Lamentations 4:7

זַכּ֤וּ נְזִירֶ֙יהָ֙ מִשֶּׁ֔לֶג צַח֖וּ מֵחָלָ֑ב אָ֤דְמוּ עֶ֙צֶם֙ מִפְּנִינִ֔ים סַפִּ֖יר גִּזְרָתָֽם

Her Nazarites were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was of sapphire:

Connections

Psalms 51:7

תְּחַטְּאֵנִי בְאֵזוֹב וְאֶטְהָר תְּכַבְּסֵנִי וּמִשֶּׁלֶג אַלְבִּֽין׃

Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean: wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow.

Psalms 144:12

אֲשֶׁר בָּנֵינוּ׀ כִּנְטִעִים מְגֻדָּלִים בִּֽנְעוּרֵיהֶם בְּנוֹתֵינוּ כְזָוִיֹּת מְחֻטָּבוֹת תַּבְנִית הֵיכָֽל׃

That our sons may be as plants grown up in their youth; that our daughters may be as corner stones, polished after the similitude of a palace:

Song of Solomon 5:10

דּוֹדִי צַח וְאָדוֹם דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָֽה׃

My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand.

1 Samuel 16:12

וַיִּשְׁלַח וַיְבִיאֵהוּ וְהוּא אַדְמוֹנִי עִם-יְפֵה עֵינַיִם וְטוֹב רֹאִי וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה קוּם מְשָׁחֵהוּ כִּי-זֶה הֽוּא׃

And he sent, and brought in. him Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he.

Judges 13:5

כִּי הִנָּךְ הָרָה וְיֹלַדְתְּ בֵּן וּמוֹרָה לֹֽא-יַעֲלֶה עַל-רֹאשׁוֹ כִּֽי-נְזִיר אֱלֹהִים יִֽהְיֶה הַנַּעַר מִן-הַבָּטֶן וְהוּא יָחֵל לְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת-יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃

For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.

Numbers 6:2

דַּבֵּר אֶל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ אֽוֹ-אִשָּׁה כִּי יַפְלִא לִנְדֹּר נֶדֶר נָזִיר לְהַזִּיר לַֽיהוָֽה׃

Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the LORD:

Judges 13:7

וַיֹּאמֶר לִי הִנָּךְ הָרָה וְיֹלַדְתְּ בֵּן וְעַתָּה אַל-תִּשְׁתִּי׀ יַיִן וְשֵׁכָר וְאַל-תֹּֽאכְלִי כָּל-טֻמְאָה כִּֽי-נְזִיר אֱלֹהִים יִֽהְיֶה הַנַּעַר מִן-הַבֶּטֶן עַד-יוֹם מוֹתֽוֹ׃

But he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the womb to the day of his death.

Amos 2:11

וָאָקִים מִבְּנֵיכֶם לִנְבִיאִים וּמִבַּחוּרֵיכֶם לִנְזִרִים הַאַף אֵֽין-זֹאת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נְאֻם-יְהוָֽה׃

And I raised up of your sons for prophets, and of your young men for Nazarites. Is it not even thus, O ye children of Israel? saith the LORD.

Judges 16:17

וַיַּגֶּד-לָהּ אֶת-כָּל-לִבּוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר לָהּ מוֹרָה לֹֽא-עָלָה עַל-רֹאשִׁי כִּֽי-נְזִיר אֱלֹהִים אֲנִי מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי אִם-גֻּלַּחְתִּי וְסָר מִמֶּנִּי כֹחִי וְחָלִיתִי וְהָיִיתִי כְּכָל-הָֽאָדָֽם׃

That he told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother's womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall become weak, and be like any other man.

Daniel 1:15

וּמִקְצָת יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה נִרְאָה מַרְאֵיהֶם טוֹב וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר מִן-כָּל-הַיְלָדִים הָאֹכְלִים אֵת פַּתְבַּג הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the children which did eat the portion of the king's meat.

Luke 1:15

ἔσται γὰρ μέγας ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου καὶ οἶνον καὶ σίκερα οὐ μὴ πίῃ καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου πλησθήσεται ἔτι ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ

For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb.

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Lamentations 4:7

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Niqqud

Cantillation

Masoretic Phrasing

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.

זַכּ֤וּ נְזִירֶ֙יהָ֙ Pashta — a lesser break מִשֶּׁ֔לֶג Zaqef Qatan — a strong break צַח֖וּ Tipeha — a lesser break מֵחָלָ֑ב Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here אָ֤דְמוּ עֶ֙צֶם֙ Pashta — a lesser break מִפְּנִינִ֔ים Zaqef Qatan — a strong break סַפִּ֖יר Tipeha — a lesser break גִּזְרָתָֽם Silluq — end of the verse

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Word Parts

זַכּ֤וּ

Root word clean, pure, purer

Dictionary form: זָכַךְ · dzaw-KAHK

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqp3cp

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

זַכּוּ

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Third Person Number Plural

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: were purer

are not pure ×1 clean ×1 so clean ×1 were purer ×1

More options

be pure — Most versatile; fits moral and ritual contexts alike.

be clean — Modernizes KJV 'clean'; good for ritual/physical purity.

be spotless — Emphasizes complete absence of blemish or fault.

be unblemished — Suits moral or sacrificial contexts; slightly formal.

be clear — Good when transparency or innocence is in view.

be untainted — Highlights freedom from corruption or contamination.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2350 H2141

[זָכַךְ] verb be bright, clean, pure (kindred with foregoing. Only Lamentations, Job) —

Qal Perfect only 3 masculine plural זַכּ֫וּ; —

1. be right, shining, figurative of splendour of nobles נְזִירִים מִשֶּׁלֶג ׳ז Lam 4:7 (|| מֵחָלָב צַחוּ).

2. be clean, pure in God's sight, of heavens Job 15:15, of stars Job 25:5 (|| יַאֲהִיל of moon; compare also יִזְכֶּה Job 15:14; Job 25:4). Hiph`il cleanse, only Perfect 1 singular וַהֲזִכּוֺתִי בְּבֹר כַּפָּֽי׃ Job 9:30, figurative of making morally spotless (|| הִתְרָחַצְתִּי).

Strong's Definition H2141

clean, pure, purer

zākak

to be transparent or clean (phys. or morally)

to be pure, be bright, be clean, be bright, clean

(Qal)

to be bright, be shining

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 4 English renderings

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Word Parts

נְזִירֶ֙י הָ֙

נְזִירֶ֙י

Root word nazarite, nazarites, undressed, separate, separated

הָ֙

Suffix — pronoun her / it

Dictionary form: נָזִיר · naw-DZEER

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp3fs

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

נְזִירֶי	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Construct
הָ	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Feminine Number Singular

In English

In the KJV here: her nazarites

of the nazarite ×3 a nazarite ×2 of thy vine undressed ×2 and the nazarite ×1 for nazarites ×1 have been a nazarite ×1 her nazarites ×1 of a nazarite ×1

More options

Nazirite — Standard modern spelling; preferred in academic and liturgical contexts.

consecrated one — Highlights the dedication aspect over the ritual label.

one set apart — Captures the separation nuance without technical vocabulary.

dedicated person — Accessible, general-audience rendering of the vow concept.

untended vine — Use only in agricultural contexts (Lev 25:5, 11).

ascetic — Emphasizes self-denial; risks anachronism in narrative texts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5103 H5139

נָזִיר noun masculine^{Gen 49:26} one consecrated, devoted (׳נזיר י (of Samuel); compare Syriac RS^{Semitic i. 463,2d ed. 483}); — ׳נ absolute Num 6:2 + 5 t.; construct נְזִיר Gen 49:26 + 4 t.; suffix נְזִירֶ֑ךְ Lev 25:5 plural נְזִרִים Amos 2:11; Amos 2:12 suffix נְוִדֶיהָ Lev 25:11, נְזִירֶיהָ Lam 4:7 —

1. of prince, ruler, as consecrated: נְזִיר אֶחָיו Lam 49:26 (poem in J), one consecrated among his brethren, = Deut 33:16 compare נְזִירֶיהָ Lam 4:7 her princes.

2. specifically of one dedicated to ׳י by vow involving abstinence from intoxicants, from touching corpse, and from cutting hair (compare נֵזֶר 2), devotee (GFM), Nazirite: אֱלּהִים ׳נ God's devotee, of Samson Judg 13:5; Judg 13:7; Judg 16:17 (exceptionally, from birth); usually voluntary Amos 2:11; Amos 2:12, and for limited time, compare ׳נֶדֶר נ Num 6:2 (of man or woman; compare Peritz^{JBL xvii (1898), 128}), ׳תּוֺרַת נ vNum 6:13 vNum 6:21, also vNum 6:18 vNum 6:19 vNum 6:20 (all P; compare also נֵזֶר). — On Naz. see GFM^{Judg 13:5} Dr^{Amos 2:11}, especially Grill^{JPTh. 1880, 645-680} Now^{Archaeology ii, § 97} Benz^{Archaeology 429 f.} Gray^{JThs. Jan. 1900, 201 ff.}

3. = untrimmed vine (like Nazirite with unshorn hair) Lev 25:5; Lev 25:11 (H P).

Strong's Definition H5139

nazarite, nazarites, undressed, separate, separated

nāzîr

separate, i.e., consecrated (as prince, a Nazirite); hence (figuratively from the latter) an unpruned vine (like an unshorn Nazirite)

consecrated or devoted one, Nazarite

consecrated one

Variations 8 forms of this word

Translations 12 English renderings

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Word Parts

מִ שֶּׁ֔לֶג

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

שֶּׁ֔לֶג

Root word snow, snowy, water

Dictionary form: שֶׁלֶג · sheh-LEɡ

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

מִ	Speech Preposition
שֶּׁלֶג	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: than snow

as snow ×3 the snow ×3 of snow ×2 of the snow ×2 snow ×2 than snow ×2 and the snow ×1 as white as snow ×1

More options

snow — Default rendering; fits nearly every context.

snowfall — Emphasizes snow as a weather event or precipitation.

snowmelt — Best for water/liquid contexts (e.g. 'snow water').

snowy — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

snow-white — For color-comparison contexts ('white as snow').

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8693 H7950

שֶׁלֶ֫ג noun masculine^{Isa 55:10} snow; — absolute ׳שׁ Isa 1:18 +, שָׁ֑לֶג Exod 4:6 +; construct שֶׁ֫לֶג Jer 18:14 — snow, 2Sam 23:20 (׳יוֺם הַשּׁ) = 1Chr 11:22; Job 6:16; Job 37:6 (|| גֶּשֶׁם מָטָר) Ps 147:16; Ps 148:8 ( + אֵשׁ, בָּרָד, קִיטוֺר); ׳מֵימֵי שׁ Job 24:19, compare Job 9:30 Qr (בְּמֵי, < Qr בְּמוֺ De Di Bu and others, snow as purifying; see also [מַי]; in poetry ׳אִצְרוֺת שׁ Job 38:22 (|| בָּרָד ׳א); symbolic of cold Prov 31:21 as moistening, fertilizing Isa 55:10 (|| גֶּשֶׁם); on mountains, figurative of normal habit, לְבָנוֺן ׳שׁ Jer 18:14 simile of whiteness, of leprosy Exod 4:6 (J), Num 12:10(E), 2Kgs 5:27 with מִן comp,, of fair skin Lam 4:7 (|| חָלָב); simile of sins, יַלְבִּינוּ ׳כַּשּׁ Isa 1:18, compare Ps 51:9 (מִן compare); simile of refreshment Prov 25:13 (drink cooled by snow, see references in DeToy), of the unfitting בַּקַיִץ ׳כַּשּׁ Prov 26:1 (|| מָטָר). — On snow in Palestine see Nicol^{Hast. DB SNOW}.

BDB9999 H7950 H8517

תְּלַג noun [masculine] snow (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שֶׁלֶג); — absolute ׳ת Dan 7:9 (simile).

Strong's Definition H7950

snow, snowy, water

šeleg

snow (probably from its whiteness)

snow

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 12 English renderings

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Word Parts

צַח֖וּ

Root word whiter

Dictionary form: צָחַח · tsaw-HA

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqp3cp

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

צַחוּ

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Third Person Number Plural

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: they were whiter

they were whiter ×1

More options

be white — Neutral, general-purpose rendering for brightness/purity.

be dazzling white — Emphasizes brilliance; good for vivid, poetic contexts.

be gleaming — Highlights luminous sheen rather than mere color.

be radiant — Suggests glowing brightness; suits metaphorical or elevated prose.

be brilliant — Stresses intensity of whiteness; fits comparative descriptions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7028 H6705

[צָחַח] verb be dazzling (ᵑ7 צַחְצַח polish; Syriac be scorched, Aph`el declare in writing (make clear), clarus, lucidus, fulgidus; , , smooth, plain); —

Qal Perfect 3 plural צַחוּ מֵחָלָב Lam 4:7 (|| זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג), they are more dazzling (i.e. whiter) than milk (of effeminate skin).

Strong's Definition H6705

whiter

ṣāḥaḥ

to glare, i.e., be dazzling white

(Qal) to be dazzling, be aglow, glow

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 1 English renderings

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Word Parts

מֵ חָלָ֑ב

מֵ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

חָלָ֑ב

Root word milk, sucking, cheeses

Dictionary form: חָלָב · haw-LAWB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

מֵ	Speech Preposition
חָלָב	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: than milk

with milk ×23 and milk ×4 milk ×4 of milk ×4 as milk ×1 cheeses ×1 from the milk ×1 him milk ×1

More options

milk — Direct modern equivalent; broadly suitable in nearly all contexts.

dairy — Useful in dietary or agricultural contexts (e.g., dairy products).

cream — When richness or finest quality is emphasized poetically.

nursing milk — Highlights suckling/infant nourishment contexts specifically.

curds — For thickened or processed milk contexts; pairs with cheese imagery.

cheese — Reserve for contexts where a solid milk product is clearly intended.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2745 H2461

חָלָב noun masculine milk (Late Hebrew id. (and verb denominative); Aramaic חַלָבָּא, , Phoenician חלב; Arabic noun fresh milk, verb milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, see Dl^{Pr 174}; Ethiopic ) — ׳ח absolute Gen 18:18 + 35 t. + Ezek 34:3 (see below); construct חֲלֵב Exod 23:19 + 5 t.; suffix חֲלָבִי Song 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Ezek 25:4 — milk:
a. as common food Gen 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q. v.), חֲלֵב צאֹן Deut 32:14 (poetry; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Judg 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב: — מִיץ חָלָב יוֺצִיא חֶמְאָה Prov 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֺת חָלָב יאֹכַל חֶמְאָה Isa 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; compare also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב 1Sam 17:18 cuts of milk, i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Job 21:24 (see Ew De Di VB), and kept in skins (׳נאֹוד ח) Judg 4:19 men drank it (שׁתה) Ezek 25:4 (compare השׁקה Judg 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emendation הֶחָלָב Ezek 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Bo Hi-Sm Co, and others; it was poured out, see simile of formation of the embryo תַּתִּיכֵנִי ׳הֲלֹא כֶח Job 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specifically (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Prov 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (RS^{Semitic i. 204}). (2) with אֵם mother's milk: of kid לֹאתְֿבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֺ Exod 23:19 = Exod 34:26 (JE) = Deut 14:21, compare ׳טְלֵה ח 1Sam 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrifice); but also of human beings ׳גְּמוּלֵי מֵח Isa 28:9 weaned from milk (|| עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֫יִם); figurative in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֺיִם Isa 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (|| תִּינָ֑קִי וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים). (3) ׳ח with wine, as especially delicacy Song 5:1 (see De), figurative of ׳י's choicest blessings Isa 55:1. (4) often in phrase of productiveness of land of Canaan (דְּבַשׁ) זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֫שׁ flowing with milk and honey Exod 3:8; Exod 3:17; Exod 13:5; Exod 33:3; Num 13:27; Num 14:8; Num 16:13; Num 16:14 (all J E), Lev 20:24 (H), Deut 6:3; Deut 11:9; Deut 26:9; Deut 26:15; Deut 27:3; Deut 31:20; Josh 5:6; Jer 11:5; Jer 32:22; Ezek 20:6; Ezek 20:15 in Messianic time the hills ׳תֵּלַכְנָה ח Joel 4:18 (|| יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); figurative of charms of loved one תַּחַת לְשׁוֺנֵךְ ׳דְּבַשׁ וְח Song 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue.
b. milk as white ׳לְבֶןשִֿׁנַּיִם מֵח Gen 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; ׳צַחוּ מֵח Lam 4:7 they were whiter than milk (|| זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also probably of eyes (iris) ׳רֹחֲצוֺת בֶּח Song 5:12 bathed in milk, i.e. the white of the eye. — On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice see RS^{Semitic 204}.

Strong's Definition H2461

milk, sucking, cheeses

ḥālāb

milk (as the richness of kine)

milk, sour milk, cheese

milk

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 13 English renderings

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Word Parts

אָ֤דְמוּ

Root word red, ruddy

Dictionary form: אָדַם · aw-DAHM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqp3cp

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

אָדְמוּ

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Third Person Number Plural

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: they were more ruddy

dyed red ×5 hair and red ×1 is made red ×1 it is red ×1 they be red ×1 they were more ruddy ×1

More options

red — Broadest, most natural modern rendering for color.

ruddy — Warm reddish complexion; suits descriptions of people.

crimson — Vivid, deep red; good for dramatic or poetic contexts.

flushed — Reddened skin; prefer for living subjects showing color.

dyed scarlet — For dyed fabric or objects rather than natural color.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB113 H119

[אָדֹם, אָדֵם] verb be red (on formation compare Lag^{BN 83} compare 120) —

Qal Perfect 3 plural אָֽדְמוּ ruddy, of Nazirites Lam 4:7 Pu`al Participle reddened, dyed red, מְאָדָּם Nah 2:4 (of shield), מְאָדָּמִים of rams' skins Exod 25:5; Exod 26:14; Exod 35:7; Exod 35:23; Exod 36:19; Exod 39:34 (all P). Hithpa`el Imperfect redden, grow or look red, יִתְאַדָּ֑ם Prov 23:31 (of wine); Hiph`il Imperfect emit (show) redness (compare Lag^{BN 120}) יַאְדִּימוּ כַתּוֺלָע Isa 1:18 (of sins) i.e. be glaring, flagrant (compare also vIsa 1:15).

Strong's Definition H119

red, ruddy

ʾādam

to show blood (in the face), i.e., flush or turn rosy

to be red, red

(Qal) ruddy (of Nazarites)

to be rubbed red

to cause to show red

to redden

Variations 6 forms of this word

Translations 6 English renderings

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Word Parts

עֶ֙צֶם֙

Root word bones, bone, selfsame, same, body, …

Dictionary form: עֶצֶם · eh-TSEM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsa

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

עֶצֶם

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: in body

the bones ×15 my bones ×14 and the bones ×8 bones ×8 their bones ×7 his bones ×5 same ×5 bone ×3

More options

bone — Core anatomical meaning; default choice in most contexts.

body — Use when referring to the whole physical self or corpse.

very (same) — Idiomatic emphatic sense, e.g. 'that very day'.

essence — Captures the 'core/self' nuance in poetic or abstract passages.

self — Useful for identity or reflexive emphasis in narrative prose.

strength — Metaphorical register; prefer in poetic imagery of vitality.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6294 H6106

I. עֶ֫צֶם₁₂₅ noun feminine^{Ps 35:10} (with pronoun masculine Ezek 37:5; Ezek 37:6 etc., compare Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896). 73}) bone, substance, self; — absolute ׳י Gen 2:23 +; עָ֑צֶם; Prov 15:30; Prov 16:24 construct עֶצֶם Exod 24:10 +; suffix עַצְמִי Job 19:20 +, etc.; plural עֲצָמוֺת 2Kgs 23:16 +; construct עַצְמוֺת Josh 24:22 +; suffix עַצְמֹתַי Job 4:14 +, etc.; also עֲצָמִים Ezek 24:4 +, suffix עֲצָמַי Gen 2:23 +, etc.; —

1. bone:
a. of living person Mic 3:2; Mic 3:3 (hyperbole), Job 10:11; Job 19:20; Lam 4:8; Ps 102:6; Eccl 11:5 +; figurative of close relationship עֶצָם מֵעֲצָמַי Gen 2:23, compare Gen 29:14 (both J), Judg 9:2; 2Sam 5:1 = 1Chr 11:1; 2Sam 19:13; 2Sam 19:14 (all + בָּשָׂר).
b. ׳ע + בָּשָׂר = body, Job 2:5, plural = bodily frame Jer 20:9 (simile), limbs, members, לַעֲצָמֶיהָ Judg 9:29 i.e. limb by limb (GFM); as seat of vigour Job 20:11, etc.
c. (poetry) as seat of disease and pain Job 30:17; Job 30:30 and (especially of personified Israel) Ps 22:15; Ps 31:11; Ps 102:4; Lam 1:13; Hab 3:16 +.
d. plural as representing entire person = one's whole being, (especially of personified Israel) Ps 6:3 (|| נֶפֶשׁ vPs 6:4), Ps 35:10 (|| נֶפֶשׁ vPs 35:9), Isa 66:14 of individual (including physical and moral) Prov 3:8; Prov 14:30; Prov 15:30; Prov 16:24.
e. singular = external body Lam 4:7 Ew Th and others, but dubious; Bi Bu bones (= branches) of coral (פְּנִינִים); Löhr עוֺרָם their skin. feminine especially of dead Num 19:16; Num 19:18 (P), Ezek 37:1 +; often (plural) = remains Amos 6:10; Gen 50:25; Exod 13:19 (twice in verse); Josh 24:32 (all E) +.

2. bone of animal Exod 12:46; Num 9:12 (both P); Ezek 24:4; Ezek 24:5 (symbolic); of (living) hippopotamus Job 40:18.

3. singular substance, self (compare גֶּרֶם 3): הַשָּׁמַיִם ׳כְּע Exod 24:10 (JE), like the substance of the sky = the sky itself; תֻּמּוֺ ׳בְּע Job 21:23 i.e. full prosperity; especially ׳אֶתעֿ הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Ezek 24:2 this selfsame day, ׳וגו ׳בְּע Ezek 24:2; Ezek 40:1; Gen 7:13; Gen 17:23; Gen 17:26; Exod 12:17; Exod 12:41; Exod 12:51; Lev 23:21; Lev 23:28; Lev 23:29; Lev 23:30; Deut 32:48; Josh 5:11 (all P), ׳וגו ׳עַדעֿ Ezek 2:3; Lev 23:14 (P), Josh 10:27 (R). — Ezek 24:5a read הָעֵצִים (Bö Ew and others); vEzek 24:10 strike out הָעֲצָמוֺת (Co Toy); Job 7:15 read מֵעַצְּבוֺתָ֑י (Reiske Me Bu Du and others); Ps 53:6 read perhaps מֵעֲצַת (compare || Ps 14:6 Bae; see Hup Che and others); Ps 69:5 read מֵעַצְמוֺתַי (for ᵑ0 מַצְמִיתַי), ᵑ6 Ol Che Bae and others

Strong's Definition H6106

bones, bone, selfsame, same, body, …

ʿeṣem

a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e., (as pron.) selfsame

bone, essence, substance

bone

body, limbs, members, external body

Variations 65 forms of this word

Translations 55 English renderings

Bones

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Word Parts

מִ פְּנִינִ֔ים

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

פְּנִינִ֔ים

Root word rubies

Dictionary form: פָּנִין · paw-NEEN

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Ncbpa

Noun — Common, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

מִ	Speech Preposition
פְּנִינִים	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Both Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: than rubies

than rubies ×3 above rubies ×1 is above rubies ×1 of rubies ×1

More options

rubies — Most familiar modern rendering; broadly understood.

pearls — Some scholars favor this; uncertain gem identity.

coral — Another scholarly proposal for this uncertain gemstone.

precious gems — Neutral catch-all when exact identification is unclear.

jewels — General term; suits poetic or wisdom contexts well.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6688 H6443

פְּנִינִים noun [feminine] plural corals (? as branching compare Arabic branch of tree; so Mich Thes and others; > pearls Bo^{Hieroz. 601} Di^Jb after Ra and others); — ׳פ figurative of value Prov 20:15 usually ׳מִפּ, camp. Job 28:18; Prov 3:15 (Kt מפניים), Prov 8:11; Prov 31:10 (all of value), Lam 4:7 (of red colour); + Ps 45:14 (perhaps; for פְּנִימָה, q. v. ).

Strong's Definition H6443

rubies

pānîn

ruby

a precious stone, especially a ruby

perhaps corals, rubies, jewels, possibly pearls

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 4 English renderings

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Word Parts

סַפִּ֖יר

Root word sapphire, sapphires, stone

Dictionary form: סַפִּיר · sahp-PEER

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

סַפִּיר

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: was of sapphire

a sapphire ×2 with sapphires ×2 of a sapphire ×1 of a sapphire stone ×1 of sapphires ×1 or the sapphire ×1 the sapphire ×1 them as it were a sapphire ×1

More options

sapphire — Standard modern term; fits most poetic and narrative contexts.

lapis lazuli — Preferred by scholars; ancient 'sapphire' likely meant this stone.

blue gemstone — Use when specific identification is uncertain or disputed.

precious stone — Broader term; highlights value over color or identity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5681 H5601

סַפִּיר noun [masculine] sapphire, perhaps also lapis lazuli (compare Di^{Exod 24:10} Now^{Archaeology i. 131}) (Late Hebrew id., and סַמְפִּירִינוֺן; ᵑ7 סַפִּרִינוֺן; ᵑ6 ; loan-word from Sanskrit canipriya according to Lag^{Ges. Abh. 72} Lewy^{Fremdw. 56} compare Greek σάπφειρος); — absolute ׳ס Exod 24:10 + 8 t.; pluralסַפִּירִים Isa 54:11; Song 5:14 — with other jewels as ornaments of prince Ezek 28:13 in high priest's breastplate Exod 28:18; Exod 39:11 found in mines Job 28:6, costly Job 28:16 compare Isa 54:11 taking high polish Lam 4:7 (in figurative); שֵׁן מְעֻלֶּפֶת סַפִּירִים Song 5:14 ivory covered with sapphires (in figurative); lapis lazuli, according to Hi BU Du and others in Job 28:6 (עַפְרֹת זָהָב לוֺ being understood of sparkling crystals of iron pyrites in this), but see Di; lapis lazuli may be intended in ׳לִבְנַת הַסּ Exod 24:10 (J) pavement of sapphire (in theoph.), compare ׳אֶבֶןסֿ Ezek 1:26; Ezek 10:1.

Strong's Definition H5601

sapphire, sapphires, stone

sappîr

a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire

sapphire, lapis lazuli

Variations 5 forms of this word

Translations 9 English renderings

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Word Parts

גִּזְרָתָֽ ם

גִּזְרָתָֽ

Root word place, polishing

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: גִּזְרָה · ɡidz-RAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsc/Sp3mp

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

גִּזְרָתָֽ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Construct
ם	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural

In English

In the KJV here: their polishing

the separate place ×5 and of the separate place ×1 and the separate place ×1 their polishing ×1

More options

separate area — Most neutral modern rendering of an enclosed/set-apart space.

restricted zone — Useful when the separation implies exclusion or boundaries.

enclosed space — Emphasizes physical enclosure, fits architectural contexts (Ezekiel).

polished surface — Use when context refers to gemstone or material sheen.

cut section — Reflects root meaning 'to cut'; suits precise or technical contexts.

reserved precinct — Formal/cultic register; fits temple or sacred-space descriptions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1603 H1508

גִּזְרָה noun feminine cutting, separation — גִּזְרָה Ezek 41:12 + 6 t.; suffix גִּזְרָתָם Lam 4:7 —

1. cutting, i.e. polishing (AV RV or carving, i.e. beauty of from, shape, compare VB) סַפִּיר גִּזְרָתָם Lam 4:7 their polishing, (or beauty of form) was as sapphire.

2. separation, הַגִּזְרָה Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:13; Ezek 41:14; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 42:1; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13, separate place AV RV compare Da; i.e. yard, or space adjoining temple on three sides.

Strong's Definition H1508

place, polishing

gizrâ

the figure or person (as if cut out); also an inclosure (as separated)

a cutting, polishing, separation

cutting, polishing

Variations 3 forms of this word

Translations 4 English renderings

Lamentations 4:6

Read Lamentations 4

Lamentations 4:8