Song of Solomon 5:9

מַה דּוֹדֵ֣ךְ מִדּ֔וֹד הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים מַה דּוֹדֵ֣ךְ מִדּ֔וֹד שֶׁכָּ֖כָה הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ
What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us?
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

מַה
מַה
Particle turns the sentence into a question
Dictionary form: מָה · maw

Particle — Interrogative

In the KJV here: what
what ×268 why ×81 wherefore ×64 how ×44 and what ×35 wherein ×12 and why ×10 him what ×9
More options
what — Default interrogative; fits most direct questions.
why — Use when context implies reason or motive.
how — Use when manner or degree is in view.
for what reason — Formal alternative to 'why'; clarifies rhetorical force.
wherein — Replaces archaic form; for 'in what respect'.
whatever — Use for indefinite or relative pronoun contexts.

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BDB4520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4522

מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.

מִדֵּי see דַּי.

מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.

מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.

מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.

מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.

מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.

[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.

מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.

[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.

[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.

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BDB4521 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4523

מָה, rarely מָהֿ (e.g. Gen 31:43; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1), מַהֿ, מַהּ , מֶה, מַּ  ( Exod 4:2; Isa 3:15; Mal 1:13; 1Chr 15:13; 2Chr 30:3), מָ (only in מָהֵם Ezek 8:6 Kt., Qr. מָה הֵם) — on the distinction in the use of these forms, see Ges«GKC:37»§ 37 —

pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? how? aught; used of things, as מִי of persons (Aramaic , מָא, Arabic ; probably apocope from a longer form with n or nt, Assyrian minû (DlHWB 417 f.), Ethiopic ment; compare WCG 123 ff. K?:ii. 368): —
1. interrogative what ?
  a. in a direct question, before either verbs or nouns Gen 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done ? Gen 15:2 מהתֿתןלֿי what wilt thou give me ? Exod 3:13 מַהשְּֿׁמוֺ, Exod 12:26; Exod 13:14 and so very often: מַההִֿיא Zech 5:6 מה אלה Zech 1:9 מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה Jer 1:11; Amos 7:8 +; Jl Amos 4:14 מה אתם לי; Judg 18:8 מה אתם see Commentaries, vJudg 18:24 מה לי עוד what have I still ? Isa 21:11 מהמֿלילה what (= how much) of the night (is past) ? = as what ? (qualem ?) Hag 2:3 (compare מִי Amos 7:2); to express surprise, Job 9:12 who shall say to him, מה תעשׂה what doest thou ? Job 22:13; Eccl 8:4; Isa 45:9; Isa 45:10 followed by כִּי, Gen 20:10 מה ראית כי עשׂית what hadst thou in view, that thou hast done, etc.? Gen 31:36; Exod 16:7 וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי and what are we, that . . .? Exod 32:21; Num 22:28; Hab 2:18, etc. Note in particular —
   (a) מָה is followed sometimes by a substantive in apposition (against Arabic usage, which does not permit this: WAG. ii. § 170), so that it becomes virtually an adjective: מַהבֶּֿצַע what profit . . .? Gen 37:26; Ps 30:10; Mal 3:14; Isa 40:8 מַהדְּֿמוּת, Mal 1:13; Ps 89:48 זְכָראֲֿנִי מֶה חָ֑לֶד (inverted for חֶלֶד אָ֑נִי מַה) remember (of) what (short) duration I am, Eccl 1:3; Eccl 5:10; Eccl 5:15; Eccl 6:8; Eccl 6:11 (Da§ 8, R. 2 K?:iii. 23 f.); as exclamation, Ps 89:48b Job 26:14. And with the substantive idiomatically at the end (in Arabic preceded then by : WAG. ii. § 49. 7), 1Sam 26:18 ומַהבֿידי רעה and what is there in my hand, evil ? 1Sam 20:10 (see 3), 2Sam 19:29; 2Sam 24:13; 2Sam 1:16; מהמֿצאו אבותיכם בי עָוֶל, Eccl 11:2; Esth 6:3.
   (b) מַהזֶּֿה what now ? 1Sam 10:11, contracted מַזֶּה Exod 4:2 (זֶה 4 c); Gen 3:13 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ; Gen 12:18; Gen 29:25 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָה לִּי; similarly Gen 26:10; Gen 42:28 +, either what, now, hast thou done ? or what is this that thou hast done ? (see זֶה 4 d).
   (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee ? i.e. what aileth thee ? or what dost thou want ? Gen 21:17 מַהלָּֿךְ הָגָר; Josh 15:18; 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 1:16; 2Kgs 6:28; Ezek 18:2 (accents); followed by כִּי, Judg 18:23 מהלֿך כי נזעקת, Gen 20:9 (compare 1Sam 11:5 לעם כי יבכו מה), Isa 22:1 מַהלָּֿךְ כִּי עָלִיתְ (compare τί παθὼν, τοῦτο ποιεῖς;), Ps 114:5 without כִּי Isa 3:15 (compare Qor 57:8; 57:10); with a participle, Jonah 1:6 what is it to thee as a sleeper ? (accusative: Da§ 70 a cites Qor 74:50), Ezek 18:2 (if אתם be treated as strengthening לכם).
   (d) פֹה (לִי) מַהלְּֿךָ = what hast thou (have I) here ? Judg 18:3; 1Kgs 19:9; Isa 22:16; Isa 52:5.
   (e) in the genitive, Jer 8:9 וְחָכְמַתמֶֿה לָהֶם, and wisdom of what (= what kind of wisdom) is theirs ? Num 23:3 (see below 3).
  b. often in an indirect question, as after ראה, Gen 2:19 to see מהיֿקראלֿו what he would call it, Gen 37:20 וְנִרְאֶה מהיֿהיו חלֹמֹתיו to what his dreams will come, Num 13:19f.; Hab 2:1 הִכִּיר Gen 31:32 ידע Gen 39:8; Exod 2:4 לדעת מהיֵּֿעָשֶׂה לו, Exod 16:15; Exod 32:1; Job 34:4 שׁמע Num 9:8 ׳וְאשׁמעה מהיֿצוה י (compare Ps 85:9), 2Sam 17:5 פֹּרַשׁ Num 15:34 שׁאל 1Kgs 3:5; 2Kgs 2:9 הֵבִין Job 6:24; Job 23:5: Num 13:18 מה היא וראיתם את הארץ, Ps 39:5; Isa 41:22 הראשׁנות מָה הֵנָּה הַגִּידוּ. — In some such cases it approximates in meaning to the simple rel., as Jer 7:17; Jer 33:24; Mic 6:5; Mic 6:8; Job 34:33.
  c. = of what kind ? (German was für ein ... ?), with an insinuation of blame, or reproach, or contempt: Gen 37:10 מה החלום הזה what is this dream which thou hast dreamt? Gen 44:15; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1; Judg 15:11; Judg 20:12; 1Sam 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה, 1Kgs 9:13 מה העדים האלה אשׁר נתתה לי, 2Kgs 9:22; 2Kgs 18:19.
  d. מה is often used in questions to which the answer little, or nothing, is expected, and it thus becomes equivalent to a rhetorical negative (compare הֲ b, מִי f c):
   (a) Gen 23:15 land worth 400 shekels..., מה היא what is it ? (i.e. it is something quite insignificant), Gen 27:37; Judg 8:3 עשׂות ככם ומהיֿכלתי, Judg 14:18; Hos 9:5; Hos 10:3; Ps 30:10; Ps 56:5; Job 15:9; Job 16:6; Job 21:21; Job 22:13; Job 22:17; Lam 2:13; Song 5:9 מַהאדּוֺדֵךְ מִדּוֺד what is thy beloved (more) than a(nother) beloved ? || לא, 1Kgs 12:16 מַהלָּֿנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוֺד וְלֹאנַֿחֲלָה בְּבֶן יִשַׁי (2Sam 20:1 ׳אֵיןלָֿנוּ חֵלֶק וג), Job 16:6.
   (b) followed by כִּי (כִּי 1 f), Gen 20:9; Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit (is it) that we should slay him ? Exod 16:7; Num 16:11; Hab 2:18; 2Kgs 8:13 what is thy servant, the dog, that he should do, etc.? and often in poetry, as Ps 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him ? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, vJob 6:11 b Job 7:17; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 + (compare ׳מִ f b). Hence,
   (c) in the formula of repudiation, or emphatic denial, (וְלָכֶם) מַהלִּֿי וָלָךְ what is there (common) to me and to thee ? i.e. what have I to do with thee ? Judg 11:12; 2Sam 16:10 מה לי ולכם, 2Sam 19:23; 1Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 3:13; 2Chr 35:21 compare Josh 22:24; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 rather differently, without וְ, Jer 2:18 ׳מה לך לדרך מ what is there to thee with reference to the way to Egypt ? Hos 14:9 מַהאלּוֺ לַעֲצַבִּים, compare Ps 50:16 (לְסַפֵּר); with את, Jer 23:28 מַהלַֿתֶּבֶן אֶתהַֿבָּר beside (or in comparison with) the wheat ? compare τί ἐμοὶ(ἡμῖν)καὶ σοί; Matt 8:29; Mark 5:7; John 2:4 and Arabic
  e. = whatsoever (compare מִי g):
   (a) Judg 9:48 ראיתם עשׂיתי מהרו עשׂו כמוני מה אתם, literally what do you see (that) I have done ? hasten, and do like me (= whatever ye see, etc.), 2Sam 21:4 אעשׂה לכם מה אתם אמרים, Job 6:24 with the apodosis introduced by וְ, 1Sam 20:4 מה תאמר נפשׁך ואעשׂה לך; Esth 5:3 בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ ֗֗֗ וְיִנָּתֵן לָךְ מַהֿ, vEsth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 hence in the late and strange idiom of Chronicles, it sinks twice almost to the rel. what, 1Chr 15:13 כי לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה לא אתם because ye were not (employed) for what was at first (on the former occasion), J. etc., 2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי according to what was sufficient (= in sufficient numbers), compare Esth 9:26.
   (b) -מַהשֶּֿׁ (late: frequently in Mishna, etc.), whatever, what (compare מִי אֲשֶׁר, מִי
  g. end): Eccl 1:9 מַהשֶּֿׁהָיָה הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה, literally what is that which hath been ? it is that which shall be (= whatever hath been, it is that which shall be), vEccl 1:9; Eccl 3:15; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 6:10; Eccl 7:24; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14.
2. Used adverbially:
  a. as an interrogative:
   (a) how ? especially in expressing what is regarded as an impossibility, Gen 44:16 מַהנִּֿצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves ? Num 23:8 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:27 מַהיּֿשִׁעֵנוּ זֶה, 2Kgs 4:43; Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (twice in verse); Job 31:1 I made a covenant with my eyes, ׳וּמָה אֶתְבּוֺנֵן עַל ב and how should I look upon a maid ? (ᵐ5 οὐ, ᵑ9 non), Prov 20:24 דַּרְכּוֺ וְאָדָם מַהיָּֿבִין; in an indirect question, Exod 10:26; Ps 39:5 ֵ˜אדְעָה מֶהחָֿדֵל אָ֑נִי; מַהזֶּֿה, how, now ? (in surprise), Gen 27:20 מַהזֶּֿה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצאֹ בְּנִי, Judg 18:24; 1Kgs 21:5; 2Kgs 1:5.
   (b) why ? Exod 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק, Exod 17:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:33; 2Kgs 7:3; Ps 42:6 מַהתִּֿשְׁתּוֺחֲחִי עלי, Job 15:12 +; Song 8:4 I adjure you מַהתָּֿעִירוּ וּמַהתְּֿעוֺרֲרוּ, why will ye stir up, etc.? (i.e. do not: || אִם Song 2:7; Song 3:5). — The transition from the interrogative to the negative, to which in Hebrew there is an approximate (see above: especially 1Kgs 12:16; Job 31:1; Song 8:4), is in Arabic complete, being there used constantly in the sense of not (compare WalkerHebraica. xii. 244 ff.; Köiii, 478).
  b. as an exclamation, how ...! with adjectives and verbs, Gen 28:17 מַהנּֿוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place! Gen 38:29; Num 24:5 מַהטֹּֿבוּ אֹהָלֶיךָ, Isa 52:7; Ps 3:2 מה רבו, Ps 8:2 מה אדיר, Ps 21:2; Ps 36:8, etc., Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 7:2 ironically, 2Sam 6:20; Jer 2:33; Jer 2:36; Job 26:2; Job 26:3.
3. indefinite pronoun anything, aught, Num 23:3 וּדְבַרמַֿהיַּֿרְאֵנִי וְהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ and he will shew me the matter of aught, and I will tell thee (= if he shew me... I will, etc., Dr§ 149), 1Sam 19:3 וְרָאִיתִי מָה וִהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ = and if I see aught, I will, etc., 1Sam 20:10 אוֺ מַהיַּֿעַנִךָ אָבִיךָ קָשָׁה if perchance thy father shall answer thee aught that is harsh (order, 1 a a), 2Sam 18:22 וִיהִימָֿה אָרוּצָהנָּֿא but let there happen what may (literally aught), I will run, v2Sam 18:23 (compare Job 13:13 וְיַעֲבֹר עָלַי מָה), vJob 13:29 וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מָה (compare Prov 9:13), Prov 25:8. compare Köiii. § 65.
4. With prepositions:
  a. בַּמָּה9, בַּמֶּה19 wherein ? Exod 22:26; Judg 16:5; 1Sam 14:38 (indirect question; We בְּמִי); and so according to the various senses of בְּ: whereby ? Gen 15:8; Exod 33:16; Mal 1:2; Mal 1:6; Mal 1:7; Mal 2:17; Mal 3:7-8 wherewith ? 1Sam 6:2; 2Sam 21:3; Mic 6:6 by what means ? Judg 16:5 וּבַמֶּה נוּכַל לוֺ; at what (worth) ? Isa 2:22 for what ? 2Chr 7:21 (|| 1Kgs 9:8 עלמֿה).
  b. יַעַן מֶה Hag 1:9 because of what ?
  c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה, properly the like of what ? (Arabic , Syriac ); hence
   (a) how much ? how many ? ׳כַּמָּה יְמֵי וגו Gen 47:8; 2Sam 19:35; Ps 119:84; Job 13:23 עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1Kgs 22:16 (= 2Chr 18:15); כַּמָּה how often ? Job 21:17 (i.e. how seldom !); in an indirect question, how much ? Zech 2:6 (twice in verse). As an exclamation, Zech 7:3 as I have done זֶה כַמֶּה שָׁנִים now (זֶה 4 i), how many years ! Ps 78:40 כַּמָּה how often !
   (b) for how long ? Ps 35:17 כמה תראה, Job 7:19.
  d. לָ֫מָּה, לָמָ֫ה (לָמָ֫ה mostly before the gutturals א, ה, ע and ׳י [i.e. אֲדֹנָי], but twice besides, Ps 42:10; Ps 43:2 לָ֫מָּה also occurs before guttural, in five places noted by Masoretes on Ps 43:2, namely 1Sam 28:15; 2Sam 2:22; 2Sam 14:31; Ps 49:6; Jer 15:18, and before ךְ Gen 4:6; 2Sam 14:13; 2Sam 24:3; Eccl 2:15), לָ֫מָה Job 7:20, לָ֫מֶה 1Sam 1:8 (3 t. in verse), for what reason ? why? Gen 4:6 למה חרה לך why art thou angry ? Gen 24:31, etc.; often strengthened by זֶה (זֶה 4 e), Gen 18:13; Gen 32:30 (= Judg 13:18) למה זה תשׁאל לשׁמי, Judg 33:15; Exod 2:20; Exod 5:22; Exod 17:3, etc., Jer 6:20; Jer 20:18 +; Gen 25:22 זה אנכי אם כן למהֿ if so, why, then, am I ? (why do I continue to live ?); = to what purpose (followed by לִ person), Gen 27:46 למה לי חיים, Isa 1:11; Jer 6:20; Amos 5:18 למה זה ׳לכם יום י, Job 30:2 in an indirect question, 1Sam 6:3; Dan 10:20. Note especially
   (a) in expostulations, Gen 12:18 למה לא הגדת לי why didst thou not tell me, etc. ? vGen 12:19; Gen 29:25; Gen 31:27; Gen 42:1; Gen 43:6; 1Sam 21:15; 1Sam 22:13; 1Sam 24:10; Ps 22:2; Ps 44:24; Ps 44:25; Ps 74:1; Ps 74:11 + often;
   (b) with an imperfect, often deprecating, or introducing rhetorically, the reason why something should, or should not, be done, why should . . .? 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 19:17; 1Sam 20:8 but to thy father (emphatic) למה זה תביאני, why shouldst thou bring me ? 1Sam 20:32 מה עשׂה למה יומת why should he be put to death ? 2Sam 13:26; 2Sam 16:9; 2Sam 20:19; 2Kgs 14:10, etc.: in such cases, it approximates in meaning to lest (compare Phoenician CISi. 2, 21 יסגרינם אלנם לָםָ ne tradant eos dii), and is in ᵐ5 often rendered by μήποτε, as Gen 27:45 למה אשׁכל why should I be bereaved, etc. ? Exod 32:12 יאמרו מצרים למה Neh 6:3; Ps 79:10; Ps 115:2; Eccl 7:16, μή, Jer 40:15, ἵνα μή, Gen 47:19; 2Sam 2:22; 2Chr 25:16; Eccl 5:5; Eccl 7:17, or ὅπως μή, Joel 2:17 (in 1Sam 19:17; 2Sam 13:26, paraph. by εἰ μή); and, connected with the foregoing sentence by אשׁר, or שֶׁ, in late, or dialect., Hebrew it actually has that meaning, Dan 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה יִרְאֶה lest he see, Song 1:7 שַׁלָּמָ֫ה אֶהְיֶה lest I become (so in Aramaic לְמָה דִּי Ezra 7:23, דִּילְמָא ᵑ7, Syriac , both regularly = lest).
  e. עַדמָֿה (Ps 4:3 עַדמֶֿה) until when ? how long ? Num 24:22 (aposiop.), Ps 4:3; Ps 79:5; Ps 89:47 in indirect question, Ps 74:9 (compare עד אנה, עד מתי). feminine עַלמָֿה, and עַלמֶֿה, upon what ? Job 38:6; 2Chr 32:10 upon what ground ? wherefore ? Num 22:32 עַלמָֿה הִכִּיתָ אֶתאֲֿתֹנְךָ, Deut 29:23 (compare 1Kgs 9:8; Jer 22:8), Isa 1:5; Jer 8:14; Jer 9:11; Jer 16:10; Ezek 21:12; Ps 10:13; Job 13:14 (probably dittograph from vJob 13:13); עלמֿהזֿה Neh 2:4. In an indirect question, Job 10:2 הוֺדִיעֻנִי עַל מַהתְּֿרִיבֻנִי, Esth 4:5 לָדַעַת מַהזֶּֿה וְעַלמַֿהוֶּֿה.

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB9652 H3964 H4101 H4100

BDB9651 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9653

מָה (מָא Ezra 6:8) pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? (Biblical Hebrew מָה; Nabataean מה; Zinjirli מ; ᵑ7 מא; Syriac ; Arabic : compare WCG 124 f.); —

1. what ? Dan 4:32 מה עבדת.
2. whatever, what (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 b end) Dan 2:22 ידע מח בחשׁוכא knoweth what is in darkness, Ezra 6:9: so מָה דִּי (compare דִּי 1 b: so Nabataean; Palmyrene מא די, מדי, Lzb306 Cooke320, 332) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45; Ezra 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to what ye shall do, Ezra 7:18 (= whatsoever).
3. with prefixes:
  a. כְּמָה how! Dan 3:33 (twice in verse).
  b. לְמָה why? (compare Biblical Hebrew לָמָּה) Ezra 4:22 be not slack herein: why should damage grow, etc., virtually = lest damage grow (ᵐ5 μή ποτε), Ezra 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath ? = lest [ᵐ5 μή ποτε] there be wrath (compare ᵑ7 דִּילְמָא, Syriac lest: and see מָה 4 d b, p. 554:a).
  c. עלמֿה wherefore? Dan 2:15.

what, why, wherefore, how, wherein, …
mâ
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
  • (interr pron) what, how, of what kind
    • (interrogative)
      • what?
        • "of what kind"what? (rhetorical)"whatsoever, whatever, what
      (adverb)
      • how, how now
        • "why"how! (exclamation)
      (with prep)
      • wherein?, whereby?, wherewith?, by what means?
        • "because of what?"the like of what?
        • how much?, how many?, how often?
          • "for how long?
        for what reason?, why?, to what purpose?"until when?, how long?, upon what?, wherefore? indef pron
    anything, aught, what may

דּוֹדֵ ֣ךְ
דּוֹדֵ
Root word beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
֣ךְ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one woman)
Dictionary form: דּוֹד · dode

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: is thy beloved
my beloved ×12 is thy beloved ×4 uncle ×4 his uncles ×3 of love ×3 of my beloved ×3 am my beloveds ×2 his uncle ×2
More options
beloved — Best for Song of Songs; intimate, poetic register.
lover — Romantic context; more direct than 'beloved'.
uncle — Use when kinship meaning is clear from context.
dear one — Softer, affectionate alternative to 'beloved'.
love — As a term of endearment or for the abstract quality.

BDB1861 H1730

BDB1860 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1862

דּוֺד noun masculineSong 1:2 beloved, love (plural), uncle (Late Hebrew id., Syriac ; Assyrian dâdu DlHA 19) — absolute דּוֺד Song 5:9 (twice in verse); construct דּוֺד 1Sam 10:14 + 3 t.; דֹּד Lev 10:4; Esth 2:15 suffix דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (but compare below) + 26 t. all Canticles; דֹּדִי Jer 32:8 + 2 t.; דֹּדְךָ Jer 32:7 דּוֺדֵךְ Song 5:9 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; דּוֺדוֺ Amos 6:10; 1Sam 10:16, דֹּדוֺ Lev 20:20 + 4 t.; דּוֺדָהּ Song 8:5 plural דּוֺדִים Song 5:1 דֹּדִים Prov 7:18; Ezek 16:8; Ezek 23:17 plural suffix דֹּדַי Song 7:13 דֹּדֶיךָ Song 1:2; Song 1:4 דֹּדַיִךְ Song 4:10 (twice in verse); דֹּדֵיהֶן Num 36:11 —

1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed) Song 1:13; Song 1:14; Song 1:16; Song 2:3; Song 2:8; Song 2:9; Song 2:10; Song 2:16; Song 2:17; Song 4:16; Song 5:2; Song 5:4; Song 5:5; Song 5:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:8; Song 5:9 (twice in verse); Song 5:10; Song 5:16; Song 6:1 (twice in verse); Song 6:2; Song 6:3 (twice in verse); Song 7:10; Song 7:11; Song 7:12; Song 7:14; Song 8:5; Song 8:14 beloved one, friend, שִׁירַת דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (where Lo Che דודים ׳שׁ love-song, see 3 below)
2. specifically uncle, Lev 10:4 (father's brother, patruus; Syriac = also avunculus) Num 36:11; 1Sam 14:50; 2Kgs 24:17; Lev 20:20; Lev 25:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:14; 1Sam 10:15; 1Sam 10:16; Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15; Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8; Jer 32:9; Jer 32:12 perhaps also 1Chr 27:32 Jonathan, David's דּוֺד so AV RV; = kinsman (?, so St RVm) Amos 6:10.
3. plural abstract love Prov 7:18; Song 1:2; Song 1:4; Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 5:1 (Song 5:1 and elsewhere concrete beloved ones, so AV RV, ᵐ5 ἀδελφυἰ; so עֵת דדים Ezek 16:8 מִשְׁכַּב דדים Ezek 23:17.

beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
dôd
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
  • beloved, love, uncle
    • loved one, beloved
      • "uncle"love (pl. abstract)

מִ דּ֔וֹד
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
דּ֔וֹד
Root word beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
Dictionary form: דּוֹד · dode

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: more than another beloved
my beloved ×12 is thy beloved ×4 uncle ×4 his uncles ×3 of love ×3 of my beloved ×3 am my beloveds ×2 his uncle ×2
More options
beloved — Best for Song of Songs; intimate, poetic register.
lover — Romantic context; more direct than 'beloved'.
uncle — Use when kinship meaning is clear from context.
dear one — Softer, affectionate alternative to 'beloved'.
love — As a term of endearment or for the abstract quality.

BDB1861 H1730

BDB1860 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1862

דּוֺד noun masculineSong 1:2 beloved, love (plural), uncle (Late Hebrew id., Syriac ; Assyrian dâdu DlHA 19) — absolute דּוֺד Song 5:9 (twice in verse); construct דּוֺד 1Sam 10:14 + 3 t.; דֹּד Lev 10:4; Esth 2:15 suffix דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (but compare below) + 26 t. all Canticles; דֹּדִי Jer 32:8 + 2 t.; דֹּדְךָ Jer 32:7 דּוֺדֵךְ Song 5:9 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; דּוֺדוֺ Amos 6:10; 1Sam 10:16, דֹּדוֺ Lev 20:20 + 4 t.; דּוֺדָהּ Song 8:5 plural דּוֺדִים Song 5:1 דֹּדִים Prov 7:18; Ezek 16:8; Ezek 23:17 plural suffix דֹּדַי Song 7:13 דֹּדֶיךָ Song 1:2; Song 1:4 דֹּדַיִךְ Song 4:10 (twice in verse); דֹּדֵיהֶן Num 36:11 —

1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed) Song 1:13; Song 1:14; Song 1:16; Song 2:3; Song 2:8; Song 2:9; Song 2:10; Song 2:16; Song 2:17; Song 4:16; Song 5:2; Song 5:4; Song 5:5; Song 5:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:8; Song 5:9 (twice in verse); Song 5:10; Song 5:16; Song 6:1 (twice in verse); Song 6:2; Song 6:3 (twice in verse); Song 7:10; Song 7:11; Song 7:12; Song 7:14; Song 8:5; Song 8:14 beloved one, friend, שִׁירַת דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (where Lo Che דודים ׳שׁ love-song, see 3 below)
2. specifically uncle, Lev 10:4 (father's brother, patruus; Syriac = also avunculus) Num 36:11; 1Sam 14:50; 2Kgs 24:17; Lev 20:20; Lev 25:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:14; 1Sam 10:15; 1Sam 10:16; Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15; Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8; Jer 32:9; Jer 32:12 perhaps also 1Chr 27:32 Jonathan, David's דּוֺד so AV RV; = kinsman (?, so St RVm) Amos 6:10.
3. plural abstract love Prov 7:18; Song 1:2; Song 1:4; Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 5:1 (Song 5:1 and elsewhere concrete beloved ones, so AV RV, ᵐ5 ἀδελφυἰ; so עֵת דדים Ezek 16:8 מִשְׁכַּב דדים Ezek 23:17.

beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
dôd
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
  • beloved, love, uncle
    • loved one, beloved
      • "uncle"love (pl. abstract)

הַ יָּפָ֖ה
הַ
Prefix — article the
יָּפָ֖ה
Root word fair, beautiful, well, fairest, one, …
Dictionary form: יָפֶה · yaw-PEH

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: o thou fairest
fair ×5 thou art fair ×5 o thou fairest ×3 and well ×2 beautiful ×2 my fair one ×2 well ×2 a fair ×1
More options
beautiful — Most natural, broadly applicable modern default.
lovely — Warmer, more personal tone; suits poetic or relational contexts.
attractive — Neutral, general-purpose; works for persons or things.
good-looking — Informal register; best for narrative prose about people.
handsome — Preferred when describing males specifically.
stunning — Emphatic, high register; suits superlative or poetic passages.

BDB3648 H3303

BDB3647 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3649

יָפֶה adjective fair, beautiful; — masculine absolute יָפֶה 2Sam 14:25 + 4 t.; construct יְפֵה Gen 39:6 (twice in verse) + 6 t.; feminine יָפָה Gen 12:14 + 14 t.; construct יְפַת; Gen 2:11+ 6 t.; suffix יָפָתִי Song 2:10; Song 2:13 plural יָפוֺת Job 42:15; Amos 8:13 construct יְפוֺת Gen 41:2 יְפֹת vGen 41:4 vGen 41:18 — fair, beautiful, as attribute of woman 2Sam 13:1; 1Kgs 1:3; Amos 8:13; Prov 11:22 compare Job 42:15; Song 6:10 (כלבנה ׳י); predicate Gen 12:14; 1Kgs 1:4; Song 1:15 (twice in verse); Song 4:1 (twice in verse); Song 4:17; Song 6:4 = substantive fair one Song 1:8; Song 2:10; Song 2:13; Song 5:9; Song 6:1 often construct יְפַתֿ מַרְאֶה Gen 12:11; Gen 29:17; 2Sam 14:27 יְפַתתֹּֿאַר Gen 29:17; 1Sam 25:3; Deut 21:11; Esth 2:7: of kine יְפוֺתמַֿרְאֶה Gen 41:2, compare vGen 41:4 יְפוֺתתֹּֿאַר vGen 41:18 less often of boy, young man אִישׁ יָפֶה 2Sam 14:25 predicate Song 1:16 יְפֵה תֹאַר Gen 39:6 וִיפֵה מַרְאֶה vGen 39:6 (of Joseph); of Jerusalem יְפֵה נוֺף Ps 48:3 of a singer יְפֵה קוֺל Ezek 33:32 of trees: olive יְפֵה פְרִיתֹֿאַר Jer 11:16 cedar (figurative of Egypt) יְפֵה עָנָף Ezek 31:3, compare vEzek 31:9 יָפֶה of everything in its time Eccl 3:11 of various Acts 5:17. — In יְפֵה עֵינַיִם עִם 1Sam 16:12, עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה 1Sam 17:42, either יפה = substantive abstract with beauty of eyes, or עִם is textual error (Gr KrenkelZAW, 1882, 309 Bu עֶלֶם youth), see Dr.

fair, beautiful, well, fairest, one, …
yāpe
beautiful (literally or figuratively)
  • fair, beautiful, handsome

בַּ נָּשִׁ֑ים
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
נָּשִׁ֑ים
Root word wife, woman, wives, women, one, …
Dictionary form: אִשָּׁה · ish-SHAW

בַּ
Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: among women
wife ×73 woman ×55 his wife ×53 the woman ×44 wives ×40 to wife ×35 a woman ×29 the women ×28
More options
woman — Broadest rendering; prefer when no marital relationship implied.
wife — Use when a specific marital bond is in view.
female — Emphasizes sex/gender contrast; good in legal or biological contexts.
women — Plural contexts; collective or group references.
each one — Distributive idiom; use in 'each woman/one' constructions.
bride — Nuanced option for betrothal or covenant-entry passages.

BDB612 H802

BDB611 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB613

אִשָּׁה775 noun feminine woman, wife, female (Arabic , Sabean אנתֿת etc. DHMZK 1884, 360, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, , Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא, Ethiopic Phoenician אשת, Assyrian aššatu COTGloss) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:33 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Gen 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deut 21:11; 1Sam 28:7; Ps 58:9 but compare Bö§ 728 Ges«GKC:130»§ 130. 5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Gen 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gen 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Ps 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשֹּׁת Ezek 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gen 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Gen 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Gen 30:26; 1Kgs 20:7 נְשֵׁיכֶם Exod 22:23 +, etc.; —

1. woman Gen 3:1; Gen 3:2; Gen 12:11 +; opposed to man Gen 2:22; Gen 2:23; Exod 35:29; Exod 36:6; Deut 7:2; Deut 7:5; Deut 22:22; 1Sam 21:5 +; ׳א emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Eccl 7:28 (|| אדם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jer 50:37; Jer 51:30 note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Num 31:18 (P); as conceiving Exod 2:2; Lev 12:2; 2Sam 11:5 +; travailing Jer 13:21 bearing children Judg 13:24; 1Kgs 3:18 compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isa 49:15 אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 דֶּרֶח נָשִׁים Gen 31:35 with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת׳א nursing woman, nurse Exod 2:7 זוֺנָה ׳א harlot Josh 2:1; Josh 6:22; Judg 11:1; Judg 16:1; 1Kgs 3:16; Prov 6:26; Jer 3:3; Ezek 16:30; Ezek 23:44 so זָרָה ׳א Prov 2:16; Prov 7:5 compare also Ezek 23:44 above; מְנָאָ֑פֶת ׳א adulteress Prov 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Prov 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hos 1:2 נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת foreign women 1Kgs 11:1; 1Kgs 11:8; Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:11; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Ezra 10:44; Neh 13:26; Neh 13:27 (compare vNeh 13:23); חֲכָמָה ׳א wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2Sam 14:2; 2Sam 20:16, etc.; also פִּילֶגֶשׁ ׳א concubine Judg 19:1; Judg 19:27: אַלְמָנָה ׳א widow 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 11:26; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 17:10 נְבִיאָה ׳א prophetess Judg 4:4 also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע Prov 6:24 בְּסִילוּת ׳א Prov 9:13 חֵן ׳א Prov 11:16 חַיִל ׳א Prov 12:4; Prov 31:10; Ruth 3:11 מִדְיָנִים ׳א Prov 21:9; Prov 25:24; Prov 27:15 וָכָ֑עַס ׳מ ׳א Prov 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Gen 2:24; Gen 2:25; Gen 3:8; Gen 3:17; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Deut 20:7; Deut 28:30 בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exod 21:3; Exod 21:22 אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judg 20:4 לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gen 2:22; Gen 12:19; Gen 16:3; Gen 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subject) Gen 20:12; Num 36:3; Num 36:6 (twice in verse); Num 36:11; Num 36:12; Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Deut 13:7 compare Deut 28:54 נְעוּרֶיךָ ׳א Prov 5:18; Mal 2:14; Mal 2:15 בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ ׳א vMal 2:14 אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11; Lev 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below
4.

4. With distributive & reciprocal sense, מֵאֵת ׳א רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exod 11:2 (E); compare Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:9; Jer 9:19 each one, of birds of prey Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 (strike out Bi Che); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3 of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zech 11:9 & of inanimate things (P, & late) אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ ׳א Exod 26:3 (twice in verse); Exod 26:5; Exod 26:6; Exod 26:17 (P) Ezek 1:9 (strike out Co) vEzek 1:23; Ezek 3:13.

BDB9321 H802

BDB9320 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9322

II. אנשׁ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אנשׁ, אִשָּׁח).

wife, woman, wives, women, one, …
ʾiššâ
a woman
  • woman, wife, female
    • woman (opposite of man)
      • "wife (woman married to a man)"female (of animals)"each, every (pronoun)

מַה
מַה
Particle turns the sentence into a question
Dictionary form: מָה · maw

Particle — Interrogative

In the KJV here: what
what ×268 why ×81 wherefore ×64 how ×44 and what ×35 wherein ×12 and why ×10 him what ×9
More options
what — Default interrogative; fits most direct questions.
why — Use when context implies reason or motive.
how — Use when manner or degree is in view.
for what reason — Formal alternative to 'why'; clarifies rhetorical force.
wherein — Replaces archaic form; for 'in what respect'.
whatever — Use for indefinite or relative pronoun contexts.

BDB4521 H1767 H4078 H4100

BDB4520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4522

מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.

מִדֵּי see דַּי.

מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.

מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.

מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.

מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.

מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.

[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.

מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.

[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.

[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.

BDB4522 H4100 H4078

BDB4521 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4523

מָה, rarely מָהֿ (e.g. Gen 31:43; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1), מַהֿ, מַהּ , מֶה, מַּ  ( Exod 4:2; Isa 3:15; Mal 1:13; 1Chr 15:13; 2Chr 30:3), מָ (only in מָהֵם Ezek 8:6 Kt., Qr. מָה הֵם) — on the distinction in the use of these forms, see Ges«GKC:37»§ 37 —

pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? how? aught; used of things, as מִי of persons (Aramaic , מָא, Arabic ; probably apocope from a longer form with n or nt, Assyrian minû (DlHWB 417 f.), Ethiopic ment; compare WCG 123 ff. K?:ii. 368): —
1. interrogative what ?
  a. in a direct question, before either verbs or nouns Gen 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done ? Gen 15:2 מהתֿתןלֿי what wilt thou give me ? Exod 3:13 מַהשְּֿׁמוֺ, Exod 12:26; Exod 13:14 and so very often: מַההִֿיא Zech 5:6 מה אלה Zech 1:9 מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה Jer 1:11; Amos 7:8 +; Jl Amos 4:14 מה אתם לי; Judg 18:8 מה אתם see Commentaries, vJudg 18:24 מה לי עוד what have I still ? Isa 21:11 מהמֿלילה what (= how much) of the night (is past) ? = as what ? (qualem ?) Hag 2:3 (compare מִי Amos 7:2); to express surprise, Job 9:12 who shall say to him, מה תעשׂה what doest thou ? Job 22:13; Eccl 8:4; Isa 45:9; Isa 45:10 followed by כִּי, Gen 20:10 מה ראית כי עשׂית what hadst thou in view, that thou hast done, etc.? Gen 31:36; Exod 16:7 וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי and what are we, that . . .? Exod 32:21; Num 22:28; Hab 2:18, etc. Note in particular —
   (a) מָה is followed sometimes by a substantive in apposition (against Arabic usage, which does not permit this: WAG. ii. § 170), so that it becomes virtually an adjective: מַהבֶּֿצַע what profit . . .? Gen 37:26; Ps 30:10; Mal 3:14; Isa 40:8 מַהדְּֿמוּת, Mal 1:13; Ps 89:48 זְכָראֲֿנִי מֶה חָ֑לֶד (inverted for חֶלֶד אָ֑נִי מַה) remember (of) what (short) duration I am, Eccl 1:3; Eccl 5:10; Eccl 5:15; Eccl 6:8; Eccl 6:11 (Da§ 8, R. 2 K?:iii. 23 f.); as exclamation, Ps 89:48b Job 26:14. And with the substantive idiomatically at the end (in Arabic preceded then by : WAG. ii. § 49. 7), 1Sam 26:18 ומַהבֿידי רעה and what is there in my hand, evil ? 1Sam 20:10 (see 3), 2Sam 19:29; 2Sam 24:13; 2Sam 1:16; מהמֿצאו אבותיכם בי עָוֶל, Eccl 11:2; Esth 6:3.
   (b) מַהזֶּֿה what now ? 1Sam 10:11, contracted מַזֶּה Exod 4:2 (זֶה 4 c); Gen 3:13 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ; Gen 12:18; Gen 29:25 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָה לִּי; similarly Gen 26:10; Gen 42:28 +, either what, now, hast thou done ? or what is this that thou hast done ? (see זֶה 4 d).
   (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee ? i.e. what aileth thee ? or what dost thou want ? Gen 21:17 מַהלָּֿךְ הָגָר; Josh 15:18; 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 1:16; 2Kgs 6:28; Ezek 18:2 (accents); followed by כִּי, Judg 18:23 מהלֿך כי נזעקת, Gen 20:9 (compare 1Sam 11:5 לעם כי יבכו מה), Isa 22:1 מַהלָּֿךְ כִּי עָלִיתְ (compare τί παθὼν, τοῦτο ποιεῖς;), Ps 114:5 without כִּי Isa 3:15 (compare Qor 57:8; 57:10); with a participle, Jonah 1:6 what is it to thee as a sleeper ? (accusative: Da§ 70 a cites Qor 74:50), Ezek 18:2 (if אתם be treated as strengthening לכם).
   (d) פֹה (לִי) מַהלְּֿךָ = what hast thou (have I) here ? Judg 18:3; 1Kgs 19:9; Isa 22:16; Isa 52:5.
   (e) in the genitive, Jer 8:9 וְחָכְמַתמֶֿה לָהֶם, and wisdom of what (= what kind of wisdom) is theirs ? Num 23:3 (see below 3).
  b. often in an indirect question, as after ראה, Gen 2:19 to see מהיֿקראלֿו what he would call it, Gen 37:20 וְנִרְאֶה מהיֿהיו חלֹמֹתיו to what his dreams will come, Num 13:19f.; Hab 2:1 הִכִּיר Gen 31:32 ידע Gen 39:8; Exod 2:4 לדעת מהיֵּֿעָשֶׂה לו, Exod 16:15; Exod 32:1; Job 34:4 שׁמע Num 9:8 ׳וְאשׁמעה מהיֿצוה י (compare Ps 85:9), 2Sam 17:5 פֹּרַשׁ Num 15:34 שׁאל 1Kgs 3:5; 2Kgs 2:9 הֵבִין Job 6:24; Job 23:5: Num 13:18 מה היא וראיתם את הארץ, Ps 39:5; Isa 41:22 הראשׁנות מָה הֵנָּה הַגִּידוּ. — In some such cases it approximates in meaning to the simple rel., as Jer 7:17; Jer 33:24; Mic 6:5; Mic 6:8; Job 34:33.
  c. = of what kind ? (German was für ein ... ?), with an insinuation of blame, or reproach, or contempt: Gen 37:10 מה החלום הזה what is this dream which thou hast dreamt? Gen 44:15; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1; Judg 15:11; Judg 20:12; 1Sam 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה, 1Kgs 9:13 מה העדים האלה אשׁר נתתה לי, 2Kgs 9:22; 2Kgs 18:19.
  d. מה is often used in questions to which the answer little, or nothing, is expected, and it thus becomes equivalent to a rhetorical negative (compare הֲ b, מִי f c):
   (a) Gen 23:15 land worth 400 shekels..., מה היא what is it ? (i.e. it is something quite insignificant), Gen 27:37; Judg 8:3 עשׂות ככם ומהיֿכלתי, Judg 14:18; Hos 9:5; Hos 10:3; Ps 30:10; Ps 56:5; Job 15:9; Job 16:6; Job 21:21; Job 22:13; Job 22:17; Lam 2:13; Song 5:9 מַהאדּוֺדֵךְ מִדּוֺד what is thy beloved (more) than a(nother) beloved ? || לא, 1Kgs 12:16 מַהלָּֿנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוֺד וְלֹאנַֿחֲלָה בְּבֶן יִשַׁי (2Sam 20:1 ׳אֵיןלָֿנוּ חֵלֶק וג), Job 16:6.
   (b) followed by כִּי (כִּי 1 f), Gen 20:9; Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit (is it) that we should slay him ? Exod 16:7; Num 16:11; Hab 2:18; 2Kgs 8:13 what is thy servant, the dog, that he should do, etc.? and often in poetry, as Ps 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him ? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, vJob 6:11 b Job 7:17; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 + (compare ׳מִ f b). Hence,
   (c) in the formula of repudiation, or emphatic denial, (וְלָכֶם) מַהלִּֿי וָלָךְ what is there (common) to me and to thee ? i.e. what have I to do with thee ? Judg 11:12; 2Sam 16:10 מה לי ולכם, 2Sam 19:23; 1Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 3:13; 2Chr 35:21 compare Josh 22:24; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 rather differently, without וְ, Jer 2:18 ׳מה לך לדרך מ what is there to thee with reference to the way to Egypt ? Hos 14:9 מַהאלּוֺ לַעֲצַבִּים, compare Ps 50:16 (לְסַפֵּר); with את, Jer 23:28 מַהלַֿתֶּבֶן אֶתהַֿבָּר beside (or in comparison with) the wheat ? compare τί ἐμοὶ(ἡμῖν)καὶ σοί; Matt 8:29; Mark 5:7; John 2:4 and Arabic
  e. = whatsoever (compare מִי g):
   (a) Judg 9:48 ראיתם עשׂיתי מהרו עשׂו כמוני מה אתם, literally what do you see (that) I have done ? hasten, and do like me (= whatever ye see, etc.), 2Sam 21:4 אעשׂה לכם מה אתם אמרים, Job 6:24 with the apodosis introduced by וְ, 1Sam 20:4 מה תאמר נפשׁך ואעשׂה לך; Esth 5:3 בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ ֗֗֗ וְיִנָּתֵן לָךְ מַהֿ, vEsth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 hence in the late and strange idiom of Chronicles, it sinks twice almost to the rel. what, 1Chr 15:13 כי לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה לא אתם because ye were not (employed) for what was at first (on the former occasion), J. etc., 2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי according to what was sufficient (= in sufficient numbers), compare Esth 9:26.
   (b) -מַהשֶּֿׁ (late: frequently in Mishna, etc.), whatever, what (compare מִי אֲשֶׁר, מִי
  g. end): Eccl 1:9 מַהשֶּֿׁהָיָה הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה, literally what is that which hath been ? it is that which shall be (= whatever hath been, it is that which shall be), vEccl 1:9; Eccl 3:15; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 6:10; Eccl 7:24; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14.
2. Used adverbially:
  a. as an interrogative:
   (a) how ? especially in expressing what is regarded as an impossibility, Gen 44:16 מַהנִּֿצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves ? Num 23:8 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:27 מַהיּֿשִׁעֵנוּ זֶה, 2Kgs 4:43; Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (twice in verse); Job 31:1 I made a covenant with my eyes, ׳וּמָה אֶתְבּוֺנֵן עַל ב and how should I look upon a maid ? (ᵐ5 οὐ, ᵑ9 non), Prov 20:24 דַּרְכּוֺ וְאָדָם מַהיָּֿבִין; in an indirect question, Exod 10:26; Ps 39:5 ֵ˜אדְעָה מֶהחָֿדֵל אָ֑נִי; מַהזֶּֿה, how, now ? (in surprise), Gen 27:20 מַהזֶּֿה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצאֹ בְּנִי, Judg 18:24; 1Kgs 21:5; 2Kgs 1:5.
   (b) why ? Exod 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק, Exod 17:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:33; 2Kgs 7:3; Ps 42:6 מַהתִּֿשְׁתּוֺחֲחִי עלי, Job 15:12 +; Song 8:4 I adjure you מַהתָּֿעִירוּ וּמַהתְּֿעוֺרֲרוּ, why will ye stir up, etc.? (i.e. do not: || אִם Song 2:7; Song 3:5). — The transition from the interrogative to the negative, to which in Hebrew there is an approximate (see above: especially 1Kgs 12:16; Job 31:1; Song 8:4), is in Arabic complete, being there used constantly in the sense of not (compare WalkerHebraica. xii. 244 ff.; Köiii, 478).
  b. as an exclamation, how ...! with adjectives and verbs, Gen 28:17 מַהנּֿוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place! Gen 38:29; Num 24:5 מַהטֹּֿבוּ אֹהָלֶיךָ, Isa 52:7; Ps 3:2 מה רבו, Ps 8:2 מה אדיר, Ps 21:2; Ps 36:8, etc., Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 7:2 ironically, 2Sam 6:20; Jer 2:33; Jer 2:36; Job 26:2; Job 26:3.
3. indefinite pronoun anything, aught, Num 23:3 וּדְבַרמַֿהיַּֿרְאֵנִי וְהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ and he will shew me the matter of aught, and I will tell thee (= if he shew me... I will, etc., Dr§ 149), 1Sam 19:3 וְרָאִיתִי מָה וִהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ = and if I see aught, I will, etc., 1Sam 20:10 אוֺ מַהיַּֿעַנִךָ אָבִיךָ קָשָׁה if perchance thy father shall answer thee aught that is harsh (order, 1 a a), 2Sam 18:22 וִיהִימָֿה אָרוּצָהנָּֿא but let there happen what may (literally aught), I will run, v2Sam 18:23 (compare Job 13:13 וְיַעֲבֹר עָלַי מָה), vJob 13:29 וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מָה (compare Prov 9:13), Prov 25:8. compare Köiii. § 65.
4. With prepositions:
  a. בַּמָּה9, בַּמֶּה19 wherein ? Exod 22:26; Judg 16:5; 1Sam 14:38 (indirect question; We בְּמִי); and so according to the various senses of בְּ: whereby ? Gen 15:8; Exod 33:16; Mal 1:2; Mal 1:6; Mal 1:7; Mal 2:17; Mal 3:7-8 wherewith ? 1Sam 6:2; 2Sam 21:3; Mic 6:6 by what means ? Judg 16:5 וּבַמֶּה נוּכַל לוֺ; at what (worth) ? Isa 2:22 for what ? 2Chr 7:21 (|| 1Kgs 9:8 עלמֿה).
  b. יַעַן מֶה Hag 1:9 because of what ?
  c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה, properly the like of what ? (Arabic , Syriac ); hence
   (a) how much ? how many ? ׳כַּמָּה יְמֵי וגו Gen 47:8; 2Sam 19:35; Ps 119:84; Job 13:23 עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1Kgs 22:16 (= 2Chr 18:15); כַּמָּה how often ? Job 21:17 (i.e. how seldom !); in an indirect question, how much ? Zech 2:6 (twice in verse). As an exclamation, Zech 7:3 as I have done זֶה כַמֶּה שָׁנִים now (זֶה 4 i), how many years ! Ps 78:40 כַּמָּה how often !
   (b) for how long ? Ps 35:17 כמה תראה, Job 7:19.
  d. לָ֫מָּה, לָמָ֫ה (לָמָ֫ה mostly before the gutturals א, ה, ע and ׳י [i.e. אֲדֹנָי], but twice besides, Ps 42:10; Ps 43:2 לָ֫מָּה also occurs before guttural, in five places noted by Masoretes on Ps 43:2, namely 1Sam 28:15; 2Sam 2:22; 2Sam 14:31; Ps 49:6; Jer 15:18, and before ךְ Gen 4:6; 2Sam 14:13; 2Sam 24:3; Eccl 2:15), לָ֫מָה Job 7:20, לָ֫מֶה 1Sam 1:8 (3 t. in verse), for what reason ? why? Gen 4:6 למה חרה לך why art thou angry ? Gen 24:31, etc.; often strengthened by זֶה (זֶה 4 e), Gen 18:13; Gen 32:30 (= Judg 13:18) למה זה תשׁאל לשׁמי, Judg 33:15; Exod 2:20; Exod 5:22; Exod 17:3, etc., Jer 6:20; Jer 20:18 +; Gen 25:22 זה אנכי אם כן למהֿ if so, why, then, am I ? (why do I continue to live ?); = to what purpose (followed by לִ person), Gen 27:46 למה לי חיים, Isa 1:11; Jer 6:20; Amos 5:18 למה זה ׳לכם יום י, Job 30:2 in an indirect question, 1Sam 6:3; Dan 10:20. Note especially
   (a) in expostulations, Gen 12:18 למה לא הגדת לי why didst thou not tell me, etc. ? vGen 12:19; Gen 29:25; Gen 31:27; Gen 42:1; Gen 43:6; 1Sam 21:15; 1Sam 22:13; 1Sam 24:10; Ps 22:2; Ps 44:24; Ps 44:25; Ps 74:1; Ps 74:11 + often;
   (b) with an imperfect, often deprecating, or introducing rhetorically, the reason why something should, or should not, be done, why should . . .? 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 19:17; 1Sam 20:8 but to thy father (emphatic) למה זה תביאני, why shouldst thou bring me ? 1Sam 20:32 מה עשׂה למה יומת why should he be put to death ? 2Sam 13:26; 2Sam 16:9; 2Sam 20:19; 2Kgs 14:10, etc.: in such cases, it approximates in meaning to lest (compare Phoenician CISi. 2, 21 יסגרינם אלנם לָםָ ne tradant eos dii), and is in ᵐ5 often rendered by μήποτε, as Gen 27:45 למה אשׁכל why should I be bereaved, etc. ? Exod 32:12 יאמרו מצרים למה Neh 6:3; Ps 79:10; Ps 115:2; Eccl 7:16, μή, Jer 40:15, ἵνα μή, Gen 47:19; 2Sam 2:22; 2Chr 25:16; Eccl 5:5; Eccl 7:17, or ὅπως μή, Joel 2:17 (in 1Sam 19:17; 2Sam 13:26, paraph. by εἰ μή); and, connected with the foregoing sentence by אשׁר, or שֶׁ, in late, or dialect., Hebrew it actually has that meaning, Dan 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה יִרְאֶה lest he see, Song 1:7 שַׁלָּמָ֫ה אֶהְיֶה lest I become (so in Aramaic לְמָה דִּי Ezra 7:23, דִּילְמָא ᵑ7, Syriac , both regularly = lest).
  e. עַדמָֿה (Ps 4:3 עַדמֶֿה) until when ? how long ? Num 24:22 (aposiop.), Ps 4:3; Ps 79:5; Ps 89:47 in indirect question, Ps 74:9 (compare עד אנה, עד מתי). feminine עַלמָֿה, and עַלמֶֿה, upon what ? Job 38:6; 2Chr 32:10 upon what ground ? wherefore ? Num 22:32 עַלמָֿה הִכִּיתָ אֶתאֲֿתֹנְךָ, Deut 29:23 (compare 1Kgs 9:8; Jer 22:8), Isa 1:5; Jer 8:14; Jer 9:11; Jer 16:10; Ezek 21:12; Ps 10:13; Job 13:14 (probably dittograph from vJob 13:13); עלמֿהזֿה Neh 2:4. In an indirect question, Job 10:2 הוֺדִיעֻנִי עַל מַהתְּֿרִיבֻנִי, Esth 4:5 לָדַעַת מַהזֶּֿה וְעַלמַֿהוֶּֿה.

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB9652 H3964 H4101 H4100

BDB9651 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9653

מָה (מָא Ezra 6:8) pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? (Biblical Hebrew מָה; Nabataean מה; Zinjirli מ; ᵑ7 מא; Syriac ; Arabic : compare WCG 124 f.); —

1. what ? Dan 4:32 מה עבדת.
2. whatever, what (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 b end) Dan 2:22 ידע מח בחשׁוכא knoweth what is in darkness, Ezra 6:9: so מָה דִּי (compare דִּי 1 b: so Nabataean; Palmyrene מא די, מדי, Lzb306 Cooke320, 332) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45; Ezra 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to what ye shall do, Ezra 7:18 (= whatsoever).
3. with prefixes:
  a. כְּמָה how! Dan 3:33 (twice in verse).
  b. לְמָה why? (compare Biblical Hebrew לָמָּה) Ezra 4:22 be not slack herein: why should damage grow, etc., virtually = lest damage grow (ᵐ5 μή ποτε), Ezra 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath ? = lest [ᵐ5 μή ποτε] there be wrath (compare ᵑ7 דִּילְמָא, Syriac lest: and see מָה 4 d b, p. 554:a).
  c. עלמֿה wherefore? Dan 2:15.

what, why, wherefore, how, wherein, …
mâ
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
  • (interr pron) what, how, of what kind
    • (interrogative)
      • what?
        • "of what kind"what? (rhetorical)"whatsoever, whatever, what
      (adverb)
      • how, how now
        • "why"how! (exclamation)
      (with prep)
      • wherein?, whereby?, wherewith?, by what means?
        • "because of what?"the like of what?
        • how much?, how many?, how often?
          • "for how long?
        for what reason?, why?, to what purpose?"until when?, how long?, upon what?, wherefore? indef pron
    anything, aught, what may

דּוֹדֵ ֣ךְ
דּוֹדֵ
Root word beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
֣ךְ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one woman)
Dictionary form: דּוֹד · dode

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: is thy beloved
my beloved ×12 is thy beloved ×4 uncle ×4 his uncles ×3 of love ×3 of my beloved ×3 am my beloveds ×2 his uncle ×2
More options
beloved — Best for Song of Songs; intimate, poetic register.
lover — Romantic context; more direct than 'beloved'.
uncle — Use when kinship meaning is clear from context.
dear one — Softer, affectionate alternative to 'beloved'.
love — As a term of endearment or for the abstract quality.

BDB1861 H1730

BDB1860 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1862

דּוֺד noun masculineSong 1:2 beloved, love (plural), uncle (Late Hebrew id., Syriac ; Assyrian dâdu DlHA 19) — absolute דּוֺד Song 5:9 (twice in verse); construct דּוֺד 1Sam 10:14 + 3 t.; דֹּד Lev 10:4; Esth 2:15 suffix דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (but compare below) + 26 t. all Canticles; דֹּדִי Jer 32:8 + 2 t.; דֹּדְךָ Jer 32:7 דּוֺדֵךְ Song 5:9 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; דּוֺדוֺ Amos 6:10; 1Sam 10:16, דֹּדוֺ Lev 20:20 + 4 t.; דּוֺדָהּ Song 8:5 plural דּוֺדִים Song 5:1 דֹּדִים Prov 7:18; Ezek 16:8; Ezek 23:17 plural suffix דֹּדַי Song 7:13 דֹּדֶיךָ Song 1:2; Song 1:4 דֹּדַיִךְ Song 4:10 (twice in verse); דֹּדֵיהֶן Num 36:11 —

1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed) Song 1:13; Song 1:14; Song 1:16; Song 2:3; Song 2:8; Song 2:9; Song 2:10; Song 2:16; Song 2:17; Song 4:16; Song 5:2; Song 5:4; Song 5:5; Song 5:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:8; Song 5:9 (twice in verse); Song 5:10; Song 5:16; Song 6:1 (twice in verse); Song 6:2; Song 6:3 (twice in verse); Song 7:10; Song 7:11; Song 7:12; Song 7:14; Song 8:5; Song 8:14 beloved one, friend, שִׁירַת דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (where Lo Che דודים ׳שׁ love-song, see 3 below)
2. specifically uncle, Lev 10:4 (father's brother, patruus; Syriac = also avunculus) Num 36:11; 1Sam 14:50; 2Kgs 24:17; Lev 20:20; Lev 25:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:14; 1Sam 10:15; 1Sam 10:16; Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15; Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8; Jer 32:9; Jer 32:12 perhaps also 1Chr 27:32 Jonathan, David's דּוֺד so AV RV; = kinsman (?, so St RVm) Amos 6:10.
3. plural abstract love Prov 7:18; Song 1:2; Song 1:4; Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 5:1 (Song 5:1 and elsewhere concrete beloved ones, so AV RV, ᵐ5 ἀδελφυἰ; so עֵת דדים Ezek 16:8 מִשְׁכַּב דדים Ezek 23:17.

beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
dôd
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
  • beloved, love, uncle
    • loved one, beloved
      • "uncle"love (pl. abstract)

מִ דּ֔וֹד
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
דּ֔וֹד
Root word beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
Dictionary form: דּוֹד · dode

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: more than another beloved
my beloved ×12 is thy beloved ×4 uncle ×4 his uncles ×3 of love ×3 of my beloved ×3 am my beloveds ×2 his uncle ×2
More options
beloved — Best for Song of Songs; intimate, poetic register.
lover — Romantic context; more direct than 'beloved'.
uncle — Use when kinship meaning is clear from context.
dear one — Softer, affectionate alternative to 'beloved'.
love — As a term of endearment or for the abstract quality.

BDB1861 H1730

BDB1860 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1862

דּוֺד noun masculineSong 1:2 beloved, love (plural), uncle (Late Hebrew id., Syriac ; Assyrian dâdu DlHA 19) — absolute דּוֺד Song 5:9 (twice in verse); construct דּוֺד 1Sam 10:14 + 3 t.; דֹּד Lev 10:4; Esth 2:15 suffix דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (but compare below) + 26 t. all Canticles; דֹּדִי Jer 32:8 + 2 t.; דֹּדְךָ Jer 32:7 דּוֺדֵךְ Song 5:9 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; דּוֺדוֺ Amos 6:10; 1Sam 10:16, דֹּדוֺ Lev 20:20 + 4 t.; דּוֺדָהּ Song 8:5 plural דּוֺדִים Song 5:1 דֹּדִים Prov 7:18; Ezek 16:8; Ezek 23:17 plural suffix דֹּדַי Song 7:13 דֹּדֶיךָ Song 1:2; Song 1:4 דֹּדַיִךְ Song 4:10 (twice in verse); דֹּדֵיהֶן Num 36:11 —

1. most often loved one, beloved (lover, betrothed) Song 1:13; Song 1:14; Song 1:16; Song 2:3; Song 2:8; Song 2:9; Song 2:10; Song 2:16; Song 2:17; Song 4:16; Song 5:2; Song 5:4; Song 5:5; Song 5:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:8; Song 5:9 (twice in verse); Song 5:10; Song 5:16; Song 6:1 (twice in verse); Song 6:2; Song 6:3 (twice in verse); Song 7:10; Song 7:11; Song 7:12; Song 7:14; Song 8:5; Song 8:14 beloved one, friend, שִׁירַת דּוֺדִי Isa 5:1 (where Lo Che דודים ׳שׁ love-song, see 3 below)
2. specifically uncle, Lev 10:4 (father's brother, patruus; Syriac = also avunculus) Num 36:11; 1Sam 14:50; 2Kgs 24:17; Lev 20:20; Lev 25:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:14; 1Sam 10:15; 1Sam 10:16; Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15; Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8; Jer 32:9; Jer 32:12 perhaps also 1Chr 27:32 Jonathan, David's דּוֺד so AV RV; = kinsman (?, so St RVm) Amos 6:10.
3. plural abstract love Prov 7:18; Song 1:2; Song 1:4; Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 5:1 (Song 5:1 and elsewhere concrete beloved ones, so AV RV, ᵐ5 ἀδελφυἰ; so עֵת דדים Ezek 16:8 מִשְׁכַּב דדים Ezek 23:17.

beloved, uncle, love, uncles, beloveds, …
dôd
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
  • beloved, love, uncle
    • loved one, beloved
      • "uncle"love (pl. abstract)

שֶׁ כָּ֖כָה
שֶׁ
Prefix — relative who, which, that
כָּ֖כָה
Adverb thus, so, manner, matter, thou, …
Dictionary form: כָּכָה · kaw-KAW

Adverb

In the KJV here: that thou
thus ×12 so ×4 after this manner ×3 even so ×3 and thus ×2 even thus ×2 him thus ×2 me ×1
More options
this way — Natural, everyday phrasing for manner or method.
like this — Informal and vivid; good for direct speech or demonstration.
in this manner — Slightly more formal; suits narrative or legal prose.
so — Brief and versatile; best when context makes reference clear.
in such a case — Prefer when the lemma marks a conditional or situational context.
accordingly — Suits logical or consequential flow between clauses.

BDB3925 H3602

BDB3924 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3926

כָּ֫כָה37 adverb thus (Late Hebrew abbreviated to כָּךְ, with prepositions בֵּין כָּךְ meanwhile, לְפִיכָךְ therefore; probably either from כָה and כְּ, literally as thus, Ol§ 223 h; or from כָּה כָה Köii. 1, 253), somewhat more emphatic than כֹּה, usually prefixed to word which it qualifies: — Exod 12:11 וככה תאכלו אתו and thus shall ye eat it, Exod 29:35; Num 8:26; Num 11:15 ואם ככה את עשׂה לי, Num 15:11; Num 15:12; Num 15:13; Deut 25:9; Deut 29:23 (compare 1Kgs 9:8; Jer 22:8); so often with עשׂה: 1Sam 19:17 למה ככה רמיתני why hast thou thus deceived me ? 2Sam 17:21; 1Kgs 1:6; 1Kgs 1:48; Jer 13:9; Jer 19:11; Jer 28:11; Jer 51:64 once with an adjective 2Sam 13:4 מדוע אתה כָכָה דל why art thou thus lean ? Eccl 11:5 answering to כַּאֲשֶׁר; Ps 144:15 העם שֶׁכָּכָה לוֺ the people to which it is thus. Once 2Chr 18:19 repeated, in this way . . . in that way (|| 1Kgs 22:20 בְּכֹהבְּ֗֗֗כֹה). compare the synonym כָּזֹאת. With a preposition once, in late Hebrew, Esth 9:26 עַלכָּֿ֫כָה concerning such a matter. With the interrogative אי, אֵיכָכָה how ? (p. 32).

thus, so, manner, matter, thou, …
kākâ
just so, referring to the previous or following context
  • like this, thus

הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽ נוּ
הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽ
Root word sware, swear, sworn, sweareth, oath, …
נוּ
Suffix — pronoun our / us
Dictionary form: שָׁבַע · shaw-BA

Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), second person feminine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: dost so charge us
sware ×24 i sware ×14 he sware ×13 swear ×11 hath sworn ×10 i have sworn ×7 and sware ×5 he hath sworn ×5
More options
swear — Most direct modern equivalent; use for active vows.
take an oath — Formal register; highlights the ritual or legal act.
vow — Emphasizes the content of commitment over the act.
pledge — Neutral, contemporary; suits covenantal or treaty contexts.
adjure — Retains solemn/legal force; use when commanding another to swear.
charge solemnly — Best when the speaker binds a third party by oath.

BDB8431 H7650

BDB8430 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8432

[שָׁבַע]186 verb swear (probably, so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, compare Thes (as alternative), Gerb108ff; Late Hebrew Niph`al= Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 שְׁבַע Ithpe`el, Aph`el; see also DrGen 21:28 KöHast. DB NUMBER, 565 RSSemitic i. 166, 2nd ed., 182 WeReste Arabic Heid. 2, 186); —

Qal (according to Thes Rob Ges) Passive participle שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֺת Ezek 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co omitted; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm ׳שָׁ ׳שׁ weeks on weeks (plenty of time). Niph`al Perfect, 3 masculine singularנִשְׁבַּע Gen 24:7, + etc.;Imperfect 3 masculine singularיִשָּׁבַע Lev 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Gen 24:9 +; 2 masculine singular תִּשֶּׁבֵ֑עַ Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20 1 singular אִשָּׁב֑עַ Gen 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1Kgs 2:8; Ezek 16:8, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַשָּֽׁבְעָה Gen 21:23 +, etc.; Infinitive abs הִשָּׁבֵע Num 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jer 7:9 construct הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jer 12:16 (twice in verse) + 1Sam 20:17 see infra; Participle נִשְׁבָּע Zech 5:3 +, etc.; — swear, take an oath:
1. subj man : a. in asseveration, absolute Gen 21:24; Gen 21:31 (E), Judg 21:1; Judg 21:18; 2Sam 21:2 +; also followed byוַיּאֹמֶר 1Sam 20:3; 1Kgs 1:29, followed by לֵאמֹר 2Sam 3:35; Josh 14:9 (D); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Num 30:3 (P; || נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Jer 5:2; Jer 7:9; Lev 5:24 (P; + עַל of thing), Mal 3:5 + ׳עלשֿׁ Lev 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה Ps 24:4 followed by infinitive Lev 5:4 (P), Ps 15:4; Ps 119:106 + ל person take an oath to, Josh 6:22 (JE), Josh 9:20 (P; accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Gen 24:9 (+ עַלהַֿדָּבָר הַזֶּה +, so also 1Sam 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶלֿ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶתֿ, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Th We Dr and others); oath allegiance (׳לי ) Isa 19:18; Isa 45:23; Zeph 1:5; 2Chr 5:14, compare(absolute) v2Chr 5:15 (Josh 23:7 see Hiph`il); also sq וַיּאֹמֶר 2Kgs 25:24, followed by לֵאמֹר 2Sam 21:17; 1Kgs 1:13; Jer 40:9 followed byפֶּן = that not Judg 15:12, followed by אִם = id. 1Kgs 1:51 + אֶל person followed by לֵאמֹר Jer 38:16 + ׳בי by ׳י, followed by infinitive Judg 21:7 + ׳בְּשֵׁם י 1Sam 20:42; Isa 48:1, compare Gen 31:53 (E), Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20; Jer 12:16 (+ ׳חַייֿ), Isa 65:16; Zech 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קֶר), Lev 19:12 (id.), Ps 63:12; Dan 12:7 ׳בי followed by אִם 2Sam 19:8 + ל person with ׳בי Josh 9:18; Josh 9:19 (P; pledge faith), followed byלֵאמֹר 1Sam 28:10; 1Kgs 11:30; 1Kgs 2:8; 1Kgs 2:23, followed by כִּי of object clause Josh 2:12 (JE), 1Kgs 1:17 + ל person with ׳בא, followed by אִם Gen 21:23 (E), 1Sam 30:15 as verb of quotation + object ׳חַייֿ Hos 4:15; Jer 4:2; 1Sam 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in oratio recta [direct speech] Ps 132:2 (|| נָדַר); also כְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Jer 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Jer 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zeph 1:3, compare Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).
  b. imprecate, curse, בִּי by me Psalms; Ps 102:9 (compare שְׁבוּעָה
1.b קְלָלָה).
2. subject ׳י: swear, with בִּי by myself Gen 22:16 (JE), Jer 22:5 (clause כִּי), Jer 49:13 (id.), Isa 45:23 (id.), with בְּקָדְשׁוֺ Amos 4:2 (id.), compare Ps 89:36 (|| אִם אֲכַזֵּב), compare also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:17; Jer 44:26; Jer 51:14; Isa 62:8 swear, followed by infinitive Deut 1:35; Deut 4:21; Josh 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; vJosh 21:43 Gi), followed by מִן infinitive= not to Isa 54:9 (twice in verse) followed by אִם Ps 90:10, followed by לֵאמֹר Deut 1:34; Isa 14:24; Num 32:10(P); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Ps 110:4 with ל person take an oath to, Gen 24:7(J), Exod 13:11 (J), Deut 2:14 + 7 t. Deuteronomy (accusative of congnate meaning with verbDeut 7:8; Deut 9:5), Ezek 16:8 (|| בּוֺא בִבְרִית, Ps 89:4 (|| כָּרַת בְּרִית), vPs 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל person + infinitive (usually to give land Exod 13:5 (J), Deut 1:8 + 9 t. Deuteronomy; Josh 1:6; Josh 5:6 (twice in verse) (all RD), Jer 11:5 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Jer 32:22 ל person + accusative of thing (usually land) = promise by oath to Gen 50:24; Exod 33:1; Num 11:12 (all J), Num 14:16; Num 14:23 (JE), Num 32:11 (P), Judg 2:1; Mic 7:20; Deut 6:18+ 8 t. Deuteronomy (object covenant Deut 4:31; Deut 8:18); ל person omitted Deut 31:21. Hiph`il Perf. 3 masculine singular הִשְׁבִּיעַ Exod 13:19 +, 1 singular הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Song 2:7 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּשְׁבַּע Gen 50:25 +, suffix וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Gen 24:37, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁבֵּעַ Exod 13:19; 1Sam 14:28 construct הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1Sam 14:27 (1Sam 20:17 see Niph`al); Participle suffix מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15 —
1. cause to take an oath, subject always man: with accusative of person Gen 50:6 (J), + 1Sam 14:27; 1Kgs 18:10; 2Kgs 11:4, + accusative of cognate meaning Josh 2:17; Josh 2:20 (J), לֵאמֹר Gen 24:37; Gen 50:5 (both J), vGen 50:25 (E), Josh 6:26 (J; accusative of person omitted), so (Infinitive absolute + Perfect) Exod 13:19 (JE), 1Sam 14:28, + וְאָמַר Num 5:19 and (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb) vNum 5:21 (both P), + infinitive clause Neh 5:12; Ezra 10:5 + ׳בי by ׳י Gen 24:3 (J; clause אֲשֶׁר), 1Kgs 2:42 (|| וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר, compare Josh 23:7 (RD; but read perhaps Niph`al תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr and others; ᵐ5 strike out), Neh 13:25 (clause אִם, oratio recta), 2Chr 36:13.
2. adjure, with accusative of person 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15 (both + clause אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Canticles: Song 5:9, with clause מַהֿ interrogative vSong 5:8, with clause אִם that not Song 2:7; Song 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = clause מַהֿ Song 8:4 (see מָה 2 a (b)). — 1Sam 20:17 see Niph`al

sware, swear, sworn, sweareth, oath, …
šābaʿ
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
  • to swear, adjure
    • (Qal) sworn (participle)
      • "(Niphal)
      • to swear, take an oath
        • "to swear (of Jehovah by Himself)"to curse
      (Hiphil)
      • to cause to take an oath
        • "to adjure

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
מַה דּוֹדֵ֣ךְ מִדּ֔וֹד Zaqef Qatan — a strong break הַיָּפָ֖ה Tipeha — a lesser break בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here מַה דּוֹדֵ֣ךְ מִדּ֔וֹד Zaqef Qatan — a strong break שֶׁכָּ֖כָה Tipeha — a lesser break הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ Silluq — end of the verse

מַה-דּוֹדֵךְ מִדּוֹד הַיָּפָה בַּנָּשִׁים מַה-דּוֹדֵךְ מִדּוֹד שֶׁכָּכָה הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃
9
What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us?
Cross References

Song of Solomon 1:8

אִם-לֹא תֵדְעִי לָךְ הַיָּפָה בַּנָּשִׁים צְֽאִי-לָךְ בְּעִקְבֵי הַצֹּאן וּרְעִי אֶת-גְּדִיֹּתַיִךְ עַל מִשְׁכְּנוֹת הָרֹעִֽים׃
8
If thou know not, O thou fairest among women, go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock, and feed thy kids beside the shepherds' tents.

Song of Solomon 6:1

אָנָה הָלַךְ דּוֹדֵךְ הַיָּפָה בַּנָּשִׁים אָנָה פָּנָה דוֹדֵךְ וּנְבַקְשֶׁנּוּ עִמָּֽךְ׃
1
Whither is thy beloved gone, O thou fairest among women? whither is thy beloved turned aside? that we may seek him with thee.

Song of Solomon 6:9

אַחַת הִיא יוֹנָתִי תַמָּתִי אַחַת הִיא לְאִמָּהּ בָּרָה הִיא לְיֽוֹלַדְתָּהּ רָאוּהָ בָנוֹת וַֽיְאַשְּׁרוּהָ מְלָכוֹת וּפִֽילַגְשִׁים וַֽיְהַלְלֽוּהָ׃
9
My dove, my undefiled is but one; she is the only one of her mother, she is the choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw her, and blessed her; yea, the queens and the concubines, and they praised her.

Isaiah 53:2

וַיַּעַל כַּיּוֹנֵק לְפָנָיו וְכַשֹּׁרֶשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ צִיָּה לֹא-תֹאַר לוֹ וְלֹא הָדָר וְנִרְאֵהוּ וְלֹֽא-מַרְאֶה וְנֶחְמְדֵֽהוּ׃
2
For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.

Matthew 16:13

Ἐλθὼν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὰ μέρη Καισαρείας τῆς Φιλίππου ἠρώτα τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ λέγων Τίνα με λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἰναι τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
13
When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do that men say I the Son of man am?

Psalms 45:13

כָּל-כְּבוּדָּה בַת-מֶלֶךְ פְּנִימָה מִֽמִּשְׁבְּצוֹת זָהָב לְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃
13
The king's daughter is all glorious within: her clothing is of wrought gold.

Psalms 87:3

נִכְבָּדוֹת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ עִיר הָאֱלֹהִים סֶֽלָה׃
3
Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. Selah.

2 Corinthians 4:3

εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔστιν κεκαλυμμένον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἡμῶν ἐν τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἐστὶν κεκαλυμμένον
3
But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost:

Matthew 21:10

καὶ εἰσελθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις λέγουσα Τίς ἐστιν οὗτος
10
And when he was come into Jerusalem, all the city was moved, saying, Who is this?

John 1:14

Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας
14
And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
Song of Solomon 5:8
Read Song of Solomon 5
Song of Solomon 5:10