Proverbs 15:9

תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת

Root word abominations, abomination, abominable, thing, things

Dictionary form: תּוֹעֵבַה · toh-ay-BA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: is an abomination

abominations ×14 abomination ×11 is an abomination ×11 the abominations ×8 thine abominations ×8 is abomination ×6 an abomination ×5 are abomination ×5

More options

abomination — Modernized from KJV; strong moral/ritual disgust.

detestable thing — Concrete and vivid; good for physical objects or practices.

loathsome act — Emphasizes the act itself; suits ethical/legal contexts.

vile practice — Highlights ongoing behavior; useful in prophetic condemnation.

repulsive offense — Relational nuance; stresses how it is received by God.

sacrilege — Best when the violation is specifically against the holy.

BDB9215 H8441

תּוֺעֵבָה₁₁₇ noun feminine abomination; — absolute ׳ת Gen 43:32 + 21 t.; תֹּעֵבָה Jer 44:4 construct תּוֺעֲבַת Gen 46:34 +; plural תּוֺעֵבוֺת Ezek 8:6 +; construct תּוֺעֲבוֺת Ezek 6:11 +, etc.; suffix תֹּעֲבֹתָיוֺ 2Chr 36:8, etc.; —

1. ritual sense:
a. Israel's sacrifices, מִצְרַיִם ׳ת (genitive object) Exod 8:22 (twice in verse) (E), compare Gen 46:34 (J); למצרים ׳ת Gen 43:32 (J); לְ ׳ת of physical repugnance Ps 88:9.
b. to God and his people: ׳ת of unclean food Deut 14:3 worshipper of idols Isa 41:24, compare Jer 2:7 various objectionable acts: ׳לפני י ׳ת Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳ת Deut 7:25 (חֵרֶם, compare vDeut 7:26), Deut 17:1; Deut 18:12; Deut 22:5; Deut 23:19; Deut 27:15 offering of children (עשׂה) Deut 12:31, compare Jer 32:35, also plural 2Kgs 16:3 = 2Chr 28:3; Deut 18:9; Deut 18:12 ( + witchcraft); idolatrous practices (sometimes with other illegal acts) ׳עשׂה (כ)ת Deut 13:15; Deut 17:4; Deut 18:12; (intermarriage with idolaters), compare Jer 44:4 usually with plural noun Deut 20:18; 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 21:2; 2Kgs 21:11; 2Chr 33:2; 2Chr 36:8; Jer 7:10; Jer 44:22; Ezek 8:6 + 12 t. Ezekiel; compare תועבות 2Chr 36:14; Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:11; Ezra 9:14; Ezek 5:9 + 18 t. Ezekiel; of idols Deut 32:16 (תועבה) 2Kgs 23:13; Isa 44:19 (compare Deut 27:15); idolatrous objects 2Chr 34:33 || שׁקּוצים Jer 16:18 (R^JE) Ezek 5:11; Ezek 11:18; Ezek 11:21, (׳צַלְמֵי ת) Ezek 7:20 || גלולים Ezek 14:6, compare Ezek 6:9 ׳גִּלּוּלֵי ת Ezek 16:36.

2. ethical sense:
a. c. genitive object of man, שְׂפָתַי ׳ת Prov 8:7, מלכים ׳ת Prov 16:12, צדיקים ׳ת Prov 29:27 a, כסילים ׳ת Prov 13:19, רָשָׁע ׳ת Prov 29:27 b, לְאָדָם ׳ת Prov 24:9.
b. to God and his people: ׳ת of sacrifice of wicked Prov 21:27 (compare Prov 15:8), his prayers Prov 28:9 compare Isa 1:13 (לְ ׳ת), probably also Jer 6:15 = Jer 8:12 (of various kinds of wickedness); unchastity Lev 18:22 with עשׂה Lev 20:13 (H) Ezek 22:11; Ezek 33:26 compare תועבות Lev 18:26; Lev 18:27; Lev 18:29 (compare vLev 18:30 H), also Prov 26:25 ׳י ׳ת Deut 25:16; Prov 3:32 + 10 t. Proverbs, compare Prov 6:16.

abominations, abomination, abominable, thing, things

tôʿēba

properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e., (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol

a disgusting thing, abomination, abominable

in ritual sense (of unclean food, idols, mixed marriages)

יְ֭הוָה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Unto the lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: unto the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

דֶּ֣רֶךְ

Root word way, ways, toward, journey, manner, …

Dictionary form: דֶּרֶךְ · deh-REK

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the way

the way ×102 by the way ×55 in the way ×52 way ×50 his way ×21 toward ×21 his ways ×18 the ways ×16

More options

way — Versatile default; fits literal path and figurative usage.

path — More poetic; suits moral or life-direction contexts.

road — Concrete, physical route; prefer for travel narratives.

journey — Emphasizes the act of traveling rather than the route.

manner — Best when דֶּרֶךְ means conduct, habit, or lifestyle.

direction — Use when context indicates orientation or heading.

BDB2010 H1870

דֶּ֫רֶךְ₇₁₅ noun masculine^{Deut 17:16} & (less often) feminine^{Exod 18:20} way, road, distance, journey, manner — absolute ׳ד Gen 38:16 +; דָּ֑רֶךְ vGen 38:21 +; construct דֶּרֶךְ Gen 3:24 suffix דַּרְכִּי Gen 24:42 + 4 t. + 2Sam 22:33 דַּרְכִּ֯ו; דַּרְכְּךָ Hos 10:13; 1Kgs 19:15 דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ Ps 5:9 + 9 t.; דַּרְכֵךְ Jer 2:23 + 8 t.; דַּרְכּוֺ Gen 6:12 +; דַּרְכָּהּ 1Sam 1:18; Job 28:23 דַּרְכֵּנוּ Judg 18:5 + 2 t.; דַּרְכְּכֶם Gen 19:2 + 3 t., דַּרָכָּם 1Kgs 2:4 +; dual דְּרָכַיִם Prov 28:6; Prov 28:18 plural דְּרָכִים Deut 28:7 + 6 t.; construct דַּרְכֵי Prov 3:17 + 24 t.; suffix דְּרָכַי Job 13:15 + 17 t., דְּרָכָ֑י Ps 95:10 + 4 t.; דְּרָכֶיךָ Deut 28:29 + 16 t.; דְּרָכֶךָ Exod 33:13 + 2 t.; דְּרָכַיִךְ Jer 3:18 + 4 t.; דְּרָכָ֑יִךְ Ezek 7:3 + 3 t.; דְּרָכָיו Deut 10:12 +; דְּרָכֶיהָ Prov 3:17 + 3 t.; דְּרָכֵינוּ Lam 3:40; Zech 1:6 דַּרְכֵיכֶם Lev 26:22 + 17 t.; דַּרְכֵיהֶם Jer 16:17 + 5 t.; דַּרְכֵיהֶן Ezek 16:47 —

1. way, road, path Gen 35:3 (E) Gen 38:16; Gen 38:21 (both J) Gen 48:7 (P), Gen 49:17 (J; poem) Lev 26:22 (H, only here in Leviticus) Num 22:22; Num 22:23 (3 t. in verse); Num 22:31; Num 22:34 (all J E) Deut 6:7; Deut 22:4; Deut 22:6; Deut 23:5; Deut 24:9; Deut 25:17; Deut 25:18; (D) Ruth 1:7; 1Sam 4:13 (on text compare Dr) 1Sam 15:2; 1Sam 24:4; 2Sam 16:13; 1Kgs 13:9; 1Kgs 13:10 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 13:12; 1Kgs 13:17; 1Kgs 13:24 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 13:25; 1Kgs 13:26; 1Kgs 13:28; 1Kgs 18:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 20:38; 2Kgs 2:23; 2Kgs 3:8; 2Kgs 6:19; 2Kgs 19:33 = Isa 37:29; Isa 37:34; Hos 6:9; Hos 13:7; Isa 43:16; Isa 43:19; Isa 49:9; Isa 49:11; Isa 51:10; Isa 57:14 (twice in verse); Jer 6:25; Lam 1:5; Ezek 21:24; Ezek 21:25; Ezek 42:11; Ezek 42:12; Ps 107:40; Ps 110:7; Prov 7:8; Prov 8:2; Prov 26:13; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 12:5 construct way of (often = to, toward) עֵץ הַחַיִּים ׳ד Gen 3:24 (J) שׁוּר ׳ד Gen 16:7 (J) אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים ׳ד Exod 13:17 (E) הַבָּשָׁן ׳ד Num 21:33 (JE); compare Deut 1:2; Deut 1:19; Deut 3:1; Josh 2:7 (JE) Josh 12:3; 1Sam 6:9; 1Sam 6:12; 1Sam 13:17; 1Sam 13:18 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:52; 2Kgs 3:20; Isa 15:5; Jer 2:18 (twice in verse); Jer 50:5; Ezek 47:15; Ezek 48:1 הַמִּדְבָּר ׳ד (of different ways) Exod 13:18 (E) Josh 8:15 (JE) Judg 20:42, compare Deut 2:8; 2Sam 2:24; 2Kgs 3:8 ׳ד אֶתהַֿמִּדְבָּר 2Sam 15:23 is corrupt; read הַזַּיִת אֲשֶׁר ׳ד בַּטִּדְבָּר ᵐ5^L Dr compare We the way of the olive-tree which, etc.; הָעֲרָבָה ׳ד Deut 2:8 and (with different reference) 2Sam 4:7; 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7; Jer 39:4 הַכִּכָּר ׳ד 2Sam 18:23 יַםסֿוּף ׳ד Num 14:25; Num 21:4 (JE) Deut 1:40; Deut 2:1 often of gateway, as הַשַּׁעַר ׳ד 2Sam 15:2 compare 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7; Ezek 9:2; Ezek 43:4; Ezek 44:1; Ezek 44:4; Ezek 46:9 (5 t. in verse); Ezek 47:2 ׳ד אוּלָם הַשַּׁעַר Ezek 44:3; Ezek 46:2; Ezek 46:8 בֵּית הַגָּן ׳ד 2Kgs 9:27, גַּןהַֿמֶּלֶךְ ׳ד Jer 39:4 הַיָּם ׳ד Isa 8:23 (compare Commentaries & Schumacher^{Jaulan 63 and} PEF^{Apr. 1889, 78}); מְבוֺא הַסּוּסִים ׳ד 2Kgs 11:16 followed by ָ ה locative Gen 35:19 (E), Gen 38:14 (J) Gen 48:7 (P; read אפרתה Ol); הַמֶּלֶךְ נֵלֵךְ ׳ד Num 20:17; Num 21:22 (both J E; Arabic of different highroads, compare Seetzen^{i. 61, 132, ii. 336} Rob^{BR iii. 141} Di; = מְסִלָּה Num 20:19) i.e. the highway, used by king with his army; compare || בַּדֶּרֶךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ Deut 2:27 i.e. straight (or steadily) along the way; in particular of path, way, in which God moves בַּיָּם דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ Ps 77:20 (|| וּשְׁבִילְיךָ֯ בְּמַיִם רַבִּים); וּבִשְׂעָרָה דַּרְכּוֺ Nah 1:3 compare בַּמִּדְבָּר פַּנּוּ ׳י ׳ד Isa 40:8 (|| יַשְּׁרוּ בָּֽעֲרָבָה מְסִלָּה לאלהינו); also Mal 3:1, compare Isa 43:16; Isa 43:19 (way made by ׳י) & Isa 51:10 path of lighting Job 28:26; Job 38:25 of light Job 38:19; Job 38:24, of camel (בִּכְרָה) Jer 2:23, of locusts Joel 2:7 (plural); see further the four wonderful things Prov 30:19 the way of an eagle in the air, the way of a serpent upon a rock, the way of a ship in the heart of the sea, and the way of a man with a maid (i.e. no trace is left in any case); compare also vProv 30:20 כֵּן דֶּרֶךְ אִשָּׁה מְנָאָ֑פֶת; figure of death אָנֹכִי הוֺלֵךְ הַיּוֺם בְּדֶרֶךְ כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Josh 23:14 I am going to-day in the way of all the earth (D); so also 1Kgs 2:2 (compare Gen 19:31 4 a).

2. journey Gen 24:21; Gen 24:40; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:56 (all J) Num 9:10; Num 9:13 (P) Josh 9:11; Josh 9:13 (both J E) 1Kgs 18:27; 1Kgs 19:7 ׳רַב מִמְּךָ הַדּ; ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת ד Judg 17:8 בְּאֵר ׳ד שָׁ֑בַע Amos 8:14 (journey of — to — Beersheba compare Hi St; but text dubious, ᵐ5 ὁ θεός, compare Gunning; Hoffm^{ZAW 1883, 123} proposes דֹּדְךָ, We בְּאֵרְךָ compare Bu^{ThLz 1892, 62}); דֶּרֶךְ חֹל 1Sam 21:6 a common (not sacred) journery; especially with temporary modification שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים ׳ד Gen 30:36 (J) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23; Num 10:33 (twice in verse) (all J E), Num 33:8 (P) compare also Gen 31:23 (E) Num 11:31 (twice in verse) (JE), 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 3:9 go one's way הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֺ Gen 19:2 (J), Gen 32:2 (E), Gen 33:16 (J), Num 24:25; Josh 2:16 (both J E), Judg 18:26; Judg 19:27; 1Sam 1:18; 1Sam 26:25; 1Sam 30:2; 1Kgs 1:49; Jer 28:11, see הלך; also ׳הָפַךְ לְד 1Sam 25:12, & (figurative) ׳פָּנָה לְד Isa 53:6 (so Isa 56:11 5 below); of זוֺנָה, figurative of Israel, וַתְּפַזְּרִי אֶתדְּֿרָכַיִךְ לַזָּרִים Jer 3:13.

3. of direction, almost or quite = toward, 1Kgs 8:44; 1Kgs 8:48 = 2Chr 6:34; 2Chr 6:38 pray toward the city, etc.; 2Chr 18:43 look toward the sea; especially in Ezek. of looking, going, etc. צָפוֺנָה ׳ד Ezek 8:5 (twice in verse); compare Ezek 21:2; Ezek 40:6 construct הַקָּדִים ׳ד Ezek 40:10 (strike out ᵐ5 Hi Co) vEzek 40:22; Ezek 43:1 הַצָּפוֺן ׳ד vEzek 43:20 compare הַדָּרוֺם ׳ד vEzek 43:24 vEzek 43:24, הַיָּם ׳ד Ezek 41:12, הֶחָצֵר ׳ד Ezek 42:7 etc. (c. 28 t. Ezekiel); (see also מִדֶּרֶךְ Ezek 9:2 compare Ezek 43:2; Ezek 44:3 on אַמָּה אֶחָת ׳ד Ezek 42:4 see VB Co Da) compare לֹאיִֿפְנֶה דֶּרֶךְ כְּרָמִים Job 24:18.

4. way, manner:
a. usage כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳ד Gen 19:31 (J; compare also Josh 23:14; 1Kgs 2:2 above)
b. = customary experience, or condition נָשִׁים ׳ד Gen 31:35 (E).
c. מִצְרַיִם ׳ד Amos 4:10 the manner of Egypt, i.e. as was done in Egypt; Isa 10:24; Isa 10:26.
d. habit of animals, ants Prov 6:6 (plural)

5. figurative of course of life, or action, undertakings, etc. לֹא תַצְלִיחַ אֶתדְּֿרָכֶיךָ Deut 28:29 compare Josh 1:8 (D) 1Sam 18:14; 2Sam 22:33 = Ps 18:33; Job 3:23; Job 8:19; Job 17:9; Job 22:28; Job 24:23; Job 31:4; Job 34:21; Ps 10:5; Ps 35:6; Ps 37:5; Ps 37:7; Ps 37:23; Ps 91:11; Ps 102:24; Ps 119:37; Ps 128:1; Ps 139:3; Ps 146:9; Prov 2:8; Prov 3:6; Prov 3:23; Prov 11:5; Prov 20:24; Prov 29:27; Prov 31:3; Isa 40:27; Isa 45:13; Isa 48:15; Isa 55:8; Isa 55:9; Jer 2:36; Jer 10:23; Jer 12:1; Jer 23:12; Lam 3:9; Lam 3:11; Hos 2:8; Hos 9:8; Hos 10:13; (עְנָוִים ׳ד); thrice (Chronicles) in summary of a king's life, of Abijah וּדְרָכָיו וּדְבָרָיו 2Chr 13:22 of Jotham וְכָלמִֿלְחֲמֹתָיו וּדְרָכָיו 2Chr 27:7 of Ahaz וְכָלדְּֿרָכָיו הָרִאשֹׁנִים וְהָאַחֲרוֺנִים 2Chr 28:26 אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ ׳ד Isa 3:12 compare also Isa 30:11 and Isa 57:18 = gain Isa 56:11, pleasure, etc. Isa 58:13.

6. a. of moral action and character הִשְׁחִית כָּלבָּֿשָׂר אֶתדַּֿרְכּוֺ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 6:12 (P); compare Jer 3:21 יִשְׁמְרוּ אֶתדַּֿרְכָּם 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 8:25 = 2Chr 6:16 compare v2Chr 6:39 = 2Chr 6:30 ׳הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י 2Chr 27:6; Ps 5:9; Ps 39:2; Ps 49:14; Ps 50:23; Ps 119:5; Ps 119:26; Ps 119:59; Ps 119:168; Prov 4:26; Prov 5:8; Prov 5:21; Prov 10:9; Prov 14:2; Prov 14:8; Prov 14:12; Prov 16:2; Prov 16:7; Prov 16:9; Prov 16:17; Prov 16:25; Prov 19:3; Prov 19:16; Prov 21:2; Prov 21:29; Jer 2:33; Jer 6:27; Jer 7:3; Jer 7:5; Jer 16:17; Jer 17:10; Jer 18:11; Jer 18:15; Jer 26:13; Jer 32:19 (twice in verse); Lam 3:40; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 7:27; Ezek 14:22; Ezek 14:23; Ezek 18:25; Ezek 18:29; Ezek 18:30; Ezek 24:14; Ezek 28:15; Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Ezek 36:19; Hag 1:5; Hag 1:7; Zech 1:6 דַּרְכֵי לִבְּךָ Eccl 11:9 compare Isa 57:17 (& Jer 32:39
c. below)
b. of duty (commanded by ׳י, etc.) יֵלְכוּ בָּהּ ׳הַדּ Exod 18:20 (E) compare Exod 32:8 (JE) Deut 9:12; Deut 9:16; Deut 13:6; Deut 31:29; Ps 25:8; Ps 25:12; Ps 32:8; Ps 119:1; Ps 143:8; Prov 21:16; Prov 22:6; Prov 23:19; Isa 30:21; Isa 48:17; Jer 7:23; Mal 2:8 so too, of wisdom דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵינֹֿעַם Prov 3:17, חָכְמָה ׳ד Prov 4:11; Prov 8:32 compare Prov 23:26 בִּינָה ׳ד Prov 9:6 compare Isa 40:14.
c. specifically: in good sense הַטּוֺבָה וְהַיְשָׁרָה ׳ד 1Sam 12:23; 1Kgs 8:36 = 2Chr 6:27 compare Prov 16:31; Jer 6:16 תֹּם דְּרָכֶיךָ Job 4:6 compare Job 22:8; Prov 13:6 דְּרָכָיו (i.e. of light) Job 24:13 (|| נְתִיבֹתָיו); צַדִּיקִים ׳ד Ps 1:6, טוֺבִים ׳ד Prov 2:20, יִשְׁרֵידָֿ֑רֶךְ Ps 37:14, תְּמִימֵי דָ֑רֶךְ Prov 11:20; Ps 119:1 תָּמִים ׳ד Ps 101:2; Ps 101:6, אֱמוּנָה ׳ד Ps 119:30, שָׁלוֺם ׳דּ Isa 59:8 עוֺלָּם ׳ד Ps 139:24, חַיִּים ׳ד Prov 6:23, compare Prov 12:28; Jer 21:8 (opposed to המות ׳ד see below); without modifier 1Sam 8:3; 1Sam 8:5; Job 13:15; Job 23:10, ׳לֵב אֶחָד וְד אֶחָד Jer 32:39 compare also
a. above; especially construct before names of good kings 1Kgs 22:43; 2Kgs 22:2; 2Chr 11:17; 2Chr 20:32; 2Chr 21:12 (twice in verse) (plural) so 2Chr 34:2 compare דַּרְכֵי דָּוִיד הָרִאשֹׁנִים 2Chr 17:3 the first ways of David; also דַּרְכֵי עַמִּי Jer 12:16.
d. oftener in bad sense דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Judg 2:19, דַּרְכּוֺ הָרָעָה 1Kgs 13:33, רַע ׳ד Prov 2:12; Prov 8:13; Prov 28:10 compare 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22; Jer 25:5; Jer 26:3; Jer 35:15; Jer 36:2; Jer 36:7; Ezek 3:18; Ezek 3:19; Ezek 13:22; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Jonah 3:8; Jonah 3:10; Zech 1:4 לֹא טוֺב ׳ד Ps 36:5; Prov 16:29; Isa 65:2 דַּרְכֵךְ זִמָּה Ezek 16:27 compare with completed metaphor לֹא סְלוּלָה ׳ד Jer 18:15 further שֶׁקֶר ׳ד Ps 119:29, עֹצֶב ׳ד Ps 139:24, פִּשְׁעָם ׳ד Ps 107:17 דַּרְכֵיחֿשֶׁךְ Prov 2:13 דַּרְכֵי מָוֶת Prov 14:12 = Prov 16:25 דרך המות Jer 21:8, compare above c; עָצֵל ׳ד Prov 15:19 (compare Prov 6:6); חַטָּאִים ׳ד Ps 1:1 compare vPs 1:6; Prov 1:15; Prov 3:31; Prov 4:19 (רְשָׁעִים ׳ד), Prov 12:15 (אֱוִיל ׳ד), Prov 13:15 (בֹּגְדִים ׳ד), also Prov 15:9; Prov 21:8; Isa 55:7 עִקֵּשׁ ׳ד Prov 22:5, compare עִקֵּשׁ דְּרָכַיִם Prov 28:6 compare vProv 28:18 further, without modifier, Hos 4:9; Hos 12:3; Prov 7:25; Prov 14:14; Isa 53:6; Isa 66:3; Jer 2:23 (of idolatry רְאִי דַרְכֵךְ בַּגַּיְא) vJer 2:33; Jer 4:11 (compare Hi Gf) vJer 4:18; Jer 15:7; Jer 22:1; Ezek 16:47 (twice in verse); Ezek 16:61; Ezek 18:23; Ezek 20:43; Ezek 23:13; Ezek 23:31; Ezek 33:8; Ezek 33:9 (twice in verse); Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:17 (twice in verse); Ezek 36:31.Ezek 36:32 compare also below
a. above; לָתֵת דַּרְכּוֺ בְּראֹשׁוֺ 1Kgs 8:32 to place his way upon his head, i.e. requite it on him = 2Chr 6:23, compare Ezek 7:4; Ezek 9:10; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 22:31 פְּרִי דַּרְכָּם Prov 1:31 especially construct before names of bad kings יָרָבְעָם ׳ד 1Kgs 15:34 (compare v1Kgs 15:26) 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 16:19; 1Kgs 16:26; 1Kgs 22:53 compare v1Kgs 22:53 v1Kgs 22:53 also מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳ד 2Kgs 8:18; 2Kgs 16:3; 2Chr 21:6; 2Chr 21:13; 2Chr 28:2 (plural); דַּרְכֵי בֵּית אַחְאָב 2Kgs 8:27 = 2Chr 22:3 (of Ahaziah, grandson of Ahab); הָעָם הַזֶּה ׳ד Isa 8:11, הַגּוֺיִם ׳ד Jer 10:2, ׳ד אֲבוֺתֵיכֶם Ezek 20:30 compare 2Kgs 21:21.
e. way of ׳י:
(a) = his creative activity Job 26:14 applied in concrete sense to behemoth (hippopotamus) הוּא רֵאשִׁית דַּרְכֵיאֵֿל Job 40:19 (hyperb.); compare of wisdom רֵאשִׁית דַּרְכּוֺ Prov 8:22
(b) = his moral administration, Exod 33:13 (plural; J E); Deut 32:4; 2Sam 22:31 = Ps 18:31; Job 21:31; Job 36:23 אלהים בַּקֹּדֶשׁ דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ Ps 77:14 (|| מִי אֵל גָּדוֺל כֵּאלֹהִים); Ps 85:14; Ps 103:7; Ps 138:5; Ps 145:17; Prov 10:29; Isa 55:8; Isa 55:9; Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5; Ezek 18:25 (twice in verse); Ezek 18:29 (twice in verse); Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Hos 14:10.
(c) = his commandments לַעֲשׂוֺת צְדָקָה ׳י ׳וְשָֽׁמְרוּ ד וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט Gen 18:19 (J); ׳כָּלהַֿדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה י Deut 5:30 compare (plural) Deut 8:6; Deut 10:12; Deut 11:22; Deut 11:28; Deut 19:9; Deut 26:17; Deut 28:9; Deut 30:16; Josh 22:5 (D) Judg 2:22; 2Sam 22:22 = Ps 18:22, 1Kgs 2:3; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 8:58; 1Kgs 11:33; 1Kgs 11:38; 2Kgs 21:22; 2Chr 6:31; Job 21:14; Job 23:11; Job 34:27; Ps 25:4; Ps 25:9; Ps 27:11; Ps 37:34; Ps 51:15; Ps 67:3; Ps 81:14; Ps 86:11; Ps 95:10; Ps 119:3; Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2; Isa 42:24; Isa 58:2; Isa 63:17; Isa 64:4; Zech 3:7; Mal 2:9 compare ׳וַיִּגְבַּהּ לִבּוֺ בְּדַרְכֵי י 2Chr 17:6 see also עֵדְוֺתֶיךָ ׳ד Ps 119:14 פִּקּוּדֶיךָ ׳ד vPs 119:27, מִצְוֺתֶ֑יךָ ׳ד vPs 119:32, חֻקֶּיךָ ׳ד vPs 119:33.

BDB8615 H7843 H6013 H7743 H7845 H1870 H516

[שָׁחַת]₁₅₁ verb go to ruin (?), only derived species (Late Hebrew Hiph`il = Biblical Hebrew, Ecclus. שחיתה Eccl 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic extirpate; Ethiopic injure, violate; Tel Amarna ša—âtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab}.), Assyrian possibly šêtu, flee, escape (compare אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinjirli) שחת destroy Lzb³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, (assimilation of ), multilate; — very improbable Gerber^{179 denominative} from שַׁחַת); —

Niph`al be marred, spoiled, Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Jer 13:7, vessel Jer 18:4 be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵת Exod 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in mnorals and rel., of earth, Perfect 3 feminine singular נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Gen 6:12 (P), Imperfect 3 feminine singular ׳לִפְנֵי הָא ׳וַתִּשּׁ vGen 6:11 (P); so Participle feminine plural as adjective נִשְׁחָתוֺת Ezek 20:44. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular שִׁחֵת Exod 32:7 +, suffix שִׁחֶתְךָ Hos 13:9 2 masculine singular שִׁחַתָּ Isa 14:20 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Jer 5:10 Infinitive construct שַׁחֵת Gen 13:10 +, etc.; —

1. spoil, ruin, accusative of eye Exod 21:26 (E), vineyard Jer 12:10 (figurative), branches Nah 2:3 (figurative), also = destroy, accusative of person 2Sam 1:14; 2Sam 14:11 (accusative omitted), Ezek 5:16; Ezek 20:17, כָּלבָֿשָׂר Gen 6:17; Gen 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Gen 13:10; Gen 19:13; Gen 19:29 (all J), 2Sam 24:16; Jer 5:10 (accusative omitted), Jer 48:18; Ezek 26:4; Ezek 43:3; Lam 2:5, ruin temple vLam 2:6, nation Hos 11:9; Hos 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land 2Kgs 19:12 (Hiph`il in || Isa 37:12), Judg 6:5; Josh 22:33 (P), Ezek 22:30; Ezek 30:11, earth Gen 9:11 (P); with ל object (ל 3b), city 1Sam 23:10, person Num 32:15 (P); with accusative רַחֲמָיו Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS^{K 28} and others, the bonds of kinship, see רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Mal 2:8, i.e. violate it, see especially אַרְצָה ׳וְשׁ (that is, semen) Gen 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Prov 23:8.

2. pervert, corrupt, accusative wisdom Ezek 28:17, absolute = deal corruptly, הֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Hos 9:9 (compare [עָמֹק], p.770:b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֺ, √ שׁוח), Exod 32:7 (JE), Deut 9:12, so לוֺ ׳שׁ Deut 32:5. Hiph`il₁₀₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁחִית Gen 6:12 +; 1 singular וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Jer 51:20, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַשְׁחִית Dan 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Mal 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת 1Chr 20:1 2 feminine singular וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ezek 16:47, 2 masculine plural תַּשְׁחִתוּן Deut 4:16; Deut 31:29 Imperative masculine singular suffix הַשְׁחִיתָהּ 2Kgs 18:25 = Isa 36:10 Infinitive absolute הַשְׁחֵת Deut 31:29 construct הַשְׁחִית 1Sam 26:15 +, etc.; Participle מַשְׁחִית Gen 19:14 +, etc.; —

1. spoil, ruin, accusative crop Judg 6:4; Mal 3:11, trees Deut 20:19; Deut 20:20; Jer 11:19 (figurative), vessels 2Chr 36:19, houses 2Chr 34:11, palaces Jer 6:5 compare Isa 65:8; Lev 19:27 (H), Ruth 4:6 דַּיָּם ׳הִשׁ Jer 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; accusative of person = ruin, destroy, 1Sam 26:9; 1Sam 26:15; Judg 20:21; Judg 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), vJudg 20:35 vJudg 20:42; 2Kgs 13:23; 2Chr 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 t., + (accusative of person omitted) Isa 51:13 + 4 t., accusative בֵּית דָּוִד 2Chr 21:7, absolute Isa 11:9 = Isa 65:25 also ruin one (by words) Prov 11:9 accusative עַם 2Sam 24:16; Deut 9:26 land 1Sam 6:5; Jer 36:29; Dan 11:17 (see Dr); city wall 2Sam 20:15 (Ew Th here denominative from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < ᵐ5 We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְחַשְּׁבִים were devising), Lam 2:8, cities and nations Gen 18:28 (twice in verse) (J, accusative omitted), Gen 19:13; Gen 19:14 (J), Isa 37:12 (Pi`el in || 2Kgs 19:12), 2Kgs 36:10 (twice in verse) = 2Kgs 18:25 (twice in verse) + 11 t. + (Israel personified) Deut 4:31; Deut 10:10; 2Kgs 8:19, pride of Judah Jer 13:9, earth Jer 51:1 absolute with adverb accusative Dan 8:24 (see Dr; Bev conjecture יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), compare 1Chr 21:12 Participle as adjective, of lion Jer 2:30, angel 1Chr 21:15 = destroyer Exod 12:23 (J), Jer 22:7; Isa 54:16, גּוֺיִם ׳מ Jer 4:7, ׳רוּחַ מ Jer 51:1 singular collective (׳הַמּ Ges^{«GKC:126l»§ 126l}; the destroying band, compare Dr Bu Now) 1Sam 13:17; 1Sam 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); figurative for snare, trap, Jer 5:26.

2. pervert, corrupt, morally, accusative דֶּרֶךְ Gen 6:12 (P; see דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֺ Prov 6:32, compare Zeph 3:7; Ezek 23:11 (מִן compare); ׳הִשׁ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Ps 14:1 = Ps 53:2 ׳הַשְׁחֵת תַּשְׁח (+ verb of particular act) Deut 4:16; Deut 31:29 declar. = act corruptly, Isa 1:4; Deut 4:28 (+ verb of act), 2Chr 27:2, + מִן compare Judg 2:19; Ezek 16:47 Participle as substantive Jer 6:28, ׳אִישׁ מַשׁ Prov 28:24 (Prov 18:9 see infra). — אַלתַּֿשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody ?) in Psalm-titles: Prov 57:1; Prov 58:1; Prov 59:1; Prov 75:1. Hoph`al Participle מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֺר Prov 25:26 (|| מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as substantive Mal 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

way, ways, toward, journey, manner, …

derek

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

way, road, distance, journey, manner

road, way, path

רָשָׁ֑ע

Root word wicked, ungodly, wrong, condemned, guilty, …

Dictionary form: רָשָׁע · raw-SHAW

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the wicked

of the wicked ×84 the wicked ×68 and the wicked ×10 but the wicked ×9 wicked ×8 unto the wicked ×6 when the wicked ×6 a wicked ×5

More options

wicked person — Most direct modern rendering; clear moral condemnation.

evildoer — Active nuance; emphasizes harmful deeds over inner character.

ungodly person — Highlights rebellion against God; suits theological contexts.

villain — Vivid and accessible; better for narrative than legal texts.

guilty one — Prefer in legal or judicial settings; forensic connotation.

wrongdoer — Milder tone; useful when moral charge should be understated.

BDB8124 H7563

רָשָׁע₂₆₃ adjective wicked, criminal; — absolute ׳ר Gen 18:23 +; plural רְשָׁעִים Isa 13:11 +; construct רִשְׁעֵי Ps 75:9 + 3 t. feminine singular רְשָׁעָה Ezek 3:18 (strike out Co), vEzek 3:19 (רָשָׁע Co); —

1. usually as substantive, one guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opposed to צַדִּיע; רָשָׁע Exod 2:13; Exod 23:1 (E), Deut 25:2; Prov 17:23; Prov 18:5; Prov 25:5; Job 9:22; Job 9:24 collective Gen 18:23; Gen 18:25 (twice in verse) (J) Mic 6:10; Prov 3:33; Prov 28:4, רשׁעים 1Sam 24:14; Jer 5:26; Prov 19:28; Prov 20:26; Prov 29:12, אנשׁים רשׁעים 2Sam 4:11 (murderers), רָשָׁע לָמוּת Num 35:31 (P) guilty of death, ׳מוֺשֵׁל ר Prov 28:15, compare Prov 29:2, ׳הִצְדִּיק ר Exod 23:7 (E) Isa 5:23; Prov 17:15 ׳הִרְשִׁיעַ ר Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 8:32 = השׁיב לְרָשָׁע 2Chr 6:23 צַדִּיק ׳אמר לר Prov 24:24.

2. guilty of hostility to God or his people, wicked enemies: רשׁע singular Ps 17:13 + 6 t. Psalms; Isa 26:10 collective Ps 9:6; Ps 9:17; Ps 10:2 + 6 t. Psalms; Isa 11:4; Hab 3:13 רשׁעים Ps 3:8; Ps 7:10; Ps 9:18 + 5 t. Psalms; Isa 48:22; Isa 57:20; Isa 57:21; Jer 25:31; Ezek 21:34; Mal 3:21 ( + (possibly) other cases; often hard to decide); specifically of Pharaoh Exod 9:27 (J), Babylon Isa 13:11; Isa 14:5, Chaldeans Hab 1:4; Hab 1:13 || שׂנְאֵי יהוה 2Chr 19:2.

3. guilty of sin, against either God or man, wicked: האנשׁים הרשׁעים Num 16:26 (J, rebellious Korahites), Mal 3:18 (not serving ׳י), opposed to צַדִּיק; singular individual Ezek 3:18 (twice in verse); Ezek 21:30; Ezek 33:8 (twice in verse); Ps 11:5; Ps 32:10; Prov 9:7 +; collective Isa 3:11; Job 34:18; Job 36:6; Job 36:17 plural רשׁעים Isa 53:9; Jer 23:19 = Jer 30:23, Zeph 1:3; Ps 26:5; Prov 10:3; Eccl 8:10 +; || חסֹידים 1Sam 2:9 (Poem), Ps 12:9; Ps 50:16; Ps 97:10; Ps 145:20 || עֹזְבֵי תוֺדָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 119:53 compare V:61, +; ׳אדם ר Prov 11:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13 ׳אִישׁ ר Prov 21:29 ׳מלאך ר Prov 13:17 זֶרַע רשׁעים Ps 37:28 עֲצַת רשׁעים Ps 1:1; Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18 דֶּרֶךְ רשׁעים Jer 12:1; Ps 1:6; Ps 146:9; Prov 4:19; Prov 12:26 דֶּרֶךְ רשׁע Prov 15:9 מִדַּדְכּוֺ הָֽרְשָׁעה Ezek 3:18; Ezek 3:19 (but see, Co, above); רִשְׁעֵי (ה)ארץ Ps 75:9; Ps 101:8; Ps 119:119; Ezek 7:21 (ᵐ5 Co עריצי). — is rare before exile; chiefly Ezekiel Psalms Wisdom Literature.

wicked, ungodly, wrong, condemned, guilty, …

rāšāʿ

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

wicked, criminal

guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)

וּ מְרַדֵּ֖ף

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מְרַדֵּ֖ף

Root word pursued, pursue, persecute, follow, chased, …

Dictionary form: רָדַף · raw-DAHP

Verb — Piel, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: him that followeth after

pursued ×15 and pursued ×8 pursue ×7 persecute ×4 the pursuers ×4 to pursue ×4 and chased ×3 pursueth ×3

More options

pursue — Neutral, versatile; fits military and figurative contexts.

chase — More vivid, physical urgency; good for flight/battle scenes.

hunt down — Implies relentless, predatory tracking of a target.

persecute — Prefer for sustained, hostile oppression of a person or group.

go after — Colloquial; softer tone, suits non-hostile following contexts.

hound — Figurative intensity; good for oppressor-victim imagery.

BDB7775 H7291

רָדַף₁₄₁ verb pursue, chase, persecute (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic רְדַף, ; Arabic ; Sabean רדף id., SabDenkm^{No. 7, 1. 2}); —

Qal₁₂₈ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ר Judg 4:16 +; 1 singular וְרָדַפְתִּ֫י Jer 29:18, etc.; Imperfect יִרְדֹּף Deut 19:6 +, ִירַדֹּף Ps 7:6 (apparently to give choice of Qal or Pi, Ki JHMich Bae and others; Ges^{«GKC:63n»§ 63n} explanation as developed from יִרֲדֹף, compare Ol^{§ 236 e, and, further}, Kö^{i. 160}), suffix יִרְ דְָּפֶ֑ךָ Ezek 35:6 (twice in verse), etc.; Imperative masculine singular רְדֹף Gen 44:4 +, suffix רָדְפֵהוּ Ps 34:15 masculine plural רִדְפוּ Judg 3:28 +; Infinitive construct רָדְפִף Josh 8:16 +, מִרְדֹף 1Sam 23:28; 2Sam 18:16, suffix רָדְפִי Ps 38:21 Qr, רדופי Kt, etc.; Participle רֹדֵף Judg 4:22 +, plural רֹדְפִים Judg 8:4 +; —

1. a. pursue (sometimes + הִשִּׂיג): literal with אַחֲרֵי person, in order to overtake Gen 44:4 (J), 2Kgs 5:21 especially with hostile purpose Gen 31:23 (+ הִדְבִּיק), Gen 35:5; Josh 24:6 (all E), Josh 2:5; Josh 2:7 (twice in verse); Josh 8:16 (twice in verse); Josh 8:17; Josh 10:19 (JE), Deut 11:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (all D), Exod 14:4; Exod 14:8; Exod 14:9 (P), Judg 1:6; 2Sam 20:6; 2Sam 20:7; 2Sam 20:10; 2Sam 20:13; 2Kgs 9:27 + 17 t., + 2Kgs 25:5 (אַחַר), + Judg 4:16 (אַחֲרֵי הָרֶכֶב); + רִדְפוּ אַחֲרֵי Judg 3:28 = follow me (as leader; but this meaning not elsewhere; read רְדוּ ᵐ5 Kit GFM).
b. literal, with accusative of person, put to flight, chase (defeated foe; sometimes with הִשִּׁיג): Amos 1:11; Hos 8:3; Deut 32:30 (poem; || הֵנִיס), Deut 28:22; Deut 28:45; Josh 23:10 (D), Lev 26:8 (twice in verse) (H); וְרָדַף אֹתָם קוֺל עָלֶה נִדָּף vLev 26:36 a (H); Josh 7:5; Josh 8:24; Josh 10:10; Josh 11:8 (all J E), Gen 14:15; Deut 1:44; Judg 4:22; Isa 41:3 + 13 t. + Judg 7:25 (read אֶתֿ for אֶלֿ, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 GFM Bu Now).
c. literal, accusative omitted Judg 8:4; 1Sam 30:8 (+ הִשִּׂיג), v1Sam 30:10; Gen 14:14; Exod 14:23 (P), Exod 15:9 (poem; + הִשִּׂיג), Lev 26:36 b. 37 (H), Prov 28:1 especially participle plural ׳הָר the pursuers Josh 2:16 (twice in verse); Josh 2:22 (twice in verse); Neh 9:11; Isa 30:16, so הָרֹדֵף Josh 8:20; Lam 1:6.
d. chase, hunt, partridge (קֹרֵא) 1Sam 26:20 (in simile; || בִּקֵּשׁ).
e. pursue, in figure, Jer 20:11; Lam 4:19, רִדְפוּ וְתִפְשׂוּהוּ Ps 71:11, compare Lam 1:3; Ps 7:6 (+ הִשִּׂיג; see above); especially subject ׳י, pursue (figurative of punishment, judgment), with accusative of person Jer 29:18 (בַּחֶרֶב), Lam 3:43 and (בְּאַף) vLam 3:66, Ps 83:16 (בְּסַעֲרֶ֑ךָ); אֶתקַֿשׁ יָבֵשׁ תִּרְדֹּף Job 13:25 (|| תַּעַרוֺץ); רֹדְפָם, of ׳מַלְאַךְ י, Ps 35:6. feminine figurative persecute, harass, with accusative of person Deut 30:7; Job 19:22 (כְּמוֺאֵֿל), Ps 69:27; Ps 109:16; Ps 119:86; Ps 119:161 with accusative נַפְשִׁי Ps 143:3, with accusative נֲדִבָתִי Job 30:15 (but subject obscure; read perhaps תֵּרָדֵף Bu; Du תִּנָּדֵף); with ל person Job 19:28 participle as substantive Jer 15:15; Jer 17:18; Ps 7:2; Ps 31:16 (|| אוֺיְבַי; We מְרַדְּפָ֑י for וַרֹדְפָ֑י), Ps 35:3; Ps 119:84; Ps 119:157 (+ צָרַי), Ps 142:7.
g. pursue, dog, subject דָּם, with accusative of person Ezek 35:6 (twice in verse) (del v^a ᵐ5 Co Toy Krae); in good sense, attend closely upon, טוֺב וָחֶסֶד יִרְדְּפוּנִי Ps 23:6.

2. figurative follow after, aim to secure: in bad sense, with accusative שַׁלְמֹנִים Isa 1:23, שֵׁכָר Isa 5:11, קָדִים ׳ר Hos 12:2, רֹדְפֵי זִמָּה Ps 119:150 good sense, with infinitive ׳לְדַעַת אֶתיֿ Hos 6:3, with accusative צֶדֶק Deut 16:20; Isa 51:1 (|| ׳מְבַקְשֵׁי י), צְדָקָה וָחָ֑סֶד Prov 21:21, שָׁלוֺם Ps 34:15 (|| בַּוֵּשׁ), טוֺב Ps 38:21. Niph`al passive: Perfect 1 plural עַלצַֿוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָּ֑פְנוּ Lam 5:5 upon our neck (i.e. closely) we are pursued (improbable, compare Bu); perhaps Imperfect 3 feminine singular תֵּרָדֵף Job 30:15 Bu (for תִּרְדֹּף); Participle ׳א יְבַקֵּשׁ אֶתנִֿרְדָּ֑ף Eccl 3:15 God seeketh the pursued (i.e. what has disappeared, is past, but dubious). Pi`el Perfect 3 feminine singular consecutive וְרִדְּפָה Hos 2:9 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְרַדֶּףֿ Nah 1:8 (Ps 7:6 see Qal); 3 feminine singular תְּרַדֵּף Prov 13:21 Participle מְרֵדֵּףֿ Prov 11:19 +; — pursue ardently, with accusative of person Hos 2:9 (in figurative); figurative also חשֶׁךְ ׳יְר Nah 1:8 (Gunk^{ZAW xiii (1893), 230}, plausibly, יֶהְדֹּף), compare Prov 13:31 elsewhere participle, in Proverbs: aim (eagerly) to secure, with accusative רָעָה Prov 11:19, רֵיקִים Prov 12:11; Prov 28:19, אֲמָרִים Prov 19:7 (meaning dubious, see Toy); in good sense, צְדָקָה Prov 15:9. Pu`al Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְרֻדַּף כְמֹץ הָרִים Isa 17:13 it shall be chased away like chaff of the mountains (|| וְנָס). Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix הִרְּדִיפֻהוּ Judg 20:43 usually they chased him (Benjamin, collective), but strange after כִתְּרוּ surrounded (still stranger after כתתו or כרתו ᵐ5), and why Hiph`il? GFM conjecture dittograph of הִדְרִיכֻהוּ following; the reverse conjectured by Bu Now.

BDB7776 H4783 H7291

מֻרְדָּף noun [masculine] persecution (si vera lectio) (formed like Hoph`al Participle); — Isa 14:6, but ᵑ7 Thes and most מִרְדַּת q. v.

pursued, pursue, persecute, follow, chased, …

rādap

to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)

to be behind, follow after, pursue, persecute, run after

(Qal)

to pursue, put to flight, chase, dog, attend closely upon

to be pursued

צְדָקָ֣ה

Root word righteousness, justice, right, acts, righteousnesses, …

Dictionary form: צְדָקָה · tseh-daw-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: righteousness

righteousness ×17 and righteousness ×10 of righteousness ×9 and justice ×8 and right ×7 his righteousness ×7 thy righteousness ×7 in righteousness ×6

More options

righteousness — Modernized from KJV; broad moral/covenant uprightness.

justice — Emphasizes social and legal fairness; good for prophetic texts.

integrity — Highlights inner moral wholeness and honesty.

right conduct — Plain prose option; stresses behavior over abstract virtue.

vindication — Use when God's saving action restores the wronged party.

generosity — Suits contexts of almsgiving or charity (later Jewish usage).

BDB6942 H6666

צְדָקָה₁₅₇ noun feminine righteousness; — absolute ׳צ Gen 15:6+81 t.; construct צִדְקַת Deut 33:21+5 t.; suffix צִדְקָתִי Gen 30:33 +, etc.; plural צְדָקוֺת Isa 33:15+3 t.; construct צִדְקוֺת Judg 5:11+; suffix צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Dan 9:16, etc.; —

1. righteousness, in government:
a. of judge, ruler, king: || משׁפט Isa 5:7; Isa 9:6; Amos 5:7; Amos 6:12 ׳משׁפט וצ 2Sam 8:15, עשׂה David executed justice and righteousness = 1Chr 18:14, compare 1Kgs 10:9 = 2Chr 9:8; Jer 22:3; Jer 22:15; Jer 33:15; Ezek 45:9 יִכּוֺן כִּסֵּא ׳בּצ Prov 16:12, compare Isa 54:14 ׳עֲבֹדַת השׂ, ׳מַעֲשֵׂה הצ Isa 32:17, compare V:16; ׳נֹגְשַׂיִךְ צ Isa 60:17.
b. of law, || משׁפטים, ׳צִדְקַת י Deut 33:21.
c. of Davidic king, Messiah, || משׁפט, Ps 72:1; Ps 72:3; Isa 9:6; Jer 23:5; Jer 33:15.

2. God's attribute as sovereign Ps 36:7; Ps 71:19 in government, עשׂה ׳משׁפט וצ Ps 99:4; Jer 9:23 administering justice Job 37:28 punishment Isa 1:27; Isa 5:16; Isa 10:22; Isa 28:17; Dan 9:7 vindication of his people Mic 7:9.

3. righteousness, in a case or cause, בצדקתי החזקתי Job 27:6 on my righteousness I hold fast; ׳מה ישׁ לי עוד צ 2Sam 19:29 what right have I yet ? of God's judgments, ׳הגיד צ Isa 57:12 (iron.); ׳השׁיב צ 1Sam 26:23; Job 33:26 ׳כּצ, השׁיב 2Sam 22:25, גמל v2Sam 22:21, נתן 1Kgs 8:52 = 2Chr 6:23.

4. righteousness = truthfulness, ׳באמת ובצ Isa 48:1; Zech 8:8 in word Isa 45:28; Isa 63:1, oath Jer 4:2.

5. righteousness, as ethically right: Gen 30:33 (J) Deut 6:25; Isa 33:5; Isa 41:18; Ezek 14:14; Ezek 14:20; Prov 10:2; Prov 11:4; Prov 11:5; Prov 11:18; Prov 11:19+17 t., +צִדְקַת (ה)צַדִּיק(יםׅ Isa 5:23; Ezek 18:20; Ezek 33:12 ישׁרים ׳צ Prov 11:6 ׳אֹרַח צ Prov 8:20; Prov 12:28 ׳דֶּרֶךְ צ Prov 16:31 ׳עשׂה צ do righteousness Ps 106:3; Isa 56:1; Isa 58:2; Ezek 18:22 ׳עשׂה משׁפט וצ Ezek 18:5 +6 t. Ezekiel; ומשׁפט ׳עשׂה צ Gen 18:10 (J) Prov 21:8 ׳רדף צ Prov 15:9; Prov 21:21 ׳הלך באמת ובצ 1 k Prov 3:6 ׳חשׁב לוֺ (ל)צ Gen 15:6 (JE) imputed to him (for) righteousness, Ps 106:31 וָחֶסֶד ׳צ Prov 21:21 (twice in verse) (strike out ᵐ5^A ^B Toy).

6. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc. (compare צֶדֶק 6):
a. of God || יָשַׁע, תְּשׁוּעָה, יְשׁוּעָה Isa 45:8; Isa 46:13; Isa 51:6 +7 t. Isa²; || בְּרָכָה Ps 24:6 || נַחֲלָה Isa 54:17 || חֶסֶד Ps 36:11; Ps 103:17 ׳שֶׁמֶשׁ צ Mal 3:20 sun of righteousness (with healing); ׳בִּצ, ׳י delivers, guides, exalts his people Ps 5:9; Ps 31:2; Ps 71:2; Ps 89:17; Ps 119:40; Ps 143:1; Ps 143:11 אַליָֿבאֹוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 69:28 (of wicked); as accusative after verbs of declaring, etc., his saving (delivering) righteousness Ps 22:32; Ps 40:11; Ps 51:16; Ps 71:15; Ps 71:16; Ps 71:24; Ps 98:2; Ps 145:7 also ׳יִוָּדַע צ Ps 88:13 עֹמֶדֶת ׳צ לָעַד his righteousness endureth for ever Ps 111:3 compare Ps 119:142.
b. of people, = prosperity, || הון, עשׁר Prov 8:18 ׳מוֺרֶה לצ early rain for prosperity Joel 2:23.

7. plural righteous acts:
a. of God Judg 5:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:7; Mic 6:5 vindication of right Ps 103:6 redemptive Isa 45:24; Dan 9:16.
b. of man's moral conduct Isa 64:5; Jer 51:10, also probably Ezek 3:20; Ezek 18:24; Ezek 33:13 (Kt singular) Ps 11:7 (? gloss), Dan 9:18 as adverb accusative, הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֺת Isa 33:15.

BDB9839 H6665 H6663 H6666

צִדְקָה noun feminine right doing (Talmud, Old Aramaic; see Biblical Hebrew צְדָקָה, √ צדק); — ׳צ Dan 4:24.

righteousness, justice, right, acts, righteousnesses, …

ṣĕdāqâ

rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)

justice, righteousness

righteousness (in government)

of judge, ruler, king

of God

יֶאֱהָֽב

Root word love, loved, loveth, lovers, friends, …

Dictionary form: אָהַב · aw-HAHB

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: but he loveth

loveth ×17 loved ×10 love ×8 he loved ×7 i love ×7 to love ×7 thy lovers ×6 and love ×5

More options

love — Most versatile; suits emotional, covenantal, and divine contexts.

cherish — Warmer, tender nuance; good for intimate or familial bonds.

adore — Conveys deep devotion; strong emotional or worshipful register.

be fond of — Lighter affection; fits preferences or less intense attachments.

be devoted to — Emphasizes loyalty; suits covenantal or faithful-love contexts.

delight in — Highlights pleasure or enjoyment; good when desire is implied.

BDB143 H157

אָהֵב₂₁₆ verb love —

Qal Perfect אָהֵ֑ב Gen 27:9 + 7 t; אָשֵהבּ Gen 27:14 אָהַב Gen 37:3 + 3 t.; אֲֵהבָךָ Deut 15:16 3 feminine singular אָֽהֲבָה Song 1:7 +, etc.; Imperfect (הָֿ֑ב) יֶאֱהַב Prov 3:12 +; 1 singular אֵהָ֑ב Prov 8:17 (compare Ew^{§ 192 d} Ges^{«GKC:68»§ 68}. 1); וָָֽאֹהַ֖ב Mal 1:2 וָאֹהֲבֵהוּ Hos 11:1 אֹהֲבֵם Hos 14:5 וָאֹהֲבֵם Ps 119:167 2 masculine plural תְּאֵהֲבוּ Prov 1:22 (compare Kö^{I p. 394} Ges^{«GKC:63»§ 63} R 2); תֶּאֱהָ֑בוּ Zech 8:17 תָּאֱהָבוּן Ps 4:3 Imperative אֱהַבֿ Hos 3:1 אֱהָבֶהָ Prov 4:6 אֶהֱבוּ Ps 31:24; Amos 5:15 אֱהָ֑בוּ Zech 8:19 Infinitive construct אֱהֹב Eccl 3:8 אַהֲבָה Deut 10:12 +; אֲהֲבַת Mic 6:8 + etc.; compare also below
n. אהבה below; Participle אֹהֵב (אוֺהֵב) Deut 10:18 + 26 t.; feminine construct אֲהֻבַת Hos 3:1 is probably active compare Ba^{NB 174 ff}; suffix אֹהֲבִי Isa 41:8 etc.; feminine אֹהֶ֫בֶת Gen 25:28 אֹהַ֫בְתִּי Hos 10:11 etc.; Passive participle אָהוּב Neh 13:26 אֲהוּבָה Deut 21:15 (twice in verse); Deut 21:16. — love (mostly with accusative, followed by לְ + object Lev 19:18; Lev 19:34; 2Chr 19:2 (late), followed by בְּ Eccl 5:9 absolute Eccl 3:8 & see below), (affection both pure & impure, divine & human); —

1. human love to human object; absolute, opposed to hate שָׂנֵא Eccl 3:8 of love to son Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (JE) Prov 13:24 so also 2Sam 13:21 ᵐ5 Ew Th We, compare Dr, of David's loving Amnon; never to parent, but mother-in-law Ruth 4:15 of man's love to woman; wife Gen 24:67; Gen 29:20; Gen 29:30 (compare vGen 29:18):32 (JE), also Deut 21:15 (twice in verse); Deut 21:16; Judg 14:16; 1Sam 1:5; 2Chr 11:21; Esth 2:17; Hos 3:1; Eccl 9:9 but also Gen 34:3 (J) Judg 16:4; Judg 16:15; 2Sam 13:1; 2Sam 13:4; 2Sam 13:15 (where of carnal desire) 1Kgs 11:1 compare v1Kgs 11:2; Hos 3:1 רֵעַ ׳א loving a paramour, see Ba^{NB 176}; woman's love to man 1Sam 18:20 (so v1Sam 18:28 ᵑ0, but read וְבִי כָליִֿשְׂרָאֵל אֹהֵב אֹתוֺ ᵐ5 We Dr) Song 1:3; Song 1:4; Song 1:7; Song 3:1; Song 3:2; Song 3:3; Song 3:4 (5 t. subject נַפְשִׁי); compare also figurative of adulterous Judah Jer 2:25; Isa 57:8; Ezek 16:37 of love of slave to master Exod 21:5 (JE) Deut 15:16 inferior to superior 1Sam 18:22 compare v1Sam 18:16 love to neighbour Lev 19:18 (וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֺ֑ךָ), partic to stranger Lev 19:34 (both P), Deut 10:18; Deut 10:19 love of friend to friend 1Sam 16:21; 1Sam 18:1; 1Sam 18:3; 1Sam 20:17 (twice in verse); Job 19:19; Prov 17:1 compare 2Sam 19:7 (twice in verse); 2Chr 19:2 see also Prov 9:8; Prov 16:13 compare Prov 15:12 see especially Participle below

2. less often of appetite, object food, Gen 27:7; Gen 27:9; Gen 27:14 (JE); drink Hos 3:1; Prov 21:17 husbandry 2Chr 26:10 compare figurative of Ephraim Hos 10:11 followed by infinitive; length of life Ps 34:13 of cupidity Hos 9:1; 1Sam 1:23; Eccl 5:9 (twice in verse); of love of sleep Prov 20:13 compare figurative of sluggish watchmen (followed by infinitive) Isa 56:10 also with object abstract wisdom (personified), knowledge, righteousness, etc. Prov 4:6; Prov 8:17; Prov 8:21; Prov 12:1; Prov 22:11; Prov 29:3; Amos 5:15; Mic 6:8 (infinitive || infinitives) Zech 8:19, compare Prov 19:8 קֹנֶה לֵב אֹהֵב נַפְשׁוֺ; object folly, evil, etc., Mic 3:2; Mic 4:3; Ps 11:5; Ps 52:5; Ps 52:6; Ps 109:17; Prov 1:22; Prov 8:36; Prov 17:19 (twice in verse), compare Prov 18:21; Zech 8:17, compare כֵּן ׳א Amos 4:5; Jer 5:3, followed by Infinitive Hos 12:8; Jer 14:10, especially of idolatry Hos 4:13 (where strike out הֵבוּ compare Kö^{1. p. 395}) Jer 8:2.

3. love to God Exod 20:6 (JE) elsewhere Hexateuch only Deut 5:10; Deut 6:5; Deut 7:9 + 9 t. Deuteronomy + Josh 22:5; Josh 23:11 also Judg 5:31; 1Kgs 3:3; Neh 1:5; Dan 9:4 especially in (late) Ps 31:24; Ps 116:1; Ps 145:20, but usually followed by name, law, etc. of ׳י Ps 5:12; Ps 26:8; Ps 40:17; Ps 69:37; Ps 70:5; Ps 97:10; Ps 119:47 + 11 t. Ps 119 compare Isa 56:6 compare also of love to Jerusalem Isa 66:10; Ps 122:6.

4. especially Participle אֹהֵב =
(a) lover, Lam 1:2 (figurative of Jerusalem);
(b) friend Hiram of David 1Kgs 5:15, compare Jer 20:4; Jer 20:6; Esth 5:10; Esth 5:14; Esth 6:13; Ps 38:12 (|| רֵעַ) so Ps 88:19, Prov 14:20 also Prov 18:24; Prov 27:6 Abraham of God Isa 41:8; 2Chr 20:7.

5. of divine love
(a) to individual men Deut 4:37; 2Sam 12:24; Prov 3:12; Prov 15:9; Ps 146:8; Neh 13:26
(b) to people Israel, etc. Deut 7:8; Deut 7:13; Deut 23:6; Hos 3:1; Hos 9:15; Hos 11:1; Hos 14:5; 1Kgs 10:9; 2Chr 2:10; 2Chr 9:8; 2Chr 48:14; (3 t. in verse); Ps 47:5 to Jerusalem Ps 78:68; Ps 87:2
(c) to righteousness, etc. Ps 11:7; Ps 33:5; Ps 37:28; Ps 45:8; Ps 99:4; Isa 61:8; Mal 2:11. Niph`al Participle plural הַנֶּאֱהָבִים 2Sam 1:23 lovely, loveable of Saul & Jonath. (|| הַנְּעִימִם). Pi`el Participle plural suffix (בָֿ֑י) מְאַהֲבַי Hos 2:7 + 3 t.; (בָֿ֑יִח) מְאַהֲבַיִח Jer 22:20 + 6 t.; מְאַהֲבֶיהָ Hos 2:9 + 4 t.

1. friends Zech 13:6

2. lovers in figure of adulterous Israel Hos 2:7; Hos 2:9; Hos 2:12; Hos 2:14; Hos 2:15; Ezek 23:5; Ezek 23:9 Judah Jer 22:20; Jer 22:22; Jer 30:14; Lam 1:19; Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:36; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:22.

love, loved, loveth, lovers, friends, …

ʾāhab

to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

to love

(Qal)

human love for another, includes family, and sexual

lover (participle)

to individual men

lovely (participle)

friends

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8441

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncbsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1870

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Aamsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7563

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vprmsa

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7291

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6666

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H157

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV