Job 40:8

הַ֭אַף תָּפֵ֣ר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑י תַּ֝רְשִׁיעֵ֗נִי לְמַ֣עַן תִּצְדָּֽק
Wilt thou also disannul my judgment? wilt thou condemn me, that thou mayest be righteous?
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

הַ ֭אַף
הַ
Prefix — question marker turns the sentence into a question
֭אַף
Adverb also, yea, less, more, even, …
Dictionary form: אַף · ap

הַ
Question marker This opening ה is not "the" — pointed הֲ (not הַ with a doubling dagesh) it turns the sentence into a question. Read the clause with a "?".

Adverb

In the KJV here: wilt thou also
also ×41 yea ×31 how much more ×6 how much less ×5 and also ×4 and ×3 even ×3 wilt thou also ×3
More options
also — Broadest equivalent; works in most additive contexts.
moreover — Signals a stronger, emphatic addition to what precedes.
furthermore — Adds a point that advances the argument forward.
even — Highlights surprise or intensification of the added element.
how much more — Use in a fortiori arguments scaling upward.
how much less — Use in a fortiori arguments scaling downward.

BDB649 H637

BDB648 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB650

II. אַף conjunction denoting addition, especially of something greater, also, yea (so Phoenician, Aramaic , אַף, אוֺף; compare ).

1. very rare in plain prose (in which גַּם is more usual): Gen 40:16* (*with pronoun, as rather often) I also in my dream, Num 16:14; Deut 2:11*; Deut 2:20* 2Sam 20:14 (see Dr) 2Kgs 2:14 * Esth 5:12 more frequently in poetry, especially as introducing emphatically a new thought Deut 33:3; Deut 33:20; Deut 33:28; 1Sam 2:7; Ps 16:6; Ps 16:7; Ps 16:9; Ps 18:49; Ps 65:14 they shout for joy, yea, they sing! Ps 68:9; Ps 68:17; Ps 74:16; Ps 89:28; Ps 1; Prov 22:19* Prov 23:28* +; or in more elevated prose style, Lev 26:16*; Lev 26:24*; Lev 26:28*; Lev 26:41*; and 25 t. in the impassioned rhetoric of Isa2 (Isa 40:24-48:15), e.g. Isa 40:24; Isa 41:10; Isa 41:26; Isa 42:13; Isa 43:7; Isa 43:19; Isa 46:11 yea, I have spoken, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed, I will also do it! Isa 48:12; Isa 48:15. Implying something surprising or unexpected, even, indeed Job 14:3; Job 15:4*. וְאַף and also Lev 26:39; Lev 26:40; Lev 26:42; Lev 26:44; Deut 15:17; Hab 2:15; Ps 68:19; 1Chr 8:32* = 1Chr 9:38* 2Chr 12:5* Neh 2:18; Neh 13:15 and even Job 19:4 וְאַףאָֿמְנָם שָׁגִיתִי and even indeed (if) I have erred . . . With הֲ, הַאַף indeed . . .? really . . .? Gen 18:13; Gen 18:23 wilt thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? vGen 18:24; Amos 2:11; Job 34:17; Job 40:8. In contrast to a preceding thought (expressed or implied) but, nay (imo) Ps 44:10; Ps 58:3 compare Judg 5:29*.

2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with reference to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori, the more so (= how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a negative one): 2Sam 4:10f. when one told me, Saul is dead . . . I took hold of him and slew him . . . ׳אַף כִּיאֲֿנָשִׁים רְשָׁעִים הָרְגוּ וג à fortiori, how much more (should I do so when wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ezek 14:21 (Ew Hi) Ezek 15:5; Prov 21:27 (in all these passages כִּי = when) Job 4:19. So וְאַף 1Sam 23:3; 2Kgs 5:13 . . . וְאַף כִּיאָֿמַר אֵלֶיךָ and the more (= and how much rather), when he hath said to thee, etc. More commonly in this sense strengthened by כִּי (q. v.), see below

BDB9331 H637 H638

BDB9330 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9332

אַף conjunction also (Biblical Hebrew אַף; Egyptian Aramaic, Palmyrene אף (S-CPap. Lzb224); ᵑ7 אַף, ᵑ7J also אוֺף; Syriac ; — also, alwlays וְאַף Dan 6:23; Ezra 5:10; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:5.

also, yea, less, more, even, …
ʾap
meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
  • (conj) (denoting addition, especially of something greater) also, yea, though, so much the more
    • "(adv) furthermore, indeed

תָּפֵ֣ר
תָּפֵ֣ר
Root word break, broken, void, defeat, disannul, …
Dictionary form: פָּרַר · paw-RAHR

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: disannul
break ×4 he hath broken ×2 me and break ×2 that i might break ×2 and break ×1 and hath broken ×1 and it was broken ×1 and they have broken ×1
More options
nullify — Best for legal/covenantal contexts; annulling agreements or laws.
frustrate — Fits plans or purposes being blocked or thwarted.
violate — Strong term; suits breaking oaths, covenants, or treaties.
defeat — Preferred when an enemy's plan or counsel is countered.
dissolve — Good for covenants or bonds being formally undone.
shatter — More physical or vivid; emphasizes forceful breaking apart.

BDB6817 H6331 H6565

BDB6816 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6818

[פָּרַר] verb Hiph`il break, frustrate (Late Hebrew Pi`el crumble; Jewish-Aramaic פְּרַר; Assyrian parâru, destroy; II. shatter; Lihyanian והפרו destroy, DHMEpigr. Denkm., No. 21, 7); — Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵפֵר Isa 33:8 +, הֵפַ֑ר Gen 17:14; Num 15:31 also metaplastic from הֵפִיר Ezek 17:19; Ps 33:10 (Ges«GKC:67v»§ 67v); 2 masculine singular וְהֵפַרְדָמתּ֫ה 2Sam 15:34, etc., Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָפֵר Num 30:13 +, וַיָּפֶר Neh 4:9, etc.; also 1 singular אָפִיר Ps 89:34 (Gesi.c.); Imperative masculine singular הָפֵר 2Chr 16:3; Ps 85:5, הָפֵרָה 1Kgs 15:19 Infinitive absolute הָפֵר Prov 15:22 +; construct לְהָפֵר 2Sam 17:14 +, לְהָפֵיר Zech 11:10, suffix לְהַפְרְכֶם Lev 26:15 (Ges«GKC:67dd»§ 67dd); Participle מֵפֵר Isa 44:25; Job 5:12 —

1. break, violate, especially with accusative בְּרִית:
  a. of ׳י Judg 2:1; Jer 14:21; Lev 26:44; Zech 11:10.
  b. of men violating covenant with ׳י Jer 11:10; Jer 31:32; Deut 31:16; Deut 31:20; Lev 26:15; Ezek 44:7; Gen 17:14; Isa 24:5 compare Jer 33:20.
  c. of men breaking compact, league (with men), Isa 33:8; 1Kgs 15:19 = 2Chr 16:3; Ezek 17:15; Ezek 17:16; Ezek 17:18; Ezek 17:19.
  d. of destroying the אַחֲוָה between Judah and Israel Zech 11:14.
  e. of breaking ׳י's מִצְוָה Num 15:31; Ezra 9:14, תּוֺרָה Ps 119:126.
2. frustrate, make ineffectual::
  a. counsel (עֵצָה) 2Sam 15:34; 2Sam 17:14; Ezra 4:5 ׳י subject Neh 4:9; Ps 33:10 of man frustrating ׳י's counsel Isa 14:27, so, with accusative מִשְׁפָּט Job 40:8 with accusative מַחֲשָׁבוֺת in general, of men Prov 15:22, ׳י subject Job 15:12 so, with accusative אֹתוֺת Isa 44:25.
  b. make vow (נֶדֶר) ineffectual, annul it Num 30:9; Num 30:14 (opposed to חֵקִים), v.Num 30:13, also (Imperfect + Infinitive absolute) v.Num 30:13; Num 30:16.
  c. of annulling (godly) fear Job 15:4 חַסְדִּי לֹא אָפִיר מֵעִמּוֺ, Ps 89:34 read probably אָסִיר Ol Che Bae and others; הָפֵר כַּעַסְךָ Ps 85:4 (read הָסֵר ᵐ5 Bi Che).
  d. וְתָפֵר הָאֲבֵיּוֺנָה Eccl 12:5 is dubious: De Wild and others fails (to excite [? וְתֻפַר Hoph`al is made ineffectual]); Ew bursts (Siegf וְתֻפַר); but caper-berry not dehiscent (PostFlora of Syr. 106 ff.); M'Lean-DyerEncy. Bid. 696.): PostLetter, July 28, 1901 breaks up (by shrivelling), figurative of failing sexual power; Aq from פרה bear fruit (compare GFMJBL x (1891), 60); PerlesAnal. 30 וְתִפְרַח. Hoph`al Imperfect
1. be frustratred, 3 feminine singular וְתֻפָ֑ר Isa 8:10 (of עֵצָה).
2. be broken, of covenant, 3 feminine singular תֻּפַר Jer 33:21 וִתֻּפַר Zech 11:11 so Isa 28:18 (read וְתֻפַר for וְכֻפַּר, see ׳כ). Pilpel Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix וַיְפַרְפְּרֵנִי Job 16:12 he hath shattered me.

BDB6818 H6331 H6565

BDB6817 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6819

II. [פָּרַר] verb split, divide (so Ps 74:13 seems to require [but √ פור SS is possible], compare Arabic split, tear, rend; perhaps = I.; > BuhlLex. shake, quike, citing Arabic shake Aramaic אִתְפַּרְפַּר, , compare Late Hebrew פִּרְפֵּר); —

Qal Infinitive absolute + Hithpo`el. Perfect 3 feminine singular פּוֺר הִתְפּוֺרְרָה אֶרֶץ Isa 24:19 split or cracked through is the earth (CheHeb.Hpt. פרוק התפרקה). Po`êl Perfect 2 masculine singular פּוֺרַרְתָּ Ps 74:13 thou [׳י] didst divide the sea.

break, broken, void, defeat, disannul, …
pārar
to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate
  • to break, frustrate
    • (Hiphil)
      • to break, violate
        • "to frustrate, make ineffectual
      (Hophal)
      • to be frustrated
        • "to be broken"to break
      (Pilpel) to break to bits, shatter
    to split, divide
    • (Qal) to split, crack through
      • "(Poel) to break apart"(Hithpoel) to be split, be cracked through

מִשְׁפָּטִ ֑י
מִשְׁפָּטִ
Root word judgment, judgments, manner, right, cause, …
֑י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: מִשְׁפָּט · mish-PAWT

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my judgment
judgment ×62 of judgment ×22 my judgments ×20 and judgment ×16 in judgment ×14 thy judgments ×13 and judgments ×12 after the manner ×10
More options
justice — Best for contexts of fair treatment or legal equity.
judgment — Modernizes KJV; suits judicial decisions or rulings.
ordinance — Prefer for codified legal statutes or divine decrees.
right — Use when emphasizing entitlement or what is due.
custom — Good for social or cultural norms and practices.
sentence — Specific to formal verdicts pronounced by a judge.

BDB8959 H4941

BDB8958 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8960

מִשְׁפָּט422 noun masculineGen 40:13 judgment; — absolute מִשְׁפָּט Exod 21:31 + 203 t., + לְשְִׁ֯פָּט Ezek 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁפֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁפַּט Exod 23:6 + 50 t.; suffix מִשְׁפָּטִי Isa 40:27 +; מִשְׁפָּטָם Jer 49:12 +; מִשְׁפָּטָן Num 27:5 plural מִשְׁפָּטִים Jer 4:12 + 34 t.; suffix מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Deut 33:10 +, etc.; —

1. judgment:
  a. act of deciding a case: ׳מ be-longeth to God Deut 1:17, is from him Prov 16:33; Prov 29:26 ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַמּ Mal 2:17 ׳חשֶׁן מ Exod 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so vExod 28:29 vExod 28:30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron vExod 28:30 (P); צֶדֶק ׳מ Deut 16:18 ׳הֵבִין מ Job 32:9 ׳שׁפט מ 1Kgs 3:28 ׳עשׂה מ 1Kgs 3:28 ׳דְּבַר (ה)מ Deut 17:9; 2Chr 19:6 ׳רוח מ Isa 28:6 במשׁפט Lev 19:15; Lev 19:35 (H) Deut 1:17; Prov 16:10; Prov 24:23 חאורים ׳במ Num 27:21 (P); למשׁפט Num 35:12; Josh 20:6 (P) Deut 17:8; Judg 4:5; 2Sam 15:2; 2Sam 15:6; 2Chr 19:8; Isa 34:5; Isa 41:1; Isa 54:17; Isa 59:11; Hab 1:12; Mal 3:5; Ps 9:8; Ps 35:23; Ps 76:10; Ps 122:5; Job 9:19 (Ezek 44:24 see above).
  b. place, court seat of judgment Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 7:7; Isa 28:6; Eccl 3:16.
  c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: ׳הֵבִיא במ Job 14:3; Eccl 11:9; Eccl 12:14 ׳בא במ, with עם Isa 3:14; Job 22:4, with את Ps 143:2, with יחדו Job 9:32, ׳חלד במ Job 34:23, compare Ezek 34:16; Ps 112:5 plural דבּר משׁפטים, with את litigate with Jer 1:16; Jer 4:12; Jer 12:1; Jer 39:5 = Jer 52:9, singular מִשְׁפָּט in || 2Kgs 25:6, by error.
  d. case or cause presented for judgment: ׳בעל מ Isa 50:8 ׳ערךְ מ Job 13:18; Job 23:4 ׳שׁמע מ 1Kgs 3:11 ׳שׁפט מ Lam 3:59, compare Num 27:5 (P) 2Sam 15:4.
  e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1Kgs 20:40 thus is thy sentence; ׳עת ומ Eccl 8:5; Eccl 8:6 time and sentence; ׳על מ Deut 17:11 according to the sentence; מָוֶת ׳מ Deut 19:6; Deut 21:22; Jer 26:11; Jer 26:16 דמים ׳מ Ezek 7:23, compare Hab 1:4 (twice in verse); Ps 7:7; Ps 17:2; Ezek 23:45 plural only Ezek 16:68 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Hos 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי בָאוֺד for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֺר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Hi Che and most modern feminine execution of judgment, in general, ׳עשׂה מ, with בֵּין Jer 7:5; Ezek 18:8, compare Deut 32:41; Zeph 3:8 with בְּ against Ps 119:84; Ps 149:9 ב omitted Ps 9:17; Ezek 39:21, בא אל ׳מ Jer 48:21, ׳ברוח מ Isa 4:4, מואב ׳מ Jer 48:47, compare Isa 53:8; Jer 51:9; Hos 5:1; Hos 5:11; Hos 10:4; Job 36:17 plural Isa 26:8; Isa 26:9; Ezek 5:8; Zeph 3:15; Ps 10:5 in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Mic 7:9; Ps 9:5 לעשׁוקים ׳מ Ps 146:7 והציל ׳דין מ Jer 21:12, compare Zech 7:9; Zech 8:16 plural Ps 48:12 = Ps 97:8; Ps 6; Ps 5; Ps 7 = 1Chr 16:12; 1Chr 16:14.
  g. time of judgment, ׳לִא יקומו במ Ps 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection).
2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude:
  a. of God, ׳אלהי מ Isa 30:18 ׳הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מ Gen 18:25 (J), compare Job 40:8; Deut 32:4; Ps 111:7 he loves it Ps 33:5; Ps 37:28; Ps 99:4 ׳צדק ומ Hos 2:21; Ps 89:15 = Ps 97:2 will not pervert it Job 8:3; Job 34:12, compare Job 37:23 כמשׁפטךָ Ps 119:149 (|| חסדךָ); מִשְׁפָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֺם רָבָּה Ps 36:7 (read singular).
  b. of man: ׳אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ Ps 106:8 (|| צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh ׳מ Ps 37:30 so of thoughts ׳מ Prov 12:5 put on ׳מ as robe Job 29:14, chosen Job 34:4 ׳עשׂה מ: God requires that man should do it Mic 6:8; Isa 1:17; Isa 56:1, compare Isa 61:8 it is the joy of the righteous Prov 21:15 rulers should know it Mic 3:1, compare Prov 29:4 wicked ruler ׳שׂוֺנֵא מ Job 34:17 abhors it Mic 3:9, compare Prov 19:28; Prov 21:7; Prov 28:5.
3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1Sam 8:9; 1Sam 8:11; 1Sam 10:25 (law of king); Levitical ordinances Lev 5:10; Lev 9:16 + 13 t. P, 1Chr 15:13; 1Chr 24:19; 2Chr 4:7; 2Chr 4:20; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 35:13; Neh 8:18 ׳חק ומ Exod 15:25; Josh 24:25 (E) 1Sam 30:25, compare Ps 81:5 ׳חקת מ Num 27:11; Num 35:29 (P); divine law in general יהוה ׳מ Jer 8:7 ׳מ אלהים Isa 58:2; Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5 (|| דֶּרֶךְ), compare Ps 25:9 || תורה Isa 42:4; Isa 51:4; Ezra 7:10 compare Zeph 2:3; Ps 119:43; Ps 119:160 plural of particular ordinances Deut 33:10; Deut 33:21 (poem), Isa 58:2; Ezek 44:24; Ps 19:10; Ps 119:7 + 16 t., Ps 147:20.
4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (see BrHexateuch 252 sq.): singular of particular decision of a case Exod 21:31 (E); plural of series of decisions Exod 21:1; Exod 24:3 (JE) Deut 7:12 (D2); in covt. code and D, collection of pentads in conditional or temporal compare, with כּי or אם in D, and subject in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים Deut 4:1. 5. 8. 14. 45 +; in code of H and after, in combination חקות ומשׁפטים, Lev 18:4; Lev 18:5; Lev 18:26; Lev 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, see BrHexateuch 254 f.); other combinations, redactional and later, Lev 26:46; Num 36:13; Deut 30:16; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Chr 33:8; Neh 9:13; Ps 18:23; Ps 89:31; Ps 147:19.
5. one's (legal) right, privilege, due: הַכּהֲנִים ׳מ Deut 18:3 due of the priests, הַבְּכֹרָה ׳מ Deut 21:17 ׳מ הַגְּאֻלָּה Jer 32:7 right of redemption; הַיְרֻשָּׁה ׳מ vJer 32:8 ׳הִטָּה מ Exod 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Deut 16:19; Deut 23:6; Deut 24:17; Deut 27:19; Deut 1:3; , compare Prov 18:5 יְתוֺם ׳מ Deut 10:18 אביון ׳מ Exod 23:6 (E) Jer 5:28; Ps 140:13 עניים׳מ Isa 10:2; Job 36:6 ׳הסיר מ Job 27:2; Job 34:5, compare Isa 40:27; Isa 49:4.
6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1Kgs 5:8 fitness Isa 28:26; Isa 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; compare Di).
  b. custom, manner: הכהנים ׳מ 1Sam 2:13 custom of the priests (rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁפָּטוֺ 1Sam 27:11 his (David's) custom; ׳מ הגוים 2Kgs 17:33 manner of the nations, compare 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:27 (Rssem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23); ׳כמ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Gen 40:13; Exod 21:9 (E) Judg 18:7; 1Kgs 18:28; 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 17:34; 1Chr 6:17; Ezek 42:11; Ps 119:132.
  c. מה משׁפט Judg 13:12 what manner of a boy, compare 2Kgs 1:7.
  d. plan . . . of the tabernacle Exod 26:30 (P); temple 1Kgs 6:38 palace Jer 30:18.

judgment, judgments, manner, right, cause, …
mišpāṭ
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style
  • judgment, justice, ordinance
    • judgment
      • act of deciding a case
        • "place, court, seat of judgment"process, procedure, litigation (before judges)"case, cause (presented for judgment)"sentence, decision (of judgment)"execution (of judgment)"time (of judgment)
      justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)"ordinance"decision (in law)"right, privilege, due (legal)"proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan

תַּ֝רְשִׁיעֵ ֗נִי
תַּ֝רְשִׁיעֵ
Root word condemn, wickedly, wicked, condemneth, condemning, …
֗נִי
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: רָשַׁע · raw-SHA

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: wilt thou condemn
and condemn ×2 condemn ×2 shall condemn ×2 we have done wickedly ×2 wicked ×2 wickedly departed ×2 and have dealt wickedly ×1 and have done wickedly ×1
More options
act wickedly — Best for describing wicked behavior or conduct.
condemn — Prefer in legal/judicial contexts of pronouncing guilt.
declare guilty — Formal legal register; clearer than 'condemn' for verdicts.
do wrong — Broad, everyday register; suits moral rather than legal contexts.
act unjustly — Emphasizes violation of justice or fairness.
be wicked — Stative use; describes a state of wickedness rather than an act.

BDB8126 H7561

BDB8125 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8127

[רָשַׁע] verb denominative be wicked, act wickedly; —

Qal Perfect 1 singular רָשַׁעָתִּי 2Sam 22:22 +, רָשָׁ֑עְנוּ 1Kgs 8:47 +; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּדְשַׁע Eccl 7:17 1 singular אֶרְשָׁ֑ע Job 9:29; Job 10:7 —
1. be wicked, act wickedly, 1Kgs 8:47 = 2Chr 6:37; Dan 9:15; Eccl 7:17 +מֵאֱלֹהָי 2Sam 22:22 (in departing) from my God = Ps 18:22.
2. be guilty, Job 9:29; Job 10:7; Job 10:15. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִרְשִׁיעַ 2Chr 20:35 3 masculine plural הִרְשִׁיעוּ Deut 25:1; Dan 12:10 1 plural הִרְשַׁעְבוּ Dan 9:5, etc.: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַרְשִׁיעַ Prov 12:2 +; יַרְשִׁעַ Job 34:29 3 masculine plural יַרְשִׁיעֻן Exod 22:8, etc.; Infinitive construct הַרְשִׁיעַ 1Kgs 8:32; 2Chr 22:3 Perfect מַרְשִׁיעַ Pt 2Chr 17:15 plural construct מַרְשִׁיעֵי Dan 11:32 —
1. condemn as guilty, in civil relations, with accusative Exod 22:8 (E) Deut 25:1; Ps 94:21; Job 34:17; Prov 17:15.
2. condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations, with accusative 1Kgs 8:32; Job 9:20; Job 10:2; Job 15:6; Job 32:3; Job 40:8; Ps 37:33; Prov 12:2; Isa 50:9; Isa 54:17, absolute Job 34:29.
3. act wickedly (late), in ethics and religion: Job 34:12 (denied of ׳י), Neh 9:33; Dan 12:10; 2Chr 22:3 || חטא Ps 106:6; Dan 9:5 הרשׁיע לעשׂות 2Chr 20:35 מַרְשִׁיעֵי בְרִית Dan 11:32 — יַרְשִׁיעַ 1Sam 14:47 read יַוָּשֵׁעַ ᵐ5 Capp We Dr Bu HPS.

condemn, wickedly, wicked, condemneth, condemning, …
rāšaʿ
to be (causatively, do or declare) wrong; by implication, to disturb, violate
  • to be wicked, act wickedly
    • (Qal)
      • to be wicked, act wickedly
        • "to be guilty, be condemned
      (Hiphil)
      • to condemn as guilty (in civil relations)
        • "to condemn as guilty (in ethical or religious relations)"to act wickedly (in ethics and religion)

לְמַ֣עַן
לְמַ֣עַן
Preposition that, sake, to, of, for, …
Dictionary form: מַעַן · ma-AN

Preposition

In the KJV here: me that
that ×143 sake ×36 to ×15 because of ×9 and that ×7 for ×4 to the end ×4 to the end that ×4
More options
so that — Most common purpose/result clause; broadly applicable.
in order that — Slightly more formal; emphasizes deliberate intent.
for the sake of — Use when expressing motivation on behalf of someone.
because of — Causal sense; preferred when reason, not purpose, is in view.
to the end that — Modernized KJV; retains formal tone for solemn contexts.
on account of — Slightly more formal causal alternative to 'because of'.

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

BDB6203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6205

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן271 preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
  a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D2); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.


  b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.


  c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Köiii.595 f.). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
  a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
  b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Köiii.571).


  c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Köiii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note
1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (FlKl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

that, sake, to, of, for, …
maʿan
properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
  • purpose, intent
    • (prep) for the sake of
      • "in view of, on account of"for the purpose of, to the intent that, in order to"(conj) to the end that

תִּצְדָּֽק
תִּצְדָּֽק
Root word justified, righteous, justify, just, justice, …
Dictionary form: צָדַק · tsaw-DAHK

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: thou mayest be righteous
be justified ×4 justify ×2 and by justifying ×1 and hast justified ×1 and justifying ×1 and righteous ×1 be cleansed ×1 be just ×1
More options
be just — Broad default; fits legal and moral contexts well.
be righteous — Moral/ethical register; prefer in theological contexts.
be vindicated — Emphasizes external declaration of innocence or right standing.
be acquitted — Legal register; suits courtroom or judicial settings.
justify — Active causative sense; declaring or proving someone right.
be in the right — Colloquial; good for relational dispute contexts.

BDB6943 H6663

BDB6942 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6944

[צָדֵק, צָדֹק] verb denominative be just, righteous; —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular צָֽדְקָה Isa 38:26 2 masculine singular צָדַקְתָּ Job 33:12; Job 35:7 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִצְדַּק Job 9:2 +; יִצְדָּ֑ק Job 4:17; Job 11:2 3 feminine plural תִּצְדַּקְנָה Ezek 16:52 (ᵐ5 Co תְּצַדְּקִין, not Berthol Toy Krae), etc; —
1. have a just cause, be in the right, Job 9:15; Job 9:20; Job 13:18; Job 34:5 in complaint Job 33:12 with מִן person Gen 38:26 (J; of Tamar).
2. be justified, in one's plea Job 11:2 with עִם (man with God) Job 9:2; Job 25:4 ׳בי Isa 45:25 by witnesses Isa 43:9 by acquittal Ps 143:2; Isa 43:26 by condemnation of opponent Job 40:8.
3. be just: of God, in his government, in charging with sin Ps 51:6 of ׳מִשְׁפְּטֵייֿ Ps 19:10.
4. be just, righteous, in conduct and character: of men Job 10:15; Job 15:14; Job 22:3; Job 35:7, with מִן compare, Job 4:17 (more than God; Dr at God's hand, מִן 2 d), Ezek 16:52 (< ᵐ5 Co Pi`el). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular וְנִצְדַּק קֹדֶשׁ consecutive Dan 8:14 the holy place shall be put right, in a right condition (MartiKau Buhl SS; Bev Dr MartiComm. be justified, its cause vindicated). Pi`el Perfect 3 feminine singular צִדְּקָה Jer 3:11 Imperfect 2 feminine singular תְּצַדְּקִי Ezek 16:51 Infinitive construct suffix צַדְּקֶ֑ךָּ Job 33:32 צַדֶּקְתֵּךְ (Ges«GKC:52p»§ 52p) Ezek 16:52 צַדְּקוֺ Job 32:2 — justify: עַל צַדְּקוֺ נַפְשׁוֺ מֵאֱלֹהִים Job 32:2 because he justified himself rather than God (compare Qal 1); make to appear righteous Jer 3:11; Ezek 16:51; Ezek 16:52 (all with מִן compare); חָפַצְתִּי צַדְּקֶ֑ךָּ Job 33:32 I desire to justify thee (in thy plea, compare Qal 2). Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular suffix הִצְדַּקְתִּיו 2Sam 15:4 3 masculine plural הִצְדִּיקוּ Deut 25:1 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַצְדִּיק Isa 53:11 1 singular אַצְדִּיק Exod 23:7; Job 27:5 Infinitive construct הַצְדִּיק 1Kgs 8:32 = 2Chr 6:23 Imperative masculine plural הַצְדִּיקוּ Ps 82:3 Participle מַצְדִּיק Prov 17:15, etc.; —
1. do justice, in administering law 2Sam 15:4; Ps 82:3.
2. declare righteous, justify, with accusative (ה)צַדִּיק Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 8:32 = 2Chr 6:23 רָשָׁע Exod 23:7 (E) Isa 5:23; Prov 17:15 Justify accusers, by recognizing charge as just Job 27:5.
3. justify, vindicate the cause of, save, with accusative, Isa 50:8 (of God), with לְ of object Isa 53:11 (of servant of ׳י).
4. make righteous, turn to righteousness, Dan 12:3, compare Aboth Dan 5:26; Dan 5:27 Bev. Hithpa`el Imperfect 1 plural נִצְטַדָּ֑ק Gen 44:16 (J) how shall we justify ourselves, clear ourselves from suspicion?

BDB9839 H6665 H6663 H6666

BDB9838 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9840

צִדְקָה noun feminine right doing (Talmud, Old Aramaic; see Biblical Hebrew צְדָקָה, √ צדק); — ׳צ Dan 4:24.

justified, righteous, justify, just, justice, …
ṣādaq
to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense)
  • to be just, be righteous
    • (Qal)
      • to have a just cause, be in the right
        • "to be justified"to be just (of God)"to be just, be righteous (in conduct and character)
      (Niphal) to be put or made right, be justified"(Piel) justify, make to appear righteous, make someone righteous"(Hiphil)
      • to do or bring justice (in administering law)
        • "to declare righteous, justify"to justify, vindicate the cause of, save"to make righteous, turn to righteousness
      (Hithpael) to justify oneself

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
הַ֭אַף Dechi — a lesser break תָּפֵ֣ר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑י Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here תַּ֝רְשִׁיעֵ֗נִי Revia Mugrash — a lesser break לְמַ֣עַן תִּצְדָּֽק Silluq — end of the verse

הַאַף תָּפֵר מִשְׁפָּטִי תַּרְשִׁיעֵנִי לְמַעַן תִּצְדָּֽק׃
8
Wilt thou also disannul my judgment? wilt thou condemn me, that thou mayest be righteous?
Cross References

Romans 3:4

μὴ γένοιτο· γινέσθω δὲ ὁ θεὸς ἀληθής πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης καθὼς γέγραπται Ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου καὶ νικήσῃς ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε
4
God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged.

Isaiah 28:18

וְכֻפַּר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם אֶת-מָוֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶם אֶת-שְׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם שׁוֹט שׁוֹטֵף כִּי יַֽעֲבֹר וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃
18
And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it.

Job 32:2

וַיִּחַר אַף׀ אֱלִיהוּא בֶן-בַּרַכְאֵל הַבּוּזִי מִמִּשְׁפַּחַת רָם בְּאִיּוֹב חָרָה אַפּוֹ עַֽל-צַדְּקוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ מֵאֱלֹהִֽים׃
2
Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God.

Job 34:5

כִּֽי-אָמַר אִיּוֹב צָדַקְתִּי וְאֵל הֵסִיר מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃
5
For Job hath said, I am righteous: and God hath taken away my judgment.

Job 10:3

הֲטוֹב לְךָ׀ כִּֽי-תַעֲשֹׁק כִּֽי-תִמְאַס יְגִיעַ כַּפֶּיךָ וְעַל-עֲצַת רְשָׁעִים הוֹפָֽעְתָּ׃
3
Is it good unto thee that thou shouldest oppress, that thou shouldest despise the work of thine hands, and shine upon the counsel of the wicked?

Psalms 51:4

לְךָ לְבַדְּךָ׀ חָטָאתִי וְהָרַע בְּעֵינֶיךָ עָשִׂיתִי לְמַעַן תִּצְדַּק בְּדָבְרֶךָ תִּזְכֶּה בְשָׁפְטֶֽךָ׃
4
Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest.

Job 35:2

הֲזֹאת חָשַׁבְתָּ לְמִשְׁפָּט אָמַרְתָּ צִדְקִי מֵאֵֽל׃
2
Thinkest thou this to be right, that thou saidst, My righteousness is more than God's?

Hebrews 7:18

ἀθέτησις μὲν γὰρ γίνεται προαγούσης ἐντολῆς διὰ τὸ αὐτῆς ἀσθενὲς καὶ ἀνωφελές
18
For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

Isaiah 14:27

כִּֽי-יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת יָעָץ וּמִי יָפֵר וְיָדוֹ הַנְּטוּיָה וּמִי יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃
27
For the LORD of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it? and his hand is stretched out, and who shall turn it back?

Galatians 3:15

Ἀδελφοί κατὰ ἄνθρωπον λέγω· ὅμως ἀνθρώπου κεκυρωμένην διαθήκην οὐδεὶς ἀθετεῖ ἢ ἐπιδιατάσσεται
15
Brethren, I speak after the manner of men; Though but it be a man's covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man disannulleth, or addeth thereto.

Galatians 3:17

τοῦτο δὲ λέγω· διαθήκην προκεκυρωμένην ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς Χριστὸν ὁ μετὰ ἔτη τετρακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα γεγονὼς νόμος οὐκ ἀκυροῖ εἰς τὸ καταργῆσαι τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν
17
And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make promise of none effect. the

Job 27:2

חַי-אֵל הֵסִיר מִשְׁפָּטִי וְשַׁדַּי הֵמַר נַפְשִֽׁי׃
2
As God liveth, who hath taken away my judgment; and the Almighty, who hath vexed my soul;
Job 40:7
Read Job 40
Job 40:9