BDB1688 H1571
BDB1687 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1689
גַּם768 adverb denoting addition, also, moreover, yea (Moabite id., also Zinjirli (Lzb250 Cooke166); probably akin to √ ; compare (accusative) in a mass, altogether) —
1. also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as
Gen 3:6 וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ and gave
also to her husband, v
Gen 3:27 and take
also of the tree of life,
Gen 7:3;
Gen 19:21;
Gen 24:19;
Gen 26:21;
Gen 29:27;
Gen 30:15;
Gen 32:21 (
גַּם הִגֵּה ֗֗֗ : so
Esth 7:9)
Gen 48:11;
Exod 8:28;
Exod 12:32b
Deut 1:37;
1Sam 28:20;
2Sam 11:12;
2Kgs 9:27;
Isa 7:13 +. Often before pronouns,
Gen 4:4 וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא and Abel,
he also brought,
Gen 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא (so only here) and she herself
also, v
Gen 20:6;
Gen 27:31 וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא,
Gen 30:8;
Deut 3:20;
Judg 3:31;
Judg 6:35;
Judg 9:19;
1Sam 19:20-24;
Jer 12:6;
Jer 48:26 etc. (compare
MI6 ויאמר גם הא): especially in genealogies of
J (
BuUrg. 220)
Gen 4:22;
Gen 4:26;
Gen 10:21;
Gen 19:38;
Gen 22:20;
Gen 22:24 compare
Judg 8:31.
גַּם followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style,
thou (they) also,
Isa 14:10;
Jer 12:6 (twice in verse);
Jer 48:7;
Ezek 16:52;
Nah 3:11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (
Ges«GKC:135»§ 135, 2)
Gen 27:34;
1Sam 19:23;
2Sam 17:5;
Jer 25:14;
Jer 27:7 +.
וְגַם and also (more often than
גַּם alone attaching a sentence)
Gen 6:4;
Gen 14:16;
Gen 15:14;
Gen 17:16;
Gen 20:12;
Gen 24:14;
Gen 24:46;
Gen 30:6;
Gen 37:7;
Gen 38:24;
Gen 42:28;
Exod 2:19;
Exod 3:9;
Exod 4:14;
Josh 7:11 (5 t.)
1Sam 4:17;
1Kgs 21:19 + often; with a negative =
neither Exod 5:2;
Exod 34:3 and elsewhere —
גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם (like
et ... et)
both ... and Gen 44:16;
Gen 47:3;
Gen 47:19;
Num 18:3;
Jer 51:12;
Ps 49:3 +:
גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם Gen 24:25; Judg 8:22; Eccl 9:6: with a negative neither ... nor Num 23:25; 1Sam 20:27; 1Kgs 3:26, and (3 t.) Gen 43:8; Exod 4:10; 1Sam 28:6. So (but seldom) גַּםוְ֗֗֗גַם Gen 24:44; Gen 1:26; Gen 12:14; Gen 26:25: with negative 1Sam 21:9. — 2. with stress on a particular word,
even,
Exod 4:9;
Num 22:33 גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive,
2Sam 17:10;
Jer 2:33;
Ps 132:12;
Prov 14:13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, v
Prov 14:20;
Prov 17:28;
Prov 20:11;
Ruth 2:15;
Neh 3:35 and so often after
כִּי,
Deut 12:31 for
even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods,
1Sam 22:17;
Isa 26:12;
Jer 6:11;
Jer 12:6;
Jer 14:5;
Hos 9:12 כִּיגַֿםאֿוֺי לָהֶם for
even woe is it to them when I depart from them;
הֲגַם Gen 16:13;
1Sam 10:11;
1Sam 10:12 =
1Sam 19:24;
1Kgs 17:20;
Ps 78:20;
Job 41:1;
Esth 7:8. Other cases: —
1Sam 24:12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see,
yea see ! (but
HupQu. Job vi. גַּם רָאֹה: compare below)
Ps 118:11;
Job 2:10 גַּם אֶתהַֿטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל shall we receive
good (emphatic) from God and not evil ?
Job 21:7 interposed once between a substantive and adjective
Gen 20:4 gentemne
etiam justam interficies? emphasizing
כֹּל,
Deut 28:61;
Judg 9:49b
1Sam 22:7 גַּםֿ לְכֻלְּכֶם to
all (emphatic) of you will he give ...?
2Sam 19:31 גַּם אֶתהַֿכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח yea, the whole let him take!
Isa 26:12 אֶחָד 2Sam 17:12b and we will not leave
גַּם אֶחָד ֗֗֗ even one (similarly v
2Sam 17:13 b),
Ps 14:3 (=
Ps 53:4)
אֵין גַּם אֶחָד; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb,
Gen 31:15;
Gen 46:4;
Num 11:15;
Num 16:13;
1Sam 1:6.
גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם literally
even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German
alle beide) is said idiomatically,
Gen 27:45 (
שְׁנֵיכֶם),
Deut 22:22;
Deut 23:19;
1Sam 25:43 (
שְׁתֵּיהֶן),
Prov 17:15;
Prov 20:10;
Prov 20:12;
Ruth 1:5.
3. introducing a climax,
yea, especially in a rhetorical style,
Gen 27:33;
Deut 23:3;
Deut 23:4;
Judg 5:4 (twice in verse);
Isa 13:3;
Isa 14:8;
Isa 43:13 yea, from to-day I am the same,
Isa 44:12 גַּם רָעֵב yea, he is hungry, and has no strength,
Isa 47:3;
Isa 48:8 (3 t. in verse);
Isa 57:7;
Jer 46:16;
Jer 48:2;
Jer 51:44;
Hos 7:9;
Ps 41:10;
Ps 84:7;
Ps 139:12;
Isa 66:8 כִּיחָֿ֫לָה גַּםיָָֽֿלְדָה,
צִיּוֺן אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ,
Jer 5:28;
Jer 12:2;
Ezek 24:5;
Job 21:7;
Song 8:1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case,
yea, even,
Isa 49:15 yea, these may forgot,
Jer 8:17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc.,
Isa 23:12 גַּם שָׁם even there no rest shall be for thee (so
Ps 139:10),
Isa 49:25;
Isa 57:6;
Jer 23:11b;
Mal 3:15;
Ps 84:4.
4. expressing
correspondence, especially in the matter of
retribution (the
גַּם correlativum), so frequently
גַּם אֲנִי,
גַּם אָנֹכִי I
also (on my part): —
Gen 20:6 I
also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently,
Josh 24:18;
Judg 2:21;
1Sam 1:28 (compare
Dr)
1Sam 28:22 גַּם אַתָּה thou
also (as I have done v
1Sam 28:21),
2Sam 12:13 ׳י also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin,
2Kgs 2:3;
2Kgs 2:5;
Isa 31:2;
Isa 66:3-4 (
גם ֗֗֗ גם, emphasizing the action of both parties),
Jer 2:36;
Jer 4:12 now will I
also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them,
Jer 7:11;
Jer 51:49 (
גם ֗֗֗ גם),
Ezek 5:8;
Ezek 5:11;
Ezek 16:43 (
וְגַם = therefore
also),
Ezek 23:35;
Hos 4:6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I
also (on my part) will forget thy children,
Ps 52:7 (thou lovest evil, etc.)
גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God
also (on his part) will pluck thee up,
Ps 71:22;
Ps 133:1;
Prov 1:26;
Job 7:11;
Job 12:3;
Job 16:4 so
וְגַם Judg 2:3;
Amos 4:6;
Amos 4:7;
Mic 6:13;
Mal 2:9. In the apodosis (uncommon):
Gen 13:16 if a man could number the dust of the earth,
גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה thy seed
also should be numbered,
Jer 31:36;
Jer 31:37;
Jer 33:21;
Jer 33:26;
Zech 8:6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax:
Gen 27:33;
Gen 30:8 I have wrestled,
גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי (compare
1Kgs 22:22 וְגַם תּוּכָ֔ל,
Jer 50:24),
Isa 66:8.