Jeremiah 49:38

וְ שַׂמְתִּ֥י

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שַׂמְתִּ֥י

Root word put, set, make, made, laid, …

Dictionary form: שׂוּם · soom

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), first person singular simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: and i will set

and put ×43 set ×31 put ×21 and set ×12 and he put ×11 and i will make ×8 and laid ×8 and made ×8

More options

place — Best default; concrete positioning of objects or people.

set — Slightly more formal; good for official or solemn contexts.

put — Everyday, neutral; modernizes the most common KJV rendering.

make — Prefer when the result is a transformation or appointment.

appoint — Best for roles, offices, or formal designations.

lay — Use for foundations, burdens, or things placed flat.

BDB8185 H7760 H5493 H7787

I. שׂוּם, שִׂים :582 verb put, place, set (compare Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532}; Late Hebrew סוּס Pi`el designate, fix, שׂום Eccl 49:6 Phoenician שם, Assyrian šâmu. fix, determine; Sabean שׂים set, set up, SabDenkm^{No. 7, 1. 6} CIS^{iv. 1}; Arabic () is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic : put, place; ᵑ7 שׂוּם, Syriac Old Aramaic שים); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׂם Gen 21:14 + (2Chr 1:5 read שָׁם ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Gi Be Kau Benz), suffix שָׂמוֺ Ezek 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Ezek 7:20 3 feminine singular שָׂ֫מָה 1Sam 19:13, suffix שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ezek 19:5; Ezek 24:7 2 masculine singular שַׂמְתָּ Jer 32:20 +; 3 plural שָׂמוּ Gen 40:15 +; 1 plural שַׂמְנוּ Isa 28:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשׂוּם Exod 4:11, יָשִׂים Gen 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Job 23:6 jussive יָשֵׂם 1Sam 22:15 +; וַיָּשֶׂם Gen 2:8 +; suffix יְשִׂמֵנִי 2Sam 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ 1Kgs 10:9 2 feminine singular וַתָּשִׂימִי Isa 51:23 וָאָשִׂים 1Sam 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂימָה Ezra 8:17; Judg 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 masculine plural תָּשִׂימוּ Gen 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Exod 22:24 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שִׂים Gen 24:2 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שׂוֺם Deut 17:15 +, construct שׂוּם Deut 45:7 +, שִׂים Job 20:4 + 2Sam 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Isa 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֺ), etc.; Participle שָׂם Amos 7:8 +, feminine singular הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Isa 51:10 (so read for ᵑ0 הַשָּׂ֫מָה); plural שָׂמִים Mal 2:2 +; pass. שִׂים Num 24:21 (compare Di), Obad 1:4 feminine according to most שׂוּמָה 2Sam 13:22 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but see below; שִׂימָ֫ה Ps 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imperative masculine singular; — put, set (often || נָתַן 2, q. v.), with accusative of person or of thing (expressed or implied):

1. a. put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Gen 2:8 (J), + accusative of location Gen 28:11 (E) + 5 t.+, with 2 accusative + location, 2Kgs 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (accusative of location), compare Lev 24:6 (עַל); + ב Lev 40:15 (E), figurative of ׳י, put his name, ׳בִּירוּשׁ 2Kgs 21:47 = 2Chr 33:7, compare with שָׁם 1Kgs 9:3; Deut 12:5 + 6 t.; especially ב of receptacle Gen 31:34 (E), Exod 2:3 (E), Judg 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Gen 37:34 (J), 1Kgs 20:31, crown on head Zech 6:11; Esth 1:17, shoes on feet Ezek 24:17 hook, etc., in nose 1Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29; Job 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Deut 33:10, i.e. cause thee (׳י) to smell it; feet in stocks (figurative) Job 13:27; Job 33:11 knife into throat Prov 23:2 (figurative of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Exod 4:15 (J), Num 22:38 (E) + 8 t., + Deut 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Job 22:22, insert also 1Sam 29:10 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God Ps 78:7 (guilt of) blood into house Deut 22:8, compare Judg 9:24 (עַל person; so, with נָתַן Deut 21:8; Jer 26:15; Jonah 1:14); something into hand Exod 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Judg 4:21, booty 1Kgs 20:6, so (figurative) take one's life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one's palm (i.e. risk it) Judg 12:3; 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 28:21; Job 13:14 put eyes בַּפּוּךְ 2Kgs 9:30 (see פּוּךְ, compare Isa 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ ( = person), בַּחַיִּים Ps 66:9 (subject ׳י); set men at (the use of) implements 2Sam 12:31 (probably, compare Dr HPS; > ( ם) וַיָּשַׂ sawed them with, as || 1Chr 20:3, Th We); 1Kgs 2:5 (|| נתן) is dubious; ᵐ5^L Klo Kit read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב person; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to) 1Sam 22:15; Job 4:18 so, with ל person Deut 22:14, compare (ל omitted) vDeut 22:17 put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7:8; Isa 63:11, בְּתוֺךְ Ezek 26:12.
b. put something upon (עַל) Num 21:8; Num 21:9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person Gen 24:17 (J), Gen 41:42 (E), Lev 8:8 (P), Ruth 3:3, turban Zech 3:5 (twice in verse); Exod 29:5 (P), Lev 8:9 (P), compare (preposition omitted) Job 24:15; Job 36:13 (figurative), girdle Jer 13:1; Jer 13:2, sackcloth 1Kgs 21:27 אָדָם עַלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳שׂ Job 20:4 (of man's creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Mic 4:14; Ezek 23:24 put, lay, upon (עַל), 2Kgs 4:29 +; hand Gen 48:18 (J) + 3 t., + upon mouth, in silence Judg 18:19; Job 21:5, and awe Mic 7:16, so with ל Job 29:9, לְמוֺ Job 40:4; Job 40:40, upon (עַל) head 2Sam 13:19 (in despair, compare Jer 2:37); accusative of disease Exod 15:26 (J), so (ב person) vExod 15:26; Deut 7:16 figurative, spirit (עַל) Num 11:17 (JE), name Num 6:27 (P), duty Job 37:15 (?), reproach 1Sam 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת מוֺדָה Ps 109:5 (ᵑ6 Bae וַיָּשִׁיבוּ so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); עַל לֵב ׳שׂ Song 8:6 (simile), so, figurative, = remember, treasure up, Isa 42:25; Isa 47:7 (|| זָכַר), + 6 t., with אֶל 2Sam 13:33; 2Sam 19:20 (|| id.); with ב 1Sam 21:13 compare בְּאָזְנֵי ׳שׂ Exod 17:14 (E), impress upon.
c. put, lay, set, with ל, 2Kgs 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = 2Chr 23:15 put end to Job 18:2; Job 28:3 set לְמָרוֺם Job 5:11 render glory to Josh 7:19 (J E; || נָתַן), Isa 42:12 make covenant with 2Sam 23:5 set food for Gen 43:32 (J), 2Sam 12:20, preposition omitted Gen 43:31 (J), so, with לִפְנֵי 1Sam 9:24; 1Sam 28:22; 2Kgs 6:22 לִפְנֵי ׳שׂ elsewhere Judg 18:21, of precedence Gen 48:20b (E) : set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1 (both E), Deut 4:44 God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Ps 54:5; Ps 86:14 נֶגֶד ׳שׂ also Gen 31:37 (E), נֹכַח Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 לְעֵינֵי Gen 30:41 (J).
d. put, with בֵּין Josh 24:7 (E) + 5:t. (Exod 8:19 see פְּדוּת p. 804), + Gen 30:36 (J), Gen 32:17 (E), put space between; with תַּחַת Exod 17:12 (E), + 3 t. (Obad 1:7 strike out לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now and others) + יָד תַּחַת יָרִךְ ׳שׂ in oath Gen 24:2; Gen 24:9; Gen 47:29 (all J); put, with אֶל location 1Sam 6:11; 1Sam 6:15; 1Sam 19:13 a Hab 2:15, אֶל person Job 5:8 commit unto; with אֵצֶל of thing Lev 6:3 (P), מִצַּד of thing Deut 31:26 (P); עִמְּךָ ׳שׂ 1Sam 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, with יַחַד Mic 2:12 put together = collect (|| אָסַף קִבֵּץ); without modifier 1Kgs 18:23 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:25; Ezek 30:21 apply bandage (|| נָתַן).

2. set, direct:
a. sword against (ב) Judg 7:22 figurative extend compassion, ל person Isa 47:6.
b. direct לֵב (mind) toward, pay attention to, with ל 1Sam 9:20; Deut 32:46; Ezek 40:4; Ezek 44:5b; with אֶל Exod 9:21 (J), 1Sam 25:25; 2Sam 18:3 (twice in verse); Job 2:3; Job 34:14 (Bu Du strike out לֵב and read רוּחוֺ יָשִׁיב); with עַל Hag 1:5; Hag 1:7; Job 1:8 compl. omitted Ezek 44:5a Hag 2:15; Hag 2:18 (twice in verse); Isa 41:22; Judg 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ), see especially GFM^Heb. Hpt.; לֵב omitted, Isa 41:20 ( + רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), with ב person Job 23:6 (so Bu, who compares Job 4:20; Job 24:12; Job 34:23, but all cases dubious); שִׂים לֵב, with עַל = intend Dan 1:8 (object clause).
c. set face (פָּנִים) toward (accusative of location) Gen 31:21 (E), + לָבוֺא Jer 42:15 (twice in verse); Jer 42:17; Jer 44:12, compare 2Kgs 12:18; Dan 11:17 with אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ezek 6:2 + 5 t. Ezekiel, with עַל Ezek 29:2; Ezek 35:2, with דֶּרֶךְ of direction Ezek 21:2 with ב (figurative of oppos., subject ׳י): הִנְנְי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Jer 44:11, compare Jer 21:10; Ezek 15:7 (|| נתן), Lev 20:5 (P); with ל of thing (human subject) Dan 11:18 Qr ( < Kt ישׁב); with עַל person + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose 1Kgs 2:15 set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, with עַל person = behold Gen 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of Jer 39:12; Jer 40:4, לְטוֺבָה Jer 24:6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9:4.

3. a. set, ordain, with accusative of thing Num 24:23 ( > accusative of person Di).
b. set, establish a law, statute, + ל person Exod 15:25; Josh 24:25 (both E), compare Prov 8:29 + ב location Isa 42:4; Ps 78:5 (|| הֵקִים), also Ps 81:6; Jer 33:25 + 2Sam 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי ᵐ5 Ew We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr); establish something as (ל) law Gen 47:26 (J), 1Sam 30:25 ( + ל person); establish bazaars (as a right), ב location, 1Kgs 20:34 appoint a set time Exod 9:5 (J), Job 34:23 (reading מוֺעֵד for עוֺד GHBWr Bu), insert (perhaps) 1Sam 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS ( > insert אמר Th We Bu Kit, after ᵐ5 Tagrum); a place, + ל person Exod 21:13; 2Sam 7:10 = 1Chr 17:9, ל of thing 1Kgs 8:21 ( + שָׁם).
c. set, found a nation, Isa 44:7 (several.), establish it Ps 89:30 (לָעַד).
d. set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל person or of a people, Exod 1:11; Exod 5:14; Exod 18:21 (all E), Deut 17:14; Deut 17:15 (3 t. in verse); Judg 11:11 ( + ל of office), 2Sam 17:25 ( + תַּחַת instead of) + 6 t. + Gen 47:6 (J; second accusative = ruler, expressed), 2Sam 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in || 1Chr 11:25 also 2 accusative + ל and ב location Ps 105:21 ב location 2Sam 15:4; 2Chr 33:14, בְּראֹשׁ at the head of, Deut 1:13, 2 accusative alone Song 1:6 with accusative of person + ל person Gen 27:37 (E), Hos 2:2; 1Sam 8:5 ( + infinitive); + of title Gen 45:8; Gen 45:9; Exod 2:14 ( + עַל; all E) + 4 t. + Judg 8:33 ( + ל person), + Ezek 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Hab 1:12 + ב of position, ל person 1Sam 8:11 with accusative of office alone 1Sam 8:12 ( + ל person), so Co Ezek 21:27 a (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, see בַּר below כרר), 1Kgs 20:24 ( + תחת), compare 2Chr 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Num 4:19 (P); Job 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.
e. set, constitute, make, with כ person or thing, Gen 13:16 (J) I will make thy seed the dust, Gen 32:13 (J) Gen 48:20 (E), Deut 10:22; Hos 11:8 + 16 t. + (bad sense) Hos 2:5; Nah 3:6; 1Kgs 19:2. feminine set, determine, fix, bounds Jer 5:22 (2 accusative) Job 38:5; Job 38:33; Ps 104:9 passive determined, settled, + עַלפֶּֿה 2Sam 13:32 (but see II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹךְ Exod 8:8 (J), with accusative of person + עַל against 2Kgs 18:14.

4. a. set, station, at a post, etc., accusative of person Josh 8:13 (JE), + ב location 2Kgs 10:24; Jer 9:7 + 5 t., + adverb accusative Gen 33:2 (J), + בֵּין location Josh 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי location vJosh 8:2 (both J E), + ל against Judg 9:25 ( + עַל location), + אֶל against Judg 20:29; Judg 20:36 doubtful are 1Sam 15:2 (with ל person), 1Kgs 20:12 (twice in verse) (עַלהָֿעִיר), where no object expressed (in MT); either an object has fallen out, or verb (in techn. Military sense), here intransitive or inwardly transitive (Dl^{ZK ii. 397} forward ! take direction toward; compare also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else ׳שׂ is corrupt (compare HPS^sm)
b. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, with accusative 1Sam 21:7; Ezek 21:27; Num 4:6; Num 4:8; Num 4:11; Num 4:14 + 4 t. P, Job 38:10 + עַל Exod 32:27 (E), Exod 40:20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Jer 43:10, מֵעַל Esth 3:1 + (various modifiers) 8 t.; set in place, תֵּבֵל Job 34:13 (De and others), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du לִבּוֺ בְּתֵבֵל ׳שׂ.
c. set up altars 1Kgs 2:19; Jer 11:13, stone as memorial Gen 18:18 (J), Gen 28:22 (E), 1Sam 7:12 (compare הֵקִים Gen 31:45 + ), image, etc. Judg 18:31 (|| הֵקִים), Deut 27:15; 1Kgs 12:29 (ב location, || נָתַן), 2Kgs 21:7 (ב location) = 2Chr 33:7, compare Ps 74:4; Isa 57:8 and, + ב location, Jer 7:30; Jer 32:34 rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Gen 30:41 (|| וַיַּצֵּג vGen 30:38), compare vGen 30:42, guide-posts Jer 31:21, bed 2Kgs 4:10 ( + ל person).
d. = plant, wheat Isa 28:25, tree Isa 41:19 (ב location; || נָתַן), slip Ezek 17:5 (עַל by).
e. set, fix (countenance) 2Kgs 8:11, so usually, but accusative omitted, and sense dubious; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, compare e.g. 1Kgs 9:8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.

5. a. make a thing, or person (accusative), for, transform into (ל), Josh 6:18 (J) make camp לְחֵרֶם, Mic 1:6 make Samaria לְעִיִ, Gen 21:13; Gen 21:18 (E), Exod 14:21 (JE), Mic 4:7 (both good sense), Isa 28:17; Isa 42:15; Isa 42:16 + 12 t. Isaiah (Isa 25:2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss. Comm.), Jer 2:7 + 8 t. Jeremiah, + 14 t. + Judg 1:28 they made the Canaanites into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Ps 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב omitted); Schr Hup-Now read ׳וְיִשְׁמֹר ד); with 2 accusative Josh 8:28 (J), 1Sam 11:11; Mic 1:7; 1Kgs 5:23 (praegn. with עַד location), + 29 t.
b. make, constitute, 2 accusative, 1Sam 8:1; 1Sam 18:13 ( + ל person) 1Sam 22:7 (לְבֻלְּכֶם, ל of accusative; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Isa 3:7; Isa 60:17 + 6 t., + 1Sam 11:11 form people in bands, compare Job 1:17 (one accusative, form bands), + (accusative of person omitted) Exod 4:11b (J), compare (beast, in figure) Ezek 19:5 2 accusative and accusative + ל in same ver., Isa 54:12 I will make rubies thy prinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phrase of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֺ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Kgs 17:34, compare Judg 8:31; Neh 9:7 with ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֺת Dan 1:7, לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר ׳וַיּ vDan 1:7 make, fashion, with accusative of thing + ל person Exod 4:11a (J; ׳י subject); grave Nah 1:14 (but on text and meaning see Now Bi^{SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. V}); with accusative דֶּרֶךְ Isa 43:19 (ב location), compare Ezek 21:24; Ezek 21:25 ( + ל infinitive); Ps 50:23 is dubious, usually order (one's) way, De Dr prepare way (which), et., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל person 2Sam 7:23 = 1Chr 17:21; 2Sam 14:7 make for, ל person (or give to), with accusative of posterity Gen 45:7 (E); 1Sam 2:20 read probably יַשַׁלֵּם ᵐ5 We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr; Ezra 10:44b is obscure, Gu-Batten strike out וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ before נָשִׁים, compare 3 Esdr 9:36 BeRy Ryle.
c. work, bring to pass, with accusative of thing, of ׳י's signs, etc., + ב location Exod 10:2 (J), Jer 32:20; Isa 66:19; Ps 46:9; Ps 78:43; Ps 105:27.
d. appoint, give, accusative of thing Num 6:26 (P), Isa 61:3 (|| נָתַן; both with ל person); a pledge Job 17:3 (|| עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as object); וַשׂוֺם שֵׂכֶל Neh 8:8 giving understanding (making sense clear). Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular consecutive וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezek 14:8, accusative of person + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וַהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imperative feminine singular הָשׂימִי Ezek 21:21, probably del as dittograph Co Krae after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1888), 530} ( > Bö Toy and others הִקְדִּימוּ); Participle מֵשִׂים Job 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (Job 4:23b), but phrase dubious, and text perhaps corrupt, see Me Nö^l.c. Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַּיּוּשׂם Gen 24:33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges^{«GKC:73f»§ 73f}) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, compare Ol^{MBAk. 1870, 389} Kö^{i. 435}, who read also וַיוּשַׂם Gen 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummy-case (for ᵑ0 וַיִּישֶׂם), Di (ed. 4.5.6) allows this.

BDB8189 H7760 H8040 H8057

שׂוּמָה (van d. H. שׂימה Kt) perhaps noun feminine token of unluckiness, scowl; — 2Sam 13:32, so Ew^{G iii. 234, H.172} (abbreviated fromשׂמאל; or emendation שִׁטְמָה) We RS^{Ency. Brit}.(9) DAVID Kit, compare Dr HPS.

BDB9915 H7760 H7761

[שׂוּם], שׂים verb set, make (see Biblical Hebrew; for Persian influence on usage compare Scheft⁶⁵); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׂם Ezra 5:3 +, suffix שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14 2 masculine singular, שַׂ֫מְתָּ Dan 3:10 1 singular שָׂ֫מֶת טְעֵם Ezra 6:12 3 masculine plural שָׂמוּ Dan 3:12 Imperative masculine plural שִׂ֫ימוּ Ezra 4:21 —

1. make, accusative טְעֵם = make decree Dan 3:10; Ezra 6:1; Ezra 6:12 + verb finite vEzra 6:8, + infinitive Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:13 and (with ל person) vEzra 5:3 vEzra 5:9.

2. make, appoint, one's name Dan 5:12 (2 accusative), one to office Ezra 5:14 (2 accusative).

3. set, fix, accusative בָּל mind, Dan 6:15 (c. infinitive); accusative טְעֵם Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 pay due regard (טְעֵם) to (עַל person). Pe`il 3 masculine singular מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם Ezra 4:19, from me a decree is made, so Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:11; Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:21; Dan 3:29; Dan 4:3; Dan 6:27 literal 3 feminine singular שֻׂמַת (read probably שִׂימַת K^{§ 45, Beisp. 1.} d)) Dan 6:18 (of stone, עַל local). Hithpe`el be made: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:24 (of decree, סטְעֵס with מִן agent.); 3 masculine plural יִתְּשָׂמוּן Dan 2:5 subject of thing + noun predicate be made into; Participle Ezra 5:8 literally be set, laid, of wood, ב of wall.

put, set, make, made, laid, …

śûm

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

to put, place, set, appoint, make

(Qal)

to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on

to extend (compassion) (figuratively)

כִסְאִ ֖י

כִסְאִ

Root word throne, seat, thrones, stool

֖י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: כִּסֵּא · kis-SAY

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my throne

the throne ×42 his throne ×24 throne ×10 my throne ×8 and his throne ×6 thy throne ×5 a seat ×3 his seat ×2

More options

throne — Best for royal or divine seat of authority.

seat — Broader; suits informal or non-royal contexts.

seat of power — Emphasizes political authority over physical object.

royal seat — Highlights regal dignity without sounding archaic.

chair — Plain register; use when grandeur is minimal.

judgment seat — Prefer in judicial or legal contexts.

BDB4107 H3678

כִּסֵּא, כִּסֵּה₁₃₃ noun masculine^{2Sam 7:16} seat of honour, throne (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician (plural) כרסים; Aramaic כּוּרְסְיָא, ; Biblical Aramaic כָּרְסֵא, Zinjirli כרסא DHM^{Sendsch. 58. 44}; Arabic ; but Assyrian kussu; perhaps Akkadian loan-word; ideogram iƒ GU. ZA, compare Dl^{HWB 343}); — absolute כִּסֵּא Gen 41:40 +; כִּסֵּת 1Kgs 10:19 (twice in verse); Job 26:9, הַכִּסֶּא Ezek 1:26 construct כִּסֵּא 2Sam 3:10 +, כֵּס Exod 17:16 (si vera lectio; see below); suffix כִּסְאִי 1Kgs 1:13 +, כִּסְאֲךָ 2Sam 7:16 +, כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ 1Kgs 5:19 +, כִּסְאוֺ Exod 11:5 +; plural כִּסְאוֺת Ps 122:5 (twice in verse); suffix כִּסְאוֺתָם Ezek 26:16; Isa 14:9 — seat of honour, usually

1. a. of king = throne Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 11:5; Exod 12:29 (both J) 1Kgs 2:19; Isa 47:1; Ezek 26:16 of queen-mother 1Kgs 2:19 b; מַלְכוּתוֺ ׳כ Esth 5:1 his royal throne; of future (Messianic) prince Zech 6:13 a (in v^b read עליֿמינו ᵐ5 Sta^{ZAW 1881, 10}); of dead kings in She'ôl Isa 14:9 ׳נָתַן כ, in, or against a place, said of king himself, (only Jeremiah) is a sign of conquest (Jer 1:15); so ׳שִׂים כּ Jer 43:10, and (of ׳י) Jer 49:38 in Judg 3:20, though of king, not seat of office; 12 t. elsewhere, literal
b. throne of ׳י (אלהים) as heavenly king, Isa 6:1; Ezek 1:26 (twice in verse); Ezek 10:1; 1Kgs 22:19 = 2Chr 18:18; Job 26:9; Ps 11:4; Isa 66:1 heaven is my throne; as seat of judgment Ps 9:5; Ps 9:8 in oath יָד עַלכּכֵּס יָהּ Exod 17:16 (compare Di; > Cler JDMich Ges Buhl SS נֵס banner; ᵐ5 κρυφαία √ כסה, favours כס); Jerusalem called throne of ׳י Jer 3:17, so the sanctuary Jer 17:12 (כָּבוֺד מָרוֺם ׳כ), Ezek 43:7.

2. of high priest 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 4:18 of honoured guest 2Kgs 4:10 of governor Neh 3:7 of (unjust) judge הַוּוֺת ׳כ Ps 94:20 = conspicuous seat (literally) Prov 9:14 = seat of distinction, explicitly כָּבוֺד ׳כ Isa 22:23 ׳כ alone 2Kgs 25:28 (twice in verse) = Jer 52:32 (twice in verse); Esth 3:1.

3. a. figurative = royal dignity, authority, power, הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכִסְאוֺ נָקִי 2Sam 14:9 ׳לְדָוִד וּלְזַרְעוֺ וּלְבֵיתוֺ וּלְכ 1Kgs 2:33 especially kingdom, with verbs of setting up, establishing, ׳י subject, דָוִד ׳הֵקִים כ 2Sam 3:10, כִסְאֲךָוּבָנִיתִי Ps 89:5, so with שִׂים vPs 89:30 king subject, בַּחֶסֶד כִּסְאוֺסָעַד Prov 20:28 passive דָוִד יִהְיֶה נכִון ׳כ 1Kgs 2:45 the throne of David shall be established, compare 2Sam 7:16 = 1Chr 17:14 ׳וְהוּכַן בַּחֶסֶד כ Isa 16:5 (of Messianic reign); so (in general) ׳בִּצְדָקָה יִכּוֺן כ Prov 16:12, compare Prov 25:5; Prov 29:14 intransitive (with הָיָה) Ps 89:37 more fully, ׳י subject, מַמְלַכְתּוֺ ׳וְכֹנַנְתִּי אֶתכֿ 2Sam 7:13 (כֹּנֵן כסאו in || 1Chr 17:12), מַמְלַכְתְּךָ עַֿ ׳יִשְׂרָאֵלוַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶתכֿ 1Kgs 9:5, compare || 2Chr 7:18 and ׳וַהֲכִינוֺתִי כ <Times New Roman>מַלְכוּתוֺ עַליִֿשְׂרָאֵל 1Chr 22:10 also ׳מגּר כ Ps 89:45 cast down throne, of Gentile nations ׳מַמְלָכוֺתוְהָפַכְתִּי כ Hag 2:22 ׳יָשַׁב עלכֿ sit on the throne of any one (especially David) = be his successor 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 1:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 1Kgs 1:24; 1Kgs 1:27; 1Kgs 1:30; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 1:48; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 3:6; 2Kgs 13:13, especially Jer 13:13; Jer 17:25; Jer 22:2 + 5 t. Jeremiah; לָ֑ךְ ׳ֵישְׁבוּ לְכ Ps 132:12 more fully 1Chr 29:23 causative ׳הוֺשִׁיב עלכֿ 1Kgs 2:24; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Kgs 10:3 ׳הֹשִׁיב לַכּ figurative Job 36:7, of placing in honour; לָ֑ךְ ׳מִפְּרִי בִטְנְךָ אָשִׁית לְכ Ps 132:11 ישׁב׳עלכֿ also = take one's seat as king, become actual king, possess royalty 1Kgs 16:11, often sit on the throne of Israel 1Kgs 8:20; 1Kgs 8:25 = 2Chr 6:10; 2Chr 6:16; 1Kgs 10:9; 2Kgs 10:30; 2Kgs 15:12; Jer 33:17 without ישׁב 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 9:5, compare also Isa 9:6 (Messiah); ישׁב עלכֿסא מַמְלַכְתּוֺ Deut 17:18, עלכֿסא הַמְּלוּכָה 1Kgs 1:46, and even עַליִֿשְׂרָאֵללָשֶׁבֶת ׳עַלכִּֿסֵּא מַלְכוּת י 1Chr 28:5 also הַמְּלָכִים ישׁב ׳עַלכֿ 2Kgs 11:19, || הַמַּמְלָכָה ׳כ 2Chr 23:30 of (royal) throne as judgment seat Prov 20:8, compare also Ps 122:5 set one upon the throne of Israel ׳ישׂ ׳עלכֿ ׳נתן פ 1Kgs 10:9 compare || 2Chr 9:8 in comparative sentence ׳יְגַדֵּל אֶתכִּֿסְאוֺ מִכּ, i.e. make him a more powerful king than, 1Kgs 1:37, compare v1Kgs 1:47 of king of Babylon, מִמַּעַל לְכוֺכְבֵיאֵֿל אָרִים כִּסְאִי Isa 14:13. In Ps 45:7 ׳כִּסְאֲךָ אלהים וגו the text is probably corrupt: AE Hi Ew Bae read thy throne is (a throne) of God; Bi Che insert הקימונכונה יסודתו thy throne [its foundation is firmly fixed], God [has established it]; see further Dr^{§ 194, Obs..}
b. throne of ׳(אלהים) י = his royal dignity, sovereign, Lam 5:19; Ps 93:2; Ps 103:19 (׳הֵכִין כ; || מַלְכוּת); כְבוֺדֶ֑ךָ ׳כ Jer 14:21 קָדְשׁוֺ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכֿ Ps 47:9 צֶדֶק וּמִשְׁפָּט מְכוֺן כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ Ps 89:15 compare Ps 97:2.

BDB9617 H3678

כסא (see Biblical Hebrew כִּסֵּא throne).

throne, seat, thrones, stool

kissēʾ

properly, covered, i.e., a throne (as canopied)

seat (of honor), throne, seat, stool

seat (of honor), throne

בְּ עֵילָ֑ם

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

עֵילָ֑ם

Root word a name — transliterate it ("In elam")

Dictionary form: עֵילָם · ay-LAWM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: in elam

of elam ×12 elam ×9 and elam ×3 and from elam ×1 in elam ×1 is elam ×1 o elam ×1

More options

Elam — Standard modern rendering for this proper noun.

the region of Elam — Use when geographic context needs clarification.

the land of Elam — Emphasizes territorial extent; suits narrative prose.

Elamite territory — Adjectival form; useful in descriptive or historical passages.

BDB6011 H5867

I. עֵילָם proper name, of a people et. terr. Elam, Αιλαμ, Ἐλαμεῖραι, well-known country and people northeast of Lower Tigris (Assyrian Elamtu Dl^{Pa 320 ff.} COT^{Gen 10:22}); — as early invaders of Palestine Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9, allies of Assyr. Isa 22:6 foe of Babylon Isa 21:2 abode of dispersed Israelites Isa 11:11 prophesied against Jer 49:34; Jer 49:35; Jer 49:36 (twice in verse) (Qr, Kt עולם), vJer 49:37 vJer 49:38 vJer 49:39; Ezek 32:24, compare ׳כָּלמַֿלְכֵי ע Jer 25:25 called 'son' of Shem Gen 10:22 (P) = 1Chr 1:17 purely local designation הַמְּדִינָה ׳ע Dan 8:2.

BDB6012 H5867

II. עֵילָם proper name, masculine Ηλαμ, Αιλαμ:

1. heads of families of returned exiles:
a. Ezra 2:7 = Neh 7:12.
b. Ezra 2:31 = Neh 7:34.
c. Ezra 8:7; Ezra 10:2 (Qr; Kt עולם), vEzra 10:26.

2. a chief of people Neh 10:15.

3. name in Benjamin 1Chr 8:24.

4. Levite name 1Chr 26:3.

5. a priest Neh 12:42.

BDB9774 H5962 H5867

עֵלְמָיֵא name of a people, plural Elamites (compare Biblical Hebrew עֵילָם); — Ezra 4:9.

elam

ʿêlām

eternity

Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their country

(n pr m) a Korhite Levite in the time of David

וְ הַאֲבַדְתִּ֥י

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הַאֲבַדְתִּ֥י

Root word perish, destroy, destroyed, perished, lost, …

Dictionary form: אָבַד · aw-BAHD

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), first person singular causative — "he made (someone) do" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: and will destroy

shall perish ×19 perish ×14 and destroy ×7 is perished ×5 to destroy ×5 and destroyed ×4 and to destroy ×4 perished ×4

More options

perish — Modernized from KJV; best for natural death or ruin.

be destroyed — Passive sense; prefer when an agent causes the end.

be lost — Suits stray animals, people, or things gone missing.

be ruined — Good for contexts of collapse, decay, or total loss.

be wiped out — Vivid; suits judgment or warfare contexts.

vanish — Emphasizes disappearance; fits poetic or metaphorical uses.

BDB6 H6 H8

אָבַד verb perish (MI אבד, Assyrian abâtu Dl^{W 184} Aramaic אֲבַד, ). —

Qal Perfect ׳א Num 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ Ps 10:16 + (+ Ezek 6:3 ᵐ5 Co) etc.; Imperfect יאֹבַד Job 3:3; Jer 4:9 יאֹבֵ֑דּ Job 20:7 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תּאֹבַד Deut 22:3 + 4 t.; תּאֹבֵ֑ד Job 8:13 + 3 t.; יאֹבְדוּ Judg 5:31 + 3 t.; יאֹבֵ֑דוּ Job 4:9 +; 3 feminine plural וַתּאֹבַדְנָה 1Sam 9:3 תּאֹבֵדוּן Deut 4:26 +; נאֹבֵ֑ד Jonah 1:6; Jonah 3:9 נאֹבְדָה Jonah 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָבדֹ Deut 4:26 + 2 t.; construct אֲבדֹ Deut 7:20; Prov 11:10 אֲבָדְךָ Deut 28:20 אָבְדֶ֑ךָ Deut 28:22 אֲבָדְכֶם Josh 23:13 אָבְדָם Obad 1:12; Prov 28:28 Participle אוֺבֵד Deut 26:5 + 7:t.; construct אֹבַד Deut 32:28 (before ע ? see Di. Bö^{§ 378}); etc.

1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Num 17:27 (|| נוע & (v.Num 17:28) מות, (also Deut 26:5 ? compare below) Jonah 1:6; Jonah 1:14; Job 31:19 compare Job 29:13; Prov 31:6; Esth 4:14; Esth 4:16 (twice in verse); Mic 4:9; Jer 40:15 compare Isa 57:1; Prov 11:10; Prov 28:28; Eccl 7:15; Ps 119:92 emphasis on mortality Job 4:20; Ps 146:4; Eccl 9:6 Saul & Jonathan, under figure of weapons 2Sam 1:27 lion Job 4:11 caravan Job 6:18 (compare Di); compare מִןהָֿאָרֶץ חָסִיד ׳א Mic 7:2, מֶלֶח מֵעַזָּה ׳וא Zech 9:5 perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lev 26:38; Deut 8:19 (twice in verse); Deut 8:20; Deut 28:20; Deut 20:22; Deut 30:18 (twice in verse); Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15 compare Jer 6:21; Obad 1:12 compare Ps 80:17; Isa 27:13 other nations Deut 7:20; Jer 10:15; Jer 51:18; Ps 2:12; Ps 10:16; Ps 83:18 compare Ps 9:4; Amos 1:8; Isa 41:11; Isa 60:12 compare Jonah 3:9 see also Exod 10:7; Num 21:29; Num 21:30 (JE) Jer 48:46 house of Ahab 2Kgs 9:8 wicked in general Judg 5:31; Job 4:9 compare vJob 4:7, Ps 37:20; Ps 49:11; Ps 68:3 (|| simile of melting wax), Ps 73:27; Ps 92:10 also Prov 19:9; Prov 21:18 ׳לָנֶצַח א Job 20:7 compare ׳דֶּרֶח רְשָׁעִים א Ps 1:6 followed by מֵעַל הָאָ֑רֶץ (of annihilation of Israel) Deut 4:26 (twice in verse); Deut 11:17; Josh 23:13; Josh 23:16 (D); followed by מִתּוֺח הַקָּהָל (of Korah's company) Num 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Jer 9:11 (|| נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר compare Jer 48:8 harvest Joel 1:11 Jonah's gourd Jonah 4:10 riches Jer 48:36; Eccl 5:13 vessel Ps 31:13 houses Amos 3:15 (so often Assyrian Dl^w); city Ezek 26:17 (but strike out ᵐ5 Co); compare bamôth Ezek 6:3 ᵐ5 Co; heavens & earth Ps 102:27.

2. figurative perish, vanish, subject memory Job 18:17; Ps 9:7 name Ps 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Job 30:2 wisdom Isa 29:14 compare אֹבַד עֵצוֺת Deut 32:28 אֱמוּנָה Jer 7:28 (|| נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֺן Ezek 12:22 יוֺם Job 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Jer 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה Ps 9:19; Prov 10:28; Prov 11:7; Ezek 19:5; Ezek 37:11; Job 8:13 so תַּאֲוָה Ps 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֺחֶלֶת Prov 11:7, followed by מִן + agent Lam 3:18 עֵצָה + תּוֺרָה followed by מן + persons negligent Jer 18:18; Ezek 7:26, compare Jer 49:7 especially מָנוֺס מִןֿ ׳א (i.e. they could not escape) Amos 2:14; Jer 25:35; Job 11:20; Ps 142:5.

3. be lost, strayed, asses 1Sam 9:3; 1Sam 9:20 sheep Jer 50:6; Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16; Ps 119:176 (figurative of erring men); perhaps Deut 26:5. Pi`el causative of Qal. — Perfect אִבַּד 2Kgs 21:3 + 2 t.; suffix וְאִבֶּדְךָ Co Ezek 28:16 compare below; אִבַּדְתִּי Jer 15:7 וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ezek 6:3 (ᵐ5 Co וְאָֽבְּדוּ) etc.; Imperfect יְאַבֵּד Eccl 9:18 וִיאַבֵּד Eccl 7:7; Zeph 2:13 1 singular suffix וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ezek 28:16 (for ׳וָאֲאַבּ Ew^{§ 72 c} Ol^{§ 79 a} Kö I:338 Ges^{«GKC:68»§ 68} fin; but Co 3 masculine singular; see also Co Ezek 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Deut 12:2 etc.; Infinitive absolute אַבֵּד Deut 12:2 + 3 t.; construct id. Ezek 22:27 + etc.; Participle מְאַבְּדִים Jer 23:1.

1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, object person (mostly late) 2Kgs 11:1; Esth 3:9; Esth 4:7; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:24 || הרג Esth 9:6; Esth 9:12 || הרג + השׁמיד Esth 3:13; Esth 7:4; Esth 8:11 || המם Esth 9:24 compare Ps 119:95 object נְפָשׁוֺת Ezek 22:17 (strike out ᵐ5 Co); in judgment, subject ׳י Ps 5:7 compare Prov 1:32 followed by מִתּוֺח Ezek 28:16 object a people 2Kgs 13:7; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19; Job 12:13 in judgment Deut 11:4; Jer 12:17; Jer 15:7; Zeph 2:13; Ps 9:6 compare Ps 21:11 object inanimate things especially idols, bamôth etc., Num 33:52 (twice in verse); (J) Deut 12:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 21:3; Ezek 6:3 (but compare ᵐ5 Co above); bars of Zion Lam 2:9 (|| שִׁבַּר).

2. figurative cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Deut 12:3 voice of Babylon Jer 51:55 memory of dead Isa 26:14 substance Prov 29:3 understanding Eccl 7:7 good ( טוֺבָה q. v.) Eccl 9:18.

3. cause to stray, lose; object Israel under figure of flock Jer 23:1 (|| הֵפִיץ); absolute Eccl 3:6 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ). Hiph`il Perfect וְהֶאֱבִּיד Num 24:19 הֶאֱבַ֑דְתָּ Job 14:19 etc.; Imperfect אֹבִידָה Jer 46:8 (Ges^{«GKC:68»§ 68}, 2 R. 1). Infinitive construct הַאֲבִיד 2Kgs 10:19 + etc.; Participle מַאֲבִיד Deut 8:20.

1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subject ׳י) object person Lev 23:30 (followed by מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; || כָּרַת vLev 23:29); Jer 49:38 (followed by מִשָּׁם); Obad 1:8 (followed by מֵאֱדוֺם); object nation, Ammon Ezek 25:7 (followed by מןהֿארצות; || כָּרַת), compare vEzek 25:16 Canaanites Deut 8:20 (followed by מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zeph 2:5 (|| כָּרַת); especially Israel Deut 28:51; Deut 28:63 (|| הִשְׁמִיד), compare Josh 7:7 also absolute Jer 18:7 (|| לִנְתוֺשׁ וְלִנְתוֺץ); = Jer 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֺס) = Jer 31:28 (+ וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ezek 32:13 (followed by מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); compare Deut 7:10; Ps 143:12 (|| הִצְמִית); (human subject), object servants of Baal 2Kgs 10:19, object nation Deut 9:3, compare Num 24:19 (E; followed by מֵעִיר); 2Kgs 24:2 compare Jer 46:8 object inanimate, chariots Mic 5:9 idols Ezek 30:13 (strike out B Co).

2. figurative, object name of kings Deut 7:24 (followed by מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Job 14:19 voice of mirth etc. Jer 25:10 (compare Jer 51:55 Pi`el above)

BDB9265 H6 H7

[אֲבַד] verb perish (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al mpl. 3 masculine plural יֵאבַ֫דוּ (not וּן- see K^{§ 26, 1}) Jer 10:11 they shall persish, pass away. Haph`el (Old Aramaic האבד Lzb²⁰⁵ Cooke¹⁸⁹) destoy: Imperfect 2 masculine singular אַלתְּֿהוֺבֵד (K^{§ 41 c}) Dan 2:24(c.ל person); 3 masculine plural יְהוֺבְדוּן vDan 2:18(indefinite subject; accusative of person); Infinitive לְהוֺבָדָא vDan 2:12 vDan 2:24 (both with ל person), דָה- Dan 7:26 (absolute). Hoph`al (K^{§ 41 c} W^{CG 225}) be destroyed: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּבַד Dan 7:11.

perish, destroy, destroyed, perished, lost, …

ʾābad

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed

(Qal)

perish, die, be exterminated

to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate

to destroy, put to death

of divine judgment

מִ שָּׁ֛ם

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

שָּׁ֛ם

Adverb there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

Dictionary form: שָׁם · shawm

Adverb

In the KJV here: from thence

there ×309 and there ×67 thither ×56 from thence ×50 thence ×32 where ×30 him there ×10 therein ×9

More options

there — Default spatial adverb; fits most contexts naturally.

in that place — More explicit; use when location needs emphasis.

to that place — Directional sense; use when movement toward is implied.

from there — Point of departure; replaces archaic 'from thence/thence'.

where — Relative clause contexts; links location to a preceding noun.

there in it — Renders the 'therein/within it' locative nuance.

BDB10005 H8536 H8033

תַּמָּה adverb there (so Egyptian Aramaic (RÉS^{361 B 5} [also תנה^{A 4}, so Cilician Aramaic, Cooke^{68. 5}, compare Palmyrene תנן ib.^{121. 3}, Syriac ] S-C^{A 4, J 6}); ᵑ7 תַּמָּן, Syriac , see Biblical Hebrew שָׁם); — Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:1; Ezra 6:12 ׳מִןתֿ thence Ezra 6:6.

BDB8775 H8033 H3074

שָׁם adverb there, thither (Arabic there, compare then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, ᵑ7 תַּמָּן (with demonstrative n, compare אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם); —

1. a. there Gen 2:8; Gen 2:12; Gen 11:2; Gen 11:7; Gen 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emphasis, Mic 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nah 3:15; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:24; Ps 104:26 +, וְשָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 41:12; Exod 15:27; Num 13:22; Num 13:33 +, שָׁם ֗֗֗ וְשָׁם Exod 15:25; Deut 12:14; Isa 27:10; Job 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 29:2, כִּי שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 11:9; Gen 21:31; Gen 35:7; 2Sam 1:21; 2Sam 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 34:14; Isa 34:15, גַּם שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 23:12; Isa 57:7; Ps 139:10 resuming a preceding 'where,' Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judg 5:27; Jer 22:12; Eccl 11:3, compare Eccl 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם ֗֗֗ שָׁם here ... there Isa 28:10; Isa 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Ps 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Ps 36:13, compare Ps 48:7; Ps 66:6; Ps 132:17; Hos 6:7; Zeph 1:14. — Hab 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Eccl 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De and others
b. preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Gen 2:11; Exod 20:21; 1Sam 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Gen 13:3; Gen 13:14; Gen 19:27; Exod 29:42; 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Gen 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the relative being indicated by construct, Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130 c, d}) Ezek 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Co Or and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion ( = שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3), Deut 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judg 19:15; Judg 21:10; 1Sam 2:14; 1Sam 9:6 and elsewhere; אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁם whither, 1Kgs 18:10; 1Kgs 21:18; 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16; Isa 20:6, more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, as Jer 8:3; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 23:8; Jer 45:5 +, Ezek 4:13; Ezek 12:16; Ezek 36:20; Ezek 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Ps 122:4.

3. with ה locative, שָׁ֫מָּה (sh¹mm¹h):
a. after verbs of motion, thither, Gen 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, vGen 19:22; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:6; Gen 29:3; Deut 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Exod 16:33 וְתֶןשָֿׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Exod 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Exod 30:18; Judg 8:25; 2Kgs 12:10 pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Gen 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶתמֵֿתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Gen 25:10; Gen 49:31; Gen 50:5 (all P), נוֺעַד to meet Exod 29:42; Exod 29:43; Exod 30:6; Exod 30:36; Num 17:19 (all P), Josh 2:16; Josh 7:3; Jer 13:7; Joel 4:7, perhaps Song 8:5 (? c).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁ֫מָּה whither Gen 20:13; Num 33:54; Deut 4:5; Deut 4:14 + often; where 2Kgs 23:8; 1Chr 4:41.
c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Gen 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Josh 2:1; Judg 16:27; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 9:16; Hos 2:17; Isa 22:18; Isa 34:15; Isa 65:9; Jer 18:2; Jer 27:22; Ezek 23:3; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30 (Ezek 32:22 vEzek 32:24 vEzek 32:26 שָׁם), Ezek 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י, Ps 76:4; Ps 122:5; Eccl 3:16.

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence:
a. often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Gen 2:10; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 12:8; Gen 18:16; Gen 24:7; Gen 42:2, etc., Num 13:23; Num 21:12; Num 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Deut 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Deut 30:4; Jer 37:12; Hos 2:17; Amos 9:2; Amos 9:3; Amos 9:4; Job 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Gen 49:24 ׳מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (׳י), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so ᵑ6) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ מִשָּׁם whence Gen 24:5; Num 23:13 +.
c. expressing origin, Gen 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Gen 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Philistines, Judg 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1Sam 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isa 65:20.
d. of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Gen 27:9; Gen 30:32 (of צאֹן), Lev 2:2 ׳וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), 1Kgs 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, 2Kgs 7:2; 2Kgs 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹכל׃, Ezek 5:3.

there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

šām

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

there, thither

there

מֶ֥לֶךְ

Root word king, kings, royal

Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the king

the king ×712 king ×501 and the king ×198 the kings ×192 of the kings ×104 of the king ×98 kings ×64 and king ×33

More options

king — Most natural modern equivalent; universally understood.

monarch — Formal register; suits literary or elevated prose.

ruler — Broader term; useful when royal rank is less central.

sovereign — Emphasizes supreme authority; good in legal or theological contexts.

royal — Adjectival use; fits compound nouns like 'royal court'.

BDB4669 H4428 H4429

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ₂₅₁₃ noun masculine king (Late Hebrew id.; MI^{1, 5, 10, 18, 23} מלך; Neh 1:4 המלכן; Phoenician מלך; Zinjirli מלך DHM^{Sendsch. 60}; Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king); Arabic king (original Hebrew *מַלִח inferred, Lag^{BN 73} Ba^{NB § 112} WMM^{As. u. Europ.76}); Sabean מלכן SabDenkm^{No. 1}; construct מלך, plural אמלך CIS^{iv 37}; compare Ethiopic God (and Nö^l.c.); Aramaic , מְלֵיךְ; Palmyrene מלך מלכא Vog^{No. 28}; Nabataean מלכא Eut^{Nab. 1}); — ׳מ absolute Gen 14:7 + (insert also 2Sam 13:17 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu, and v2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu); in p. always מֶ֑לֶךְ Gen 49:20 + 238 t. (so also proper name in מֶלֶךְ-); construct Gen 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2Sam 19:44 + 6 t., etc.; plural מְלָכִים Gen 14:9 +; מְלָכִין Prov 31:3 construct מַלְכֵי Gen 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isa 7:16 + 3 t.; מַלְכֵיהֶם Deut 7:24 + 16 t., etc.; —

1. king: of Egypt Gen 39:20f.; Exod 1:8f.; Deut 11:3; 1Kgs 3:1 of Mesopotamia, Shinar, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, etc. Judg 3:8; Judg 3:10; Gen 14:1f.; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 17:3f.; 2Kgs 18:13f.; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:11f.; Ezra 1:1f.; Ezra 4:3f.; Esth 1:2 +, 1Kgs 11:18; 1Kgs 11:40; 1Kgs 14:25; 2Kgs 17:4f.; 2Kgs 23:29 +; of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab, etc. (often of single city): Gen 14:2f.; vGen 14:18; Gen 20:2; Gen 26:1; Gen 26:8; Gen 36:31; Num 20:14; Num 21:1f.; Num 22:4; Num 22:10; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:1f.; Josh 2:2 (often in Joshua), Judg 1:7; Judg 5:19; Judg 8:5; Judg 8:12; Judg 11:12f.; 2Kgs 3:4f. +; of Aram, Hamath, etc. 2Sam 8:3f. v2Sam 8:9; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 20:1f.; 1Kgs 22:3; 2Kgs 5:1f.; 2Kgs 8:7f.; v2Kgs 8:29; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Kgs 9:15; 2Kgs 15:37; 2Kgs 16:5f. +; of Tyre, etc. 2Sam 5:11; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:11; 1Kgs 9:16+, etc.; especially of Israel (undivided, and of both divisions) Gen 36:31; Num 23:21; Num 24:7; Deut 17:14f.; Judg 17:6; Judg 18:1; Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 2:10; 1Sam 8:5f.; 2Sam 2:4f.; 1Kgs 1:33; 1Kgs 1:34f. + very often; compare also Judg 9:5. — 2Sam 18:29b strike out ׳הַמּ We Klo Dr Kit Bu. Note that in early books המלך דוד is nearly always said; in late books usually המלך ׳שׁלמה וגו) דוד; compare Aramaic כּוֺרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא, etc.

2. of Davidic king, as under divine protection, 1Sam 2:10 (|| מְשִׁיחוֺ), Ps 2:6; Ps 18:51; Ps 89:19; Ps 61:7, compare Ps 99:4 so in (Messianic) prediction Hos 3:5; Isa 32:1; Jer 23:5; Ezek 37:22; Ezek 37:24; Zech 9:9.

3. used of ׳י as king of Israel 1Sam 12:12 in poetry Deut 33:5 compare Ps 5:3; Ps 10:16; Ps 29:10; Ps 44:5; Ps 48:3; Ps 68:25; Ps 74:12; Ps 84:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 149:2; Isa 41:21; Isa 43:15; Isa 44:6; Zeph 3:15 מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד Ps 24:7; Ps 24:8; Ps 24:9; Ps 24:10 (twice in verse); universal king Ps 47:3; Ps 47:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 98:6; Jer 10:7; Jer 10:10, compare Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 51:57; Zech 14:9; Zech 14:16; Zech 14:17; Mal 1:14 of false god Amos 5:26.

4. in fable, king of trees Judg 9:8; Judg 9:15 figurative of crocodile Job 41:26 אֵין לָאַרְבֶּה ׳מ Prov 30:27 of death, מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת Job 18:14.

5. combinations are: —
a. הַגָּדוֺל ׳הַמּ 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:13 (of Assyrian king: compare Assyrian šarru rabu); גָּדוֺל ׳מ Eccl 9:14 (indefinite); of ׳י Mal 1:14, עַלכֿלאֿלהים ׳ג ׳מ Ps 95:3 ׳מ עוֺלָם Jer 10:10 (of ׳י); מְלָכִים ׳מ Ezek 26:7 (king of Babylon)
b. יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Sam 10:24; 2Sam 16:16 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:39; 2Kgs 11:12; 2Chr 23:11 מֶלֶךְ בירושׁלם Eccl 1:1, compare Eccl 15:26; 2Sam 5:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Chr 29:25; 2Sam 2:11 (׳בחברון עלהֿיה מ) 1Kgs 11:37; 2Chr 28:4; Eccl 1:12.
c. following a verb (one or two accusative) על ׳שִׂים מ Deut 17:14; Deut 17:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:19 ׳שִׂים לָנוּ מ 1Sam 8:5 ׳שִׂים לְמ 1Kgs 10:9 לְ ׳נָתַן מ 1Sam 8:6; Hos 13:10; Hos 13:11 נָתַן עַל 1Sam 12:13; 2Chr 2:10; Neh 9:37; Neh 13:26 הִמְלִיךְ לְמֶלֶךְ Judg 9:6; 1Sam 15:11 על ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 12:1 לְ ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 8:22 ׳מָשַׁח מ עַל Judg 9:8 ׳מָשַׁח לְמ 1Kgs 1:45 עַל ׳מָשַׁךְ לְמ Judg 9:15; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 15:17; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 5:12; 2Sam 12:7; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Chr 11:3; 1Chr 14:8 יִהְיֶה על ׳מ 1Sam 8:19 על ׳בִּקֵּשׁ למ 2Sam 3:17 ׳הֵכִין לְמ על 2Sam 5:12; 1Chr 14:2 על ׳הֵקִים מ 1Kgs 14:14; Deut 28:36 ׳תַּחַת וגו ׳לְמ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכִּֿסֵּא י 1Chr 29:23, compare Prov 20:8 אלהיך ׳לְי ׳נָתַן עַלכִּֿסֵּא לְמ 2Chr 9:8.
d. מַעֲדַנֵּימֶֿלךְ Gen 49:20 royal dainties, figurative; ׳מִשְׁתֵּה הַמּ 1Sam 25:36 royal feast (in simile); ׳אֶבֶן הַמּ 2Sam 14:26 king's weight; ׳יַדהַֿמּ 1Kgs 10:13 royal bounty (in simile); ׳גִּזֵּי הַמּ Amos 7:1 king's mowings; ׳מִקְדַּשׁ מ Amos 7:13 royal sanctuary; עֲטֶרֶת מַלְכָּם 2Sam 12:30 crown of their king = 1Chr 20:2 (but read מִלְכֹּם ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Kau — not Bu Kit^Chr. Hpt); compare also בַּיִת, עֵמֶק, גַּן, שָׁוֵה, etc. — proper name אבימלך, אחימלך, אלימלך, מלך, נתן, מלך, עבד, see below אב, אח, etc.

BDB4674 H4432 H1322 H4428

מֹ֫לֶךְ proper name, of a divinity Molech (ᵐ5 Μολοχ, ᵑ9 Moloch) (= מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 1883, 124} RS^{Semitic i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; compare Hoffm^{GG Abh. xxxvi. 1890 a (May, 1889), 25}; Phoenician proper name, of divinity מלך Milk, in proper names compare Bloch, Dr^{Dt.222 f.}); — with article ׳הַמּ: — the god to whom Israel sacrificed children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); ׳העביר בָּנֵשׁ לַ מּ 2Kgs 23:10 ׳העביר לַמּ Jer 32:35 (|| הַבַּעַל), Lev 18:21 (H); ׳נתן לַמּ Lev 20:2; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:4 (H); more generally ׳לִזְנוֺת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ vLev 20:5 (H). In 1Kgs 11:7 read probably מִלְכֹּם, q. v.

BDB4684 H4442 H6664 H4428

מַלְכִּיצֶֿ֫דֶק proper name, masculine king of שָׁלֵם (q. v.), (my king is ‚ede‡) — Gen 14:18. Ps 110:4. ᵐ5 Μελχισεδεκ.

BDB4685 H4443 H4428 H7311

מַלְכִּירָם proper name, masculine son of Jeconiah (= Jehoiakin) (my king (= Yahweh) is high, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 146 f.}; Phoenician proper name מלכרם); — 1Chr 3:18. ᵐ5 Μελχ(ε)ιραμ.

BDB4686 H4428 H4444 H7769

מַלְכִישׁוּעַ proper name, masculine son of Saul my king (= ׳י) is opulence, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 147}); — 1Sam 14:49; 1Sam 31:2; 1Chr 8:33; 1Chr 9:39; 1Chr 10:2 (in Chronicles מַלְכִּישֿׁוּעַ). ᵐ5 Μελχεισα, Μελχεσουε, etc.

king, kings, royal

melek

a king

king

וְ שָׂרִ֖ים

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שָׂרִ֖ים

Root word princes, captains, captain, chief, rulers, …

Dictionary form: שַׂר · sahr

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: and the princes

the princes ×55 the captains ×28 and the princes ×21 princes ×18 the captain ×18 captains ×14 and captains ×13 captain ×13

More options

commander — Best for military contexts; clear and modern.

official — Broad civil/administrative use; fits non-military leaders.

prince — Retain for royal/noble rank; modernizes KJV directly.

chief — Good for head of a group or department.

governor — Prefer when regional administrative authority is stressed.

leader — General-purpose; use when rank is vague or inclusive.

BDB5544 H5493 H5494 H3249 H5637 H8269

סוּר and (Hos 9:12) [שׂוּד]₃₀₀ verb turn aside (Late Hebrew Hiph`il cause to turn aside, or apostatize; Tel Amarna sûru, noun rebel Wkl^Gloss); —

Qal₁₆₁ Perfect masculine singular סָר Exod 3:4 +; 3 feminine singular סָ֫רָה 1Sam 16:14 +; 1 singular סָ֑רְתִּי Ps 119:102 3 plural סָרוּ Deut 9:12 +; 2 masculine plural סַרְתֶּם vDeut 9:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָסוּר Gen 49:10 +, וַיָּ֫מַר Judg 4:18 +; 3 feminine singular תָּסוּר 1Sam 6:3 +; 1 singular cohortative אָסֻ֫רָה Exod 3:3 3 masculine plural יָסֻ֫רוּ Exod 25:15 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סוּר 2Sam 2:22 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute סוֺר Dan 9:5, סֹר vDan 9:11 construct סוּר Isa 7:17 +; suffix שׂוּרִי Hos 9:12 (Ges^{«GKC:6k»§ 6k} Now); Participle סָר Job 1:1 +; feminine construct סָרַת Prov 11:22 masculine plural construct סָרֵי Jer 6:28 (or from סרר, or שָׂר); passive feminine סוּרָה Isa 49:21, with intransitive meaning (Ges^{«GKC:50f»§ 50f} Kö^{ii. 1, 137}), plural suffix סוּרַי Jer 17:13 Qr; and construct סוּרֵי Jer 2:21 —

1. turn aside, out of one's course 1Sam 6:12; Deut 2:27, from following, מֵאַחֲרֵי person 2Sam 2:21; 2Sam 2:22, absolute v2Sam 2:23, from attacking, מֵעַל 2Chr 20:10 turn in unto (for shelter, refuge, etc.), with אֶלֿ, Gen 19:2; Gen 19:3 (J) Judg 4:18 (3 t. in verse); Judg 19:11; Judg 19:12; 2Kgs 4:11, with לְ Judg 20:8, with שָׁם Judg 18:3; Judg 19:15, שָׁ֫מָה Judg 18:15; 2Kgs 4:8 ( + infinitive), v2Kgs 4:10 with הֵ֫נָּה Prov 9:4; Prov 9:16 (in figurative); for purpose implied Exod 3:3 (J) Ruth 4:1 (twice in verse), or expressed by infinitive Exod 3:4 (J) Judg 14:8; Jer 15:5 (in figurative); especially figurative turn aside from right path, from ׳י, his commands, etc., usually with מִן Exodus (J) Judg 2:17; Deut 9:12 + 7 t. D, Prov 13:14 + 5 t. Proverbs, + 10 t. elsewhere, + 2Chr 8:15 (insert מִן); with מֵאַחֲרֵי 1Sam 12:20 + 4 t.; with מֵעַל Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9 מִן + יָמִין etc. Deut 5:29; Deut 17:11; 2Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 34:2 absolute (sometimes = revolt) Ps 14:3; Jer 5:23; Deut 11:16; Deut 17:17 (subject לֵבָב), וְסוּרַי Jer 17:13 Qr (> יסורי Kt) read probably וְסוּרֶיךָ those revolting from thee (Ew Gie); סוּרֵי הַגֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Jer 2:21 degenerate (shoots) of the foreign vine (figurative); סָרַת טַעַם Prov 11:22 a woman turning aside as to discretion, shewing lack of it; also from wrong path, sins (of Jeroboam), etc., with מִן 2Kgs 3:3; 2Kgs 14:24 + 7 t. 2 Kings; with מֵעַל 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 with מֵאַחֲרֵי 2Kgs 10:29 סָר מֵרָע (participle) Job 1:1; Job 1:8; Job 2:3 also Isa 59:15 סוּר מֵרָע (infinitive and imperative) Job 28:28; Prov 3:7; Prov 13:19; Prov 16:6; Prov 16:17; Ps 34:16; Ps 37:27.

2. depart, usually with מִן, of frogs Exod 8:7, flies v.Exod 8:25 (both J), sword 2Sam 12:10 sceptre from Judah Gen 49:10 (poem in J): ׳י's hand 1Sam 6:3, his kindness 2Sam 7:15 (ᵑ0, but read אָסִיר ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 || 1Chr 17:13 Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS), his wrath Ezek 16:42 (but strike out Co Siegf Toy), depart from way = get out of the way, cease to obstruct Isa 30:11, etc.; with מִתּוֺךְ 1Sam 15:6 (twice in verse); with מֵעַל Isa 7:17; Judg 16:19; Num 12:10, etc.; of ׳י departing, מִן person, Hos 9:12, מֵעַל Judg 16:20; 1Sam 28:16, מֵעִם 1Sam 18:12 God, with מִן Job 21:14; Job 22:17, with מֵעַל 1Sam 28:16, ׳רוּחֵ י, with מֵעִם 1Sam 16:14 evil spirit, with מֵעַל v1Sam 16:23 absolute depart [from Babylon] Isa 52:11 (twice in verse); = avoid contact Lam 4:15 (3 t. in verse); of wicked Job 15:30 he shall not depart out of (מִנִּי) darkness, i.e. shall not avoid it, escape it; passive participle made to depart, thrust away, of Israel under figure of wife Isa 49:21 (> active, according to Ba^{NB § 124 c}).

3. of lifeless things = be removed, oppressors's yoke, with מֵעַל Isa 14:25 compare vIsa 14:25; Isa 10:27 staves from (מִן) ark Exod 25:16 absolute inquity Isa 6:7 especially of בָּמוֺת 1Kgs 15:14; 1Kgs 22:44; 2Kgs 12:4; 2Kgs 14:4; 2Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 15:35; 2Kgs 2:17; 2Kgs 20:33.

4. = come to an end, Amos 6:7; Isa 11:13. — For סָר אֶלֿ 1Sam 22:14 read שָׂר עַלֿ ᵐ5 Th Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr HPS; in 1Sam 15:32 Th HPS strike out סָר (after ᵐ5 ᵑ9 ᵑ6) as dittograph; סָר סָבְאָם Hos 4:18 see סֹבֶא; Hos 7:14 read יָס֫וֺרוּ for יָס֫וּרוּ (√ סרר q. v.); Jer 6:28, it is uncertain whether (סוֺרְרִים) סָרֵי belongs here, revolters among the rebellious, or below סרר, or even = שָׂרֵי princes, chiefs (compare 1Sam 22:14). Pô`lel Perfect 3 masculine singular סוֺרֵר דְּרָכָיו Lam 3:11 he turned aside my ways (my steps).

Hiph`il₁₃₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵסִיר 2Kgs 18:4 +; 2 masculine singular וַהֲסִרֹ֫תָ consecutive (Dr^{§ 110(5) Obs.}) 1Kgs 3:31 1 singular הֲסִירֹ֫תִי 2Kgs 23:27 +, וַהֲסִרֹתִ֫י 1Sam 17:46 +; 3 plural הֵסִ֫ירוּ 2Chr 30:14, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָסִיר Isa 3:18 +, jussive יָסֵר Exod 8:4 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Gen 8:13 +; suffix וַיְסִרֵהוּ 1Sam 18:13, וַיְסִרֶהָ 1Kgs 15:13, יְסִירֶנָּה Lev 3:4 +; 3 masculine plural יָסִ֫ירוּ Isa 5:23 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָסֵר 1Kgs 20:24 +, הָסִיר Ezek 21:31 (read הָסֵיר, הָסֵר); feminine singular הָסִ֫ירִי 1Sam 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָסֵר Gen 30:32 +; construct הָסִיר 2Kgs 6:32 +, etc.; Participle מֵסִיר Isa 3:1 + 3 t.; —

1. cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away: with מִן, Exod 8:4; Exod 8:27; Exod 33:23 (all J), Exod 23:25 (E) Deut 7:15; 1Sam 28:3; Josh 7:13 (J) Judg 10:16; Isa 3:1; Ps 18:23 (+ || 2Sam 22:23, read אָסִיר מִמֶּנִּי De Hup-Now HPS); shoulder from burden Ps 81:7 מֵסִיר אָזְנוֺ מִשְּׁמֹעַ Prov 28:9 + often, + Job 33:17 (insert מִן ᵐ5 Ew Di De Hi Bu and others); with מֵעַל, take off ring Gen 41:42 (E) Esth 3:10, also Esth 8:2 (absolute); garments Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 (J) Deut 21:13; Zech 3:4; 1Sam 17:39 (armour), also Exod 34:34 (P; absolute) and Ezek 26:16 (Co insert מֵעַל); take off head, מֵעַל 1Sam 17:46, absolute 2Sam 4:7; 2Sam 16:9; 2Sam 2:32 with מֵעַל also often figurative (from upon = from resting on, or burdening), plagues Exod 8:4; Exod 10:17 (J), compare Num 21:7 (E), also 1Sam 1:14; Amos 5:23; 1Kgs 2:31 reproach 1Sam 17:26; Isa 25:8 c, מֵעִם = from one's presence 1Sam 18:13, also of ׳י removing kindness 1Chr 16:13 = || 2Sam 7:15 (see

Qal 2.); with מֵעַל פָּנָיו, of ׳י removing Israel 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31 absolute 2Kgs 23:27 often absolute, Gen 8:13 Noah removed the covering; remove = depose with מִן 1Kgs 15:13 = 2Chr 15:16 (see מִן 7 b
(b)), absolute 2Chr 36:3, compare Judg 9:29; Job 34:20 remove בָּמוֺת, etc., 2Kgs 18:4, v2Kgs 18:22 = Isa 36:7 = 2Chr 32:12; 2Kgs 23:19; 2Chr 30:14; 2Chr 14:2, compare 2Chr 14:4; 2Chr 17:5 (both with מִן); = put away strange gods, etc., Gen 35:2; Josh 24:14; Josh 24:23 (all E), 1Sam 7:4, with מִתּוֺךְ v1Sam 7:3; Isa 58:9 once with לְ, מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים Job 12:20.

2. rarer uses are: put aside = leave undone Josh 11:15 (D); retract words Isa 31:2 (of ׳י); reject prayer Ps 66:20 abolish sacrifice Dan 11:31 turn one away מֵאַחֲרֵי, i.e. from following Deut 7:4 with אֶלֿ person, remove the ark unto 2Sam 6:10 = 1Chr 13:13.Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּסַר Lev 4:31; Dan 12:11 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יוּסַר Lev 4:35 Participle מוּסָר Isa 17:1 plural מוּסָרִים 1Sam 21:7 (but final ם probably dittograph before מ We Dr Klo Kit HPS); — be taken away, removed: with מִן Lev 4:35, מֵעַל vLev 4:31, ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י 1Sam 21:7 מוּסָר מֵעִיר Isa 17:1 Damascus is removed from being a city; absolute be abolished Dan 12:11 (compare Dan 11:31 Hiph`il).

BDB8348 H8269 H3256

שַׂר₄₂₀ noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king); — absolute שַׂר 2Sam 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Mic 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hos 3:4 +; construct שַׂר Judg 4:2 +; suffix שַׂרְכֶם Dan 10:21 plural שָׂרִים 1Kgs 4:2 +; construct שָׂרֵי Gen 12:15 +; suffix שָׂרַי Judg 5:15; Isa 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Jer 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Isa 3:4 +; —

1. chieftain, leader:
a. plural of Israel Num 21:18 (poem in J E; || נְדִיֹב הָעָם), of Issachar Judg 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judg 10:18 is dubious (we should expect ׳וְשׂ, and compare ׳זִקְנֵי ג, instead, Judg 11:5-11); of Midian Judg 7:25; Judg 8:3 Philistines 1Sam 29:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:4 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:9 (apparently = סְרָנִים v1Sam 29:2 v1Sam 29:6 v1Sam 29:7 [We], yet distinguished by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Bu strike out in v1Sam 29:4 b), compare 1Sam 18:30 in poetry, of כְּמוֺשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Jer 48:7, of מָלכם (q. v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jer 49:3.
b. singular David as leader of freebooters 1Sam 22:2 compare גְּדוּד ׳שׂ 1Kgs 11:24, plural 2Sam 4:2.

2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
a. plural, in Egypt Gen 12:15 (J) + 3 t. Is + Gen 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare || מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [Che^Heb.Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), Ps 105:22 Moab Num 22:8 + 8 t. 22, 23 (JE), Amos 2:3 Edom Isa 34:12 (|| הֹרִים); Assyrian Isa 10:8; Isa 31:9 Babylonian Isa 21:5 + 7 t. Jeremiah + 2Chr 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jer 49:38 + 17 t. Ezra, Esther; in general Isa 49:7 officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles) 1Chr 22:17 + 5 t. 1 Chronicles; Ezra 8:20 Solomon 1Kgs 4:2 Jehoiachin 2Kgs 24:12; 2Kgs 24:14 Zedak. Jer 34:21; 2Chr 36:18 other kings 19 t. 2 Chronicles; in general Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17 see also (Judah) Jer 1:18 + 31 t. Jeremiah (Jer 17:25 a strike out ׳שׂ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 t. Lamentations; Ezek 17:12; Zeph 1:8 (where distinguished from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called ׳שׂ); so, in general, Neh 9:32; Neh 9:34; Dan 9:6; Dan 9:8 and (Northern Israel) Hos 3:4 + 6 t. Hosea.
b. as having powers of magistrate (‡adi) Exod 2:14 (E + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exod 18:21 + 7 t. 18 (E), Deut 1:15 (4 t. in verse); later in Judah Hos 5:10 (Now reads ׳שָׂרֵי תִשׁ), Isa 1:23, compare Isa 3:4; Isa 3:14; Isa 32:1; Mic 7:3 (singular; || שֹׁפֵט), Zeph 3:3 (|| id.), Ezek 22:27, compare Prov 8:16 (|| נְדִיבִים); Prov 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), 1Kgs 20:14; 1Kgs 20:15; 1Kgs 20:17; 1Kgs 20:19 (compare Esth 1:3; Esth 8:9; Esth 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esth 3:12).
d. as commandant of city, הָעִיר ׳שׂ Judg 9:30, compare 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25; 2Kgs 23:8; 2Chr 34:8 of citadel, הַבִּירָה ׳שׂ Neh 7:2 plural of city officials סֻכּוֺת ׳שׂ Judg 8:6; Judg 8:14 (distinguished from זְקֵנִים), compare 2Kgs 10:1; 2Chr 29:20.

3. specifically military, = captain, general:
a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא Gen 21:22; Gen 21:32 (E), Gen 26:26 (J), 1Sam 12:9 + 23 t., + ׳יֿ׳צֿ׳שׂ Josh 5:14; Josh 5:15 (J E; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; ׳שָׂרֵי הַצּ 1Kgs 1:25 + 3 t. Chronicles, ׳שָׂרִים בַּצּ 1Chr 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v.1Chr 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֺת Deut 20:9; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Chr 27:3 שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל 2Sam 24:2 (but read וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as ᵐ5^L and || 1Chr 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), ׳שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח v1Chr 21:4 v1Chr 21:4; 2Kgs 9:5; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1Kgs 15:20 = 2Chr 16:4; 2Kgs 25:23; 2Kgs 25:26; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:13 + 7 t. Jeremiah; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2Chr 32:6 so (ה)שׂר alone 2Sam 18:5; 2Sam 19:7; 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9 ᵐ5.:B Be Kit (שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for ᵑ0 ׳שָׂרֵי שׁ), 2Kgs 9:5 (twice in verse); 1Chr 11:6; 1Chr 11:21 + 9 t., + Job 39:25; Dan 11:5 וְגָדוֺל ׳שׂ 2Sam 3:38 (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isa 9:5 (Messianic name).
b. leading companies of 50 2Kgs 1:9-14; Isa 3:3, of 100 1Sam 22:7 + 16 t. + 1Sam 8:12 (reading מֵאוֺת for חֲמִשִּׁים ᵐ5 HPS, compare We; Bu insert שָׂרֵי מֵאוֺת), of 1000 1Sam 17:18 + 11 t., + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֺת 1Chr 13:1; 1Chr 26:26 (distinguished from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 1Chr 27:1; 1Chr 29:6; 2Chr 1:2 also הָרֶכֶב ׳שׂ captain of the chariotry 1Kgs 22:31; 1Kgs 22:32; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:30; 2Chr 18:31; 2Chr 18:32 + 3 t. + שָׂרֵי וּפָרָשָׁיו ׳ר 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9.

4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Gen 37:36 + 5 t.; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1Kgs 14:27 = 2Chr 12:10 שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23 = 2Chr 8:10 even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Gen 40:2 + 5 t., שַׂר הָאוֺפוֺת Gen 40:2 + 4 t. (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֺת 1Chr 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר 1Chr 27:28 שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Dan 1:7; Dan 1:8; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:10; Dan 1:11; Dan 1:18 שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jer 51:59.
b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Gen 39:21; Gen 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Gen 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1Sam 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exod 1:11 (J); compare 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 29:6; 1Chr 27:31; 1Chr 28:1. — In 1Chr 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for ᵑ0 בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so ᵐ5 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר

Qal. 5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5; 2Chr 36:14 הַלְוִיִּם ׳שׂ 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:22; 2Chr 35:9, compare 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6; 1Chr 15:7; 1Chr 15:8; 1Chr 15:10 (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1Chr 24:5, אֱלֹהִים ׳שׂ v1Chr 24:5 — ׳שָׂרֵי ק Isa 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי ᵐ5 Houb Klo Che^Hpt Gr (substantially).

6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, ׳שׂ ׳שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ 1Chr 27:22; 1Chr 29:6, compare 1Chr 28:1 apparently = elders, הָעָם ׳שׂ Ezek 11:1; 2Chr 24:23 ׳שׂ alone, Ps 68:28 (3 t. in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2; Neh 4:10; Neh 10:1; Neh 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8; Ezra 10:14 called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Neh 12:31; Neh 12:32 of district-rulers Neh 3:9; Neh 3:12; Neh 3:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 3:16; Neh 3:17; Neh 3:18; Neh 3:19 of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֺת Ezra 8:29; 1Chr 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי ׳הָא 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 27:1; Neh 7:70).

7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Isa 23:8 (compare 'merchant- princes'), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (|| נְגִירִים), Job 34:19; Ps 45:17; Ps 82:7; Ps 148:11, opposed to עבד(יםׅ Prov 19:10; Eccl 10:7 formidable foes Ps 119:23; Ps 119:161.

8. = patron-angel, only Daniel: שַׂר (מַלְכוּת) פָּרַס Dan 10:13; Dan 10:20, יָוָן ׳שׂ vDan 10:20 specifically of מִיכָאֵל vDan 10:13; Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1

9. שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא Dan 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָרָא 1 c; yet see also ׳צ 1 b), so שַׂר שְׂרִים vDan 8:25.

BDB8349 H7786 H8323 H3256 H8269

[שָׂרַר] verb denominative (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule; —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַלֿ יִשְׂרָאֵל Judg 9:22 Abimelech ruled over Israel three years; 3 masculine plural שָׂרִים ֗֗֗ יָשׂ֑רוּ Isa 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (|| יִמְלָךְמֶֿלֶךְ), compare Prov 8:16 Participle לִהְיוֺת֗֗֗ שׂרֵר Esth 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֺ. Hithpa`el Imperfect, 2 masculine singular + Infinitive absolute כִּיתִֿשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּםהִֿשְׂתָּרֵר Num 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us. — יָסֹר 1Chr 15:22 see יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph`il Perfect 3 plural metaplastic הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges^{«GKC:67v»§ 67v}) Hos 8:4 they made princes (absolute; || הִמְלִיכוּ). p. 415f, 978

princes, captains, captain, chief, rulers, …

śar

a head person (of any rank or class)

prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain

chieftain, leader

נְאֻם

Root word saith, said, spake

Dictionary form: נְאֻם · neh-OOM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: saith

saith ×260 me saith ×25 thee saith ×14 you saith ×12 them saith ×11 it saith ×8 hath said ×4 against me saith ×3

More options

declares — Most natural modern rendering; fits prophetic formulas well.

says — Everyday present tense; slightly less formal than 'declares'.

proclaims — Emphasizes public, authoritative announcement.

utterance — Use as a noun when the formula stands alone, e.g. 'utterance of the LORD'.

oracle — Noun option; highlights divine, prophetic character of the speech.

affirms — Stresses solemn confirmation; good for oath-like contexts.

BDB4915 H5002

נְאֻם₃₇₆ noun masculine utterance (Ba^{NB 82 e} Kö^{Lgb ii. 501 > older explanation as} Passive participle); — ׳נ always thus, as construct: —

1. utterance, declaration, revelation, of prophet in ecstatic state בלעם ׳נ Num 24:3; Num 24:15 שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל ׳נ vNum 24:4 vNum 24:6 הַגֶּבֶר ׳נ vNum 24:3 vNum 24:15; 2Sam 23:1; Prov 30:1 דוד ׳נ 2Sam 23:1 פֶּשַׁע ׳נ Ps 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with prophetic voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֺ); elsewhere always

2. before divine names (except Jer 23:31 see verb): יהוה ׳נ utterance, declaration of ׳י (prophet citing divine word given through him), Gen 22:16 (J), Num 14:28 (P), 2Kgs 9:26 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 19:33 = Isa 37:34; 2Kgs 22:19 = 2Chr 34:27; Isa 14:22; Isa 30:1; Isa 31:9; Ezek 13:6; Ezek 13:7; Ezek 16:58; Ezek 37:14; Hos 2:15; Hos 2:18; Hos 2:23; Hos 11:11; Mic 5:9; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3; Zeph 1:10; Zeph 3:8; Zech 8:17; Zech 10:12; Zech 11:6; Zech 12:1; Zech 12:4; Zech 13:8; Mal 1:2 + Isa² 12 t.; Jeremiah 162 t.; Amos 14 t.; Haggai 5 t.; Zech¹ (Zech 1:1-8:200) 6 t.; followed by אלהי ישׂראל 1Sam 2:30; Isa 17:6 אֱלֹהֵי ׳י (הַ)צְבָאוֺת Amos 6:8; Amos 6:14 צְבָאוֺת ׳י ׳נ Isa 14:22; Isa 14:23; Isa 17:3; Isa 22:25; Jer 8:3; Jer 25:29; Jer 30:8; Jer 49:26; Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; + Haggai 5 t.; Zech¹ (Zech 1:1-8:200) 7 t.; followed by אלהי ישׂראל Zeph 2:9 ׳צ ׳האדון י Isa 1:24; Isa 19:4 ׳אֶלֹהֵי הַצּ ׳אֲדֹנָי י Amos 3:13 ׳צ ׳אדני י Isa 3:15; Jer 49:5 ׳צ ׳הַמֶּלֶךְ י Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 57:57 אדני יהוה ׳נ Isa 56:8; Jer 2:22; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Amos 8:11 + Ezekiel 82 t. נְאֻם begins sentence only Isa 56:8; Ps 110:1 often in middle Isa 49:18; Amos 3:10 +; most frequently at end Isa 54:17; Amos 2:11; Amos 4:3 +; found in all prophets except Habakkuk, Jonah; not in H D of Hexateuch, Chronicles (except || Kings), Daniel, Job or the five Megilloth.

saith, said, spake

nĕʾum

an oracle

(Qal) utterance, declaration (of prophet)

utterance, declaration, revelation (of prophet in ecstatic state)

יְהוָֽה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqq1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7760

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Grammar Ncmsc/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3678

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Grammar R/Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5867

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Grammar C/Vhq1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6

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Grammar R/D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8033

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Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4428

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Grammar C/Ncmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8269

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Grammar Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5002

Word Breakdown

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Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV