BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635
BDB2099 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2101
יהוהc. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺהC518 (
Qr אֲדֹנָי), or
יֱהוִֺה305 (
Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations
אדני יהוה &
יהוה אדני (see
אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition
בַּיהוָֺה,
לַיהוָֺה,
מֵיהוָֺה (
Qr בַּאדֹנָי,
לַאדֹנָי,
מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form.
ᵐ5 and other
Vrss follow the
Qr. On the basis of
Exod 20:7;
Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a
nomen ineffabile (see Philo
de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jews
הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans
שׁימא. The pronunciation
Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare
Bö§ 88). The traditional
Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the
יָֿהוּ,
יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form
יָהּ all favour
יַהְוֶךְ (compare
יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see
LagSym i.14 BaudStudien i.179 ff.;
DrStud.Bib.i.1 ff. For
Jeve see
StaZAW 1881, 346 Deib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii. 2. on literature of interpretations see
NesEg.67 Drl.c. — Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of
היה (=
היה)
the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare
חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr
HSch;
giver of existence, creator,
Kue Tiele;
he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),
performer of his promises,
Lag,
NesEg.88 (but
NesEg.91 inclines to Qal as RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev see below); or from
היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning
RSOTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245, compare
WeSkizzen iii.175; '
Fäller,' destroying foes,
StaG.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of
הוה (=
היה);
the one who is: i.e.
the absolute and unchangeable one,
Ri; the
existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable,
Di; or
the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption,
De Oehl; compare also
RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876,
he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare
Ewinfr),
he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Drl.c.17)).
I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare EwBTh ii. 337, 338 RSl.c., Proph. 385 ff. Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc LagPsalt.Hieron.156); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich WeJD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI18. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b DlPa 158 ff. DrStud. Bib. i. 7 ff.
3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (
J);
יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (
E)
יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare
Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah);
יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as
׳הַר י,
צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see
הַר,
צָבָא, etc.
BDB2145 H1961
BDB2144 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2146
הָיָה3570 verb fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI1; SI6 היה, ib3 הית; parallel form of הוה, Arabic , Aramaic הֲוָא, ; see הָוָה above) — I. 1. a. Fall out, happen מֶההָֿיָה הַדָּבָר 1Sam 4:16 how has the matter fallen out, (gone, turned out) ? so
2Sam 1:4 מֶההָֿיָה לוֺ Exod 32:1;
Exod 32:23 (both
J E)
what has happened to him? compare
1Sam 10:12 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ 1Sam 6:9 a chance it is that has befallen us; also
וַיְהִילֿוֺ כֵּן 2Kgs 7:20 and so it happened to him, compare
וַיְהִיכֵֿן below
b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass: —
גְדוֺלָה הָֽיְתָה בָּעָם מַגֵּפָה 1Sam 4:17 a great slaughter has taken place among the people, compare
2Sam 17:9 וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּיַעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2Sam 18:6 and the battle took place in the wood of Ephraim (on
אפרים compare
Klo Dr);
Josh 22:17 (
P; of plague);
תְּהִי נָא אָלָה Gen 26:28 (
J)
let an oath take place (be taken) so
Judg 21:5 compare
2Kgs 17:7 (si vera lectio),
Ezek 16:34 especially late,
2Chr 29:36;
2Chr 32:31;
Eccl 1:9;
Eccl 1:10;
Eccl 3:22;
Eccl 8:7;
Eccl 10:14 etc.; often of fulfilment of prediction, command, expectation, etc.: —
כֵּן הָיָה Gen 41:3 (
E)
so it came to pass,
2Sam 13:25,
וַיְהִיכֵֿן Judg 6:38;
2Kgs 15:12;
Isa 29:5, & especially
וַיְהִיכֵֿן Gen 1:7;
Gen 1:9;
Gen 1:11;
Gen 1:15;
Gen 1:24;
Gen 1:30 (all
P) +;
יְהִי כִדְבָרֶ֑ךָ Gen 30:34 let it be as thou sayest,
Zech 6:15, see also
לֹא תָקוּם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה Isa 7:7 it shall not arise (be realized)
& shall not come about,
Isa 14:34 (so often
בּוֺא q. v.
2 c, p. 98 above)
2. especially & very often,
come about, come to pass followed by substantive (subject) clause almost always + modifying (usually temporal) clause or phrase:
a. ( I)
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.) followed by
(
a) Imperfect consecutive: a. with Infinitive with
כְּ temporal
Gen 12:14;
Gen 19:17 (both
J) + 75 t. +
Esth 3:4 Qr (Hexateuch chiefly
J, — so always Genesis, — &
J E;
P only
Exod 16:10,
D only
Deut 5:20;
Deut 31:24;
Josh 5:1;
Josh 9:1 27 t. in Kings), — somewhat different is
2Kgs 7:18 β. with Infinitive with
בְּ Gen 4:8;
Gen 11:2 (both
J) + 29 t. +
Esth 3:4 Kt (in Hexateuch 10 t.
J E; 3 t.
P,
Gen 19:29;
Exod 34:29;
Num 17:7 not in
D);
γ. with
בְּ followed by temporal noun (
יוֺם,
בֹּקֶר, etc.)
Gen 21:22 (
E)
Gen 26:32 (
J) + 45 t. (Hes 14 t.
J E; 3 t.
P,
Exod 6:28;
Exod 16:13;
Num 7:1 not
D);
δ.
לְ temporal
1Sam 1:20;
2Sam 13:23;
1Kgs 20:26;
1Chr 20:1 ε.
כְּ temporal
Gen 39:11;
1Sam 25:38 ζ.
מִן temporal namely:
מֵאָז Gen 39:5,
מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2 compare
1Sam 30:25,
מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4;
Judg 15:1,
מִקֵּץ Gen 4:3;
Gen 8:6 + 6 t.,
מִקְצֵה Josh 3:2;
2Kgs 8:3;
Ezek 3:16, especially
מִמָּחֳרָת Gen 19:34;
Exod 18:13 + 11 t.;
η.
כַּאֲשֶׁר temporal
Gen 12:11 (
J)
Gen 20:13 (
E) + 31 t. (Hexateuch 13 t.
J E,
Deut 2:16, not
P), characteristic of Nehemiah's memoris,
Neh 3:33;
Neh 4:1;
Neh 4:6;
Neh 4:9;
Neh 6:1;
Neh 6:16;
Neh 7:1;
Neh 13:19 θ. with
כִּי temporal
Gen 6:1 (
J)
Exod 3:21 (
E) + 14 t. +
Judg 16:25 Kt;
ι.
אַחֲרֵי temporal
Gen 22:20 (
J) + 13 t.,
אַחַר Gen 39:7;
Job 42:7,
אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן Judg 16:14 + 6 t.;
κ. followed by
עַד temporal
1Sam 14:19 (on which compare
Dr); compare
עַדכֹּֿה וְעַדכֹּֿה 1Kgs 18:45 λ. with combinations; as
בְּ with temporal noun +
בְּ Infinitive
Gen 34:25;
Exod 19:16;
1Sam 25:37 בְּ Infinitive +
כְּ Infinitive
Josh 3:14 double preposition
כְּמִשְּׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים Gen 38:24 מִקְצֵה +
אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר Josh 9:16 מִיָּמִים + id.
Josh 23:1 μ. other unusual constructions under this head are: those where temporal idea is expressed by a circumstantial clause
Isa 22:7;
1Kgs 13:20;
2Kgs 8:21 (
Dr§ 165, & Οβς.) =
2Chr 21:9 those with indefinite
כֹּל 1Sam 10:11;
2Sam 2:23;
2Sam 15:2, or with participle = rel. clause
1Sam 11:1 (on all see
Dr§ 78 n. &
Sm); quite unique is
1Kgs 16:31, with
הֲנָקֵל ׳לָכְתּוֺ וגוin place of temporal clause
(
b)
וַיְהִי sometimes followed by simple Perfect, with a negative
Gen 39:10 (with
כְּ Infinitive),
Exod 13:17 (with
בְּ Infinitive)
2Kgs 12:7;
2Kgs 17:25 (both with
בְּ temporal); & without negative,
Gen 8:13 (
P)
Gen 14:1 +, usually with
בְּ temporal (38 t.), Hexateuch chiefly
P; rarely with other preposition & adverb as above; note especially
מִדֵּי followed by Infinitive
1Sam 18:30;
2Chr 12:11 sometimes the subject of following Perfect precedes it with
וְ, as
Gen 22:1;
Gen 41:1;
1Sam 18:19;
1Sam 30:1;
2Kgs 2:9;
2Kgs 4:40 +; note especially
2Sam 17:27 where several subject & also several objects precede the Perfect (compare
Dr); in these cases temporal modifier is occasionally a circumstantial clause
2Sam 13:30;
1Kgs 8:10;
2Kgs 19:37 =
Isa 37:38 rarely subject precedes Perfect without
וְ 1Kgs 11:4;
1Kgs 21:1, compare subject preceding Participle without
וְ Neh 4:10 in
2Chr 8:1 the object (with
וְ) precedes what is apparently the principal verb
(
c)
וַיְהִי followed by
וְהִנֵּה Gen 24:15 (
J;
טֶרֶם in temporal clause),
Gen 29:25 (
E),
Gen 38:27 (
J, both
בְּ temporal) v
Gen 38:29 (
כְּ Participle),
1Sam 13:10 (
כְּ Infinitive); also
2Sam 1:2;
2Sam 13:36;
2Sam 15:32 (circumstantial clause)
2Kgs 2:11 (
id.),
2Kgs 3:20;
2Kgs 13:21 (circumstantial clause).
(
d) rarely
וַיְהִי (in this sense) followed by other constructions:
אָז יִתֵּן 1Kgs 9:10 (with
מִקְצֵה); Imperfect frequentative
1Kgs 14:28 (with
מִדֵּיבּֿאֹ),
2Kgs 4:8 (with
מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ)
Jer 36:23 (with
כְּ Infinitive); Perfect consecutive frequentative
2Chr 24:11 (with
בְּ temporal). (2) rarely also Perfect with
וְ conjunctive
וְהָיָה (compare
Dr§ 183) followed by Imperfect consecutive as subject clause:
1Sam 1:12 (c. several circumstantial clause),
1Sam 10:9 (with
כְּ Infinitive)
2Kgs 3:15 (
id.),
1Sam 17:48 (with
כִּי),
Jer 37:11 (with
בְּ Infinitive),
Amos 7:2 (with
אִם temporal); also
Jer 3:9 (apparently with
מִן causative, but obscure);
1Sam 13:22 (with
בְּ temporal) is followed by
וְלֹא & Perfect as well as Imperfect consecutive
b. less often
וְהָיָה Perfect consecutive
and it shall come to pass, or frequentative,
came to pass (repeatedly, etc.) usually
(
a) followed by simple Imperfect (c. 100 t.): a. with
בְּ temporal
Deut 21:16;
Deut 25:19 + 37 t., (especially
בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Hos 2:18;
Hos 2:33;
Isa 7:18;
Isa 7:21;
Isa 7:23 + 21 t.);
β. with
בְּ local
Ezek 47:23;
Zech 13:8 compare also
Hos 2:1 (
בִּמְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר, but perhaps =
instead of, compare
VB);
γ. with indefinite rel. clause, or its equivalents (
כֹּל indefinite, etc.), compare
Dr§ 121,
Obs. 1:
Gen 4:14;
Num 17:20;
Deut 12:11;
Deut 18:19;
Josh 7:14;
Josh 7:15;
Judg 7:4;
1Sam 2:36;
1Sam 17:25;
2Sam 15:35;
1Kgs 19:17;
1Kgs 20:6;
Isa 4:3;
Isa 24:18;
Nah 3:7;
Jer 27:8;
Jer 42:4;
Ezek 47:9;
Zech 14:17;
Joel 3:5 δ. with
כַּאֲשֶׁר Num 33:56;
Deut 28:63;
Josh 23:15;
Judg 7:17;
Isa 29:8;
Jer 31:28;
Zech 8:13 ε. less often with other modifying phrase:
כְּ Infinitive
Exod 33:8;
Exod 33:9 (both frequentative),
Josh 3:13;
Josh 8:8;
Jer 25:12;
Jer 51:63 בְּ Infinitive
Gen 9:14 (
P)
2Kgs 4:10;
Ezek 44:17 אִם of condition
Deut 20:11 (+ v
Deut 20:11 Dr§ 118 n.), also
Josh 22:18, where the arrangement is peculiar, & the condition is expressed without
אִם (compare
Dr§ 155);
לְ temporal
Deut 23:12 מִקֵּץ Isa 23:17 טֶרֶם Isa 65:24 מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23, etc.
(
b)
וְהָיָה followed by Perfect consecutive (c. 85 t.):
α. most often + clause with
כִּי temporal
Gen 12:12;
Gen 46:33 (both
J)
Exod 1:10 (
E)
Deut 11:29;
Isa 8:21 + 25 t.;
β. with
אִם Exod 4:8;
Exod 4:9;
Num 15:24;
Deut 11:13 + 14 t.; also
Gen 38:9;
Num 21:9 (both frequentative);
γ. with
בְּ temporal
Gen 30:41 (frequentative)
Gen 47:24 (but compare
Ol Di)
Exod 16:5 + 11 t.;
δ. with indefinite rel. clause or equivalent (
Dr§ 121 Obs. 1):
Gen 24:14;
Num 10:32 (
Dr§ 118 n.)
Num 21:18;
Deut 21:3;
Judg 11:31;
Judg 19:30;
Zech 14:16 ε. occasionally with other modifying phrase:
כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:40 +;
כְּ Infinitive
Gen 44:31 +;
בְּ Infinitive
Exod 33:22 +;
מִקֵּץ 2Sam 14:26 עֵקֶב causative
Deut 7:12 also
(
c) followed by
וְלֹא + simple Imperfect
Exod 3:21 (with
כִּי temporal).
(
d)
וְהָיָה followed by
Imperative (very rare)
Deut 6:10 (with
כִּי temporal),
1Sam 10:7 (with
כִּי), compare
1Sam 29:10, compare Perfect consecutive in command
1Sam 3:9 (with
אִם).
(
e)
וְהָיָה followed by simple Perfect (also very rare)
Deut 8:19 (with
אִם).
(
f)
וְהָיָה followed by clause without verb:
Gen 24:43;
Josh 2:19;
1Kgs 18:24 (all with indefinite rel. modifier, or equivalents, see
(
a)
γ,
(
b)
δ, above).
(
g)
וְהָיָה (
ו conjunctive) followed by Imperfect consecutive see
a. (
e) above
II. Come into being, become: —
1. a. absolute, in lively narrative,
arise, appear, come וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָהExod 12:80 (
J)
and there arose a great cry in Egypt;
וַיְהִיקֿוֺל Ezek 1:25 (strike out
Co compare
Da),
Ezek 37:7 (strike out
קוֺל ᵐ5 Co);
כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה Exod 8:11 (
J) Pharaoh saw
that respite had come;
Mic 7:4 now shall come their confusion (||
בוא); also of concrete objects
וְהָֽיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן Gen 9:16 (
P)
and the bow shall appear in the clouds (||
וְנִרְאֲתָה)
וְרִמָּה לֹא הָֽיְתָה בּוֺ Exod 16:24 (
P)
and worms did not appear in it; of condition or action begun & continuing, as: famine
Gen 12:10;
Gen 26:1 (twice in verse) (all
J),
Gen 41:54 (
E),
Ruth 1:1;
2Sam 21:1;
2Kgs 6:25 strife
Gen 13:7;
Gen 13:8 (
J),
Hab 1:3 (||
מָדוֺן יִשָּׂא); often of action of the elements, as the coming of hail
Exod 9:18;
Exod 9:24;
Exod 9:26 (all
J), thunder & lighting, etc.,
Exod 19:16 (
E), rain
1Kgs 18:45, storm
Jonah 1:4 especially of creative fiats
יְהִי אוֺר וַיְהִי אוֺר Gen 1:3 let light appear, and light appeared, compare v
Gen 1:5 v
Gen 1:8 v
Gen 1:13 v
Gen 1:19 v
Gen 1:23 v
Gen 1:31 (all
P); also
arise, come on the stage or
scene,
וְאַחֲרָיו הָיָה שַׁמְגַּר Judg 3:31 and after him arose Shamgar (=
וַיָּקָם Judg 10:1); further
וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה Gen 15:17 (
JE)
and darkness came on;
הַבֹּקֶר הָיָה Exod 10:13 (
J)
the morning came,
Exod 19:16 (
E);
וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם 1Sam 1:4 and the day came, when (see
Dr),
1Sam 14:1;
2Kgs 4:8;
2Kgs 4:11;
2Kgs 4:18;
Job 1:6;
Job 1:18;
Job 2:1.
b. followed by preposition:
בְּ,
וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ Gen 37:27 (
J)
but our hand, let it not come upon him, of hand of
׳יּ 1Sam 5:9;
1Sam 7:13;
1Sam 12:15 + (all in hostile sense);
בְּכָלשֲֶֿֿׁר יֶשׁלֿוֺ ׳וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת י Gen 39:5 (
J)
and the blessing of ׳י came into (on)
all that he had; but also of plague
Exod 12:13 (
P); followed by
עַל,
וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 7:10 (
J)
that the waters of the flood came upon the earth;
עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּ֑נָה Gen 42:36 (
E)
Gen 9:2 (
P)
fear shall come upon, compare
Gen 35:25 (
P)
2Chr 14:13;
2Chr 17:19;
2Chr 20:29 +; of wrath
Josh 22:20;
1Kgs 3:27 so of Saul's evil spirit from God
1Sam 16:16;
1Sam 16:23;
1Sam 19:9 (
אֶל); but followed by
עַל also in good sense
׳וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ י conferring strength & efficiency
Judg 3:10;
Judg 11:29 (
היה =
צלח Judg 14:6 + often), compare
Num 24:2 (
JE) of prophetic power; (on
׳וַתְּהִי לָיו יַד י 2Kgs 3:15;
Ezek 3:22 and the like, see
יָד);
יַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָֽיְתָה עָלֵינוּ Ezra 8:31, so
Ps 80:18 even
וַתְּהִי עַלרֿאֹשׁ דָּוִד 2Sam 12:30 and it (the crown,
עֲטֶרֶת)
came (i.e. was put, set)
on David's head; with a different meaning
וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַדפֶּֿתַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר 2Sam 11:23 and we were close
upon them even to the gateway (compare
We Dr);
come, go, follow (followed by
אַחֲרֵי) i.e. take the side of, adhere to,
Exod 23:2 (
JE)
1Sam 12:14;
2Sam 2:10;
1Kgs 12:20;
1Kgs 16:21 followed by
לְ of blessings
Gen 49:26 (poem); of judgement, punishment
Jer 40:3 especially
ויהי דבר֗֗֗ אֶל and the word of ... came unto: word of Samuel
1Sam 4:1 usually word of God (or
׳י)
Gen 15:1;
1Sam 15:10 +; constantly in prophets:
Hos 1:1;
Mic 1:1 etc.; especially Jeremiah & Ezekiel:
Jer 1:4;
Jer 1:11;
Jer 1:13;
Jer 2:1;
Jer 13:8 +;
Ezek 3:16;
Ezek 6:1;
Ezek 7:1;
Ezek 11:14;
Ezek 11:17;
Ezek 11:21;
Ezek 11:26;
Ezek 12:1;
Ezek 12:8 +; so also absolute
הָיָה הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה Isa 14:28 in the death-year of king Ahaz
came this utterance; also followed by
מִן;
מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ Gen 17:16 (
P),
וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ Gen 35:11 (
P),
וְהָיָה אַדִּירוֺ מִמֶּנּוּ Jer 30:21 (||
מִקִּרְבּוֺ יֵצֵא);
הַכֹּל הָיָה מִןהֶֿעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶל הֶעָפָר Eccl 3:20 all came from the dust, & all return unto the dust;
וַיְהִי קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל מֵאֵת צְבָאוֺת ׳י Zech 7:12.
2. become : a. followed by predicate noun (to be viewed as implicit accusative
Dr§ 161, 3 n., according to the Arabic usage
WAG ii, § 41. 44. 74):
הִוא הָֽיְתָה אֵם כָּלחָֿ֑י Gen 3:20 (
J)
it was she that became the mother of all living;
וַיְהִי הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צאֹן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָהGen 4:2 (
J)
and Abel became a shepherd of flocks, while Cain became a tiller of ground;
2Sam 8:14;
Mic 2:11 + often
b. followed by predicate adjective
Gen 38:7;
Exod 36:13 +; compare
Gen 37:20 let us see what his dream will become (turn out to be, signify);
c. become like (
כְּ),
וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Gen 3:5 and ye shall become like gods compare v
Gen 3:22,
Num 11:1 (
JE),
Hos 2:1;
Hos 7:11;
Isa 9:18;
1Kgs 7:8;
Zech 9:7 +; compare
Gen 15:5 so (כֹּה) shall thy seed become; specifically of likeness in punishment
Isa 1:9;
1Sam 17:36 +; also with
כְּ repeated
וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן Hos 4:9 and the people shall become like the priest (literally, and the like of the people shall become the like of the priest), so especially
Isa 24:2 (6 pairs of words as above);
וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע Gen 18:25 (
J), see
כְּ.
b +
c Gen 27:32 his hands had become like the hands of Esau his brother, hairy. d. followed by predicate +
לְ person
וּתְהִי אִשָּׁה לְבֶןאֲֿדֹנֶיךָ Gen 24:51 (
J)
and let her become wife to the son of thy lord,
1Sam 16:21;
1Kgs 11:25;
Ps 89:42;
1Chr 18:6 +; =
be instituted, estanblished,
וְהָיָה לָהֶםחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 30:21 (
P)
and it shall be established for them as a perpetual ordinance (compare
f below).
e. followed by
לְ predicate:
וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gen 2:7 (
J)
and the man became a living soul;
וְהָיָה לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁיםGen 2:10 (
J)
and it became four heads;
גַּםהֿוּא יִהְיֶהלְֿעָם Gen 48:19 (
J)
he too shall become a people;
וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 4:9 and become (shew yourselves to be)
men (||
הִתְחַזְּקוּ; compare with double
לְ,
f below);
Zeph 1:13;
Ezek 17:6;
Ezek 47:12;
Job 16:8 עלמֶלֶךְ עַלכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳וְהָיָה י Zech 14:9 וַיְהִי לְמַס עֹבֵד Gen 49:15;
Josh 16:10 so often; also in sense of
turn into, be changed so as to become,
וַיְהִי לְנָחָשׁExod 4:3 and it became a serpent, v
Exod 4:4;
Exod 7:10;
Isa 1:22;
Deut 26:5 +; figurative
וַיְהִי לְמָ֑יִם Josh 7:5 and it (their heart)
turned to water, so
וְהוּא הָיָה לְאֶבֶן 1Sam 25:37 or,
serve as וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֺרֹת Gen 1:15 (
P)
and they shall become (fulfil the function of, serve as)
luminaries, compare v
Gen 1:14 וְהָיָה לְאוֺת בְּרִית Gen 9:13;
Gen 17:11 (both
P).
feminine often with
לְ predicate +
לְ person:
וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָ֑בֶןGen 11:3 (
J)
and the bricks became (served as)
stone for them;
וַתְּהִי לִי לְאִשָּׁה Gen 20:12 (
E) compare
Gen 24:67 (
J) +,
וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה וְחָגְלָה ֗֗֗ לַבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִׁים Num 36:11 וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָה Num 6:21 (
P),
Exod 2:10;
Exod 15:2;
Judg 8:27 לִי לֵאלֹהִים ׳וְהָיָה י Gen 28:21 (
E);
אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לוֺ לְאָב וְהוּא יִהְיֶהלִֿי לְבֵן 1Chr 17:3 +; =
shew or prove oneself as הֱיֵהלִֿי לְבֶןחַֿיִל 1Sam 18:17 shew thyself for me a valiant man (compare
1Sam 4:9 e above); =
be instituted, established (compare
e above)
וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 29:28 and it shall be instituted for Aaron and his sons as a perpetual ordinance; compare v
Exod 29:9;
Lev 10:15 וְהָֽיְתָה לִהְיֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֺלָם לְדֹרֹתָם Exod 40:15 (all
P).
g. with
עַל and
לְ 1Sam 22:2 וַיְהִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְשָׂר and he became over them prince. h. sometimes with
לְ person only =
become the property of, come into the possession of ׳וַיְהִילֿוֺ צאֹןוּֿבָקָר וְגו Gen 12:15 (
J),
and he came to have flocks and herds etc.,
Gen 26:14;
Gen 30:43 לֹא לוֺ יִהְיֶה הַזָּ֑רַע Gen 38:9 not his should the seed become;
׳וְהָיָה לי Judg 11:31 it shall become Yah-weh's;
Deut 10:9;
Josh 13:29;
1Kgs 10:26;
1Kgs 11:3 + often; so of a woman, as wife
תְּהִינָֿא לְךָ Judg 15:2 pray let her become thine, compare also
וַתְּהִי אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֺן לְמֵרֵעֵהוּ Judg 14:20,
Hos 3:3;
Ruth 1:13;
Lev 21:3;
Deut 24:2;
Jer 3:1;
Ezek 16:8 (and also +
לְאִשָּׁה,
לְנָשִׁים see
f above)
III. Be (often with subordinate idea of becoming); —
1. exist, be in existence (i.e. originally
have come into existence),
כָּלהַֿיּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה 1Sam 1:28 all the days which he shall have been (lived, =
חַי Gen 5:5 etc.,
DrSm),
Job 3:16;
Isa 23:13 often with
בְּ local
וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ Gen 2:5 (
J)
and there was not yet in the earth any shrub of the field;
׳וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ וגו Num 26:64 (
P)
and among them there was not a man to be found, etc.; also
וְלֹא הָיָה כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא לְפָנָיו וְאַחֲרָיו Josh 10:14 (
JE)
& there hath not been a day like that before it nor since. compare
2Sam 14:25;
2Sam 1:5;
2Sam 21:25;
2Sam 23:25;
+; somewhat weaker, in the frequently introductory clause
וַיְהִי אִישׁ now there was a man Judg 13:2;
1Sam 1:1;
1Sam 9:1;
Num 9:6 (
P),
Job 1:1 +; on
אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:14 see
יהוֺה.
3. with word of locality,
be in or
at a place, be situated stand, lie;
בִּהְיוֺתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה Gen 4:8 (
J)
when they were in the field,
הַמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁרהָֿיָה שָׁם אָהֳלֹה בַּתְּחִלָּה Gen 13:3 (
J)
the place where his tent had stood at first;
וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם Gen 34:10 and the land, it lieth before you; compare
Josh 19:1;
Judg 7:1;
Judg 7:8;
Mic 5:6;
Mic 5:7 followed by
עַל be, be found or situated upon Isa 30:25 and there shall be upon every high mountain etc.,
streams, water-courses;
Ezek 37:27 and my dwelling-place shall be over them; figurative of guilt
דָּמִים וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ Deut 19:10 and blood (-guilt)
be upon thee. 4. as copula, joining subject & predicate: —
a. followed by predicate adjective
וַיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִּים Gen 2:25,
וְהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם Gen 3:1,
בִּהְיוֺתָם כֹּאֲבִים Gen 34:25,
וַיְהִי יוֺסֵף יְפֵהתֹֿאַר Gen 39:6;
Deut 23:15;
Josh 19:9;
Judg 11:1;
Job 1:1;
Job 1:3b
2Chr 7:21.
b. followed by predicate noun
Gen 1:2;
Gen 9:18;
Gen 25:3;
Gen 36:14;
Gen 40:13;
1Sam 17:34;
1Sam 17:42;
2Sam 8:10;
2Sam 20:25;
1Kgs 10:6;
2Kgs 3:4;
2Kgs 5:1 (twice in verse);
1Chr 9:20;
1Chr 11:20;
1Chr 18:10;
1Chr 26:10;
2Chr 13:7 כִּי לֹאהָֿיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Chr 18:32 (||
1Kgs 22:33 כִּילֹֿאמֶֿלֶךְ ישׂראל הוּא) +; often of age:
וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּןתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים Gen 17:1 (
P)
2Kgs 8:17;
2Kgs 14:2;
2Kgs 15:2;
2Kgs 15:33;
2Kgs 18:2;
2Chr 21:20;
2Chr 27:8 +; followed by predicate Infinitive absolute (very anomal.)
וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר Gen 8:5 =
amount to, come to, in enumeration of days of life number of people, amounts of money, etc.:
Gen 5:4;
Gen 5:5;
Gen 5:8;
Gen 5:11;
Gen 5:14;
Gen 9:29;
Gen 11:32;
Gen 23:1 +;
Exod 38:24;
Num 1:46, etc.
c. followed by adverb & adverbial phrase:
לֹאטֿוֺב הֱיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֺGen 2:18 (
J)
it is not good that the man be alone;
חָדַל לִהְיוֺת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַה כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 (
J).
d. followed by preposition:
(a) be with, accompany with
עִם, subject most often
׳י or
אלהים with added idea of protection, aid
Gen 26:3;
Gen 31:3;
Gen 39:10;
Gen 48:21;
Josh 1:3;
Josh 6:27;
Judg 1:19;
Judg 2:18;
1Sam 3:19;
1Sam 18:12;
1Sam 20:13;
1Kgs 1:37;
1Chr 11:13;
2Chr 17:3 followed by
עִמָּדִי Gen 28:20;
Gen 31:5;
Gen 35:3 followed by
עִם, human subject, of accompaniment
וְהָיָההַכֹּהֵןבֶּןאַֿהֲרֹן עִםהַֿלְוִיִּם Neh 10:39;
1Chr 11:12, read also in ||
2Sam 23:9 (
Th We Dr); =
be on the side of 1Kgs 1:8 with
עִם also =
be near הָיָה עִםגֹּֿרֶן האורנה ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16 (compare
Dr); also
2Sam 13:20 implying sexual intercourse, so
Gen 39:10 (perhaps gloss, compare
Di); peculiar uses with
עִם are:
וּדְבַראַֿבְנֵר הָיָה עִםזִֿקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Sam 3:17 and the speech of A. had been with the elders of Israel, compare
1Kgs 1:7 וַיְהִי עִםלְֿבַב דָּוִד אָבִּי לִבְנוֺת 1Kgs 8:17 and it was with (i.e. in)
the heart of David my father to build, =
2Chr 6:7 compare
1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse);
1Chr 22:7;
2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse);
2Chr 24:4 also
1Kgs 10:2 =
2Chr 9:1 (
b) be with, followed by
אֶת, subject
׳י,
אלהים,
Gen 21:20;
Gen 39:2;
Gen 39:21 but also with human subject
וּבָנָיוּ הָיוּ אֶתמִֿקְנֵהוּ Gen 34:5, compare
1Sam 29:8 +;
(
c) followed by
לְ of possessor
כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִידִדִי Isa 5:1 all vineyard had my beloved,
Gen 30:30 compare
Exod 20:3 =
Deut 5:7;
Judg 18:27;
1Sam 9:2;
1Kgs 5:6 + often (compare I.
2 d, f, h);
(
d) followed by
לְ + other preposition: of boundary
וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל מֵעֲרוֺעֵרJosh 13:16, compare
וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מִמַּחֲנַיִם v
Josh 13:30 וַוְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל לִפְאַת צָפנַָה מִיַּרְדֵּן Josh 18:12, etc.;
(
e) followed by
בְּ be among, or
of,
Amos 1:1 who was one
of the herdsmen,
1Kgs 2:7 let them be among those eating,
Prov 22:26;
Prov 23:20.
5. periphrastic conjug.:
a. היה + participle, of continuous state, or condition, sometimes, especially late (compare Late Hebrew), of habit, with
וַיְהִי also of beginning and continuance (compare
Dr§ 135, (5)): participle active
Gen 39:22 (
J),
Exod 3:1 (
E),
1Sam 2:11;
1Sam 7:10;
1Sam 18:9 (compare
Dr) v
1Sam 18:14 v
1Sam 18:29;
2Sam 8:15 =
1Chr 18:14.
Deut 28:29;
Isa 30:20;
1Kgs 5:1;
1Kgs 5:15;
1Kgs 5:24;
2Kgs 6:5;
2Kgs 9:14;
2Chr 9:26;
Ezra 4:4;
Neh 1:4;
Neh 2:13;
Dan 1:16 +;
Gen 1:6 (
P);
׳הָיָה יָרֵא אֶתיֿ 1Kgs 18:3;
2Kgs 4:1;
2Chr 26:1 passive participle
Josh 10:26;
1Kgs 13:24;
1Kgs 22:35 וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מָעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה (||
2Chr 18:34 הָיָה מַעֲמִיד),
Isa 2:2 =
Mic 4:1,
וְהָיָה סָגוּר Ezek 44:2,
נַעֲשֶׂה ׳ה Neh 5:18,
׳וְאָהוּב לֵאלֹהָיו ה Neh 13:26 — on
2Sam 13:32 compare
Dr.
b. followed by Infinitive with
לְ (
Dr§ 208, 204):
וְהָיָה לְבָעֵר Isa 5:5 and it shall be to burn (is to be, is destined to be burned) etc.;
לָבוֺא וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Gen 15:12 and the sun was about to set;
וַיְהִי הַשַּׁעַר לִסְגּוֺר Josh 2:5 and the gate was about to be shut; but also
וַיְהִי לִדְרשׁ אֱלֹהִים 2Chr 26:5 (nearly =
וַיְהִי + Participle)
Niph`al Perfect נִהְיָה 1Kgs 1:27 + 6 t. +
Mic 2:4 (compare below near the end); 3 feminine singular
נִהָיְתָה Judg 19:30 + 5 t.,
נִהְיָ֑תָה Exod 11:6;
Jer 48:19 וְנִהְיָ֑תָה consecutive
Ezek 39:8 +
Ezek 21:12 (strike out
B Manuscripts
ᵐ5 Co); 2 masculine singular
נִהְיֵיתָ Deut 27:9 1 singular
ךּנהִךְייךתי Dan 8:27 Participle feminine singular
נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 —
1. either, be done, be brought about, or
occur, come to pass: in the strong expressions
וְכָמֹהוּ לֹא תֹסִף אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹהוּ ׳לֹא נ Exod 11:6 (
J) a cry
such as hath not occurred (been raised),
and will not be again, compare
Deut 4:32 (
be done; ||
נִשְׁמַע), &
Judg 19:30 (||
נִרְאֲתָה); — but simply intransitive
Joel 2:2;
Dan 12:1 & apparently
Ezek 21:12 (||
בָּאָ֫ה; on text, however, see above)
Ezek 39:8 (||
id.); — also
אֵיכָה נִהְיְתָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת Judg 20:3 how hath this wickedness been done ? compare v
Judg 20:12;
Jer 5:30;
Jer 48:19 also
Neh 6:8 with
לֹא, existence denied
׳לֹא נ Zech 8:10 (||
אֵינֶ֑נָּה); in all the above (except
Joel 2:2;
Dan 12:1 &
Ezek 21:12;
Ezek 39:8) personal agency is clearly implied; it is expressed
׳מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶץ נ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה 1Kgs 1:27, so of divine agency (
מֵאִתִּי) 1 K i
1Kgs 12:24 =
2Chr 11:4 further
be attained, secured, of wages
Zech 8:10 (with
לֹא, ||
אֵינֶ֑נָּה);
תַּאֲוָּה נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 a desire come to pass, realized. 2. be done, finished, gone, only Daniel
וּשְׁנָתוֺ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dan 2:1 and his sleep was finished upon him, i.e. left him (compare Aramaic
Dan 6:19);
נִהְיֵיתִי Dan 8:27 I came to an end, was exhausted (si vera lectio, strike out
ᵐ5; ||
נֶחֱלֵיתִי);
נִהְיָה, in
וְנָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה Mic 2:4, is dubious;
it is done, over, the ruin is come
Rob-Ges Ew Hi Ca Che L
RVm;? < omit as dittograph
StaZAW 1886, 122 f. compare
JBL1890, 74.77.
BDB9470 H1934 H1961
BDB9469 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9471
הֲוָא, הֲוָּה71 verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —