BDB3937 H3587 H3588
BDB3936 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3938
כִּי noun [masculine] burning, branding (for form, compare רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Köii. 1. 64) — only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Isa 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.
BDB3995 H3588 H518
BDB3994 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3996
כִּי conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) — 1. that (
ὅτι, German
dass):
a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as
Gen 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw
that it was good,
Gen 3:6;
Gen 6:2;
Gen 6:5;
Gen 12:14 + often, hearing
Gen 14:14;
Gen 29:33, knowing
Gen 22:12;
Gen 24:14, telling
Gen 3:11;
Gen 12:18, repenting
Gen 6:6;
Gen 6:7, swearing
Gen 22:16;
Jer 22:5, believing
Exod 4:5;
Lam 4:12, remembering
Ps 78:35, forgetting
Job 39:15 אָמַר =
command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted)
Job 36:10;
Job 36:24 (
זְכֹר in a command)
Job 37:20 b
1Chr 21:18 (contrast
2Sam 24:18) etc.;
טוֺב כּי it is good
that ...
2Sam 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as
Gen 2:18 see ibid.);
Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit
that we should slay (imperfect)...?
Mal 3:14 what proft
כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...?
Job 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as
Ps 41:12 by
this I know that thou hast pleasure in me,
that my enemy cannot triumph over me,
Ps 42:5 these things will I remember...
that (
or how) I used to go, etc.,
Ps 56:10 this I know
that God is for me
Job 13:16 (
הוא). And with
כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause
2Sam 19:7;
Jer 26:15 +;
כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 3:6;
Gen 29:12;
Exod 4:31;
Josh 2:9;
Josh 8:21;
Josh 10:1;
1Sam 31:7;
2Sam 5:12;
1Kgs 11:21;
Jer 40:7;
Jer 40:11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 45:26;
Judg 10:10.
b. כִּי often introduces the
direct narration (like
,
, and the Greek
ὅτι recitativum, e.g.
Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas),
Gen 21:30;
Gen 29:33 and she said,
׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.;
Exod 3:12 =
Judg 6:16 and he said,
כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee,
Josh 2:24;
1Sam 2:16 (see
Dr)
1Sam 10:19 and ye have said to him,
כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us,
2Sam 11:23;
1Kgs 1:13;
1Kgs 20:5;
Ruth 1:10, compare
Ruth 2:21 (but in reply to a question
כִּי may =
because, see below
3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name,
Gen 26:22;
Gen 29:32 (but
De surely: see below),
Exod 2:10 (compare
Gen 4:25;
Gen 41:51;
Gen 41:52); in
כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation,
1Sam 29:8;
1Kgs 11:22;
2Kgs 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
c. especially after an oath
חַי אָ֫נִי,
׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to,
Gen 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh,
כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say)
that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed:
Num 14:22;
1Sam 20:3 as
׳י liveth,
כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death!
1Sam 26:16;
1Sam 29:6;
Isa 49:18 +;
1Sam 14:44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die!
2Sam 3:35;
1Kgs 2:23;
Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that
כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved:
Gen 1:39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (
אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי)
כִּי ׳חַי י 1Sam 25:34;
2Sam 2:27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (
לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ)
כִּי,
2Sam 3:9;
2Sam 15:21 Qr 1Kgs 1:30;
Jer 22:24.
d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
(
a) so especially in
אַף כִּי (see
אַף);
הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative)
2Sam 9:1, (expecting a negative answer)
Gen 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing?
Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise
Gen 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice?
2Sam 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply
הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the ||
1Chr 11:25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.;
אִםלֹֿא כִּי Deut 32:30 were it not
that .. .;
אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2 of a truth (is it)
that ye are the people, etc.;
אַךְ כִּי 1Sam 8:9 אֶפֶם כִּי Num 13:28 +;
גַּם כִּי Ruth 2:21 הֲלֹא כִי 1Sam 10:1 (but see
ᵐ5 Dr),
2Sam 13:28 הִנֵּה כִי Ps 128:4 compare
Ps 118:10 כִּי אֲמִיַלם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of
׳י (is it)
that — or (I say)
that — I will mow them down;
Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command,
וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it)
that it (so) makes high its nest?
Isa 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . .
וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (
Hi)
and (is it)
that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (
Ew§ 354 c De Di)
and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (
אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (||
2Kgs 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v
2Kgs 18:35;
2Chr 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original
וְכִי).
1Chr 29:14 וְכִי מִי read
ומי or
כי מי (
b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in
כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after
לוּלֵא)
indeed then . . .,
Gen 31:42;
Gen 43:10 for unless we had tarried
כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice,
Num 22:33 (read
לוּלֵי for
אוּלַי); so
1Sam 14:30 ᵐ5 (after
לוּא), and
1Sam 13:13 Hi We (
לֻא for
לֹא); after
אִם Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere
כִּי עַתָּה is simply
for now,
Gen 29:32;
Job 7:21 +; or
for then = for in that case,
Exod 9:15;
Num 22:29;
Job 3:13;
Job 6:3 +). It is dubious whether
כִּי אָז has the same sense: for
2Sam 2:27;
2Sam 19:7 the
כִּי in
כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the
כִּי recitation preceding (see
a, c).
Rare otherwise: Exod 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isa 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָמנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exod 18:11; Num 23:23; 1Sam 17:25; 1Sam 20:26; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 32:13; Isa 60:9; Jer 22:22; Jer 31:19; Hos 6:9; Hos 8:6; Hos 9:12; Hos 10:3; Amos 3:7; Ps 76:11; Ps 77:12 (Ew Che), Prov 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Eccl 4:16; Eccl 7:7; Eccl 7:20; Job 28:1 +; Lam 3:22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ruth 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. DeProv 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Gen 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1Sam 22:8; Isa 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vIsa 22:16; Isa 36:5; Isa 52:5; Mic 4:9; Hab 2:18 followed by participle Judg 14:3; 1Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2Kgs 5:7; Ezek 24:19 usually followed by imperfect Exod 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? Exod 16:7; Judg 8:6; Judg 9:28; 2Kgs 8:13; Isa 7:13; Isa 29:16 (also perfect), Ps 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7:12; Job 7:17; Job 10:5f.; Job 13:25f.; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 +; after a negative, Gen 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Ps 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isa 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2; Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew§ 337 a; Dr§ 39 δ).
g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת. 2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gen 6:1 (compare BuUrg. 6), Gen 26:8; Gen 27:1; 2Sam 6:13; 2Sam 7:1; 2Sam 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 17:48; Josh 22:7; Judg 2:18; Judg 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jer 44:19 (participle), Hos 11:1; Ps 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31:21; Job 31:26; Job 31:29 of present (usually with imperfect) as Exod 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1Sam 24:20; Isa 1:12; Isa 30:21; Jer 14:12; Zech 7:5; Zech 7:6; Mal 1:8; Ps 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Ps 102:1; Ps 127:5 +, with perfect Ezek 3:19-21; Ezek 33:9; Prov 11:15; Prov 23:22 especially of future, as Gen 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., Gen 24:41; Gen 30:33; Gen 31:49; Gen 32:18; Exod 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deut 4:25; Deut 6:20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וג) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Lev 25:20; Deut 18:21; Isa 8:19; Isa 36:7; Jer 13:22 and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33; Deut 6:10; Deut 15:16; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 25:30; Isa 8:21; Isa 10:12 + often; with perfect Isa 16:12; 1Chr 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2Sam 7:12); with participle (unusual) Num 33:51; Num 34:2; Deut 11:31; Deut 18:9.
b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) Gen 38:16; Num 5:20; Num 10:32; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:17; Deut 28:2; Deut 28:13; 1Sam 20:13; 2Sam 19:8; 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 18:22; Jer 38:15; Prov 4:8; Job 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19:28 often in laws, as Exod 21:14; Exod 21:33; Exod 21:35; Exod 21:37; Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 etc., Deut 13:13; Deut 14:24; Deut 15:7; Deut 15:12; Deut 17:2; Deut 18:6; Deut 18:21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Exod 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which vExod 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so Exod 21:7 (כי), vExod 21:8-11 (אם); vExod 21:18 (כי), vExod 21:19 (אם); vExod 21:20 (כי), vExod 21:21 (אם); vExod 21:22 f; vExod 21:28-32; Lev 1:2 (כי), vLev 1:3 vLev 1:10 (אם) Lev 4:2; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:32; Lev 13:2ff. Num 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exod 21:5 with Deut 15:16; Num 5:19 and vNum 5:20. — 3. Because, since ὅτι —
a. Gen 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v
Gen 3:17;
Gen 18:20;
Gen 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah —
because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare
2 2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the
same clause —
a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb
Gen 32:27 I will not let thee go;
כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally
but (
כִּי 3 e)
if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go,
except thou bless me;'
Lev 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things
כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh,
Isa 65:6;
Amos 3:7;
Ruth 3:18;
Lam 5:21f. (
Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc.,
unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (=
Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc.
Ew Öttli); followed by a noun,
except, but,
Gen 28:17 this is nothing
׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God,
Gen 32:9 he withholds from me nothing
כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee,
Lev 21:2;
Num 14:30 (after
אִם),
Num 26:65 (compare
Num 32:12 בִּלְתִּי),
Josh 14:4;
1Sam 30:17;
1Sam 30:22;
2Sam 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so
2Kgs 4:2),
2Kgs 19:29;
1Kgs 17:1 (after
אִם),
1Kgs 22:31;
2Kgs 5:15;
2Kgs 9:35;
2Kgs 13:7;
Jer 22:17;
Jer 44:14 +; after
אַל,
2Chr 23:6 followed by an adverb clause,
Gen 42:15;
Num 35:33;
2Sam 3:13 (but
כִּי אִם and
לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with
ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative
Isa 42:19 who is blind
כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?),
Deut 10:12;
Mic 6:8;
Eccl 5:10;
2Chr 2:5.
b. the
if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare
אִם 1 c),
so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gen 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1Kgs 8:19), 1Kgs 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1Kgs 17:15), 1Kgs 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exod 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deut 7:5; Deut 12:5; Deut 16:6; Josh 23:8; 1Sam 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1Sam 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 12:12), 1Sam 21:5; 2Sam 5:6; 1Kgs 18:18; 2Kgs 10:23 (פֶּן), Isa 33:21; Isa 55:10; Isa 55:11; Isa 59:2; Jer 3:10; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:23; Jer 16:15; Jer 20:3; Jer 44:10; Ps 1:2; Ps 1:4; Prov 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gen 15:4; 1Kgs 8:19), Lev 21:14; Ezek 44:22; Num 10:30; 2Kgs 23:23; Jer 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1Sam 26:10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2Sam 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Isa 65:18; Ezek 12:23; Jer 39:12; 2Chr 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Gen 40:14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Num 24:22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2Kgs 5:20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2Sam 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Judg 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1Sam 21:6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1Kgs 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Prov 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8.
BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651
BDB3995 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3997
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew§ 353 a ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.
BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588
BDB6198 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6200
עַתָּ֫ה435 (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Köii. 260), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now: 1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and
now, behold thy wife,
Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so
Exod 18:11;
Judg 17:13;
1Kgs 17:24 [
עַתָּה זֶה],
Ps 20:7),
Gen 26:22;
Gen 26:29;
Gen 27:36;
Gen 31:13;
Gen 31:28, etc.,
Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as
Gen 32:11;
Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה,
Judg 11:8;
1Kgs 12:4;
Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים,
Isa 16:14;
Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה,
Hos 13:2,
Job 30:1 +, or to future, as
Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה,
Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ,
1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; =
after all Num 22:38;
Judg 8:2 =
now at last 2Sam 24:16;
1Kgs 19:4;
2Kgs 19:25;
Hos 7:2;
Jer 4:12 and in the phrase
מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6;
Isa 59:21;
(see below),
Ps 113:2;
Ps 115:18;
Ps 121:8;
Ps 125:2;
Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future:
Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם.
Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, v
Gen 29:34;
Exod 6:1 עתה תראה,
Num 11:23;
Num 22:4;
2Sam 20:6;
Isa 33:10 (
Ps 12:6),
Isa 43:19;
Isa 49:19;
Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ,
Isa 49:19;
Mic 7:4;
Mic 7:10;
Dan 10:20 and especially
ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment,
Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7;
Hos 8:8;
Hos 8:13 (
Jer 14:10),
Jer 10:2.
c. of a time
ideally present (=
then, from our point of view):
Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v
b Hos 10:3;
Mic 4:9;
Mic 4:10;
Mic 4:11;
Mic 4:14;
Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state =
as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc.,
עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך,
1Sam 9:6;
1Sam 13:12;
1Sam 14:30;
1Sam 25:7b;
1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc.,
2Kgs 18:20;
2Kgs 18:25;
Job 6:21;
Job 14:16;
Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed,
Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא,
Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי,
Num 22:11;
Deut 2:13;
1Sam 30:8.
2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (
זְה 4 h)
1Kgs 17:24;
2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and,
now, or
now, therefore (
וְ 4),
drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr§ 141, 142); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.
BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588
BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203
יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): — 1. as
preposition, rarely with a substantive,
Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם,
Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, v
Hag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle
Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probably
אָמְרָם,
Co Toy
Berthol); frequently with infinitive with,
1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself,
Amos 5:11;
Isa 30:12;
Isa 37:29 (=
2Kgs 19:28)
יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי,
Jer 5:14;
Jer 7:13;
Jer 23:38;
Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as
Jer 5:7 (read
יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם),
Jer 13:8;
Jer 13:22;
Jer 25:3;
Jer 25:6;
Jer 25:8;
Jer 25:12.
2. As
conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as
Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this,
Deut 1:36 (
Josh 14:14),
Judg 2:20;
1Sam 30:22;
1Kgs 3:11;
1Kgs 8:18;
Jer 19:4;
Jer 25:8;
Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense)
Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי,
Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ,
1Kgs 13:21;
1Kgs 21:29;
Isa 3:16;
Isa 7:5;
Isa 8:6;
Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect
Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי,
1Sam 15:23;
1Kgs 14:13;
1Kgs 20:42;
2Kgs 22:19;
Hos 8:1;
Isa 61:1;
Isa 65:12;
Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently)
Ezek 34:21 of the future
Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but
ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis,
Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ,
Ezek 20:16;
Ezek 20:24;
Ezek 36:6, compare
Ezek 34:21.
3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d.
because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps,
Lev 26:43 (
H)
יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ,
Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive,
Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning
יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)
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BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641
II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); — 2. without a negative:
however, but Ezra 5:12.