Joshua 19:35

וְעָרֵ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת
And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ עָרֵ֖י
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
עָרֵ֖י
Root word city, cities, town, towns, one, …
Dictionary form: עִיר · eer

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: cities
the city ×168 cities ×153 city ×131 of the city ×95 the cities ×88 in the city ×49 into the city ×26 a city ×25
More options
city — Best default; fits large, walled, or named settlements.
town — Prefer for smaller or less prominent settlements.
settlement — Neutral; good when size or status is ambiguous.
village — Use for very small or rural communities in context.
urban center — Highlights civic or political function over geography.

BDB5915 H5892

BDB5914 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5916

I. עִיר noun [masculine] excitement; — of terror, וּבֶהָלוֺת ׳ע Jer 15:9 of rage (si vera lectio), לֹא אָבוֺא בְּעִיר Hos 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר compare We Oort Now GASm. — בָּעִיר Ps 73:20 see עור Hiph`il — II, III. עִיר see below

BDB6035 H5892

BDB6034 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6036

II. עִיר1092 noun feminineGen 10:12 (AlbrZAW xvi.40 f.) city, town (√ unknown; Late Hebrew id.;? Phoenician ער Lzb345; Sabean ער fortified height (compare 3) PräZMG xxvi (1872), 437, ערן, עהרן city CISiv. pp. 94, 95, 173); — ׳ע absolute Gen 4:17 +, construct Gen 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה 1Kgs 14:12 + 7t.; suffix עִירִי 2Sam 19:38 + 2 t., etc.; plural עָרִים Isa 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Judg 10:4 (text error, or word-play, compare GFM); construct עָרֵי Gen 10:29 +; suffix עָרַי Zech 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Isa 1:7 +, etc.; —

1. city, town, abode of men Gen 4:17 (J) and often; גְּדֹלָה Gen 10:12 (J), +, or קְטַנָּה Eccl 9:14 (compare Gen 19:20); especially
  a. fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֺת 2Sam 20:6 +, etc., see בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַרצֹֿר Josh 19:29 (P) fortified city (of) Tyre, מָצוֺר ׳ע Ps 31:22 +, etc., see מָצוֺר, מְצוּרָה below צוּר (Mic 7:12 see מָצוֺר); עָזלָֿנוּ ׳ע Isa 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֺ Isa 17:9 דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ ׳ְ 1Sam 23:7 חוֺמָה ׳ע Lev 25:29, compare vLev 25:30 (P), 1Kgs 4:13 on Hos 10:14 see I. עַם 2 b (1Sam 9:14 read הַשֵּׁעַר ᵐ5 We Dr and others).
  b. opposed to כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָזִי 1Sam 6:18, ׳עָרֵי הַפּ Deut 3:5, הַפְּרָזוֺת ׳ע Esth 9:19 distinguished from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Josh 13:23 + often P.
  c. עָרֶיה are dependent towns Josh 13:17 (P), Jer 19:15.
  d. עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Josh 10:2 (JE) royal cities (i.e. with a king, compare Tel Amarna al šarri), so singular 1Sam 27:5, opposed to הַשָּׁדֶה עָרֵי v1Sam 27:5 rural towns; הַמְּלוּכָה ׳ע 2Sam 12:26 (but read הַמַּיִם ׳ע We Bu Kit Löhr HPS, see 2 below).
  e. עֶרֵי מִסְכְּנוֺת Exod 1:11 storage-cities, so 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 8:4; 2Chr 17:12 for נַפְתָּלִי ׳ע ׳מ 2Chr 16:4 read probably ׳כִּנְרוֺת עֵלוֿגו (as 1Kgs 15:20 Be Kit Buhl); compare הֶרֶכֶב ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19; 1Kgs 10:26 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 9:25; 2Chr 1:14 הַפָּרָשִׁים ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6. feminine (הַ)מִקְלָט ׳ע (P) asylum-cities Num 35:11; Num 35:13; Num 35:14; Josh 20:2, compare Num 35:25; Num 35:26; Num 35:27; Num 35:28; Num 35:32, לְמִקְלָט ׳ע vNum 35:12 מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ ׳ע Josh 21:13 + 4t. 21.
  g. (הָ)אֱלֹהִים ׳ע = Jerusalem: Ps 46:5; Ps 87:3, compare Ps 48:2; Ps 48:9 ׳י ׳ע Isa 60:14; Ps 101:8 צְבָאוֺת ׳י ׳ע Ps 48:9.
  h. city = inhabitants 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 5:12; Isa 22:2; Ruth 1:19, so 2Sam 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for ᵑ0 הָעָם) ᵐ5 We Dr and others (compare also following).
  i. combinations are: רֹכְלִים ׳ע Ezek 17:4 city of merchants; מוֺשָׁב ׳ע Ps 107:4; Ps 107:7; Ps 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: הַצֶּדֶק ׳ע Isa 1:26, ׳ע הָאֱמֶת Zech 8:3 הַקּדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 48:2; Isa 52:1; Neh 11:1; Neh 11:18, compare Dan 9:24, all of Jerusalem; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Jer 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, תְּהִלָּךְ ׳ע Jer 49:25, ׳הָע הַהֻלָּלהEzek 26:17, הָעַלִּיזָה ׳הָע Zeph 2:15 of Jerusalem also הַיּוֺנָה ׳הָע Zeph 3:1 oppressive city, (הַ)דָּמִים ׳ע bloody city Ezek 22:2; Ezek 24:6; Ezek 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nah 3:1.
2. of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9; 2Sam 6:10 + often (see דָּוִד); כֵית הַבָּ֑עַל ׳ע 2Kgs 10:25 (crpt; Klo proposes דְּבִיר for ׳ע, compare Kmp Benz Kit); הַמַּיִם ׳ע 2Sam 12:27 (so read also v2Sam 12:26, see 1 d).
3. apparently fortified place, of any size, עִיר מִבְצָר בְּכָלעָֿרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְּדַּל נוֺצְרִים עַדֿ 2Kgs 17:9 =2Kgs 18:8 compare Num 13:9 (P; but on compare of ver. see Di); perhaps also עֲמָלֵק ׳ע 1Sam 15:5 (HPS). — Hos 7:4 see עור Hiph`il

עִיר הַהֶרֶס see הֶרֶס.

city, cities, town, towns, one, …
ʿîr
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • excitement, anguish
    • of terror
    city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
    • city, town

מִבְצָ֑ר
מִבְצָ֑ר
Root word fenced, holds, fortress, defenced, fortresses, …
Dictionary form: מִבְצָר · mib-TSAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and the fenced
thy strong holds ×4 fenced ×3 his strong holds ×2 in the fenced ×2 the defenced ×2 the fenced ×2 the fortress ×2 the strong holds ×2
More options
fortress — Best general term; strong, standalone noun.
stronghold — Modernizes KJV 'strong hold'; implies defended refuge.
fortified city — Preferred when urban or settlement context is clear.
citadel — Suggests inner, elevated fortification within a city.
fortification — More abstract; suits collective or structural references.
bastion — Vivid, literary; use sparingly for rhetorical emphasis.

BDB1275 H4013

BDB1274 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1276

מִבְצָר noun masculineIsa 17:3 fortification — מִבְצָר Num 32:71 + 18 t.; construct מִבְצַר Josh 19:29 + 2 t.; plural מִבְצָרִים Num 13:19; Dan 11:24 מִבְצָרוֺת Dan 11:15 מִבְצְרֵי Lam 2:2; Dan 11:39 suffix מִבְצָרֶיךָ Hos 10:14 + 2 t.; מִבְצָרַיִךְ Nah 3:12 מִבְצָרָ֑יִךְ vNah 3:14; Jer 48:18 מִבְצָרָיו Ps 89:41; Lam 2:5 מִבְצָרֶיהָ Isa 34:13 מִבְצְרֵיהֶם 2Kgs 8:12 — fortification, especially in phrase ׅ׳(המ ׳עיר (ערי) מ = fortified city Num 32:17; Num 32:36; Josh 10:20; Josh 19:29; Josh 19:35; 1Sam 6:18; 2Kgs 3:19; 2Kgs 10:2; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 18:8; Jer 4:5; Jer 5:17; Jer 8:14; Jer 34:7; Ps 108:11 (׳עיר מ = עיר מָצוֺר Ps 60:11), 2Chr 17:19; Dan 11:15 (׳מ in this connection singular except Jer 5:17 & Dan 11:15 (מבצרות)); Jer 1:18 figurative of prophet, so without עיר Jer 6:27 fortress, stronghold, literal without עיר etc. Num 13:19; 2Kgs 8:12; Jer 48:18; Isa 17:3; Isa 25:12 (משׁגב חומתיך ׳מ) Isa 34:13 (|| ארמנת), Lam 2:2; Lam 2:5 (|| id.) Ps 89:41; Hos 10:14; Amos 5:9; Mic 5:10; Nah 3:12; Nah 3:14; Hab 1:10; Dan 11:24; Dan 11:39 followed by proper name צֹד ׳מ 2Sam 24:7 (compare Josh 19:29 צֹר ׳עיר מ).

בַּקְבּוק, בַּקְבֻּק see below בקק.

fenced, holds, fortress, defenced, fortresses, …
mibṣār
a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender
  • fortification, fortress, fortified city, stronghold

הַ צִּדִּ֣ים
הַ
Prefix — article the
צִּדִּ֣ים
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Are ziddim")
Dictionary form: צִדִּים · tsid-DEEM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: are ziddim
are ziddim ×1
More options
Ziddim — Retain as proper place name; most contextually accurate.
the Sides — Literal meaning; use only in etymological or footnote contexts.
the Flanks — Alternative literal rendering; suits geographical descriptions.

BDB6936 H6661

BDB6935 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6937

צִדִּים proper name, of a location in Naphtali, ׳הַצּ Josh 19:35 (ᵐ5 τῶν Τυρίων).

ziddim
ṣiddîm
the declivities
Tsiddim (with the article), a place in Palestine
  • a fortified town in the territory of Naphtali

צֵ֔ר
צֵ֔ר
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Zer")
Dictionary form: צֵר · tsare

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: zer
zer ×1
More options
Zer — Proper name; retain as-is in translation.
Tser — Alternate transliteration spelling for the place name.
the city of Zer — Use when context requires clarifying it is a settlement.

BDB7226 H6863

BDB7225 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7227

צֵר proper name, of a location in Naphtali, Josh 19:35 Τυρος.

zer
ṣēr
flint
Tser, a place in Palestine
  • fortified town in Naphtali, probably in the area of the Sea of Galilee

וְ חַמַּ֖ת
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
חַמַּ֖ת
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And hammath")
Dictionary form: חַמַּת · hahm-MAHT

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and hammath
and hammath ×1
More options
Hammath — Standard proper-noun spelling for this Galilean town.
Hot Springs — Literal sense; use when etymology is foregrounded.
Hammath (Hot Springs) — Gloss in parentheses clarifies meaning for readers.

BDB2868 H2575 H2576 H2540

BDB2867 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2869

I. חַמַּת proper name, of a location (hot spring) — town in Naphtali Josh 19:35 (perhaps = חַמּוֺן 2 see Di); ᵐ5 Ωμαθαδακεθ (= חַמַּת רַקַּת), A Αμαθ, ᵐ5L Αμμαθ; JosAnt. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 18:2»xviii, 2. 3 Αμμαθους (ed. Niese), compare Id.BJ. «JOSEPHUS:Wars of the Jews 4:1»iv, 1.3 GutheZPV 1891, xiii, 284; probably = Talmud „amata NbrGéogr. du Talm. 207 (with hot springs), 35 minutes south of Tiberias, see RobBR ii, 385 BuhlZPV xiii, 1890, 39 f. Guthel. with GASmGeogr, 450 (FurrerZPV ii, 1878, 55; xiii, 1890, 194 ff. and others say north of Tiberias); see חַמֹּת דּאֹר, חַמּוֺן below & above

BDB2869 H2575

BDB2868 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2870

II. חַמַּת proper name, masculine father of the house of Rechab 1Chr 2:55.

BDB2913 H2575

BDB2912 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2914

חַמַּת proper name, of a location see below חמם.

חֵן, חֵנָדָד, חַנָּה see below חנן.

hammath
ḥammat
hot spring
Chammath, a place in Palestine
  • one of the fortified cities in the territory allotted to Naphtali

רַקַּ֥ת
רַקַּ֥ת
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Rakkath")
Dictionary form: רַקַּת · rahk-KAHT

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: rakkath
rakkath ×1
More options
Rakkath — Standard anglicized form for this proper place name.
Rakkat — Simplified spelling, closer to Hebrew transliteration.
Raqqat — Scholarly transliteration preserving geminate consonant.

BDB8119 H7557

BDB8118 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8120

רַקַּת proper name, of a location in Naphtail, Josh 19:35 ᵐ5 (Ομαθα) δακεθ, A Ρεκκαθ, ᵐ5L Ρακκαθ; a Jewish tradition identified with Tiberias, TalmJer. Megilla 2 b NbrGeogr. 208 f. BuhlGeogr. 226 GASmGerogr. 447.

רָשׁ see רושׁ

rakkath
raqqat
shore
Rakkath, a place in Palestine
  • a fortified city in Naphtali

וְ כִנָּֽרֶת
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
כִנָּֽרֶת
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And chinnereth")
Dictionary form: כִּנְּרוֹת · kin-neh-ROTE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and chinnereth
of chinnereth ×2 of chinneroth ×2 and chinnereth ×1 cinneroth ×1 thereof from chinnereth ×1
More options
Kinnereth — Most common modern scholarly and English Bible spelling.
Chinnereth — Traditional spelling; modernizes KJV without altering the form.
Chinneroth — Alternate historical spelling; use when echoing older source texts.
Sea of Galilee — Explanatory rendering; aids readers unfamiliar with the place name.
Lake of Kinnereth — Geographic clarity; preferred in contemporary Israeli/Jewish contexts.

BDB4103 H3672

BDB4102 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4104

כִּנֶּ֫רֶתֵ, ִ˜כּנְַֿרוֺת proper name, of a location in Galilee (Naphtali), כִּנֶּרֶת Deut 3:17; Josh 13:27; Num 34:11 כִּנָּ֑רֶת Josh 19:35 ִ˜כּנְַֿרוֺת (so Baer; ִ˜כּנְרוֺת Norzi) Josh 11:2; Josh 12:3; 1Kgs 15:20 —

1. a city Josh 19:35 (P; ᵐ5 B Κενερεθ, A Ξενερεθ, ᵐ5L Ξενερεθ, as always except Josh 13:27), so probably Josh 11:2 (D ?; B Κενερωθ, A Ξενερεθθι), Deut 3:17 (B Μαχαναρεθ; — Μαχ‐ = ׳מִכּ).
2. יָםכִּֿנֶּרֶת, lake near the city, Num 34:11 (P; ᵐ5 B Ξεναρα, A Ξενερεθ), Josh 13:27 (P; ᵐ5 B Ξενερεθ; A ᵐ5L Ξενερωθ), יָם ִ˜כּנְַֿרוֺת Josh 12:3 (D; ᵐ5 B Ξενερεθ; A Ξεννερεθ); כָּלִֿ˜כּנְַֿרוֺת 1Kgs 15:20 = all the territory about the city and lake, compare πᾶσαν τὴνγῆν Ξενερεθ ᵐ5L, — ᵑ7 has גִּינֵסַר, גְּנֵיסַר, גִּנֹּסַר, compare τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ Γεννησαρ 1 Makk. 1Kgs 11:67 Γεννησαρετ Mark 6:53; Matt 14:34; Luke 5:1 etymological connection with כִּנֶּרֶת disputed by GASmGeogr. 443 n. BuhlGeogr. 113 n. — On the lake and surrounding region see GASmGeogr. Ch. xxi. BdPal 254 BuhlGeogr. 113 f. 225 FurrerZPV. 1879 (ii.), 52-74 Freiib. 1886 (ix.), 81-145 van Kasterenib. 1888 (xi.), 212-248.

chinnereth, chinneroth, cinneroth
kinnĕrôt
harps
Kinneroth or Kinnereth, a place in Palestine
  • the early name of the Sea of Galilee
    • "a town and district in Naphtali near the Sea of Galilee

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְעָרֵ֖י Tipeha — a lesser break מִבְצָ֑ר Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְחַמַּ֖ת Tipeha — a lesser break רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת Silluq — end of the verse

וְעָרֵי מִבְצָר הַצִּדִּים צֵר וְחַמַּת רַקַּת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃
35
And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,
Cross References

Joshua 11:2

וְֽאֶל-הַמְּלָכִים אֲשֶׁר מִצְּפוֹן בָּהָר וּבָֽעֲרָבָה נֶגֶב כִּֽנֲרוֹת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבְנָפוֹת דּוֹר מִיָּֽם׃
2
And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,

Genesis 10:18

וְאֶת-הָֽאַרְוָדִי וְאֶת-הַצְּמָרִי וְאֶת-הַֽחֲמָתִי וְאַחַר נָפֹצוּ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃
18
And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.

1 Kings 8:65

וַיַּעַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹה בָֽעֵת-הַהִיא׀ אֶת-הֶחָג וְכָל-יִשְׂרָאֵל עִמּוֹ קָהָל גָּדוֹל מִלְּבוֹא חֲמָת׀ עַד-נַחַל מִצְרַיִם לִפְנֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְשִׁבְעַת יָמִים אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יֽוֹם׃
65
And at that time Solomon held a feast, and all Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days.

Numbers 34:8

מֵהֹר הָהָר תְּתָאוּ לְבֹא חֲמָת וְהָיוּ תּֽוֹצְאֹת הַגְּבֻל צְדָֽדָה׃
8
From mount Hor ye shall point out your border unto the entrance of Hamath; and the goings forth of the border shall be to Zedad:

Mark 6:53

Καὶ διαπεράσαντες ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Γενησαρέτ καὶ προσωρμίσθησαν
53
And when they had passed over, they came into the land of Gennesaret, and drew to the shore.

Numbers 13:21

וַֽיַּעֲלוּ וַיָּתֻרוּ אֶת-הָאָרֶץ מִמִּדְבַּר-צִן עַד-רְחֹב לְבֹא חֲמָֽת׃
21
So they went up, and searched the land from the wilderness of Zin unto Rehob, as men come to Hamath.

Joshua 13:27

וּבָעֵמֶק בֵּית הָרָם וּבֵית נִמְרָה וְסֻכּוֹת וְצָפוֹן יֶתֶר מַמְלְכוּת סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן וּגְבֻל עַד-קְצֵה יָם-כִּנֶּרֶת עֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן מִזְרָֽחָה׃
27
And in the valley, Beth-aram, and Beth-nimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border, even unto the edge of the sea of Chinnereth on the other side Jordan eastward.
Joshua 19:34
Read Joshua 19
Joshua 19:36