Job 14:19

אֲבָנִ֤ים שָׁ֥חֲקוּ מַ֗יִם תִּשְׁטֹֽף סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ עֲפַר אָ֑רֶץ וְתִקְוַ֖ת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ
The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

אֲבָנִ֤ים
אֲבָנִ֤ים
Root word stones, stone, weights, weight, stony, …
Dictionary form: אֶבֶן · eh-BEN

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the stones
stones ×65 stone ×30 the stones ×18 of stone ×16 a stone ×14 of stones ×12 the stone ×11 and stone ×9
More options
stone — Most versatile; works for material, object, or single unit.
rock — Prefer for large, immovable, or naturally occurring stones.
boulder — Use when size or mass is emphasized in context.
weight — Use when context is commerce or measurement (scales).
gemstone — Use when context is precious or decorative stones.
slingstone — Use specifically in battle or weapon-related contexts.

BDB58 H68 H72

BDB57 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB59

אֶ֫בֶן274 noun feminineGen 29:2 (masculine1Sam 17:40 ?) stone (Assyrian abnu, = the sharp, projecting ? see DlW, Pr 107; Phoenician אבן; Aramaic אֶבֶן, ; Ethiopic Sabean [ ם]אבנ DHMZMG 1883, 341) — ׳א absolute Gen 28:22 +; אָ֑בֶן Gen 11:3 +; construct Gen 49:24 +; suffix אַבְנוֺ 2Kgs 3:25 אֲבָנִים Gen 31:46 +, etc.; — a stone (large or small).

1. in natural state, used as pillow Gen 28:11; Gen 28:18 (E); seat Exod 17:12 (E); cover of well Gen 29:2; Gen 29:3 (twice in verse); Gen 29:8; Gen 29:10 (J); causing one to stumble Isa 8:14 marring good ground 2Kgs 3:19; 2Kgs 3:25 hand-missle Exod 21:18 (JE) Num 35:17; Num 35:23 (P) 2Sam 16:6; 2Sam 16:13, especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם Lev 20:2; Lev 20:27; Lev 24:23; Num 14:10; Num 15:35; Num 15:36; Josh 7:25 a (all P), so also Deut 21:21; 2Chr 24:21; Ezek 16:40; Ezek 23:47 compare 1Kgs 12:18 = 2Chr 10:18 with verb סָקַל Deut 13:11; Deut 17:5; Deut 22:21; Deut 22:24; Deut 1:13 also Josh 7:25b (J E or D); sling-stones Judg 20:16; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 17:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:50; 2Chr 26:14 hurled by engines 2Chr 26:15 set up for inscribing law Deut 27:2; Deut 27:4; Deut 27:8; Josh 8:32 (all D); as memorial Josh 4:3; Josh 4:5; Josh 4:6; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:8; Josh 4:9; Josh 4:20; Josh 4:21 (J E D) 1Sam 7:12 as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gen 28:18; Gen 35:14 (anointed with oil), Gen 28:22 (= בֵּיתאֵל) compare ׳(רֹעֶה) א יִשְׂרָאֵל Gen 49:24 (see Di); as witness Gen 31:45 compare Josh 24:26; Josh 24:27 (all J E); plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Josh 7:26 (see Di) Josh 8:29 compare Josh 10:18; Josh 10:27 (JE) 2Sam 18:17 גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Gen 31:46 (twice in verse) (JE); built into altar Exod 20:25; Deut 27:5; Deut 27:6 (J E D) Josh 8:31; 1Kgs 18:31; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:38 compare 2Kgs 23:15 ᵐ5 Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית ׳א Lev 26:1 (H) ;גדולה ׳א where ark rested 1Sam 6:14; 1Sam 6:15 also v1Sam 6:18 (ᵑ0 אבל q. v.); (see for other note-worthy stones
9. below
2. stone, as material, of tablets Exod 24:12; Exod 31:18; Exod 34:1 (plural) vExod 34:4 vExod 34:4 (JE) Deut 4:13; Deut 5:19; Deut 9:9; Deut 9:10; Deut 9:11; Deut 10:1; Deut 10:3 of vessels, hence probably Exod 7:19 (P; ׳א = vessels of stone || עצים) see Di; idols (|| עץ) Deut 4:28; Deut 28:36; Deut 28:64; Deut 29:16; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19 also Jer 3:9; Ezek 20:32 pavement 2Kgs 16:17 edifice 1Kgs 6:7 compare Gen 11:3 also 2Sam 5:11; 2Kgs 12:13; 1Chr 22:15 often plural of (worked) stones Lev 14:40; Lev 14:42 (twice in verse); Lev 14:43; Lev 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2Kgs 22:6 +, compare of city-wall Neh 3:35 of (ruined) city 1Kgs 15:22; Neh 3:34 tomb Isa 14:19 אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֺת (costly building-stones) 1Kgs 5:31; 1Kgs 7:9; 1Kgs 7:10; 1Kgs 7:11 (see also below 3); אַבְנֵיֿ שַׁיִשׁ = marble (see ᵐ5) 1Chr 29:2 אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1Kgs 5:31; 1Chr 22:2; Ezek 40:42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית; מַחְצֵב ׳א 2Kgs 12:13; 2Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 2:11 foundation-stone, corner-stone Isa 28:16; Jer 51:26; Job 38:6; Ps 118:22 cap-stone, completing the building, הָרִאשֹׁנָה ׳הָא Zech 4:7 (but see רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה Ps 118:22 as above), Zech 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see GutheZPV 1890, 129; stone-cutters ׳חָרָשֵׁי א 2Sam 5:11; 1Chr 22:15 ׳חֹצְבֵי הָא 2Kgs 12:13 compare 1Chr 22:2.
3. precious stones, generally with modifying word יְקָרָה ׳א collective 2Sam 12:30; 1Kgs 10:2 + often (see 2); הַשֹּׁהַם ׳א Gen 2:12 (J) compare Exod 25:7; Exod 28:9; Exod 35:9; Exod 35:27; Exod 39:6 (P) 1Chr 29:2 מִלֻּאִים ׳א Exod 25:7; Exod 35:9; Exod 35:27 compare 1Chr 29:2 סַפִּיר ׳א Ezek 1:26; Ezek 10:1 אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Isa 54:12 חֵפֶץ ׳א ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּח וְרִקְמָה 1Chr 29:2 חֵן ׳א Prov 17:8 on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezek 28:14; Ezek 28:16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išâti (?) see DlPa 118 & W 40; but Sm and others thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifier Exod 25:7; Exod 35:9 ׳חָרַשׁ א engraver in stone Exod 28:11 compare Exod 31:5; Exod 35:33 (P).
4. stones containing metal, = ore, Deut 8:9 (see Di) Job 28:2 compare vJob 28:3.
5. a weight, originally stone (see Prov 27:3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵיכִֿיס Prov 16:11 (compare Assyrian DlW 38); הַמֶּלֶח ׳א 2Sam 14:26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare COTGen 23:16); ׳וָא ׳א Deut 25:13; Prov 20:10; Prov 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mic 6:11 just weights אַבְנֵיצֶֿדֶק Lev 19:36 שְׁלֵמָה ׳א Prov 11:1 hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zech 5:8.
6. plummet Isa 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2Kgs 21:13; Amos 7:7; Amos 7:8); also made of metal הַבְּדִּיל ׳הא Zech 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).
7. objects like stones; particle hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Josh 10:11 compare Isa 30:30 אֶלְגָּבִישׁ ׳א Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:18; Ezek 38:22 but also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֺת Josh 10:11 (E) (compare Assyrian DlW 38); lime-stones אַבְנֵיגִֿר Isa 27:9.
8. in simile (mostly poetry) of sinking in water Exod 15:5 = Neh 9:11 motionlessness Exod 15:16 strength Job 6:12 firmness Job 41:16 solidity (of ice) Job 38:30 in prose, of commonness 1Kgs 10:27; 2Chr 1:15 also metaphor of one in fear 1Sam 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare Exod 15:16 above); ׳לֵב הָא = perverse, hard heart Ezek 11:19; Ezek 36:26 אַבְנֵינֵֿזֶר Zech 9:16 (of ransomed Israel) — ׳א personified Hab 2:11 compare vHab 2:19 compare Ezek 13:11 (see 7 above)
9. In topographic terms (nearly = proper name); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Josh 15:6; Josh 18:17 הָעֶזֶר ׳א 1Sam 5:1 compare 1Sam 7:12, also 1Sam 4:1 (We Dr); ׳הָא הָאָ֑זֶל 1Sam 20:19, read הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאז see ᵐ5 here & v1Sam 20:41 (We Dr Klo); הַזֹּחֶלֶת ׳א 1Kgs 1:9 (where WeSkizzen III, 171 compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

BDB7736 H68 H5045

BDB7735 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7737

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1Sam 20:19 (for אבן), v1Sam 20:41 (for ננב), ᵐ5 (αρ σαβ, ερσαβ), Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS.

BDB9268 H68 H69

BDB9267 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9269

אֶ֫בֶן noun feminineDan 2:34 stone (Biblical Hebrew id.); — absolute׳א Dan 2:34 +; emphatic אַבְנָא vDan 2:35 —

1. a (the) stone Dan 2:34; Dan 2:35; Dan 2:45; Dan 6:18.
2. stone, material of idols Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23 of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

stones, stone, weights, weight, stony, …
ʾeben
a stone
  • stone (large or small)
    • common stone (in natural state)
      • "stone, as material
      • of tablets
        • "marble, hewn stones
      precious stones, stones of fire"stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon"weight"plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal"stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice"sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines"(simile)
      • sinking in water, motionlessness
        • "strength, firmness, solidity"commonness
      (metaphorically)
      • petrified with terror
        • "perverse, hard heart

שָׁ֥חֲקוּ
שָׁ֥חֲקוּ
Root word beat, wear
Dictionary form: שָׁחַק · shaw-HAHK

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: wear
then did i beat ×2 and thou shalt beat ×1 wear ×1
More options
grind — Best for reducing to powder or fine dust.
pulverize — Emphatic; stresses complete destruction into particles.
crush — Good for forceful, violent breaking down.
pound — Suits repeated, percussive action (grain, metal).
wear away — Best for gradual erosion over time.
beat fine — Captures both action and result; close to KJV but modernized.

BDB8601 H7833

BDB8600 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8602

[שָׁחַק] verb rub away, beat fine, pulverize (so Arabic , worn garment, thin clouds; Aramaic שְׁחַק, pilverize; Ecclus שחק Eccl 6:36 is go often (wear by treading), Str compare iter terere); —

Qal Perfect 3 plural אֲבָּנִים שָֽׁחֲקוּ מַיִם Job 14:19 waters rub away stones; 2 masculine singular וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ Exod 30:36 (P; of pulverizing incense, see דקק Hiph`il); figurative, accusative of foes, Imperfect 1 singular suffix וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם 2Sam 22:43 (||) = Ps 18:43.

beat, wear
šāḥaq
to comminate (by trituration or attrition)
  • to rub away, beat fine, pulverise
    • (Qal)
      • to rub away
        • of incense, stones
          • "of enemies (figuratively)

מַ֗יִם
מַ֗יִם
Root word water, waters, watersprings, washing, waterflood, …
Dictionary form: מַיִם · ma-YIM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the waters
the waters ×92 water ×89 waters ×64 of water ×43 the water ×33 of waters ×19 in water ×15 with water ×14
More options
water — Most versatile; suits singular, collective, or general references.
waters — Prefer for seas, rivers, or poetic/cosmic imagery.
flood — Use when context emphasizes overwhelming or destructive flow.
spring water — Clarifies a natural source when context demands specificity.
washing water — Suits ritual purification or cleansing contexts.

BDB4535 H4325

BDB4534 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4536

II. [מוֺ] = מַי water.

BDB4612 H4325

BDB4611 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4613

[מַי]580 noun masculine2Sam 14:14 only plural מַ֫יִם waters, water (Late Hebrew id.; MI23 [ין]מ; SI5 המים; Aramaic מַיָּא, מַיִּין, Assyrian mû, plural mê, also mâmu DlHWB 394; Arabic Ethiopic , plural ; Sabean [מו], מום plural מון, Minaean [מה], plural מהן DHM6th Or. Congr. (Leiden) ii. 1, 451 f. (see on these forms BaZMG xiii.1888, 341 ff.)); — מַ֫יִם (מָ֑יִם) Gen 1:2 +; הַמַּ֫יְמָה Exod 7:15; Exod 8:16 construct מֵי Gen 7:7 + 71 t.; מֵימֵי Exod 4:9 + 10 t. + Qr 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 suffix מֵימַי Hos 2:7 + 1Sam 25:11 (but read here יֵינִי ᵐ5 Ew Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu); מֵימֶ֫יךָ Exod 23:25 + 3 t.; מֵימָיו Num 20:8 + 6 t.; מֵימֶיהָ Jer 6:7; Jer 50:38 מֵימֵינוּ Lam 5:4 מֵימֵיהֶם Exod 7:19 + 4 t.; — waters, water (c. adjective plural Gen 26:19; Exod 15:10; Lev 14:5; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:50 + often, so always with adjective; also with plural participle Num 5:18; Num 5:19; Num 5:24; 2Kgs 3:20 +; with plural pronoun Num 20:13; Num 27:14; 2Kgs 2:21 +; compare suffix Josh 4:18 before plural verb Gen 1:9; Gen 1:20; Gen 1:21; Gen 7:17 + often; after plural verb Josh 3:13; Isa 28:17; Prov 9:17; Ezek 31:4 +; rarely with singular verb; before, Gen 9:15; Lev 11:34; Num 20:2; Num 24:7; Num 33:14; 2Kgs 3:9 after, Num 19:13; Num 19:20); —

1. a. water of a spring or well (עַיִן, בְּאֵר) Gen 16:7; Gen 24:11; Gen 24:13 (twice in verse); Gen 24:43; Exod 15:27 (twice in verse) (J), Gen 21:19; Gen 21:25; Num 20:17; Num 21:16 (E), etc.; for drinking, also Amos 4:8; Amos 8:11; Jonah 3:7 + often; out of rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:8 (twice in verse); Num 20:10; Num 20:11 (P), Deut 8:15 etc.; מֵי מְרִיבָה (RSSemitic i. 165; 2nd ed. 181) Num 20:13; Num 20:24; Num 27:14 (P), Deut 33:8; Ps 81:8; Ps 106:32 compare Deut 32:51; Ezek 47:19; Ezek 48:28 for washing (hands, feet, person) Gen 18:4; Gen 24:32; Gen 43:24 (J), 2Kgs 3:11; Exod 29:4; Exod 30:20; Lev 15:5; Lev 15:6 + (P); (victims) Lev 1:9; Lev 1:13; Lev 8:21 (P); (vessels) Lev 6:21; Lev 12:32; Lev 12:34 (P); (garments) Lev 15:17; Num 19:8 (P); for cooking Exod 12:9 (P), compare Isa 64:1; Ezek 24:3 (symbolic); for purification Num 8:7 (מֵי חַטָּאת) Num 19:9 (מֵי נִדָּה), compare vNum 19:13 vNum 19:18 vNum 19:20 vNum 19:21 vNum 19:31; Num 31:23 (twice in verse) (all P), Ezek 36:25 (figurative).
  b. of a river, Nile Exod 2:10; Exod 4:9 (twice in verse) (J), Jer 2:18 etc.; Jordan Josh 3:8 (D), vJosh 3:15 vJosh 3:16 (JE), etc.; Euphrates Isa 8:7 (figurative), Jer 2:18 Ezekiel's river Ezek 47:1 (twice in verse); Ezek 47:2 +, etc.; of streams, canals, etc., especially, as condition of fertility Deut 8:7; Deut 10:7; Isa 1:30; Prov 30:16; 2Kgs 3:17 +, etc.
  c. of sea Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Red Sea Exod 15:8; Exod 15:10; Exod 15:19 (song), Exod 14:21; Exod 14:22; Exod 14:26 + (P), Josh 2:10 (D), etc.
  d. of flood Gen 7:7; Gen 7:10; Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:8; Gen 8:9; Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 6:17; Gen 7:6; Gen 7:17; Gen 7:18 (twice in verse); Gen 7:19; Gen 8:5; Gen 9:11; Gen 9:15 (P); so מֵינֹֿחַ Isa 54:9 (twice in verse) waters of Noah.
  e. subterranean Exod 20:4 (E), Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8, compare Job 26:5; Ps 136:6. feminine in clouds Jer 10:13; Job 26:8; Ps 29:3 (twice in verse); Ps 104:3; Ps 148:4, etc.
  g. of rain Judg 5:4; 2Sam 21:10; Deut 11:11; Ps 65:10; Job 5:10 (|| מָטָר), etc.
  h. of dew Judg 6:38.
  i. primÊval deep Gen 1:2; Gen 1:6 (P).
2. with proper names, of location (q. v.), to denote springs, streams, or seas belonging to, near, such places: מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Exod 7:19; Exod 8:2 מֵי מְרִיבָה (see above 1 a); מֵי מֵרוֺם Josh 11:5; Josh 11:7 מֵי עֵיןשֶֿׁמֶשׁ Josh 15:7 מֵי נֶפְתּוֺחַ Josh 15:9; Josh 18:15 מֵי יְרִיחוֺ Josh 16:1 מֵי מְגִּדּוֺ Judg 5:19 מֵי נִמְרִ(י)ם Isa 15:6; Jer 48:34 מֵי דִימוֺן Isa 15:9 compare מֵי הַשִּׁלֹּחַ Isa 8:6 מֵימֵי גִּיחוֺן הָעֶלְיוֺן 2Chr 32:30 compare also proper name, of a location מִשְׂרְפוֺת מַיִם Josh 11:8; Josh 13:6.
3. special uses are: מֵי רַגְלַיִם water of the feet = urine 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:12 compare מַדְמֵנָה בְּמֵי Isa 25:10 Kt in water of a dunghill (> Qr בְּמוֺ); מַיִם לַחַץ water (which is) distress, because drunk in imprisonment 1Kgs 22:27 (|| לֶחֶם לַחַץ) = 2Chr 18:26 בְּמֵישָֿׁ֑לֶג in snow-water Job 9:30 Qr (Kt במו; Me Hoffm Siegf כְּמוֺ), מֵימֵי שֶׁלֶג Job 24:19 מַיִם קְדשִׁים Num 5:17 holy water (compare RSSem.165, 2nd ed.181, but text dubious, see Di); מֵי הַמָּרִים bitter water Num 5:18; Num 5:19; Num 5:23; Num 5:24 compare Exod 15:23 (כִּי מָרִים הֵם), opposed to וַיִּמְתְּקוּ הַמַּיִם vExod 15:25 and the waters were sweetened; מֵי חַטָּאת, מֵי נִדָּה see above 1 a; מַיִם חַיִּים living (i.e. running) water Lev 14:5; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:50; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:17, also (figurative) Zech 14:8 (compare Ezek 47), and (figurative) Jer 2:13; Jer 17:13. See also below (compare Num 21:17; Num 21:18 see RSSem.i.127.157; 2nd ed.135,176).
4. among figurative uses are:
  a. of distress Isa 43:2; Ps 66:12 (|| אֵשׁ), Ps 69:2; Lam 3:54 usually many waters 2Sam 22:17 = Ps 18:17, compare Job 22:11; Ps 32:6; Ps 144:7, or deep waters Ps 69:3; Ps 69:15, compare vPs 69:16 also מֵירֿאֹשׁ water of gall Jer 8:14; Jer 9:14; Jer 23:15.
  b. פֶּרֶץ מַיִם 2Sam 5:20 = 1Chr 14:11 of outbursting force.
  c. מַיִם שְׁאוֺן Isa 17:12; Isa 17:13 of rushing nations.
  d. of what is impetuous, violent, overwhelming Isa 28:2; Isa 28:17; Hos 10:7; Job 27:20; Ps 124:4; Ps 124:5; Ps 88:18 simileof impetuousness פַּחַז כַּמַּיִ ם Gen 49:4.
  e. (as running away) of heart in timidity Josh 7:5, compare Ps 22:16, of knees Ezek 7:17; Ezek 21:12. feminine of transitoriness Job 11:16; Job 24:18; Ps 58:8.
  g. of refreshment Isa 32:2; Isa 49:10 spiritual Isa 12:3.
  h. מֵי מְנֻחוֺת Ps 23:2 in figure of rest and peace, compare Jer 31:9.
  i. of reckless bloodshed (poured out like water) Ps 79:3 compare pouring away (and not eating) blood Deut 12:16; Deut 12:24; Deut 15:23.
  j. בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים Song 4:15 figurative of bride; מַיִם מִבּוֺרֶ֑ךָ Prov 5:15 of enjoyment of one's own wife; of harlotry מַיִם גְּנוּבִים Prov 9:17 stolen waters.
  k. of outpoured wrath of ׳י Hos 5:10.
1. of abundant justice Amos 5:24 masculine of outpoured feelings Job 3:24 שִׁפְכִי כַמַּיִם לִבֵךְ Lam 2:19. — Isa 48:1 read probably מִמְּעֵי for ᵑ0 מִמֵּי, so Secker Du CheHpt Skinner, compare Di.

water, waters, watersprings, washing, waterflood, …
mayim
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
  • water, waters
    • water
      • "water of the feet, urine"of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (figuratively)

תִּשְׁטֹֽף
תִּשְׁטֹֽף
Root word overflow, overflowing, rinsed, away, drown, …
Dictionary form: שָׁטַף · shaw-TAHP

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: thou washest away
an overflowing ×3 shall overflow ×3 and shall overflow ×2 overflow ×2 the overflowing ×2 and one washed ×1 and overflow ×1 and rinsed ×1
More options
flood — Most natural modern word for violent surging water.
sweep away — Captures the destructive, carrying-off force of the verb.
surge — Good for rapid, forceful flow without full inundation sense.
inundate — Formal/literary; prefer for large-scale or figurative contexts.
overwhelm — Useful when the subject is abstract (army, enemy, trouble).
rinse — Narrow literal sense; use only for washing/cleansing passages.

BDB8625 H7857

BDB8624 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8626

שָׁטַף verb overflow, rinse or wash off (Late Hebrew id., so Jewish-Aramaic שְׁטַף; Assyrian š atâpu, overflow, Arabic id., Cuche); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Isa 8:8 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1Kgs 22:38, etc.; Participle שׁוֺטֵף Isa 10:22 +, plural שֹׁטְפִים Isa 28:2 —
1. overflow, of river Isa 8:8; Jer 47:2a (see נַחַל), Dan 11:10; Dan 11:40, all figurative of invading army, compare Isa 28:15 (qy. by StaThLz, Apr. 1894, 235, Du Marti read שׁוֺט שֹׁטֵט), vIsa 28:18 (see שׁוֺט), also (simile of ׳י in judgment) vIsa 28:2 (מַיִם), Isa 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֺטֵף צְדָקָה Isa 10:22 with accusative of land Jer 47:2b, person (figurative) Isa 43:2 (נְהָרוֺת), Ps 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), vPs 69:16 (מִיִם ׳שׁ), Ps 124:4 (מַיִם), compare Isa 28:17; Song 8:7 גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֺטֵף flooding rain (of ׳י's judgement) Ezek 11:11; Ezek 11:13; Ezek 38:22 נַחַל שׁוֺטֵף Isa 66:12, simile, in good sense. — Abs. Dan 11:26 see Niph`al — Figurative of dashing, rushing horse, בַּמִּלְחָמָה ׳כְּסוּס שׁוֺ Jer 8:6.
2. flow, run, literal of נַחַל Ps 78:20; 2Chr 32:4.
3. literally, rinse or wash off, with accusative of thing washed 1Kgs 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Lev 15:11 (P); of stain Ezek 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; || רָחַץ); עֲפַראָֿ֑רֶץ Job 14:19. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Lev 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 masculine plural יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Dan 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read probably יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also vDan 11:26 (compare Dr). Pu`al Perfect 3 masculine singular וּמֹרַק וְּשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Lev 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.

overflow, overflowing, rinsed, away, drown, …
šāṭap
to gush; by implication, to inundate, cleanse; by analogy, to gallop, conquer
  • to wash, rinse, overflow, engulf, rinse or wash off
    • (Qal)
      • to overflow
        • "to flow, run"to rinse or wash off
      (Niphal) to be swept away, be rinsed out"(Pual) to be rinsed, be scoured and rinsed

סְפִיחֶ֥י הָ
סְפִיחֶ֥י
Root word grow, groweth, accord
הָ
Suffix — pronoun her / it
Dictionary form: סָפִיחַ · saw-PEE-ah

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the things which grow
such as groweth ×1 such things as grow ×1 that which groweth of its own accord ×1 the things which grow ×1 which groweth ×1
More options
volunteer growth — Agricultural term for untended, self-seeded plants.
self-grown crop — Emphasizes absence of human planting or cultivation.
spontaneous growth — Broader register; suits narrative or poetic contexts.
aftergrowth — Plants sprouting after harvest; precise agrarian nuance.
wild growth — Stresses uncultivated, unmanaged character of the plants.

BDB5673 H5599

BDB5672 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5674

I. [סָפִיחַ] noun [masculine] outpouring ?; — plural suffix תִּשְׁטֹףסְֿפִיחֶיהָ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ Job 14:19 (si vera lectio) its outpourings sweep away the dust of the earth, so most, but dubious; Bu proposes *סְחִיפָה, compare מָטָר סֹחֵף Prov 28:3.

BDB5674 H5599

BDB5673 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5675

II. סָפִיחַ noun [masculine] growth from spilled kernels ((kernels) poured out, accidentally, in harvesting, according to most; BuhlLex 13 and others think of additional growth, √ I. ספח); — it is what springs up of itself in second year, and serves as food when no grain could be sown: absolute ׳ס 2Kgs 19:29 = Isa 37:30 construct סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ Lev 25:5 suffix תִּקְצְרוּ אֶתסְֿפִיחֶיהַ vLev 25:11.

grow, groweth, accord
sāpîaḥ
something (spontaneously) falling off, i.e., a self-sown crop; figuratively, a freshet
  • outpouring
    • "growth from spilled kernels, after-growth, volunteer plants

עֲפַר
עֲפַר
Root word dust, earth, powder, rubbish, morter, …
Dictionary form: עָפָר · aw-PAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: out of the dust
the dust ×23 dust ×13 in the dust ×6 out of the dust ×5 as the dust ×4 and dust ×3 of the dust ×3 and the dust ×2
More options
dust — Modernized KJV core rendering; most universally applicable.
dirt — Earthy, tangible feel; suits lowliness or humble origins.
soil — Prefer when ground/earth sense is primary.
earth — Cosmic or poetic contexts, e.g. 'from earth to earth'.
powder — Best for fine, crushed, or scattered material.
rubble — Suits contexts of ruin, debris, or destruction.

BDB6257 H6083

BDB6256 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6258

עָפָר noun masculineLev 14:42 dry earth, dust; — absolute ׳ע Gen 2:7 +, construct עֲפַר Gen 13:16 +; suffix עֲפָרֵךְ Ezek 26:12, עֲפָרוֺ Deut 9:21, etc.; plural construct עַפְרֹת Job 28:6; Prov 8:26 —

1. literally:
  a. dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) 2Sam 16:13 (|| אֲבָנִים); עַלרֿאֹשׁ ׳וַיַעֲלוּ ע Josh 7:6 (J E; sign of grief), so Ezek 27:30; Lam 2:10, and (with זָרַק) Job 2:12 loose earth (on surface of ground) 1Kgs 18:38; Amos 2:7; Mic 1:10; Isa 34:7; Isa 34:9; Lev 17:13 (H) Ezek 24:7 (in figurative), Num 5:17; Job 14:19; Job 38:38; Job 39:14; Gen 26:15 (R), made into siege works Hab 1:10 of sand-storm Deut 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent's food, token of punishment and humiliation, Gen 3:14 (J) Isa 65:25 (compare Mic 7:17 2 e below); ׳זֹחֲלֵי ע Deut 32:24 (poem; compare 2 e).
  b. specifically as material of human body Gen 2:7; Gen 3:19 (J), Eccl 3:20, compare Job 4:19; Job 8:19; Ps 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶלֿ) Gen 3:19; Job 10:9; Ps 104:29; Eccl 3:20 so (with עַל) Job 34:15; Eccl 12:7.
  c. = surface of ground Exod 8:12; Exod 8:13 (twice in verse); (P; הָאָרַץ ׳ע), Job 19:25; Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5 (both || אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Job 41:25, ׳מְחִלוֺת ע Isa 2:19 (for hiding), so ׳ע alone vIsa 2:10, compare ׳חֹרֵי ע Job 30:6 = soil, Job 5:6; Job 14:8.
  d. powder of anything pulverized Deut 9:21 (twice in verse) (compare דָּ֑ק || Exod 32:20), 2Kgs 23:6 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 23:12; 2Kgs 23:15, so in simile 2Sam 22:43 = Ps 18:43, hence = ashes vPs 18:4; Num 19:17.
  e. debris, of ruined city 1Kgs 20:10; Ezek 26:4; Ezek 26:12; Neh 3:34; Neh 4:4; Ps 102:15. The following are late: feminine earth of the grave: אֶשְׁכַּב ׳לֶע Job 7:21, so (with עַל) Job 20:11; Job 21:26, compare Job 17:16 ׳יוֺרְדֵי ע Ps 22:30, ׳שֹׁכְנֵי ע Isa 26:19, ׳יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַתעֿ Dan 12:2 עֲפַרמָֿוֶת Ps 22:16 ׳ע in figure Ps 30:10.
  g. mortar (i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses Lev 14:41; Lev 14:42; Lev 14:45 (P).
  h. (iron-) ore Job 28:2 עַפְרֹת זָהָב vJob 28:6 gold-dust (but see סַפִּיר).
  i. material of earth Isa 40:12, compare ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Prov 8:26 the first of the earth particles of the world.
2. figurative:
  a. of abundance Gen 13:16 (twice in verse); Gen 28:14 (all J) 2Chr 1:9; Job 27:16; Ps 78:27 (|| חוֺל יַמִּים), compare עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Num 23:10 (JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zeph 1:7; Zech 9:3.
  b. of worthlessness (alone) Job 22:24.
  c. simile of the scattered, dispersed 2Kgs 13:7 ׳כֶּע Isa 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer ׳כֵּע; on meaning see Du Che, reading תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן).
  d. of self-abasement Gen 18:27 (+ אֵפַר), ׳וְנִחַמְתִּי עַלעֿ וָאֵפֶר Job 42:6, פִּיהוּ ׳יִתֵּן בֶּע Lam 3:29.
  e. of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Isa 47:1 compare Isa 29:4 (twice in verse), Job 16:15; Job 40:13; Ps 7:6; Ps 44:26; Ps 119:25, simile Job 30:19 licking dust Ps 72:9; Isa 49:23; Mic 7:17, compare Tel Amarna tikalu ipra (of enemies, see WklAltor. Forsch. iii. 291; also of serpent 1 a above); of ׳י raising from the dust 1Sam 2:8 = Ps 113:7, 1Kgs 16:2 of lifting oneself Isa 52:2.

dust, earth, powder, rubbish, morter, …
ʿāpār
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
  • dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
    • dry or loose earth
      • "debris"mortar"ore

אָ֑רֶץ
אָ֑רֶץ
Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the earth
the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43
More options
land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.
earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).
ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.
country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.
region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.
world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

BDB779 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB781

אֶ֫רֶץ2407 noun feminineGen 10:11 & (seldom) masculineGen 13:16 earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COTGloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os9 DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ  ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
  b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
  c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.
2. land =
  a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
  b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
  c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
  d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
  e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
  g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr10. 65); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.
3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
  b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.
4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
  a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
  b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
  c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
  d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
  e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.
5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (JR) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
ʾereṣ
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • land, earth
    • earth
      • whole earth (as opposed to a part)
        • "earth (as opposed to heaven)"earth (inhabitants)
      land
      • country, territory
        • "district, region"tribal territory"piece of ground"land of Canaan, Israel"inhabitants of land"Sheol, land without return, (under) world"city, city-state
      ground, surface of the earth
      • ground
        • "soil
      (in phrases)
      • people of the land
        • "space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)"level or plain country"land of the living"end(s) of the earth
      (almost wholly late in usage)
      • lands, countries
        • often in contrast to Canaan

וְ תִקְוַ֖ת
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תִקְוַ֖ת
Root word hope, expectation, line, expected, for
Dictionary form: תִּקְוָה · tik-WAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the hope
hope ×9 but the expectation ×2 line ×2 of hope ×2 there is more hope ×2 and her hope ×1 and mine hope ×1 and our hope ×1
More options
hope — Most common, broadly applicable rendering.
expectation — Emphasizes anticipation of a specific outcome.
prospect — Suits contexts of future possibility or outlook.
longing — Highlights emotional yearning; good for personal lament.
cord — Literal sense; use only for the physical rope in Josh 2.
future — Fits contexts where hope concerns one's destiny or end.

BDB7350 H8615

BDB7349 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7351

I. [תִּקְוָה] noun feminine cord (compare √ at the beginning); — construct תִּקְוַת ˜חוּט) הַשָּׁנִי Josh 2:18; Josh 2:21.

BDB7351 H8615

BDB7350 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7352

II. תִּקְוָה34 noun feminine hope; — absolute ׳ת Hos 2:17 +; construct תִּקְוַת Job 8:13 +; suffix תִּקְוָתִי Job 6:8 +, etc.; —

1. hope, Jer 31:17; Lam 3:29; Job 5:16; Job 7:6; Job 11:18; Job 11:20; Job 14:7; Job 14:19; Job 17:15a Job 19:10; Ps 62:6; Prov 19:18; Prov 26:12; Prov 29:20; Ruth 1:12 ׳פֶּתַח ת Hos 2:17 ׳אֲסִירֵי הַתּ Zech 9:12 (i.e. with hope of deliverance).
2. = ground of hope Job 4:6; Ps 71:5 (compare Ps 62:6).
3. things hoped for, outcome, Ezek 19:5; Ezek 37:11; Job 6:8; Job 8:13; Job 17:15b (but read טוֺבָתִי ᵐ5 Me Bi Siegf Beer Bu Du), Job 27:8; Ps 9:19; Prov 10:28; Prov 11:7; Prov 11:23; Prov 23:18; Prov 24:14 (strike out Toy as gloss); ׳אַחֲרִית וְת Jer 29:11 (i.e. by hendyadis, the hoped-for future).

hope, expectation, line, expected, for
tiqwâ
literally a cord (as an attachment); figuratively, expectancy
  • cord
    • "hope, expectation
    • hope
      • "ground of hope"things hoped for, outcome

אֱנ֣וֹשׁ
אֱנ֣וֹשׁ
Root word men, man, certain, one, mans, …
Dictionary form: אֱנוֹשׁ · eh-NOHSH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of man
men ×54 the men ×31 and the men ×12 of the men ×9 man ×8 of men ×5 a man ×4 and his men ×4
More options
person — Neutral, inclusive; good default for generic human reference.
human being — Emphasizes shared humanity; suits philosophical or theological contexts.
mortal — Highlights human frailty and finitude; fits poetic or lament passages.
people — Use for plural collective sense; stresses community over individuality.
individual — Useful when singling out one member of a group.
someone — Informal; best for indefinite or unspecified reference.

BDB609 H582

BDB608 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB610

אֱנוֺשׁ noun masculineJob 15:14 man, mankind, mostly in poetry (18 t. Job, 13 t. Psalms, etc.) (Arabic (collective), Aramaic אֱנָשׁ, (collective), Nabataean אנוש Palmyrene אנש Sabean אנס DHMZMG 1883, 330, also Arabic Assyrian nišu, people, & compare tenišêtu, humanity, human race, see COTGloss sub אנשׁ & נשׁ & HptKAT 2.497) — absolute Isa 8:1 +; construct Jer 20:10 —

1. of individ. Job 5:17; Job 13:9; Ps 55:14, compare Isa 13:12 (|| אָדָם) Isa 56:2 (|| בֶּןאֿדם; Jer 20:10 שְׁלֹמִי ׳א man of my peace, i.e. my friend.
2. coll. men Isa 24:6; Isa 33:8; Isa 51:7; Ps 66:12 = men in general; ordinary men Ps 73:5 compare ׳חֶרֶט א i.e. a common stylus Isa 8:1 (see אַמַּת אִישׁ Deut 3:11).
3. man, mankind Deut 32:26; Job 7:1; Job 14:19; Job 28:4; Job 28:13; Job 32:8; Job 33:26; Job 36:25 (|| אָדָם & אֲנָשִׁים vJob 36:24) Ps 56:2 especially opposed to God Job 4:17 (|| גֶּכֶר) Job 7:17; Job 9:2; Job 10:4; Job 10:5; Job 15:14; Job 25:4; Job 33:12; 2Chr 14:10; Ps 8:5 (|| בֶּןאָֿדָם so Isa 51:12; Ps 9:20; Ps 9:21, Ps 90:3 (|| בְּנֵיאָֿדָ; Ps 103:15 ׳בֶּןאֿ Ps 144:3 (|| אָדָם; compare רִמָּה וּבֶןאָֿדָם ׳כִּיאֿ תּוֺלֵעָה Job 25:6 מִןהָֿאָרֶץ ׳א Ps 10:18 ׳כָּללְֿבַב א Isa 13:7 compare Ps 104:15 (twice in verse).

BDB9319 H582

BDB9318 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9320

I. אנשׁ (√ of following; compare Biblical Hebrew II. אנשׁ, אֱנוֺשׁ).

men, man, certain, one, mans, …
ʾĕnôš
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified H0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
  • man, mortal man, person, mankind
    • of an individual
      • "men (collective)"man, mankind

הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ
הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ
Root word perish, destroy, destroyed, perished, lost, …
Dictionary form: אָבַד · aw-BAHD

Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), second person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: and thou destroyest
shall perish ×19 perish ×14 and destroy ×7 is perished ×5 to destroy ×5 and destroyed ×4 and to destroy ×4 perished ×4
More options
perish — Modernized from KJV; best for natural death or ruin.
be destroyed — Passive sense; prefer when an agent causes the end.
be lost — Suits stray animals, people, or things gone missing.
be ruined — Good for contexts of collapse, decay, or total loss.
be wiped out — Vivid; suits judgment or warfare contexts.
vanish — Emphasizes disappearance; fits poetic or metaphorical uses.

BDB6 H6 H8

BDB5 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7

אָבַד verb perish (MI אבד, Assyrian abâtu DlW 184 Aramaic אֲבַד, ). —

Qal Perfect ׳א Num 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ Ps 10:16 + (+ Ezek 6:3 ᵐ5 Co) etc.; Imperfect יאֹבַד Job 3:3; Jer 4:9 יאֹבֵ֑דּ Job 20:7 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תּאֹבַד Deut 22:3 + 4 t.; תּאֹבֵ֑ד Job 8:13 + 3 t.; יאֹבְדוּ Judg 5:31 + 3 t.; יאֹבֵ֑דוּ Job 4:9 +; 3 feminine plural וַתּאֹבַדְנָה 1Sam 9:3 תּאֹבֵדוּן Deut 4:26 +; נאֹבֵ֑ד Jonah 1:6; Jonah 3:9 נאֹבְדָה Jonah 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָבדֹ Deut 4:26 + 2 t.; construct אֲבדֹ Deut 7:20; Prov 11:10 אֲבָדְךָ Deut 28:20 אָבְדֶ֑ךָ Deut 28:22 אֲבָדְכֶם Josh 23:13 אָבְדָם Obad 1:12; Prov 28:28 Participle אוֺבֵד Deut 26:5 + 7:t.; construct אֹבַד Deut 32:28 (before ע ? see Di. Bö§ 378); etc.
1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Num 17:27 (|| נוע & (v.Num 17:28) מות, (also Deut 26:5 ? compare below) Jonah 1:6; Jonah 1:14; Job 31:19 compare Job 29:13; Prov 31:6; Esth 4:14; Esth 4:16 (twice in verse); Mic 4:9; Jer 40:15 compare Isa 57:1; Prov 11:10; Prov 28:28; Eccl 7:15; Ps 119:92 emphasis on mortality Job 4:20; Ps 146:4; Eccl 9:6 Saul & Jonathan, under figure of weapons 2Sam 1:27 lion Job 4:11 caravan Job 6:18 (compare Di); compare מִןהָֿאָרֶץ חָסִיד ׳א Mic 7:2, מֶלֶח מֵעַזָּה ׳וא Zech 9:5 perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lev 26:38; Deut 8:19 (twice in verse); Deut 8:20; Deut 28:20; Deut 20:22; Deut 30:18 (twice in verse); Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15 compare Jer 6:21; Obad 1:12 compare Ps 80:17; Isa 27:13 other nations Deut 7:20; Jer 10:15; Jer 51:18; Ps 2:12; Ps 10:16; Ps 83:18 compare Ps 9:4; Amos 1:8; Isa 41:11; Isa 60:12 compare Jonah 3:9 see also Exod 10:7; Num 21:29; Num 21:30 (JE) Jer 48:46 house of Ahab 2Kgs 9:8 wicked in general Judg 5:31; Job 4:9 compare vJob 4:7, Ps 37:20; Ps 49:11; Ps 68:3 (|| simile of melting wax), Ps 73:27; Ps 92:10 also Prov 19:9; Prov 21:18 ׳לָנֶצַח א Job 20:7 compare ׳דֶּרֶח רְשָׁעִים א Ps 1:6 followed by מֵעַל הָאָ֑רֶץ (of annihilation of Israel) Deut 4:26 (twice in verse); Deut 11:17; Josh 23:13; Josh 23:16 (D); followed by מִתּוֺח הַקָּהָל (of Korah's company) Num 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Jer 9:11 (|| נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר compare Jer 48:8 harvest Joel 1:11 Jonah's gourd Jonah 4:10 riches Jer 48:36; Eccl 5:13 vessel Ps 31:13 houses Amos 3:15 (so often Assyrian Dlw); city Ezek 26:17 (but strike out ᵐ5 Co); compare bamôth Ezek 6:3 ᵐ5 Co; heavens & earth Ps 102:27.
2. figurative perish, vanish, subject memory Job 18:17; Ps 9:7 name Ps 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Job 30:2 wisdom Isa 29:14 compare אֹבַד עֵצוֺת Deut 32:28 אֱמוּנָה Jer 7:28 (|| נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֺן Ezek 12:22 יוֺם Job 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Jer 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה Ps 9:19; Prov 10:28; Prov 11:7; Ezek 19:5; Ezek 37:11; Job 8:13 so תַּאֲוָה Ps 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֺחֶלֶת Prov 11:7, followed by מִן + agent Lam 3:18 עֵצָה + תּוֺרָה followed by מן + persons negligent Jer 18:18; Ezek 7:26, compare Jer 49:7 especially מָנוֺס מִןֿ ׳א (i.e. they could not escape) Amos 2:14; Jer 25:35; Job 11:20; Ps 142:5.
3. be lost, strayed, asses 1Sam 9:3; 1Sam 9:20 sheep Jer 50:6; Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16; Ps 119:176 (figurative of erring men); perhaps Deut 26:5. Pi`el causative of Qal. — Perfect אִבַּד 2Kgs 21:3 + 2 t.; suffix וְאִבֶּדְךָ Co Ezek 28:16 compare below; אִבַּדְתִּי Jer 15:7 וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ezek 6:3 (ᵐ5 Co וְאָֽבְּדוּ) etc.; Imperfect יְאַבֵּד Eccl 9:18 וִיאַבֵּד Eccl 7:7; Zeph 2:13 1 singular suffix וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ezek 28:16 (for ׳וָאֲאַבּ Ew§ 72 c Ol§ 79 a Kö I:338 Ges«GKC:68»§ 68 fin; but Co 3 masculine singular; see also Co Ezek 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Deut 12:2 etc.; Infinitive absolute אַבֵּד Deut 12:2 + 3 t.; construct id. Ezek 22:27 + etc.; Participle מְאַבְּדִים Jer 23:1.
1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, object person (mostly late) 2Kgs 11:1; Esth 3:9; Esth 4:7; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:24 || הרג Esth 9:6; Esth 9:12 || הרג + השׁמיד Esth 3:13; Esth 7:4; Esth 8:11 || המם Esth 9:24 compare Ps 119:95 object נְפָשׁוֺת Ezek 22:17 (strike out ᵐ5 Co); in judgment, subject ׳י Ps 5:7 compare Prov 1:32 followed by מִתּוֺח Ezek 28:16 object a people 2Kgs 13:7; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19; Job 12:13 in judgment Deut 11:4; Jer 12:17; Jer 15:7; Zeph 2:13; Ps 9:6 compare Ps 21:11 object inanimate things especially idols, bamôth etc., Num 33:52 (twice in verse); (J) Deut 12:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 21:3; Ezek 6:3 (but compare ᵐ5 Co above); bars of Zion Lam 2:9 (|| שִׁבַּר).
2. figurative cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Deut 12:3 voice of Babylon Jer 51:55 memory of dead Isa 26:14 substance Prov 29:3 understanding Eccl 7:7 good ( טוֺבָה q. v.) Eccl 9:18.
3. cause to stray, lose; object Israel under figure of flock Jer 23:1 (|| הֵפִיץ); absolute Eccl 3:6 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ). Hiph`il Perfect וְהֶאֱבִּיד Num 24:19 הֶאֱבַ֑דְתָּ Job 14:19 etc.; Imperfect אֹבִידָה Jer 46:8 (Ges«GKC:68»§ 68, 2 R. 1). Infinitive construct הַאֲבִיד 2Kgs 10:19 + etc.; Participle מַאֲבִיד Deut 8:20.
1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subject ׳י) object person Lev 23:30 (followed by מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; || כָּרַת vLev 23:29); Jer 49:38 (followed by מִשָּׁם); Obad 1:8 (followed by מֵאֱדוֺם); object nation, Ammon Ezek 25:7 (followed by מןהֿארצות; || כָּרַת), compare vEzek 25:16 Canaanites Deut 8:20 (followed by מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zeph 2:5 (|| כָּרַת); especially Israel Deut 28:51; Deut 28:63 (|| הִשְׁמִיד), compare Josh 7:7 also absolute Jer 18:7 (|| לִנְתוֺשׁ וְלִנְתוֺץ); = Jer 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֺס) = Jer 31:28 (+ וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ezek 32:13 (followed by מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); compare Deut 7:10; Ps 143:12 (|| הִצְמִית); (human subject), object servants of Baal 2Kgs 10:19, object nation Deut 9:3, compare Num 24:19 (E; followed by מֵעִיר); 2Kgs 24:2 compare Jer 46:8 object inanimate, chariots Mic 5:9 idols Ezek 30:13 (strike out B Co).
2. figurative, object name of kings Deut 7:24 (followed by מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Job 14:19 voice of mirth etc. Jer 25:10 (compare Jer 51:55 Pi`el above)

BDB9265 H6 H7

BDB9264 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9266

[אֲבַד] verb perish (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al mpl. 3 masculine plural יֵאבַ֫דוּ (not וּן- see K§ 26, 1) Jer 10:11 they shall persish, pass away. Haph`el (Old Aramaic האבד Lzb205 Cooke189) destoy: Imperfect 2 masculine singular אַלתְּֿהוֺבֵד (K§ 41 c) Dan 2:24(c.ל person); 3 masculine plural יְהוֺבְדוּן vDan 2:18(indefinite subject; accusative of person); Infinitive לְהוֺבָדָא vDan 2:12 vDan 2:24 (both with ל person), דָה- Dan 7:26 (absolute). Hoph`al (K§ 41 c WCG 225) be destroyed: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּבַד Dan 7:11.

perish, destroy, destroyed, perished, lost, …
ʾābad
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
  • perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed
    • (Qal)
      • perish, die, be exterminated
        • "vanish (figuratively)"be lost, strayed
      (Piel)
      • to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate
        • "to blot out (figuratively), do away with (figuratively), cause to vanish (figuratively)"cause to stray, lose
      (Hiphil)
      • to destroy, put to death
        • of divine judgment
        object name of kings (figuratively)

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
אֲבָנִ֤ים שָׁ֥חֲקוּ מַ֗יִם Revia Gadol — a lesser break תִּשְׁטֹֽף סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ עֲפַר אָ֑רֶץ Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְתִקְוַ֖ת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ Silluq — end of the verse

אֲבָנִים׀ שָׁחֲקוּ מַיִם תִּשְׁטֹֽף-סְפִיחֶיהָ עֲפַר-אָרֶץ וְתִקְוַת אֱנוֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ׃
19
The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man.
Cross References

Job 19:10

יִתְּצֵנִי סָבִיב וָאֵלַךְ וַיַּסַּע כָּעֵץ תִּקְוָתִֽי׃
10
He hath destroyed me on every side, and I am gone: and mine hope hath he removed like a tree.

Job 27:8

כִּי מַה-תִּקְוַת חָנֵף כִּי יִבְצָע כִּי יֵשֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃
8
For what is the hope of the hypocrite, though he hath gained, when God taketh away his soul?

Job 7:6

יָמַי קַלּוּ מִנִּי-אָרֶג וַיִּכְלוּ בְּאֶפֶס תִּקְוָֽה׃
6
My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle, and are spent without hope.

Genesis 6:17

וַֽאֲנִי הִנְנִי מֵבִיא אֶת-הַמַּבּוּל מַיִם עַל-הָאָרֶץ לְשַׁחֵת כָּל-בָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמָיִם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר-בָּאָרֶץ יִגְוָֽע׃
17
And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die.

Genesis 7:21

וַיִּגְוַע כָּל-בָּשָׂר׀ הָֽרֹמֵשׂ עַל-הָאָרֶץ בָּעוֹף וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבַחַיָּה וּבְכָל-הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵץ עַל-הָאָרֶץ וְכֹל הָֽאָדָֽם׃
21
And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man:

Luke 12:19

καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου Ψυχή ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα εἰς ἔτη πολλά· ἀναπαύου φάγε πίε εὐφραίνου
19
And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry.

Ezekiel 37:11

וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי בֶּן-אָדָם הָעֲצָמוֹת הָאֵלֶּה כָּל-בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה הִנֵּה אֹמְרִים יָבְשׁוּ עַצְמוֹתֵינוּ וְאָבְדָה תִקְוָתֵנוּ נִגְזַרְנוּ לָֽנוּ׃
11
Then he said unto me, Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost: we are cut off for our parts.

Psalms 30:6

וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְשַׁלְוִי בַּל-אֶמּוֹט לְעוֹלָֽם׃
6
And in my prosperity I said, I shall never be moved.
Job 14:18
Read Job 14
Job 14:20