BDB2211 H2015
BDB2210 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2212
הָפַךְ verb turn, overturn (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic הֲפַךְ, , Arabic WSG 47, Assyrian abâku, apâku DlW) — 1. transitive
a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (
עֹרֶף)
Josh 7:8 (
JE); a dish (
צַלַּחַת)
עַלפָּֿנֶיהָ 2Kgs 21:13 the hand, & so the horses of a chariot
1Kgs 22:34 =
2Chr 18:33;
2Kgs 9:23 but also (followed by
בְּ) of hostility
Lam 3:3 turn a cake (passive)
Hos 7:8 of
׳י,
שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה ׳ה Zeph 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by
אֶלעַֿמִּים;
לֵב אַחֵר 1Sam 10:9 another heart, followed by
לוֺ; turn a wind (
רוּחַ; i.e. bring from different quarter)
Exod 10:19 (
J).
b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc.,
Gen 19:21;
Gen 19:25;
Gen 19:29 (
J),
Deut 29:22;
Jer 20:16;
Lam 4:6 (compare
׳מַהְפֵּכַת וגו Amos 4:11 see below; also
הֲפֵכָה, [
מַהְפֵּכָה]); city of Ammon
2Sam 10:3 =
1Chr 19:3 (object omitted); mountains
Job 9:5;
Job 28:9 throne
Hag 2:22 (||
הִשְׁמִיד), chariots v
Hag 2:22 tent (
אֹהֶל),
לְמַ֫עְלָה ׳ה Judg 7:3 object earth (
׳ה =
devastate)
Job 12:15 wicked men
Amos 4:11 (
יֲמֹרָה הָפַכְּתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶתסְֿדֹם וְאֶתֿ)
Prov 12:7;
Job 34:25 (object omitted).
c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative =
alter; a colour (
עֵינוֺ)
Lev 13:55 (
P); skin
Jer 13:33 bed (
מִשְׁכָּבוֺ see
׳מ;
Che his lying down)
Ps 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2)
pervert דִבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים Jer 23:36 (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive
Ps 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4)
turn to, into, followed by two accusative
Lev 13:10;
Ps 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative +
לְ,
Ps 66:6 sea into dry land,
Ps 78:44 rivers into blood, compare
Ps 105:29;
Jer 31:13 mourning into joy, so
Ps 30:12;
Amos 5:7 justice into wormwood, compare
Amos 6:12;
Amos 8:10 feasts into mourning;
Deut 23:6 =
Neh 13:2 curse into blessing;
Amos 5:8 death-shade into morning.
1. reflexive & intrans.
a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare
Qal 2 a)
Josh 8:20 (
JE);
turn aside Ps 78:57 turn from side to side
Ezek 4:8 pains turned upon (
עַל)
her 1Sam 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare
Dan 10:16 turn against followed by
בְּ Job 19:19 turn to (
ward), followed by
עַל,
Isa 60:5 (||
בא לְ).
b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective
Lev 13:25 (
P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant
Jer 2:21 no predicate expressed
Job 20:14 (compare v
b); of heart turned in compassion
Hos 11:8 (||
נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י), in sorrow, distress,
Lam 1:20 of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed
toward (followed by
אֶל)
Exod 14:5 (
J) = change of mind; followed by
לְ, of plague spots changing colour
Lev 13:16;
Lev 13:17 (
P); rod changing to serpent
Exod 7:15 (
P); faces to paleness
Jer 30:6 dance to mourning
Lam 5:15 comeliness to corruption
Dan 10:8 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֺיֵב Isa 63:10;
Job 30:21.
c. be perverse, only participle used substantive
נֶהְפָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ Prov 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue. 2. passive,
a. be turned, turned over to followed by
לְ, an inheritance to strangers
Lam 5:2.
b. be reversed Esth 9:1.
c. be turned, changed, followed by
לְ, waters into blood
Exod 7:17;
Exod 7:20 (
E); Saul into another man
1Sam 10:6 streams into pitch
Isa 34:9 sun to darkness
Joel 3:4 stones to chaff
Job 41:20 month changed from sorrow to gladness
Esth 9:22 compare
Ps 32:4 where complement omitted
d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh
Jonah 3:4.
e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners
Job 28:5 =
there is an upturning. Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular
תִּתְהַפֵּךְ Job 38:14 Participle מִתְהַפֵּךְ Judg 7:13;
Job 37:12 מִתְהַפֶּכֶת Gen 3:24 — reflexive & intransitive:
1. turn this way &
that, every way, of the flaming sword
Gen 3:24 (
J); storm-cloud
Job 37:12 turn over & over Judg 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.
2. transform oneself,
Job 38:14 of earth under rising dawn.
Hoph`al Perfect הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֺת Job 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare
הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ v
Job 30:14, of foes).