Job 19:12

יַ֤חַד

Adverb together, altogether, alike, withal, likewise, …

Dictionary form: יַחַד · ya-HAHD

Adverb

In the KJV here: together

together ×106 alike ×4 them together ×3 altogether ×2 it together ×2 likewise ×2 of them together ×2 are altogether ×1

More options

together — Most direct modern equivalent; broad everyday use.

as one — Emphasizes unity or collective action; slightly formal.

all at once — Highlights simultaneity; useful for temporal contexts.

alike — Prefer when stressing sameness or equal treatment.

in unison — Strong sense of harmony; suits communal or liturgical settings.

united — Adjectival use; stresses solidarity or being joined.

BDB3511 H3162

יַ֫חַד₄₅ noun [masculine] unitedness.

1. as substantive only 1Chr 12:17 (peculiar) יִהְיֶהלִּֿי עֲלֵיכֶֹם לֵבָב לֳי֑חַד I will have a heart toward you for unitedness, i.e. my heart shall be ready to become one with yours (compare v.1Chr 12:38 לב אחד).

2. elsewhere always in accusative as adverb in union, together (compare Arabic in accusative with suffix in his solitariness = alone) —
a. together, of community in action, place, or time (often combined, but one usually more prominent than the others); (1) in action, Job 38:7 בְּרָןיַֿחַד כּוֺכְבֵי אֵל when the stars of God shouted together; Ezra 4:3 we together will build (opposed to you), with נִלְחַם 1Sam 17:10, נִשְׁפַּט Isa 43:26 (2) in place 1Sam 11:11 ולא נשׁארו בם שׁנים יָ֑חַד; 2Sam 10:15 וַיֵּאָֽסְפוּ יָחַ֑ד Ps 2:2; Ps 31:14; Ps 88:18; Ps 1 שֶׁבֶת יַחַד Isa 50:8, as predicate Mic 2:12 יַחַד אֲשִׂימֶנּוּ; (3) in place and time at once. 2Sam 21:9 וַיִּפְּלוּ יָ֑חַד and they perished together, 2Sam 14:16 to destroy אתי ואת בני יחד; (4) of time alone (poetry) Isa 42:14 אֶשֹּׁם וְאֶשְׁאַף יחד I will gasp and pant together, Isa 45:8; Job 6:2; Job 17:16

**read נֵחָ֑ת for יַחַ֑ת; יַחַד here will then belong to (1).; Ps 141:10 יחד אנכי עד אעבור while I at the same time pass on.
b. all together, altogether (poetic synonym of כֻּלָּם but more forcible, suggesting often, especially with כל, all at once, as well as altogether), Isa 44:11 יפחדו יבשׁו יחד (compare Ps 40:15), Ps 62:10 הֵמָּה מֵהֶבֶל יַחַד they are all together (made) of vanity, Isa 22:3 כל קציניך נדדו יחד (with כל also Ps 41:8; Job 34:15): often in poetry beginning a clause with emphasis, Deut 33:5; Job 3:18 יחד אסירים שׁאננו Job 16:10; Job 19:12 יחד יבאו גדודיו, Job 24:4; Job 31:38; Ps 41:8; Ps 98:8; Hos 11:7 (with a negative), vHos 11:8 in connection with a suffix, or object of a verb, Isa 27:4 אציתנה יָ֑חַד I will burn it altogether, Ps 33:15 הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם who formeth the hearts of them all together, Ps 74:6; Ps 74:8; Job 10:8 יַחַד סָבִיב altogether round about (but read perhaps with ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Del Di אַחַר תִסּוֺב), Job 40:13.
c. together, in the sense of alike, the one as well as the other, Ps 49:3; Ps 49:11 יחד כסיל ובער יאבדו Job 21:26; Job 34:29. More frequent is

BDB3512 H3162

יַחְדָּו₉₂ (Jer 46:12; Jer 46:21; Jer 49:3 יַחְדָּיו), adverb together (properly (in) his or its unitednesses (compare Arabic alone; and for the form אַשְׁרָיו), but, the origin of the term. being forgotten, applied generally as an adverb, without regard to number, gender, or person: so Ges Ol^{§ 135c} Sta^{§ 370a}) — together:
a. of community in action, Ps 34:4 ונרוממה שׁמו יחדו let us exalt his name together, Isa 52:9, with נוֺעַץ take counsel, Isa 45:21; Ps 71:10; Ps 83:6; Neh 6:7 נִצָּה to struggle Deut 25:11 in place, as with ישׁב Gen 13:6; Deut 25:5, הלך Gen 22:6; Gen 22:8; Amos 3:3, בוא Jer 3:18; Job 9:32, קרב Isa 41:1, נפל 2Sam 2:16, אכל Judg 19:6; Jer 41:1, התקבץ Josh 9:2, נאסף Judg 6:33, etc.; Deut 22:10 בשׁור ובחמור יחדו coupling pairs, and so strengthening וְ (mostly in poetry), vDeut 22:11; Amos 1:15 הוא ושׂריו יחדו (compare Jer 48:7 Qr [Kt יחד], Jer 49:3) Jer 6:11; Jer 6:12 ׳שׂדות ונשׁים י, vJer 6:21 (accents), Jer 13:14; Jer 31:8; Jer 31:13; Jer 50:4; Jer 50:33; Isa 41:19, compare Isa 65:7 in time (rare: but see below), Ps 4:9 in peace יחדו אשׁכבה ואישׁן will I at once lie down and sleep (i.e. lie down and fall asleep immediately).
b. emphatic (especially in poetry) = all together 1Sam 31:6; Isa 10:8 הלא שׂרי יחדו מלכים are not my princes all together, all alike, kings? Isa 18:6; Isa 40:5; Isa 41:20; Isa 41:23; Isa 45:16 (|| כֻּלָּם), Isa 46:2 קרסו כרעו יחדו, Isa 48:13; Isa 66:17; Ps 14:3 (|| הַכֹּל), Ps 19:10 צדקו יחדו (of J.'s ordinances), Ps 35:26; Ps 37:38 sometimes (like יַחַד b) suggesting all at once, as well as all together, Exod 19:8 ויענו כל העם יחדו (so, with כל, Isa 22:3; Isa 31:3; Zech 10:4), Isa 1:28; Isa 1:31 ובערו שׁניהם יחדו. Prefixed to a clause (like יחד), Deut 33:17 (compare יחד vDeut 33:5), Isa 9:20; Isa 11:7; Isa 11:14; Isa 31:3; Isa 43:17; Isa 45:16; Isa 52:8; Isa 51:38; (strengthening לָמוֺ)
c. alike, the one as well as the other, Deut 12:22 (= Deut 15:22) the unclean and the clean alike may eat it, 1Sam 30:24 יַחְדָּו יַחֲלֹקוּ׃ they shall share together, i.e. alike.

together, altogether, alike, withal, likewise, …

yaḥad

properly, a unit, i.e., (adverb) unitedly

(n m) union, unitedness

יָ֘בֹ֤אוּ

Root word come, came, brought, bring, in, …

Dictionary form: בּוֹא · boh

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: come

came ×247 come ×144 and came ×99 shall come ×65 and brought ×55 cometh ×44 and they came ×38 brought ×37

More options

come — Most neutral, widely applicable rendering for this lemma.

go — Use when motion is away from the speaker's reference point.

enter — Prefer when crossing a threshold or boundary is in view.

bring — Use for causative or hiphil stems involving conveying something.

arrive — Emphasizes reaching a destination; good for narrative climax.

approach — Highlights drawing near; suitable for formal or ceremonial contexts.

BDB946 H935

בּוֺא₂₅₆₉ verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bâ'u Hpt^{KAT 499, Ethiopic} Arabic return) —

Qal Perfect בָּא Gen 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּ֫אָה Gen 15:17 +; suffix בָּאַתְנוּ Ps 44:18 2 masculine singular בָּ֫אתָ Josh 13:1 +, בָּ֫אתָה 2Sam 3:7 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Gen 16:8; Ruth 2:12, וּבָאתְ consecutive Ruth 3:4; 2Sam 14:3; Mic 4:10 3 plural בָּאוּ Gen 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Gen 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1Sam 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֺא Gen 32:9 +, יָבאֹ Gen 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֺא Gen 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֺאָֽתְךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö^{i. 644}); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֺא Gen 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֺאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֺא Gen 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹ֫אָה Judg 15:1, אָב֫וֺאָה Gen 29:21 +, וַתָּבאֹתִי 1Sam 25:34 (Qr וַתָּבאֹת, but text probably wrong, see Kö^{i. 647} Dr, read וַתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֺאוּ Gen 6:20 +, also (by text error) בּאֹוּ Jer 27:18 compare Kö^{i. 645}, יְבאֹ֑וּן Ps 95:11 suffix יְבאֹוּנִי Ps 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי vPs 119:41 3 feminine plural תָּבאֹןָ Gen 30:38, תָּבוֺאנָה 1Sam 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֶינָה 1Sam 10:7; Ps 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֺא, בּאֹ Gen 7:1 +, בֹּ֫אָה 1Sam 20:21; 1Kgs 13:7, בּ֫וֺאִי, בֹּ֫אִי 2Sam 13:11 +; masculine plural בּ֫אֹוּ Gen 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֺא, בּאֹ Gen 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֺאִי Gen 48:5 +, בּוֺאֲךָ 1Sam 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Gen 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Gen 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Gen 30:88 compare Ezek 42:12 (where Co for בְּבוֺאָן reads לבוא להנה); Participle בָּא Gen 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָ֫ה Gen 29:6 +, הַבָּ֫אָה Gen 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew^{§ 331 b N}.); plural בָּאִים Gen 18:11 +; construct בָּאֵי Gen 23:10 feminine absolute בָּאוֺת Gen 41:29 (see further on forms Kö^{i. 643 f.}); —

1. come in, followed by אֶל Gen 6:18; Gen 7:9; Gen 7:13, followed by בְּ Gen 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezek 2:2; Ezek 37:10, followed by לְ Esth 6:4, followed by ָ ה locative Gen 12:11; Gen 41:57; Num 14:24, followed by accusative (בוֺת) Judg 18:18; 2Kgs 11:19 compare Ps 100:4 (שַׁעֲרָיו), & בָּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֺ Gen 23:10; Gen 23:18 even of life-less things 2Kgs 18:21, וּבָא בְכַפּוֺ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶלֿ) Dan 10:3 compare Gen 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Num 5:22; Num 5:24; Num 5:27 absolute Gen 7:16; Gen 24:31; 1Kgs 1:42; 1Kgs 14:6 compare 2Kgs 11:5; 2Kgs 11:9 = 2Chr 23:4; 2Chr 23:8 +; more particular
a. opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצֿאם או בהאם Hal¹⁵²) Josh 6:1; 2Kgs 11:8 = 2Chr 23:7 especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deut 28:6; Deut 28:19; Zech 8:10; Ps 121:8 id. + ישׁב 2Kgs 19:27 also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Num 27:17; 2Chr 1:10 compare 1Kgs 3:7 of leading an army 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16 compare also Josh 14:11 see further Deut 31:2; 1Sam 29:6 & below
c. below
b. of taking part in worship of congregation Deut 23:2; Deut 23:3 (twice in verse); Deut 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exod 28:29; Exod 28:35; Lev 16:23 (all followed by אֶלֿ), Exod 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יהוה), Lev 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +. with of entering on official duty 2Kgs 11:9 = 2Chr 23:8; 1Chr 27:1 (all opposed to יצא). d. of bride coming into her husband's house Josh 15:18 = Judg 1:14. e. of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Late Hebrew בִּיאָה coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS^{K 90, 167, 291}) Judg 15:1 אֶלאִֿשְׁתִּי הֶחָ֑דְרָה, Judg 16:1; Gen 6:4; Gen 16:2; Gen 30:3; Gen 38:8: Gen 38:9; Gen 39:14; Deut 22:13; 2Sam 12:24; 2Sam 16:21; 2Sam 20:3; Ezek 23:44 (3 t. in verse); Prov 6:29 (all followed by אֶלֿ); followed by עַלֿ Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 יָבאֹ עָלָיהָ וּלְקָחָהּ לוֺ לְאִשָּׁה compare בָּאֶיהָ Prov 2:19 — subject rarely woman Gen 19:34; 2Sam 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Josh 23:7; Josh 23:12 compare Gen 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבאֹ נַפְשִׁי (אַלתֵּֿחַד || בִּקְהָלָם).
g. of entering into specific relations, בְאָלָה ׳בּ, בִבְרִית ׳בּ (see אלה, ברית); בּוֺא בְדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1Sam 25:26.
h. of burial, אֶלקֶֿבֶר ׳בּ 1Kgs 13:22; 1Kgs 14:13 compare תָּבוֺא אֶלאֲֿבוֺתֶיךָ Gen 15:15 (|| תִּקָּבֵר).
i. of sun, set (go in, enter, compare As êrib šanši COT Gen 19:23 opposed to יצא go forth, rise) Gen 15:12; Gen 15:17; Gen 28:11; Exod 17:12; Exod 22:25; Lev 22:7; Deut 16:6; Deut 23:12; Deut 24:13; Deut 24:15; Deut 10:13; Deut 10:27; Deut 2:24; Deut 3:35; Deut 1:36; Deut 18:34 so also figurative Jer 15:9 of calamity בּאה שִׁמְשָׁהּ בְּעוֺד יוֺמָם (|| אֻמְלְלָה יֹלֶדֶת הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isa 60:20; Mic 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עַלהַֿנְּבִיאִים ׳וּב of ignorance and confusion. j. of harvest, come in = be gathered Lev 25:22 (compare תְּבוּאָה); so of revenue (income) 1Kgs 10:14 = 2Chr 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יצא be expended.
k. in other phrases: וַתָּבאֹ הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֺר 2Kgs 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Ps 105:18 בַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֺ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; ᵑ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Gen 24:1; Josh 13:1; Josh 23:1 (all || זָקֵן); on 1Sam 17:12 see Dr.

2. come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Gen 16:8; 1Sam 20:21 (compare v1Sam 20:22) Neh 6:17; Eccl 5:14; Eccl 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶלֿ person or of thing Gen 14:7; Gen 37:23 followed by עַלֿ Exod 18:23; 2Chr 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Lev 21:11; Num 6:6 followed by לְ 1Sam 9:12; 2Chr 29:17 followed by עַד Num 13:22; Judg 15:14; 2Sam 16:5 compare בָּאוּ בָנִים עַדמַֿשְׁבֵּר 2Kgs 19:3 = Isa 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2Kgs 9:20 בָּא עַד אֲלֵיהֶם; followed by ָ ה locative Judg 11:16; 2Kgs 6:4 followed by accusative 1Sam 4:12; 2Kgs 8:7; Jer 32:24 compare also Lam 1:4 בָּאֵי מוֺעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Gen 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of ׳י 1Sam 4:6 wind Job 1:19 so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלָ֑י Gen 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Num 32:19 (with אֶלֿ); so 1Sam 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Gen 18:21; Exod 3:9; Lam 1:22 of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isa 39:6 = 2Kgs 20:17; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:24; Jer 16:14; Jer 19:6 compare also 1Sam 26:10; Ezek 7:7 +; of day of ׳י Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:2; Mal 3:19; Mal 3:23 also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Eccl 2:16 compare Jer 47:4 as substantive הַבָּאוֺת Isa 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isa 27:6 particular
a. come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֺא בֵיתְךָ בְעוֺלוֺת ׃בְּ Ps 66:13 ׳אָבוֺא בִּגְבֻרוֺת אדני י Ps 71:16 (|| אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָֽתְךָ) so Lev 16:3 & perhaps Prov 18:6 — compare בְּ III. 1. b. b. come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַלֿ Gen 34:27; 1Sam 11:12 compare Gen 32:9 (followed by אֶלֿ); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezek 32:11 of calamity, etc. Prov 10:24; Prov 28:22; Ps 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 (|| אתה with suffix) Isa 47:9 (|| בוא על); of blessing, followed by עַלֿ Josh 23:15 followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Ps 119:41; Ps 77.
c. come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deut 13:3; Josh 23:14; 1Sam 9:6 (בּאֹ יָבאֹ) Isa 42:9; Jer 28:9; Prov 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
d. Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lam 1:22 above & 2Chr 7:11 (where בוא for usual עלה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
e. in phrase עַדבּֿוֺאֲךָ עַזָּה Judg 6:4 compare Judg 11:33; 1Sam 17:52; 2Sam 5:25; 1Kgs 18:46 (עַדבֹּֿאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בּוֺאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Gen 10:19 (twice in verse); Gen 10:30; Gen 13:10; Gen 25:18; 1Sam 27:8 (all followed by ָ ה locative) 1Sam 15:7 so לְבאֹ חֲמָת Num 13:21; Num 34:8; Ezek 48:1, compare Ezek 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֺא אפרתה Gen 35:16; Gen 48:7); ׳עַד לְבוֺא ח Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, compare 1Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:8; Ezek 47:20 ׳מִלְּבוֺא ח Amos 6:14; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 14:25; 2Chr 7:8 of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֺא בְּאֵר לַחַי רֹאִיGen 24:62 (but text dubious) feminine attain to וְעַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא 2Sam 23:19 = 1Chr 11:21.
g. be enumerated הַבָּאִים בְּשֵׁמוֺת, literally those coming with names 1Chr 4:38.

3. go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Ps 26:4, so with אֵת Prov 22:24 (compare הלך את Prov 13:20 & התהלך את Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9).

4. go (compare הלך) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isa 22:15 לָךְבּֿאֹ אֶלֿ, so Ezek 3:4; Ezek 3:11; Gen 45:17 וּלְכוּבֿאֹוּ אַרְצָה כְּנָ֑עַן; 1Sam 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָלְֿךָ אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isa 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֳנִיָּה בָּאָה תַרְשִׁישׁ a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבאֹוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Num 32:6. Hiph`il Perfect הֵבִיא Gen 4:4 +; suffix הֱבִיאַנִי Deut 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵיאתָ Isa 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Gen 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֲבִיאֹתַנִי 2Sam 7:18; 1Chr 17:16, הֲבִיאֹתָנוּ Num 16:14, הֲבֵתָנוּ Ps 66:11 1 singular הֵבֵאתִי Gen 31:39 +, והבאותי Jer 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִי); suffix וַהֲבִיאוֺתִיךָ Ezek 38:16 +, הֲבֵאתִיהָ Isa 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Gen 43:2 +; suffix הֱבִיאוּהוּ 2Chr 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֲבֵאתֶם Num 20:4 +; וַהֲבִיאֹתֶם 1Sam 16:17 1 plural suffix הֲבִיאֹנֻם Num 32:17 Imperfect (יָבִא) יָבִיא Lev 4:32 +, וַיָּבֵא Gen 2:19 +; suffix וַיְבִיאֵנִי Ezek 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3 suffix תְּבִיאֵהוּ Jer 13:1, וַתְּבִיאֵם Neh 9:23, תְּבִאֵֹמוֺ Exod 15:17, אָבִיא Exod 11:1 + (אָבִי 1Kgs 21:29; Mic 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבֵא Gen 43:16; Exod 4:6, הָבֵיא 1Sam 20:40, הָבִיאָה Gen 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2Sam 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבֵא Hag 1:6 construct הָבִיא Gen 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exod 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1Kgs 21:21 + 3 t., מְבִיאֲךָ Deut 8:7 plural מְבִיאִים (מְבִאִים) 1Kgs 10:25 +; construct מְבִאֵי Jer 17:26, מְבִיאֶיהָ Dan 11:6 —

1. cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals), followed by אֶלֿ Gen 6:19; Song 2:4; Song 3:4 followed by בְּ Lev 26:41; Ps 66:11 followed by לְ Judg 19:21; 1Sam 9:22 followed by לִפְנֵי Esth 1:11; Esth 1:17 followed by ָ ה locative Gen 24:67; Gen 46:7 followed by הָ֯ + אֶלֿ Gen 19:10, followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song 1:4; 2Kgs 9:2 also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶלֿ Num 31:54; Mal 3:10 followed by בְּ Jer 17:21 send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lam 3:13 compare Lev 26:36 of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezek 37:5 (Co על); followed by לְ Neh 13:12 followed by ָ ה locative Exod 26:33; 2Kgs 20:20 וַיָּבֵא אֶתהַֿמַּיִם הָעִ֑ירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2Sam 13:10 also 2Chr 15:18 (בֵּית); absolute 2Sam 6:17 particular
a. opposed to הוֺצִיא (bring out) Deut 9:28 (followed by אֶלֿ); especially in combination with הוֺצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Num 27:17; 1Chr 11:2.
b. bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הַחוּץ) Judg 12:9 (opposed to שִׁלַּח הַחוּצָה).
c. bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָבִיא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עִמָּ֑ךְ Job 14:3 compare Eccl 11:9; Eccl 12:4.
d. cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
e. of harvest, bring in, gather 2Sam 9:10; Hag 1:6 (opposed to זרע) compare Neh 13:15. feminine put staves into (בְּ) rings Exod 25:14; Exod 37:5; Exod 38:7 compare Exod 26:11; Lev 14:42 hand into (בְּ) bosom Exod 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jer 13:1.
g. other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּ֯רָם בַּעֲבֹדַת אֲדֹנֵיהֶם Neh 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הביאו אתצֿואריכם בְּעֹל Jer 27:12 הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לֵבֶּ֑ךָ Prov 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִא לְבַב חָכְמָה Ps 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object), followed by אֶלֿ Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 43:9; Lev 24:11; Num 5:15 often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exod 6:8; Exod 23:23 +, compare Isa 14:2; Isa 56:7; Neh 1:9 absolute Deut 4:38; Deut 6:23 followed by לְ Gen 39:14; Gen 39:17 followed by ָ ה locative Ezek 12:13 followed by הֲלֹם Judg 18:3, & עַדהֲֿלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 absolute Gen 46:32 also with lifeless object, Gen 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2Chr 36:7; Gen 31:39 (followed by אֶלֿ); followed by accusative 2Kgs 12:5; 2Chr 36:18; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by ָ ה locative Exod 26:33; Jer 20:5 followed by לִפְנֵי 2Chr 24:14 of ravens bringing food 1Kgs 17:6 (followed by לְ); of bringing presents Gen 43:26; 1Sam 9:7; 1Sam 10:27 (all followed by לְ); compare 1Sam 17:18 especially offerings, followed by לְ Gen 4:3; Num 15:25; Neh 10:35; Neh 10:37 (לְבֵית), etc.; Lev 2:2 followed by אֶלֿ of priest; absolute Gen 4:4; Lev 4:32; Lev 23:14; Lev 23:15; Mal 1:13 (twice in verse); 2Chr 31:5 compare also Exod 35:21; Exod 35:22; Exod 35:23; Exod 35:24 (twice in verse); Exod 35:27; Exod 35:29 (followed by לְ for) so Exod 36:3 +; of time, cause a day to come Lam 1:21 cause cry to come (עַלֿ) Job 34:28 = carry בָּנַיִךְ בְּחֹצֶן ׳והב Isa 49:22 (|| עַלכָּֿתֵף נשׂא); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלהַּ p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esth 5:12 (followed by אֶלֿ) compare vEsth 5:10 particular
a. followed by עַלֿ bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jer 25:9 compare Ezek 23:22 object sword Lev 26:25; Ezek 5:17; Ezek 11:8; Ezek 14:17; Ezek 33:2 plague Exod 11:1 curse or calamity Gen 27:12; Deut 29:26; 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jer 25:13; Jer 36:31; Jer 44:2; Jer 49:8; Jer 49:37; Ezek 14:22 sin Gen 20:9; Gen 26:10; Exod 32:21 compare also followed by אֶלֿ Jer 32:42; Jer 49:36.
b. bring to pass 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 compare 1Chr 4:10; Ps 78:29.
c. bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Mic 1:15; Zech 3:8.
d. bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Ps 78:71 מֵאַחַר עָלוֺת הֱבִיאוֺ לִרְעוֺת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֺ.
e. bring, procure בְּנַפְשֵׁנוּ נָבִיא לַחְמֵנוּ Lam 5:9. Hoph`al Perfect הוּבָא Lev 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָאת Gen 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָ֫אתָה Ezek 40:4 3 plural הוּבְאוּ Gen 43:18 Imperfect יוּבָא Lev 6:23 +, יוּבָ֑אוּ Jer 27:22 Participle מוּבָא 2Kgs 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Gen 43:18; Ezek 30:11 + Ezek 23:42 (Co מרבדים), מוּבָאוֺת Ps 45:15 —
a. be brought in (of person and things), absolute Gen 43:18 followed by בית into a house Gen 43:18 temple 2Kgs 12:5; 2Kgs 12:10; 2Kgs 12:14; 2Kgs 12:17; 2Kgs 22:4; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 2:14.
b. be brought, followed by לְ Gen 33:11 (but ᵐ5 rd Hiph`il I have brought), Ps 45:15 followed by אֶלֿ unto Lev 6:23; Lev 10:18; Lev 13:2; Lev 13:9; Lev 14:2 compare Ezek 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הֵ֫נָּה Ezek 40:4 followed by בָּבֶ֫לָה Jer 27:22 followed by infinitive Lev 16:27; Ezek 30:11 followed by מִן Jer 10:9.
c. be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exod 27:7 vessel into water Lev 11:32.

come, came, brought, bring, in, …

bôʾ

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

to go in, enter, come, go, come in

(Qal)

to enter, come in

to come with

to lead in

to be brought, brought in

גְדוּדָ֗י ו

גְדוּדָ֗י

Root word bands, troop, army, band, company, …

ו

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: גְּדוּד · ɡeh-DOOD

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his troops

a troop ×3 and bands ×3 company ×2 a band ×1 and as troops ×1 and the troop ×1 bands ×1 by bands ×1

More options

raiding party — Best for small, mobile, often hostile groups on raids.

troop — General military unit; modernizes direct KJV usage well.

band — Informal armed group; suits irregular or outlaw fighters.

war band — Emphasizes cohesion and martial purpose of the group.

detachment — Precise, formal; suits subdivisions of a larger army.

company — Neutral collective; use when size or hostility is unspecified.

BDB1476 H1416

I. גְּדוּד noun masculine^{Gen 49:19} band, troop (as making inroads; others, as a division, detachment (as severed), but this usually later in Hebrew) — ׳ג absolute 1Sam 30:8 + 19 t.; construct 2Chr 25:9 plural גְּדוּדִים 2Sam 4:2 + 2 t.; construct גְּדוּדֵי 2Kgs 6:23 + 6 t.; suffix גְּדוּדָיו Job 19:12; Job 25:3 —

1. marauding band (making incursions, inroads, compare גדד) 1Sam 30:8; 1Sam 30:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 30:23 compare 1Chr 12:22, also 2Chr 22:1; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 6:23; 2Kgs 13:20; 2Kgs 13:21; 2Kgs 24:2 (4 t. in verse) compare 2Sam 22:30 = Ps 18:30, & Gen 49:19 (see גַּד Gen 30:11) Hos 6:9; Hos 7:1; Jer 18:22 שָׂרֵי גִּדוּדִים 2Sam 4:2, compare וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּרָאשֵׁי הַגְּדוּד 1Chr 12:19 figurative of God's attacking forces, his chastisements Job 19:12 (compare Job 25:3 below)

2. troop, of divisions of army of Israel (late) גְּדוּדֵי צְבָא מִלְחָמָה 1Chr 7:4, compare 2Chr 26:11 band of Israel, i.e. troop of mercenaries hired from Israel by Amaziah 2Chr 25:9; 2Chr 25:10 בְּנֵי הַגְּדוּד i.e. soldiers of the band 2Chr 25:13 of army in general כְּמֶלֶךְ בַּגְּדוּד Job 29:25, in simile; also Mic 4:14 בַּתגְּֿדוּד of Zion.

3. foray, raid 2Sam 3:22.

bands, troop, army, band, company, …

gĕdûd

a crowd (especially of soldiers)

a band, troop, marauding band

marauding band, raiding band

וַ יָּסֹ֣לּוּ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יָּסֹ֣לּוּ

Root word up, exalt, exaltest, extol, plain

Dictionary form: סָלַל · saw-LAHL

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and raise up

cast up ×3 cast ye up ×2 and raise up ×1 and they raise up ×1 cast her up ×1 exalt ×1 exaltest ×1 extol ×1

More options

build up — Best for constructing a raised road or embankment.

raise up — General lifting or elevation; suits literal and figurative.

pile up — Emphasizes accumulating earth or material into a mound.

exalt — Figurative elevation; prefer for praise or honor contexts.

level — When smoothing or clearing a highway is in view.

lift high — Vivid, contemporary; suits poetic or rhetorical passages.

BDB5612 H5549

I. [סָלַל] verb lift up, cast up (Late Hebrew סִלְסֵל esteem highly, סִלְסוּל loftiness, distinction; סוּלָּם ladder; ᵑ7 סוּלְּמָא id.; MI²⁶ מסלת highway; Phoenician סלמת stair (?) Lzb³²⁹; Assyrian sellu, sillu, perhaps breast-works Dl^{HWB 501}; Arabic is draw out, forth Lane¹³⁹⁵ = שָׁלַל, but ladder (a loan-word according to Schw^{ZMG liii (1899), 197}), compare סֻלָּם; see also ‰rry, siege-wall, Egyptian loan-word from סֹלְלָה according to WMM^As.u.Eur.101); —

Qal Imperfect וַיָּסֹ֫לּוּ Job 19:12; Job 30:12 Imperative masculine plural סֹ֫לּוּ Isa 57:14 + 4 t.; suffix סָלּוּהָ Jer 50:26 (compare סֶ֫לָה); Passive participle סְלוּלָה Jer 18:15 סְלֻלָה Prov 15:19 —

1. cast up a highway: מְסִלָּה ׳ס Isa 62:10 (twice in verse), without object Isa 57:14 (twice in verse), דֶּרֶךְ לֹא סְלוּלָה Jer 18:15 figurative of path of upright Prov 15:19.

2. cast up a way: דֶּרֶךְ with על against, Job 19:12 (of besieger, in figure), ארה Job 30:12 (of besetting foe); Babylonian as a heap of garbage Jer 50:26.

3. lift up (a song) Ps 68:5, with לְ person (|| שׁיר, זמּר; most as

1.). Pilpel Imperative suffix סַלְסְלֶהָ Prov 4:8 exalt her (i.e. Wisdom), i.e. (compare Toy) esteem highly, prize. Hithpa`el Participle מִסְתּוֺלֵל Exod 9:17 (J) exalt oneself, with בְּ against (denominative from סֹלְלָה according to Gerber⁵²); compare Eccl 39:24; Eccl 40:28.

up, exalt, exaltest, extol, plain

sālal

to mound up (especially a turnpike); figurative, to exalt; reflexively, to oppose (as by a dam)

to lift up, cast up, exalt

(Qal)

to cast up a highway

עָלַ ֣י

עָלַ

Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …

֣י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: against

upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137

More options

on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.

over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.

about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.

against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.

concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.

because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Kö^{ii. 261 f.}) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges^{«GKC:103i»§ 103i}, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}, and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
a. —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, v^b Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
(a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , W^{AG ii § 59 e}): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).

(f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.

b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּסךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
(a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.

(b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
(a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , W^{AG ii. § 59}.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone:
(a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
(b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

upon, against, over, in, for, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

(prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

דַּרְכָּ ֑ם

דַּרְכָּ

Root word way, ways, toward, journey, manner, …

֑ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: דֶּרֶךְ · deh-REK

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: their way

the way ×102 by the way ×55 in the way ×52 way ×50 his way ×21 toward ×21 his ways ×18 the ways ×16

More options

way — Versatile default; fits literal path and figurative usage.

path — More poetic; suits moral or life-direction contexts.

road — Concrete, physical route; prefer for travel narratives.

journey — Emphasizes the act of traveling rather than the route.

manner — Best when דֶּרֶךְ means conduct, habit, or lifestyle.

direction — Use when context indicates orientation or heading.

BDB2010 H1870

דֶּ֫רֶךְ₇₁₅ noun masculine^{Deut 17:16} & (less often) feminine^{Exod 18:20} way, road, distance, journey, manner — absolute ׳ד Gen 38:16 +; דָּ֑רֶךְ vGen 38:21 +; construct דֶּרֶךְ Gen 3:24 suffix דַּרְכִּי Gen 24:42 + 4 t. + 2Sam 22:33 דַּרְכִּ֯ו; דַּרְכְּךָ Hos 10:13; 1Kgs 19:15 דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ Ps 5:9 + 9 t.; דַּרְכֵךְ Jer 2:23 + 8 t.; דַּרְכּוֺ Gen 6:12 +; דַּרְכָּהּ 1Sam 1:18; Job 28:23 דַּרְכֵּנוּ Judg 18:5 + 2 t.; דַּרְכְּכֶם Gen 19:2 + 3 t., דַּרָכָּם 1Kgs 2:4 +; dual דְּרָכַיִם Prov 28:6; Prov 28:18 plural דְּרָכִים Deut 28:7 + 6 t.; construct דַּרְכֵי Prov 3:17 + 24 t.; suffix דְּרָכַי Job 13:15 + 17 t., דְּרָכָ֑י Ps 95:10 + 4 t.; דְּרָכֶיךָ Deut 28:29 + 16 t.; דְּרָכֶךָ Exod 33:13 + 2 t.; דְּרָכַיִךְ Jer 3:18 + 4 t.; דְּרָכָ֑יִךְ Ezek 7:3 + 3 t.; דְּרָכָיו Deut 10:12 +; דְּרָכֶיהָ Prov 3:17 + 3 t.; דְּרָכֵינוּ Lam 3:40; Zech 1:6 דַּרְכֵיכֶם Lev 26:22 + 17 t.; דַּרְכֵיהֶם Jer 16:17 + 5 t.; דַּרְכֵיהֶן Ezek 16:47 —

1. way, road, path Gen 35:3 (E) Gen 38:16; Gen 38:21 (both J) Gen 48:7 (P), Gen 49:17 (J; poem) Lev 26:22 (H, only here in Leviticus) Num 22:22; Num 22:23 (3 t. in verse); Num 22:31; Num 22:34 (all J E) Deut 6:7; Deut 22:4; Deut 22:6; Deut 23:5; Deut 24:9; Deut 25:17; Deut 25:18; (D) Ruth 1:7; 1Sam 4:13 (on text compare Dr) 1Sam 15:2; 1Sam 24:4; 2Sam 16:13; 1Kgs 13:9; 1Kgs 13:10 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 13:12; 1Kgs 13:17; 1Kgs 13:24 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 13:25; 1Kgs 13:26; 1Kgs 13:28; 1Kgs 18:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 20:38; 2Kgs 2:23; 2Kgs 3:8; 2Kgs 6:19; 2Kgs 19:33 = Isa 37:29; Isa 37:34; Hos 6:9; Hos 13:7; Isa 43:16; Isa 43:19; Isa 49:9; Isa 49:11; Isa 51:10; Isa 57:14 (twice in verse); Jer 6:25; Lam 1:5; Ezek 21:24; Ezek 21:25; Ezek 42:11; Ezek 42:12; Ps 107:40; Ps 110:7; Prov 7:8; Prov 8:2; Prov 26:13; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 12:5 construct way of (often = to, toward) עֵץ הַחַיִּים ׳ד Gen 3:24 (J) שׁוּר ׳ד Gen 16:7 (J) אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים ׳ד Exod 13:17 (E) הַבָּשָׁן ׳ד Num 21:33 (JE); compare Deut 1:2; Deut 1:19; Deut 3:1; Josh 2:7 (JE) Josh 12:3; 1Sam 6:9; 1Sam 6:12; 1Sam 13:17; 1Sam 13:18 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:52; 2Kgs 3:20; Isa 15:5; Jer 2:18 (twice in verse); Jer 50:5; Ezek 47:15; Ezek 48:1 הַמִּדְבָּר ׳ד (of different ways) Exod 13:18 (E) Josh 8:15 (JE) Judg 20:42, compare Deut 2:8; 2Sam 2:24; 2Kgs 3:8 ׳ד אֶתהַֿמִּדְבָּר 2Sam 15:23 is corrupt; read הַזַּיִת אֲשֶׁר ׳ד בַּטִּדְבָּר ᵐ5^L Dr compare We the way of the olive-tree which, etc.; הָעֲרָבָה ׳ד Deut 2:8 and (with different reference) 2Sam 4:7; 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7; Jer 39:4 הַכִּכָּר ׳ד 2Sam 18:23 יַםסֿוּף ׳ד Num 14:25; Num 21:4 (JE) Deut 1:40; Deut 2:1 often of gateway, as הַשַּׁעַר ׳ד 2Sam 15:2 compare 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7; Ezek 9:2; Ezek 43:4; Ezek 44:1; Ezek 44:4; Ezek 46:9 (5 t. in verse); Ezek 47:2 ׳ד אוּלָם הַשַּׁעַר Ezek 44:3; Ezek 46:2; Ezek 46:8 בֵּית הַגָּן ׳ד 2Kgs 9:27, גַּןהַֿמֶּלֶךְ ׳ד Jer 39:4 הַיָּם ׳ד Isa 8:23 (compare Commentaries & Schumacher^{Jaulan 63 and} PEF^{Apr. 1889, 78}); מְבוֺא הַסּוּסִים ׳ד 2Kgs 11:16 followed by ָ ה locative Gen 35:19 (E), Gen 38:14 (J) Gen 48:7 (P; read אפרתה Ol); הַמֶּלֶךְ נֵלֵךְ ׳ד Num 20:17; Num 21:22 (both J E; Arabic of different highroads, compare Seetzen^{i. 61, 132, ii. 336} Rob^{BR iii. 141} Di; = מְסִלָּה Num 20:19) i.e. the highway, used by king with his army; compare || בַּדֶּרֶךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ Deut 2:27 i.e. straight (or steadily) along the way; in particular of path, way, in which God moves בַּיָּם דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ Ps 77:20 (|| וּשְׁבִילְיךָ֯ בְּמַיִם רַבִּים); וּבִשְׂעָרָה דַּרְכּוֺ Nah 1:3 compare בַּמִּדְבָּר פַּנּוּ ׳י ׳ד Isa 40:8 (|| יַשְּׁרוּ בָּֽעֲרָבָה מְסִלָּה לאלהינו); also Mal 3:1, compare Isa 43:16; Isa 43:19 (way made by ׳י) & Isa 51:10 path of lighting Job 28:26; Job 38:25 of light Job 38:19; Job 38:24, of camel (בִּכְרָה) Jer 2:23, of locusts Joel 2:7 (plural); see further the four wonderful things Prov 30:19 the way of an eagle in the air, the way of a serpent upon a rock, the way of a ship in the heart of the sea, and the way of a man with a maid (i.e. no trace is left in any case); compare also vProv 30:20 כֵּן דֶּרֶךְ אִשָּׁה מְנָאָ֑פֶת; figure of death אָנֹכִי הוֺלֵךְ הַיּוֺם בְּדֶרֶךְ כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Josh 23:14 I am going to-day in the way of all the earth (D); so also 1Kgs 2:2 (compare Gen 19:31 4 a).

2. journey Gen 24:21; Gen 24:40; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:56 (all J) Num 9:10; Num 9:13 (P) Josh 9:11; Josh 9:13 (both J E) 1Kgs 18:27; 1Kgs 19:7 ׳רַב מִמְּךָ הַדּ; ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת ד Judg 17:8 בְּאֵר ׳ד שָׁ֑בַע Amos 8:14 (journey of — to — Beersheba compare Hi St; but text dubious, ᵐ5 ὁ θεός, compare Gunning; Hoffm^{ZAW 1883, 123} proposes דֹּדְךָ, We בְּאֵרְךָ compare Bu^{ThLz 1892, 62}); דֶּרֶךְ חֹל 1Sam 21:6 a common (not sacred) journery; especially with temporary modification שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים ׳ד Gen 30:36 (J) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23; Num 10:33 (twice in verse) (all J E), Num 33:8 (P) compare also Gen 31:23 (E) Num 11:31 (twice in verse) (JE), 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 3:9 go one's way הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֺ Gen 19:2 (J), Gen 32:2 (E), Gen 33:16 (J), Num 24:25; Josh 2:16 (both J E), Judg 18:26; Judg 19:27; 1Sam 1:18; 1Sam 26:25; 1Sam 30:2; 1Kgs 1:49; Jer 28:11, see הלך; also ׳הָפַךְ לְד 1Sam 25:12, & (figurative) ׳פָּנָה לְד Isa 53:6 (so Isa 56:11 5 below); of זוֺנָה, figurative of Israel, וַתְּפַזְּרִי אֶתדְּֿרָכַיִךְ לַזָּרִים Jer 3:13.

3. of direction, almost or quite = toward, 1Kgs 8:44; 1Kgs 8:48 = 2Chr 6:34; 2Chr 6:38 pray toward the city, etc.; 2Chr 18:43 look toward the sea; especially in Ezek. of looking, going, etc. צָפוֺנָה ׳ד Ezek 8:5 (twice in verse); compare Ezek 21:2; Ezek 40:6 construct הַקָּדִים ׳ד Ezek 40:10 (strike out ᵐ5 Hi Co) vEzek 40:22; Ezek 43:1 הַצָּפוֺן ׳ד vEzek 43:20 compare הַדָּרוֺם ׳ד vEzek 43:24 vEzek 43:24, הַיָּם ׳ד Ezek 41:12, הֶחָצֵר ׳ד Ezek 42:7 etc. (c. 28 t. Ezekiel); (see also מִדֶּרֶךְ Ezek 9:2 compare Ezek 43:2; Ezek 44:3 on אַמָּה אֶחָת ׳ד Ezek 42:4 see VB Co Da) compare לֹאיִֿפְנֶה דֶּרֶךְ כְּרָמִים Job 24:18.

4. way, manner:
a. usage כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳ד Gen 19:31 (J; compare also Josh 23:14; 1Kgs 2:2 above)
b. = customary experience, or condition נָשִׁים ׳ד Gen 31:35 (E).
c. מִצְרַיִם ׳ד Amos 4:10 the manner of Egypt, i.e. as was done in Egypt; Isa 10:24; Isa 10:26.
d. habit of animals, ants Prov 6:6 (plural)

5. figurative of course of life, or action, undertakings, etc. לֹא תַצְלִיחַ אֶתדְּֿרָכֶיךָ Deut 28:29 compare Josh 1:8 (D) 1Sam 18:14; 2Sam 22:33 = Ps 18:33; Job 3:23; Job 8:19; Job 17:9; Job 22:28; Job 24:23; Job 31:4; Job 34:21; Ps 10:5; Ps 35:6; Ps 37:5; Ps 37:7; Ps 37:23; Ps 91:11; Ps 102:24; Ps 119:37; Ps 128:1; Ps 139:3; Ps 146:9; Prov 2:8; Prov 3:6; Prov 3:23; Prov 11:5; Prov 20:24; Prov 29:27; Prov 31:3; Isa 40:27; Isa 45:13; Isa 48:15; Isa 55:8; Isa 55:9; Jer 2:36; Jer 10:23; Jer 12:1; Jer 23:12; Lam 3:9; Lam 3:11; Hos 2:8; Hos 9:8; Hos 10:13; (עְנָוִים ׳ד); thrice (Chronicles) in summary of a king's life, of Abijah וּדְרָכָיו וּדְבָרָיו 2Chr 13:22 of Jotham וְכָלמִֿלְחֲמֹתָיו וּדְרָכָיו 2Chr 27:7 of Ahaz וְכָלדְּֿרָכָיו הָרִאשֹׁנִים וְהָאַחֲרוֺנִים 2Chr 28:26 אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ ׳ד Isa 3:12 compare also Isa 30:11 and Isa 57:18 = gain Isa 56:11, pleasure, etc. Isa 58:13.

6. a. of moral action and character הִשְׁחִית כָּלבָּֿשָׂר אֶתדַּֿרְכּוֺ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 6:12 (P); compare Jer 3:21 יִשְׁמְרוּ אֶתדַּֿרְכָּם 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 8:25 = 2Chr 6:16 compare v2Chr 6:39 = 2Chr 6:30 ׳הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י 2Chr 27:6; Ps 5:9; Ps 39:2; Ps 49:14; Ps 50:23; Ps 119:5; Ps 119:26; Ps 119:59; Ps 119:168; Prov 4:26; Prov 5:8; Prov 5:21; Prov 10:9; Prov 14:2; Prov 14:8; Prov 14:12; Prov 16:2; Prov 16:7; Prov 16:9; Prov 16:17; Prov 16:25; Prov 19:3; Prov 19:16; Prov 21:2; Prov 21:29; Jer 2:33; Jer 6:27; Jer 7:3; Jer 7:5; Jer 16:17; Jer 17:10; Jer 18:11; Jer 18:15; Jer 26:13; Jer 32:19 (twice in verse); Lam 3:40; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 7:27; Ezek 14:22; Ezek 14:23; Ezek 18:25; Ezek 18:29; Ezek 18:30; Ezek 24:14; Ezek 28:15; Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Ezek 36:19; Hag 1:5; Hag 1:7; Zech 1:6 דַּרְכֵי לִבְּךָ Eccl 11:9 compare Isa 57:17 (& Jer 32:39
c. below)
b. of duty (commanded by ׳י, etc.) יֵלְכוּ בָּהּ ׳הַדּ Exod 18:20 (E) compare Exod 32:8 (JE) Deut 9:12; Deut 9:16; Deut 13:6; Deut 31:29; Ps 25:8; Ps 25:12; Ps 32:8; Ps 119:1; Ps 143:8; Prov 21:16; Prov 22:6; Prov 23:19; Isa 30:21; Isa 48:17; Jer 7:23; Mal 2:8 so too, of wisdom דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵינֹֿעַם Prov 3:17, חָכְמָה ׳ד Prov 4:11; Prov 8:32 compare Prov 23:26 בִּינָה ׳ד Prov 9:6 compare Isa 40:14.
c. specifically: in good sense הַטּוֺבָה וְהַיְשָׁרָה ׳ד 1Sam 12:23; 1Kgs 8:36 = 2Chr 6:27 compare Prov 16:31; Jer 6:16 תֹּם דְּרָכֶיךָ Job 4:6 compare Job 22:8; Prov 13:6 דְּרָכָיו (i.e. of light) Job 24:13 (|| נְתִיבֹתָיו); צַדִּיקִים ׳ד Ps 1:6, טוֺבִים ׳ד Prov 2:20, יִשְׁרֵידָֿ֑רֶךְ Ps 37:14, תְּמִימֵי דָ֑רֶךְ Prov 11:20; Ps 119:1 תָּמִים ׳ד Ps 101:2; Ps 101:6, אֱמוּנָה ׳ד Ps 119:30, שָׁלוֺם ׳דּ Isa 59:8 עוֺלָּם ׳ד Ps 139:24, חַיִּים ׳ד Prov 6:23, compare Prov 12:28; Jer 21:8 (opposed to המות ׳ד see below); without modifier 1Sam 8:3; 1Sam 8:5; Job 13:15; Job 23:10, ׳לֵב אֶחָד וְד אֶחָד Jer 32:39 compare also
a. above; especially construct before names of good kings 1Kgs 22:43; 2Kgs 22:2; 2Chr 11:17; 2Chr 20:32; 2Chr 21:12 (twice in verse) (plural) so 2Chr 34:2 compare דַּרְכֵי דָּוִיד הָרִאשֹׁנִים 2Chr 17:3 the first ways of David; also דַּרְכֵי עַמִּי Jer 12:16.
d. oftener in bad sense דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Judg 2:19, דַּרְכּוֺ הָרָעָה 1Kgs 13:33, רַע ׳ד Prov 2:12; Prov 8:13; Prov 28:10 compare 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22; Jer 25:5; Jer 26:3; Jer 35:15; Jer 36:2; Jer 36:7; Ezek 3:18; Ezek 3:19; Ezek 13:22; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Jonah 3:8; Jonah 3:10; Zech 1:4 לֹא טוֺב ׳ד Ps 36:5; Prov 16:29; Isa 65:2 דַּרְכֵךְ זִמָּה Ezek 16:27 compare with completed metaphor לֹא סְלוּלָה ׳ד Jer 18:15 further שֶׁקֶר ׳ד Ps 119:29, עֹצֶב ׳ד Ps 139:24, פִּשְׁעָם ׳ד Ps 107:17 דַּרְכֵיחֿשֶׁךְ Prov 2:13 דַּרְכֵי מָוֶת Prov 14:12 = Prov 16:25 דרך המות Jer 21:8, compare above c; עָצֵל ׳ד Prov 15:19 (compare Prov 6:6); חַטָּאִים ׳ד Ps 1:1 compare vPs 1:6; Prov 1:15; Prov 3:31; Prov 4:19 (רְשָׁעִים ׳ד), Prov 12:15 (אֱוִיל ׳ד), Prov 13:15 (בֹּגְדִים ׳ד), also Prov 15:9; Prov 21:8; Isa 55:7 עִקֵּשׁ ׳ד Prov 22:5, compare עִקֵּשׁ דְּרָכַיִם Prov 28:6 compare vProv 28:18 further, without modifier, Hos 4:9; Hos 12:3; Prov 7:25; Prov 14:14; Isa 53:6; Isa 66:3; Jer 2:23 (of idolatry רְאִי דַרְכֵךְ בַּגַּיְא) vJer 2:33; Jer 4:11 (compare Hi Gf) vJer 4:18; Jer 15:7; Jer 22:1; Ezek 16:47 (twice in verse); Ezek 16:61; Ezek 18:23; Ezek 20:43; Ezek 23:13; Ezek 23:31; Ezek 33:8; Ezek 33:9 (twice in verse); Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:17 (twice in verse); Ezek 36:31.Ezek 36:32 compare also below
a. above; לָתֵת דַּרְכּוֺ בְּראֹשׁוֺ 1Kgs 8:32 to place his way upon his head, i.e. requite it on him = 2Chr 6:23, compare Ezek 7:4; Ezek 9:10; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 22:31 פְּרִי דַּרְכָּם Prov 1:31 especially construct before names of bad kings יָרָבְעָם ׳ד 1Kgs 15:34 (compare v1Kgs 15:26) 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 16:19; 1Kgs 16:26; 1Kgs 22:53 compare v1Kgs 22:53 v1Kgs 22:53 also מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳ד 2Kgs 8:18; 2Kgs 16:3; 2Chr 21:6; 2Chr 21:13; 2Chr 28:2 (plural); דַּרְכֵי בֵּית אַחְאָב 2Kgs 8:27 = 2Chr 22:3 (of Ahaziah, grandson of Ahab); הָעָם הַזֶּה ׳ד Isa 8:11, הַגּוֺיִם ׳ד Jer 10:2, ׳ד אֲבוֺתֵיכֶם Ezek 20:30 compare 2Kgs 21:21.
e. way of ׳י:
(a) = his creative activity Job 26:14 applied in concrete sense to behemoth (hippopotamus) הוּא רֵאשִׁית דַּרְכֵיאֵֿל Job 40:19 (hyperb.); compare of wisdom רֵאשִׁית דַּרְכּוֺ Prov 8:22
(b) = his moral administration, Exod 33:13 (plural; J E); Deut 32:4; 2Sam 22:31 = Ps 18:31; Job 21:31; Job 36:23 אלהים בַּקֹּדֶשׁ דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ Ps 77:14 (|| מִי אֵל גָּדוֺל כֵּאלֹהִים); Ps 85:14; Ps 103:7; Ps 138:5; Ps 145:17; Prov 10:29; Isa 55:8; Isa 55:9; Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5; Ezek 18:25 (twice in verse); Ezek 18:29 (twice in verse); Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Hos 14:10.
(c) = his commandments לַעֲשׂוֺת צְדָקָה ׳י ׳וְשָֽׁמְרוּ ד וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט Gen 18:19 (J); ׳כָּלהַֿדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה י Deut 5:30 compare (plural) Deut 8:6; Deut 10:12; Deut 11:22; Deut 11:28; Deut 19:9; Deut 26:17; Deut 28:9; Deut 30:16; Josh 22:5 (D) Judg 2:22; 2Sam 22:22 = Ps 18:22, 1Kgs 2:3; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 8:58; 1Kgs 11:33; 1Kgs 11:38; 2Kgs 21:22; 2Chr 6:31; Job 21:14; Job 23:11; Job 34:27; Ps 25:4; Ps 25:9; Ps 27:11; Ps 37:34; Ps 51:15; Ps 67:3; Ps 81:14; Ps 86:11; Ps 95:10; Ps 119:3; Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2; Isa 42:24; Isa 58:2; Isa 63:17; Isa 64:4; Zech 3:7; Mal 2:9 compare ׳וַיִּגְבַּהּ לִבּוֺ בְּדַרְכֵי י 2Chr 17:6 see also עֵדְוֺתֶיךָ ׳ד Ps 119:14 פִּקּוּדֶיךָ ׳ד vPs 119:27, מִצְוֺתֶ֑יךָ ׳ד vPs 119:32, חֻקֶּיךָ ׳ד vPs 119:33.

BDB8615 H7843 H6013 H7743 H7845 H1870 H516

[שָׁחַת]₁₅₁ verb go to ruin (?), only derived species (Late Hebrew Hiph`il = Biblical Hebrew, Ecclus. שחיתה Eccl 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic extirpate; Ethiopic injure, violate; Tel Amarna ša—âtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab}.), Assyrian possibly šêtu, flee, escape (compare אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinjirli) שחת destroy Lzb³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, (assimilation of ), multilate; — very improbable Gerber^{179 denominative} from שַׁחַת); —

Niph`al be marred, spoiled, Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Jer 13:7, vessel Jer 18:4 be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵת Exod 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in mnorals and rel., of earth, Perfect 3 feminine singular נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Gen 6:12 (P), Imperfect 3 feminine singular ׳לִפְנֵי הָא ׳וַתִּשּׁ vGen 6:11 (P); so Participle feminine plural as adjective נִשְׁחָתוֺת Ezek 20:44. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular שִׁחֵת Exod 32:7 +, suffix שִׁחֶתְךָ Hos 13:9 2 masculine singular שִׁחַתָּ Isa 14:20 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Jer 5:10 Infinitive construct שַׁחֵת Gen 13:10 +, etc.; —

1. spoil, ruin, accusative of eye Exod 21:26 (E), vineyard Jer 12:10 (figurative), branches Nah 2:3 (figurative), also = destroy, accusative of person 2Sam 1:14; 2Sam 14:11 (accusative omitted), Ezek 5:16; Ezek 20:17, כָּלבָֿשָׂר Gen 6:17; Gen 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Gen 13:10; Gen 19:13; Gen 19:29 (all J), 2Sam 24:16; Jer 5:10 (accusative omitted), Jer 48:18; Ezek 26:4; Ezek 43:3; Lam 2:5, ruin temple vLam 2:6, nation Hos 11:9; Hos 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land 2Kgs 19:12 (Hiph`il in || Isa 37:12), Judg 6:5; Josh 22:33 (P), Ezek 22:30; Ezek 30:11, earth Gen 9:11 (P); with ל object (ל 3b), city 1Sam 23:10, person Num 32:15 (P); with accusative רַחֲמָיו Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS^{K 28} and others, the bonds of kinship, see רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Mal 2:8, i.e. violate it, see especially אַרְצָה ׳וְשׁ (that is, semen) Gen 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Prov 23:8.

2. pervert, corrupt, accusative wisdom Ezek 28:17, absolute = deal corruptly, הֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Hos 9:9 (compare [עָמֹק], p.770:b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֺ, √ שׁוח), Exod 32:7 (JE), Deut 9:12, so לוֺ ׳שׁ Deut 32:5. Hiph`il₁₀₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁחִית Gen 6:12 +; 1 singular וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Jer 51:20, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַשְׁחִית Dan 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Mal 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת 1Chr 20:1 2 feminine singular וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ezek 16:47, 2 masculine plural תַּשְׁחִתוּן Deut 4:16; Deut 31:29 Imperative masculine singular suffix הַשְׁחִיתָהּ 2Kgs 18:25 = Isa 36:10 Infinitive absolute הַשְׁחֵת Deut 31:29 construct הַשְׁחִית 1Sam 26:15 +, etc.; Participle מַשְׁחִית Gen 19:14 +, etc.; —

1. spoil, ruin, accusative crop Judg 6:4; Mal 3:11, trees Deut 20:19; Deut 20:20; Jer 11:19 (figurative), vessels 2Chr 36:19, houses 2Chr 34:11, palaces Jer 6:5 compare Isa 65:8; Lev 19:27 (H), Ruth 4:6 דַּיָּם ׳הִשׁ Jer 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; accusative of person = ruin, destroy, 1Sam 26:9; 1Sam 26:15; Judg 20:21; Judg 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), vJudg 20:35 vJudg 20:42; 2Kgs 13:23; 2Chr 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 t., + (accusative of person omitted) Isa 51:13 + 4 t., accusative בֵּית דָּוִד 2Chr 21:7, absolute Isa 11:9 = Isa 65:25 also ruin one (by words) Prov 11:9 accusative עַם 2Sam 24:16; Deut 9:26 land 1Sam 6:5; Jer 36:29; Dan 11:17 (see Dr); city wall 2Sam 20:15 (Ew Th here denominative from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < ᵐ5 We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְחַשְּׁבִים were devising), Lam 2:8, cities and nations Gen 18:28 (twice in verse) (J, accusative omitted), Gen 19:13; Gen 19:14 (J), Isa 37:12 (Pi`el in || 2Kgs 19:12), 2Kgs 36:10 (twice in verse) = 2Kgs 18:25 (twice in verse) + 11 t. + (Israel personified) Deut 4:31; Deut 10:10; 2Kgs 8:19, pride of Judah Jer 13:9, earth Jer 51:1 absolute with adverb accusative Dan 8:24 (see Dr; Bev conjecture יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), compare 1Chr 21:12 Participle as adjective, of lion Jer 2:30, angel 1Chr 21:15 = destroyer Exod 12:23 (J), Jer 22:7; Isa 54:16, גּוֺיִם ׳מ Jer 4:7, ׳רוּחַ מ Jer 51:1 singular collective (׳הַמּ Ges^{«GKC:126l»§ 126l}; the destroying band, compare Dr Bu Now) 1Sam 13:17; 1Sam 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); figurative for snare, trap, Jer 5:26.

2. pervert, corrupt, morally, accusative דֶּרֶךְ Gen 6:12 (P; see דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֺ Prov 6:32, compare Zeph 3:7; Ezek 23:11 (מִן compare); ׳הִשׁ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Ps 14:1 = Ps 53:2 ׳הַשְׁחֵת תַּשְׁח (+ verb of particular act) Deut 4:16; Deut 31:29 declar. = act corruptly, Isa 1:4; Deut 4:28 (+ verb of act), 2Chr 27:2, + מִן compare Judg 2:19; Ezek 16:47 Participle as substantive Jer 6:28, ׳אִישׁ מַשׁ Prov 28:24 (Prov 18:9 see infra). — אַלתַּֿשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody ?) in Psalm-titles: Prov 57:1; Prov 58:1; Prov 59:1; Prov 75:1. Hoph`al Participle מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֺר Prov 25:26 (|| מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as substantive Mal 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

way, ways, toward, journey, manner, …

derek

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

way, road, distance, journey, manner

road, way, path

וַ יַּחֲנ֖וּ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַּחֲנ֖וּ

Root word pitched, encamped, encamp, pitch, tents, …

Dictionary form: חָנָה · haw-NAW

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: me and encamp

and pitched ×50 and encamped ×23 pitched ×7 and they pitched ×5 encamped ×4 shall pitch ×4 and encamp ×2 and pitched his tent ×2

More options

camp — Most versatile; suits narrative and military contexts.

encamp — Slightly formal; good for military or ceremonial settings.

set up camp — Natural, modern phrase; vivid for narrative prose.

pitch tents — Concrete imagery; emphasizes the physical act of settling.

settle — Broader; use when temporary dwelling is implied.

bivouac — Military register; use sparingly for armed encampments.

BDB2914 H2583

חָנָה₁₄₃ verb decline, bend down, encamp (Aramaic to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinjirli מחנת construct camp, Inscription Panammu^{13. 16. 17}; Arabic bend, curve, bend down; Assyrian mûnu, mênu and tênû, couch, mânîtu, house, Zim^{BP 44, 45} Dl in Zim¹¹⁷) —

Qal Perfect חָנָה 1Sam 26:5; Isa 29:1 וְחָנִ֫יתִי consecutive Isa 29:3; Zech 9:8 חָנוּ Num 2:34 + 2 t.; וְחָנוּ consecutive Num 1:52 Imperfect וַיִּחַן Gen 26:17 + 9 t.; 3 feminine singular תַּחֲנֶה Ps 27:3 יַחֲנוּ Num 1:50 + 13 t. Numbers + Exod 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Exod 13:26 + 79 t. (of which 42 in Num 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Judg 11:18 2 masculine plural תַּחֲנוּ Exod 14:2 1 plural וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezra 8:15 Imperative חֲנֵה 2Sam 12:28 חֲנוּ Num 31:19; Jer 50:29 Infinitive חֲנוֺת Judg 19:9 חֲנֹת Num 1:51 suffix חֲנֹתֵנוּ Num 10:31 חֲנֹתְכֶם Deut 1:33 Participle חֹנֶה Exod 18:5; Ps 34:8 feminine חֹנָה 2Sam 23:13; 1Chr 11:15 חֹנָ֑ךְ Ps 53:6 plural חֹנִים Exod 14:9 + 11 t.; חוֺנִים Num 2:2; Nah 3:17 —

1. decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֺת הַיּוֺם Judg 19:9 (|| ׳רָפָה הַיּ לַעֲרוֺב; also ׳נְטוֺת הַיּ V:8; הַיּוֺם רַד מְאֹד vJudg 19:11).

2. encamp (properly verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day's march): —
a. of single nomad Gen 26:17 (J; followed by ב), Gen 33:18 (E; followed by אֶתפֿני).
b. of Israel at Exodus and in wilderness Exod 13:20 (ב) Exod 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), vExod 14:2 (עַל), + approximately 80 t. (Hexateuch chiefly P); also (absolute) Num 9:18; Num 9:20; Num 9:22; Num 9:23 compare Ezra 8:15; Neh 11:30 so they encamped (i.e. settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (|| ישׁבו vNeh 11:25).
c. of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Canaan, etc.) Josh 4:19; Josh 5:10 + often; (2) Philistines 1Sam 4:1; 1Sam 13:16; 2Sam 23:23 +; usually followed by ב location Num 10:31; 1Sam 4:1; 1Sam 13:16; Josh 4:19; 1Sam 13:5 + 63t. (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ 2Sam 24:5 read וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן ᵐ5^L We Dr see חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in simile) Nah 3:17 also followed by עַל = by, near Exod 14:2; Exod 14:9; Exod 15:27; Num 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:5; Num 2:12; Num 2:27; Num 3:29; Num 3:35 (על ירך), Num 33:10; Judg 7:1; 1Sam 4:1 עלפֿני השׂדה (על in different sense) 2Sam 11:11 followed by עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Josh 10:5; Josh 10:31; Josh 10:34; Judg 6:4; Judg 20:19; 1Sam 11:1; 2Sam 12:28; 1Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 25:1; 2Chr 32:1; Jer 50:29; Jer 52:4; Ps 27:3 followed by אֶלֿ in same sense Josh 11:5 metaphor of God's hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Isa 29:3 followed by also לְ = at, by Num 2:34; Zech 9:8 אשׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם Exod 18:5; 1Sam 26:5 followed by סביב לְ for protection Num 1:50; Num 1:53, compare metaphor Ps 34:8, but also hostility Job 19:12 also follwed by other prepositions and prepositional phrases, e.g. מֵעֵבֶר Num 21:13 מחוץ Num 31:19 בין 1Sam 17:1 נגד 1Kgs 20:27 etc.; followed by accusative of location 2Sam 17:26 followed by suffix accusative with hostile sense חֹנָ֑ךָ Ps 53:6 without preposition or noun following, in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Num 9:18; Num 9:20; Num 9:22; Num 9:23; Ezra 8:15; 2Sam 11:11 +; poetic of David in Jerusalem, Isa 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.

pitched, encamped, encamp, pitch, tents, …

ḥānâ

properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or siege)

to decline, incline, encamp, bend down, lay siege against

(Qal)

to decline

סָבִ֣יב

Root word about, side, compass, round, circuits

Dictionary form: סָבִיב · saw-BEEB

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: round about

round about ×161 on every side ×15 thereof round about ×14 are round about ×12 it round about ×9 were round about ×7 about ×6 round about him ×5

More options

surrounding — Versatile adjective/participle; fits most contexts naturally.

around — Clean preposition/adverb for motion or position contexts.

on all sides — Emphasizes completeness or encirclement; vivid in military scenes.

encircling — Active, dynamic feel; good for siege or boundary descriptions.

nearby — Softer spatial sense; use when 'around' feels too precise.

in every direction — Highlights totality; suits panoramic or cosmic descriptions.

BDB5477 H5439 H4036 H5437

סָבִיב₃₃₆ substantive, used mostly as adverb and preposition, circuit, round about: — construct סְבִיב Amos 3:11 plural construct סְבִיבֵי Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13, suffix סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 t.), much oftener סְבִיבוֺת Exod 7:24 + 22 t., סְבִיבוֺתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Deut 17:14, etc. (48 t.): —

1. in singular —
a. as substantive 1Chr 11:8 מןהֿמלוא וְעַדהַֿסָּבִיב and to the parts round about.
b. as adverb accusative סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gen 23:17 בְּכָלגְּֿבֻלוֺ סָבִיב Exod 19:12; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:25; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Judg 20:29; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 5:11; Ps 3:7 שָׁתוּ עָלָ֑י ׳אֲשֶׁר ס, Ps 12:9; Ps 34:8 + often; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2Chr 4:3; Ezek 8:10 ׳ס ׳עַל הַקִּיר ס, Ezek 37:2; Ezek 40:5 and often in Ezek 40-43.
c. as preposition:
(a) Psalms, Amos 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read probably with ᵑ6 יְסֹבֵב will encircle).
(b) ׳סָבִיב לְ Exod 16:13; Exod 40:33; Num 1:50; Num 1:53; Num 2:2; Judg 7:21; 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:35; Ezek 41:10; Ezek 14:16; Job 19:12; Ps 34:8; Ps 78:28; Ps 125:2 (twice in verse) סָבִיב לְעַמּוֺ ׳י, Ps 128:3; Song 3:7; Nah 3:8.
(c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5 (omitted by ᵐ5), Ezek 43:17.
d. מִסָּבִיב₄₂, from round about, from every side, Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:22; Ezek 37:21, but usually (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Jer 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Isa 42:25 ׳וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ, Joel 4:11; Joel 4:12 Psalms מָגוֺר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side ! Jer 6:25; Jer 20:3; Jer 20:10; Jer 46:5; Jer 49:29; Ps 31:14, compare Lam 2:22 especially in the Deuteronomic phrases ׳אוֺיְבִים מ, or ׳הֵנִיחַ מ (sometimes in combination), as Deut 12:10 ׳והניח לכם מכלאֿויביכם מ, Deut 25:19; Josh 21:42 ׳לָהֶם מ ׳וַיָּנַח י, Josh 23:1; Judg 2:14; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, Num 16:24; Num 16:27. — On 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6; Job 10:8 see סָבַב.

2. In plur.: —
a. סְבִיבִים:
(a) in masculine sense, those round about, Ps 76:12 כָּלסְֿבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי, Ps 89:8; Jer 48:17; Jer 48:39.
(b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Jer 49:5 מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Jer 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּלסְֿבִיבֶיהָ, Jer 46:14 with the force of a perp., Ps 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, Ps 97:2; Lam 1:17.
b. סְבִיבוֺת
(a) as substantive (α) circuits, Eccl 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Num 22:4 ילחכו הקהל אתכֿלסְֿבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Jer 17:26; Jer 50:32 (compare Jer 21:14 above); with reference to their inhabitants, Ps 44:19 = Ps 79:4 ׳לעג וקלס לסב, Ezek 16:57; Ezek 28:24; Dan 9:16.
(b) with the force a preposition Exod 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר literally (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Num 11:24; Num 11:31; Num 11:32; Num 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Judg 7:18; 1Sam 26:5; 1Sam 26:7; 2Kgs 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, Ps 18:12; Ps 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; often idiomatic preceded by אשׁר, as Gen 33:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם Gen 41:48; Lev 25:44; Num 16:34; Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Deut 17:14; Deut 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֺתָם Ezek 28:26.

about, side, compass, round, circuits

sābîb

(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

(subst) places round about, circuit, round about

לְ אָהֳלִֽ י

לְ

Prefix — preposition to, for

אָהֳלִֽ

Root word tabernacle, tent, tents, tabernacles, dwelling, …

י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: אֹהֶל · oh-HEL

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my tabernacle

of the tabernacle ×71 the tabernacle ×48 in the tabernacle ×31 the tent ×14 of the tent ×12 his tent ×9 their tents ×7 in the tent ×6

More options

tent — Most common, concrete, everyday shelter meaning.

dwelling — Broader; suits poetic or metaphorical contexts.

tabernacle — Retain only for the sacred wilderness sanctuary.

shelter — Emphasizes protection; good for figurative passages.

home — Warm, relational nuance; fits familial or personal contexts.

encampment — Use when plural implies a settled group of tents.

BDB154 H168 H169

אֹ֫הֶל₃₄₃ noun masculine^{Gen 13:3} tent (compare Assyrian âlu, above, Arabic , fellow-dwellers, family, Sabean אהל DHM^{ZMG 1883, 341} and others, also in proper names Sabean & Phoenician see אהליאב) — absolute ׳א Gen 4:20 +; construct id. Exod 28:43 +; אֹ֫הֱלָה (ה locative) Gen 18:6 +; suffix אָהֳלִי Job 29:4 +; אָֽהָלִךָ Ps 61:5 אָֽהֳלֹה Gen 9:21 + 3 t. (see Dr^{Sm xxxv}); plural אֹהָלִים Gen 13:5 + (Ges^{«GKC:23»§ 23}. 3); בָֽאֳהָלִים Judg 8:11 +; construct אָהֳלֵי Num 16:26 +; suffix אֹהָלַי Jer 4:20 אֹהָלֶיךָ Num 24:5 +; אָהֳלֵיכֶם Josh 22:8 +, etc. —

1. tent of nomad Song 1:5; Jer 6:3; Jer 49:29 ׳ישֵׁב א dweller in tents Gen 4:20; Gen 25:27 (J); אָהֳלֵי מִקְנֶה tents of cattle 2Chr 14:14 of soldier 1Sam 17:54 compare Dr, Jer 37:10; 1Kgs 8:66 לְאֹהָלֶיךָ, ישׂראל, exclamation, to thy tents, Israel ! 1Kgs 12:16 (twice in verse) compare 2Chr 10:16; 2Sam 20:1 (but compare Dr, 1Sam 17:54); of pleasure-tent on house-top 2Sam 16:22 (= bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, compare חֻפָּה Ps 19:5; Joel 2:16 see RS^{Kinship 168}).

2. dwelling, habitation; Ps 91:10 לְאֹהָלֶ֑ךָ home (literally to thy tents, plural) Judg 19:9 (after הלך); ׳א בֵּיתִי habitation of my house Ps 132:3 compare Dan 11:45 דוד ׳א habitation or palace of David where throne erected Isa 16:5 בַת צִיּוֺן ׳א h. of daughter of Zion (= Jerusalem) Lam 2:4 אָהֲלֵי יַעֲקֹב Jer 30:18; Mal 2:12 (|| מִשְׁכָּן); יְהוּדָה ׳א Zech 12:7 (|| בית דוד); רְשָׁעִים ׳א h. of wicked Job 8:22, compare רֶשַׁע ׳א Ps 84:11, יְשָׁרִים ׳א Prov 14:11 שֹׁחַד ׳א Job 15:34 צַדִּיקִים ׳א Ps 118:15 אֱדוֺם ׳א = Edom itself, Ps 83:7 compare קְדָר ׳א Ps 120:5 כוּשָׁן ׳א Hab 3:7.

3. the sacred tent used in worship of God; הָאֹהֶל the tent; מוֺעֵד ׳א tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Ges MV and others) According to E Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face, Exod 33:7-11; Num 12:5; Num 12:10; Deut 31:14; Deut 31:15 J seems to have same conception of an ׳מ ׳א outside the camp, Num 11:24; Num 11:26 D has no allusion to such a tent; P mentions it 131 t. as ׳מ ׳א; 19 t. as הָאֹהֶל (compare Ezek 41:1) & הָעֵדוּת ׳א, tent of the testimony Num 9:15; Num 17:22; Num 17:23; Num 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the testimony) compare 2Chr 24:6 this tent sometimes confounded with the מִשְׁכָּן but distinguished in ׳מ ׳מִשְׁכַּן א Exod 39:32; Exod 40:2; Exod 40:6; Exod 40:29, compare 1Chr 6:17 הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהָאֹהֶל Num 3:25 אֶתהַֿמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֶתאָֿהֳלוֺ Exod 35:11 tent was of three layers of skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in form of a tent, covering & protecting the מִשְׁכָּן, which was in form of parallelopip. (Exod 26). An אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד was at Shilo 1Sam 2:22 (omitted ᵐ5; see Dr) compare Ps 78:60, called יוֺסֵף ׳א vPs 78:67. The Mosaic ׳מ ׳א was later at Gibeon 2Chr 1:3; 2Chr 1:6; 2Chr 1:13 courses of ministry arranged for service at ׳מ ׳א 1Chr 6:17; 1Chr 23:32 compare 1Chr 9:19 (׳הָא), v1Chr 9:21 v1Chr 9:23 (׳בֵּית הָא); David erected an אֹהֶל for ark on Mt. Zion 2Sam 6:17; 1Chr 15:1; 1Chr 16:1; 2Chr 1:4 Joab fled for refuge to יהוה ׳א 1Kgs 2:28-30 sacred oil brought from ׳הָא 1Kgs 1:39 the מוֺעֵד ׳א was taken up into temple 1Kgs 8:4 = 2Chr 5:5 ׳י had not previously dwelt in a בַּיִת, but had gone מֵאֹהֶל אֶלאֹֿהֶל from tent to tent, from one to another, 1Chr 17:5, compare 2Sam 7:6 יהוה ׳א (|| בַּיִת & הַר קֹדֶשׁ) is refuge & dwelling-place of righteous, Ps 15:1; Ps 27:5; Ps 27:6; Ps 61:5 (compare Ps 90:1).

tabernacle, tent, tents, tabernacles, dwelling, …

ʾōhel

a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)

tent

nomad's tent, and thus symbolic of wilderness life, transience

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3162

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Grammar Vqi3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H935

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Grammar Ncmpc/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1416

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Grammar C/Vqw3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5549

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Grammar R/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5921

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Grammar Ncbsc/Sp3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1870

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Grammar C/Vqw3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2583

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Grammar Ncbsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5439

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Grammar R/Ncmsc/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H168

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV