׁלַם Song 1:5; Song 2:7; Song 3:5; Song 3:10; Song 5:8; Song 5:16; Song 8:4 בְּנוֺתשִֿׁילוֺ Judg 21:21 (twice in verse); בְּנוֺת רַבָּה Jer 49:3 observe transitional phrase בְּנוֺת אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר Gen 24:13 further בְּנוֺת כְּנָ֑עַן Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6; Gen 28:8; Gen 36:2 (all P) compare הַכְּנַעֲנִי ׳ב Gen 24:3; Gen 24:37 (J); בְּנוֺת הָאָרֶץ Gen 27:46; Gen 34:1 (both P); בְּנוֺת מוֺאָב Num 25:1; Isa 16:2 compare Num 21:29 חֵת ׳ב Gen 27:46 (twice in verse) (P); פְּלִשְׁתִּים ׳ב Judg 14:1; Judg 14:2; 2Sam 1:20 || הָֽעֲרֵלִים ׳ב v2Sam 1:20 (poetry); יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳ב Judg 11:40; 1Sam 1:24 (poetry); יְהוּרָה ׳ב Ps 48:12; Ps 97:8 מְנַשֶּׁה ׳ב Josh 17:6 דָּן ׳ב 2Chr 2:13 compare בַּתלַֿוֵי Exod 2:1 i.e. a woman of tribe of Levi; also אַחֶיךָ ׳ב Judg 14:3 עַמֶּ֑ךָ ׳ב Ezek 13:17. — בֵּתצִֿיּוֺן etc. see below 3 below

2. young women, women Gen 30:13 (J) Prov 31:29; Song 2:2; Song 6:9 בָּנוֺת בֹּטְחוֺת Isa 32:9 also בַּת הַנָּשִׁים Dan 11:17.

3. with name of city, land, or people, poetic personification of that city or inhabitants, etc.: בַּתצִֿיּוֺן Isa 1:8; Isa 10:32; Isa 16:1; Isa 62:11; Mic 1:13; Mic 4:8; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:13; Jer 4:31; Jer 6:2; Jer 6:23; Zeph 3:14; Zech 2:14; Zech 9:9; Ps 9:15; Lam 1:6; Lam 2:1; Lam 2:4; Lam 4:22 even זִקְנֵי בתצֿיון Lam 2:10 ׳צ ׳חוֺמַת ב vLam 2:8 vLam 2:18 also ׳צֿ׳בְּתוּלַת ב 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; Lam 2:13 ׳צֿ׳שְׁבִּיָּה ב Isa 52:2 יְרוּשָׁלַם ׳ב 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; Mic 4:8; Zeph 3:14; Zech 9:9; Lam 2:13; Lam 2:15 compare בַּתפּֿוּצַי Zeph 3:10 daughter of my dispersed ones; בַּתצֹֿר Ps 45:13 בָּבֶל ׳ב Jer 50:42; Jer 51:33; Ps 137:8 בָּבֶל ׳בְּתוּלַת ב Isa 47:1 see further Zech 2:11 also of Tarshish Isa 23:10, Sidon vIsa 23:12 (+ בְּתוּלַת), Dibon Jer 48:18 (+ יוֺשֶׁבֶת), Gallim Isa 10:30 בְּתוּלַת יְֿהוּדָה׳ב Lam 1:15 compare מִבְצְרֵי בַּת יְהוּדָה Lam 2:2 בַּתעַֿמִּי daughter of my people Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11; Jer 6:14; Jer 6:26; Jer 8:11; Jer 8:19; Jer 8:21; Jer 8:22; Jer 8:23; Jer 9:6; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10, ׳י ׳בְּתוּלַת ב Jer 14:17 בַּתמִֿצְרָ֑יִם Jer 46:24 also Jer 46:11 (+ בְּתוּלַת), vJer 46:19 (+ יוֺשֶׁבֶת); אֱדוֺם ׳ב Lam 4:21; Lam 4:22 כַּשְׂדִּים ׳ב Isa 47:1; Isa 47:5 note הַבַּת הַשּׁוֺבֵבָ֑ה Jer 31:22 (|| בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל vJer 31:21) Jer 49:4 (= Ammon); on בַּתאֲֿשֻׁרִים Ezek 27:6 see below אֲשֻׁרִים p. 81; less often in plural בְּנוֺת הַגּוֺיִם Ezek 32:16 אַדִּרִם ׳גּ ׳ב vEzek 32:18 (these perhaps below 1 i); בְּנוֺת פְּלִשְׁתִּים Ezek 16:27 (in allegory); compare also of Sodom, Samaria, Syria etc. V:44; V:45; V:46; V:46; V:53; V:55; V:55; V:57; V:57; Ezek 23:2.

4. plural = villages, after name of city, וּבְחֶשְׁבּוֺן וּבְכָלבְּֿנֹתֶיהָ Num 21:25 compare vNum 21:32; Num 32:42 (E) Josh 15:45; Josh 15:47 (twice in verse) (J E ?) + vJosh 15:28 ᵐ5 Di, Josh 17:11 (6 t.) vJosh 17:16 (J) = Judg 1:27 (4 t. in verse); Judg 11:26 (twice in verse); Jer 49:2 + 17 t.; Chronicles + 6 t.; Neh 11:25-31. On 1Chr 18:1 & its variation from || 2Sam 8:1 see We Dr.

5. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc., בַּתאֵֿל נֵכָר daughter of a strange god, i.e. idolatrous (woman or people) Mal 2:11 בַּתגְּֿדוּר daughter of a troop, i.e. war-like city Mic 4:14 בְּנוֺת הַשִּׁיר Eccl 12:4 the daughters of song, i.e. songs, melodious notes; בַּתבְּֿלִיַּעַל 1Sam 1:16 see בְּלִיַּעַל below בלה.

6. בַּת יַעֲנָה = ostrich Lev 11:16 = Deut 14:15 plural בְּנוֺת יַעֲנָה Job 30:29; Mic 1:8; Isa 13:21; Isa 34:13; Isa 43:20; Jer 50:39 (see יַעֲנָה); בַּתעַֿיִן pupil of the eye Lam 2:18 compare Ethiopic see also אישׁוֺן

7. figurative לַעֲלוּקָה שְׁתֵּי בָנוֺת Prov 30:15 two daughters (i.e. Sh®°ôl & the barren womb, compare Comm.)

8. of vine = branch בָּנוֺת צָֽעֲרָה עֲלֵישֿׁוּר Gen 49:22 compare Di & v: below בֵּן.

9. as noun relative (all P), of age of woman בַּתתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה Gen 17:17 of ewe-lamb בַּתשְֿׁנָתָהּ Lev 14:10; Num 6:14 of she-goat id. Num 15:27. compare בֵּן

9. — II. בַּת see below בתת.

BDB1379 H1323

I. בַּת daughter see below בן.

Strong's Definition H1323

daughter, daughters, towns, villages, owls, …

bat

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

(n f) daughter

daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

as polite address

Variations 119 forms of this word

Translations 143 English renderings

Bath-shua Judah's Canaanite wife; mother of Er, Onan, and Shelah. Daughter

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Word Parts

כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of the chaldeans")

Dictionary form: כַּשְׂדִּי · kahs-DEE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

כַּשְׂדִּים

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: of the chaldeans

of the chaldeans ×30 the chaldeans ×17 of the chaldees ×10 and the chaldeans ×6 of chaldea ×3 and against the chaldeans ×1 and chaldea ×1 and the chaldees ×1

More options

Chaldean — Standard adjective/demonym; fits most narrative and descriptive contexts.

Babylonian — Useful when Chaldean empire or culture is the focus.

Chaldaean — Slightly formal variant; suits scholarly or liturgical translations.

astrologer — Use when כַּשְׂדִּי refers to a priestly or divinatory professional class.

Chaldea — As a place name; use when the lemma denotes the region, not the people.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4222 H3679 H3778

כַּשְׂדִּים proper name, of a people and territory Kasdim = Chaldeans, Chaldea, ᵐ5 Ξαλδαῖοι and (Jer 50:10) ἡ Ξαλδαία (Assyrian (mat) Kaldu, Kaldû from earlier (Babylonian) form [* Kašdu] — š before dental becoming l, Dl^{Par 128 f.} 200 f.; Assyrian Gr. § 51, 3; Schr^{KGF 94ff.}; COT on Gen 11:28); —

1. Chaldeans:
a. people dwelling on lower Euphrates and Tigris; in proper name, of a location ׳אוּר כ Gen 11:28 (J), vGen 11:31 (P), Gen 15:7 (J), Neh 9:7.
b. especially the people ruled by Nebuchadrezzar; — ׳כ Jer 37:10; Jer 39:5; Ezek 23:23; 2Kgs 24:2; 2Kgs 25:4; 2Kgs 25:5; 2Kgs 25:10; 2Kgs 25:13 = Jer 52:7; Jer 52:8; Jer 52:14; Jer 52:17 (2Kgs 24:5; 2Kgs 24:10 = also Jer 39:5; Jer 39:8), 2Kgs 25:26; Isa 13:19; Isa 43:14; Isa 48:14; Isa 48:20; Job 1:17 Kt. כַּשְׂדִּיִּים Ezek 23:14; 2Chr 36:17 ׳הַכּ Jer 21:4; Jer 21:9; Jer 22:25; Jer 32:4; Jer 32:5; Jer 32:24; Jer 32:25; Jer 32:28; Jer 32:29; Jer 32:43; Jer 33:5; Jer 35:11; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:8; Jer 37:9; Jer 37:11; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Jer 38:2; Jer 38:18; Jer 38:19; Jer 38:23; Jer 39:8; Jer 40:9; Jer 40:10; Jer 41:3; Jer 41:18; Jer 43:3; Jer 50:35; Hab 1:6; 2Kgs 25:24; 2Kgs 25:25 ׳בַּתכֿ Isa 47:1; Isa 47:5 = Babylon (in dirge); ׳אֶרֶץ כ ἡ γῆ Ξαλδαίων on locality see Schr Dl^l.c.) Jer 24:5; Jer 25:12; Jer 50:1; Jer 50:8; Jer 50:25; Jer 50:45; Jer 51:4; Jer 51:54; Ezek 1:3; Ezek 12:3, also Isa 23:13 (inauthentic, Di Che; read כְּנַעֲנִים Ew Schr, or כִּתִּים Du); סֵפֶר ׳וּלְשׂוֺן כ Dan 1:4 ׳מַלְכוּת כ Dan 9:1.
c. Chaldeans, as learned class, skilled in interpretations Dan 2:2 (+ חַרְטֻמִּים אַשָּׁפִים מְכַשְּׁפִים), vDan 2:4.

2. Chaldea, וְהָֽיְתָה כַּשְׂדִּים לְשָׁלָל Jer 50:10 and Chaldea shall be despoiled; ׳יוֺשְׁבֵי כ Jer 51:24; Jer 51:35 כַּשְׂדִּים אֶרֶץ מוֺלַדְתָּם Ezek 23:15 with ה locative: כַּשְׂדִּ֫ימָה Ezek 11:24; Ezek 16:29; Ezek 23:16.

BDB9627 H3779 H3778

כַּשְׂדָּ֑י proper name, of a people Chaldean (see Biblical Hebrew כַשְׂדִּים); — absolute ׳כ Dan 2:10 emphatic כשדיא Dan 5:30 Kt (Qr כַּשְׂדָּאָה), כסדיא Ezra 5:12 Kt (Qr כַּסְדָּאָה); plural absolute כַּשְׂדָּאִין Ezra 3:8; Ezra 5:11, emphatic כשדיא Kt, כַּשְׂדָּאֵי Qr, Dan 2:5; Dan 2:10; Dan 4:4; Dan 5:7 —

1. Chaldean By race Dan 3:8; Dan 5:30; Ezra 5:12.

2. as learned, of the class of Magi (Biblical Hebrew ׳כ 1 c), Dan 2:5; Dan 2:10 (twice in verse); Dan 4:4; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:11.

Strong's Definition H3778

chaldeans, chaldees, chaldea

kaśdî

clod-breakers

a Kasdite, or descendant of Kesed; by implication, a Chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people

(n pr loc) a territory in lower Mesopotamia bordering on the Persian Gulf

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 19 English renderings

Chaldea Chaldea Ancient Mesopotamian empire; known for astrology and wisdom Chaldeans

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Word Parts

כִּ֣י

Conjunction for, that, because, but, when, …

Dictionary form: כִּי · kee

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C

Conjunction

כִּי	Speech Conjunction

In English

In the KJV here: for

for ×2058 that ×621 because ×373 but ×221 when ×190 if ×94 and if ×49 though ×39

More options

because — Causal; explains the reason for a preceding statement.

that — Complementary/content clause; introduces indirect speech or thought.

since — Causal with a presupposed background fact.

when — Temporal; use where כִּי marks time rather than cause.

if — Conditional; use in hypothetical or legal-style clauses.

although — Concessive; acknowledges a contrasting reality.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3937 H3587 H3588

כִּי noun [masculine] burning, branding (for form, compare רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Kö^{ii. 1. 64}) — only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Isa 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.

BDB3995 H3588 H518

כִּי conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (W^{SG 110 f.}); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) —

1. that (ὅτι, German dass):
a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as Gen 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, Gen 3:6; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:5; Gen 12:14 + often, hearing Gen 14:14; Gen 29:33, knowing Gen 22:12; Gen 24:14, telling Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18, repenting Gen 6:6; Gen 6:7, swearing Gen 22:16; Jer 22:5, believing Exod 4:5; Lam 4:12, remembering Ps 78:35, forgetting Job 39:15 אָמַר = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36:10; Job 36:24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37:20 b 1Chr 21:18 (contrast 2Sam 24:18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2Sam 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as Gen 2:18 see ibid.); Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Mal 3:14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Ps 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Ps 42:5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Ps 56:10 this I know that God is for me Job 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2Sam 19:7; Jer 26:15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 3:6; Gen 29:12; Exod 4:31; Josh 2:9; Josh 8:21; Josh 10:1; 1Sam 31:7; 2Sam 5:12; 1Kgs 11:21; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 45:26; Judg 10:10.
b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gen 21:30; Gen 29:33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Exod 3:12 = Judg 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Josh 2:24; 1Sam 2:16 (see Dr) 1Sam 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2Sam 11:23; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 20:5; Ruth 1:10, compare Ruth 2:21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, Gen 26:22; Gen 29:32 (but De surely: see below), Exod 2:10 (compare Gen 4:25; Gen 41:51; Gen 41:52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1Sam 29:8; 1Kgs 11:22; 2Kgs 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, ׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gen 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: Num 14:22; 1Sam 20:3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 1Sam 26:16; 1Sam 29:6; Isa 49:18 +; 1Sam 14:44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2Sam 3:35; 1Kgs 2:23; Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gen 1:39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי ׳חַי י 1Sam 25:34; 2Sam 2:27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 2Sam 3:9; 2Sam 15:21 Qr 1Kgs 1:30; Jer 22:24.
d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
(a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2Sam 9:1, (expecting a negative answer) Gen 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gen 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2Sam 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the || 1Chr 11:25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.; אִםלֹֿא כִּי Deut 32:30 were it not that .. .; אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; אַךְ כִּי 1Sam 8:9 אֶפֶם כִּי Num 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי Ruth 2:21 הֲלֹא כִי 1Sam 10:1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 13:28 הִנֵּה כִי Ps 128:4 compare Ps 118:10 כִּי אֲמִיַלם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Isa 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew^{§ 354 c} De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2Kgs 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v2Kgs 18:35; 2Chr 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1Chr 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי
(b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then . . ., Gen 31:42; Gen 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Num 22:33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1Sam 14:30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1Sam 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gen 29:32; Job 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Exod 9:15; Num 22:29; Job 3:13; Job 6:3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitation preceding (see a, c). Rare otherwise: Exod 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isa 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָמנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exod 18:11; Num 23:23; 1Sam 17:25; 1Sam 20:26; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 32:13; Isa 60:9; Jer 22:22; Jer 31:19; Hos 6:9; Hos 8:6; Hos 9:12; Hos 10:3; Amos 3:7; Ps 76:11; Ps 77:12 (Ew Che), Prov 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Eccl 4:16; Eccl 7:7; Eccl 7:20; Job 28:1 +; Lam 3:22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ruth 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De^{Prov 30:1} would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Gen 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1Sam 22:8; Isa 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vIsa 22:16; Isa 36:5; Isa 52:5; Mic 4:9; Hab 2:18 followed by participle Judg 14:3; 1Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2Kgs 5:7; Ezek 24:19 usually followed by imperfect Exod 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? Exod 16:7; Judg 8:6; Judg 9:28; 2Kgs 8:13; Isa 7:13; Isa 29:16 (also perfect), Ps 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7:12; Job 7:17; Job 10:5f.; Job 13:25f.; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 +; after a negative, Gen 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Ps 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isa 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2; Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew^{§ 337 a}; Dr^{§ 39} δ).
g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gen 6:1 (compare Bu^{Urg. 6}), Gen 26:8; Gen 27:1; 2Sam 6:13; 2Sam 7:1; 2Sam 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 17:48; Josh 22:7; Judg 2:18; Judg 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jer 44:19 (participle), Hos 11:1; Ps 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31:21; Job 31:26; Job 31:29 of present (usually with imperfect) as Exod 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1Sam 24:20; Isa 1:12; Isa 30:21; Jer 14:12; Zech 7:5; Zech 7:6; Mal 1:8; Ps 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Ps 102:1; Ps 127:5 +, with perfect Ezek 3:19-21; Ezek 33:9; Prov 11:15; Prov 23:22 especially of future, as Gen 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., Gen 24:41; Gen 30:33; Gen 31:49; Gen 32:18; Exod 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deut 4:25; Deut 6:20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וג) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Lev 25:20; Deut 18:21; Isa 8:19; Isa 36:7; Jer 13:22 and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33; Deut 6:10; Deut 15:16; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 25:30; Isa 8:21; Isa 10:12 + often; with perfect Isa 16:12; 1Chr 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2Sam 7:12); with participle (unusual) Num 33:51; Num 34:2; Deut 11:31; Deut 18:9.
b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) Gen 38:16; Num 5:20; Num 10:32; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:17; Deut 28:2; Deut 28:13; 1Sam 20:13; 2Sam 19:8; 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 18:22; Jer 38:15; Prov 4:8; Job 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19:28 often in laws, as Exod 21:14; Exod 21:33; Exod 21:35; Exod 21:37; Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 etc., Deut 13:13; Deut 14:24; Deut 15:7; Deut 15:12; Deut 17:2; Deut 18:6; Deut 18:21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Exod 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which vExod 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so Exod 21:7 (כי), vExod 21:8-11 (אם); vExod 21:18 (כי), vExod 21:19 (אם); vExod 21:20 (כי), vExod 21:21 (אם); vExod 21:22 f; vExod 21:28-32; Lev 1:2 (כי), vLev 1:3 vLev 1:10 (אם) Lev 4:2; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:32; Lev 13:2ff. Num 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exod 21:5 with Deut 15:16; Num 5:19 and vNum 5:20. —

N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1Kgs 8:37 רָעָב ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג, Isa 28:18; Mic 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּייָֿבאֹ בְאַרְצֵנוּ, Ps 62:11; Ezek 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), Ezek 14:9; Ezek 14:13; Ezek 18:5; Ezek 18:18; Ezek 18:21; Ezek 33:6 (compare vEzek 33:2); and especially in laws of P, as כִּי ֗֗֗ אָדָם Lev 1:2; Lev 13:2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2; Lev 5:1; Lev 5:4; Lev 5:15, similarly Lev 15:2; Lev 15:16; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:25; Lev 22:12; Lev 22:13; Lev 22:14 etc., rather differently Num 5:20.
c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: —
(a) with imperfect Jer 4:30 (3 t. in verse); Jer 14:12; Jer 49:16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jer 51:53; Hos 13:15; Zech 8:6; Ps 37:24; Ps 49:19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jer 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jer 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Isa 1:5; Ps 23:4 (compare Dr^{§ 143});
(b) with perf. (rare) Mic 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nah 1:10 (si vera 1.), Ps 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), Ps 119:88 (Ew De).

3. Because, since ὅτι —
a. Gen 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., vGen 3:17; Gen 18:20; Gen 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 2

N.B.) Isa 28:15 in answer to a question, Gen 27:20; Exod 1:19; Exod 18:15; 2Sam 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indem) Lev 22:9; Deut 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, Deut 12:20 (see Dr), vDeut 12:25 vDeut 12:28; Deut 13:19; Deut 14:24; Deut 16:15; Deut 19:6; Deut 19:9 +, 1Kgs 8:35 (compare v1Kgs 8:33 אֲשֶׁר), v1Kgs 8:36 כִּי תוֺרֵם, Prov 4:8b.
b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gen 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וג because on it he rested, etc., Gen 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gen 2:5; Gen 2:28; Gen 3:20; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:7; Gen 6:12; Gen 6:13; Ps 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Ps 10:14; Ps 25:16; Ps 27:10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Isa 14:29; Ps 58:11, being angry Gen 31:35; Gen 45:5, fearing Gen 43:18; Ps 49:17 etc. Iron. 1Kgs 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Prov 30:4; Job 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Ps 128:2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Isa 49:19.
c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Isa 3:8a Job 6:21 (ground of the comparison vJob 6:15-20), Job 14:16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed vJob 14:13-15), Job 16:22 (ground of vJob 16:20f.) Job 30:26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Job 5:6 (reason why complaining vJob 5:2-5 is foolish), Job 15:34; Job 23:14 sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 7:8; Isa 9:4; Isa 10:8-11; Isa 13:10 (development of vIsa 13:9a); Isa 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed vIsa 32:5); Job 11:16ff. (explicit of vJob 11:15b), Job 18:8 ff. (justifying vJob 18:7), Job 22:26 ff. (justifying vJob 22:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Isa 2:6 (reason why invitation vIsa 2:5 is needed), Isa 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation vIsa 5:9), Isa 18:5; Isa 28:8 (proof of the intoxication vIsa 28:7), Isa 31:7 (reason for the exhortation vIsa 31:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27:8-10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Isa 7:16f. (Isa 7:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare vIsa 7:15), Isa 21:6ff. (ground of the statements vIsa 21:1-5), Job 4:5 (ground of vJob 4:2), Job 14:7-12 (Job 14:10-12 specially the ground for the appeal in vJob 14:6), Job 23:10-13 (ground why God cannot be found vJob 23:8f.), Ps 73:21 (ground not of vPs 73:20, but of the general train of thought vPs 73:2); similarly Gen 4:24; Deut 18:14; Jer 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Isa 28:20 (justifying 'nought but terror' vIsa 28:19), Job 23:17 (God's hostility vJob 23:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Isa 28:11 (the mockeries of vIsa 28:10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Isa 28:13); = (no,) for Isa 28:28 (see RVm), Job 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31:18; Job 39:14 (see vJob 39:13b), Ps 44:24 (he cannot do this, vPs 44:23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Ps 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Isa 49:25 (see the question vIsa 49:24), Isa 66:8.
d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gen 3:19; Gen 26:7; Gen 43:32; Gen 47:20; Exod 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Isa 2:6 (twice in verse); Isa 3:8 (twice in verse); Isa 6:5a, b; Isa 10:22f.; Job 6:3f.; Job 8:8; Job 8:9 (twice in verse); Job 24:17 (twice in verse); Job 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Exod 23:21; Exod 23:22; Isa 6:5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Isa 15:5 (twice in verse); Isa 15:6 (twice in verse); Isa 15:8; Isa 15:9; Zeph 3:8f.; Job 15:25; Job 15:27; Job 20:19f.; Job 31:11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, Gen 33:11; Num 5:20 (if), Josh 7:15; Judg 6:30; 1Sam 19:4; 1Sam 22:17; 1Kgs 2:26; Isa 65:16 +.
e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): Gen 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, Gen 24:3f.; Gen 45:8; Exod 1:19; Exod 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳י = but against ׳י, Deut 21:17; 1Sam 6:3 (אַל), 1Sam 27:1 (see Dr), 1Kgs 21:17; Isa 10:7; Isa 28:27; Isa 29:23; Isa 30:5; Ps 44:8; Ps 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gen 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, Gen 19:2; Gen 42:12; Josh 5:14; 1Sam 2:16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1Sam 12:12; 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 2:30; 1Kgs 3:22; 1Kgs 11:22; Isa 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. — כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Isa 8:23 Ges Ew^{§ 330 b} doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking vIsa 8:22 as RVm); Ch surely: Isa 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: Isa 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (explanation of טוֺב): Ezek 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In Exod 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it probably that כֹּי is for (Dr^{§ 153}). Job 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. כִּי אִםֿ (the אִם always followed by makkeph, except Gen 15:4; Num 35:33; Neh 2:2, where כִּיאִֿם is read by the Mass.: Fr^{MM 241}) —

1. each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
a. that if Jer 26:15 after an oath (כִּי not translated: see כִּי 1 c) if 1Sam 14:39; Jer 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2Sam 3:35; 1Sam 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see כִּי 1 c); Exod 22:22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי 1 d).
b. for if Exod 8:17; Exod 9:2; Exod 10:4; +, for though Isa 10:22; Jer 37:20; Amos 5:22, but if Jer 7:5.

2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause —
a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb Gen 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' Lev 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Isa 65:6; Amos 3:7; Ruth 3:18; Lam 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, Gen 28:17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, Gen 32:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee, Lev 21:2; Num 14:30 (after אִם), Num 26:65 (compare Num 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Josh 14:4; 1Sam 30:17; 1Sam 30:22; 2Sam 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 19:29; 1Kgs 17:1 (after אִם), 1Kgs 22:31; 2Kgs 5:15; 2Kgs 9:35; 2Kgs 13:7; Jer 22:17; Jer 44:14 +; after אַל, 2Chr 23:6 followed by an adverb clause, Gen 42:15; Num 35:33; 2Sam 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Isa 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Deut 10:12; Mic 6:8; Eccl 5:10; 2Chr 2:5.
b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gen 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1Kgs 8:19), 1Kgs 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1Kgs 17:15), 1Kgs 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exod 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deut 7:5; Deut 12:5; Deut 16:6; Josh 23:8; 1Sam 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1Sam 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 12:12), 1Sam 21:5; 2Sam 5:6; 1Kgs 18:18; 2Kgs 10:23 (פֶּן), Isa 33:21; Isa 55:10; Isa 55:11; Isa 59:2; Jer 3:10; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:23; Jer 16:15; Jer 20:3; Jer 44:10; Ps 1:2; Ps 1:4; Prov 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gen 15:4; 1Kgs 8:19), Lev 21:14; Ezek 44:22; Num 10:30; 2Kgs 23:23; Jer 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1Sam 26:10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2Sam 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Isa 65:18; Ezek 12:23; Jer 39:12; 2Chr 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Gen 40:14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr^{§ 119} δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Num 24:22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2Kgs 5:20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2Sam 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Judg 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1Sam 21:6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1Kgs 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Prov 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

Strong's Definition H3588

for, that, because, but, when, …

kî

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

that

yea, indeed

when, if, though (with a concessive force)

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 302 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

לֹ֤א

Particle not

Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Tn

Particle — Negative

לֹא	Speech Particle Type Negative

In English

In the KJV here: thou shalt no

not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86

More options

not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.

no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.

never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.

nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.

neither — Use when negating two elements together.

none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4266 H3808

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236} Walker^{AJSL 1896, 237 ff.}) — לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr^{MM 248}), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.^{p. 251}), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
(a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges^{«GKC:156»§ 156}. 3 R. b, c Dr^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr^{§ 115}, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109}. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
(b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
(c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָבר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
(d) standing alone:
(a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
(e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew^{§ 324 a} Ges^{«GKC:150»§ 150}. 1 Dr^{1Sam 11:12}): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
b. with adjectives and substantive:
(a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
(b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר

2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
(c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew^{§ 320 c} Dr^{§ 162}): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v^b בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew^{§ 286 g} Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v^b Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr^{§ 164}), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236 f}.

4. With prefixes: —
a. בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
(a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
(b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
(c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
(a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see De^{Ps 100. 3} Fr^{MM 247} Str^{Prol. Cr. 84}), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb³⁰¹ Cook^{G1. 67}); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K^{§ 67, 1} Dr^{§ 202, 2}.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, D^{Aramaic Dialektproben, p. 1}). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

Strong's Definition H3808

not, no, neither, nor, none, …

lōʾ

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

not, no

not (with verb—absolute prohibition)

Variations 44 forms of this word

Translations 881 English renderings

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Word Parts

תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙

Root word more, again, add, increase, henceforth, …

Dictionary form: יָסַף · yaw-SAHP

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vhi2fs

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person feminine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

תוֹסִיפִי

Speech Verb Stem Hiphil Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Second Person Gender Feminine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: more

again ×39 more ×37 any more ×4 add ×3 henceforth ×3 increaseth ×3 to me and more ×3 will add ×3

More options

add — Core meaning; best for literal contexts of addition or increase.

continue — Prefer when the sense is doing something again or further.

increase — Fits contexts of growth or accumulation in quantity.

do again — Natural for repeated actions; captures the 'again' nuance.

proceed — Suits narrative contexts: carrying on with an action.

no longer — Use in negated clauses where the sense is ceasing to do.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3599 H3254

יָסַף₂₁₄ verb add (Late Hebrew id., Hiph`il; Aramaic Aph`el אוֺסִיף, Phoenician יסף; MI²⁹ יספתי, Gen 1:21 לספת; Sabean וסף Hom^{ZMG 1892, 530}; Assyrian esêpu dubious (eƒêpu Dl) —

Qal Perfect יָסַף Gen 38:26 +; יָסְפָה Gen 8:12 וְיָסְפָה consecutive 2Kgs 19:30 = Isa 37:31 יָסַ֫פְתָּ Isa 26:15; 2Chr 9:6 וְיָסַפְתָּ֫ Deut 19:9, etc.;Imperative סְפוּ Isa 29:1; Jer 7:2l; + Infinitive construct לָסֶ֫פֶת for ᵑ0 לִסְפּוֺת Num 32:14; Isa 30:1 (Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}. 2. R); Participle יוֺסִף (read יוֺסֵף) Isa 29:14; Isa 38:5 (Kö^{i. 403} adds Eccl 1:18 יוֺסִיף, from form and connection less likely); plural יֹסְפִים Deut 5:22 — add followed by accusative + על 1Sam 12:19; Jer 7:21; Jer 45:3; Isa 29:1; Isa 30:1; Isa 38:5; Deut 19:9 (+ עוד), Lev 22:14; Lev 26:21; Lev 27:13; Lev 27:15; Lev 27:19; Lev 27:27 followed by accusative 2Kgs 19:30 = Isa 37:31; Num 32:14; 2Chr 9:6 followed by על (no accusative; יָסַפְתָּ עַלהַֿשְּׁמוּעָה אֲשֶׁר שָׁמָ֑עְתִּי); followed by לְ (no accusative) = increase Isa 26:15 (twice in verse) (יָסַפְתָּ לַגּוֺי); followed by accusative increase, have more Isa 29:19 (וְיַסְפוּ עֲנָוִים ביהוה שִׂמְחָה); 14 t. followed by infinitive Gen 8:12 (אליו עוֺד לֹא יָסְפָה שׁוּב, i.e. it did not again return unto him), Gen 38:26 (+עוד), Lev 26:18; Num 32:15 (+ עוד), Deut 5:22 ( + עוֺד), Deut 20:8; Judg 8:28; Judg 13:21 (+ עוד), 1Sam 7:13 ( + עוד), 1Sam 15:35; 1Sam 27:4 (וְלאֹ יָו֯סַף עוֺד), 2Sam 2:28 (+עוד), 2Kgs 6:23 (+עוֺד), Isa 29:14 compare Num 11:25; Deut 5:19, where infinitive not expressed, but implied from context; both with לֹא and did not do it again. Niph`al Perfect נוֺסַף Jer 36:32 ׳וְנ: consecutive Exod 1:10; Num 36:3 3 feminine singular וְנוֺסְפָה consecutive Num 36:4 Participle וְנוֺסָף Prov 11:24 נוֺסָפוֺת Isa 15:9 —

1. join (intransitive), join oneself to (עַל) Exod 1:10

2. be joined, added to (עַל) Num 36:3; Num 36:4; Jer 36:32 participle absolute is increased Prov 11:24 participle feminine plural = things added, additions (i.e. additional calamities) Isa 15:9.

Hiph`il 172 Perfect הֹסִיף 2Kgs 24:7 הוֺסַ֫פְתָּ 1Kgs 10:7, etc.;Imperfect₁₆₄ יוֺסִיף Josh 23:18 +; jussive יוֺסֵף Gen 30:24 +; י֫וֺסֶף (before tone) Prov 1:5; Prov 9:9 וַיּ֫וֺסֶף Isa 7:10 +; וַיּ֫אֹסֶף 1Sam 18:29 2 masculine singular תּוֺסִיף Amos 7:13 +; jussive תֹּסֵף Deut 13:1 תּוֺסַ֑ף Job 40:32 תּוֺסְף Prov 30:6 אוֺסִיף Hos 1:6 +; volunt. אוֺסֵף Hos 9:15 אֹסֵף Deut 18:16 + Ezek 5:16 (strike out Co); אֹסִ֫פָה 2Sam 12:8 + probably Deut 32:28 (for ᵑ0 אַסְפֶּה); 3 masculine plural יוֺסִפ֫וּן 1Kgs 19:2 2 masculine plural תּוֺסִ֫יפוּ Isa 1:5 +; תִּסִפ֫וּן Gen 44:23 + 2 t.; תּאֹסִפ֫וּן Exod 5:7 (per contr. 2Sam 6:1; Ps 104:29, compare below אסף), etc.; Participle plural מוֺסִיפִים Neh 13:18 Infinitive construct הוֺסִיף Lev 19:25 + 3 t.; —

1. add (= Qal), followed by accusative+ עַל 2Kgs 20:6; Lev 5:16; Lev 5:24; Lev 27:31; Num 5:7; Job 34:37 (Elihu), Ps 61:7; Prov 16:23; Ezek 5:16 (see above), Neh 13:18 + Deut 32:23 followed by accusative+ לְ Gen 30:24; Prov 3:2 gn; followed by accusative+ אֶל 1Kgs 10:7 (i.e. thou hast more wisdom and prosperity than is reported); followed by accusative + אִם Prov 10:22 compare וְהוֺסַפְתִּ֫י עַלכָּֿלתְּֿהִלָּֽתְךָ Ps 71:14 (i. e. increase); וְהוֺסַ֫פְתִּי חכמה על כלאֿשׁרהֿיה לְפָנַי Eccl 1:16 (|| הִגְּדַּ֫לְתִּי) (i.e. gain more); compare Eccl 2:9 (|| וְגָדַ֫לְתִּי); לכם תבואתו ׳ה Lev 19:25 (i.e. yield more); וַיּ֫וֺסֶף ׳אַחְאָב לַעֲשׂוֺת לְהַכְעִיס אֶתיֿהוהמִ֗֗֗כֹּל וגו 1Kgs 16:33 (did more to provoke); add to, increase (followed by על), no object expressed עלחֿטאתנו׳ה 2Chr 28:13 עלאֿשׁמת׳ה ישׂראל Ezra 10:10 עליו אֵין להוס֔יף Eccl 3:14 (opposed to לִגְרֹעַ), compare Deut 4:2; Deut 13:1; 1Kgs 12:11; 1Kgs 12:14; 1Chr 22:14; 2Chr 10:11; 2Chr 10:14; Prov 30:6; Ps 115:14 followed by אֶל (no other object expressed) Ezek 23:14 = give in addition וְאֹסִפָה לך 2Sam 12:8 מַהיֹּֿסִיף לָךְ) Ps 120:4 (|| מַהיִּֿתֵּן לְךָ); especially in phrase כה יעשׂה אלהים ) לך (לי) וכה יוסיף ׳(י 1Sam 3:17 so may God do to thee and more also, 1Sam 14:44; 1Sam 20:13; 1Sam 25:22; 2Sam 3:9 (יוסיף לו וכה), v2Sam 3:35; 2Sam 19:14; 1Kgs 2:23; 2Kgs 6:31; Ruth 1:17 subject heathen gods 1Kgs 19:2; 1Kgs 20:10
c. accusative אֹמֶץ ׳ה add strength = grow stronger Job 17:9, compare Prov 1:5; Prov 9:9; Eccl 1:18 (twice in verse), also Isa 1:5; Prov 16:21 also, where subject different from indirect object Prov 10:27 (יוסיף ימים ׳יראת י), Prov 19:4; Prov 23:23 = multiply עליכם כָּכֶם אלף פעמים׳ה Deut 1:11 compare 1Chr 21:3 אלהיךָ אלהֿעם כָּהֵם וְכָהֵם ׳וְיוֺסֵף י מֵאָה פְעָמִים 2Sam 24:3 compare אתכֿלאֿשׁר לְאִיּוֺב ׳וַיֹּסֶף י לְמִשְׁנֶה Job 42:10.

2.a. followed by infinitive (with or without לְ) add to do = do again or more (in Hexateuch only J E & D); + עוֺד Gen 8:21 (twice in verse); Gen 18:20; Gen 37:5; Gen 37:6; Exod 10:29; Exod 14:13; Num 25:15; Deut 3:26; Deut 17:16; Deut 19:20; Deut 28:68; Judg 9:37; Judg 20:28; 1Sam 3:6; 1Sam 18:29 (increase), 1Sam 23:4; 1Sam 27:4 (Kt), 2Sam 2:22; 2Sam 5:22; 2Sam 7:20 (infinitive omitted in || 1Chr 17:18), 1Chr 14:10; 1Chr 18:22; 2Kgs 24:7; Amos 7:8; Amos 7:13; Amos 8:2; Isa 8:5; Isa 10:20; Isa 23:12; Isa 51:22; Nah 2:1; Zeph 3:11; Jer 31:12; Ezek 36:12; Ps 10:18; Ps 78:17 infinitive omitted Prov 19:19; 1Chr 17:18 עוֺד omitted Gen 4:2; Gen 4:12; Gen 8:10; Gen 44:23; Exod 5:7; Exod 8:25; Exod 9:28; Exod 9:34; Exod 10:28; Num 25:19; Num 25:25; Deut 13:12; Deut 18:16; Deut 25:3; Josh 7:12; Josh 23:13; Judg 2:31; Judg 3:12; Judg 4:1; Judg 10:16; Judg 10:13; Judg 13:1; Judg 20:22; Judg 20:23; 1Sam 3:8; 1Sam 3:21; 1Sam 9:8; 1Sam 19:8; 1Sam 20:17; 2Sam 3:34; 2Sam 7:10; 2Sam 24:1; 2Kgs 21:8; Isa 1:13; Isa 7:10; Isa 24:20; Hos 9:13; Amos 5:2; 1Chr 17:9; 2Chr 28:22; 2Chr 33:3; Job 27:1; Job 29:1; Ps 41:9; Ps 77:8; Lam 4:15; Lam 4:16; Lam 4:22; Jonah 2:5 infinitive omitted Exod 11:6; Deut 25:3; Job 20:9; Job 34:32 = (Elihu), Job 38:11; Job 40:5; Job 40:32; Joel 2:2 compare also עֲבוֺר׳ה Num 22:26 i.e. went on further.
b. followed by Imperfect with וַ (of past time) Gen 25:1; 1Sam 19:21; Esth 8:3; Job 36:1 (Elihu), Dan 10:18 + עוֺד Gen 38:5; Judg 11:14; 1Chr 14:13.
c. followed by Imperfect asynd. (Ges^{«GKC:120»§ 120}, 1 b, 2 b) לא תוסיפי יקראולָֿךְ Isa 47:1; Isa 47:5 אוסיף אֲבַקְשֶׁנּוּ עוֺד Prov 23:35. לא אוסיף עוֺד אֲרַחֵם אֶתבֵּֿית ישׂראל Hos 1:6 לא יוסיף יָבֹאבֿך עוֺד Isa 52:1.

BDB9583 H3254 H3255

[יְסַף] verb add (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Hoph`al (W^{GG 225}) Perfect 3 feminine singular הוּסֲפַת (K^{§§ 15 d): 17, 1; 43, 1. Beisp. c)}) Dan 4:33 was added, ל person

Strong's Definition H3254

more, again, add, increase, henceforth, …

yāsap

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

to add, increase, do again

(Qal) to add, increase, do again

to join, join oneself to

to cause to add, increase

Variations 84 forms of this word

Translations 111 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

יִקְרְאוּ

Root word called, call, cried, cry, read, …

Dictionary form: קָרָא · kaw-RAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqi3mp

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

יִקְרְאוּ

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: be called

called ×80 and called ×71 and he called ×30 call ×30 is called ×15 and she called ×14 was called ×11 and cried ×10

More options

call — Core, most versatile rendering; suits direct address or summons.

cry out — Prefer when urgency, distress, or loud exclamation is in view.

proclaim — Best for public, authoritative announcements or heralds.

read aloud — Use when the text specifies reading a scroll or document.

name — Ideal for the act of giving a name to a person or place.

invite — Suits contexts of summoning guests or extending a formal invitation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7550 H7121

I. קָרָא₇₂₄ verb call, proclaim, read (Late Hebrew id., read aloud, read; Phoenician קרא call; Arabic read aloud, recite (the '†or°¹n'), the †or°a¹n; Aramaic קְלרא, call, etc., so Old Aramaic קרא, Nabatean id., Palmyrene id., קרה); —

Qal₆₅₅ Perfect ׳ק Gen 11:9 +, 3 feminine singular consecutive וְקָרָזת Isa 7:14 (Ges^{«GKC:74g»§ 74g}); 2 masculine singular קָרָאתָ Judg 12:1 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְרָא Gen 2:19 +; suffix יִקְרְאוֺ Jer 23:6, אֵהוּ- Isa 41:2 +; 1 singular אֶקְרָא Deut 32:3 +, וָאֶקְרָאֶר 1Sam 28:15 (Ges^{«GKC:48d»§ 48d} Nes^{Marg. 15}); 3 feminine plural וַתִּקְרֶאנָה Ruth 4:17 (twice in verse), וַתִּקְרֶאןָ Num 25:2 2 feminine plural תִּקְרֶאנָה Ruth 1:20; Ruth 1:21, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְרָא Judg 7:3 +, suffix קְרָאֵנִי Ps 50:15, etc.; Infinitive construct קְרָא 1Sam 3:6 +, קְראֹות (Baer אֹת-) Judg 8:1 (Ges^{«GKC:74h»§ 74h}); suffix קָרְאִי Ps 4:2 +, etc.; Participle active קוֺרֵא Amos 5:8 +, קֹרֵא Jer 1:15 +; plural קֹרִאים Ps 99:6 (Ges^{«GKC:74i»§§ 74i}; «GKC:75oo»75oo); passive קָרוּא Esth 5:12 plural קְרוּאִים 1Sam 9:22; Ezek 23:23, קְרֻאִים 1Sam 9:13 +; construct קְרוּאֵי Num 1:16 Qr (Kt קריאי), Num 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי, see קָרִיא); —

1. a. call, cry, utter a loud sound, Judg 9:7; 2Sam 18:25 (in v2Sam 18:28 read וַיִּקְרַב We, confirmed by ᵐ5^L so Dr and all recent Comm.), Jer 4:6; Dan 8:16 (all + אמר), 2Kgs 7:11 (on text see Kit Benz), Isa 6:4 for help Gen 39:15; Gen 39:18 (J); of pleading in court Isa 59:4 (ב of manner); explicitly בְּקוֺל גְּדוֺל Gen 39:14 (J), 1Kgs 18:27; 1Kgs 18:28; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:13 = 2Chr 32:18, קוֺל גָּדוֺל Ezek 9:1 (+ בְּאָצְנֵי); with אַחֲרֵי person 1Sam 20:37 (+ אָמַר), 1Sam 24:8 (Gi; v.1Sam 24:9 van d. H. Baer; + לֵאמֹר), Jer 12:6.
b. call cry, object in oratio recta [direct speech] Judg 7:20; 1Sam 3:4 (read שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁמוּאֵל; ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS), v1Sam 3:6 (compare ᵐ5), v1Sam 3:8 (against accents), v1Sam 3:10 (see שְׁמוּאֵל), 1Sam 20:38; 2Sam 20:16; 2Kgs 11:14; Jer 20:8; Lev 13:45 = utter, speak Jer 36:18 of command Gen 45:1 (E).

2. a. call unto some one: אֶל person (often + אָמַר; sometimes with מִן local), Gen 3:9; Gen 19:5; Exod 3:4; Isa 6:3 + often; with עַל (for אֶל) of satyrs Isa 34:14 (so Vrss Ges Che^Comm. and others > recent Comm. from II. קָרָא or קָרָה which (in Qal) always take accusative); unto (אֶלׅ ׳י (God), in praise Ps 66:17; 1Chr 4:10, usually for help, Judg 15:18; 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:18; Hos 7:7 + Hos 3:5; Hos 4:4 +, + עַל person against Deut 15:9; Deut 24:15 to (לׅ ׳י (God) Job 14:14; Ps 57:3; Ps 141:1 to (ל) a servant (for service) 2Kgs 4:36; Job 19:16, so (אֶל) 2Sam 1:15 call to (ל) one Jer 3:4 (+ oratio recta [direct speech]), Lam 4:15 (id.), Prov 2:3 (לְבִינָה); subject ׳י Mic 6:9; Jer 35:17.
b. cry for help, absolute, (in poetry and late) Zech 7:13; Isa 58:9; Isa 65:24; Job 5:1; Job 9:16; Prov 21:13; Ps 4:2; Ps 20:10 + 10 t. Psalms (Ps 147:9 of young ravens); בֵּאָזְנֵי Ezek 8:18.
c. ׳בְּשֵׁם י ׳ק call with name of ׳י (i.e. use it in invocation): Gen 4:26; Gen 12:8; 2Kgs 5:11; Jer 10:25 = Ps 79:6 + 16 t. (1Kgs 18:24 of specific appeal to ׳י to display his power), + Isa 65:1 (see Pu`al); with name of Baal 1Kgs 18:24; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26.
d. late, with accusative dei Isa 43:22; Ps 14:4 + 4 t. Psalms; absolute Ps 116:2.

3. proclaim:
a. with accusative of thing procl. Amos 4:5; Gen 41:43; Deut 15:2; Jer 31:6; Lev 25:10 +; צוֺם ׳ק proclaim a fast 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:12; Jer 36:9 +, ׳מוֺעֲדֵי י ׳ק Lev 23:2; Lev 23:4 ׳ק followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Exod 34:6, etc.; followed by ל person Jer 34:8; Jer 34:15; Jer 34:17 (twice in verse); Isa 61:1, עַל person (against, concerning) 1Kgs 13:4; 1Kgs 13:32; Jer 49:29; Lam 1:15 proclaim peace to (ל person) Judg 21:13 compare אֵלֶיהָ לְשָׁלוֺם ׳ק Deut 20:10 ׳ק with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִקְרָא Isa 1:13, הַקְּרִיאָה Jonah 3:2 (+ אֶל).
b. ׳שֵׁם י ׳ק Deut 32:3; Ps 99:6 so (earlier) ׳בְשֵׁם י ׳ק Exod 33:19; Exod 34:5 (JE); compare בְּשֵׁם יַעֲקֹב ׳ק Isa 44:5 (but read יִקָּרֵא, Lo Che and most).
c. עֲלֵי׳בֵּשׁ ׳ק Ps 49:12 proclaim (with) name over landed estates, claim possession (Hup Bae); proclaim one's own name Ruth 4:11 = become famous; passive participle proclaimed, i.e. renowned Ezek 23:23.
d. absolute make proclamation (sometimes + אָמַר, לֵאמֹר) Judg 7:3; Jer 2:2 (בְּאָוְנֵי) Zech 1:14; Zech 1:17; Jonah 3:4; Isa 40:3; Isa 40:6 +, with עַל concerning Neh 6:7, against 1Kgs 13:2; Jonah 1:3.

4. a. read aloud, often בְּאָוְבֵי, less often לפְנֵי, with ב of roll, book Jer 36:6; Jer 36:8; Jer 36:14; Neh 8:3; Neh 8:8; Neh 9:3; 2Chr 34:18, + accusative of words Jer 36:8; Jer 36:10 object omitted Exod 24:7 (E) Jer 36:15 with acc of roll, book vJer 36:15 vJer 36:21; Jer 51:63; 2Kgs 22:10; 2Chr 34:24, of letter (סֵפֶר), writing 2Kgs 5:7; Isa 29:11; Isa 29:12; Jer 29:29, columns of manuscript Jer 36:23 with accusative of words Josh 8:34; Josh 8:35; Jer 36:6; Jer 51:61; 2Kgs 23:2 = 2Chr 34:30, compare Deut 31:11.
b. read, to oneself, in (ב) a roll, book, Deut 17:19; Neh 8:18, so of vision written on tablets Hab 2:2 with accusative of letter (סֵפֶר) 2Kgs 19:14 = Isa 37:14, book 2Kgs 22:8 absolute Isa 34:16.
c. read, for hear read, 2Kgs 22:16.

5. summon: usually
a. with ל person: Gen 12:18; Gen 20:8; Gen 20:9; Num 22:5; Num 22:20; Num 22:37; Judg 8:1; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Sam 3:8 (twice in verse) + often (c. 100 t.), + ל reflexive 1Kgs 1:28; 1Kgs 1:32, + אֶל location Exod 19:20, + אֶל person 2Sam 9:2, + infinitive purpose Josh 24:9; Judg 12:1; Judg 14:16; 1Sam 28:15, + מִן local Hos 11:1; Judg 4:6 + בִּשְׁמֶ֑ךָ Isa 45:4 summon by thy name; specifically summon = invite (especially to feast) Exod 34:15; Judg 14:15 ( + infinitive purpose) 1Sam 16:3 ( + בַּזָּבַ֑ח, read probably ׳לַזּ see HPS), v1Sam 16:5 ( + ׳לַזּ), 1Kgs 19:26 + (c. 17 t.).
b. with אֶל person Exod 10:24; Josh 4:4; Josh 10:24; 1Kgs 13:21 + (c. 20 t.); אֶל person + ל person (different persons in same relation) Exod 8:21; Jer 42:8 = call for (demand to see), with אֶל person 2Kgs 18:18 with ל of thing = demand, require Prov 18:6 compare Prov 27:16 (probably corrupt, see Toy).
c. with accusative of person Gen 41:8; Gen 41:14; Exod 2:7 ( + ל person), vExod 2:7; Amos 5:16 ( + אֶל of thing), Isa 13:3 (ל of thing), 1Sam 3:16; 1Sam 22:11 + (c. 33 t.), insert וַיַקְרָא in this sense also 2Sam 15:12 ᵐ5^L We Dr and most; + infinitive purpose Num 24:10, מִמִּוְרָח עַיִט ׳ק Isa 46:11 in weakened sense (to bring response, or bring person near) Song 5:6 specifically invite, 1Sam 9:24 (but corrupt, see especially HPS), 1Kgs 1:9 (also + ל, MT), v1Kgs 1:10; 1Kgs 12:20 (+ אֶל location), Deut 33:19 (accusative of location); אֲנִי קָרוּא לָהּ Esth 5:12, passive participle elsewhere plural, invited ones, guests 1Sam 9:13; 1Sam 9:22; 2Sam 15:11; 1Kgs 1:41; 1Kgs 1:49; Zeph 1:7; Prov 9:18 invite or summon (accusative of person) for help, succour, Hos 7:11 usually object ׳י (in poetry and late) Jer 29:12; 2Sam 22:4; 2Sam 22:7 = Ps 18:4; Ps 18:7; Isa 55:6; Lam 3:57; Job 27:10; Ps 50:15; Ps 86:5 + 8 t. Psalms, accusative ׳שֵׁם י Lam 3:55 accusative חכמה Prov 1:28.
d. absolute call, summon Amos 7:4 (+ ל of thing), Isa 22:12 (id.), 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; Zech 7:13 ׳י (God) Isa 52:2; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Job 13:22; Job 14:15, קְרוּאֵי הָעֵדָה Num 1:17 Qr (Kt קְרִיאֵי), Num 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי!)
e. call and commission, appoint, accusative of person, Isa 48:15; Isa 49:1, + בְּשֵׁם by name, specifically, Exod 31:2; Exod 35:30; Isa 43:1; Isa 45:3. feminine call and endow (with privilege) Isa 51:2; Isa 54:5; Isa 55:5.

6. call=name:
a. (early and most common usage), call one's name (שֵׁם) so and so, 2 accusative: of person Gen 3:20; Gen 4:25; Gen 4:26; Gen 5:2; Gen 5:3; Gen 5:29 + 34 t. Genesis; Exod 2:10; Exod 2:22; Hos 1:4; Hos 1:6; Hos 1:9; Isa 7:14; Isa 8:3; Isa 9:5 + 10 t. (Jer 46:17 read קִרְאוּ שֵׁם ᵐ5 Gie and others); of places, etc., Gen 4:17; Gen 11:9 + 17 t. Genesis; Judg 1:17; Judg 1:26; Judg 2:5; Judg 15:19; Judg 18:29 + 21 t.
b. with accusative of appellation ony, Ezek 39:11.
c. accusative of person or location + accusative appellative Hos 2:18; Deut 3:14; Jer 23:6; Isa 58:5; Num 32:41.
d. accusative of person + clause Ps 89:27.
e. = give name to, accusative appellation + ל person (location, or thing): (1) person Hos 2:18; Gen 35:18; 1Sam 4:21; Jer 3:19; Jer 30:17; Jer 33:16 + 9 t.; (2) location, or thing, Judg 18:12; 2Sam 2:16; 2Sam 5:9; 2Sam 6:8; Josh 22:34 (name lost, ᵑ6 Hebrew Manuscripts Ins. עֵד; compare Di Steuern), Gen 1:5 (twice in verse); Gen 1:8; Gen 2:19 (twice in verse); Exod 33:7 + 30 t. + Job 17:14 (ל + sentence including name). feminine with בְּשֵׁם + ל Isa 40:26, compare Isa 65:11 (שֵׁם אַחֵר), Ps 147:4 (שֵׁמוֺת), Ruth 4:17 (שֵׁם + לֵאמֹר), Gen 2:20; Gen 26:18 (twice in verse) (all with שֵׁם).
g. with ל of thing + עַלאשֵׁם 2Sam 18:16.
h. call by ב names the names (accusative) of cities Num 32:38 call to (ב) city, + appelll., + בִּשְׁמוֺ v 42.
i. call cities (accusative) בְּשֵׁם, i.e, specify them, Josh 21:9; 1Chr 6:50 (בְּשֵׁמוֺת). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִקְרָא Jer 4:20 +, 1 singular נִקְרֵאתִי Esth 4:11, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקָּרֵא Gen 2:23 +, וַיִּקָּרֵא Ezek 20:29 +, etc.; Participle נִקְרָא Isa 43:7; Jer 44:26 plural נִקְרָאִים Isa 48:1; Esth 6:1 —

1. reflexive, ׳מֵעִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ נִק Isa 48:2 from the holy city they call themselves.

2. passive be called:
a. be proclaimed (compare Qal 3), of ׳שֵׁם י Jer 44:26 (בְּפֶה instrumental); of man's name = be famous Ruth 4:14 = be announced Jer 4:20.
b. be read aloud compare Qal 4): impersonal with ב of book, + בְּאָוְנֵי Neh 13:1 subject records Esth 6:1 (לפְנֵי).
c. be summoned (compare Qal 5: Isa 31:4 (עַל against); Esth 3:12; Esth 4:11 (twice in verse); 8: 9; + בְּשֵׁם, i.e. specifically, Esth 2:14,
d. be named (compare

Qal 6.): (I) appell. subject + ל person Gen 2:23 to her shall be called 'woman', 1Sam 9:9; Isa 32:5; Isa 62:4; Isa 62:12; Prov 16:21 + ל location 2Sam 18:18; Isa 1:26; Isa 35:8; Jer 19:6. (2) ׳וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֺ ונו Deut 25:10, so Gen 35:10; Dan 10:1; Ezek 20:29 (of place); אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ Ezek 20:29. (3) ׳וגו ׳וְנִקְרְאָה יְרוּשׁ Zech 8:3, so land Deut 3:18, temple Isa 56:7. (4) especially עַל ׳נִקְרָא שֵׁם י, denoting ownership, of person Jer 15:16, people Deut 28:10; Jer 14:9; Amos 9:12; Isa 63:19; 2Chr 7:14, ark 2Sam 6:2 (strike out 2nd שֵׁם ᵐ5 We Dr and others), = 1Chr 13:6 (adding עָלָיו Oettli Kau; > Kit^Hpt שְׁמוֺ שָׁם), temple 1Kgs 8:43 = 2Chr 6:33; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:11; Jer 7:14; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:34; Jer 34:15, city Jer 25:29; Dan 9:18, city + people vDan 9:19 so name of man 2Sam 12:28, as given to his wife Isa 4:1 (5) be called עַל שֵׁם, i.e. reckoned to, Gen 48:6; Isa 54:5; Isa 61:6 עַלאשֵׁבֶט 1Chr 23:14, compare Ezra 2:61 = Neh 7:63. (6) be called בְּשֵׁם Isa 43:7; Isa 48:1. (7) ךְָָ זָ֑רַע ׳בְּיִצְתָק יִקּ Gen 21:12, i.e. in (through) ׳יִצ shall seed be reckoned to three; וְיִקָּרֵא בָהֶם שְׁמִי Gen 48:16 through them shall my name be called, i.e. perpetuated. (8) be named = menationed, of person Isa 14:20 (9) subject שֵׁם Eccl 6:10, i.e. thing is known. Pu`al (Ezekiel and Isa²) Perfect 3 masculine singular קֹרָא be called, subject appell. + ל person or of thing = be named, Isa 48:8; Ezek 10:13 (׳קוֺ); וְקֹרָא consecutive Isa 58:12; Isa 61:3; Isa 62:2 (שֵׁם חָדָשׁ); גּוֺי לאֹ קֹרָא בִּשְׁמִי Isa 65:1 (< קָרָא or קֹרֵא [Qal 2 c], Vrss Lo Ew Che Di and others); be called and privileged (compare Qal 5 f); Participle מְקרָאִי ׳יִש Isa 48:12.

BDB9869 H7123 H7121

[קְרָא] verb call, read out, aloud (see Biblical Hebrew I. קרא); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְרֵה Dan 5:7, 1 singular אֶקְרֵא vDan 5:17 3 masculine plural יִקְרוֺן vDan 5:15 Infinitive לְמִקְרֵא vDan 5:8 vDan 5:16 Participle active קָרֵא Dan 3:4 +; —

1. call, proclaim, בְּהַיִל: Dan 3:4; Dan 4:11; Dan 5:7

2. read out, aloud, accusative כְּתָבָא Dan 5:7; Dan 5:8; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 5:17 (ל person). Pe`îl (W^{CG 225}) Perfect 3 masculine singular קֱרִי Ezra 4:18; Ezra 4:23 it was read, קֳדָם person Hithpe`el be summoned, Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְקְרֵי Dan 5:12.

Strong's Definition H7121

called, call, cried, cry, read, …

qārāʾ

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

(Qal)

to call, cry, utter a loud sound

to call oneself

Variations 136 forms of this word

Translations 276 English renderings

Word Parts

לָ ֔ךְ

לָ

Preposition to, for

֔ךְ

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one woman)

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Sp2fs

Preposition

לָ	Speech Preposition
ךְ	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Second Person Gender Feminine Number Singular

In English

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

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Word Parts

רַכָּ֖ה

Root word tender, soft, fainthearted, one, tenderhearted, …

Dictionary form: רַךְ · rahk

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Aafsa

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

רַכָּה

Speech Adjective Type Adjective Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: tender

tender ×3 and tender ×2 a soft ×1 a tender one ×1 and a soft ×1 and fainthearted ×1 and tenderhearted ×1 are tender ×1

More options

tender — Closest modern equivalent; fits people, plants, and flesh.

soft — Better for textures or gentle speech; less emotive.

gentle — Suits temperament or manner; warmer, relational register.

delicate — Emphasizes fragility or vulnerability; good for physical contexts.

fainthearted — Specifically for timid or cowardly disposition in battle.

sensitive — Modern psychological nuance; suits emotional or relational contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7929 H7390

רַךְ adjective tender, delicate, soft; — ׳ר absolute Gen 18:7 +, construct Deut 20:8; 2Chr 13:7 feminine singular רַכָּה Deut 28:56 +; masculine plural רֵבִּים Gen 33:13 feminine plural absolute רַכּוֺת Gen 29:17; Job 40:27 —

1. tender of flesh Gen 18:7 (J; בֶּןבֶּֿקָר); tender, delicate, especially in body, of children Gen 33:13 (J), compare (implying weakness of undeveloped character) 2Sam 3:39, נַעַר וָרָ֑ךְ 1Chr 22:5; 1Chr 29:1, (וְיָתִיד) רֵךְ Prov 4:3 ('of tenderage,' Toy, q. v.); of man ( + עָנֹג; i.e. delicately nurtured) Deut 28:54, so of woman vDeut 28:56 ( + עֲנֻגָּה), so, figurative of Babylonian, Isa 47:1 ( + id.; רַךְ as substantive =tender (twing) Ezek 17:22 (in figurative); delicate, weak, of eyes Gen 29:17 (E).

2. רֵךְ (ה)לֵבָב weak of heart, timid, Deut 20:8 ( + יָרֵא), 2Chr 13:7 (נַעַד).

3. soft, of words, absolute רַכּוֺת Job 40:27 = substantive, mild, gentle words (|| תַּחֲנוּנִים); מַעֲנֶה רַךְ Prov 15:1 (opposed to דְּבַר עֶצֶב), לָשׁוֺן רַכָּה Prov 25:15.

Strong's Definition H7390

tender, soft, fainthearted, one, tenderhearted, …

rak

tender (literally or figuratively); by implication, weak

tender, soft, delicate, weak

tender, delicate (of flesh)

gentle words (subst)

Variations 10 forms of this word

Translations 13 English renderings

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Word Parts

וַ עֲנֻגָּֽה

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

עֲנֻגָּֽה

Root word delicate

Dictionary form: עָנֹג · aw-NOɡE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Aafsa

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

וַ	Speech Conjunction
עֲנֻגָּֽה	Speech Adjective Type Adjective Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and delicate

and delicate ×1 and delicate woman ×1 delicate ×1

More options

pampered — Implies overindulgence; good for negative or ironic contexts.

soft — Broad, informal; suits physical or moral tenderness.

luxurious — Emphasizes indulgent lifestyle rather than physical fragility.

delicate — Modernized KJV form; retain when frailty is the focus.

refined — Positive register; highlights cultured, gentle character.

sheltered — Suggests protected upbringing; useful in social contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6191 H6028

עָנֹג adjective dainty; — ׳הֶע Deut 28:54 man; הָעֲנֻגָּה vDeut 28:56 woman; Isa 47:1 (Babylonian personified); all || [ה]רכ.

Strong's Definition H6028

delicate

ʿānōg

luxurious

dainty, delicate

Variations 3 forms of this word

Translations 3 English renderings