Proverbs 15:18

אִ֣ישׁ חֵ֭מָה יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וְאֶ֥רֶך אַ֝פַּ֗יִם יַשְׁקִ֥יט רִֽיב
A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

אִ֣ישׁ
אִ֣ישׁ
Root word man, men, one, husband, mans, …
Dictionary form: אִישׁ · eesh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: man
man ×241 men ×209 a man ×163 every man ×120 the men ×118 the man ×107 every one ×81 one ×57
More options
man — Default singular; covers most direct references to an adult male.
person — Gender-neutral; prefer when context stresses individuality over sex.
husband — Use specifically in marriage or household relationship contexts.
someone — Indefinite pronoun; suits partitive or existential constructions.
everyone — Distributive sense; fits 'each/every man' idioms.
fellow — Informal register; good for relational or contemptuous contexts.

BDB389 H376 H381 H382

BDB388 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB390

אִישׁ2166 noun masculine man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Phoenician אש, perhaps also Sabean אסם compare Prätl.c, but DHMZMG 1883, 330) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:23 +; construct Gen 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Gen 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Ps 141:4 + 2 t. (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gen 12:20 +, from √ אנשׁ q. v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judg 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשַׁי 1Sam 23:12 etc.; — man, opposed to woman Gen 2:23; Gen 2:24; Lev 20:27; Num 5:6; Deut 17:2f; Josh 6:21; Josh 8:25; Jer 40:7, emphasis on sexual distinction & relation Gen 19:8; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:25; Exod 22:15; Lev 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַ֑ע) vLev 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה ׳זֿ׳אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ) Lev 20:10 f; Num 5:13f; Deut 22:22f; Isa 4:1 +; thence = husband, especially with suffix Gen 3:6; Gen 3:16; Gen 16:3; Gen 29:32; Gen 29:34; Lev 21:7; Num 30:7f; Deut 28:56; Judg 13:8f; Ruth 1:3f; 1Sam 25:19; Jer 29:6; Ezek 16:45 +; figurative of ׳י as husband of Israel אִישִׁי Hos 2:18 (opposed to בַּעְלִּי); man as procreator, father Eccl 6:3 of male child Gen 4:1 compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 1:11 man, opposed to beast Exod 11:7; Lev 20:15 (compare אָדָם); compare figurative Ps 22:7 but also of male of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse) (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֺ); man, opposed to God Gen 32:29; Num 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (|| וּבֶןאָֿדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם); Job 9:32; Job 32:13; Hos 11:9 compare Isa 31:8; Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּלבְּֿשַׂר אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2Sam 7:14 (|| נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 [

**אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 is textual error; We (apparently Sm) אֲנֻשִׁים; ToyHpt אוֺנִים (Hos 9:4).] (compare Isa 8:1); אַמַּתאִֿישׁ Deut 3:11 but also contracted אָדָם Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10 man, as valiant 1Sam 4:9 (twice in verse) (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1Kgs 2:2 compare 1Sam 26:15 so אִישׁ חַיִל 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Kgs 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Num 31:49; Deut 2:14; Deut 2:16; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:6 +; even of ׳י Exod 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; often prefixed to other nouns in apposition אָדוֺן ׳א Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33, שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט ׳א Exod 2:14, כֹּהֵן ׳א Lev 21:9, סָרִיס ׳א Jer 38:7 particular before adjective, of a people אִישׁ מִצְרִי Gen 39:1; Exod 2:11; Exod 2:19 compare Gen 37:28; Gen 38:1; Gen 38:2; Gen 39:14; 1Sam 17:12; 1Sam 30:11; 1Sam 30:13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Num 25:6; Judg 10:1 + (so Phoenician); usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1Sam 7:11; 1Sam 31:7 (twice in verse) compare Josh 7:4; Josh 7:5 +; also singularcollective Deut 27:14; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Judg 20:11; 1Sam 11:8 (see Dr) +; 2Sam 10:6; 2Sam 10:8 (טוֺב ׳א); (so MI10; MI13); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1Sam 18:27; 1Sam 23:3 f 1Sam 24:3; 1Sam 25:13 + compare Deut 33:8 singular collective see Di; אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים man of God = prophet Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6; 1Sam 9:6f; 1Kgs 12:13f + (see אלהים); in phrase followed by abstract אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה ׳א see above; שֵׂיבָה ׳א Deut 32:25, הַדָּמִים ׳א 2Sam 16:7 compare see 8, הַבְּלִיַּעַל ׳א 2Sam 16:7, מָוֶת ׳א 1Kgs 2:26, חָמָס ׳א Ps 140:12; Prov 3:31 +; followed by word of occupation, etc. שָׂדֶה׳א Gen 25:27, הָאֲדָמָה׳א Gen 9:20 (compare Zech 13:5), ׳א הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1Sam 17:4 (compare Dr) v1Sam 17:23, בְּשׂרָה ׳א 2Sam 18:20, אִישׁ עֲצָתוֺ his counsellor Isa 40:13, compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1Kgs 20:42, רֵעִים ׳א Prov 18:24 often distributive = each, every Gen 9:5; Gen 10:5; Gen 40:5 (twice in verse); Exod 12:3 +; including women Job 42:11; 1Chr 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָלאִֿישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּרלֶֿחֶם; of inanimate things 1Kgs 7:30; 1Kgs 7:36 also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exod 36:4; Num 4:19; Num 4:49; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 +; any one Exod 34:3 (twice in verse); Exod 34:24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lev 15:2; Lev 22:4; Lev 22:18 +; of gods 2Kgs 18:33 = Isa 36:18 one...another וְהִרְגוּ אִישֿׁ אֶתאָֿחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶתרֵֿעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶתקְֿרֹבוֺExod 32:27, אִישׁ ֗֗֗ אָחִיו Deut 1:16; Mic 7:2 (see אָח), אִישׁרֵ֗֗֗עֵהוּ Gen 11:3; Gen 11:7 + (see רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gen 15:10.

man, men, one, husband, mans, …
ʾîš
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
  • man
    • man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
      • "husband"human being, person (in contrast to God)"servant"mankind"champion"great man
    whosoever"each (adjective)

חֵ֭מָה
חֵ֭מָה
Root word fury, wrath, poison, furious, displeasure, …
Dictionary form: חֵמָה · hay-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a wrathful
my fury ×12 wrath ×9 fury ×6 and in my fury ×4 in fury ×4 his fury ×3 in my fury ×3 the wrath ×3
More options
rage — Strong, visceral anger; vivid and immediate in feel.
fury — Modernized KJV staple; intense, explosive outburst of anger.
wrath — Formal register; suits divine or judicial anger contexts.
indignation — Moral outrage; good for righteous or measured anger.
fierce anger — Emphatic phrase; use when intensity needs reinforcing.
venom — Captures the 'poison' sense; use in figurative or literal toxin contexts.

BDB2838 H2534

BDB2837 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2839

חֵמָא see חֵמָה below יחם.

BDB2852 H2534 H2529 H2552

BDB2851 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2853

חֵמָה wrath, see below יחם; חֵמָה Job 29:6, see חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֺן, חַמַּת see below חמם. below

BDB3521 H2534

BDB3520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3522

חֵמָה (once חֵמָא):121 noun feminine heat, rage (for יְחֵמָה ֗֗֗ ; Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יַחְמָא poison, heat, wrath, poison, BrockLex. 116, also Nö§ 103; Arabic poison, Lane651; Assyrian imtu, spittle, breath, poison, DlHWB 78 Muss-ArnCD 62) — absolute חֵמָה Nah 1:2 + 39 t.; חֵמָא Dan 11:44 construct חֲמַת Gen 27:44 + 25 t.; suffix חֲמָתִי Jer 4:4 + 36 t.; חֲמָֽתְךָ Jer 10:25 + 8 t.; חֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 88:8; Ps 89:47 חֲמָתוֺ Isa 51:17 + 8 t.; חֲמָתָם Job 6:4 plural חֵמוֺת Prov 22:24, חֵמֹת Ps 76:11 —

1. heat:
  a. fever, חֲמַת מִיַּיִן Hos 7:5 fever from wine, wine-fever (on stative construct see Ges«GKC:130»§ 130, 1).
  b. venom, poison (figurative): חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Deut 32:24 תַּנִּינִים ׳ח vDeut 32:33 נָחָשׁ ׳ח Ps 58:5 compare vPs 58:5 עַכְשׁוּב ׳ח Ps 140:4 poison of arrows (of ׳י) Job 6:4.
2. burning anger, rage:
  a. of man: Gen 27:44 (J), 2Sam 11:20; 2Kgs 5:12; Esth 1:12; Esth 2:1; Esth 3:5; Esth 5:9 (against, עַל), Esth 7:7; Esth 7:10; Ps 37:8 (|| אַף), Ps 76:11 (yet on text see Che), Prov 6:34; Prov 15:1; Prov 15:18 (אִישׁ חֵמָה man of rage = raging or wrathful man), Prov 16:4; Prov 19:19 (׳גְּדָלאח Qr = one great in rage, see De Now), Prov 27:4 (|| אַף), Isa 51:13 (twice in verse); Ezek 23:25 אִישׁ חֵמוֺת Prov 22:24 (|| בַּעַל אָ֑ף); בַּעַל חֵמָה Prov 29:22 (|| אִישׁ אַף); חֵמָה עַזָּה strong rage Prov 21:14 (|| אַף); חֲמַת רוּחִי Ezek 3:14 the rage of my spirit.
  b. of the he-goat in Daniel's vision, בַּחֲמַת כֹחוֺ Dan 8:6 in the fury of his power.
  c. of God (׳י), often Jeremiah, Isa2, Ezekiel, Psalms: Jer 4:4 + 16 t. Jeremiah; 2Kgs 22:13; 2Kgs 22:17; Isa 27:4 (Hi Ew Di Du; on other interpretations, and on text see Di), Isa 63:5; Lam 2:4; Ezek 5:13 + 29 t. Ezekiel; Num 25:11 (P), 2Chr 12:7; 2Chr 34:21; 2Chr 34:25; 2Chr 36:16; Ps 59:14; Ps 79:6; Ps 88:8; Ps 89:47; Ps 106:23; Job 21:20 apparently also Job 19:29; Job 36:18 see Di; often || אַף Mic 5:14; Deut 9:19; Deut 29:22; Isa 42:25 (אַפּוֺ as appositive, + עֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה), Isa 63:3; Isa 63:6; Dan 9:16; Ps 6:2; Ps 78:38; Ps 90:7 לְהָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ Ps 66:15 (|| וְגַעֲרַתוֺ בְּלַהֲבֵיאֵֿשׁ), + Jer 23:19; Jer 30:23 of the whirlwind of ׳י; || אַף + קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל Deut 29:27; Jer 21:5; Jer 32:37 || אַף + תֹּכְחוֺת חֵמָה Ezek 5:15, compare תּוֺכְחוֺת חֵמָה alone Ezek 25:17 || חֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ Nah 1:6; Lam 4:11 || קֶצֶף Isa 34:2 (of fury against, על ), Ps 38:2 || גְּעָרָה Isa 51:20 || גְּמוּל Isa 59:18 || קִנְאָה Ezek 36:6, compare חֵמָה גְדוֺלָה קִנֵּאתִי Zech 8:2 (|| קִנְאָה גדולה); דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Ezek 16:38 (on text see Co); חֲמַת קֶ֑רִי Lev 26:28 rage of meeting, i.e. encountering them in rage; כּוֺס חֲמָתוֺ(ת־ִיׅ Isa 51:17; Isa 51:22 the cup of his (my) fury; כּוֺס הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה הַזּאֹת Jer 25:15 בַּעַל חֵמָה a possessor of fury = furious Nah 1:2 (|| נֹקֵם, אֵל קִנּוֺא). [חֵמָה עַל = rage against one: Isa 34:2; 2Chr 28:9. — Vbs. used with חֵמָה are:
2. a.: שׁוּב Gen 27:44, הֵשִׁיב Prov 15:1, עָלָה 2Sam 11:20, בָּעַר Esth 1:12, שָׁכַךְ Esth 2:1; Esth 7:10
2. c.: הֵשִׁיב turn away wrath of ׳י Num 25:11; Ps 106:23; Jer 18:20 (but הָשִׁיכ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ Isa 66:15 to recompense his anger in fury, give it as requital); ׳י ׳ח is kindled against one יצת ב Niph`al 2Kgs 22:13; 2Kgs 22:17 it burns בָּֽעֲרָה Jer 4:4; Jer 21:12; Jer 44:6; Ps 89:47 arises עלה 2Chr 36:16, compare as object of עלה Hiph`il Ezek 24:8 is poured out נִתְּכָה בְ 2Chr 12:7; 2Chr 34:21; 2Chr 34:25; Jer 7:20 נִתְּכָה עַל Jer 42:18 (twice in verse); Jer 44:6 נִתְּכָה כָאֵשׁ Nah 1:6 ׳י pours it out שָׁפַךְ אֶל Ps 79:6 שָׁפַךְ עַל Isa 42:25; Jer 10:25; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 9:8; Ezek 14:19; Ezek 16:38 (according to Co's conjecture), Ezek 20:8; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:21; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 30:15; Ezek 36:18 שָׁפַךְ כָּאֵשׁ Lam 2:4 חֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה Ezek 20:33; Ezek 20:34 בְ ׳הֵנִיחַ ח bring to rest (i.e. satisfy) one's fury upon Ezek 5:13; Ezek 16:42; Ezek 24:13 ׳כִּלָּה ח Lam 4:11 + בְּ Ezek 5:13 I have accomplished my fury upon them (in their case), Ezek 6:12; Ezek 13:15.]

יַחְמוּר see below IV. חמר

יַחְמַי see below חמה

BDB9578 H2534 H3179

BDB9577 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9579

יחם (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew יָחַם, whence חֵמָה).

fury, wrath, poison, furious, displeasure, …
ḥēmâ
heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
  • heat, rage, hot displeasure, indignation, anger, wrath, poison, bottles
    • heat
      • fever
        • "venom, poison (figuratively)
      burning anger, rage

יְגָרֶ֣ה
יְגָרֶ֣ה
Root word up, meddle, contend, striven
Dictionary form: גָּרָה · ɡaw-RAW

Verb — Piel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: stirreth up
stirreth up ×3 meddle ×2 shall be stirred up ×2 shouldest thou meddle ×2 and be stirred up ×1 contend ×1 contend with them ×1 it and contend ×1
More options
contend — Neutral, formal; suits legal or adversarial contexts.
provoke — Highlights intentional instigation of conflict.
stir up — Captures incitement or agitation; good for figurative use.
pick a fight — Colloquial; vivid for narrative or dialogue contexts.
meddle — Emphasizes unwanted interference; use when intrusion is the focus.
engage in strife — Formal phrase; suits poetic or elevated register.

BDB1734 H1624

BDB1733 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1735

[גָּרָה] verb only Pi`el stir up strife, Hithpa`el engage in strife (compare Late Hebrew Pi`el stir up, excite, against (בְּ) Hithpa`el; Aramaic Pa`el גָּרֵא ; especially Assyrian garû, Qal attack, be at war with, garû, girû, enemy, etc. AsrbAnnals iv. 49, 50 (KBii. 190) also SASmithAssurbanipal i. ii. Glossary; Arabic is run, especially of water, flow, etc.) —

Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְגָרֶה Prov 15:18; Prov 28:25; Prov 29:22, all with object מָדוֺן excite, stir up, strife. — On גֵּרָה Deut 14:8 see I. גֵּרָה below גרר. Hithpa`el Perfect 2 feminine singular הִתְגָּרִיתְ Jer 50:24 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְגָּרֶה Dan 11:25, וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו vDan 11:10 2 masculine singular תִּתְגָּרֶה 2Kgs 14:19; 2Chr 25:19 jussive with apocope תִּתְגָּר Deut 2:9; Deut 2:19 3 masculine plural יִתְגָּרוּ Prov 28:4; Dan 11:10, compare Dan 11:10 Kt., see above; 2 masculine plural תִּתְגָּרוּ Deut 2:5 (jussive); Imperative masculine singular הִתְגָּר Deut 2:24 —
1. excite oneself against (בְּ person), engage in strife with, literally Deut 2:5; Deut 2:19; 2Kgs 14:19 = 2Chr 25:19 (followed by בְּרָעָה; — רעה personified as challenged opponent); also + accusative of manner, מִלְחָמָה Deut 2:9; Deut 2:24 figurative וְשֹׁמְרֵי תוֺרָה יִתְגָּרוּ בָם Prov 28:4 while they that keep the law are at strife with them, i.e. with those that forsake it.
2. absolute, excite oneself (against foe), wage war, only Dan 11: יִתְגָּרוּ וְאָֽסְפוּ הֲמוֺן חֲיָלִים רַבִּים vProv 28:10 they shall wage war, etc.; וְיָשֹׁב וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו עַדמָֿעֻזֹּה vProv 28:10 and he shall return and war, even to his stronghold; vProv 28:25 followed by לַמִּלְחָמָה + בְּחַיִל גָּדוֺל (instrumental)

up, meddle, contend, striven
gārâ
properly, to grate, i.e., (figuratively) to anger
  • to cause strife, stir up, contend, meddle, strive, be stirred up
    • (Piel) to stir up strife, excite strife
      • "(Hithpael)
      • to excite oneself against, engage in strife
        • "to excite oneself (against foe), wage war

מָד֑וֹן
מָד֑וֹן
Root word strife, contention, contentious, contentions, discord, …
Dictionary form: מָדוֹן · maw-DONE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: strife
strife ×4 and contention ×2 and a contentious ×1 and their contentions ×1 discord ×1 hath contentions ×1 of contention ×1 of strife ×1
More options
conflict — Broad, neutral; fits most prose contexts well.
quarrel — Emphasizes interpersonal dispute; good for relational contexts.
strife — Modernized KJV staple; slightly elevated but still current.
discord — Highlights broken harmony; suits communal or household settings.
contention — Retains formal register; fits legal or rhetorical contexts.
wrangling — Vivid, colloquial; captures ongoing, petty argument well.

BDB1922 H4066 H4079 H4090 H4067 H4060

BDB1921 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1923

I. מָדוֺן noun masculineProv 22:10 strife, contention — Ps 80:7 + 9 t.; plural מִדְיָנִים Prov 18:18, מִדְ֯וָנִים Prov 18:19 + 7 t.; contracted into מְדָנִים Prov 6:19; Prov 10:12, מִדְ֯נִים Prov 6:14 construct מִדְיְנֵי Prov 19:13.

1. strife, contention, almost wholly Proverbs: — Prov 18:19; Prov 23:29; Prov 26:20 also Prov 17:14 (|| רִיב), Prov 22:10 (|| דִּין וְקָלוֺן); יִשָּׂא ׳מ Hab 1:3 contention ariseth (|| ריב); ׳שׁלּח מ let loose strife Prov 6:14; Prov 16:28 ׳יְגָרֶה מ he stirreth up strife Prov 15:18; Prov 28:25; Prov 29:22 note especially אִישׁ מִדְוָ֯נִים Prov 26:21 = a contentious, quarrelsome man; oftener ׳אֵשֶׁת מ = a contentious woman Prov 21:9; Prov 25:24; Prov 27:15, compare וָכָ֑עַם ׳אשׁת מ Prov 21:19.
2. object of contention Ps 80:7, compare אִישׁ מָדוֺן Jer 15:10 (|| אִישׁ רִיב). — On מָדוֺן 2Sam 21:20 Qr, see I. מִדָּה below מדד.

strife, contention, contentious, contentions, discord, …
mādôn
a contest or quarrel
  • strife, contention
    • strife, contention
      • "object of contention

וְ אֶ֥רֶך
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אֶ֥רֶך
Root word slow, longsuffering, patient
Dictionary form: אָרֵךְ · aw-RAKE

Adjective — masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: but he that is slow
slow ×5 he that is slow ×2 longsuffering ×2 but he that is slow ×1 is longsuffering ×1 is slow ×1 thereof and the patient ×1
More options
patient — Broad, natural modern default; fits most contexts.
slow to anger — Best when paired with אַף; captures idiom fully.
long-suffering — Modernized KJV form; retains theological weight.
forbearing — Emphasizes deliberate restraint; slightly formal register.
even-tempered — Good for character or wisdom literature contexts.
unhurried — Stresses the literal 'long/stretched' sense of the root.

BDB757 H750

BDB756 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB758

[אָרֵךְ] adjective long — only construct אֶרֶךְ Exod 34:6 + 14 t. — הָאֵבֶר ׳א long of pinion Ezek 17:3 (|| גְּדוֺל הַכְּנָפַיִם) of eagle, in metaphor; elsewhere always of feelings, as substantive Eccl 7:8 רוּחַ ׳א the patient of spirit (opposed to ׳גְּבַהּ ר); אַפַּיִם ׳א one slow to anger Prov 14:29 (opposed to קְצַררֿוּחַ), so Prov 15:18 (opposed to אִישׁ חֵמָה), Prov 16:32 (|| משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ); more often of ׳י, אַפַיִם ׳א, Exod 34:6 אַפַּיִם וְרַבחֶֿסֶד וֶאֱמֶת ׳רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן א compare Num 14:18; Neh 9:17; Ps 86:15; Ps 103:8; Ps 145:8 so + וְנִחָם עַלהָֿרָעָה Joel 2:13 compare Jonah 4:2 (where אֵל), אַפַּיִם וּגְדוֺל כֹּחַ ׳א Nah 1:3 לְאֶרֶךְ אַפְּךָ only Jer 15:15, ׳א apparently noun; read אֹרֶךְ ? compare Prov 25:15.

BDB9342 H748 H749 H750

BDB9341 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9343

I. ארך (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew [ אָרַךְ, אָרֵךְ]).

slow, longsuffering, patient
ʾārēk
long
  • long (pinions)
    • "patient, slow to anger

אַ֝פַּ֗יִם
אַ֝פַּ֗יִם
Root word anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …
Dictionary form: אַף · ap

Noun — Common, masculine dual, absolute state dual — a natural pair ("two ___")

In the KJV here: to anger
anger ×40 his anger ×13 and the anger ×12 wrath ×10 mine anger ×8 of his anger ×8 the anger ×8 to anger ×8
More options
anger — Most natural default; fits narrative and poetic contexts.
wrath — Stronger, more intense; suits divine or royal fury.
rage — Visceral, uncontrolled emotion; good for heated human anger.
nose — Literal anatomical sense; Hebrew idiom 'long of nose' = patient.
nostril — Use when breath or snorting imagery is in focus.
face — Rare metonymic sense; only when context clearly demands it.

BDB601 H639

BDB600 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB602

I. אַף277 noun masculineGen 30:2 nostril, nose, face, anger (Assyrian appu, face Floodiii. 27, 29 compare Hpt KAT2 Gloss, Arabic , Ethiopic nose; Aramaic , אֲנְפִּין face) — absolute Ps 78:21 +; construct Gen 27:45 +; suffix אַפּי Exod 22:23 +, etc.; du אַפַּיִם Prov 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gen 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch J E (Josh 7:1 P? Josh 23:16 D?).

1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gen 2:7; Gen 7:22; Job 27:3 compare Num 11:20; 2Sam 22:9 = Ps 18:9 compare Isa 65:5; Isa 2:22; Lam 4:20; Ezek 38:18 (strike out Co) Amos 4:10 רוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ (of ׳י) i.e. wind Exod 15:8 compare נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ אַפּוֺ 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16 (see also below 3); nose singular Song 7:5; Song 7:9; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 23:25; Prov 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם):
   (a) as organ of smelling Deut 33:10; Ps 115:6 (b) as place of ring for ornament Gen 24:47; Isa 3:21; Ezek 16:12
   (c) as place of ring or hook for captive 2Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29 for beasts, e.g. swine Prov 11:22 hippopotamus Job 40:24 crocodile v.Job 40:26.
2. Du face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה) Gen 19:1; Gen 42:6; Gen 48:12; Num 22:31; 1Sam 20:41; 1Sam 24:9; 1Sam 25:41; 1Sam 28:14; 1Sam 2:4; 1Sam 2:33; 1Sam 18:28; 1Sam 24:20; 1Sam 1:23; 1Sam 1:31; 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:3; 1Sam 20:18; also Gen 3:19 גֹּבַהּ אַפּוֺ pride of his countenance Ps 10:4 לְאַפֵּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1Sam 25:23 אַפָּ֑יִם 1Sam 1:5 read אֶפֶס ᵐ5 We Dr (q. v.)
3. mostly anger, human Gen 27:45; Gen 49:6; Gen 49:7 + (45 t.); oftener divine Exod 32:12; Deut 9:19; 2Kgs 24:20 + (177 t.); often subject חָרָה (וַיִּ֫חַר etc.) his anger was kindled Gen 30:2; Gen 39:19; Exod 4:14; Exod 22:23; Exod 32:10; Exod 32:11 +; in various combinations, especially חֲרוֺן אַף fierceness of anger Exod 32:12; Num 25:4; Num 32:14 +; compare חֳרִיאָֿף 1Sam 20:34 בַּעַלאַֿף Prov 22:24 one given to anger, etc.; אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger Exod 34:6; Num 14:18; Neh 9:17 + 7 t. of God; Prov 14:29; Prov 15:18; Prov 16:32; Prov 25:15 of man.

BDB648 H639

BDB647 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB649

I. אַף see below אנף.

BDB9318 H600 H639

BDB9317 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9319

[אֲנַף, אַף K§ 55, 4] noun masculine only dual (SchulthZAW xxii (1902), 164) face (Biblical Hebrew אַף, √ אנף; Aramaic of Têma אנפי SAC23 Lzb222 Cooke69, 1. 14, so S-CG 19 and (usually) ᵑ7J; אפין ᵑ7Onk Jon, Syriac, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (SchulthLex.13); also אפי Palmyrene Lzb222 Cookep.339, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic with preposition SchulthLex.14, etc.); — plural suffix 3 masculine singular אַנְפּוֺהִי Dan 2:46; Dan 3:19.

anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …
ʾap
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
  • nostril, nose, face
    • "anger

יַשְׁקִ֥יט
יַשְׁקִ֥יט
Root word quiet, rest, quietness, still, rested, …
Dictionary form: שָׁקַט · shaw-KAHT

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: appeaseth
had rest ×5 was quiet ×4 rest ×2 and be in rest ×1 and be quiet ×1 and been quiet ×1 and is at rest ×1 and is quiet ×1
More options
be at rest — Broad default; suits narrative and poetic contexts alike.
be quiet — Good for contexts of calm after conflict or turmoil.
be still — Emphasizes cessation of movement or activity.
be at peace — Highlights relational or emotional tranquility.
settle down — Informal; suits contexts of unrest giving way to stability.
be undisturbed — Stresses absence of threat or interference; good for safety contexts.

BDB9006 H8252

BDB9005 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9007

שָׁקַט verb be quiet, undisturbed (ᵑ7 שְׁקַט (rare); Late Hebrew שׁקט is sink down; Arabic is drop down); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive ׳וְשׁ Jer 30:10; Jer 46:27, 3 feminine singular שָֽׁקְטָה Josh 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה 2Kgs 11:20 +; 1 singular שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Job 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Ezek 16:42 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁקֹט Ruth 3:18 2 feminine singular תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Jer 47:6; Jer 47:7 1 singular אֶשְׁקוֺט Isa 62:1; Job 3:13, אשׁקוטה Isa 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשְָׁקָטָה (Ges«GKC:10h»§§ 10h, «GKC:48c»48c); Participle שֹׁקֵט Judg 18:7 +, feminine singular שֹׁוֶ֫טֶת 1Chr 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zech 1:11 plural הַשֹּׁקְטִים Ezek 38:11 — be quiet, undisturbed:
1. of land, at peace, absolute Judg 3:11; Judg 3:30; Judg 5:31; Judg 8:28; Isa 14:7 (+נָ֫חָה), 2Chr 13:23 +מִמִּלְחָמָה Josh 11:23; Josh 14:15 (D ?), compare vJosh 14:5 (P); וּשְׁלֵוָה ׳וְשׁ 1Chr 4:40 of earth, ׳ישֶׁבֶת וְשׁ Zech 1:11 absolute of city 2Kgs 11:20 = 2Chr 23:21, kingdom 2Chr 20:30, +לִפְנֵי person 2Chr 14:4 of people, וּבֹטֵחַ ׳שׁ in peace and security Judg 18:7; Judg 18:27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Ezek 38:11 +שַׁאֲנַן Jer 30:10 = Jer 46:27 of Moab, שַׁאֲנַןוְ֗֗֗שֹׁקֵט אֶלשְֿׁמָרָיו Jer 48:11 undisturbed upon its lees (figurative of wine); of Job, quiet in death Job 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) vJob 3:26 (+שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָ֫חְתִּי).
2. be quiet, inactive: of ׳וְאַבִּיטָהי֔ Isa 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, i.e. gaze as an inactive spectator, Ps 83:2 (|| דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Ezek 16:42 of sword of ׳י Jer 47:6; Jer 47:7 of Boaz Ruth 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Isa 62:1 (|| חָשָׁה be silent). Hiph`il Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַשְׁקִיט Prov 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Job 34:29 Imperative masculine singular הַשְׁקֵט Isa 7:4 Infinitive absolute הַשְׁקֵט Isa 32:17 +; construct הַשְׁקִיט Ps 94:13, קִט- Job 37:17, קֵט- Isa 57:20; Jer 49:23 —
1. shew quietness (inner causative), of men Isa 7:4 (+אַלתִּֿירָא), of sea Isa 57:20 = Jer 49:23, earth Job 37:17 ( +מִדָּרוֺם); hence Infinitive absolute = substantive, quietness, display of quietness Isa 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח Isa 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Du CheHpt Marti strike out ׳הַצּ as dittograph from va, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and strike out וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Ezek 16:49 (of Sodom).
2. cause quietness: subject ׳י Job 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֺ מִימֵי רָ֑ע Ps 94:13 pacify, allay, object רִיב Prov 15:18.

quiet, rest, quietness, still, rested, …
šāqaṭ
to repose (usually figurative)
  • to be quiet, be tranquil, be at peace, be quiet, rest, lie still, be undisturbed
    • (Qal)
      • to be quiet, be undisturbed
        • to be at peace (of land)
        to be quiet, be inactive
      (Hiphil)
      • to show quietness
        • quietness, display of quietness (subst)
        to quiet, be quiet"to cause quietness, pacify, allay

רִֽיב
רִֽיב
Root word cause, strife, controversy, strivings, contention, …
Dictionary form: רִיב · reeb

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: strife
my cause ×6 strife ×5 controversy ×3 hath a controversy ×3 in his cause ×3 their cause ×3 a controversy ×2 me from the strivings ×2
More options
dispute — Broad, neutral; fits legal and interpersonal contexts well.
conflict — Good for heated or ongoing opposition between parties.
case — Legal register; ideal when a formal legal proceeding is implied.
quarrel — Emphasizes personal animosity; use for interpersonal strife.
complaint — Suits contexts where one party lodges a formal grievance.
contention — Captures prolonged, argumentative struggle; slightly formal.

BDB7898 H7379

BDB7897 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7899

רִיב62 noun masculineIsa 1:23 strife, dispute; — absolute ׳ר Gen 13:7 +, רִב Exod 23:2 +; construct רִיב Exod 17:7 +; suffix רִיבִי 1Sam 24:16 +, בְּרִבָם Job 31:13 (or infinitive?), etc.; plural רִיבֹת Deut 17:8 construct רִיבֵי 2Sam 22:44 + 2 t., רִבוֺת Job 13:6 — strife, quarrel:

1. in words, Exod 17:7 (J), Deut 1:12, about pasturage Gen 13:7 (J; = מְרִיבָה vGen 13:8), in general Prov 15:18; Prov 17:14; Prov 20:3; Prov 26:17; Prov 26:21; Prov 30:33, + מָדוֺן Hab 1:3, so ׳זִבְחֵירֿ Prov 17:1 figurative עֲצָמָיו ׳ר Job 33:19 Kt (Qr רוב, i.e. רֹב q. v. ); לְשֹׁנוֺת ׳ר Ps 31:21, compare Isa 58:4; Prov 18:6 ׳אִישׁ ר Jer 15:10 (+ מָדוֺן ׳א). 2. of public hostilities 2Sam 22:44 = Ps 18:44, compare אִישׁ רִיב Judg 12:2, אַנְשֵׁי רִיבֶ֑ךָ Isa 41:11 || חָמָס Ps 55:10.
3.39 especially dispute, controversy, case at law: Exod 23:2; Exod 23:3; Exod 23:6 (E), Deut 21:5 (+נֶגַע), Deut 25:1; 2Sam 15:2; 2Sam 15:4 (|| מִשְׁפָט), + 10 t., + (of ׳י) Hos 4:1; Hos 12:3; Mic 6:2 (twice in verse); Jer 25:31; Ezek 44:24; Lam 3:36 as accusative of congnate meaning with verb, case, cause Mic 7:9; Jer 50:34 + 8 t. (see √ 3), + רִיב חֶרְפָּתִי 1Sam 25:39, רִיבֵי נַפְשִׁי Lam 3:58 דִּבְרֵי רִיבֹת Deut 17:8 matters of controversy; ׳ר Deut 19:17 dispute as to guilt; אִישׁ דִיבִי Job 31:35 = accuser.
4. plea: Prov 18:17, רִבוֺת שְׂפָתַי Job 13:6 pleadings of my lips.

cause, strife, controversy, strivings, contention, …
rîb
a contest (personal or legal)
  • strife, controversy, dispute
    • strife, quarrel
      • "dispute, controversy, case at law

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
אִ֣ישׁ חֵ֭מָה Dechi — a lesser break יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְאֶ֥רֶך אַ֝פַּ֗יִם Revia Mugrash — a lesser break יַשְׁקִ֥יט רִֽיב Silluq — end of the verse

אִישׁ חֵמָה יְגָרֶה מָדוֹן וְאֶרֶך אַפַּיִם יַשְׁקִיט רִֽיב׃
18
A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife.
Cross References

Proverbs 26:21

פֶּחָם לְגֶחָלִים וְעֵצִים לְאֵשׁ וְאִישׁ ‫(מדונים)‬ מִדְיָנִים לְחַרְחַר-רִֽיב׃
21
As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire; so is a contentious man to kindle strife.

Proverbs 15:1

מַֽעֲנֶה-רַּךְ יָשִׁיב חֵמָה וּדְבַר-עֶצֶב יַעֲלֶה-אָֽף׃
1
A soft answer turneth away wrath: but grievous words stir up anger.

Matthew 5:9

Μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί· ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ θεοῦ κληθήσονται
9
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.

Proverbs 29:22

אִֽישׁ-אַף יְגָרֶה מָדוֹן וּבַעַל חֵמָה רַב-פָּֽשַׁע׃
22
An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth in transgression.

Proverbs 14:29

אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם רַב-תְּבוּנָה וּקְצַר-רוּחַ מֵרִים אִוֶּֽלֶת׃
29
He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly.

Ecclesiastes 10:4

אִם-רוּחַ הַמּוֹשֵׁל תַּעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ מְקוֹמְךָ אַל-תַּנַּח כִּי מַרְפֵּא יַנִּיחַ חֲטָאִים גְּדוֹלִֽים׃
4
If the spirit of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy place; for yielding pacifieth great offences.

James 1:19

Ὥστε ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοί· ἔστω πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ταχὺς εἰς τὸ ἀκοῦσαι βραδὺς εἰς τὸ λαλῆσαι βραδὺς εἰς ὀργήν·
19
Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:

Proverbs 16:28

אִישׁ תַּהְפֻּכוֹת יְשַׁלַּח מָדוֹן וְנִרְגָּן מַפְרִיד אַלּֽוּף׃
28
A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends.

Proverbs 10:12

שִׂנְאָה תְּעֹרֵר מְדָנִים וְעַל כָּל-פְּשָׁעִים תְּכַסֶּה אַהֲבָֽה׃
12
Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.

Proverbs 28:25

רְחַב-נֶפֶשׁ יְגָרֶה מָדוֹן וּבֹטֵחַ עַל-יְהוָה יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃
25
He that is of a proud heart stirreth up strife: but he that putteth his trust in the LORD shall be made fat.

James 3:14

εἰ δὲ ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε καὶ ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας
14
But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth.

Genesis 13:8

וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְרָם אֶל-לוֹט אַל-נָא תְהִי מְרִיבָה בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ וּבֵין רֹעַי וּבֵין רֹעֶיךָ כִּֽי-אֲנָשִׁים אַחִים אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃
8
And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen; for we be brethren.

Proverbs 25:15

בְּאֹרֶךְ אַפַּיִם יְפֻתֶּה קָצִין וְלָשׁוֹן רַכָּה תִּשְׁבָּר-גָּֽרֶם׃
15
By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone.

1 Samuel 25:24

וַתִּפֹּל עַל-רַגְלָיו וַתֹּאמֶר בִּי-אֲנִי אֲדֹנִי הֶֽעָוֹן וּֽתְדַבֶּר-נָא אֲמָֽתְךָ בְּאָזְנֶיךָ וּשְׁמַע אֵת דִּבְרֵי אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃
24
And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.

Acts 6:1

Ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις πληθυνόντων τῶν μαθητῶν ἐγένετο γογγυσμὸς τῶν Ἑλληνιστῶν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑβραίους ὅτι παρεθεωροῦντο ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ αἱ χῆραι αὐτῶν
1
And in those days, when the number of the was disciples multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration.

Judges 8:1

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ אֵלָיו אִישׁ אֶפְרַיִם מָֽה-הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה עָשִׂיתָ לָּנוּ לְבִלְתִּי קְרֹאות לָנוּ כִּי הָלַכְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵם בְּמִדְיָן וַיְרִיבוּן אִתּוֹ בְּחָזְקָֽה׃
1
And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply.

2 Samuel 19:43

וַיַּעַן אִֽישׁ-יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת-אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר עֶֽשֶׂר-יָדוֹת לִי בַמֶּלֶךְ וְגַם-בְּדָוִד אֲנִי מִמְּךָ וּמַדּוּעַ הֱקִלֹּתַנִי וְלֹֽא-הָיָה דְבָרִי רִאשׁוֹן לִי לְהָשִׁיב אֶת-מַלְכִּי וַיִּקֶשׁ דְּבַר-אִישׁ יְהוּדָה מִדְּבַר אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
43
And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said, We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye: why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel.
Proverbs 15:17
Read Proverbs 15
Proverbs 15:19