Judges 5:9

לִבִּ י֙

לִבִּ

Root word heart, hearts, midst, mind, understanding, …

י֙

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: לֵב · labe

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my heart

heart ×99 my heart ×37 his heart ×35 the heart ×32 thine heart ×28 their heart ×19 in heart ×17 in his heart ×16

More options

heart — Default rendering; covers emotion, will, and character.

mind — Prefer when context emphasizes thought or intention.

inner self — Highlights the whole interior person; good for reflective passages.

will — Use when volition or resolve is the primary nuance.

understanding — Suits wisdom or discernment contexts.

conscience — Fits passages about moral awareness or self-judgment.

BDB4295 H3820

לֵב₅₉₉ noun masculine Prov 23:15 ( feminine Prov 12:25, from influence of נֶפֶשׁ see De Now) inner man, mind will, heart, absolute and construct לֵב Gen 8:21 + 239 t.; לֶבֿ Exod 15:8 + 15 t.; suffix לִבִּי Gen 24:45 + 102 t.; לִבְּךָ Exod 9:14 + 28 t.; לִבֶּ֑ךָ Judg 19:6 + 25 t.; לִבֵּךְ Isa 47:7 + 7 t.; לִבּוֺ Gen 6:5 + 93 t.; לִבָּהּ Judg 19:3 + 7 t.; לִ בֵּנוּ Isa 41:22 + 5 t.; לִבְּכֶם Gen 8:5 + 2 t.; לִבָּם Gen 42:28 + 56 t.; לִבָּן Exod 35:26 לִבְּהֶן Ezek 13:17 plural לִבּוֺת Ps 7:10; Prov 15:11 + 3 t. Proverbs; suffix לִבֹּתָם Isa 44:18 לִבּוֺתָם Ps 125:4. — inner part midst: I. seldom of things, בְּלֶביָֿם in the midst of the sea Exod 15:8; Prov 23:34; Prov 30:19 בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ps 46:3; Ezek 27:4; Ezek 27:25; Ezek 27:26; Ezek 27:27; Ezek 28:2; Ezek 28:8 בלב האלה 2Sam 18:14 בְּלֵב אֹיְבֵי in the midst of the enemies of Ps 45:2 (see Br^{MP on the passage}; AV RV and others in the heart of). II. elsewhere of men:

1. the inner man in contrast with outer לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out Ps 84:3 || מעים Ps 22:15; Jer 4:19, the inner for outer מעים Jer 49:22 as within the breast על לב Exod 28:3; Exod 28:29; Exod 28:30 (twice in verse) (P); מלב 2Kgs 9:24 בלב Ps 37:15; 2Sam 18:14 סְגוֺד לִבָּם Hos 13:8 antithesis with בָּשָׂר Prov 14:30; Eccl 2:3 head Isa 1:5, face Ezek 14:3; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 arm Song 8:6 hands Ezek 22:14 bones Ps 102:5 eyes 1Kgs 9:3 (= 2Chr 7:16) Jer 22:17 ear Prov 22:17; Prov 23:12 mouth Ps 55:22 lips Isa 29:13 אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר I slept but my heart waked Song 5:2.

2. the inner man, indefinite, soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, with occasional emphasis of one or the other by means of certain verbs: בכל לב 1Kgs 8:23 (= 2Chr 6:14) Ps 9:2; Ps 119:2; Ps 119:10; Ps 119:34; Ps 119:58; Ps 119:69; Ps 119:145; Ps 138:1; Prov 3:5; Jer 3:10; Jer 24:7 עם לב 2Chr 24:4 (see לבב 2); כלב 2Sam 7:21 (= 1Chr 17:19) Jer 3:15 תַּעֲלֻמוֺת לֵב secrets of the heart Ps 44:22 לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר the heart of kings is unsearchable Prov 25:4 הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם Ps 33:15 etc.

3. specific reference to mind:
a. מִלֵּב of one's own mind Num 16:28; Num 24:13 (JE) 1Kgs 12:33; Neh 6:8; Ezek 13:2; Ezek 13:17 חֲסַר לֵב destitute of mind Prov 6:32; Prov 7:7; Prov 9:4; Prov 9:16; Prov 10:13; Prov 10:21; Prov 11:12; Prov 12:11; Prov 15:21; Prov 17:18; Prov 24:30 לִבּוֺ חָסֵר Eccl 10:3 אֵין לֵב Jer 5:21; Hos 7:11 לב אין Prov 17:16 קנה לב get a mind Prov 15:32; Prov 19:8 כֹּחַ לב power of mind Job 36:5 רֹחַב לב breadth of mind 1Kgs 5:9, גנב לב 2Sam 15:6; Gen 31:20 (E? see לבב 3 a).
b. knowledge, with ידע Deut 29:3; Prov 14:10; Prov 22:17; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 7:22; Eccl 7:25; Eccl 8:5; Eccl 8:16; Jer 24:7 ראה Ps 66:18; Eccl 1:16 חָכַם לב mind is wise Prov 23:15 לֵב חָכָם wise mind 1Kgs 3:12; Prov 16:23; Eccl 8:5 חֲכַם לֵב Exod 31:6; Exod 35:10; Exod 36:1; Exod 36:2; Exod 36:8 (P) Prov 10:8; Prov 11:29; Prov 16:21 חַכְמֵי לֵב Exod 28:3 (P) Job 37:24 חכמת לב Exod 35:25; Exod 35:35 (P); לב חכמים Eccl 7:4; Eccl 10:2 לב כסילים Prov 12:23; Prov 15:7; Eccl 7:4; Eccl 10:2 with חכמה Exod 36:2 (P) 1Kgs 10:24 (= 2Chr 9:23) Prov 2:10; Prov 17:16; Eccl 2:3 לֵב נָבוֺן intelligent mind Prov 14:33; Prov 15:14; Prov 18:15 with הבין Prov 8:5 תְּבוּנָה Prov 2:2 שָׂ֑כֶל Job 17:4 etc.
c. thinking, reflection, with חשׁב Ps 140:3; Prov 16:9 מחשׁבות Gen 6:5 (J) Ps 33:11; Prov 6:18; Prov 19:21 compare Gen 8:21 (J); הגה muse, study Prov 15:28; Prov 24:2; Isa 33:18; Isa 59:13 הגיון Ps 19:15 הָגוּת Ps 49:4 שׂם לב set the mind, consider Isa 41:22; Ezek 44:5, with לְ 1Sam 9:20; 2Sam 13:20; Ezek 40:4; Ezek 44:5 אֶל Exod 9:21 (J) 1Sam 24:25; 2Sam 18:3 (twice in verse); Job 2:3; Job 34:14 עַל Job 1:8 שׁת לב Ps 62:10; Prov 22:17; Prov 24:32, with לְ Exod 7:23 (JE) 1Sam 4:20; Ps 48:14; Prov 27:23; Jer 31:21, אֶל Job 7:17.
d. memory השׁיב אל לב call to mind Isa 44:19; Lam 3:21 על לב Isa 46:8 עלה על לב come into mind (occur to one) Isa 65:17; Jer 3:16; Jer 7:31; Jer 19:5; Jer 32:35 (compare Acts 7:23), so בא על לב 2Chr 7:11 שׂם על לב lay to heart Isa 42:25; Isa 47:7; Isa 57:1; Isa 57:11; Jer 12:11; Mal 2:2 (twice in verse); Dan 1:8 אל לב 2Sam 13:33; 2Sam 19:20 כתב על לב Jer 31:33 קשׁר על לב Prov 6:21 לוּחַ לֵב tablet of the memory Prov 3:3; Prov 7:3; Jer 17:1 נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵת מִלֵּב I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind Ps 31:13.

4. specific reference to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will; הכין לב set the mind 2Chr 12:14; Ps 10:17; Ps 78:8; Job 11:13 נכון לב Ps 57:8 (twice in verse) ( = Ps 108:2) Ps 78:37; Ps 112:7 נתן לב לְ Eccl 1:13; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 7:21; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 8:16; Prov 23:26; Dan 10:12 נתן אל לב Eccl 7:2; Eccl 9:1; Neh 2:12; Neh 7:5 (the 'heart' here not being the subject's), בלב Exod 35:34 (P) Ezra 7:27; Eccl 3:11 אֲשֶׁרנְֿשָׂאוֺ לִבּוֺ whose heart stirred him up Exod 35:21; Exod 36:2 compare Exod 35:26 (all P); נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Exod 35:5; Exod 35:22 (P) 2Chr 29:31 compare Exod 25:2; Exod 35:29 (P); נטה לב אחריּ inclined to follow Judg 9:3; Ps 119:112 הטה לב 1Kgs 11:3; Ps 119:36; Ps 141:4 compare 2Sam 15:13: — גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵילֵֿב great resolves of heart Judg 5:15 etc.

5. specific reference to conscience, וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֺ and David's heart (conscience) smote him 1Sam 24:6 מִכְשׁוֺל לֵב offence of conscience 1Sam 25:31.

6. specific reference to moral character, God tries the heart Ps 17:3; Jer 12:3 sees the heart and reins Jer 20:12, tries them Ps 7:10; Jer 11:20, refines them Ps 26:2 searches the heart and tries the reins Jer 17:10.
a. ישֶׁרלִֿבִּי Job 33:3 יִשְׁרֵי לֵב Ps 7:11; Ps 11:2; Ps 32:11; Ps 36:11; Ps 64:11 (all with דָּוִד in title), Ps 94:15; Ps 97:11 לֵב שָׁלֵם 1Chr 28:9; 1Chr 29:9; Isa 38:3 (all originally לבב, see לבב 6 a); נִשְׁבְּרֵילֵֿב broken of heart Ps 34:19; Isa 61:1 לֵבנִֿשְׁבָּר Ps 51:19 שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Ps 147:3 לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isa 57:15 לֵב טָהוֺר clean heart Ps 51:12 לֵב חָדָשׁ new heart Ezek 18:21; Ezek 36:26 (probably also Ezek 11:19 for אֶחָד see Co) etc.
b. לֵב רָע evil heart Prov 26:23 חַנְפֵילֵֿב godless in heart Job 36:13 עקּשׁ(י) לב perverse in heart Prov 11:20; Prov 17:20 תַּרְמִת לִבָּם deceit of their heart Jer 14:14; Jer 23:26 בלב ולב with a double heart Ps 12:3 etc.
c. seat of pride Prov 21:4; Jer 48:29; Jer 49:16; Hos 13:6; Obad 1:3 גְּבַהּלֵֿב Prov 16:5 גֹּבַהּ לב 2Chr 32:26 גָּבַהּ לֵב 2Chr 26:16; 2Chr 32:25; Ps 131:1; Prov 18:12; Ezek 28:2; Ezek 28:17.
d. the heart is uncircumcised Jer 9:25; Ezek 44:7 (twice in verse); Ezek 44:9 and hardened: חזּק לב Exod 4:21; Exod 10:20; Exod 10:27 (E), Exod 9:12; Exod 11:10; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:8; Exod 14:17 (P), Josh 11:20 (D² ?); יֶחֱזַק לֵב Exod 7:13; Exod 7:22; Exod 8:15; Exod 9:35 (P); חִזְקֵילֵֿב Ezek 2:4 הקשׁה לב Exod 7:3 (P) Prov 28:14 קְשֵׁילֵֿב Ezek 3:7 הכביד לב Exod 8:11; Exod 8:28; Exod 9:34; Exod 10:1 (J); כָּבֵד לב Exod 7:14; Exod 9:7 (J); כּכּד לב 1Sam 6:6 הַשְׁמֵן לֵבהָֿעָם הַזֶה make the heart of this people fat Isa 6:10 (?); שְׁרִ(י)רוּת לֵב Deut 29:18; Ps 81:13 after Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 9:13; Jer 11:8; Jer 13:10; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12; Jer 23:17 לב האבן the heart of stone Ezek 11:19; Ezek 36:26 etc.

7. for the man himself, אמר בלב Gen 17:17 (P), Gen 27:41 (JE), 1Kgs 12:26; Esth 6:6; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1 ( = Ps 53:2) Ps 35:25; Ps 74:8; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18; Isa 47:10; Obad 1:3; Zech 12:5 אֶללֿב Gen 8:21 (J) 1Sam 27:1 דבּר בלב Eccl 2:15 אֶללֿב Gen 24:45 (J); עַל לב 1Sam 1:13 (?); עִם לב Eccl 1:16 נְאֻםפֶּֿשַׁע לָרָשָׁע בְּקֶרֶב לִבִּי Ps 36:2.

8. as seat of appetites, סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Gen 18:5 (J) Judg 19:5.

9. as seat of the emotions and passions:
a. of joy and gladness, in various combinations of טוב, Judg 16:25; Judg 18:20; Judg 19:6; Judg 19:22; Ruth 3:7; 1Sam 25:36; 2Sam 13:28; 1Kgs 8:66 ( = 2Chr 7:10) 2Chr 21:7; Esth 1:10; Esth 5:9; Prov 15:15; Eccl 7:3; Eccl 9:7; Eccl 11:9; Isa 65:14 various combinations of שׂמח, Exod 4:14 (J) 1Chr 16:10 ( = Ps 105:3) Ps 4:8; Ps 16:9; Ps 19:9; Ps 33:21; Prov 15:13; Prov 15:30; Prov 17:22; Prov 27:9; Prov 27:11; Eccl 2:10 (twice in verse); Eccl 5:19; Song 3:11; Isa 24:7; Zech 10:7 שׂישׂ Ps 119:111; Isa 66:14; Lam 5:15 עלץ 1Sam 2:1 עלז Ps 28:7; Zeph 3:14 רנן Job 29:13 גיל Ps 13:6; Ps 24:17; Zech 10:7 of desire, Ps 21:3; Ps 37:4 דבּר עַל לֵב speak unto the heart (kindly) Gen 34:3; Gen 50:21 (JE) Judg 19:3; 2Sam 19:8; 2Chr 30:22; Isa 40:2; Hos 2:16; Ruth 2:13.
b. of trouble 2Kgs 6:11; Isa 65:14, sorrow Neh 2:2; Prov 14:3, pain Ps 55:5. vexation Eccl 11:10, trembling Deut 28:65 (?) 1Sam 28:3, faintness Lam 5:17 it is wounded Ps 109:22 dies within one out of fear 1Sam 25:37 etc.; לב נמס the heart melteth (in fear) 2Sam 17:10; Ps 22:15; Ezek 21:12; Nah 2:11.

10. seat of courage: יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage Ps 27:14 אַמִּיץ לִבּוֺ Amos 2:16 אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Ps 76:6; Isa 46:12 לִבּוֺ יָצוּק כְּמוֺאֶֿבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Job 41:16 לִבוֺ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion 2Sam 17:10.

BDB4296 H3826 H3820

[לִבָּה] suffix לִבָּתֵךְ Ezek 16:30 should be corrected to לִבְרִיתֵךְ (see Co). > older view, as feminine of לֵבּ.

BDB7797 H7307 H5315 H3824 H1320 H3820

רוּחַ₃₇₈ noun feminine^{Gen 41:8} (less often masculine^{Exod 10:13} +) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ׳ר Gen 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 construct רוּחַ Gen 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי vGen 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Ps 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת vPs 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jer 49:36, רוּחֹת Num 16:22; Num 26:16 (see Br^{רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff.}, full statement of all passages); —

1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.):
a. רוּחַ פִּיו Job 15:30 breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17 רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ Lam 4:20 (figurative of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jer 10:14 = Jer 51:17, Hab 2:19; Ps 135:17 compare Job 9:18.
b. as mere breath: compare 2 e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words; נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jer 5:13.
c. as word of command: (1) of God: (נעשׂו) בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּלֿ צְבָאָםPs 33:6, compare Isa 34:16 (|| פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isa 11:4.
d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּח אַפּוֺ יִכְלוּ Job 4:9; Exod 15:8 (poem), 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16; Isa 30:28; Isa 59:19 (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isa 25:4.
e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים breath of life Gen 6:17; Gen 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gen 7:22 (P); Ezek 37:5, compare vEzek 37:6 vEzek 37:8 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:10 vEzek 37:14 (breath or spirit), Eccl 3:19.

2. wind (117 t.):
a. wind of heaven: Gen 8:1 (P) Exod 15:10 (E) Num 11:31 (J) 1Kgs 18:45 +, Jer 10:13, thence Jer 51:16; Ps 135:7 ׳רוּחַ י Hos 13:15; Isa 40:7, compare Job 26:13 (Di Bu); רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exod 10:13 (twice in verse); Exod 14:21 (J) Ps 48:8; Jer 18:17; Ezek 17:10; Ezek 19:12; Ezek 27:26; Jonah 4:8 צָפוֺן ׳ר north wind Prov 25:23 יָם ׳ר sea wind (west wind) Exod 10:19 (J); . הַיּוֺם ׳ר day wind, evening wind Gen 3:8 (J; compare Song 2:17; Song 4:6); אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jer 49:36; Ezek 37:9 (quarters?) Dan 8:8; Dan 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare b), Zech 2:10; Zech 6:5 רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Ps 107:25; Ps 148:8; Ezek 1:4 (סְעָרוֺת ׳ר), Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:13 רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Ps 55:9 (read possibly סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isa 11:15 (read ׳בְּעֹצֶם ר, see עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2Sam 22:11 = Ps 18:11; Ps 104:3, compare Hos 4:19; Ps 104:4.
b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezek 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן vEzek 42:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם vEzek 42:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם vEzek 42:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת vEzek 42:20; 1Chr 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 on the sides.
c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jer 14:6 רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.
d. air, gas, from womb (dubious): כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isa 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Isa 33:11 (Du, 3 c).
e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2 רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isa 41:29 רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 2:26; Eccl 4:4; Eccl 4:6; Eccl 6:9 compare Eccl 1:17; Eccl 4:16; Eccl 5:15.

3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):
a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1Kgs 10:5 = 2Chr 9:4 מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1Kgs 21:5 וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gen 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judg 15:19; 1Sam 30:12.
b. courage: ׳לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר Josh 5:1 נְגִידִים ׳יִבְצֹר ר Ps 76:13 מִצְרַיִם ׳וְנָָֽבְקָה ר Isa 19:3 תתעטּף רוּחִי Ps 77:4; Ps 142:4; Ps 143:4 לֹא קָמָה ׳עוֺד ר Josh 2:11 אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ׳ר Prov 18:14.
c. temper, especially anger: ׳רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו Judg 9:23 אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judg 8:3 משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Prov 16:32, compare Prov 25:28; Prov 29:11; Job 15:13 הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zech 6:8; Eccl 7:9; Eccl 10:4.
d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exod 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of ׳י) Mic 2:7 קְצַררֿוּחַ Prov 14:29 (|| אֶרֶךְ אַפַיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, compare vJob 32:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4 ׳הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י Mic 2:7 ׳אֶרֶךְ ר Eccl 7:8.
e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(וׅ (his) spirit was troubled Gen 41:8 (E) Dan 2:3, compare vDan 2:1 מֹרַת רוּחַ Gen 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; ׳עֲצוּבַת ר Isa 54:6, compare Ezek 3:14; Job 6:4. feminine as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezek 21:12, compare Isa 61:3; Prov 15:4; Prov 15:13; Prov 17:22; Prov 18:14; Ps 143:7.
g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1Chr 5:26 (twice in verse); 2Chr 21:16; 2Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 1:5; Jer 51:11; Hag 1:14 (3 t. in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח2Kgs 19:7 = Isa 37:7; Num 14:24 (J; see עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15 (twice in verse); Mal 2:16; Deut 2:30 רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hos 4:12; Hos 5:4 רוּחַ עִוְעִיםIsa 19:14 רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6 אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Gen 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Prov 17:27.
h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹNum 27:18 (P; or g, as Gen 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע2Kgs 2:15, compare v2Kgs 2:9 רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isa 19:14) Isa 29:10; Mic 2:11 רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zech 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezek 13:3.

4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):
a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֺ Zech 12:1 רוּחַ אֱלוֺהַּ בְּאַפִּי Job 27:3, compare Isa 42:5.
b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Job 10:12, compare Job 12:10 אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֺת Prov 16:2.
c. it is therefore God's spirit: Gen 6:3 (J; see דִּין near the end).
d. it departs at death: Ps 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Isa 38:16 (Di principle of life), Ps 146:4 especially Ps 104:29; Ps 104:30; Job 17:1; Job 34:14 (compare vJob 34:15), Isa 57:16; Eccl 8:8 (twice in verse) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֺדֵעַ מַהדֶּֿרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Eccl 11:5, compare Eccl 3:21 over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ Eccl 12:7 בְּיָָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Ps 31:6.
e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַלפָּֿנַי יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.

5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:
a. desire (possibly 3 g), Isa 26:9 (|| נֶפֶשׁ).
b. sorrow, trouble (probably 3 e), Job 7:11 (|| נֶפֶשׁ). — 1Sam 1:15 see קָשֶׁה.

6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, || לֵב, or synonym with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exod 28:3; Deut 34:9 (both P; probably 3 g); תּעֵי רוּחַ Isa 29:24, compare Job 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job's words), Ps 77:7 (ᵐ5 Symm ᵑ6 Jerome troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Isa 40:13 come into mind (compare לֵב Isa 65:17; Jer 3:16 +); 1Chr 28:12.

7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֺן לֵב Ps 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֺן Ps 57:8 (twice in verse) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה vPs 51:14 נָָֽדְבָה רוּחוֺ Exod 35:21 (P; compare נְדִיב לֵב Exod 35:5; Exod 35:22 (P) 2Chr 29:31).

8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = ׃לֵב רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁהEzek 11:19; Ezek 18:31; Ezek 36:26 רוּחִי vEzek 36:27; Isa 59:21 (רוּחִי, || דְּבָרַי; but probably prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezek 18:31; Ezek 36:26 נְכֵה רוּחַ Isa 66:2 דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Ps 34:19 (compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isa 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Isa 65:14 (compare 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה Ps 51:19 (|| לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב Ps 34:19; Isa 61:1); Ps 32:2; Prov 11:13; Prov 16:18; Ps 78:8; Eccl 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּלֵב Prov 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Prov 16:19; Prov 29:23; Isa 57:15 רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים vIsa 57:15 (compare 3 f).

9. spirit of God (94 t.; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Num 11:17; Num 11:25 (twice in verse); Num 11:26; Num 11:29 (J), 1Sam 10:6; 1Sam 10:10 (compare v1Sam 10:5), 1Sam 19:20; 1Sam 19:23 as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ׳ר 1Sam 16:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 16:16, = ׳רָעָה מֵאֵת י ׳ר v1Sam 16:14 = רָעָה ׳א ׳צלח ר 1Sam 18:10 (other narrative) = רָעָה ׳י ׳ר 1Sam 19:9 ׳א ׳ר 1Sam 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v1Sam 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ 1Kgs 22:21 = שֶׁקֶר ׳ר v1Kgs 22:22 v1Kgs 22:23 = 2Chr 18:20; 2Chr 18:21; 2Chr 18:22 = ׳רוּחַ י 1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23 compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, || הַנָּבִּיא Hos 9:7 ׳רוּחַ י Mic 3:8 (|| בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Isa 30:1 רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:12; Ezek 3:14; Ezek 3:24; Ezek 8:3; Ezek 11:1; Ezek 11:5; Ezek 11:24 (Co gloss), Ezek 37:1; Ezek 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah 1Kgs 18:12; 2Kgs 2:16.
b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably Num 24:2; 2Sam 23:2; 1Chr 12:18 elsewhere in Chronicles: 2Chr 15:1; 2Chr 20:14; 2Chr 24:20 distinctly in Isa², Isa 48:16, compare Isa 61:1 so of ancient prophets, Zech 7:12; Neh 9:30 compare, of future prophetic gift, Joel 3:1; Joel 3:2.
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מוֺשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על ׳י Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29, compare Judg 6:34; Judg 13:25; Judg 14:6; Judg 14:19; Judg 15:14; 1Sam 11:6; 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 16:14 so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isa 32:15 (2) resting upon Messianic king: Isa 11:2 (3 t. in verse); upon servant of ׳י, Isa 42:1.
d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Exod 31:3; Exod 35:31 (P); understanding Job 32:8 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Prov 1:23.
e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gen 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to בָשָׂר: Isa 31:3 in cherubic chariot: Ezek 1:12, compare vEzek 1:20 vEzek 1:21; Ezek 10:17 reviving Israel Ezek 39:29; Zech 12:10; Isa 44:3. feminine = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: קָדְשׁוֺ ׳ר Isa 63:10; Isa 63:11 = ׳י ׳ר vIsa 63:14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו vIsa 63:9), compare Ps 106:33 so also קָדְשְׁךָ ׳ר Ps 51:13 (in national prayer), compare Neh 9:20; Ps 143:10 prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Hag 2:5; Zech 4:6 this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Ps 139:7 (|| פָּנֶיךָ; compare vPs 139:8).

BDB9636 H3820 H3821

[לֵב] noun [masculine] id. (Biblical Hebrew id.; so ᵑ7 Syriac; Egyptian Aramaic, Lzb³⁰¹ = Cooke^{76 A 6}); — suffix לִבִּי Dan 7:28.

heart, hearts, midst, mind, understanding, …

lēb

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding

inner part, midst

midst (of things)

לְ חֽוֹקְקֵ֣י

לְ

Prefix — preposition to, for

חֽוֹקְקֵ֣י

Root word lawgiver, decree, governors, graven, graveth, …

Dictionary form: חָקַק · haw-KAHK

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, construct state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: is toward the governors

is my lawgiver ×2 and note ×1 and that graveth ×1 decree ×1 governors ×1 i have graven ×1 is our lawgiver ×1 is toward the governors ×1

More options

engrave — Best for physical inscription on stone, metal, or wood.

inscribe — Slightly more formal; suits writing laws or decrees.

decree — Use when the sense is issuing binding legal commands.

legislate — Good for the lawgiver/governance nuance of the root.

sketch — Use when portraying or drawing an outline (Ezek 4:1).

ordain — Captures appointed/established sense in poetic contexts.

BDB3071 H2710

[חָקַק] verb cut in, inscribe, decree (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic חֲקַק, Zinjirli חקק; Phoenician id. Participle Hiph`il; Arabic be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic adjective moderate, sufficient; compare also חקה) —

Qal וְחַקּוֺתָ֫ Ezek 4:1 suffix חַקֹּתִיךְ Isa 49:16 Infinitive suffix בְּחֻקּוֺ Prov 8:27 בְּחוּקוֺ Prov 8:29 (assimilated to בְּשׂוּמוֺ); חֻקָּהּ Isa 30:8 Participle חֹקְקִי Isa 22:16 (archaic case ending Ges^{«GKC:90»§ 90}. 3 a); plural חֹקְקִים Isa 10:1 construct חוֺקְקֵי Judg 5:9 (possibly Po`el = מחוקקי with מְ omitted, see Ges^{«GKC:52»§ 52} (2), note 6); Participle Pass. plural חֲקֻקִֿים Ezek 23:14 (Co חקוקים); —

1. cut in, with בְּ, Isa 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock.

2. cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, with על on roll of a book Isa 30:8 representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Ezek 4:1 images on a wall Ezek 23:14 figurative of Zion's walls on palms of ׳י Isa 49:16.

3. trace, mark out, a circle, with על over the face of deep Prov 8:27 with accusative, foundations of earth vProv 8:29.

4. of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), figurative for enact, decree חקקים חקקי און Isa 10:1 (|| כתב עמל); חוֺקקֵי ישׂראל poetic = commanders (see Po`el) Judg 5:9 (|| מחקקים vJudg 5:14). Po`el Imperfect יְחוֺקְקוּ Prov 8:15 Participle מְחֹקֵק Gen 49:10; Num 21:18; Deut 33:21 suffix מְחֹקְקִי Ps 60:9; Ps 108:9 מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Isa 33:22 plural מְחֹקְקִים Judg 5:14 — inscribe (as a law), enact (poetry): with accusative צֶדֶק Prov 8:15 elsewhere participle
a. prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Deut 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Judg 5:14; Isa 33:22 (of ׳י; || שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, מַלְכֵּנוּ).
b. commander's staff Gen 49:10 (|| שֵׁבֶט), Num 21:18 (both poetry), Ps 60:9 = Ps 108:9. Pu`al Participle מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Prov 31:5 (late). Hoph`al Imperfect יֻחָ֑קֿוּ Job 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.

lawgiver, decree, governors, graven, graveth, …

ḥāqaq

properly, to hack, i.e., engrave (Judges 5:14, to be a scribe simply); by implication, to enact (laws being cut in stone or metal tablets in primitive times) or (gen.) prescribe

to cut out, decree, inscribe, set, engrave, portray, govern

(Qal)

to cut in

to inscribe, enact, decree

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of israel")

Dictionary form: יִשְׂרָאֵל · yis-raw-ALE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of israel

of israel ×1594 israel ×543 in israel ×84 and israel ×55 o israel ×28 against israel ×19 for israel ×15 from israel ×13

More options

Israel — Standard modern rendering for the nation or people.

the Israelites — Use when referring to the people collectively as a group.

the people of Israel — Emphasizes communal identity; good for narrative contexts.

the nation of Israel — Highlights political or national dimension.

the land of Israel — Use only when geographic territory is clearly in view.

Jacob — Poetic/prophetic synonym; use where parallelism demands it.

BDB3770 H3478

יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name and derivatives, see below I. שׂרה.

BDB8317 H3478

יִשְׂרָאֵל₂₅₀₇ proper name, masculine and of a people Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth (Nes^{Eg.60 ff.}) or Let El contend (Gray^{Prop. N. 218}), but see Dr^{Hast. DB JACOB 530}]; on vocalization see Lag^{BN 131 f.} Kit^{1Chr 4:16} (Hpt); MI⁵, + 5 t. ישראל; in Egyptian Y-si-r-'l Steind^{ZAW xvi (1896), 331}, compare Breasted^{Bib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.} Paton^{Syr. and Pal. 134}; Assyrian Sir-'-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) Schr^{KG 356 ff., 364}; COT Gen 36:31; 1Kgs 16:29. — On a possibly relation of ׳יִשׂ to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS^{K 257, 2nd ed. 34}; — compare שְׂרָיָה(וּׅ; — Ισραηλ:

1. proper name, masculine second name of Jacob Gen 32:29 + 28 t. Genesis (JE), Exod 32:13 (JE), Hos 12:13; Judg 18:29; Exod 6:14; Num 1:20; Num 26:5 (all P), 2Kgs 17:34; 1Chr 1:34 + 8 t. Chronicles, Ps 105:23 ׳בֵּית יִשׂ Ruth 4:11 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (literal) Gen 42:5 + 3 t. E, 2 t. P + Exod 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1Kgs 18:31; 1Chr 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Exod 28:9 + 7 t. P; ׳אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשׂ 1Kgs 18:36; 1Chr 29:18; 2Chr 30:6.

2. proper name, of a people (usually masculine^{Judg 11:17}f. but feminine 1Sam 17:21; 2Sam 24:9 [not || 1Chr 21:5], compare Dr^{on the passage} Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 57 f.}): name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but ׳יִשׂ more common in early usage than ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (see בֵּן p. 120:b):
a. (1) undivided kingdom; ׳יִשׂ Gen 47:27 (J), Gen 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 t. J E, Deut 1:1; Deut 18:6; Deut 33:10 (poem) + 76 t. D, Gen 34:7; Exod 12:15 + 42 t. P; Judg 5:2; Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) + 104 t. Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Ki 1-12; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ of whole people 2Sam 8:15 +, of whole army 2Sam 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2Sam 2:9 + (so also later). (2) ׳יִשׂ = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2Sam 2:9, compare v2Sam 2:10; 2Sam 3:10; 2Sam 4:1; 2Sam 5:5; 2Sam 12:7; 2Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 4:20; 1Kgs 5:5 +; so at disruption 1Kgs 12:16 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 12:18; 1Kgs 12:19 then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, v1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 24:7; 1Kgs 24:10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; Amos 2:6; Amos 3:14 +, Hos 1:5; Hos 4:15 (twice in verse); Hos 5:3 (twice in verse); Hos 5:5 +, Mic 1:13, etc. (3) ׳יִשׂ of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isa 1:3; Isa 8:18; Mic 1:14; Mic 1:15, so ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ 1Kgs 12:17 after fall of Samaria, ׳יִשׂ (less often ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2Kgs 21:8; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 17:9; Ps 103:7; Jer 2:3; Jer 50:17; Jer 50:19 +; ׳יִשׂ also = Judah Jer 2:14; Jer 2:31; Jer 4:1 +, Ezek 13:2; Ezek 13:4; Ezek 13:16; Ezek 14:1; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9 +, Isa 40:27; Isa 41:8; Isa 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Neh 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Neh 10:34; Neh 10:3 +, Ps 14:7 (twice in verse) = Ps 53:7 (twice in verse), Ps 147:2; Ps 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chronicles: ׳יִשׂ of whole people 1Chr 2:7 + 110 t., of Northern kingdom 2Chr 11:1 + 16 t., of Judah 2Chr 12:6; 2Chr 19:8 + 9 t. (5) ׳יִשׂ personified as ׳עֶבֶד י, Isa 44:1; Isa 44:21; Isa 49:3.
b. ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ, (1) of undivided people Exod 1:12 (J), Exod 3:9 (E) + 72 t. J E, Deut 3:18; Deut 10:6 + 25 t. D, Gen 32:33 + 327 t. P; Judg 1:1 + 60 t. Judges; seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Ki 1-12; in 1Kings 13—2Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 + 9 t. Amos, Hosea; 2Chr 13:12 + 7 t. Chronicles. (3) of Judah (late) Ezek 2:3; Neh 1:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2Chr 31:5.
c. בֵּית ׳יִשׂ Exod 16:31; Exod 40:38 + 142 t. (see בַּיִת 5 d (δ); 81 t. Ezekiel, where = Judah; see especially Exod 37:16); ׳שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ Isa 8:14.
d. other phrases, see sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, (נטה) מַטֶּה, (יעד) עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of ׳י) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, I. גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. קוה), I. צוּר (V. צור), קָדוֺשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3).
e. ׳יִשׂ = the laity, opposed to priests, etc. (late): Ezra 10:25; Neh 11:3; 1Chr 9:2 ׳כָּליִֿשׂ Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5 ׳הָעָם יִשׂ Ezra 9:1 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Neh 10:40, compare ׳שְׁאָר יִשׂ Neh 11:20.

BDB9596 H3478 H3479

יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name, of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ I. שָׂרָה); — ׳אֱלַהּ יִשׁ Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15 ׳מֶלֶךְ לְיִשׂ Ezra 5:11 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Ezra 6:16, ׳עַמָּא יִשׂ Ezra 7:13.

israel, israelites, israels

yiśrāʾēl

God prevails

he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel

the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split

הַ מִּֽתְנַדְּבִ֖ים

הַ

Prefix — article the

מִּֽתְנַדְּבִ֖ים

Root word willingly, offered, willing, freely

Dictionary form: נָדַב · naw-DAHB

Verb — Hithpael, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state reflexive — "he did it to / for himself" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: that offered themselves willingly

giveth it willingly ×1 i have willingly offered ×1 made them willing ×1 made willing ×1 offered freely ×1 offered willingly ×1 that offered themselves willingly ×1 that they offered willingly ×1

More options

give voluntarily — Broadest rendering; fits most narrative and legal contexts.

donate freely — Emphasizes no compulsion; good for offerings and gifts.

contribute willingly — Slightly more formal; suits communal or collective giving.

volunteer — Captures spontaneous, self-motivated action; good for persons, not objects.

offer generously — Highlights abundance and open-handedness in worship contexts.

pledge spontaneously — Use when the impulsive, uncoerced nature of the vow is key.

BDB4985 H5068

נָדַב verb incite, impel (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic call impel, incite ( be noble, willing, generous is denominative from [ compare] נָדִיב according to Ba^{NB § 125 e}); VIII. ready, willing; Assyrian nidbu, freewill-offering Dl^{HWB 448}; Aramaic נְדַב be willing Pa`el, Ithpa`al; Zinjirli נדב inciting, instigation DHM^{Sendsch. 60}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular נָדַב Exod 35:29 3 feminine singular נָָֽדְבָה vExod 35:21 Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יִדְּבֶנּוּ Exod 25:2 — אֲשֶׁר נָדַב לִבּוֺ Exod 25:2 whose heart incited compare Exod 35:29 subject רוּחַ Exod 35:21 (all P). Hithpa`el Perfect 1 singular הִתְנַדַּבְתִּי 1Chr 29:27 3 masculine plural הִתְנַדְּבוּ Ezra 2:68; 1Chr 29:9 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִתְנַדְּבוּ v1Chr 29:6 Infinitive הִתְנַדֵּב Judg 5:2 + 2 t.; הִתְנַדֶּבֿ 1Chr 29:17 sf הִתְנַדְּבָם v1Chr 29:9 Participle מִתְנַדֵּב Ezra 3:5 + 2.t.; plural מִתְנַדְּבִים Judg 5:9; Neh 11:2 —

1. volunteer for war Judg 5:2; Judg 5:9 for service of other kinds 2Chr 17:16; Neh 11:2.

2. offer freewill-offerings for the first temple 1Chr 29:5; 1Chr 29:6; 1Chr 29:9 (twice in verse); 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:17 (twice in verse); for the second Ezra 1:4; Ezra 2:68; Ezra 3:5 (compare Biblical Aramaic).

BDB9692 H5069 H5068

[נְדַב] verb Hithpa`el volunteer, offer freely (ᵑ7 Biblical Hebrew נָדַב); — Perfect 3 masculine plural הִתְנַדַּ֫בוּ Ezra 7:15 Infinitive הִתְנַדָּבוּת vEzra 7:16 Participle vEzra 7:13 plural מִתְנַדַּב vEzra 7:13 plural דְּבִין- vEzra 7:16 —

1. volunteer, followed by infinitive, Ezra 7:13.

2. give, or offer freely, vEzra 7:15, accusative of thing + ל of God; vEzra 7:16, with ל of temple; freewill gift (infinitive, properly freewill giving) vEzra 7:16.

willingly, offered, willing, freely

nādab

to impel; hence, to volunteer (as a soldier), to present spontaneously

to incite, impel, make willing

(Qal) to incite, impel

to volunteer

בָּ עָ֑ם

בָּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

עָ֑ם

Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

Dictionary form: עַם · am

בָּ

Hidden "the" בָּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: among the people

the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50

More options

people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.

nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.

community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.

population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.

folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.

crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

I. עַם, עָם₁₈₄₀ noun masculine^{Gen 11:6} (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare We^{GGN 1893, 480}); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

2. = smaller units, e.g.
a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).

3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).

4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).

5. phrases are:
a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

BDB6147 H5971

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb^{151, 499}; see also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280-84}); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff}.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

עַם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15d}); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

ʿam

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

nation, people

people, nation

בָּרֲכוּ

Root word blessed, bless, blesseth, salute, blessest, …

Dictionary form: בָּרַךְ · baw-RAHK

Verb — Piel, Imperative, second person masculine plural intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: bless

blessed ×69 and blessed ×28 bless ×28 hath blessed ×8 and bless ×7 be blessed ×7 to bless ×5 and he blessed ×4

More options

bless — Core meaning; fits divine and human blessing contexts.

praise — Use when the recipient is God or a deity.

honor — Suits formal, relational, or social blessing contexts.

greet — Fits salutation or farewell uses of the root.

kneel — Literal physical posture sense; rare but attested.

congratulate — Informal register; suited to human celebratory contexts.

BDB1330 H1288 H1263

[בָּרַךְ]₃₂₉ verb kneel, bless (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic ; Ethiopic : Aramaic בְּרֵךְ (praise), Palmyrene especially in בריך שמו לעלמא Vog^{Palm. 74 ff.} compare 94, 144) —

Qal Imperfect יִבְּרַךְ 2Chr 6:13 נִבְרְכָה Ps 95:6 בָּרוֺךְ (see Pi`el); Passive participle בָּרוּךְ Gen 9:26 + 70 t.; —

1. kneel down (so Arabic, Syriac, Ethiopic): וַיִּבְרַךְ עַלבִּֿרְכָּיו and he kneeled upon his knees 2Chr 6:13 ׳נִבְרְכָה לפני י let us kneel before Yahweh Ps 95:6.

2. bless (only passive participle).
a. of God: ׳בָּרוּךְ י blessed be (or is) ׳י Exod 18:10 (E) Gen 9:26; Gen 24:27 (J) Ruth 4:14; 1Sam 25:32: 1Sam 25:39; 2Sam 18:28; 1Kgs 1:48; 1Kgs 5:21; 1Kgs 8:51; 1Kgs 8:56; 1Kgs 10:9; 1Chr 16:36; 1Chr 29:10; 2Chr 2:11; 2Chr 6:4; 2Chr 9:8; Ps 28:6; Ps 31:22; Ps 41:14; Ps 72:18; Ps 89:53; Ps 106:48; Ps 119:12; Ps 124:6; Ps 135:21; Ps 144:1; Zech 11:5 אלהים ׳ב Ps 66:20; Ps 68:36 אדני ׳ב Ps 68:20 (probably for an original יהוה); אל עליון ׳ב Gen 14:20 (E); צוּרִי ׳ב 2Sam 22:47 (= Ps 18:47); ׳כבוד י ׳ב Ezek 3:12 שׁם ׳ב כבודו Ps 72:19.
b. of men: Gen 27:33 (J) Num 22:12 (E) Deut 7:14; Deut 28:3; Deut 28:6; Deut 33:20; Deut 33:24; 1Sam 25:33; 1Sam 26:25; Judg 17:2; 1Kgs 2:45; Ps 118:26; Isa 19:25; Jer 17:7; Jer 20:14 מברכך ברוך blessed be the one blessing thee Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 (E); ליהוה ׳ב Ruth 2:19; Ruth 2:20; Ruth 3:10; 1Sam 15:13; 1Sam 23:21; 2Sam 2:5; Ps 115:15 לאל עליון ׳ב Gen 14:19 ׳בְּרוּךְ י Gen 24:31; Gen 26:29 (J); ׳בְּרוּכֵי י Isa 65:23.
c. things: בָּרוּךְ פרי בטנך blessed be the fruit of thy womb Deut 28:4 compare Deut 28:5; 1Sam 25:33; Prov 5:18. Niph`al Perfect נִבְרְכוּ Gen 12:3; Gen 18:18; Gen 28:14 (J) bless oneself (compare Hithpa`el). Pi`el₂₃₃ Perfect בֵּרַךְ Gen 24:1 + 29 t.; בֵּרֵךְ Ps 10:3; Num 23:20 בֵּרְכוּ 2Chr 20:26 וּבֵרֲכוּ Job 1:5 suffix בֵּרֲכוֺ, בֵּרֲכַּנִי, etc., Gen 27:27 + 5 t.; בֵּרַכְךָ Deut 2:7 + 9 t.; Imperfect יְבָרֵךְ, וַיְּבֶ֫רֶךְ etc., Gen 28:3 + 52 t.; אֲבָֽרֲכָה Gen 12:3 + 2 t.; plural יְבָֽרֲכוּ Gen 24:60 + 11 t.; suffix יְבָרֶכְךָ Gen 27:10 + 21 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֶךָּ Gen 49:25 + 2 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֵהוּ Gen 14:19 + 16 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֵם Gen 48:20 + 6 t.; אֲבָרֶכְכָה Gen 27:7 תְּבָֽרֲכַּ נִּי Gen 27:19; Gen 27:31 יְבָֽרֲכֶנְהוּ Ps 72:15 יְבָֽרֲכוּכָה Ps 145:10 Imperative בָּרֵךְ Deut 33:11 + 29 t.; Infinitive construct בָּרֵךְ Gen 22:17 + 24 t.; Infinitive absolute בָּרוֺךְ Josh 24:10 (Ki, compare Kö^{i. 191}, Ew^{§ 240 b, 2} Ol Sta); Participle מְבָרֵךְ Prov 27:14 + 4 t.; —

1. bless God, adore with bended knees: accusative ׳ברך י Gen 24:48 (J) Deut 8:10; Judg 5:2; Judg 5:9; 1Chr 29:10; 1Chr 29:20; 2Chr 20:26; 2Chr 31:8; Neh 9:5; Ps 16:7; Ps 26:12; Ps 34:2; Ps 63:5; Ps 103:20; Ps 103:21; Ps 103:22; Ps 115:18; Ps 134:1; Ps 134:2; Ps 135:19; Ps 135:20; Ps 145:2; Ps 145:10 ברכי ׳נפשׁי את י Ps 103:1; Ps 103:2; Ps 103:22; Ps 104:1; Ps 104:35 ברך שׁם bless the name of Yahweh Neh 9:5; Ps 96:2; Ps 100:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 145:21 ברך אלהים Josh 22:33; Ps 66:8; Ps 68:27 (doubtless for an original יהוה), with לְ 1Chr 29:20 מְבָרֵךְ אָוָן Isa 66:3 (of idolatrous worship).

2. God blesses
a. men: absolute Num 23:20 (E) Ps 109:28 with accusative Gen 32:27; Gen 32:30; Gen 48:16; Exod 20:24; Num 24:1; Josh 24:10 (E) Gen 12:2; Gen 12:3; Gen 22:17; Gen 24:1; Gen 24:35; Gen 26:12; Gen 30:27; Gen 30:30; Gen 39:5; Gen 49:25; Josh 17:14 (J) Gen 1:22; Gen 1:28; Gen 5:2; Gen 9:1; Gen 17:16; Gen 17:20; Gen 25:11; Gen 26:3; Gen 26:24; Gen 28:3; Gen 35:9; Gen 48:3; Num 6:24; Num 6:27 (P) Deut 1:11; Deut 2:7; Deut 7:13; Deut 12:7; Deut 14:24; Deut 14:29; Deut 15:4; Deut 15:6; Deut 15:10; Deut 15:14; Deut 15:18; Deut 16:10; Deut 16:15; Deut 23:21; Deut 24:13; Deut 24:19; Deut 26:15; Deut 28:8; Deut 30:16; Deut 2:11; Deut 2:12; Deut 7:29; Deut 1:10; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:27; Deut 26:5; Deut 2:10; Ps 5:13; Ps 28:9; Ps 29:11; Ps 45:3; Ps 67:2; Ps 67:7; Ps 67:8; Ps 107:38; Ps 115:12; Ps 115:13; Ps 128:5; Ps 134:3; Ps 147:13; Prov 3:33; Isa 19:25; Isa 51:2; Isa 61:9; Jer 31:23; Hag 2:19,
b. things: Sabbath Gen 2:3; Exod 20:11 (P); field Gen 27:27 (E); bread Exod 23:25 (E); work Deut 28:12; Job 1:10 compare Deut 33:11; Ps 65:11; Ps 132:15.

3. men bless men: priests & kings ׳בשׁם י Deut 10:8; Deut 21:5; 2Sam 6:18; 1Chr 16:2; 1Chr 23:13; Ps 129:8 Melchizedek Abraham Gen 14:19 Moses Deut 33:1; Exod 12:32; Exod 39:43 Joshua Josh 14:13; Josh 22:6; Josh 22:7 priests Lev 9:22; Lev 9:23; Num 6:23; Deut 27:12; Josh 8:33; 2Chr 30:27; Ps 118:26 Solomon 1Kgs 8:14; 1Kgs 8:55 ( = 2Chr 6:3); David 2Sam 6:20 (= 1Chr 16:43) 2Sam 19:40 Eli 1Sam 2:20 Balaam Num 22:6; Num 23:11; Num 23:20; Num 23:25; Num 24:10 fathers, especially on death-bed Gen 27:4 + 12 t. Gen 27 (all J E) Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 (P) Gen 32:1 (E) Gen 48:9 (P) Gen 48:15; Gen 48:20; Gen 49:28 (J) 2Sam 13:25 in consecrating a sacrifice 1Sam 9:13.

4. salute, greet, with an invocation of blessing (stronger than שׁלום):בך יברך ישׂראל with thee will Israel bless Gen 48:20 (E).
a. in meeting Gen 47:7 (P) 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 10:15; 1Sam 13:10.
b. in departing Gen 24:60 (J) Gen 47:10 (P) 1Kgs 8:66.
c. by messengers 1Sam 25:14; 2Sam 8:10; 1Chr 18:10.
d. in gratitude Job 31:20; Prov 30:11; Neh 11:2.
e. morning salutation Prov 27:14. feminine congratulations for prosperity Gen 12:3 (J) Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 (E) 1Kgs 1:47; Ps 49:19; Ps 62:5.
g. in homage 2Sam 14:22; Ps 72:15.
h. in friendliness 2Sam 21:3.

5. bless, with the antithetical meaning curse (Thes) from the greeting in departing, saying adieu to, taking leave of; but rather a blessing overdone and so really a curse as in vulgar English as well as in the Shemitic cognates: 1Kgs 21:10; 1Kgs 21:13; Job 1:5; Job 1:11; Job 2:5; Job 2:9; Ps 10:3. Pu`al Imperfect יְבֹרַךְ 2Sam 7:29 + 3 t.; תְּבֹרַךְ Judg 5:24; Prov 20:21 Participle מְבֹרָךְ Num 22:6 + 3 t.; feminine מְבֹרֶכֶת Deut 33:13 מְבֹרָכָיו Ps 37:22 —

1. passive to be blessed, adored: ׳שׁם י Job 1:21; Ps 113:2

2. prospered by God:
a. persons 2Sam 7:29; 1Chr 17:27; Ps 37:22; Ps 112:2; Ps 128:4; Prov 20:21.
b. things Deut 33:13.

3. have prosperity invoked, by Balaam Num 22:6.

4. in gratitude Prov 22:9; Judg 5:24. Hiph`il וַיַּבְרֵךְ חַגְּמַלִּים and he made his camels kneel Gen 24:11 (J). Hithpa`el הִתְבָּרֵךְ Deut 29:18 + 3 t.; Imperfect יִתְבָּרֵךְ Isa 65:16; Ps 72:17 Participle מִתְבָּרֵךְ Isa 65:16 — bless oneself, congratulate onself בלבבו in his heart Deut 29:18 בזרעך with or by (compare בְּ III.

2. d) thy seed (invoke for oneself the blessing of the see of Abraham) Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (J); by the Messianic king Ps 72:17 באלהי אמן Isa 65:16 by ׳י Jer 4:2.

BDB9387 H1288 H1289

[בְּרַךְ] verb kneel, bless (so Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe Participle

1. active בָּרֵךְ עַלבִּֿרְכוֺ֫הִי Dan 6:11 kneeling on his knees (in prayer).

2. passive בְּרִיךְ Dan 3:28 blessed (be) the God, etc. Pa`el bless, praise: Perfect 3 masculine singular בָּרִךְ Dan 2:19, 1 singular בָּֽתְכֵת (K^{§ 39, 3}) Dan 4:31, both with ל of God; Passive participle מְבָרַךְ Dan 2:20 the name of God (be) blessed.

blessed, bless, blesseth, salute, blessest, …

bārak

to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (God or the king, as treason)

to bless, kneel

(Qal)

to kneel

יְהוָֽה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Ye the lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: ye the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc/Sp1cs

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3820

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Vqrmpc

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2710

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3478

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Vtrmpa

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5068

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Rd/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5971

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vpv2mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1288

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV