Song of Solomon 5:10

דּוֹדִ֥י צַח֙ וְאָד֔וֹם דָּג֖וּל מֵרְבָבָֽה
My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

דּוֹדִ ֥י
דּוֹדִ
Root word beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
֥י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: דּוֹד · dode

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my beloved
my beloved ×12 is thy beloved ×4 uncle ×4 his uncles ×3 of love ×3 of my beloved ×3 am my beloveds ×2 his uncle ×2
More options
beloved — Best for Song of Songs; intimate, poetic register.
lover — Romantic context; more direct than 'beloved'.
uncle — Use when kinship meaning is clear from context.
dear one — Softer, affectionate alternative to 'beloved'.
love — As a term of endearment or for the abstract quality.

BDB1861 H1730

BDB1860 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1862

דּוֺד noun masculineSong 1:2 beloved, love (plural), uncle (Late Hebrew id., Syriac ; Assyrian dâdu DlHA 19) — absolute דּוֺד Song 5:9 (twice in verse); construct דּוֺד 1Sam 10:14 + 3 t.; דֹּד Lev 10:4; Esth 2:15 suffix דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (but compare below) + 26 t. all Canticles; דֹּדִי Jer 32:8 + 2 t.; דֹּדְךָ Jer 32:7 דּוֺדֵךְ Song 5:9 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; דּוֺדוֺ Amos 6:10; 1Sam 10:16, דֹּדוֺ Lev 20:20 + 4 t.; דּוֺדָהּ Song 8:5 plural דּוֺדִים Song 5:1 דֹּדִים Prov 7:18; Ezek 16:8; Ezek 23:17 plural suffix דֹּדַי Song 7:13 דֹּדֶיךָ Song 1:2; Song 1:4 דֹּדַיִךְ Song 4:10 (twice in verse); דֹּדֵיהֶן Num 36:11 —

1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed) Song 1:13; Song 1:14; Song 1:16; Song 2:3; Song 2:8; Song 2:9; Song 2:10; Song 2:16; Song 2:17; Song 4:16; Song 5:2; Song 5:4; Song 5:5; Song 5:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:8; Song 5:9 (twice in verse); Song 5:10; Song 5:16; Song 6:1 (twice in verse); Song 6:2; Song 6:3 (twice in verse); Song 7:10; Song 7:11; Song 7:12; Song 7:14; Song 8:5; Song 8:14 beloved one, friend, שִׁירַת דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (where Lo Che דודים ׳שׁ love-song, see 3 below)
2. specifically uncle, Lev 10:4 (father's brother, patruus; Syriac = also avunculus) Num 36:11; 1Sam 14:50; 2Kgs 24:17; Lev 20:20; Lev 25:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:14; 1Sam 10:15; 1Sam 10:16; Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15; Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8; Jer 32:9; Jer 32:12 perhaps also 1Chr 27:32 Jonathan, David's דּוֺד so AV RV; = kinsman (?, so St RVm) Amos 6:10.
3. plural abstract love Prov 7:18; Song 1:2; Song 1:4; Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 5:1 (Song 5:1 and elsewhere concrete beloved ones, so AV RV, ᵐ5 ἀδελφυἰ; so עֵת דדים Ezek 16:8 מִשְׁכַּב דדים Ezek 23:17.

beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
dôd
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
  • beloved, love, uncle
    • loved one, beloved
      • "uncle"love (pl. abstract)

צַח֙
צַח֙
Root word clear, dry, plainly, white
Dictionary form: צַח · tsa

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: is white
a dry ×1 is white ×1 like a clear ×1 plainly ×1
More options
clear — Best for sky, light, or transparent contexts.
bright — Vivid, luminous quality; suits poetic imagery.
dazzling white — Emphasizes intense whiteness or brilliance.
parched — Prefer for arid, dry-land or desert contexts.
scorching — Heat-focused; useful for blazing sun passages.
plainly — For speech or clarity of expression contexts.

BDB7029 H6703

BDB7028 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7030

צַח adjective dazzling, glowing, clear; — חֹם צַח Isa 18:4 glowing heat; רוּחַ צַח Jer 4:11 glowing wind; דּוֺדִי צַח וְאָדוֺם Song 5:10 my beloved is dazzling (white) and ruddy (compare Lam 4:7); feminine plural לְדַבֵּר צַחוֺת Isa 32:4 to speak clear (words), clearly.

clear, dry, plainly, white
ṣaḥ
dazzling, i.e., sunny, bright, (figuratively) evident
  • dazzling, glowing, clear, bright

וְ אָד֔וֹם
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אָד֔וֹם
Root word red, ruddy, same
Dictionary form: אָדֹם · aw-DOME

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and ruddy
a red ×1 and ruddy ×1 art thou red ×1 as red ×1 him were there red ×1 red ×1 same ×1 thee a red ×1
More options
red — Most direct equivalent; suits most contexts.
scarlet — Emphasizes vivid, intense redness; good for striking imagery.
crimson — Deep, rich red; suits blood, dye, or dramatic scenes.
ruddy — Describes complexion or skin tone; fitting for persons.
rosy — Softer, warm redness; best for describing a healthy appearance.

BDB114 H122

BDB113 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB115

אָדֹם adjective red — ׳א Isa 63:2; Zech 1:8 + Gen 25:30 (twice in verse), see below; אָדוֺם Song 5:10 feminine אֲדֻמָּה Num 19:2, plural אֲדֻמִּים 2Kgs 3:22 + 2 t.; — ruddy, red, of man Song 5:10 horse Zech 1:8 (twice in verse) (|| שָׂרֹק compare Assyrian DlW 87) Zech 6:2 (|| שָׁחֹר); heifer Num 19:2 water 2Kgs 3:22 (כַּדָּם ׳א); compare as substantive red, redness on garment Isa 63:2 הָאָדֹם = the (red) lentils Gen 25:30 (twice in verse), but read הָאֱדֹם see below; compare also מַעֲלֶה.

red, ruddy, same
ʾādōm
rosy
  • red, ruddy (of man, horse, heifer, garment, water, lentils)

דָּג֖וּל
דָּג֖וּל
Root word banners, chiefest
Dictionary form: דָּגַל · daw-ɡAHL

Verb — Qal, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: the chiefest
as an army with banners ×2 the chiefest ×1 we will set up our banners ×1
More options
march under banners — Best for military or processional contexts with flags.
display a banner — Highlights the act of raising or showing a standard.
rally under a standard — Emphasizes gathering around a flag or cause.
be distinguished — Captures the 'chiefest' sense of standing out or excelling.
fly a flag — Modern idiom; vivid but informal register.
set up a standard — Close to KJV but modernized; suits formal or poetic texts.

BDB1842 H1713

BDB1841 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1843

[דָּגַל] verb look, bahold (Assyrian dagâlu, LotzTP 131; Thes Rob-Ges MV SS De make דָּגוּל a denominative from דֶּגֶל = lifted up like a banner, or furnished with a banner, i.e. exalted, distinguished, AV RV chiefest); — Passive participle דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָה Song 5:10 looked at, conspicuous, according to DlHA 40.

BDB1844 H1713

BDB1843 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1845

[דָּגַל] verb denominative carry, or set up standard, banner —

Qal Imperfect 1 plural נִדְנֹּל Ps 20:6 (Gr Che נָגִיל; Bi נְגַדֵּל, after ᵐ5 ᵑ6; Now נִגְדַּל; possibly נַגְדִּל ?) set up standard in battle, compare DlPr 61. Niph`al Participle feminine plural נִדְגָּלוֺת Song 6:4; Song 6:10 bannered, supplied with standards, participle as substantive, of bannered hosts, compare De.

banners, chiefest
dāgal
to flaunt, i.e., raise a flag; figuratively, to be conspicuous
  • to look, behold
    • (Qal) looked at, conspicuous (participle)
    to carry a banner or standard, set up banner or standard
    • (Qal) to set up standard (in battle)
      • "(Niphal) supplied with banners, bannered

מֵ רְבָבָֽה
מֵ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
רְבָבָֽה
Root word thousands, thousand, many, millions, multiply
Dictionary form: רְבָבָה · reh-baw-BAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: among ten thousand
his ten thousands ×3 among ten thousand ×1 and ten thousand ×1 are the ten thousands ×1 of millions ×1 of ten thousands ×1 or with ten thousands ×1 out of ten thousand ×1
More options
ten thousand — Core numerical meaning; use for precise counts.
myriad — Elevated but modern; conveys vast, uncountable multitude.
tens of thousands — Plural form; suits contexts of armies or crowds.
multitude — Emphasizes mass over exact number; good for poetic texts.
countless number — Highlights innumerability; fits hyperbolic or lyrical passages.
million — Modern large-number equivalent; use cautiously for idiomatic effect.

BDB7695 H7233

BDB7694 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7696

רְבָבָה noun feminine multitude, myriad, ten thousand (Köii.1.221); — absolute ׳ר Gen 24:60 +; suffix רִבְבָתוֺ Kt 1Sam 18:7 2 t. (Qr רִבְבֹתָיו); plural absolute רְבָבוֺת 1Sam 18:8 construct ִ˜רבְבוֺת Mic 6:7 +, ִ˜רבֲבוֺת Deut 33:17 suffixsee above Qr; — myriad 10,000: of great number of person, indefinite Gen 24:60 (J; אַלְפֵי רְבָבָה thousands of myriads), Deut 33:2(poem; מֵרִבְבוֺת קֹרֶשׁ, but see קֹרֶשׁ, near the end). Ps 3:7 ct Ps 5:10 ׳ִ˜רבְבוֺת אַלְפֵי תִשׂ Num 10:36, compare Deut 33:17 (poem); — רְבָבָה Ezek 16:7 read רְבִי ᵐ5 Co Berthol Krae; — more precisely(100, 1000), 10,000, Judg 20:10 opposed to 2, Deut 32:30 (poem), opposed to 100, Lev 26:8 (H), opposed to 1000, 1Sam 18:7; 1Sam 18:8; 1Sam 21:12; 1Sam 29:5; Ps 91:7 so of things, Mic 6:7.

thousands, thousand, many, millions, multiply
rĕbābâ
abundance (in number), i.e., (specifically) a myriad (whether definite or indefinite)
  • multitude, myriad, ten thousand

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
דּוֹדִ֥י צַח֙ Pashta — a lesser break וְאָד֔וֹם Zaqef Qatan — a strong break דָּג֖וּל Tipeha — a lesser break מֵרְבָבָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

דּוֹדִי צַח וְאָדוֹם דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָֽה׃
10
My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand.
Cross References

Psalms 45:2

יָפְיָפִיתָ מִבְּנֵי אָדָם הוּצַק חֵן בְּשְׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ עַל-כֵּן בֵּֽרַכְךָ אֱלֹהִים לְעוֹלָֽם׃
2
Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever.

Psalms 45:17

אַזְכִּירָה שִׁמְךָ בְּכָל-דֹּר וָדֹר עַל-כֵּן עַמִּים יְהוֹדוּךָ לְעֹלָם וָעֶֽד׃
17
I will make thy name to be remembered in all generations: therefore shall the people praise thee for ever and ever.

Song of Solomon 2:1

אֲנִי חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשָּׁרוֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִֽים׃
1
I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys.

Philippians 2:9

διὸ καὶ ὁ θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσεν καὶ ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
9
Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:

Hebrews 7:26

Τοιοῦτος γὰρ ἡμῖν ἔπρεπεν ἀρχιερεύς ὅσιος ἄκακος ἀμίαντος κεχωρισμένος ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ ὑψηλότερος τῶν οὐρανῶν γενόμενος
26
For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

Colossians 1:18

καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ σώματος τῆς ἐκκλησίας· ὅς ἐστιν ἀρχή πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν ἵνα γένηται ἐν πᾶσιν αὐτὸς πρωτεύων
18
And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.

Deuteronomy 32:31

כִּי לֹא כְצוּרֵנוּ צוּרָם וְאֹֽיְבֵינוּ פְּלִילִֽים׃
31
For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges.

1 Samuel 16:12

וַיִּשְׁלַח וַיְבִיאֵהוּ וְהוּא אַדְמוֹנִי עִם-יְפֵה עֵינַיִם וְטוֹב רֹאִי וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה קוּם מְשָׁחֵהוּ כִּי-זֶה הֽוּא׃
12
And he sent, and brought in. him Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he.

Hebrews 2:10

Ἔπρεπεν γὰρ αὐτῷ δι' ὃν τὰ πάντα καὶ δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν διὰ παθημάτων τελειῶσαι
10
For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

Romans 9:5

ὧν οἱ πατέρες καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα· ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ἀμήν
5
Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

Isaiah 66:19

וְשַׂמְתִּי בָהֶם אוֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי מֵהֶם׀ פְּלֵיטִים אֶֽל-הַגּוֹיִם תַּרְשִׁישׁ פּוּל וְלוּד מֹשְׁכֵי קֶשֶׁת תֻּבַל וְיָוָן הָאִיִּים הָרְחֹקִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא-שָׁמְעוּ אֶת-שִׁמְעִי וְלֹא-רָאוּ אֶת-כְּבוֹדִי וְהִגִּידוּ אֶת-כְּבוֹדִי בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃
19
And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles.

Isaiah 59:19

וְיִֽירְאוּ מִֽמַּעֲרָב אֶת-שֵׁם יְהוָה וּמִמִּזְרַח-שֶׁמֶשׁ אֶת-כְּבוֹדוֹ כִּֽי-יָבוֹא כַנָּהָר צָר רוּחַ יְהוָה נֹסְסָה בֽוֹ׃
19
So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him.

Isaiah 10:18

וּכְבוֹד יַעְרוֹ וְכַרְמִלּוֹ מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד-בָּשָׂר יְכַלֶּה וְהָיָה כִּמְסֹס נֹסֵֽס׃
18
And shall consume the glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field, both soul and body: and they shall be as when a standardbearer fainteth.
Song of Solomon 5:9
Read Song of Solomon 5
Song of Solomon 5:11