Leviticus 5:8

וְהֵבִ֤יא אֹתָם֙ אֶל הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִקְרִ֛יב אֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַֽחַטָּ֖את רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֑ה וּמָלַ֧ק אֶת רֹאשׁ֛וֹ מִמּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א יַבְדִּֽיל
And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ הֵבִ֤יא
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הֵבִ֤יא
Root word come, came, brought, bring, in, …
Dictionary form: בּוֹא · boh

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and he shall bring
came ×247 come ×144 and came ×99 shall come ×65 and brought ×55 cometh ×44 and they came ×38 brought ×37
More options
come — Most neutral, widely applicable rendering for this lemma.
go — Use when motion is away from the speaker's reference point.
enter — Prefer when crossing a threshold or boundary is in view.
bring — Use for causative or hiphil stems involving conveying something.
arrive — Emphasizes reaching a destination; good for narrative climax.
approach — Highlights drawing near; suitable for formal or ceremonial contexts.

BDB946 H935

BDB945 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB947

בּוֺא2569 verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bâ'u HptKAT 499, Ethiopic Arabic return) —

Qal Perfect בָּא Gen 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּ֫אָה Gen 15:17 +; suffix בָּאַתְנוּ Ps 44:18 2 masculine singular בָּ֫אתָ Josh 13:1 +, בָּ֫אתָה 2Sam 3:7 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Gen 16:8; Ruth 2:12, וּבָאתְ consecutive Ruth 3:4; 2Sam 14:3; Mic 4:10 3 plural בָּאוּ Gen 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Gen 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1Sam 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֺא Gen 32:9 +, יָבאֹ Gen 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֺא Gen 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֺאָֽתְךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Köi. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֺא Gen 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֺאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֺא Gen 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹ֫אָה Judg 15:1, אָב֫וֺאָה Gen 29:21 +, וַתָּבאֹתִי 1Sam 25:34 (Qr וַתָּבאֹת, but text probably wrong, see Köi. 647 Dr, read וַתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֺאוּ Gen 6:20 +, also (by text error) בּאֹוּ Jer 27:18 compare Köi. 645, יְבאֹ֑וּן Ps 95:11 suffix יְבאֹוּנִי Ps 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי vPs 119:41 3 feminine plural תָּבאֹןָ Gen 30:38, תָּבוֺאנָה 1Sam 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֶינָה 1Sam 10:7; Ps 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֺא, בּאֹ Gen 7:1 +, בֹּ֫אָה 1Sam 20:21; 1Kgs 13:7, בּ֫וֺאִי, בֹּ֫אִי 2Sam 13:11 +; masculine plural בּ֫אֹוּ Gen 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֺא, בּאֹ Gen 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֺאִי Gen 48:5 +, בּוֺאֲךָ 1Sam 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Gen 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Gen 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Gen 30:88 compare Ezek 42:12 (where Co for בְּבוֺאָן reads לבוא להנה); Participle בָּא Gen 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָ֫ה Gen 29:6 +, הַבָּ֫אָה Gen 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew§ 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Gen 18:11 +; construct בָּאֵי Gen 23:10 feminine absolute בָּאוֺת Gen 41:29 (see further on forms Köi. 643 f.); —
1. come in, followed by אֶל Gen 6:18; Gen 7:9; Gen 7:13, followed by בְּ Gen 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezek 2:2; Ezek 37:10, followed by לְ Esth 6:4, followed by ָ  ה locative Gen 12:11; Gen 41:57; Num 14:24, followed by accusative (בוֺת) Judg 18:18; 2Kgs 11:19 compare Ps 100:4 (שַׁעֲרָיו), & בָּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֺ Gen 23:10; Gen 23:18 even of life-less things 2Kgs 18:21, וּבָא בְכַפּוֺ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶלֿ) Dan 10:3 compare Gen 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Num 5:22; Num 5:24; Num 5:27 absolute Gen 7:16; Gen 24:31; 1Kgs 1:42; 1Kgs 14:6 compare 2Kgs 11:5; 2Kgs 11:9 = 2Chr 23:4; 2Chr 23:8 +; more particular
  a. opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצֿאם או בהאם Hal152) Josh 6:1; 2Kgs 11:8 = 2Chr 23:7 especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deut 28:6; Deut 28:19; Zech 8:10; Ps 121:8 id. + ישׁב 2Kgs 19:27 also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Num 27:17; 2Chr 1:10 compare 1Kgs 3:7 of leading an army 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16 compare also Josh 14:11 see further Deut 31:2; 1Sam 29:6 & below
  c. below
  b. of taking part in worship of congregation Deut 23:2; Deut 23:3 (twice in verse); Deut 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exod 28:29; Exod 28:35; Lev 16:23 (all followed by אֶלֿ), Exod 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יהוה), Lev 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +. with of entering on official duty 2Kgs 11:9 = 2Chr 23:8; 1Chr 27:1 (all opposed to יצא). d. of bride coming into her husband's house Josh 15:18 = Judg 1:14. e. of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Late Hebrew בִּיאָה coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RSK 90, 167, 291) Judg 15:1 אֶלאִֿשְׁתִּי הֶחָ֑דְרָה, Judg 16:1; Gen 6:4; Gen 16:2; Gen 30:3; Gen 38:8: Gen 38:9; Gen 39:14; Deut 22:13; 2Sam 12:24; 2Sam 16:21; 2Sam 20:3; Ezek 23:44 (3 t. in verse); Prov 6:29 (all followed by אֶלֿ); followed by עַלֿ Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 יָבאֹ עָלָיהָ וּלְקָחָהּ לוֺ לְאִשָּׁה compare בָּאֶיהָ Prov 2:19 — subject rarely woman Gen 19:34; 2Sam 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Josh 23:7; Josh 23:12 compare Gen 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבאֹ נַפְשִׁי (אַלתֵּֿחַד || בִּקְהָלָם).
  g. of entering into specific relations, בְאָלָה ׳בּ, בִבְרִית ׳בּ (see אלה, ברית); בּוֺא בְדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1Sam 25:26.
  h. of burial, אֶלקֶֿבֶר ׳בּ 1Kgs 13:22; 1Kgs 14:13 compare תָּבוֺא אֶלאֲֿבוֺתֶיךָ Gen 15:15 (|| תִּקָּבֵר).
  i. of sun, set (go in, enter, compare As êrib šanši COT Gen 19:23 opposed to יצא go forth, rise) Gen 15:12; Gen 15:17; Gen 28:11; Exod 17:12; Exod 22:25; Lev 22:7; Deut 16:6; Deut 23:12; Deut 24:13; Deut 24:15; Deut 10:13; Deut 10:27; Deut 2:24; Deut 3:35; Deut 1:36; Deut 18:34 so also figurative Jer 15:9 of calamity בּאה שִׁמְשָׁהּ בְּעוֺד יוֺמָם (|| אֻמְלְלָה יֹלֶדֶת הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isa 60:20; Mic 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עַלהַֿנְּבִיאִים ׳וּב of ignorance and confusion. j. of harvest, come in = be gathered Lev 25:22 (compare תְּבוּאָה); so of revenue (income) 1Kgs 10:14 = 2Chr 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יצא be expended.
  k. in other phrases: וַתָּבאֹ הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֺר 2Kgs 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Ps 105:18 בַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֺ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; ᵑ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Gen 24:1; Josh 13:1; Josh 23:1 (all || זָקֵן); on 1Sam 17:12 see Dr.
2. come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Gen 16:8; 1Sam 20:21 (compare v1Sam 20:22) Neh 6:17; Eccl 5:14; Eccl 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶלֿ person or of thing Gen 14:7; Gen 37:23 followed by עַלֿ Exod 18:23; 2Chr 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Lev 21:11; Num 6:6 followed by לְ 1Sam 9:12; 2Chr 29:17 followed by עַד Num 13:22; Judg 15:14; 2Sam 16:5 compare בָּאוּ בָנִים עַדמַֿשְׁבֵּר 2Kgs 19:3 = Isa 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2Kgs 9:20 בָּא עַד אֲלֵיהֶם; followed by ָ  ה locative Judg 11:16; 2Kgs 6:4 followed by accusative 1Sam 4:12; 2Kgs 8:7; Jer 32:24 compare also Lam 1:4 בָּאֵי מוֺעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Gen 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of ׳י 1Sam 4:6 wind Job 1:19 so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלָ֑י Gen 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Num 32:19 (with אֶלֿ); so 1Sam 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Gen 18:21; Exod 3:9; Lam 1:22 of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isa 39:6 = 2Kgs 20:17; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:24; Jer 16:14; Jer 19:6 compare also 1Sam 26:10; Ezek 7:7 +; of day of ׳י Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:2; Mal 3:19; Mal 3:23 also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Eccl 2:16 compare Jer 47:4 as substantive הַבָּאוֺת Isa 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isa 27:6 particular
  a. come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֺא בֵיתְךָ בְעוֺלוֺת ׃בְּ Ps 66:13 ׳אָבוֺא בִּגְבֻרוֺת אדני י Ps 71:16 (|| אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָֽתְךָ) so Lev 16:3 & perhaps Prov 18:6 — compare בְּ III. 1. b. b. come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַלֿ Gen 34:27; 1Sam 11:12 compare Gen 32:9 (followed by אֶלֿ); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezek 32:11 of calamity, etc. Prov 10:24; Prov 28:22; Ps 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 (|| אתה with suffix) Isa 47:9 (|| בוא על); of blessing, followed by עַלֿ Josh 23:15 followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Ps 119:41; Ps 77.
  c. come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deut 13:3; Josh 23:14; 1Sam 9:6 (בּאֹ יָבאֹ) Isa 42:9; Jer 28:9; Prov 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
  d. Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lam 1:22 above & 2Chr 7:11 (where בוא for usual עלה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
  e. in phrase עַדבּֿוֺאֲךָ עַזָּה Judg 6:4 compare Judg 11:33; 1Sam 17:52; 2Sam 5:25; 1Kgs 18:46 (עַדבֹּֿאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בּוֺאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Gen 10:19 (twice in verse); Gen 10:30; Gen 13:10; Gen 25:18; 1Sam 27:8 (all followed by ָ  ה locative) 1Sam 15:7 so לְבאֹ חֲמָת Num 13:21; Num 34:8; Ezek 48:1, compare Ezek 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֺא אפרתה Gen 35:16; Gen 48:7); ׳עַד לְבוֺא ח Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, compare 1Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:8; Ezek 47:20 ׳מִלְּבוֺא ח Amos 6:14; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 14:25; 2Chr 7:8 of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֺא בְּאֵר לַחַי רֹאִיGen 24:62 (but text dubious) feminine attain to וְעַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא 2Sam 23:19 = 1Chr 11:21.
  g. be enumerated הַבָּאִים בְּשֵׁמוֺת, literally those coming with names 1Chr 4:38.
3. go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Ps 26:4, so with אֵת Prov 22:24 (compare הלך את Prov 13:20 & התהלך את Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9).
4. go (compare הלך) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isa 22:15 לָךְבּֿאֹ אֶלֿ, so Ezek 3:4; Ezek 3:11; Gen 45:17 וּלְכוּבֿאֹוּ אַרְצָה כְּנָ֑עַן; 1Sam 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָלְֿךָ אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isa 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֳנִיָּה בָּאָה תַרְשִׁישׁ a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבאֹוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Num 32:6. Hiph`il Perfect הֵבִיא Gen 4:4 +; suffix הֱבִיאַנִי Deut 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵיאתָ Isa 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Gen 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֲבִיאֹתַנִי 2Sam 7:18; 1Chr 17:16, הֲבִיאֹתָנוּ Num 16:14, הֲבֵתָנוּ Ps 66:11 1 singular הֵבֵאתִי Gen 31:39 +, והבאותי Jer 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִי); suffix וַהֲבִיאוֺתִיךָ Ezek 38:16 +, הֲבֵאתִיהָ Isa 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Gen 43:2 +; suffix הֱבִיאוּהוּ 2Chr 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֲבֵאתֶם Num 20:4 +; וַהֲבִיאֹתֶם 1Sam 16:17 1 plural suffix הֲבִיאֹנֻם Num 32:17 Imperfect (יָבִא) יָבִיא Lev 4:32 +, וַיָּבֵא Gen 2:19 +; suffix וַיְבִיאֵנִי Ezek 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3 suffix תְּבִיאֵהוּ Jer 13:1, וַתְּבִיאֵם Neh 9:23, תְּבִאֵֹמוֺ Exod 15:17, אָבִיא Exod 11:1 + (אָבִי 1Kgs 21:29; Mic 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבֵא Gen 43:16; Exod 4:6, הָבֵיא 1Sam 20:40, הָבִיאָה Gen 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2Sam 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבֵא Hag 1:6 construct הָבִיא Gen 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exod 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1Kgs 21:21 + 3 t., מְבִיאֲךָ Deut 8:7 plural מְבִיאִים (מְבִאִים) 1Kgs 10:25 +; construct מְבִאֵי Jer 17:26, מְבִיאֶיהָ Dan 11:6 —
1. cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals), followed by אֶלֿ Gen 6:19; Song 2:4; Song 3:4 followed by בְּ Lev 26:41; Ps 66:11 followed by לְ Judg 19:21; 1Sam 9:22 followed by לִפְנֵי Esth 1:11; Esth 1:17 followed by ָ  ה locative Gen 24:67; Gen 46:7 followed by הָ֯ + אֶלֿ Gen 19:10, followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song 1:4; 2Kgs 9:2 also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶלֿ Num 31:54; Mal 3:10 followed by בְּ Jer 17:21 send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lam 3:13 compare Lev 26:36 of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezek 37:5 (Co על); followed by לְ Neh 13:12 followed by ָ  ה locative Exod 26:33; 2Kgs 20:20 וַיָּבֵא אֶתהַֿמַּיִם הָעִ֑ירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2Sam 13:10 also 2Chr 15:18 (בֵּית); absolute 2Sam 6:17 particular
  a. opposed to הוֺצִיא (bring out) Deut 9:28 (followed by אֶלֿ); especially in combination with הוֺצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Num 27:17; 1Chr 11:2.
  b. bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הַחוּץ) Judg 12:9 (opposed to שִׁלַּח הַחוּצָה).
  c. bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָבִיא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עִמָּ֑ךְ Job 14:3 compare Eccl 11:9; Eccl 12:4.
  d. cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
  e. of harvest, bring in, gather 2Sam 9:10; Hag 1:6 (opposed to זרע) compare Neh 13:15. feminine put staves into (בְּ) rings Exod 25:14; Exod 37:5; Exod 38:7 compare Exod 26:11; Lev 14:42 hand into (בְּ) bosom Exod 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jer 13:1.
  g. other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּ֯רָם בַּעֲבֹדַת אֲדֹנֵיהֶם Neh 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הביאו אתצֿואריכם בְּעֹל Jer 27:12 הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לֵבֶּ֑ךָ Prov 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִא לְבַב חָכְמָה Ps 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.
2. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object), followed by אֶלֿ Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 43:9; Lev 24:11; Num 5:15 often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exod 6:8; Exod 23:23 +, compare Isa 14:2; Isa 56:7; Neh 1:9 absolute Deut 4:38; Deut 6:23 followed by לְ Gen 39:14; Gen 39:17 followed by ָ  ה locative Ezek 12:13 followed by הֲלֹם Judg 18:3, & עַדהֲֿלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 absolute Gen 46:32 also with lifeless object, Gen 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2Chr 36:7; Gen 31:39 (followed by אֶלֿ); followed by accusative 2Kgs 12:5; 2Chr 36:18; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by ָ  ה locative Exod 26:33; Jer 20:5 followed by לִפְנֵי 2Chr 24:14 of ravens bringing food 1Kgs 17:6 (followed by לְ); of bringing presents Gen 43:26; 1Sam 9:7; 1Sam 10:27 (all followed by לְ); compare 1Sam 17:18 especially offerings, followed by לְ Gen 4:3; Num 15:25; Neh 10:35; Neh 10:37 (לְבֵית), etc.; Lev 2:2 followed by אֶלֿ of priest; absolute Gen 4:4; Lev 4:32; Lev 23:14; Lev 23:15; Mal 1:13 (twice in verse); 2Chr 31:5 compare also Exod 35:21; Exod 35:22; Exod 35:23; Exod 35:24 (twice in verse); Exod 35:27; Exod 35:29 (followed by לְ for) so Exod 36:3 +; of time, cause a day to come Lam 1:21 cause cry to come (עַלֿ) Job 34:28 = carry בָּנַיִךְ בְּחֹצֶן ׳והב Isa 49:22 (|| עַלכָּֿתֵף נשׂא); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלהַּ p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esth 5:12 (followed by אֶלֿ) compare vEsth 5:10 particular
  a. followed by עַלֿ bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jer 25:9 compare Ezek 23:22 object sword Lev 26:25; Ezek 5:17; Ezek 11:8; Ezek 14:17; Ezek 33:2 plague Exod 11:1 curse or calamity Gen 27:12; Deut 29:26; 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jer 25:13; Jer 36:31; Jer 44:2; Jer 49:8; Jer 49:37; Ezek 14:22 sin Gen 20:9; Gen 26:10; Exod 32:21 compare also followed by אֶלֿ Jer 32:42; Jer 49:36.
  b. bring to pass 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 compare 1Chr 4:10; Ps 78:29.
  c. bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Mic 1:15; Zech 3:8.
  d. bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Ps 78:71 מֵאַחַר עָלוֺת הֱבִיאוֺ לִרְעוֺת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֺ.
  e. bring, procure בְּנַפְשֵׁנוּ נָבִיא לַחְמֵנוּ Lam 5:9. Hoph`al Perfect הוּבָא Lev 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָאת Gen 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָ֫אתָה Ezek 40:4 3 plural הוּבְאוּ Gen 43:18 Imperfect יוּבָא Lev 6:23 +, יוּבָ֑אוּ Jer 27:22 Participle מוּבָא 2Kgs 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Gen 43:18; Ezek 30:11 + Ezek 23:42 (Co מרבדים), מוּבָאוֺת Ps 45:15 —
  a. be brought in (of person and things), absolute Gen 43:18 followed by בית into a house Gen 43:18 temple 2Kgs 12:5; 2Kgs 12:10; 2Kgs 12:14; 2Kgs 12:17; 2Kgs 22:4; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 2:14.
  b. be brought, followed by לְ Gen 33:11 (but ᵐ5 rd Hiph`il I have brought), Ps 45:15 followed by אֶלֿ unto Lev 6:23; Lev 10:18; Lev 13:2; Lev 13:9; Lev 14:2 compare Ezek 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הֵ֫נָּה Ezek 40:4 followed by בָּבֶ֫לָה Jer 27:22 followed by infinitive Lev 16:27; Ezek 30:11 followed by מִן Jer 10:9.
  c. be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exod 27:7 vessel into water Lev 11:32.

come, came, brought, bring, in, …
bôʾ
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • to go in, enter, come, go, come in
    • (Qal)
      • to enter, come in
        • "to come
        • to come with
          • "to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)"to come to pass
        to attain to"to be enumerated"to go
      (Hiphil)
      • to lead in
        • "to carry in"to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon"to bring to pass
      (Hophal)
      • to be brought, brought in
        • "to be introduced, be put

אֹתָ ם֙
אֹתָ
Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated
ם֙
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54
More options
[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.
with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.
from — Use when context implies source or separation.
along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.
together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.
among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

BDB852 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB854

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; ˜אֹתְךָ, ˜אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once ˜אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once ˜אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also ˜אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schrödp. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS1640 f., Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di§ 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Olp. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
  a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿ˜כֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges«GKC:117»§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
  b. with a passive verb (Ges«GKC:121»§ 121. 1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַ˜ברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare DrJPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Exod 1:7 +.
  c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
  d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
  a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
  b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
  c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see GieZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

BDB9599 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9601

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; ZinjirliHad. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb263 Cooke170; compare RÉS468); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …
ʾēt
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
  • sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

אֶל
אֶל
Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …
Dictionary form: אֵל · ale

Preposition

In the KJV here: them unto
unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58
More options
to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.
toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.
into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.
against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.
upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.
concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.

BDB420 H413

BDB419 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB421

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
   (a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
   (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
   (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; WAG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
   (a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
   (b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

unto, to, into, upon, against, …
ʾēl
near, with or among; often in general, to
  • to, toward, unto (of motion)
    • "into (limit is actually entered)
    • in among
    toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)"against (motion or direction of a hostile character)"in addition to, to"concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of"according to (rule or standard)"at, by, against (of one's presence)"in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

הַ כֹּהֵ֔ן
הַ
Prefix — article the
כֹּהֵ֔ן
Root word priest, priests, own, princes, ruler, …
Dictionary form: כֹּהֵן · koh-HANE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the priest
the priest ×187 the priests ×117 and the priest ×112 and the priests ×48 of the priests ×42 priest ×40 then the priest ×28 priests ×17
More options
priest — Standard, most broadly applicable rendering.
clergyman — Contemporary register; useful in narrative or explanatory contexts.
officiant — Emphasizes liturgical/ritual function over title.
minister — Highlights service role; suits non-Israelite priestly figures.
religious official — Descriptive; good for officials with administrative duties.
sacred official — Stresses holy/set-apart status in formal or poetic texts.

BDB3931 H3548

BDB3930 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3932

כֹּהֵן750 noun masculine priest (Late Hebrew כֹּהֵן; Aramaic כָּהֵין, כַּהֲנָא, , ; Ethiopic all id.; on Phoenician and Arabic see above); — ׳כ Gen 14:18 + 439 t.; plural כֹּהֲנִים Exod 19:6 + 272 t.; construct כֹּהֲנֵי 1Sam 5:5 + 13 t.; suffix כֹּהֲנַי Lam 1:19 + 22 t. suffixes —

1. priest-king: e.g. Melchizedek Gen 14:18 (E ?), compare Ps 110:4 (the Messianic priest-king like Melchizedek); Zech 6:13 (Messianic priest and king); Israel מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים Exod 19:6 (E) a kingdom of priests (priests and kings at once in their relation to the nations); compare Isa 61:6 (of Israel ministering as a priest); or a chieftain (exercising priestly functions) כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן Exod 2:16; Exod 3:1; Exod 18:1 (all J E); so also probably the sons of David 2Sam 8:18, his grandson 1Kgs 4:5, and Ira the Jairite 2Sam 20:26, who as princes performed priestly functions. With these we may class the כהנים Exod 19:22; Exod 19:24 (J).
2. priests of other religions than ׳י 's: Potiphera אֹן ׳כ Gen 41:45; Gen 41:50 (E), Gen 46:20 (P); Egyptian כהנים Gen 47:22 (twice in verse); Gen 47:26 (J); דָגוֺן ׳כ 1Sam 5:5 Philistine כהנים וקסמים 1Sam 6:2 כֹּהֲנָיו his priests: e.g. of Baal 2Kgs 10:19 = of Ahab 2Kgs 10:11 of Chemosh Jer 48:7 of Malcam Jer 49:3 Mattan was הבעל ׳כ 2Kgs 11:18 = 2Chr 23:17 הכמרים עם הכהנים Zeph 1:4 Josiah burned the bones of the priests of the Baalim and Asherim 2Chr 34:5.
3. priests of special orders in Israel:
  a. Micah in the hill-country of Ephraim consecrated his own son וַיְהִילֿוֺ לְכֹהֵן Judg 17:5 but so soon as he could secure Jonathan ben Gershom, a descendant of Moses (see VB Judg 18:30), he consecrated him, לכהן ׳היה ל Judg 17:10; Judg 17:12; Judg 17:13; Judg 18:4; Judg 18:19 הַכֹּהֵן vJudg 18:6 vJudg 18:17 vJudg 18:18 vJudg 18:20 vJudg 18:24 vJudg 18:27. He was captured by the Danites, and he and his line became priests at Dan until the Exile, vJudg 18:19 vJudg 18:19 vJudg 18:30.
  b. Jeroboam עשׂה כהנים 1Kgs 12:31 of those not מבני לוי, as (הַ)בָּמוֺת ׳כ priests of (the) high places 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 13:2; 1Kgs 13:33 (twice in verse) = לבמות ׳כ 2Chr 11:15 Amaziah (of this class) was ביתאֿל ׳כ Amos 7:10 see also 2Chr 13:9 called by Chronicler לְלֹא אלהים ׳כ v2Chr 13:9 yet Hosea rebukes them as priests of ׳י Hos 4:4; Hos 4:9; Hos 5:1; Hos 6:9 at the Exile they were deported by the Assyrians 2Kgs 17:27; 2Kgs 17:28.
  c. the people imported into Samaria made some of themselves במות ׳כ to worship ׳י the God of the land 2Kgs 17:32.
4. priests in Israel הכהנים who bore the ark and the trumpets Josh 3:13; Josh 3:14; Josh 3:15; Josh 3:17; Josh 4:3; Josh 4:9; Josh 4:10; Josh 4:17; Josh 4:18 (twice in verse); Josh 6:4 (twice in verse); Josh 6:6 (twice in verse); Josh 6:8; Josh 6:9; Josh 6:12; Josh 6:13; Josh 6:16 (all J E), 1Kgs 8:3; 1Kgs 8:6; 1Kgs 8:10; 1Kgs 8:11 Eli was הכהן 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 2:11 יהוה ׳כ 1Sam 14:3 and his sons ליהוה ׳כ 1Sam 1:3 a מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1Sam 2:13 mentions the ministering priest הכהן and the ׳נַעַר הַכ 1Sam 2:13; 1Sam 2:14; 1Sam 2:15 (twice in verse), Ahijah was ׳הַכּ in time of Saul 1Sam 14:19 (twice in verse); 1Sam 14:36 Abimelech ׳הַכּ at Nob, a priestly center, 1Sam 21:2; 1Sam 21:3; 1Sam 21:5; 1Sam 21:6; 1Sam 21:7; 1Sam 21:10; 1Sam 22:11 where were many ׳כֹּהֲנֵי י 1Sam 22:17 (twice in verse); 1Sam 22:21, all slain by Saul except Abiathar son of Ahimelech 1Sam 22:11; 1Sam 22:18 (twice in verse); 1Sam 22:19, who became ׳הַכּ 1Sam 23:9; 1Sam 30:7; 1Kgs 1:7; 1Kgs 1:19; 1Kgs 1:25; 1Kgs 1:42; 1Kgs 2:22; 1Kgs 2:26 Zadok later was ׳הַכּ 2Sam 15:27; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:26; 1Kgs 1:32; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:38; 1Kgs 1:39; 1Kgs 1:44; 1Kgs 1:45; 1Kgs 2:35; 1Kgs 3:2; 1Chr 16:39; 1Chr 24:6: so that the two were (ה)כהנים 2Sam 8:17 = 1Chr 18:16 (read ׳וְאֶבְיָתָר בֶּןאֿח 2Sam 8:17 ᵑ6 We Dr, and correct 1Chr 18:16 accordingly) 2Sam 15:35 (twice in verse); 2Sam 17:15; 2Sam 19:12; 2Sam 20:25; 1Kgs 4:4 Solomon removed Abiathar 1Kgs 2:27 and Zadok was anointed לְכֹהֵן according to 1Chr 29:22 compare prediction of rejection of house of Eli and selection of נֶאֱמָן ׳כ 1Sam 2:28; 1Sam 2:35 Jehoiada ׳הַכּ led the revolution against Athaliah 2Kgs 11:9 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 11:15 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 12:8; 2Kgs 12:10 = 2Chr 22:11; 2Chr 23:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 23:9; 2Chr 23:14 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:2; 2Chr 24:20; 2Chr 24:25, perhaps also Jer 29:26 הכהנים sustaining him in his reforms 2Kgs 12:5; 2Kgs 12:6; 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 12:8; 2Kgs 12:9; 2Kgs 12:10; 2Kgs 12:17 Uriah was ׳הַכּ in the reign of Ahaz 2Kgs 16:10; 2Kgs 16:11 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 16:16; Isa 8:2 Hilkiah of Josiah 2Kgs 22:10; 2Kgs 22:12; 2Kgs 22:14; 2Kgs 23:24; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 34:18. Other individual priests are named, e.g.: Pashhur of Jehoiachin Jer 20:1 Zephaniah of Zedekiah Jer 21:1; Jer 29:25; Jer 29:26; Jer 29:29; Jer 37:3 ׳הַכּ is Ezekiel's title Ezek 1:3. Priests are classed with officials of state: prophets and priests 2Kgs 23:2; Isa 28:7; Jer 5:31; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:10; Jer 14:18; Jer 23:11; Jer 23:33; Jer 23:34; Jer 26:7; Jer 26:8; Jer 26:11; Jer 26:16; Jer 29:1; Lam 2:20; Lam 4:13 priests and elders Lam 1:19; Lam 4:16 king and priest Lam 2:6 kings, priests, and prophets Jer 13:13 kings, princes, and priests Jer 1:18 princes, eunuchs, and priests Jer 34:19 priest, sage, and prophet Jer 18:18 chiefs, priests, and prophets Mic 3:11 prophets, priests, and elders Ezek 7:26 kings, princes, priests, and prophets Jer 2:26; Jer 4:9; Jer 8:1; Jer 32:32 princes, judges, prophets, and priests Zeph 3:4 seeming to exclude any other officials. Apparently in the same generic sense הכהנים Jer 1:1; Jer 2:8; Jer 27:16; Jer 28:1; Jer 28:5; Jer 29:25; Jer 31:14 כַּכֹּהֵן Isa 24:2 כהנים Job 12:19 כהניה Lam 1:4; Ezek 22:26 כהניו Ps 78:64. Moses and Aaron among his priests Ps 99:6 includes Moses (against P). Zion's priests clothed with righteousness and salvation Ps 132:9; Ps 132:16 = 2Chr 6:41, probably here also.
5. Levitical priests הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם Deut 17:9; Deut 17:18; Deut 18:1; Deut 24:8; Deut 27:9; Josh 3:3; Josh 8:33 (all D), Jer 33:18 (inverted), vJer 33:21 (neither in ᵐ5), 2Chr 5:5 (= ׳הַכּ ׳וְהַלּ 1Kgs 8:4: Chronicler retains original Deuteronomic reading), Ezek 43:19; Ezek 44:15 (compare 6); בְּנֵי לִוֵי ׳הַכּ Deut 21:5; Deut 31:9 ׳לל ׳לקח לכ Isa 66:21 take for priests, for Levites (of the nations in Messianic age). Doubtless of same class are: הַכֹּהֲנִים Deut 18:3; Deut 19:17; Josh 3:6; Josh 3:8; Josh 4:11 (D); and הַכֹּהֵן, the priest officiating on a particular occasion Deut 18:3; Deut 20:2 or holding a particular dignity Deut 17:12; Deut 26:3; Deut 26:4. The כהנים of the other cities of Judah, הבמות ׳כ, who were not allowed to minister in Jerusalem 2Kgs 23:8 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 23:9; 2Kgs 23:20, may be an attempt to enforce an exclusion from the priesthood of all but Levitical priests.
6. Zadokite priests: Ezekiel distinguishes among הכהנים הלוים those of the seed of Zadok, בְּנֵי צָדוֺק; all but the latter excluded by him from priesthood Ezek 40:46; Ezek 43:19; Ezek 44:15; Ezek 48:11 the priests of his code being all Zadokites Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 42:14; Ezek 43:24; Ezek 43:27; Ezek 44:21; Ezek 44:22; Ezek 44:30 (twice in verse); Ezek 44:31; Ezek 45:4; Ezek 45:19; Ezek 46:2; Ezek 46:19; Ezek 46:20; Ezek 48:10; Ezek 48:13.
7. Aaronic priests. In H. it is taken for granted that a priest is of the seed of Aaron; the plural is never used; כֹּהֵן is used for any priest Lev 21:9; Lev 22:10; Lev 22:11; Lev 22:12; Lev 22:13 הַכֹּהֵן for Aaron Lev 21:21, and for the official priest (acting for the priesthood, almost collective) Lev 17:5; Lev 17:6; Lev 22:14; Lev 23:10; Lev 23:11; Lev 23:20 (twice in verse); Lev 27:8 (3 t. in verse); Lev 27:11; Lev 27:12 (twice in verse); Lev 27:14 (twice in verse); Lev 27:18; Lev 27:21; Lev 27:23. The priests of P are בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן Lev 1:5; Lev 1:8; Lev 1:11; Lev 2:2; Lev 3:2; Lev 21:1; Num 3:3; Num 10:8; Josh 21:19 so in Chronicles 2Chr 13:9; 2Chr 13:10; 2Chr 26:18; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:19; 2Chr 35:14 (twice in verse); הַכֹּהֵן is used of Aaron 22 t., Eleazar 29 t., Phinehas Josh 22:30 and elsewhere; 180 t. of ministering priests, or generic of the priests; הכהנים Lev 6:22; Lev 7:6; Lev 13:2; Lev 16:33; כהן Lev 6:16. Chronicles distinguishes הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם 1Chr 13:2; 1Chr 15:11; 1Chr 15:14; 1Chr 23:2; 1Chr 24:6; 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 28:13; 1Chr 28:21; 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 11:13; 2Chr 13:9; 2Chr 13:10; 2Chr 23:4; 2Chr 24:5; 2Chr 29:4; 2Chr 30:15; 2Chr 30:25; 2Chr 31:2 (twice in verse); 2Chr 31:4; 2Chr 31:9; 2Chr 34:30; 2Chr 35:8; 2Chr 35:18 (the variants without וְ 2Chr 23:18; 2Chr 30:27 are due to copyists' errors), Ezra 1:5; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 3:12; Ezra 6:20; Ezra 7:7; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 8:30; Ezra 9:1; Neh 7:72; Neh 8:13; Neh 11:3; Neh 12:1; Neh 12:30; Neh 12:44 (twice in verse); Neh 13:30 הלוים והכהנים 2Chr 19:8; 2Chr 30:21 priests, Levites, and others 1Chr 9:2; Ezra 10:5; Neh 10:1; Neh 10:29; Neh 10:35; Neh 11:20 בְּנֵי לֵוִי antith. to ׳הַכּ Ezra 8:15 הכהן בן אהרן עם הלוים Neh 10:39 (ה)כהנים in Chronicles 67 t. has the same reference, as also כֹּהֲנֵינוּ Ezra 9:7; Neh 9:32; Neh 9:34 כֹּהֵן Ezra 2:63 = Neh 7:65 ליחוה ׳כ 2Chr 26:17 כהניו His (God's) priests 2Chr 13:12 מוֺרֶה ׳כ teaching priest 2Chr 15:3 הַכֹּהֵן is used of Jehoiada in time of David 1Chr 27:5, and Azariah in the reign of Uzziah 2Chr 26:17. In the literature of the restoration הַכֹּהֵן is used of Ezra, Ezra 7:11; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:16; Neh 8:2; Neh 8:9; Neh 12:26 Uriah Ezra 8:33 Eliashib Neh 13:4 Shelemiah Neh 13:13 הכהנים Joel 1:9; Joel 1:13; Joel 2:17; Hag 2:11; Hag 2:12; Hag 2:13; Zech 7:5; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:1 priests and prophets Zech 7:3 כהן Mal 2:7.
8. the high priest: הַכֹּהֵן is frequently used (see 4) to designate the priest who was at the head of priestly affairs. The adjective הַגָּדוֺל first appears of Jehoiada 2Kgs 12:11, then of Hilkiah 2Kgs 22:4; 2Kgs 22:8; 2Kgs 23:4; 2Kgs 2:9 after the exile, of Joshua Hag 1:1; Hag 1:12; Hag 1:14; Hag 2:2; Hag 2:4; Zech 3:1; Zech 3:8; Zech 6:11, and Eliashib Neh 3:1; Neh 3:20; Neh 13:28. But P uses it of Aaron and his eldest descendants who are anointed with holy oil Lev 21:10 (H; הַגָּדוֺל מֵאֶחָיו ׳הכ), Num 35:25; Num 35:28 (twice in verse); Josh 20:6, and so הַמָּשִׁיחַ ׳הַכּ Lev 4:3; Lev 4:5; Lev 4:16; Lev 6:15, compare Lev 16:32. הָראֹשׁ ׳כ is used of Seraiah 2Kgs 25:18 = Jer 52:24 and, in Chronicler, of Amariah 2Chr 19:11, Jehoiada 2Chr 24:11, Azariah 2Chr 26:20; 2Chr 31:10 of Aaron, Ezra 7:5. (We also supposes הרואה in 2Sam 15:27 to be a corruption of הראשׁ, which he regards as post-exilic insertion. The test is corrupt [see DrSm. 1.c.]; but this correction is improbable. Lists of high priests occur 1Chr 5:30-41; 1Chr 6:35-38.) A priest of second rank ((ה)מִשְׁנֶה כֹּהֵן) appears in 2Kgs 23:4 (construct plural incorrect), 2Kgs 25:18 = Jer 52:24 ׳זִקְנֵי הַכּ 2Kgs 19:2 = Isa 37:2; Jer 19:1 ׳שָׂרֵי הַכּ 2Chr 36:14; Ezra 8:24; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5 ׳רָאשֵׁי הַכּ Neh 12:7.

BDB9607 H3548 H3549

BDB9606 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9608

[כָּהֵן] noun masculine priest (see Biblical Hebrew כהן); — emphatic כָּהֲנָא Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21 plural emphatic נַיָּא- Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:16; Ezra 6:18; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:24 suffix (of Israel) נ֫וֺהִי- vEzra 7:13.

priest, priests, own, princes, ruler, …
kōhēn
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
  • priest, principal officer or chief ruler
    • priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah)
      • "pagan priests"priests of Jehovah"Levitical priests"Zadokite priests"Aaronic priests"the high priest

וְ הִקְרִ֛יב
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הִקְרִ֛יב
Root word offer, near, bring, brought, nigh, …
Dictionary form: קָרַב · kaw-RAHB

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: who shall offer
and he brought ×11 to offer ×9 offer ×8 come near ×7 and thou shalt bring ×6 approach ×6 he shall offer ×6 shall bring ×6
More options
approach — Best for drawing near to a person, place, or deity.
draw near — Slightly more formal; good for solemn or liturgical contexts.
bring — Use when the object is presented or carried to another.
present — Ideal for ritual/cultic offering contexts; formal register.
offer — Specifically for sacrificial or dedicatory acts in priestly texts.
come forward — Natural for movement toward a person or assembly.

BDB7558 H7126

BDB7557 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7559

I. [קָרֵב], קָרַב279 verb come near, approach (Late Hebrew approach, be offered; Assyrian ‡arâbu, approach; Arabic , be near, approach; so Ethiopic : Sabean קרב approach a woman (sexually, see 1 a below), DHMHofmus. No.6.1.2., but also generally דֿ רחק וקרב he who is far and he who is near CISiv, no. 95, 7, 8 compare SabDenkmNo. 12, 9, 10; Aramaic קְרֵב, , approach; also, = oblation, Sabean קרבן DHMZMG xxx (1876), 672 Arabic , O Aramaic קרבו, ᵑ7 קוּרְבָּנָא, Syriac ; compare Assyrian kurbannu (כ), DIHWS 351); —

Qal93 Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ק Gen 20:4 +; 3 feminine singular קָרֵ֑בָה Zeph 3:2, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְרַב Gen 37:18 + etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְרַב 2Sam 20:16 +, דָמק֫רְבָה Ps 69:19 masculine plural קִרְבוּ Exod 16:9 infinitive absolute קָרוֺב Eccl 4:17 De Siegf Ol§ 249 c Sta§ 642 c Köi. 175; construct קְרֹב Ps 27:2; Ps 32:9, לְקָרְבָה Exod 36:2, etc.; — approach:
1. a. with אֶל person (27 t.) Gen 37:18; Num 18:4; Mal 3:5 (+ לְמִּשְׁפָּט), Jonah 1:6 +; in kindness 1Kgs 2:7, of ׳י to help Ps 69:19 for war, battle, Exod 14:20; Judg 20:24 unto God 1Sam 14:36 (+ הֲלוֺם), Zeph 3:2, ׳י Ezek 44:15; Isa 48:16 approach sexually, of man, Gen 20:4; Isa 8:3; Deut 22:14; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:14; Lev 18:19 (H) Ezek 18:6 of woman Lev 20:16 (אֶל of beast); אֵלֶיךָ ׳ק Isa 65:5 = keep to thyself (|| אַלתִּֿגַּשׁבּֿי); with עַל person, in hostility, Ps 27:2 (+ infinitive purpose), so probably מִקְּרָבלִֿי Ps 55:19 that none may approach me (׳ק infinitive construct, so Che Bae Dr, > noun = battle).
  b. אֶל location Exod 32:19; Deut 2:37; Deut 20:10 Joshua; Prov 5:8 אֶל of thing Josh 3:3; Ezek 42:14; Ezek 44:16; Lev 22:3 (H), Exod 36:2 + 5 t. P; עַלהַֿמִּזְבֵּחַ 2Kgs 16:12 אֶלהַֿמִּלְחָמָה Deut 20:2.
  c. לִפְנֵי person (׳י) Exod 16:9; Lev 16:1; Ps 119:169 (of cry); before men Num 9:6; Josh 17:4.
  d. מוּל of a people Deut 2:19.
  e. ב location Judg 19:13; Ps 91:10 (of evil). feminine ל location Job 33:22 adverb of location הֲלֹם Exod 3:5, הֵ֫נָּה Isa 57:3 (compare g, 2Sam 20:16).
  g. draw near for a purpose, with Infinitive 1Sam 17:48; 2Sam 15:5; Deut 25:11; Exod 12:48; Lev 21:17; Num 17:5; Isa 34:1; Eccl 4:17, + (Infinitive omitted) Lev 21:18 with וֵ subordinate 2Sam 20:16 (+ עַדהֵֿ֫נָּה); with לַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 41:1 (compare
  a. Mal 3:5); + Imperative Deut 5:24; Josh 10:24; Lev 10:4, + Imperfect Josh 10:24; Lev 10:5
  h. absolute (15 t.) Josh 7:14 (3 t. in verse) (technically of approach to sanctuary, for trial by lot), Isa 5:19 (of ׳י's counsel), Isa 41:5 +, Lam 3:57 (of ׳י, to help); הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳וַחִק 1Kgs 20:29 i.e. the battle was joined; of calamities Ezek 9:1, קִצֵּנוּ ׳ק Lam 4:18.
2. of time, draw near, Gen 27:41; Deut 15:9; Ezek 12:23 specifically לָמות ׳יְמֵי פ ׳ק Gen 47:27; Deut 31:14; 1Kgs 2:1 Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְנִקְרַב אֶלהָֿאֱםהִים Exod 22:7 he shall be brought unto God (at the sanctuary), also (absolute, reflexive) 2 masculine plural consecutive צְנִקְרַבְתֶּם Josh 7:14 (compare Qal h). Pi`el Perfect 1 singular קֵרַכְתִּי Isa 46:13 3 masculine plural קֵרְבוּ Hos 7:6 (see below), Ezek 36:8 imperfect 2 masculine singular וּתְקָרֵב Ps 65:5 1 singular suffix אֲקָֽרְבֶנּוּ Job 31:37 Imperative masculine singular קָרַב Ezek 37:17 masculine plural קָֽרְבוּ Isa 41:21 — cause to approach, bring near:
1. in space, accusative of thing + אֶל Ezek 37:17 = receive, accusative of person Job 31:37 (Thes Du; most approach majestically, march up to), accusative omitted Ps 65:5 רִיבְכֶם ׳ק Isa 41:21 bring on your suit !
2. in time, ׳צִדְקָתִ ׳ק Isa 46:13 (of ׳י), לָבוֺא ׳ק Ezek 36:8 they have brought near to come, brought their coming near, it is at hand (compare Hiph`il Gen 12:11). — Hos 7:6 read בָּעַר for קֵרְבוּ (קִרְבּוֺ RSProph. iv, N.19), compare ᵐ5 Now. Hiph`il177 Perfect 3 masculine singular הִקְרִיב Gen 12:11 +, רִב- Num 7:19 2 masculine singular וְהִקְרַבְ֫תָּ Exod 29:3 +, etc.: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַקְרִיב Ezek 44:27 +, רִב- Ezek 46:4 וַיַקְרֵב Judg 3:17 +; plural וַנַּקְרֵב Num 31:50. etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַקְרֵב Num 3:6 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵקְרֵב Lev 6:7 construct הַקְרִיב Judg 3:18 +, etc.; Participle מַקְרִיב Lev 3:1 +, etc.; —
1. a. bring near, bring, present, with accusative of thing, Judg 5:25 (+ בְּסֵפֶל), compare Exod 29:3 (+ בַּסָּל); tribute Ps 72:10 מִנְחָה Judg 3:17 (+ ל person), vJudg 3:18 compare (ל person) Mal 1:8 ׳שָׂדֶה בְּשָׂדֶה יַק Isa 5:8 i.e. join, incorporate; pregnantly with מִן local 2Kgs 16:14 (see RSSemitic i. 466 ff., 2nd ed. 486 ff.); accusative of case, affair, Deut 1:17 (+ אֶל person), Num 27:5 (+ ׳לִפְנֵי י); with accusative of person: + אֶל person), Num 15:33; Num 25:6; Josh 8:23, + אֶל reflexive Exod 28:1, + אֶת (perp.) reflexive Num 18:2 absolute of person, make an appraoch Exod 14:10.
  b. of time, הִקְרִיב לָבוֺא Gen 12:11 תַּקְרִיב לָלֶדֶת Isa 26:17 וַתַּקְרִיבִי יָמַיִךְ Ezek 22:4.
2. as technical term (c.158 t.) chiefly in Ezekiel HPS, bring near, of presenting, dedicating, or offering to ׳׃י
  a. with accusative of person, (I) Araron and his sons, and Levites, sometimes with אֶל לְפְנֵי, person or location, Exod 29:4; Exod 29:8; Exod 40:12; Exod 40:14; Lev 3:6; Lev 7:35; Lev 8:6; Lev 8:13; Lev 8:24; Num 8:9; Num 8:10; Num 16:5 (twice in verse); Num 16:9; Num 16:10, compare (of princ, subj,. ׳י) Jer 30:21 (2) for selection by Josh 7:16; Josh 7:17 (twice in verse); Josh 7:18; 1Sam 10:20; 1Sam 10:21 (3) for ordeal of מֵי הַמָּרִים Num 5:16,
  b. usually (c. 142 t.) with accusative off offering, with or without further complement (אֶל, לִפְנֵי location ׳לי ׳לִפְנֵי י; rarely אֶל, ל of priest, etc.): (1) animal-offering Lev 3:7; Lev 3:12; Lev 8:18; Lev 8:22 (all + סָמִךְ of offerer), Exod 29:10; Lev 1:15; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:14 +, etc. (2) צֶבַךְ Lev 7:16 עֹלָה Num 29:13; Num 29:36 אִשֶּׁה Lev 3:3; Lev 3:14; Lev 23:8; Lev 23:25 +; (3) blood Lev 1:5 (+ זָרַק), Lev 7:33; Lev 9:9 (4) מִנְחָה Lev 2:8; Lev 6:7; Lev 7:12; Lev 23:16; Lev 6:16; Lev 15:9 לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו Lev 21:6; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:17; Lev 21:21, etc.;(5) incense Num 16:35 censer vNum 16:17; Num 17:3; Num 17:4 אֵשׁ זָרָה Lev 10:1; Num 3:4; Num 26:61 (6) especially with accusative of congnate meaning with verb קָרְבָּן Lev 1:2 (twice in verse); Lev 1:14; Lev 2:1; Lev 2:4; Lev 22:18; Num 7:10; Num 7:11; Num 31:50 + (c.33 t.); (7) accusative om, 2Chr 35:12.
  c. make an offering Num 7:2; Num 7:18.

BDB9870 H7126 H7127

BDB9869 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9871

קְרֵב verb approach (see Biblical Hebrew I. קרב); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ק Dan 3:26 (ל location); 1 singular קִרְבַת Dan 7:16 (עַל person); absolute, 3 masculine plural קְרִ֫בוּ Dan 3:8; Dan 6:13 Infinitive suffix כְּמִקְרְבֵהּ Dan 6:21 when he approached, ל location Pa`el offer sacrifice: Imperfect 2 masculine singular תְּקָרֵב Ezra 7:17, with accusative + עַל of altar.
Haph`el 1. = Pa.: with accusative Perfect 3 masculine plural הַקְרִ֫בוּ Ezra 6:17, Participle active מְהַקְבִין vEzra 6:10 (ל of deity).
2. bring near: Perfect suffix הַקְרְבוּהִי Dan 7:13 (קֳדָם of deity).

offer, near, bring, brought, nigh, …
qārab
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
  • to come near, approach, enter into, draw near
    • (Qal) to approach, draw near
      • "(Niphal) to be brought near"(Piel) to cause to approach, bring near, cause to draw near"(Hiphil) to bring near, bring, present

אֶת
אֶת
Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated
Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54
More options
[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.
with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.
from — Use when context implies source or separation.
along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.
together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.
among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

BDB852 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB854

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; ˜אֹתְךָ, ˜אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once ˜אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once ˜אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also ˜אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schrödp. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS1640 f., Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di§ 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Olp. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
  a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿ˜כֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges«GKC:117»§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
  b. with a passive verb (Ges«GKC:121»§ 121. 1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַ˜ברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare DrJPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Exod 1:7 +.
  c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
  d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
  a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
  b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
  c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see GieZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

BDB9599 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9601

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; ZinjirliHad. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb263 Cooke170; compare RÉS468); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …
ʾēt
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
  • sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

אֲשֶׁ֥ר
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that which
which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69
More options
that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.
who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.
where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.
when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.
because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

BDB3870 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3872

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
  a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
  b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
  c. answered by וַ (Dr§ 127 γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
  d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr§ 115) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
  e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.
2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.
3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr§ 127 β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203

יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְ˜רֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
  a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
  b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
  c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

BDB6203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6205

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן271 preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
  a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D2); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.


  b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.


  c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Köiii.595 f.). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
  a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
  b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Köiii.571).


  c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Köiii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note
1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (FlKl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

BDB843 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB845

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to TsepreghiDiss. Lugd. p. 171 MühlauBö. Lb. ii. 79 n. StaMorg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 HomZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll§ 153 SayceHebraica. ii. 51 LagM. i. 255 & especially KraeHebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also NöZMG 1886, 738).
2. according to PhiSt. C. 73 SperlingNota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.
2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
   (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
   (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.
N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.
3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).
4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
  a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
  b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
   (a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
  c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
  d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.
5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.
6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
   (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew§ 334);
   (b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di§ 201;
   (c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.
7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
  a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
  b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
  c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew§ 292 a, b with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
  a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
   (a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
  b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
  c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
  d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew§ 334 a), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
  e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

BDB844 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB846

בַּאֲשֶׁר 19
  a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
  d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

BDB845 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB847

מֵאֲשֶׁר17
  a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …
ʾăšer
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
  • (relative part.)
    • which, who
      • "that which
    (conj)
    • that (in obj clause)
      • "when"since"as"conditional if

לַ ֽחַטָּ֖את
לַ
Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
ֽחַטָּ֖את
Root word offering, sin, sins, punishment, purifying, …
Dictionary form: חַטָּאָה · haht-taw-AW

לַ
Hidden "the" לַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: is for the sin offering
for a sin offering ×53 of the sin offering ×16 his sin ×11 the sins ×11 their sin ×11 their sins ×10 the sin ×9 the sin offering ×8
More options
sin — Broadest rendering; suits most narrative and poetic contexts.
sin offering — Preferred in ritual/Levitical contexts for the sacrificial rite.
wrongdoing — Slightly softer; useful in ethical or wisdom literature.
guilt — Emphasizes the state or burden resulting from sin.
purification offering — Modern scholarly term; clarifies the offering's cleansing purpose.
punishment — Use when context stresses consequence rather than the act itself.

BDB2699 H2403

BDB2698 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2700

חַטָּאת noun feminine1Sam 14:38 (Gen 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ׳ח Gen 4:7 + 124 t.; לְחַטָּ֯ת Num 15:24 (text error for. לחטאת), לְחַטַּאת Zech 13:1 (but read לְחַטָּאת StaZAW i. 35); construct חַטַּאת Exod 30:10 + 19 t.; suffix חַטָּאתִי Gen 31:36 + 16 t.; חַטָּאתֹיו֯ 1Kgs 16:26, חַטַּאתְכֶם Exod 32:30 + 3 t.; etc., + 52 t. suffix; plural חַטָּאוֺת 2Kgs 12:17 + 3 t.; construct חַטּאֹות Ps 25:7 + 17 t.; חַטּאֹת Num 5:6 + 6 t.; suffix חַטּאֹותָ֑י Ps 25:18 חַטּאֹתָו֯ Ezek 18:21; Ezek 33:16, etc., + 40 t. suffix; —

1. sin:
  a. against man Gen 31:36; Gen 50:17 (E), Num 12:11 (J) 1Sam 20:1 אדם ׳ח sins against man Num 5:6 (P). Elsewhere
  b. against God Lev 4:14; Lev 4:23; Lev 4:28 (P), 1Sam 2:17; 1Sam 14:38; 1Kgs 16:13 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 21:16; 2Kgs 21:17; 2Kgs 2:19; 2Kgs 30:1; 2Kgs 58:1; 2Kgs 59:2; 2Kgs 59:12; 2Kgs 16:10; 2Kgs 16:18; Isa 30:14; Isa 30:15; Isa 50:20; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:22; Ezek 16:51; Ezek 18:14; Ezek 21:29; Ezek 33:10; Ezek 33:16; (We Kl. Proph. reads חטאיכם), as Isa 1:18 — see חֵטא — on accusative of masculine עצומים), Mic 1:13; Mic 3:8; Ps 32:5; Ps 51:5; Ps 59:4; Prov 5:22; Prov 13:6; Prov 14:34; Prov 21:4; Prov 24:9; Prov 14:23; Dan 9:20 (twice in verse); נעורי ׳ח sins of my youth Ps 25:7 נפשׁי ׳פרי בטני ח Mic 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination 1Sam 15:23 of the mouth Ps 59:13 עמי יאכלו ׳ח Hos 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare We; ᵑ7 Hi Or and others sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early prophets, and || עָוֺן against it, see WeProl. 3. 76); לפתח חטאת רבץ Gen 4:7 (J) at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Deut 9:21 and the high places of Beath Aven Hos 10:8 with בְּ on the ground of sin Neh 9:37 for sin Mic 1:5; 2Kgs 24:3; Isa 40:2; Jer 15:13; Jer 17:3; Ezek 16:52 with or by sin 1Kgs 14:22; 1Kgs 16:2; Isa 43:24 ׳הלך בח walk in sin 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:26; 1Kgs 15:34; 1Kgs 16:19; 1Kgs 16:26; 1Kgs 16:31; 2Kgs 17:22 ׳דבק בח cleave unto sin 2Kgs 3:3 with עַל on account of sin Deut 9:18; 1Kgs 15:30; 1Kgs 16:19; Mic 6:13 for sin Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 4:35; Lev 5:6; Lev 5:13 (P) Lev 19:22; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28 (H); ׳יסף על ח add unto sin 1Sam 12:19; 2Chr 28:13; Isa 30:1; Job 34:37 with כְּ according to sin Lev 26:21 with לְ to or for sin Lev 16:16; Lev 16:21; Deut 19:15; 1Kgs 12:30; 1Kgs 13:34; Prov 10:16; Zech 13:1 with מִן because of sin Lev 4:26; Lev 5:6; Lev 5:10; Lev 16:34 (P), Lev 19:22 (H), Lam 4:13 more than sin Job 35:3 טָהַרְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִי I am clean from my sin Prov 20:9 ׳מגני ח because of sin Ps 38:4 ׳בגלל ח because of sin 1Kgs 14:16 הלך ׳אחר ח walk after sin 2Kgs 13:2.
  c. men should return from sin שׁוּב מִן 1Kgs 8:35 = 2Chr 6:26; Ezek 18:21; Ezek 33:14 depart from it סוּר מֵעַל 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 סוּר מן 2Kgs 13:6; 2Kgs 13:11; 2Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 15:9; 2Kgs 15:24; 2Kgs 15:28 be concerned about דאג מן Ps 38:19 confess ׳הִתְוַדָּה ח Num 5:7 (P); ׳התודה על ה Neh 1:6; Neh 9:2.
  d. God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על) פקד Exod 32:34 (JE) Hos 8:13; Hos 9:9; Jer 14:10 inquires after it דרשׁ ל Job 10:6 watches over it שׁמר על Job 14:16 hoards it up Hos 13:12 (2) by forgiveness: ׳נשׂא ה Exod 10:17; Exod 32:32 (JE), 1Sam 15:25 ׳נשׂא עון ח Ps 32:5 ׳נשׂא לח Josh 24:19 (E), Ps 25:18 pardon ׳סלח לח Exod 34:9 (JE) 1Kgs 8:34; 1Kgs 8:36; 2Chr 6:25; 2Chr 6:27; 2Chr 7:14; Jer 36:3 removal הסר Isa 27:9 העביר 2Sam 12:13 casting into the depths of the sea Mic 7:19 (3) by covering over, making atonement for חַטָּֽאתְךָ תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Isa 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, ׳כפּר עַל ח Ps 79:9 ׳כסּה ח Ps 85:3 (compare כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה Ps 32:1); ׳לְהָתֵם ח (Qr) make an end of sins Dan 9:24 (4) by blotting out ׳מחה ח Isa 44:22; Jer 18:23; Ps 109:14; Neh 3:37 cleanse from sin ׳טַהֲרֵנִי מח Ps 51:4 ׳מקוֺר לח a fountain for sin Zech 13:1 (5) by not remembering it ׳לא זכר ח Isa 43:25 לא זכר ׳לח Jer 31:34 אַלתֵּֿפֶן אֶלחַֿטָאתוֺ Deut 9:27 look not unto his sin.
  e. atonement may be secured for, ׳כפּר בעד ח Exod 32:30 (J E; Moses, by his intercession). feminine according to P (H) the priest is to make atonement for a person (כפּר על) by sin-offering or trespass-offering; ׳מח because of sin Lev 4:26; Lev 5:6; Lev 5:10; Lev 16:34 ׳על ח Lev 4:35; Lev 5:13 (all P), Lev 19:22 (H; see Wecompare, 59 = JBTh xxii, 427), so that the man is clean from sin ׳טהר מח Lev 16:30.
2. condition of sin, guilt of sin Gen 18:20; Num 16:26; Num 32:23 (J), Ezek 3:20; Ezek 18:24, יְהוּדָה חֲרוּשָׁה עַללֿוּחַ לִבָּם ׳ח וּלְקַרְנוֺת מִוְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their hear, and upon the horns of your altars Jer 17:1.
3. punishment for sin: כָלהַֿגּוֺיִם ׳מִצְרָ֑יִם וח ׳זֹאת תִּהְיֶה ח Zech 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).
4. sin-offering: one of the kinds of offerings of P, Lev 7:37 first in the history 2Kgs 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chronicles: 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 29:23; 2Chr 29:24 Hezekiah had made a ׳ח of 7 צְפִירֵי עִזִּים at purification of temple; Ezra 8:35 12 צְפִירֵי ׳ח were offered; Neh 10:34 ׳ח || עולות; — in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ezekiel and P. — On Hos 4:8 see
1. above In H, Lev 23:19 a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ezekiel ׳ח in general || other sacrifices, Ezek 40:39; Ezek 45:17; Ezek 45:25; Ezek 46:20 and priests eat them Ezek 42:13; Ezek 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a שׂעיר עזים was to be offered Ezek 43:19; Ezek 43:21; Ezek 43:22; Ezek 43:25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood put on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court an on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (ᵐ5 first day of seventh month) Ezek 45:17; Ezek 45:19 (compare vEzek 45:18 vEzek 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a שׂעיר עזים Ezek 45:22; Ezek 45:23. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleaning he was to offer his sin-offering Ezek 44:27. P gives several grades:
  a. a ruler should offer a he-goat Lev 4:24; Lev 4:25; Num 7:16; Num 7:22; Num 7:28; Num 7:34; Num 7:40; Num 7:46; Num 7:52; Num 7:58; Num 7:64; Num 7:70; Num 7:76; Num 7:82; Num 7:87 an ordinary person a she-goat Lev 4:29 (compare vLev 4:28) Lev 5:6; Num 15:27, ewe lamb Lev 4:32; Lev 4:33 (twice in verse); Lev 4:34; Lev 14:19; Num 6:14; Num 6:16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Lev 5:7; Lev 5:8; Lev 5:9 (twice in verse); Lev 12:6; Lev 12:8; Lev 14:22; Lev 14:31; Lev 15:15; Lev 15:30; Num 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Lev 5:11 (twice in verse); Lev 5:12 according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare Lev 4:22; Lev 4:35) and a handful of the flour (compare Lev 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place Lev 5:13; Lev 6:10; Lev 6:18 (twice in verse); Lev 6:23 (compare v.Lev 6:11 v.Lev 6:19), Lev 7:7; Lev 10:16; Lev 10:17; Lev 10:19 (twice in verse); Lev 14:13; Num 18:9.
  b. a bullock was offered for priests Exod 29:14; Exod 29:36; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:8; Lev 4:20; Lev 8:2; Lev 8:14 (twice in verse); Lev 9:2; Lev 9:7; Lev 9:8; Lev 9:10 for Levites at their installation Num 8:8; Num 8:12 and for whole congregation Lev 4:14; Lev 4:21 but usually offering for congregation was he-goat Num 15:24; Num 15:25, especially at dedication of altar Lev 9:3; Lev 9:15; Lev 9:22. and in ritual of feasts Num 28:15; Num 28:22; Num 28:30; Num 29:5; Num 29:11; Num 29:16; Num 29:19; Num 29:22; Num 29:25; Num 29:28; Num 29:31; Num 29:34; Num 29:38. Before consecration of the tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Lev 9:9), but subsequently some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fast pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (Lev 4:3-21; Lev 6:23; Lev 8:16; Lev 8:17; Lev 9:10; Lev 9:11).
  c. on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Lev 16:3; Lev 16:6 and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל (see עזאזל) Lev 16:5 (compare vLev 16:8 vLev 16:10 vLev 16:20 vLev 16:22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה Lev 16:9 (compare vLev 16:8). Some of the blood of Aaron's bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat Lev 16:11 (twice in verse); Lev 16:15 (compare vLev 16:12-14 vLev 16:16 vLev 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Exod 30:10 (compare Lev 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp Lev 16:25; Lev 16:27 (twice in verse). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה Lev 4:2; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:27; Num 15:27, לשׁגגה Num 15:24, minor offences Lev 5:1-6 and ceremonial uncleanness Lev 12:6; Lev 12:8; Lev 14:13; Lev 15:15; Num 6:11; Num 6:14.) — Pharses for sacrificing are: ׳עשׂה ח Lev 9:7; Lev 9:22; Lev 14:19; Num 6:16; Ezek 45:17, ׳הקריב ח Lev 10:19; Ezek 44:27, ׳שׁחט ח Lev 14:13; Ezek 40:39.
5. purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: ׳ח ׳מֵ Num 8:7 water of purification from sin; הוּא ׳מֵי נִדָּה ח water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin Num 19:9 ׳עֲפַר שְׂרֵפַת הח Num 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).

BDB9520 H2403 H2409

BDB9519 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9521

חַטָּיָא noun feminine sin-offering (Biblical Hebrew חַטָּאת 4; Nabataean חטיאת penalty, according to SAC51); — absolute ׳ת Ezra 6:17 Kt, Qr הַטָּאָה.

offering, sin, sins, punishment, purifying, …
ḥaṭṭāʾâ
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
  • sin, sinful
    • "sin, sin offering
    • sin
      • "condition of sin, guilt of sin"punishment for sin"sin-offering"purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness

רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֑ה
רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֑ה
Root word first, former, things, beginning, chief, …
Dictionary form: רִאשׁוֹן · rih-SHONE

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: first
the first ×23 first ×21 in the first ×20 at the first ×10 of the first ×10 the former ×9 day of the first ×7 the former things ×5
More options
first — Most common; ordinal sequence or rank.
former — Prefer for contrast with what comes later.
earlier — Temporal sense; less formal than 'former'.
foremost — Emphasizes priority or supreme importance.
original — Highlights the initial or foundational instance.
ancient — Use when referring to distant past or ancestors.

BDB7681 H7223

BDB7680 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7682

רִאשׁוֺן182 adjective former, first, chief (i heightened from original a, see √); — absolute ׳ר Hos 2:19 +, שֹׁן- - Exod 12:15 +, רִישׁוֺן Job 8:8, construct רִאשׁוֺן Job 15:7 Qr (Kt ראישון and so always Manuscript Sam. Pentateuch, see Köii. 1, 225 n); feminine רִאשֹׁנָה Judg 20:37 + (Josh 21:10 Kt ראישנה see above); masculine plural רִאשֹׁנִים Exod 34:1 +, feminine plural רִאשֹׁנוֺת Isa 41:22 +, etc.; —

1. former:
  a. in time, former of two Gen 25:25 (J), Gen 41:20 (E), Deut 10:1; Deut 10:2; Deut 10:3; Deut 10:4; Deut 10:10; Deut 24:4, compare Hos 2:9; Lev 4:21; Lev 9:15 (both P), Judg 20:39; 2Kgs 1:14; Hag 2:3; Hag 2:9; Ezra 3:12 +; more generally former, previous, Num 21:26 (JE), Mic 4:8; 2Kgs 17:34; 2Kgs 17:40; Zech 1:4; Zech 7:7; Zech 7:12; Zech 8:11; Neh 5:15 Eccl 17:10; Ps 79:8 +; ׳כָּעֵת הָ ר Isa 8:23 ׳דִּבְרֵי דויד הָ ר 1Chr 29:29 the doings of David, the former and the latter (הָאַחֲדֹנִים), compare 2Chr 9:29; 2Chr 12:15; 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34; 2Chr 25:26; 2Chr 26:22; 2Chr 28:26; 2Chr 35:27 early days of harvest 2Sam 21:9 רִאשֹׁנִים as substantive, former persons, ancestors, men of old, Deut 19:14; Lev 26:45 (H), Eccl 1:11 (opposed to אַחֲרֹנִים); (תָ)רִאשֹׁנוֺת as substantive the former things, i.e. past events Isa 41:22; Isa 43:9; Isa 43:18; Isa 46:9; Isa 48:3, earlier predictions Isa 42:9.
  b. location, foremost, of two 2Sam 18:27. 2 first:
  a. in time, ׳הַמַּכָּה הָ ר 1Sam 14:14 the first slaughter (preliminary to general carnage); ׳וְלֹאהָֿיָה דְּבָרִי ר 2Sam 19:44 was not my word first? ׳ר in apposition with person subject 2Sam 19:21 I am come as first, compare perhaps Isa 41:27 (insert אָמַרְתִּי Ges De < read הִגַּדְתִּים for הִנֵּה הִנָּם CheHpt Kit Di), and ׳הָ ר Jer 50:17 (opposed to הָאַחֲרוֺן), Isa 43:27 ׳ר absolute, first of mankind Job 15:17 absolute of ׳י, I (an the) first Isa 41:4 (+אֶתֿ אַחֲדֹנִים), + אַחְרוֺן Isa 44:6; Isa 48:12 absolute of time, מֵרִאשׁוֺן Jer 17:12 from the beginning; especially first of a def. series (sometimes opposed to אַחֲרוֺן). first day of feast Deut 16:4; Exod 12:15 (twice in verse); Exod 12:16 + 5 t. P (H), Neh 8:18, usually first month (חֹרֶשׁ) Exod 40:2; Exod 40:17; Lev 23:5 + 6 t. P, 1Chr 12:16 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:15) + 10 t. Chronicles, Ezra, Esth 3:7; Dan 10:4, חֹדֶשׁ omitted Gen 8:13; Exod 12:2; Exod 12:18; Num 9:5 (all P) Ezek 29:17; Ezek 30:20; Ezek 45:18; Ezek 45:21, so Joel 2:23, but read כָּרִאשׁוֺנָה (3 a) ᵐ5 ᵑ6 We Now and Dr.
  b. first in degree, chief: יַד הַשָּׂרִיםרִ֗֗֗אשׁוֺנָה Ezra 9:2 the hand of the princes ... has been first in this trespass; 1Chr 18:17; Dan 10:13 (Chronicles, Esth 1:14 below).
3. a. feminine with preposition as adverb phrase: (1) of time, בָּרִאשֹׁנָה Gen 13:4 (J), = before, formerly, so Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6 (JE), 2Sam 7:10; 2Sam 20:18; Jer 7:12; Isa 52:4, ׳לָר = before, formerly, Gen 28:19 (J), Judg 18:29 so ׳כְּבָר as formerly Judg 20:32; 1Kgs 13:6; Isa 1:26; Jer 33:7; Jer 33:11, = ׳כָּ ר Deut 9:15; Dan 11:29 (opposed to כָּאַחֲרוֺנָה); בָּר = at first, first of all, Deut 13:10; Deut 17:7; (P) Josh 8:33 (D), 1Kgs 17:13; 1Kgs 20:9; Zech 12:7; Prov 20:21 (opposed to אַחֲרִיתָהּ), 1Chr 11:6 (twice in verse); 1Chr 17:9; Neh 7:5 לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה 1Chr 15:13 (= ׳לְמַהבָּֿר) for what was at first, etc. (מָךְ 1 e); (2) location, ׳בָּר i.e. at the head of an army 1Kgs 20:17, a procession Num 10:14 (P), compare Isa 60:9.
  b. רִאשֹׁנָה alone as adverb: (1) of time first Gen 38:28 (J), 1Kgs 18:25; Jer 16:18; Lev 5:8; Num 2:9; Josh 21:10 (all P), Isa 65:7 (Ew De Che Di Du Skinner, >adjective Ges Hi Kn); (2) of place Gen 33:2 (J); (3) of degree, rank, Esth 1:14.

first, former, things, beginning, chief, …
riʾšôn
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
  • (adj) first, primary, former
    • former (of time)
      • ancestors
        • "former things
      foremost (of location)"first (in time)"first, chief (in degree)
    (adv) first, before, formerly, at first

וּ מָלַ֧ק
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
מָלַ֧ק
Root word off
Dictionary form: מָלַק · maw-LAHK

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and wring off
and wring off ×2
More options
wring off — Modernized KJV; most natural for ritual bird sacrifice
snap off — Vivid, precise; suits sudden twisting removal of head
pinch off — Common modern term for removing with fingers/nails
twist off — Emphasizes the rotating motion of the action
nip off — Concise; works well in cultic/priestly contexts

BDB4703 H4454

BDB4702 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4704

מָלַק verb nip, nip off (head of bird; without necessarily severing it from body, compare Lev 5:8) (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic מְלַק,); —

Qal Perfect consecutive וּמָלַק אֶתרֿאֹשׁוֺ Lev 1:15, i.e. head of dove; compare וּמָלַק אֶתרֿאֹשׁוֺ מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֺ וְלֹא יַבְדִּיל Lev 5:8. compare Di-Ry. ᵐ5 ἀποκνίζω.

I, II. מַלְקוֺחַ, מֶלְקָחַ֫יִם, מַלְקָחַ֫יִם see לקח.

מַלְקוֺשׁ see לקשׁ. מֶלְתָּחָה see לתח.

[מַלְתָּעוֺת] see מְתַלְּעוֺת below תלע.

מַמְּגֻרוֺת see I. גור [מֵמַד] see מדד.

off
mālaq
to crack a joint; by implication, to wring the neck of a fowl (without separating it)
  • (Qal) to nip, nip off (head of a bird)

אֶת
אֶת
Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated
Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54
More options
[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.
with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.
from — Use when context implies source or separation.
along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.
together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.
among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

BDB852 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB854

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; ˜אֹתְךָ, ˜אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once ˜אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once ˜אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also ˜אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schrödp. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS1640 f., Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di§ 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Olp. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
  a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿ˜כֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges«GKC:117»§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
  b. with a passive verb (Ges«GKC:121»§ 121. 1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַ˜ברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare DrJPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Exod 1:7 +.
  c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
  d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
  a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
  b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
  c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see GieZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

BDB9599 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9601

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; ZinjirliHad. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb263 Cooke170; compare RÉS468); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …
ʾēt
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
  • sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

רֹאשׁ ֛וֹ
רֹאשׁ
Root word head, chief, heads, top, beginning, …
֛וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: רֹאשׁ · rohsh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his head
the head ×56 his head ×49 the chief ×33 the top ×30 head ×23 their heads ×21 the heads ×19 chief ×17
More options
head — Primary anatomical or positional sense; most versatile.
top — Prefer for mountains, pillars, or physical summits.
leader — Best when רֹאשׁ denotes a person of authority.
chief — Titular sense; fits ranks, tribes, or priestly roles.
beginning — Use for temporal or sequential firsts.
sum — Specific to census or enumeration contexts.

BDB7678 H7218 H7226 H4763 H7219 H7220

BDB7677 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7679

I. רֹאשׁ599 noun masculineLev 13:45 head (common Semitic word; earliest form *ra°š, Arabic , Sabean ראס PräZMG xxix (1875). 425 MordtmHim.Inschr. 31; Ethiopic Amharic hence (a heightened) Assyrian rêšu (rarely râšu), Aramaic רֵישָׁא (Egyptian Aramaic ראש CookeNorth-Semitic Inscr. 404), , modern (Ma'lûla) ra±ša, HuartJAs xii (1878), 491 Duvalid. xiii(1879), 464; Palmyrene רשא, Lzb366, compare Biblical Hebrew רִישׁוֺן, רֵאשִׁית; from*ra'š, also Biblical Hebrew רָאשׁ֩, ראֹשׁ (LagSymm. i. 113), Tel Amarna rušu(nu) Wkl189, 18 (gloss to ‡a‡‡adunu), Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; SI6 ראש, Phoenician רשׁ, ראש (in proper name), Punic rus (in proper name, of a location) SchrödPhoenician Spr.133, ראשת choicest, chief; on MI20 (suffix) רשה, Lev 1:28 ש[ר], compare Sm. u. So14 NöLCB Jan. 8, 1887, 60); — ׳ר absolute Gen 3:15 +, construct Gen 40:20 +; suffix ראֹשִׁי vGen 40:16 +, etc.; plural רָאשִׁים (for רְאָשִׁים֩ NöGGA 1884, 1019) Exod 18:25 +; construct רָאשֵׁי Hos 7:13 + [מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי 1Sam 26:12 see מְרַאֲשׁוֺת below]; suffix רָאשֵׁינוּ 1Chr 12:19, רָאשֵׁיכֶם Isa 29:10 +, etc.; —

1. a. (c. 230 t.) head, of human being; man Gen 40:16; Gen 40:17. + often, גֶּבֶר ׳לְר Judg 5:30 for the head of a man, i.e. for each man, per capita; woman 2Kgs 9:30; Deut 21:12; Num 5:18; Esth 2:17 boy 2Kgs 4:19 (twice in verse); Gen 48:14 (twice in verse) +; of ׳י, under figure of armed man Ps 60:9 = Ps 108:9 of idol 1Sam 5:4 of gates, personified Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9.
  b. head, of animals: of serpent Gen 3:15, dog 2Sam 3:8, ass 2Kgs 6:25, of הַחַיָּה in Ezek 1:22 compare vEzek 1:22 vEzek 1:26, of הַכְּרֻבִים Ezek 10:1 compare vEzek 10:11 of sea-monsters, לִוְיָתָן Job 40:31; Ps 74:14, תַּנִּינִים vPs 74:13 especially of animals for sacrifice Exod 12:9; Exod 29:15; Exod 29:19; Lev 1:4; Lev 1:8; Lev 1:12; Lev 1:15; Lev 3:2; Lev 3:8 + 18 t. P; in phrase וְזָנָב ׳ר Isa 9:13 (figurative of noble and commoner) compare v.Isa 9:14; Isa 19:15, so (figurative of relative dignity, power, influence) Deut 28:13; Deut 28:44.
2. a. top (88 t.): of mountain, הַר, Gen 8:5; Exod 19:20 (twice in verse); Exod 24:17; Exod 34:2 + 34 t.; hill, גִּבְעָה, Exod 17:9; Exod 17:10 (E), 2Sam 8:25 מְרוֺמִים ׳ר Prov 8:2 + Prov 1:21 Toy (for ᵑ0 הֹמִיּוֺת), גֵּיא ׳ר שְׁמָנִים Isa 28:1; Isa 28:4 of rocks, צֻרִים, Num 23:9 (JE), crag, סֶלַע, 2Chr 25:12 (twice in verse); tower Gen 11:4 (J), stronghold Judg 6:26, ladder Gen 28:12 (E), tree 2Sam 5:24 = 1Chr 14:15, bough Isa 17:6 compare Ezek 17:4; Ezek 17:22, mast (?; חִבֵּל) Prov 23:34 (otherwise Toy); of ears of grain, שִׁבֹּלֶת Job 24:24, of stone Gen 28:18 (E), bed, מִטָּה, Gen 47:31 (J), throne, עָגוֺל לַכִּסֵּה׳ר 1Kgs 10:19, tabernacle, or its wall, Exod 26:24 = Exod 36:29 (P); pillar ( =capital) 1Kgs 7:16; 1Kgs 7:17 + 13: t., מְכוֺנָה v1Kgs 7:35 v1Kgs 7:35, lampstand Zech 4:2 (twice in verse), high priest's robe, מְעִיל, Exod 28:32 (P), פִּנָּה ׳ר Ps 118:22 top of (the) corner, i.e. most conspicuous stone (figurative); = tip, end, of staves 1Kgs 8:8= 2Chr 5:9, of sceptre Esth 5:2.
  b. height of stars Job 22:12 (|| גֹּבַהּ שָׁמַיִם).
3.: 171
  a. head = chief (man) Judg 10:18; Judg 11:8; Judg 11:9; Judg 11:11; Exod 18:25 (E), Num 1:16 (P), Deut 1:15; Hos 2:2; Mic 3:1 + often; apparently combined with idea of first in a series 1Chr 12:10. (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:9, series of 11); of God 2Chr 13:12.
  b. = chief (city) Josh 11:10 (D), compare (of city and king) Isa 7:3; Isa 7:8; Isa 7:9 (twice in verse).
  c. chief nation Jer 31:7.
  d. =chief (place, position) 1Sam 9:22; 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:12; Deut 20:9; 1Chr 4:42 (compare also 5).
  e. הָראֹשׁ chief priest 2Kgs 25:18= Jer 52:24; 2Chr 19:11; 2Chr 24:11; 2Chr 26:20, הַכֹּחֵן ראֹשׁ 1Chr 27:5, ׳הָר ׳הַכּ 2Chr 31:10; Ezra 7:5 ׳י alone 2Chr 24:6 רָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים Neh 12:7. feminine especially = head of a family (P Chronicles); רָאשֵׁי בֵּית (rare ראֹשׁ) אֲבוֺתָ (םׅ) Exod 6:14; Num 7:2; Num 17:18; Josh 22:14; 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 7:7; 1Chr 7:9 בֵּית הָאָבוֺת ׳ר v1Chr 7:40 לְבֵית אֲבֹתָיו ׳ר Num 1:4, compare 1Chr 5:15; 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 7:2; 1Chr 9:13; 1Chr 24:4 אֻמּוֺת בַּיתאָֿב ׳ר Num 25:15 אֲבוֺת ׳ר הָעַדָה Num 31:26 compare Num 32:28; Josh 14:1; Josh 21:1 אֲבוֺת הַלְוִיִּם ׳ר Exod 6:25; Josh 21:1 (הָ)אָבוֺת לַלְּוִיִם ׳ר 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 9:34; 1Chr 15:12, compare Num 36:1; Josh 19:51; 1Chr 8:6; 1Chr 8:13; 1Chr 23:9; 1Chr 23:24 + 10 t. Chronicles; absolute ׳ר (הָ)אָבוֺת 1Chr 8:10; 1Chr 8:28; 1Chr 9:9; 1Chr 26:32; 1Chr 27:1; 2Chr 1:2 + 8 t. Ezra Nehemiah (Chronicles); אֲכֹתֵיהֶם ׳ר Ezra 8:1 רָאשִׁים לְאָכוֺת Neh 11:13 so also ׳י alone 1Chr 5:7; 1Chr 5:12; 1Chr 7:3; 1Chr 8:28 +; apparently combined with idea of first in a series 1Chr 23:8 (series of 3), v1Chr 23:11 (of 4), v1Chr 23:19 (of 3), v1Chr 23:20 (of 2).
4. a. head=front, leader's place Mic 2:13; 2Chr 20:27, compare Amos 6:7.
  b. of time, beginning, of night-watch Judg 7:19; Lam 2:19 absolute מֵראֹשׁ from the beginning Isa 40:21; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:26 (|| מִלְּפָנִים), Isa 48:16; Prov 8:23 (|| מֵעוֺלָם),. Eccl 3:11 (|| עַדסֿוֺף); first of months Exod 12:2 (|| רִאשׁוֺן), Num 10:10; Num 28:11 (all P); בָּראֹשׁ 1Chr 16:7 at first.
  c. of things, river-heads Gen 2:10 (J); עַפְרוֺת תֵּכֵל ׳ר Prov 8:26.
5. chief, choicest, best, of spices, כשׂמ(יםׅ, Ezek 27:22; Exod 30:23 (P), Song 4:14 שִׂמְחָתִי ׳ר Ps 137:6 the choicest of my joy.
6. head = division of army, company, band : Judg 7:16; Judg 7:20; Judg 9:34; Judg 9:37; Judg 9:43; Judg 9:44 (twice in verse); 1Sam 11:11; 1Sam 13:17 (twice in verse); 1Sam 13:18 (twice in verse) Job 1:17.
7. =sum, especially in phrase ׳בְּנֵייִֿשׂ ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿ Exod 30:12take the sum of, enumerate, compare Num 1:2; Num 1:49; Num 4:2; Num 4:22; Num 26:2; Num 31:26; Num 31:49 בְּראֹשׁוֺ Lev 5:24 in its sum, i.e. in full, so Num 5:7 (all P); of ׳י's thoughts Ps 139:17 compare ראֹשׁ דְּבָֽרְךָ אֱמֶתPs 119:160.
8. other phrase are : ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿאֹשׁ פ see נָשָׂא Qal 1 b (2); יָרוּם ראֹשִׁי עַלאֹֿיְבַי Ps 27:6, מֵרִים ראֹשִׁי ׳י Ps 3:4 (Ps 110:7; Ps 140:10 see רום); shake the head, see נוּעַ Hiph`il, compare יָנִיד בְּראֹשׁוֺ Jer 8:16, מְנוֺד ראֹשׁ Ps 44:15 נָתַן דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ, i.e. requite, see נתן Qal 2 b near the end; יָשׁוּב גְּמֻלְךָ ׳בְּר Obad 1:15, compare Ps 7:17; 1Kgs 2:33 (below דָּם 2 i and (with ׳עַלרֿ) Esth 9:25, הֵשִׁיב רָעָה בְּראֹשׁ Judg 9:57; 1Sam 25:39; 1Kgs 2:44, compare Joel 1Kgs 4:4; 1Kgs 4:7; 1Kgs 2:32 (sub דָּם 2 i, compare Neh 3:36 (אֶלרֿאֹשָׁם), see also 2Sam 3:29 below 1. חוּל 3; see, further, דָּם 2 i; Dan 1:10 see חוּב Pi`el

BDB9878 H7217 H7218

BDB9877 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9879

רֵאשׁ noun masculineDan 7:6 head (Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap.; Palmyrene רש; ᵑ7 רֵישׁ, Syriac ; Biblical Hebrew ראֹשׁ); — construct ׳ר Dan 7:1 emphatic הָ֯ Dan 2:38 suffix רֵאשׁי Dan 4:2 +, חָ֯ Dan 2:28, הֵּ֯ vDan 2:32 +, הַּ֯ Dan 7:20, הֵ֯וֺן Dan 3:27 plural absolute רֵאשִׁין Dan 7:6, suffix רָאשֵׁיהֹם (K§§ 53, Anm. b); 63 GuHpt on the passage) Ezra 5:10 —

1. head of man Dan 3:27, compare Dan 7:9 in vision: of image Dan 2:32; Dan 2:38, beast Dan 7:6; Dan 7:20.
2. head as seat of visions, הֶזְוֵי רֵאשָׁךְ, etc., Dan 2:28; Dan 4:2; Dan 4:7; Dan 4:10; Dan 7:1; Dan 7:15.
3. = chief, ׳בְּר Ezra 5:10 in the capacity of their chiefs.
4. sum, essential content, of matters Dan 7:1 (NesMM 40 beginning).

head, chief, heads, top, beginning, …
rōš
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
  • head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
    • head (of man, animals)
      • "top, tip (of mountain)"height (of stars)"chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)"head, front, beginning"chief, choicest, best"head, division, company, band"sum

מִ מּ֥וּל
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
מּ֥וּל
Preposition against, toward, before, it, forefront, …
Dictionary form: מוּל · mool

Preposition

In the KJV here: from
over against ×13 against ×3 toward ×3 before ×2 it ×2 upon them over against ×2 from ×1 in the forefront ×1
More options
opposite — Most versatile modern choice for spatial contrast.
facing — Prefer when two parties are turned toward each other.
in front of — Emphasizes forward position; good for forefront contexts.
across from — Useful for separated but aligned positions.
toward — When direction rather than fixed position is stressed.
before — Retain for formal or ceremonial/liturgical passages.

BDB4432 H4136 H8040

BDB4431 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4433

לְמוֺא֯ל Neh 12:38 read לַשְּׂמאֹל, see שׂמאל.

BDB4546 H4136

BDB4545 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4547

I. מוּל, מוֺל ( Deut 1:1), מוֺאל ( Neh 12:38) substantive and preposition front, in front of (derivatives dubious; according to Ol§ 223 c Sta§ 378 a, for מְאוֺל from אוּל to be in front: see further Köii. 300 f. HptBAS i. 172): —

1. substantive only 1Kgs 7:5 (si vera 1.: see StaZAW 1883, 151) וּמוּל מֶחֱזָה אֶלמֶֿחֱזָה and the front of (one) window was towards (the other) window, and Neh 12:38 לְמוֺאל = in the opposite direction (but read probably לִשְׂמאוֺל, compare לַיָּמִין vNeh 12:31).
2. as preposition, Deut 1:1; Deut 2:19 מוּל בני עמון in front of the Ammonites, Deut 3:29 (= Deut 4:46; Deut 34:6) מוּל בית פעור, Deut 11:30; Josh 18:18; Josh 19:46 מוּל יָפוֺ 1Sam 14:5 (twice in verse); figurative Exod 18:19 הֱיֵה אַתָּה לעם מול האלהים in front of God, i.e. representing God to them. With prefixes: —
  a. אלמֿול towards the front of, 1Sam 17:30 מֵאֶצְלוֺ אֶלמֿוּל אַחֵר וַיִּסֹב to the front of another; on the front of, Exod 34:3 (pregnantly) וְאַליִֿרְעוּ אלמֿול ההר, Joel Exod 8:33 (twice in verse); Exod 9:1; Exod 22:11 (see WAWJPhoenician xiii. 117 ff.); specifically מוּל פְּנֵי אֶלֿ towards or on the forefront of, Exod 26:9; Exod 28:25 (|| Exod 39:18), vExod 39:37; Lev 8:9; Num 8:2; Num 8:3; 2Sam 11:15 set ye Uriah אלמֿול פני המלחמה.
  b. מִמּוּל: —
   (a) from the front of, Mic 2:8 (text dubious: read probably מֵעַל).
   (b) of position, off (see מן 1 c) the front of, Lev 5:8 מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֺ off the front of its neck, i.e. close in front of it, Num 22:5 והוא יושׁב מִמֻּלִי close in front of me, 2Sam 5:23 (1Chr 14:14) ממול בכאים ובאת להם come to them off the front of the mulberry-trees, 1Kgs 7:39 (2Chr 4:10) מִמּוּל נֶגֶב; מִמּוּל פָּנָיו on the forefront of, Exod 28:27 (|| Exod 39:20).

against, toward, before, it, forefront, …
mûl
properly, abrupt, i.e., a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite
  • (n m) front
    • front
      • "in the opposite direction
    (prep) in front of
    • in front of
      • "(with prefix)
      • towards the front of, to the front of, on the front of
        • "from the front of, off the front of, close in front of, on the forefront of

עָרְפּ ֖וֹ
עָרְפּ
Root word neck, necks, back, backs, stiffnecked
֖וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: עֹרֶף · oh-REP

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his neck
their necks ×4 his neck ×3 their backs ×3 their neck ×3 me the necks ×2 and stiffnecked ×1 and thy neck ×1 art a stiffnecked ×1
More options
back of the neck — Most precise anatomical sense; prefer in literal contexts.
nape — Concise, modern anatomical term for the back of the neck.
neck — General term; suitable when exact position is unimportant.
back — Use when context implies turning away or fleeing.
scruff — Informal; vivid for grasping or subduing imagery.
stiff-necked — Idiomatic for stubbornness; retain in figurative passages.

BDB6402 H6203

BDB6401 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6403

עֹ֫רֶף noun masculineDeut 31:27 back of neck, neck; — ׳ע absolute Josh 7:12 +; construct Gen 49:8 +; suffix עָרְפִּי Job 16:12, עָרְפְּךָ Deut 31:27, etc.; —

1. back of neck of fleeing foe ׳וגו ׳יָָֽדְךָ בְּע Gen 49:8 (poem in J), compare וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי Job 16:12 (figurative); Exod 23:27 (E), Ps 18:41 = 2Sam 22:41 turn (הָפַח, פָּנָה) one's back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Josh 7:8; Josh 7:12 (JE), absolute Jer 48:39 figurative of apostasy אֶל ׳פָּנָה ע Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (opposed to פָּנָה פָנִים) absolute ׳וַיִּתְּנּוּ ע 2Chr 29:6 of ׳י's disfavour וְלֹא פָנִים אֶרְאֵם ׳ע Jer 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them.
2. figurative in ׳קְשֵׁהעֿ stiff of neck, i.e. obstinate, of Israel Exod 32:8; Exod 33:3; Exod 33:5; Exod 34:9 (all J E), Deut 9:6; Deut 9:13 עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה Deut 31:27 with verb ׳הִקְשָׁה ע i.e. be obstinate, intractable Deut 10:16; Jer 7:26; Jer 17:23; Jer 19:15; 2Kgs 17:14 (twice in verse); Neh 9:16; Neh 9:17; Neh 9:29; 2Chr 30:8 compare ׳גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע Isa 48:4 (|| קָשֶׁה אָ֑תָּה); ׳הִקְשָׁה ע of individual 2Chr 36:13; Prov 29:1.
3. of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֺ Lev 5:8 (P).

neck, necks, back, backs, stiffnecked
ʿōrep
the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)
  • neck, back of the neck, back
    • back of the neck
      • of fleeing foe
        • "of apostasy (figuratively)
      stiff of neck, obstinate (figuratively)

וְ לֹ֥א
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
לֹ֥א
Particle not
Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: but shall not
not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86
More options
not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.
no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.
never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.
nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.
neither — Use when negating two elements together.
none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

BDB4266 H3808

BDB4265 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4267

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Köii. 1. 236 WalkerAJSL 1896, 237 ff.) — לוֺא, according to Masora (FrMM 248), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.p. 251), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
  a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
   (a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges«GKC:156»§ 156. 3 R. b, c Dr§ 162). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr§ 115, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges«GKC:152»§ 152. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges«GKC:109»§ 109. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
   (b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr§ 202. 2); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
   (c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָ˜בר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
   (d) standing alone:
   (a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
   (e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew§ 324 a Ges«GKC:150»§ 150. 1 Dr1Sam 11:12): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
  b. with adjectives and substantive:
   (a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
   (b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר
2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
   (c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew§ 320 c Dr§ 162): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
  a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
  b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
  c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
  d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), vb בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew§ 286 g Ges«GKC:152»§ 152. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, vb Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
  e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr§ 164), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Köii. 1. 236 f.
4. With prefixes: —
  a. בְּלֹא31 (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
   (a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
   (b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
   (c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.


  b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
   (a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.


  c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
  d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.


  e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see DePs 100. 3 FrMM 247 StrProl. Cr. 84), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

BDB4343 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4345

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

BDB9631 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9633

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb301 CookG1. 67); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K§ 67, 1 Dr§ 202, 2.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, DAramaic Dialektproben, p. 1). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, neither, nor, none, …
lōʾ
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
  • not, no
    • not (with verb—absolute prohibition)
      • "not (with modifier—negation)"nothing (subst)"without (with particle)"before (of time)

יַבְדִּֽיל
יַבְדִּֽיל
Root word separated, separate, difference, divide, divided, …
Dictionary form: בָּדַל · baw-DAHL

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: divide it asunder
separated ×6 and divided ×2 divide it asunder ×2 separated themselves ×2 thou shalt separate ×2 and have severed ×1 and separate yourselves ×1 and that ye may put difference ×1
More options
separate — Most versatile; works for both physical and social contexts.
divide — Prefer when splitting into two distinct parts or categories.
set apart — Ideal for ritual/holy distinction, e.g. Levitical contexts.
distinguish — Best when emphasis is on discerning a difference between things.
segregate — Strong social/communal separation; use with care for connotation.
exclude — Use when one party is removed from a group or community.

BDB919 H914

BDB918 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB920

[בָּדַל] verb be divided, separate (Arabic change, substitute, Mishna בָּדַל divide, Syriac Ithpe`el, Ethpe`el) —

Hiph`il divide, separate; Perfect הִבְדִּיל Num 16:9; Deut 10:8 suffix וְהִבְדִּילוֺ consecutive Deut 29:20 3 feminine singular וְהִבְדִּילָה Exod 26:33 וְהִבְדַּלְתָּ Num 8:14 הִבְדִּילוּ Ezek 22:26, etc. Imperfect יַבְדִּיל Lev 1:17 +; וַיַּבְדֵּל Gen 1:4; Gen 1:7; 1Chr 25:1 suffix יַבְדִּילַנִי Isa 56:3 וָאַבְדִּל Lev 20:26 וָאַבְדִּילָה Ezra 8:24, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַבְדֵּל Isa 56:3 construct לְהַבְדִּיל Gen 1:14 +; Participle מַבְדִּיל Gen 1:6 מַבְדִּילִים Isa 59:2 —
1. divide, separate, subject God Gen 1:4 followed by וּבֵין....בֵּין between light and darkness, compare vGen 1:7 subject heavenly bodies vGen 1:14 vGen 1:18 subject firmament followed by בֵּיןלְ֗֗֗ Gen 1:6 (all in P's source); Exod 26:33 of the פָּרֹכֶת in tabernacle, followed by בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין֗֗֗ לָכֶם; of iniquities, separating men from God בֵּין ֗֗֗ לְבֵין Isa 59:2.
2. separate, set apart, followed by מִן, of ׳י, setting off Israel from other peoples Lev 20:24 (H) Num 16:9 (P); Lev 20:26 followed by also לִהְיוֺת לִי; compare 1Kgs 8:53 לְךָ לְנַחֲלָה ׳הִבְדּ separate them to thyself as an inheritance; of Moses, setting apart Levites, followed by מִתּוֺח Num 8:14 of separating an individual from the people, i.e. excluding him Deut 29:20, followed by also לְרָעָה; followed by מֵעַל Isa 56:3 (twice in verse), i.e. excluding him; compare also Neh 13:3 followed by מִן; of setting apart (forbidding) beasts as unclean לָכֶם לְטַמֵּא Lev 20:25 of setting apart the tribe of Levi ׳לָשֵׂאת וגו Deut 10:8 (subject ׳י); compare also (hum. subject) 1Chr 25:1, followed by לַעֲבֹדָה, 2Chr 25:10 followed by Infinitive; similarly Ezra 8:24 even followed by participle Ezek 39:14 they shall set apart men עֹבְרִים, i.e. to pass through, or, men that shall pass through (RV); so of setting apart cities, accusative Deut 4:41 compare Deut 19:2; Deut 19:7.
3. make a distinction between clean and unclean, holy and profane, followed by בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין Lev 20:25 (H); Lev 10:10; Lev 11:47 (both P); followed by בֵּיןלְ֗֗֗ Ezek 22:26; Ezek 42:20.
4. divide into parts Lev 1:17; Lev 5:8 (P), prohibited in case of fowls offered in sacrifice. Niph`al Perfect נִבְדְּלוּ 1Chr 12:8; Ezra 9:1 Imperfect יִבָּדֵל Ezra 10:8 וַיִּבָּדֵל 1Chr 23:13 וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּ Ezra 10:16; Neh 9:2 Imperative הִבָּֽדְלוּ Num 16:21; Ezra 10:11 Participle נִבְדָּל Ezra 6:21; Neh 10:29.
1. (reflexive of Hiph`il 2)
  a. separate oneself from people of the land, heathen, and their practices, also from non-Jewish wives, followed by מִן Ezra 6:21; Ezra 9:1; Ezra 10:11; Neh 9:2 absolute in same sense Ezra 10:16 (compare StaG. ii. 199 & 179 n. WlPharisäer u. Sadd. 76).
  b. withdraw from (Moses & Aaron from Israel) Num 16:21 (P), followed by מִתּוֺח.
  c. separate oneself unto (אֶל) David 1Chr 12:8.
  d. Neh 10:29 combines
  a. &
  c. separate oneself מֵעַמֵּי הָֽאֲרָצוֺת אֶלתּֿוֺרַת הָאֱלֹהִים.
2. passive, be separated.
  a. be excluded from the people, followed by מִן Ezra 10:8.
  b. be set apart, of Aaron, followed by לְהַקְדִּישׁוֺ 1Chr 23:13. — On הבדיל, & distinction from הפריד see DrJPhoenician xi. 219.

separated, separate, difference, divide, divided, …
bādal
to divide (in variation senses literally or figuratively, separate, distinguish, differ, select, etc.)
  • to divide, separate
    • (Hiphil)
      • to divide, separate, sever
        • "to separate, set apart"to make a distinction, difference"to divide into parts
      (Niphal)
      • to separate oneself from (reflexive of 1a2)
        • "to withdraw from"to separate oneself unto"to be separated"to be excluded"to be set apart

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְהֵבִ֤יא אֹתָם֙ Pashta — a lesser break אֶל הַכֹּהֵ֔ן Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְהִקְרִ֛יב Tevir — a lesser break אֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַֽחַטָּ֖את Tipeha — a lesser break רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֑ה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וּמָלַ֧ק אֶת רֹאשׁ֛וֹ Tevir — a lesser break מִמּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖וֹ Tipeha — a lesser break וְלֹ֥א יַבְדִּֽיל Silluq — end of the verse

וְהֵבִיא אֹתָם אֶל-הַכֹּהֵן וְהִקְרִיב אֶת-אֲשֶׁר לַֽחַטָּאת רִֽאשׁוֹנָה וּמָלַק אֶת-רֹאשׁוֹ מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ וְלֹא יַבְדִּֽיל׃
8
And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder:
Cross References

Leviticus 1:15

וְהִקְרִיבוֹ הַכֹּהֵן אֶל-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּמָלַק אֶת-רֹאשׁוֹ וְהִקְטִיר הַמִּזְבֵּחָה וְנִמְצָה דָמוֹ עַל קִיר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃
15
And the priest shall bring it unto the altar, and wring off his head, and burn it on the altar; and the blood thereof shall be wrung out at the side of the altar:

Leviticus 1:17

וְשִׁסַּע אֹתוֹ בִכְנָפָיו לֹא יַבְדִּיל וְהִקְטִיר אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה עַל-הָֽעֵצִים אֲשֶׁר עַל-הָאֵשׁ עֹלָה הוּא אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃
17
And he shall cleave it with the wings thereof, but shall not divide it asunder: and the priest shall burn it upon the altar, upon the wood that is upon the fire: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.

1 Peter 3:18

ὅτι καὶ Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων ἵνα ἡμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ θεῷ θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζῳοποιηθεὶς δὲ τῷ πνεύματι·
18
For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:

Romans 4:25

ὃς παρεδόθη διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα ἡμῶν καὶ ἠγέρθη διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν
25
Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification.
Leviticus 5:7
Read Leviticus 5
Leviticus 5:9