Lamentations 5:15

שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ לִבֵּ֔נוּ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְאֵ֖בֶל מְחֹלֵֽנוּ
The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

שָׁבַת֙
שָׁבַת֙
Root word cease, rest, ceased, ceaseth, rested, …
Dictionary form: שָׁבַת · shaw-BAHT

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: is ceased
to cease ×17 cease ×4 ceased ×4 shall cease ×4 ceaseth ×3 thou shalt rest ×3 rest ×2 to fail ×2
More options
cease — Most direct equivalent; fits most narrative and legal contexts.
stop — Colloquial and immediate; good for action-focused passages.
rest — Captures sabbath-rest nuance; prefer in worship or Sabbath contexts.
come to an end — Emphasizes finality; suits poetic or prophetic passages.
discontinue — Formal register; fits legal or covenantal instructions.
put an end to — Transitive use; when a subject actively terminates something.

BDB8451 H7673

BDB8450 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8452

שָׁבַת71 verb cease, desist, rest (As šabâtu, probably cease, be completed DlWB ZimKAT 3. 593 (JenZA iv (1889), 277 f. is sceptical); Arabic cut off, interrupt; Late Hebrew has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of nealect); —

Qal27 Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 2:3 +; 3 plural שָׁבָ֑תוּ Lam 5:14, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁבּוֺת Hos 7:4 יִשְׁבֹּת Prov 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תִּשְׁבֹּת Lev 26:35 תִּשְׁבַּת vLev 26:34; Neh 6:3 +, etc.; —
1. cease: (absolute 13 t.) of seasons Gen 8:22 (J); manna Josh 5:12 (P), etc., Isa 14:4 (twice in verse); Neh 6:3 +; with מִן Hos 7:4 + 3 t.
2. desist from labour, rest:
  a. with מִן (of god) Gen 2:2; Gen 2:3 (P).
  b. מִן omitted, ב temporal Exod 23:12 (E), Exod 16:30; Exod 34:21 (J), Exod 31:17 (P); ׳בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ Exod 34:21 (J; i.e., even in these busy seasons).
  c. land in 7th year Lev 26:34; Lev 26:35 (twice in verse) (H), 2Chr 36:21. — Lev 23:32; Lev 25:2 see [ שָׁבַת] verb denominative below Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁבַּת Isa 17:3 + 2 t.; plural נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ezek 6:6 — cease: absolute Ezek 6:6; Ezek 30:18; Ezek 33:28 with מִן Isa 17:3. Hiph`il40 Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁבִּית Ruth 4:14 +; 2 masculine singular הִשְׁבַּתָּ Ps 89:45; Ps 119:119, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַשְׁבִּיתּ Prov 18:18; Dan 9:27 וַיַּשְׁבֵּת 2Kgs 23:11; 2Chr 16:5, etc.; Infinitive construct הַשְׁבִּית Ps 8:3 לַשְׁבִּית Amos 8:4 (Ges«GKC:53q»§ 53q); Imperative masculine plural הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Isa 30:11 Participle מַשְׁבִּית Jer 16:9; Ps 46:10 —
1. cause to cease, put an end to: with accusative mirth Hos 2:13, work 2Chr 16:5; Neh 4:5 sacrifice Dan 9:27 war Ps 46:10, compare Isa 13:11; Ezek 7:24; Prov 18:18 + 6 t., + קוֺל שָׂשׂוֺן מִן ׳הִשׁ Jer 7:34; Jer 16:9, compare Jer 48:33.
2. = exterminate, destroy: with accusative 2Kgs 23:5; 2Kgs 23:11; Amos 8:4 (Now conjectures העשׁקים), Hos 1:4; Ps 8:3; Ps 119:119 with accusative + מִן, Jer 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Lev 26:6 (H), Ezek 34:25 אלילים Ezek 30:13; Deut 32:26.
3. cause to desist from: with מִן Ezek 16:41; Ezek 34:10; Exod 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי infinitive Josh 22:25 (P).
4. remove ( = מִן הֵסִיר): with מִן Ezek 23:27; Ezek 23:48; Ps 89:45 (text dubious: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֺ [
3.] ᵐ5 Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֺ Herz Che, see also below טֳהָר); leaven מבתים Exod 12:15 (P); מִפָּנֵינוּ ׳ישׂר ׳אֶחקֿ ׳הַשׁ Isa 30:11.
5. cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Lev 2:12 (P); accusative pers + ל person Jer 48:35; Ruth 4:14.

BDB8454 H7673

BDB8453 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8455

[שָׁבַת] verb denominative keep, observe (sabbath); —

Qal, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb; Perfect 3 feminine singular וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ ׳שַׁבָּת לי Lev 25:2 2 masculine plural מֵעֶרֶב עַדעֶֿרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Lev 23:32 (P).

cease, rest, ceased, ceaseth, rested, …
šābat
to repose, i.e., desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)
  • to cease, desist, rest
    • (Qal)
      • to cease
        • "to rest, desist (from labor)
      (Niphal) to cease"(Hiphil)
      • to cause to cease, put an end to
        • "to exterminate, destroy"to cause to desist from"to remove"to cause to fail
    (Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath

מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ
מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ
Root word joy, mirth, rejoice, rejoiceth
Dictionary form: מָשׂוֹשׂ · maw-SOSE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the joy
the joy ×5 a joy ×3 the mirth ×2 and rejoice in ×1 for joy ×1 her mirth ×1 is the joy ×1 of joy ×1
More options
joy — Broadest, most versatile modern rendering.
delight — Emphasizes pleasurable satisfaction; slightly warmer tone.
gladness — Highlights outward expression of inner joy.
exultation — Captures intense, celebratory joy; formal register.
jubilation — Stresses communal or festive rejoicing.
mirth — Modernizes KJV 'mirth'; retains festive, lighthearted nuance.

BDB8194 H4885

BDB8193 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8195

מָשׂוֺשׂ noun masculine: Isa 24:8 id.; — absolute ׳מ Isa 32:13 +, construct מְשׂוֺשׂ Job 8:19 +; suffix מְשׂוֺשִׂי Jer 49:25, מְשׂוֺשָׂהּ Hos 2:13 — exultation, in general, Lam 5:15 (opposed to אֵבֶל), Isa 24:11; Isa 66:10 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb); of bridegroom Isa 62:5 תֻּפִּיס ׳מ, Isa 24:8, בִנּוֺר ׳מ vIsa 24:8 ׳בָּתֵּי מ Isa 33:13 of Jerusalem (as causing joy) Isa 60:15; Ps 48:3; Lam 2:15, compare Jer 49:25 (קִרְיַת מְשׂוֺשִׂי; || תְּהִלָּה), Isa 65:18 (|| גִּילָה); דַּרְבּוֺ ׳מ (of godless man) Job 8:19 פְּרָאִים ׳מ Isa 32:14, i.e. desert. — ׳מ Isa 8:6, si vera lectio, is construct before preposition, but (מִפְּנֵי) מָסוֺס, Hi Gie Che Du Kit Marti and others

שֵׂחַ see שִׂיח

joy, mirth, rejoice, rejoiceth
māśôś
delight, concretely (the cause or object) or abstractly (the feeling)
  • exultation, joy, rejoicing

לִבֵּ ֔נוּ
לִבֵּ
Root word heart, hearts, midst, mind, understanding, …
֔נוּ
Suffix — pronoun our / us
Dictionary form: לֵב · labe

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of our heart
heart ×99 my heart ×37 his heart ×35 the heart ×32 thine heart ×28 their heart ×19 in heart ×17 in his heart ×16
More options
heart — Default rendering; covers emotion, will, and character.
mind — Prefer when context emphasizes thought or intention.
inner self — Highlights the whole interior person; good for reflective passages.
will — Use when volition or resolve is the primary nuance.
understanding — Suits wisdom or discernment contexts.
conscience — Fits passages about moral awareness or self-judgment.

BDB4295 H3820

BDB4294 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4296

לֵב599 noun masculine Prov 23:15 ( feminine Prov 12:25, from influence of נֶפֶשׁ see De Now) inner man, mind will, heart, absolute and construct לֵב Gen 8:21 + 239 t.; לֶבֿ Exod 15:8 + 15 t.; suffix לִבִּי Gen 24:45 + 102 t.; לִבְּךָ Exod 9:14 + 28 t.; לִבֶּ֑ךָ Judg 19:6 + 25 t.; לִבֵּךְ Isa 47:7 + 7 t.; לִבּוֺ Gen 6:5 + 93 t.; לִבָּהּ Judg 19:3 + 7 t.; לִ בֵּנוּ Isa 41:22 + 5 t.; לִבְּכֶם Gen 8:5 + 2 t.; לִבָּם Gen 42:28 + 56 t.; לִבָּן Exod 35:26 לִבְּהֶן Ezek 13:17 plural לִבּוֺת Ps 7:10; Prov 15:11 + 3 t. Proverbs; suffix לִבֹּתָם Isa 44:18 לִבּוֺתָם Ps 125:4. — inner part midst: I. seldom of things, בְּלֶביָֿם in the midst of the sea Exod 15:8; Prov 23:34; Prov 30:19 בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ps 46:3; Ezek 27:4; Ezek 27:25; Ezek 27:26; Ezek 27:27; Ezek 28:2; Ezek 28:8 בלב האלה 2Sam 18:14 בְּלֵב אֹיְבֵי in the midst of the enemies of Ps 45:2 (see BrMP on the passage; AV RV and others in the heart of). II. elsewhere of men:

1. the inner man in contrast with outer לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out Ps 84:3 || מעים Ps 22:15; Jer 4:19, the inner for outer מעים Jer 49:22 as within the breast על לב Exod 28:3; Exod 28:29; Exod 28:30 (twice in verse) (P); מלב 2Kgs 9:24 בלב Ps 37:15; 2Sam 18:14 סְגוֺד לִבָּם Hos 13:8 antithesis with בָּשָׂר Prov 14:30; Eccl 2:3 head Isa 1:5, face Ezek 14:3; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 arm Song 8:6 hands Ezek 22:14 bones Ps 102:5 eyes 1Kgs 9:3 (= 2Chr 7:16) Jer 22:17 ear Prov 22:17; Prov 23:12 mouth Ps 55:22 lips Isa 29:13 אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר I slept but my heart waked Song 5:2.
2. the inner man, indefinite, soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, with occasional emphasis of one or the other by means of certain verbs: בכל לב 1Kgs 8:23 (= 2Chr 6:14) Ps 9:2; Ps 119:2; Ps 119:10; Ps 119:34; Ps 119:58; Ps 119:69; Ps 119:145; Ps 138:1; Prov 3:5; Jer 3:10; Jer 24:7 עם לב 2Chr 24:4 (see לבב 2); כלב 2Sam 7:21 (= 1Chr 17:19) Jer 3:15 תַּעֲלֻמוֺת לֵב secrets of the heart Ps 44:22 לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר the heart of kings is unsearchable Prov 25:4 הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם Ps 33:15 etc.
3. specific reference to mind:
  a. מִלֵּב of one's own mind Num 16:28; Num 24:13 (JE) 1Kgs 12:33; Neh 6:8; Ezek 13:2; Ezek 13:17 חֲסַר לֵב destitute of mind Prov 6:32; Prov 7:7; Prov 9:4; Prov 9:16; Prov 10:13; Prov 10:21; Prov 11:12; Prov 12:11; Prov 15:21; Prov 17:18; Prov 24:30 לִבּוֺ חָסֵר Eccl 10:3 אֵין לֵב Jer 5:21; Hos 7:11 לב אין Prov 17:16 קנה לב get a mind Prov 15:32; Prov 19:8 כֹּחַ לב power of mind Job 36:5 רֹחַב לב breadth of mind 1Kgs 5:9, גנב לב 2Sam 15:6; Gen 31:20 (E? see לבב 3 a).
  b. knowledge, with ידע Deut 29:3; Prov 14:10; Prov 22:17; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 7:22; Eccl 7:25; Eccl 8:5; Eccl 8:16; Jer 24:7 ראה Ps 66:18; Eccl 1:16 חָכַם לב mind is wise Prov 23:15 לֵב חָכָם wise mind 1Kgs 3:12; Prov 16:23; Eccl 8:5 חֲכַם לֵב Exod 31:6; Exod 35:10; Exod 36:1; Exod 36:2; Exod 36:8 (P) Prov 10:8; Prov 11:29; Prov 16:21 חַכְמֵי לֵב Exod 28:3 (P) Job 37:24 חכמת לב Exod 35:25; Exod 35:35 (P); לב חכמים Eccl 7:4; Eccl 10:2 לב כסילים Prov 12:23; Prov 15:7; Eccl 7:4; Eccl 10:2 with חכמה Exod 36:2 (P) 1Kgs 10:24 (= 2Chr 9:23) Prov 2:10; Prov 17:16; Eccl 2:3 לֵב נָבוֺן intelligent mind Prov 14:33; Prov 15:14; Prov 18:15 with הבין Prov 8:5 תְּבוּנָה Prov 2:2 שָׂ֑כֶל Job 17:4 etc.
  c. thinking, reflection, with חשׁב Ps 140:3; Prov 16:9 מחשׁבות Gen 6:5 (J) Ps 33:11; Prov 6:18; Prov 19:21 compare Gen 8:21 (J); הגה muse, study Prov 15:28; Prov 24:2; Isa 33:18; Isa 59:13 הגיון Ps 19:15 הָגוּת Ps 49:4 שׂם לב set the mind, consider Isa 41:22; Ezek 44:5, with לְ 1Sam 9:20; 2Sam 13:20; Ezek 40:4; Ezek 44:5 אֶל Exod 9:21 (J) 1Sam 24:25; 2Sam 18:3 (twice in verse); Job 2:3; Job 34:14 עַל Job 1:8 שׁת לב Ps 62:10; Prov 22:17; Prov 24:32, with לְ Exod 7:23 (JE) 1Sam 4:20; Ps 48:14; Prov 27:23; Jer 31:21, אֶל Job 7:17.
  d. memory השׁיב אל לב call to mind Isa 44:19; Lam 3:21 על לב Isa 46:8 עלה על לב come into mind (occur to one) Isa 65:17; Jer 3:16; Jer 7:31; Jer 19:5; Jer 32:35 (compare Acts 7:23), so בא על לב 2Chr 7:11 שׂם על לב lay to heart Isa 42:25; Isa 47:7; Isa 57:1; Isa 57:11; Jer 12:11; Mal 2:2 (twice in verse); Dan 1:8 אל לב 2Sam 13:33; 2Sam 19:20 כתב על לב Jer 31:33 קשׁר על לב Prov 6:21 לוּחַ לֵב tablet of the memory Prov 3:3; Prov 7:3; Jer 17:1 נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵת מִלֵּב I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind Ps 31:13.
4. specific reference to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will; הכין לב set the mind 2Chr 12:14; Ps 10:17; Ps 78:8; Job 11:13 נכון לב Ps 57:8 (twice in verse) ( = Ps 108:2) Ps 78:37; Ps 112:7 נתן לב לְ Eccl 1:13; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 7:21; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 8:16; Prov 23:26; Dan 10:12 נתן אל לב Eccl 7:2; Eccl 9:1; Neh 2:12; Neh 7:5 (the 'heart' here not being the subject's), בלב Exod 35:34 (P) Ezra 7:27; Eccl 3:11 אֲשֶׁרנְֿשָׂאוֺ לִבּוֺ whose heart stirred him up Exod 35:21; Exod 36:2 compare Exod 35:26 (all P); נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Exod 35:5; Exod 35:22 (P) 2Chr 29:31 compare Exod 25:2; Exod 35:29 (P); נטה לב אחריּ inclined to follow Judg 9:3; Ps 119:112 הטה לב 1Kgs 11:3; Ps 119:36; Ps 141:4 compare 2Sam 15:13: — גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵילֵֿב great resolves of heart Judg 5:15 etc.
5. specific reference to conscience, וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֺ and David's heart (conscience) smote him 1Sam 24:6 מִכְשׁוֺל לֵב offence of conscience 1Sam 25:31.
6. specific reference to moral character, God tries the heart Ps 17:3; Jer 12:3 sees the heart and reins Jer 20:12, tries them Ps 7:10; Jer 11:20, refines them Ps 26:2 searches the heart and tries the reins Jer 17:10.
  a. ישֶׁרלִֿבִּי Job 33:3 יִשְׁרֵי לֵב Ps 7:11; Ps 11:2; Ps 32:11; Ps 36:11; Ps 64:11 (all with דָּוִד in title), Ps 94:15; Ps 97:11 לֵב שָׁלֵם 1Chr 28:9; 1Chr 29:9; Isa 38:3 (all originally לבב, see לבב 6 a); נִשְׁבְּרֵילֵֿב broken of heart Ps 34:19; Isa 61:1 לֵבנִֿשְׁבָּר Ps 51:19 שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Ps 147:3 לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isa 57:15 לֵב טָהוֺר clean heart Ps 51:12 לֵב חָדָשׁ new heart Ezek 18:21; Ezek 36:26 (probably also Ezek 11:19 for אֶחָד see Co) etc.
  b. לֵב רָע evil heart Prov 26:23 חַנְפֵילֵֿב godless in heart Job 36:13 עקּשׁ(י) לב perverse in heart Prov 11:20; Prov 17:20 תַּרְמִת לִבָּם deceit of their heart Jer 14:14; Jer 23:26 בלב ולב with a double heart Ps 12:3 etc.
  c. seat of pride Prov 21:4; Jer 48:29; Jer 49:16; Hos 13:6; Obad 1:3 גְּבַהּלֵֿב Prov 16:5 גֹּבַהּ לב 2Chr 32:26 גָּבַהּ לֵב 2Chr 26:16; 2Chr 32:25; Ps 131:1; Prov 18:12; Ezek 28:2; Ezek 28:17.
  d. the heart is uncircumcised Jer 9:25; Ezek 44:7 (twice in verse); Ezek 44:9 and hardened: חזּק לב Exod 4:21; Exod 10:20; Exod 10:27 (E), Exod 9:12; Exod 11:10; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:8; Exod 14:17 (P), Josh 11:20 (D2 ?); יֶחֱזַק לֵב Exod 7:13; Exod 7:22; Exod 8:15; Exod 9:35 (P); חִזְקֵילֵֿב Ezek 2:4 הקשׁה לב Exod 7:3 (P) Prov 28:14 קְשֵׁילֵֿב Ezek 3:7 הכביד לב Exod 8:11; Exod 8:28; Exod 9:34; Exod 10:1 (J); כָּבֵד לב Exod 7:14; Exod 9:7 (J); כּכּד לב 1Sam 6:6 הַשְׁמֵן לֵבהָֿעָם הַזֶה make the heart of this people fat Isa 6:10 (?); שְׁרִ(י)רוּת לֵב Deut 29:18; Ps 81:13 after Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 9:13; Jer 11:8; Jer 13:10; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12; Jer 23:17 לב האבן the heart of stone Ezek 11:19; Ezek 36:26 etc.
7. for the man himself, אמר בלב Gen 17:17 (P), Gen 27:41 (JE), 1Kgs 12:26; Esth 6:6; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1 ( = Ps 53:2) Ps 35:25; Ps 74:8; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18; Isa 47:10; Obad 1:3; Zech 12:5 אֶללֿב Gen 8:21 (J) 1Sam 27:1 דבּר בלב Eccl 2:15 אֶללֿב Gen 24:45 (J); עַל לב 1Sam 1:13 (?); עִם לב Eccl 1:16 נְאֻםפֶּֿשַׁע לָרָשָׁע בְּקֶרֶב לִבִּי Ps 36:2.
8. as seat of appetites, סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Gen 18:5 (J) Judg 19:5.
9. as seat of the emotions and passions:
  a. of joy and gladness, in various combinations of טוב, Judg 16:25; Judg 18:20; Judg 19:6; Judg 19:22; Ruth 3:7; 1Sam 25:36; 2Sam 13:28; 1Kgs 8:66 ( = 2Chr 7:10) 2Chr 21:7; Esth 1:10; Esth 5:9; Prov 15:15; Eccl 7:3; Eccl 9:7; Eccl 11:9; Isa 65:14 various combinations of שׂמח, Exod 4:14 (J) 1Chr 16:10 ( = Ps 105:3) Ps 4:8; Ps 16:9; Ps 19:9; Ps 33:21; Prov 15:13; Prov 15:30; Prov 17:22; Prov 27:9; Prov 27:11; Eccl 2:10 (twice in verse); Eccl 5:19; Song 3:11; Isa 24:7; Zech 10:7 שׂישׂ Ps 119:111; Isa 66:14; Lam 5:15 עלץ 1Sam 2:1 עלז Ps 28:7; Zeph 3:14 רנן Job 29:13 גיל Ps 13:6; Ps 24:17; Zech 10:7 of desire, Ps 21:3; Ps 37:4 דבּר עַל לֵב speak unto the heart (kindly) Gen 34:3; Gen 50:21 (JE) Judg 19:3; 2Sam 19:8; 2Chr 30:22; Isa 40:2; Hos 2:16; Ruth 2:13.
  b. of trouble 2Kgs 6:11; Isa 65:14, sorrow Neh 2:2; Prov 14:3, pain Ps 55:5. vexation Eccl 11:10, trembling Deut 28:65 (?) 1Sam 28:3, faintness Lam 5:17 it is wounded Ps 109:22 dies within one out of fear 1Sam 25:37 etc.; לב נמס the heart melteth (in fear) 2Sam 17:10; Ps 22:15; Ezek 21:12; Nah 2:11.
10. seat of courage: יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage Ps 27:14 אַמִּיץ לִבּוֺ Amos 2:16 אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Ps 76:6; Isa 46:12 לִבּוֺ יָצוּק כְּמוֺאֶֿבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Job 41:16 לִבוֺ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion 2Sam 17:10.

BDB4296 H3826 H3820

BDB4295 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4297

[לִבָּה] suffix לִבָּתֵךְ Ezek 16:30 should be corrected to לִבְרִיתֵךְ (see Co). > older view, as feminine of לֵבּ.

BDB7797 H7307 H5315 H3824 H1320 H3820

BDB7796 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7798

רוּחַ378 noun feminineGen 41:8 (less often masculineExod 10:13 +) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ׳ר Gen 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 construct רוּחַ Gen 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי vGen 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Ps 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת vPs 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jer 49:36, רוּחֹת Num 16:22; Num 26:16 (see Brרוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages); —

1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.):
  a. רוּחַ פִּיו Job 15:30 breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17 רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ Lam 4:20 (figurative of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jer 10:14 = Jer 51:17, Hab 2:19; Ps 135:17 compare Job 9:18.
  b. as mere breath: compare 2 e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words; נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jer 5:13.
  c. as word of command: (1) of God: (נעשׂו) בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּלֿ צְבָאָםPs 33:6, compare Isa 34:16 (|| פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isa 11:4.
  d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּח אַפּוֺ יִכְלוּ Job 4:9; Exod 15:8 (poem), 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16; Isa 30:28; Isa 59:19 (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isa 25:4.
  e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים breath of life Gen 6:17; Gen 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gen 7:22 (P); Ezek 37:5, compare vEzek 37:6 vEzek 37:8 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:10 vEzek 37:14 (breath or spirit), Eccl 3:19.
2. wind (117 t.):
  a. wind of heaven: Gen 8:1 (P) Exod 15:10 (E) Num 11:31 (J) 1Kgs 18:45 +, Jer 10:13, thence Jer 51:16; Ps 135:7 ׳רוּחַ י Hos 13:15; Isa 40:7, compare Job 26:13 (Di Bu); רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exod 10:13 (twice in verse); Exod 14:21 (J) Ps 48:8; Jer 18:17; Ezek 17:10; Ezek 19:12; Ezek 27:26; Jonah 4:8 צָפוֺן ׳ר north wind Prov 25:23 יָם ׳ר sea wind (west wind) Exod 10:19 (J); . הַיּוֺם ׳ר day wind, evening wind Gen 3:8 (J; compare Song 2:17; Song 4:6); אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jer 49:36; Ezek 37:9 (quarters?) Dan 8:8; Dan 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare b), Zech 2:10; Zech 6:5 רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Ps 107:25; Ps 148:8; Ezek 1:4 (סְעָרוֺת ׳ר), Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:13 רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Ps 55:9 (read possibly סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isa 11:15 (read ׳בְּעֹצֶם ר, see עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2Sam 22:11 = Ps 18:11; Ps 104:3, compare Hos 4:19; Ps 104:4.
  b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezek 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן vEzek 42:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם vEzek 42:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם vEzek 42:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת vEzek 42:20; 1Chr 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 on the sides.
  c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jer 14:6 רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.
  d. air, gas, from womb (dubious): כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isa 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Isa 33:11 (Du, 3 c).
  e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2 רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isa 41:29 רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 2:26; Eccl 4:4; Eccl 4:6; Eccl 6:9 compare Eccl 1:17; Eccl 4:16; Eccl 5:15.
3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):
  a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1Kgs 10:5 = 2Chr 9:4 מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1Kgs 21:5 וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gen 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judg 15:19; 1Sam 30:12.
  b. courage: ׳לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר Josh 5:1 נְגִידִים ׳יִבְצֹר ר Ps 76:13 מִצְרַיִם ׳וְנָָֽבְקָה ר Isa 19:3 תתעטּף רוּחִי Ps 77:4; Ps 142:4; Ps 143:4 לֹא קָמָה ׳עוֺד ר Josh 2:11 אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ׳ר Prov 18:14.
  c. temper, especially anger: ׳רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו Judg 9:23 אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judg 8:3 משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Prov 16:32, compare Prov 25:28; Prov 29:11; Job 15:13 הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zech 6:8; Eccl 7:9; Eccl 10:4.
  d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exod 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of ׳י) Mic 2:7 קְצַררֿוּחַ Prov 14:29 (|| אֶרֶךְ אַפַיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, compare vJob 32:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4 ׳הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י Mic 2:7 ׳אֶרֶךְ ר Eccl 7:8.
  e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(וׅ (his) spirit was troubled Gen 41:8 (E) Dan 2:3, compare vDan 2:1 מֹרַת רוּחַ Gen 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; ׳עֲצוּבַת ר Isa 54:6, compare Ezek 3:14; Job 6:4. feminine as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezek 21:12, compare Isa 61:3; Prov 15:4; Prov 15:13; Prov 17:22; Prov 18:14; Ps 143:7.
  g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1Chr 5:26 (twice in verse); 2Chr 21:16; 2Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 1:5; Jer 51:11; Hag 1:14 (3 t. in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח2Kgs 19:7 = Isa 37:7; Num 14:24 (J; see עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15 (twice in verse); Mal 2:16; Deut 2:30 רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hos 4:12; Hos 5:4 רוּחַ עִוְעִיםIsa 19:14 רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6 אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Gen 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Prov 17:27.
  h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹNum 27:18 (P; or g, as Gen 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע2Kgs 2:15, compare v2Kgs 2:9 רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isa 19:14) Isa 29:10; Mic 2:11 רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zech 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezek 13:3.
4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):
  a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֺ Zech 12:1 רוּחַ אֱלוֺהַּ בְּאַפִּי Job 27:3, compare Isa 42:5.
  b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Job 10:12, compare Job 12:10 אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֺת Prov 16:2.
  c. it is therefore God's spirit: Gen 6:3 (J; see דִּין near the end).
  d. it departs at death: Ps 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Isa 38:16 (Di principle of life), Ps 146:4 especially Ps 104:29; Ps 104:30; Job 17:1; Job 34:14 (compare vJob 34:15), Isa 57:16; Eccl 8:8 (twice in verse) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֺדֵעַ מַהדֶּֿרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Eccl 11:5, compare Eccl 3:21 over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ Eccl 12:7 בְּיָָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Ps 31:6.
  e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַלפָּֿנַי יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.
5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:
  a. desire (possibly 3 g), Isa 26:9 (|| נֶפֶשׁ).
  b. sorrow, trouble (probably 3 e), Job 7:11 (|| נֶפֶשׁ). — 1Sam 1:15 see קָשֶׁה.
6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, || לֵב, or synonym with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exod 28:3; Deut 34:9 (both P; probably 3 g); תּעֵי רוּחַ Isa 29:24, compare Job 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job's words), Ps 77:7 (ᵐ5 Symm ᵑ6 Jerome troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Isa 40:13 come into mind (compare לֵב Isa 65:17; Jer 3:16 +); 1Chr 28:12.
7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֺן לֵב Ps 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֺן Ps 57:8 (twice in verse) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה vPs 51:14 נָָֽדְבָה רוּחוֺ Exod 35:21 (P; compare נְדִיב לֵב Exod 35:5; Exod 35:22 (P) 2Chr 29:31).
8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = ׃לֵב רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁהEzek 11:19; Ezek 18:31; Ezek 36:26 רוּחִי vEzek 36:27; Isa 59:21 (רוּחִי, || דְּבָרַי; but probably prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezek 18:31; Ezek 36:26 נְכֵה רוּחַ Isa 66:2 דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Ps 34:19 (compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isa 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Isa 65:14 (compare 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה Ps 51:19 (|| לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב Ps 34:19; Isa 61:1); Ps 32:2; Prov 11:13; Prov 16:18; Ps 78:8; Eccl 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּלֵב Prov 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Prov 16:19; Prov 29:23; Isa 57:15 רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים vIsa 57:15 (compare 3 f).
9. spirit of God (94 t.; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):
  a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Num 11:17; Num 11:25 (twice in verse); Num 11:26; Num 11:29 (J), 1Sam 10:6; 1Sam 10:10 (compare v1Sam 10:5), 1Sam 19:20; 1Sam 19:23 as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ׳ר 1Sam 16:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 16:16, = ׳רָעָה מֵאֵת י ׳ר v1Sam 16:14 = רָעָה ׳א ׳צלח ר 1Sam 18:10 (other narrative) = רָעָה ׳י ׳ר 1Sam 19:9 ׳א ׳ר 1Sam 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v1Sam 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ 1Kgs 22:21 = שֶׁקֶר ׳ר v1Kgs 22:22 v1Kgs 22:23 = 2Chr 18:20; 2Chr 18:21; 2Chr 18:22 = ׳רוּחַ י 1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23 compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, || הַנָּבִּיא Hos 9:7 ׳רוּחַ י Mic 3:8 (|| בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Isa 30:1 רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:12; Ezek 3:14; Ezek 3:24; Ezek 8:3; Ezek 11:1; Ezek 11:5; Ezek 11:24 (Co gloss), Ezek 37:1; Ezek 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah 1Kgs 18:12; 2Kgs 2:16.
  b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably Num 24:2; 2Sam 23:2; 1Chr 12:18 elsewhere in Chronicles: 2Chr 15:1; 2Chr 20:14; 2Chr 24:20 distinctly in Isa2, Isa 48:16, compare Isa 61:1 so of ancient prophets, Zech 7:12; Neh 9:30 compare, of future prophetic gift, Joel 3:1; Joel 3:2.
  c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מוֺשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על ׳י Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29, compare Judg 6:34; Judg 13:25; Judg 14:6; Judg 14:19; Judg 15:14; 1Sam 11:6; 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 16:14 so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isa 32:15 (2) resting upon Messianic king: Isa 11:2 (3 t. in verse); upon servant of ׳י, Isa 42:1.
  d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Exod 31:3; Exod 35:31 (P); understanding Job 32:8 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Prov 1:23.
  e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gen 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to בָשָׂר: Isa 31:3 in cherubic chariot: Ezek 1:12, compare vEzek 1:20 vEzek 1:21; Ezek 10:17 reviving Israel Ezek 39:29; Zech 12:10; Isa 44:3. feminine = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: קָדְשׁוֺ ׳ר Isa 63:10; Isa 63:11 = ׳י ׳ר vIsa 63:14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו vIsa 63:9), compare Ps 106:33 so also קָדְשְׁךָ ׳ר Ps 51:13 (in national prayer), compare Neh 9:20; Ps 143:10 prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Hag 2:5; Zech 4:6 this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Ps 139:7 (|| פָּנֶיךָ; compare vPs 139:8).

BDB9636 H3820 H3821

BDB9635 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9637

[לֵב] noun [masculine] id. (Biblical Hebrew id.; so ᵑ7 Syriac; Egyptian Aramaic, Lzb301 = Cooke76 A 6); — suffix לִבִּי Dan 7:28.

heart, hearts, midst, mind, understanding, …
lēb
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
  • inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
    • inner part, midst
      • midst (of things)
        • "heart (of man)"soul, heart (of man)"mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory"inclination, resolution, determination (of will)"conscience"heart (of moral character)"as seat of appetites"as seat of emotions and passions"as seat of courage

נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ
נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ
Root word turned, turn, overthrow, overthrown, overthrew, …
Dictionary form: הָפַךְ · haw-PAHK

Verb — Niphal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: is turned
is turned ×8 turned ×8 was turned ×5 are turned ×4 he turned ×3 turn ×3 and i will overthrow ×2 be turned ×2
More options
turn — Broadest, most versatile rendering; fits most contexts.
overturn — Prefer for dramatic destruction or reversal of power.
transform — Use when identity or nature changes fundamentally.
reverse — Good for abstract or situational reversals of direction/fate.
overthrow — Best for violent toppling of cities, peoples, or rulers.
flip — Vivid, colloquial; suits physical turning upside down.

BDB2211 H2015

BDB2210 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2212

הָפַךְ verb turn, overturn (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic הֲפַךְ, , Arabic WSG 47, Assyrian abâku, apâku DlW) —

Qal Perfect Lev 13:3 + 13 t.; וְהָפַךְ consecutive 2Kgs 21:13; Job 34:25 3 masculine plural הָֽפְכוּ Ps 78:9 הֲפַכְתֶּם Amos 6:12; Jer 23:36, etc.; Imperfect יַהֲפֹךְ Lam 3:3; Jer 13:23 וַיַּהֲפֹךְ Gen 19:25 + 6 t.; וַיַּהֲפָךְֿ 1Sam 10:9 suffix וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ Judg 7:13 3 feminine singular וַתַּהֲפֹךְ 2Chr 9:12 אֶהְפֹּךְ Zeph 3:9 וַיַּהַפְכוּ 1Sam 25:12; Job 12:15 Imperative הֲפֹךְ 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33 Infinitive absolute הָפוֺךְ Prov 12:7 construct הֲפֹךְ Gen 19:29; 1Chr 19:3 suffix הָפְכִּי Gen 19:21 הָפְכָהּ 2Sam 10:3 — on הַפְכְּכֶם (so Baer, q. v.) Isa 29:16, see הֶפֶךְ; Participle active הֹפֵךְ Amos 5:8 הַהֹפְכִי Ps 114:8 plural הַהֹפְכִים Amos 5:7 passive הֲפוּכָה Hos 7:8; Lam 4:6. —
1. transitive
  a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף) Josh 7:8 (JE); a dish (צַלַּחַת) עַלפָּֿנֶיהָ 2Kgs 21:13 the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33; 2Kgs 9:23 but also (followed by בְּ) of hostility Lam 3:3 turn a cake (passive) Hos 7:8 of ׳י, שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה ׳ה Zeph 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by אֶלעַֿמִּים; לֵב אַחֵר 1Sam 10:9 another heart, followed by לוֺ; turn a wind (רוּחַ; i.e. bring from different quarter) Exod 10:19 (J).
  b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc., Gen 19:21; Gen 19:25; Gen 19:29 (J), Deut 29:22; Jer 20:16; Lam 4:6 (compare ׳מַהְפֵּכַת וגו Amos 4:11 see below; also הֲפֵכָה, [מַהְפֵּכָה]); city of Ammon 2Sam 10:3 = 1Chr 19:3 (object omitted); mountains Job 9:5; Job 28:9 throne Hag 2:22 (|| הִשְׁמִיד), chariots vHag 2:22 tent (אֹהֶל), לְמַ֫עְלָה ׳ה Judg 7:3 object earth (׳ה = devastate) Job 12:15 wicked men Amos 4:11 (יֲמֹרָה הָפַכְּתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶתסְֿדֹם וְאֶתֿ) Prov 12:7; Job 34:25 (object omitted).
  c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative = alter; a colour (עֵינוֺ) Lev 13:55 (P); skin Jer 13:33 bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֺ see ׳מ; Che his lying down) Ps 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert דִבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים Jer 23:36 (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive Ps 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, followed by two accusative Lev 13:10; Ps 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative + לְ, Ps 66:6 sea into dry land, Ps 78:44 rivers into blood, compare Ps 105:29; Jer 31:13 mourning into joy, so Ps 30:12; Amos 5:7 justice into wormwood, compare Amos 6:12; Amos 8:10 feasts into mourning; Deut 23:6 = Neh 13:2 curse into blessing; Amos 5:8 death-shade into morning.
2. intransitive
  a. turn, turn back, Judg 20:39; Judg 20:41; 2Kgs 5:26; Ps 78:9; 2Chr 9:12 followed by לדרך 1Sam 25:12
  b. turn = change, change into, followed by predicate adjective לָבָן ׳ה turn white Lev 13:3; Lev 13:4; Lev 13:13; Lev 13:20 (all P). Niph`al Perfect נֶהְפַּךְ Exod 7:15 + 10 t.; נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ Job 20:14 וְנֶהְפַּךְ consecutive Lev 13:16 נֶהֶפְכָה Lam 5:2 3 masculine plural נֶהְפְּכוּ Job 19:19 + 3 t., נֶהֶפְכוּ 1Sam 4:19; Dan 10:16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ consecutive Exod 7:17; Isa 34:9, etc.; Imperfect יֵהָפֵךְ Isa 60:5; Joel 3:4 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ Exod 14:5; Isa 63:10 2 masculine singular תֵּהָפֵךְ Job 30:21; Ezek 4:8 וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ Exod 7:20 Infinitive absolute נַהֲפוֺךְ Esth 9:1 Participle נֶהְפָּךְ Prov 17:20 נֶהְפָּ֑כֶת Jonah 3:4 —
1. reflexive & intrans.
  a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare Qal 2 a) Josh 8:20 (JE); turn aside Ps 78:57 turn from side to side Ezek 4:8 pains turned upon (עַל) her 1Sam 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare Dan 10:16 turn against followed by בְּ Job 19:19 turn to (ward), followed by עַל, Isa 60:5 (|| בא לְ).
  b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective Lev 13:25 (P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Jer 2:21 no predicate expressed Job 20:14 (compare vb); of heart turned in compassion Hos 11:8 (|| נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י), in sorrow, distress, Lam 1:20 of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (followed by אֶל) Exod 14:5 (J) = change of mind; followed by לְ, of plague spots changing colour Lev 13:16; Lev 13:17 (P); rod changing to serpent Exod 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Jer 30:6 dance to mourning Lam 5:15 comeliness to corruption Dan 10:8 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֺיֵב Isa 63:10; Job 30:21.
  c. be perverse, only participle used substantive נֶהְפָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ Prov 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue.
2. passive,
  a. be turned, turned over to followed by לְ, an inheritance to strangers Lam 5:2.
  b. be reversed Esth 9:1.
  c. be turned, changed, followed by לְ, waters into blood Exod 7:17; Exod 7:20 (E); Saul into another man 1Sam 10:6 streams into pitch Isa 34:9 sun to darkness Joel 3:4 stones to chaff Job 41:20 month changed from sorrow to gladness Esth 9:22 compare Ps 32:4 where complement omitted
  d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jonah 3:4.
  e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Job 28:5 = there is an upturning. Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּתְהַפֵּךְ Job 38:14 Participle מִתְהַפֵּךְ Judg 7:13; Job 37:12 מִתְהַפֶּכֶת Gen 3:24 — reflexive & intransitive:
1. turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword Gen 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Job 37:12 turn over & over Judg 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.
2. transform oneself, Job 38:14 of earth under rising dawn. Hoph`al Perfect הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֺת Job 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ vJob 30:14, of foes).

turned, turn, overthrow, overthrown, overthrew, …
hāpak
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
  • to turn, overthrow, overturn
    • (Qal)
      • to overturn, overthrow
        • "to turn, turn about, turn over, turn around"to change, transform
      (Niphal)
      • to turn oneself, turn, turn back
        • "to change oneself"to be perverse"to be turned, be turned over, be changed, be turned against"to be reversed"to be overturned, be overthrown"to be upturned
      (Hithpael)
      • to transform oneself
        • "to turn this way and that, turn every way
      (Hophal) to turn on someone

לְ אֵ֖בֶל
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
אֵ֖בֶל
Root word mourning
Dictionary form: אֵבֶל · ay-BEL

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: into mourning
mourning ×8 and mourning ×2 into mourning ×2 of mourning ×2 a mourning ×1 and from mourning ×1 and when the mourning ×1 it as the mourning ×1
More options
grief — Broad, emotionally rich; suits personal loss contexts.
mourning — Modernized KJV form; retains ritual/communal connotation.
lamentation — Formal register; fits poetic or liturgical passages.
bereavement — Emphasizes loss of a person; more clinical/modern tone.
sorrow — Softer, more internal; good for emotional rather than ritual focus.
grieving — Verbal-noun feel; suits active, ongoing expressions of loss.

BDB51 H60

BDB50 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB52

אֵ֫בֶל noun masculineGen 50:11 mourning — absolute Gen 50:10 + 17 t.; construct Gen 27:41 + 3 t.; אֶבְלֵךְ Isa 60:20 אֶבְלָם Jer 31:13 — for dead, construct Gen 27:41; Deut 34:8 (|| בּכי) so יָחִיד ׳א simile for grievous mourning Amos 8:10, id. metaphor Jer 6:26 (|| מִסְפַּד תַּמְרוּרִים); Gen 50:11 (twice in verse); Jer 16:7 compare 2Sam 19:3 ׳עשה א Ezek 24:17 (see Co) followed by לְ Gen 50:10 (see also II. אָבֵל near the end); for calamity, Esth 4:3; Esth 9:22 (|| יָגוֺן; contracted יוֺם טוֺב) Job 30:31 (|| קול בכים Isa 60:20; Isa 61:3 (where apparently = mourning garb, followed by מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה, see also Bi Che on text.; || רוּחַ כֵּהָה; contracted שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֺן); Jer 31:13 (|| שׂשׂון), Lam 5:15 (|| מָחוֺל), Amos 5:16 (|| מִסְפֵּד); compare כִּבְנוֺת יַעֲנָה ׳א Mic 1:8 = time, period of mourning 2Sam 11:7 ׳בֵּית א Eccl 7:2 (|| ׳בּ מִשְׁתֶּה, vEccl 7:4 (|| שִׂמְחָה ׳בּ); ׳בִּגְדֵי א garments of mourning 2Sam 14:2.

אֵבֶל מִצְרַיִם see ׳אָבֵל מ below II. אבל.

mourning
ʾēbel
lamentation
  • mourning
    • for the dead
      • "for rites of mourning (metaphorically)"mourning garb"period of mourning

מְחֹלֵֽ נוּ
מְחֹלֵֽ
Root word dance, dances, dancing
נוּ
Suffix — pronoun our / us
Dictionary form: מָחוֹל · maw-HOLE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: our dance
in the dance ×2 and dance ×1 in the dances ×1 into dancing ×1 our dance ×1
More options
dancing — Broadest, most natural modern rendering in most contexts.
dance — Prefer as a noun when referring to a specific event or act.
celebration dance — Highlights communal, festive character of the activity.
ritual dance — Use when the context is worship or religious ceremony.
whirling dance — Captures the likely circular, spinning motion of the Hebrew root.

BDB2619 H4234

BDB2618 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2620

מָחוֺל noun masculineLam 5:15 dance; — absolute׳מ Ps 30:12 + 3 t.; construct מְחוֺל Jer 31:4 מְחוֺלֵנוּ Lam 5:15 — dance, token of joyousness Ps 30:12 (opposed to מספד), Jer 31:4; Jer 31:13 (compare vb), Lam 5:15 (opposed to אֵבֶּל); act of praise to ׳י Ps 149:3; Ps 150:4 accompanied by timbrel (תֹּף) and sometimes other instruments Ps 149:3; Ps 149:4; Jer 31:13.

dance, dances, dancing
māḥôl
a (round) dance
  • dance, dancing

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
שָׁבַת֙ Pashta — a lesser break מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ לִבֵּ֔נוּ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְאֵ֖בֶל Tipeha — a lesser break מְחֹלֵֽנוּ Silluq — end of the verse

שָׁבַת מְשׂוֹשׂ לִבֵּנוּ נֶהְפַּךְ לְאֵבֶל מְחֹלֵֽנוּ׃
15
The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning.
Cross References

Amos 8:10

וְהָפַכְתִּי חַגֵּיכֶם לְאֵבֶל וְכָל-שִֽׁירֵיכֶם לְקִינָה וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל-כָּל-מָתְנַיִם שָׂק וְעַל-כָּל-רֹאשׁ קָרְחָה וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כְּאֵבֶל יָחִיד וְאַחֲרִיתָהּ כְּיוֹם מָֽר׃
10
And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.

Jeremiah 25:10

וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי מֵהֶם קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן וְקוֹל שִׂמְחָה קוֹל חָתָן וְקוֹל כַּלָּה קוֹל רֵחַיִם וְאוֹר נֵֽר׃
10
Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle.

James 4:9

ταλαιπωρήσατε καὶ πενθήσατε καὶ κλαύσατε ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μεταστραφήτω καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν
9
Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your be laughter turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.

Amos 6:4

הַשֹּֽׁכְבִים עַל-מִטּוֹת שֵׁן וּסְרֻחִים עַל-עַרְשׂוֹתָם וְאֹכְלִים כָּרִים מִצֹּאן וַעֲגָלִים מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּֽק׃
4
That lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves upon their couches, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall;

Psalms 30:11

הָפַכְתָּ מִסְפְּדִי לְמָחוֹל לִי פִּתַּחְתָּ שַׂקִּי וַֽתְּאַזְּרֵנִי שִׂמְחָֽה׃
11
Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing: thou hast put off my sackcloth, and girded me with gladness;
Lamentations 5:14
Read Lamentations 5
Lamentations 5:16