Proverbs 25:18

מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר

A man that beareth false witness against his neighbour is a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow.

Connections

נַפְשִׁי׀ בְּתוֹךְ לְבָאִם אֶשְׁכְּבָה לֹהֲטִים בְּֽנֵי-אָדָם שִׁנֵּיהֶם חֲנִית וְחִצִּים וּלְשׁוֹנָם חֶרֶב חַדָּֽה׃

My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.

Proverbs 12:18

יֵשׁ בּוֹטֶה כְּמַדְקְרוֹת חָרֶב וּלְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים מַרְפֵּֽא׃

There is that speaketh like the piercings of a sword: but the tongue of the wise is health.

Jeremiah 9:8

חֵץ ‫(שוחט)‬ שָׁחוּט לְשׁוֹנָם מִרְמָה דִבֵּר בְּפִיו שָׁלוֹם אֶת-רֵעֵהוּ יְדַבֵּר וּבְקִרְבּוֹ יָשִׂים אָרְבּֽוֹ׃

Their tongue is as an arrow shot out; it speaketh deceit: one speaketh peaceably to his neighbour with his mouth, but in heart he layeth his wait.

James 3:6

καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ· ὁ κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας οὕτως ἡ γλῶσσα καθίσταται ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν ἡ σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα καὶ φλογίζουσα τὸν τροχὸν τῆς γενέσεως καὶ φλογιζομένη ὑπὸ τῆς γεέννης

And the a tongue is a fire, world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire of hell.

Jeremiah 9:3

וַֽיַּדְרְכוּ אֶת-לְשׁוֹנָם קַשְׁתָּם שֶׁקֶר וְלֹא לֶאֱמוּנָה גָּבְרוּ בָאָרֶץ כִּי מֵרָעָה אֶל-רָעָה׀ יָצָאוּ וְאֹתִי לֹֽא-יָדָעוּ נְאֻם-יְהוָֽה׃

And they bend their tongues like their bow for lies: but they are not valiant for the truth upon the earth; for they proceed from evil to evil, and they know not me, saith the LORD.

Psalms 120:3

מַה-יִּתֵּן לְךָ וּמַה-יֹּסִיף לָךְ לָשׁוֹן רְמִיָּֽה׃

What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue?

Proverbs 24:28

אַל-תְּהִי עֵד-חִנָּם בְּרֵעֶךָ וַהֲפִתִּיתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃

Be not a witness against thy neighbour without cause; and deceive not with thy lips.

Psalms 140:3

שָֽׁנֲנוּ לְשׁוֹנָם כְּֽמוֹ-נָחָשׁ חֲמַת עַכְשׁוּב תַּחַת שְׂפָתֵימוֹ סֶֽלָה׃

They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders' poison is under their lips. Selah.

Psalms 52:2

הַוּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁב לְשׁוֹנֶךָ כְּתַעַר מְלֻטָּשׁ עֹשֵׂה רְמִיָּֽה׃

Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully.

Psalms 55:21

חָלְקוּ׀ מַחְמָאֹת פִּיו וּֽקֲרָב-לִבּוֹ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן וְהֵמָּה פְתִחֽוֹת׃

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords.

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Proverbs 25:18

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Cantillation

Masoretic Phrasing

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.

מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב Dechi — a lesser break וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ Revia Mugrash — a lesser break עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר Silluq — end of the verse

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Word Parts

מֵפִ֣יץ

Root word maul

Dictionary form: מֵפִיץ · may-PEETS

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

מֵפִיץ

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: is a maul

is a maul ×1

More options

war club — Most common modern term for this heavy striking weapon.

battle club — Emphasizes military/combat context clearly.

mace — Familiar modern word; implies a weighted head on a handle.

cudgel — Slightly literary; a thick, heavy stick used as a weapon.

bludgeon — Vivid and contemporary; stresses brutal, crushing force.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6556 H4650

מֵפִיץ noun masculine scatterer, disperser; — Nah 2:2 (si vera 1.), but read perhaps מַפֵּץ club, hammer JDMich We Now; so also Prov 25:18, compare Toy.

Strong's Definition H4650

maul

mēpîṣ

a breaker, i.e., mallet

scatterer, disperser, scattering club

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 1 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ ֭חֶרֶב

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

֭חֶרֶב

Root word sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

Dictionary form: חֶרֶב · heh-REB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncfsa

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

וְ	Speech Conjunction
חֶרֶב	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and a sword

by the sword ×59 the sword ×55 of the sword ×46 with the sword ×37 sword ×30 a sword ×25 his sword ×12 and the sword ×10

More options

sword — Standard rendering; best for military and judicial contexts.

blade — Vivid, poetic alternative emphasizing the cutting edge.

dagger — Prefer when a shorter, personal weapon is implied.

knife — Use for domestic or ritual cutting tools, not battle.

weapon — Broad; good when the specific implement is secondary.

slaughter — Metonymic; fits idioms like 'fall to the sword'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3095 H2719

חֶ֫רֶב₄₁₁ noun feminine^{Isa 21:15} sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, , Zinjirli חרב; Arabic dart, javelin) — absolute חֶ֫רֶב Gen 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exod 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deut 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exod 15:9 + 13 t.; חַרְבְּךָ Gen 27:40 + 7 t.; חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1Sam 17:33; Ps 17:13 חַרְבּוֺ Num 22:23 + 24 t.; חַרְבְּכֶם Jer 2:30; Ezek 33:26 חַרְבָּם Ps 37:15; Ps 44:4 plural חֲרָבוֺת Isa 21:15 + 5 t.; construct חַרְבוֺת Josh 5:2 + 2 t.; suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezek 26:9 חַרְבוֺתָם Isa 2:4 + 5 t.; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Mic 4:3 + 2 t.; —

1. a. sword, as weapon of war Gen 48:22 (E), Judg 7:14; Judg 7:20; 1Sam 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ ׳ח Judg 3:16, compare פִּיּוֺת ׳ח Prov 5:4 (in simile), פִּיפִיּוֺת ׳ח Ps 149:6 see also ׳צוּר ח edge of sword Ps 89:44.
b. gird on sword = ׳חָגַר הח 1Sam 17:39; 1Sam 25:13 (3 t. in verse); Ps 45:4 (׳הח ׳ח עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Exod 32:27, compare especially 2Sam 20:8.
c. draw the sword ׳הֵרִיק הח Exod 15:9; Lev 26:33; Ezek 5:2; Ezek 5:12; Ezek 12:14; Ezek 28:7, ׳הוציא הח Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:10, ׳פתח הח Ps 37:14; Ezek 21:33, נטשׁ Isa 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ see below); usually ׳שׁלף הח Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Judg 3:22; Judg 8:10; Judg 8:20; Judg 9:54; 1Sam 17:51; 1Sam 31:4 = 1Chr 10:4; 1Chr 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors ׳שֹׁלֵף ח Judg 20:2; Judg 20:15; Judg 20:17; Judg 20:25; Judg 20:35; Judg 20:46; 2Sam 24:9; 2Kgs 3:26; 1Chr 21:5 (twice in verse); ׳וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶלהַֿח 2Sam 23:10, insert also in || 1Chr 11:13 (Dr).
d. whet, sharpen the sword ׳לטשׁ הח Ps 7:13 (compare Isa 21:15 above), but also שׁנן Deut 32:41 compare Ps 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ezek 21:14; Ezek 21:16.
e. put up the sword into the sheath אֶלנְֿדָנָהּ ׳הֵשִׁיב הח 1Chr 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר 1Sam 7:51; 2Sam 20:8; Jer 47:6; Ezek 21:8). feminine slay with sword הרג ׳בח Josh 10:11; Josh 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים 1Sam 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים ᵐ5 We Dr; rarely ׳הכה בח Josh 11:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 very often ׳הִכָּה לְפִיחֿ smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25) = without quarter Num 21:24 (E) Deut 13:16 a Deut 20:13; Josh 11:11; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:14 (all D) Judg 18:27; Judg 21:10; 1Kgs 10:25; Job 1:15; Job 1:17 also with העיר as sole object Josh 8:24; Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37, compare vJosh 10:39; Josh 19:47; Judg 1:8; Judg 1:25; Judg 20:37; 1Sam 22:19 (twice in verse); 2Sam 15:14 ׳הרג לפיחֿ Gen 34:26 (J); ׳החרים לפיחֿ Deut 13:16b (including הָעִיר in object), Josh 6:21; 1Sam 15:8, ׳חלשׁ לפיחֿ Exod 17:13 (E); ׳נפל לפיחֿ Josh 8:24; Judg 4:16 ׳ל֗֗֗פיחֿ׳וַיָּהָם י Judg 4:15 — (׳לפיחֿ is chiefly in Joshua and Judges (21 t.), in Hexateuch only J E D; but Job post-exilic).
g. ׳אכלה הח etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deut 32:42 (poetry), 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Isa 1:10; Jer 2:30; Jer 46:10; Jer 46:14; Nah 2:14.
h. slain by sword is ׳חֲלַלחִֿ Num 19:16 (P) and frequently Ezekiel, ׳חַלְלֵיחֿ Ezek 31:17; Ezek 31:18; Ezek 32:21; Ezek 32:25; Ezek 32:28; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30; Ezek 32:32; Ezek 35:8 ׳מְחֻלְלֵי ח vEzek 35:26 < Co ׳חלליחֿ (on text of Ezek 32:20; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:31 see Co).
i. ׳שְׁבֻיוֺת ח Gen 31:26 are captives of (taken by) sword.
j. sword frequently agent of ׳י Judg 7:20; Isa 34:6; Jer 12:12; Jer 47:6 etc., — so Deut 28:22, but read חֹרֶב see below I. חרב (compare on other hand 1Sam 17:47); note especially Gen 3:24 ׳לַהַט הח הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; in poetry ׳לַהַכ ח Nah 3:3, ׳בְּרַק ח Deut 32:41.
k. ׳ח figurative of tongue Ps 57:5 compare Ps 59:8 figurative of violence war, etc., Gen 27:40 in simile Prov 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

2. knife צֻרִים ׳ח flint knives for use in circumcision Josh 5:2; Josh 5:3 (see We^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Ezek 5:1; Ezek 5:2 חַדָּה תַּעַר ׳ח הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

3. of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exod 20:25 ׳יִתֹּץ בח Ezek 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Co ' Eisen '), but possibly swords as implement ready to hand; 2Chr 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who compare Ps 109:10 see חָרְבָּה below II. חרב (ᵐ5 ᵑ9 omit חרב).

Strong's Definition H2719

sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

ḥereb

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

sword, knife

sword

Variations 53 forms of this word

Translations 97 English renderings

Sword

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Word Parts

וְ חֵ֣ץ

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

חֵ֣ץ

Root word arrows, arrow, dart, shaft, staff, …

Dictionary form: חֵץ · hayts

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

וְ	Speech Conjunction
חֵץ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: arrow

arrows ×8 the arrows ×7 and arrows ×3 thine arrows ×3 an arrow ×2 his arrows ×2 a dart ×1 and shooting arrows ×1

More options

arrow — Default singular; fits most narrative and poetic contexts.

shaft — Emphasizes the physical rod/projectile; good for literal descriptions.

dart — Smaller, thrown projectile; suits swift or surprise imagery.

bolt — Vivid, forceful alternative; suits divine-judgment or lightning imagery.

missile — Broad modern term; use when weapon type is secondary.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3043 H2671

חֵץ noun masculine^{1Sam 20:20} arrow, mostly in poetry and prophets (compare חֵצִי above below חצה) — absolute ׳ח Ps 91:5 + 9 t. + 1Sam 17:7 Kt (Qr עֵץ q. v.); construct id. 2Kgs 1; 2Kgs 3:17; 2Kgs 13:17 suffix חִצִּי Job 34:6, חִצּוֺ Ps 58:8; Zech 9:14, חִצָּם Ps 11:2; Ps 64:4 Plural חִצִּים Gen 49:23 + 17 t. + 1Sam 20:38 Qr (Kt חֵ֫צִי q. v.) + 2Sam 22:15 (< חִצָּיו || Ps 18:15); construct חִצֵּת Job 6:4; Ps 120:4 + Ezek 5:16 (Co חִצַּי compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hi); חִצַּי Deut 32:23; Deut 32:42 (Ezek 5:16 see above), חִצֶּיךָ Ps 38:3 + 4 t.; חִצָּיו Isa 5:28 + 5 t.; — arrow:

1. literally, shot from bow by hand 1Sam 20:20; 1Sam 20:21 (twice in verse); 1Sam 20:22 (ᵐ5 We singular, i.e. הַחֵצִי, in v1Sam 20:21 v1Sam 20:22, see also Dr) v1Sam 20:36 v1Sam 20:38 Qr 2Kgs 19:32 = Isa 37:33; Isa 5:28; Isa 7:24; Jer 50:9; Jer 50:14; Jer 51:11; Ezek 39:3; Ezek 39:9; 1Chr 12:2 shot from engine of war 2Chr 26:15 used in divination Ezek 21:26 compare 2Kgs 13:15 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 13:17 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 13:18 בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים = archers Gen 49:23.

2. figurative of Israel's weapons Num 24:8, of the (Messianic) king Ps 45:6, of Yahweh's judgments Deut 32:23; Deut 32:42; Job 6:4 (compare חִצִּי = my wound Job 34:6), Ps 7:14; Ps 38:3; Ps 58:8 (but on text compare Che^{critical note}.) Ps 64:8; Ps 120:4 (? compare Che); further Prov 7:23; Lam 3:12; Ezek 5:16 in theoph. Ps 18:15 = 2Sam 22:15, compare Hab 3:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 144:6 of wicked men's violence Ps 11:2 compare Ps 91:5, under figure of lion's teeth Ps 57:5 their words Ps 64:4 compare Prov 25:18; Jer 9:8 simile, of strength and efficiency derived from one's children, Ps 127:4 of a deceiver's words Prov 26:18 metaphor of servant of ׳בָּרוּר י ׳ח Isa 49:2. — In 1Sam 17:7 read עֵץ (for חֵץ) as Qr and || 2Sam 21:19 = the shaft; see עֵץ; so Klo Dr.

Strong's Definition H2671

arrows, arrow, dart, shaft, staff, …

ḥēṣ

properly, a piercer, i.e., an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunder-bolt; the shaft of a spear

arrow

Variations 26 forms of this word

Translations 32 English renderings

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Word Parts

שָׁנ֑וּן

Root word sharp, whet, sharpened, diligently, pricked

Dictionary form: שָׁנַן · shaw-NAHN

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqsmsa

Verb — Qal, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" a settled state — try "___ed"

שָׁנוּן

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Participle Passive Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: and a sharp

are sharp ×2 and a sharp ×1 and i was pricked ×1 and thou shalt teach them diligently ×1 i whet ×1 sharp ×1 they have sharpened ×1 whet ×1

More options

sharpen — Core meaning; best for physical or metaphorical sharpening.

hone — Implies careful, deliberate sharpening; suits tools or skills.

whet — Modernized KJV form; still natural for whetstone contexts.

teach diligently — Use in Deut 6:7 instructional/repetition sense.

pierce — For contexts of being stung or pricked emotionally or physically.

instill deeply — Suits repeated, incisive teaching or impressing on the mind.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8890 H8150

[שָׁנַן] verb whet, sharpen (compare Arabic id.; Aramaic שְׁנִינָא, sharp, etc.; Ethiopic [] III, 2, contend, litigate; hence שֵׁן tooth, Late Hebrew id., Assyrian šinnu, Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic שִׁנָּא, ); —

Qal whet, sharpen: Perfect 1 singular אִם שַׁנּוֺתִ֫י בְּרַק חַרְבִּי (Ges^{«GKC:67ee»§ 67ee}) Deut 32:41, of ׳י's preparation for judgment; 3 plural (כַחֶרֶב) שָֽׁנְנוּ לְשׁוֺנָם Ps 64:4; Ps 140:4 of uttering sharp words; Passive participle שְׁנוּנִים sharpened, of arrows, Isa 5:28; Ps 45:6, figurative of tongue Ps 120:4, of false witness Prov 25:18. Pi`el Perfect consecutive וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ Deut 6:7 i.e. teach the words incisively, German 'einschärfen.' Hithpo`el Imperfect 1 singular Ps 73:21 in my kidneys אֶשְׁתּוֺנָ֑ן I was pierced (of poignant envy).

BDB9975 H8127 H8150

שׁנן (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew [שָׁנַן], שֵׁן).

Strong's Definition H8150

sharp, whet, sharpened, diligently, pricked

šānan

to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate

to sharpen, whet

(Qal) to whet, sharpen

Variations 7 forms of this word

Translations 8 English renderings

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Word Parts

אִ֥ישׁ

Root word man, men, one, husband, mans, …

Dictionary form: אִישׁ · eesh

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

אִישׁ

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: a man

man ×241 men ×209 a man ×163 every man ×120 the men ×118 the man ×107 every one ×81 one ×57

More options

man — Default singular; covers most direct references to an adult male.

person — Gender-neutral; prefer when context stresses individuality over sex.

husband — Use specifically in marriage or household relationship contexts.

someone — Indefinite pronoun; suits partitive or existential constructions.

everyone — Distributive sense; fits 'each/every man' idioms.

fellow — Informal register; good for relational or contemptuous contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB389 H376 H381 H382

אִישׁ₂₁₆₆ noun masculine man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Phoenician אש, perhaps also Sabean אסם compare Prät^l.c, but DHM^{ZMG 1883, 330}) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:23 +; construct Gen 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Gen 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Ps 141:4 + 2 t. (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gen 12:20 +, from √ אנשׁ q. v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judg 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשַׁי 1Sam 23:12 etc.; — man, opposed to woman Gen 2:23; Gen 2:24; Lev 20:27; Num 5:6; Deut 17:2f; Josh 6:21; Josh 8:25; Jer 40:7, emphasis on sexual distinction & relation Gen 19:8; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:25; Exod 22:15; Lev 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַ֑ע) vLev 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה ׳זֿ׳אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ) Lev 20:10 f; Num 5:13f; Deut 22:22f; Isa 4:1 +; thence = husband, especially with suffix Gen 3:6; Gen 3:16; Gen 16:3; Gen 29:32; Gen 29:34; Lev 21:7; Num 30:7f; Deut 28:56; Judg 13:8f; Ruth 1:3f; 1Sam 25:19; Jer 29:6; Ezek 16:45 +; figurative of ׳י as husband of Israel אִישִׁי Hos 2:18 (opposed to בַּעְלִּי); man as procreator, father Eccl 6:3 of male child Gen 4:1 compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 1:11 man, opposed to beast Exod 11:7; Lev 20:15 (compare אָדָם); compare figurative Ps 22:7 but also of male of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse) (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֺ); man, opposed to God Gen 32:29; Num 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (|| וּבֶןאָֿדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם); Job 9:32; Job 32:13; Hos 11:9 compare Isa 31:8; Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּלבְּֿשַׂר אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2Sam 7:14 (|| נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 [

**אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 is textual error; We (apparently Sm) אֲנֻשִׁים; Toy^Hpt אוֺנִים (Hos 9:4).] (compare Isa 8:1); אַמַּתאִֿישׁ Deut 3:11 but also contracted אָדָם Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10 man, as valiant 1Sam 4:9 (twice in verse) (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1Kgs 2:2 compare 1Sam 26:15 so אִישׁ חַיִל 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Kgs 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Num 31:49; Deut 2:14; Deut 2:16; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:6 +; even of ׳י Exod 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; often prefixed to other nouns in apposition אָדוֺן ׳א Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33, שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט ׳א Exod 2:14, כֹּהֵן ׳א Lev 21:9, סָרִיס ׳א Jer 38:7 particular before adjective, of a people אִישׁ מִצְרִי Gen 39:1; Exod 2:11; Exod 2:19 compare Gen 37:28; Gen 38:1; Gen 38:2; Gen 39:14; 1Sam 17:12; 1Sam 30:11; 1Sam 30:13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Num 25:6; Judg 10:1 + (so Phoenician); usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1Sam 7:11; 1Sam 31:7 (twice in verse) compare Josh 7:4; Josh 7:5 +; also singularcollective Deut 27:14; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Judg 20:11; 1Sam 11:8 (see Dr) +; 2Sam 10:6; 2Sam 10:8 (טוֺב ׳א); (so MI¹⁰; MI¹³); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1Sam 18:27; 1Sam 23:3 f 1Sam 24:3; 1Sam 25:13 + compare Deut 33:8 singular collective see Di; אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים man of God = prophet Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6; 1Sam 9:6f; 1Kgs 12:13f + (see אלהים); in phrase followed by abstract אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה ׳א see above; שֵׂיבָה ׳א Deut 32:25, הַדָּמִים ׳א 2Sam 16:7 compare see 8, הַבְּלִיַּעַל ׳א 2Sam 16:7, מָוֶת ׳א 1Kgs 2:26, חָמָס ׳א Ps 140:12; Prov 3:31 +; followed by word of occupation, etc. שָׂדֶה׳א Gen 25:27, הָאֲדָמָה׳א Gen 9:20 (compare Zech 13:5), ׳א הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1Sam 17:4 (compare Dr) v1Sam 17:23, בְּשׂרָה ׳א 2Sam 18:20, אִישׁ עֲצָתוֺ his counsellor Isa 40:13, compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1Kgs 20:42, רֵעִים ׳א Prov 18:24 often distributive = each, every Gen 9:5; Gen 10:5; Gen 40:5 (twice in verse); Exod 12:3 +; including women Job 42:11; 1Chr 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָלאִֿישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּרלֶֿחֶם; of inanimate things 1Kgs 7:30; 1Kgs 7:36 also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exod 36:4; Num 4:19; Num 4:49; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 +; any one Exod 34:3 (twice in verse); Exod 34:24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lev 15:2; Lev 22:4; Lev 22:18 +; of gods 2Kgs 18:33 = Isa 36:18 one...another וְהִרְגוּ אִישֿׁ אֶתאָֿחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶתרֵֿעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶתקְֿרֹבוֺExod 32:27, אִישׁ ֗֗֗ אָחִיו Deut 1:16; Mic 7:2 (see אָח), אִישׁרֵ֗֗֗עֵהוּ Gen 11:3; Gen 11:7 + (see רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gen 15:10.

Strong's Definition H376

man, men, one, husband, mans, …

ʾîš

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

Variations 91 forms of this word

Translations 398 English renderings

Man

Search every verse

Word Parts

עֹנֶ֥ה

Root word answered, answer, hear, heard, testify, …

Dictionary form: עָנָה · aw-NAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqrmsa

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

עֹנֶה

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Participle Active Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: that beareth

answered ×104 then answered ×20 and answered ×16 answer ×15 hear ×15 will answer ×6 and he answered ×5 and they answered ×4

More options

answer — Most versatile; fits narrative, dialogue, and legal contexts.

respond — Slightly more formal; good for measured or official replies.

reply — Conversational register; suits quick, informal exchanges.

testify — Prefer in legal or courtroom contexts; witness-bearing sense.

speak up — Captures the sense of raising one's voice or calling out.

declare — For solemn, public, or proclamatory utterances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5887 H6030

[עוּן] verb dwell (probably; √ of following; Arabic , is support, help, see especially Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 87 ff.}); —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular consecutive וְעָנָה֫ (read וְעָ֫נָה ?) Isa 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement see Ges^{«GKC:145k»§ 145k}; || שׁכן vIsa 13:21), so ᵐ5 Buhl; Che^Heb.Hpt.124 וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > ᵑ6 ᵑ7 ᵑ9 and others √ IV. ענה. — Ps 87:7 see מַעְיָן.

BDB6195 H6030

I. עָנָה verb answer, respond (Late Hebrew id., respond, make response; ᵑ7 עֲנָא; Syriac , Old Aramaic, Palmyrene ענה; compare Arabic , , intend by saying); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ע Mic 6:5 +; suffix עָנַנִי 1Sam 28:15 +, עָנָךְ Isa 30:19; Jer 23:37, עָנָהוּ 1Sam 9:17 +; 1 singular עָנִיתִי Hos 14:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Gen 41:16 +, וַיַּעַן Amos 7:14 +, suffix יַעֲנֵנִי Job 20:3 +, etc.; Imperative עֲנֵה Mic 6:3; Prov 26:5 etc.; Infinitive construct עֲנוֺת Gen 45:3 + [2Sam 22:36 see עֲנָוָה]; Participle עֹנֶה Judg 19:28 +, etc.; —

1. answer, respond to something said, actual or implied, Judg 8:8; 1Sam 4:20; Job 9:15 +; especially
a. of men, with accusative of person Gen 45:3 (E), Judg 5:29; 2Kgs 18:36 = Isa 36:21; Job 5:1 + very often (c. 110 t.); specifically be responsive, i.e. answer kindly, grant request 1Kgs 12:7 (suffix person); = be amenable, docile (toward ׳י) Hos 2:17 (of Israel in figure); seldom and late, with accusative of thing replied to, Job 32:12; Job 33:13 (De Di Bu), Job 40:2.
b. of God answering (graciously): usually with accusative of person; by oracle 1Sam 14:37; 1Sam 28:6; 1Sam 28:15 +, figurative Hab 2:11 by deed 1Sam 7:9; 1Kgs 18:37 (twice in verse), compare בָּאֵשׁ v1Kgs 18:24; 1Chr 21:26, and especially Hos 2:23; Hos 2:24; Hos 14:9, see also Mic 3:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 49:8; Jer 33:3; Job 12:4 +, especially Psalms, e.g. Job 3:5; Job 4:2; Job 20:2 + 33 t., etc. (in all approximately 77 t.).
c. rarely with accusative, or clause, of answer: אֶתשְֿׁלוֺם פַּרְעֹה ׳אלהים יַע Gen 41:16; Job 15:2; Prov 18:23; Neh 8:6 they responded, Amen ! 2Sam 19:43 they made reply against Israel (with עַל against, only here), + quoted answer; with accusative of person + answer 1Sam 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul, David asked leave, etc.; with 2. accusative (c. 20 t.) 2Kgs 18:36 = Isa 36:21; Job 23:5 +; so = grant, vouchsafe to, נוֺרָאוֺת תַּעֲנֵנוּ Ps 65:6 terrible things dost thou [׳י] vouchsafe to us.
d. often + אָמַר Gen 18:27 Abraham answered and said, Exod 4:1 (J), Exod 19:8 (E), Job 4:1; Job 6:1 etc.; + אָמַר אֶלֿ Gen 27:39 + 16 t.; + לְ ׳א vGen 27:37 + 8 t.; ׳י + accusative of person + אמר, 1Sam 9:8 he answered Saul and said, + 23t. (in all approximately 130 t.); seldom + לֵאמֹר Num 32:31 (P), ׳ע + accusative of person + ׳עא Gen 23:5; Gen 23:10; Gen 23:14 (P), Gen 41:16; Gen 42:22 (E), Josh 1:16 (D) .
e. seldom + דִּבֶּר Josh 22:21 (P), 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:11; 2Kgs 1:12 ׳ע + accusative of person + ׳ר Gen 34:13 (P).

2. a. respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances : 1Sam 9:17 (accusative of person + quotation), Judg 18:14 ( + אָמַר), Num 11:28 (J E; + id.), 2Kgs 1:11 (+ id.), + 19 t. b figurative יַעֲנֶה אֶתהַֿכֹּל Eccl 10:19 money meets all demands.

3. a. specifically respond as a witness, testify, so perhaps participleעֹנֶה (absolute) Mal 2:12 (in good sense); with בְּ person= in the case of = for Gen 30:33 usually against, 1Sam 12:3; 2Sam 1:16; Isa 3:9; Isa 59:12; Mic 6:3; Jer 14:7; Num 35:30 (P), Ruth 1:21 (>Be be occupied with, II.ענה; Vrss Luth Kit^Kau עִנָּה humiliate); with בְּפָנָיו Hos 5:5; Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 with לְפָנָיו Deut 31:21 (+ לְעֵד as witness); with בְּ person + accusative of charge, סָרָה Deut 19:16, of false witness שֶׁקֶר vDeut 19:18, עֵדשֶֿׁקֶר Exod 20:16 (Ginsb vExod 20:13), || Deut 5:17; Prov 25:18: absolute (bad implication) Exod 23:2 (E; עַל concerning).
b. less often make response as one accused (respondent) Job 9:14; Job 9:15. Niph`al 1. make answer, subject ׳י, with ל person, Perfect 1 singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Ezek 14:4 Participle נַעֲנֶה (Qal not in Ezekiel).

2. be answered: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵעָנֶה,
a. Job 11:2 (subject words).
b. of man = receive answer Prov 21:3, so 1 singular אֵעָנֶה Job 19:7. Hiph`il Participle מַעֲנֶה בְּשִׂמְחַת לִבּוֺ Eccl 5:19, wholly dubious; Hi (God) causes (all things) to respond in the joy of his heart; De answers to the joy, etc.; de Jong Wild occupies him (II. עָנָה) with the joy, etc.

BDB6216 H6030

IV. עָנָה verb sing (Arabic sing, chant, singing, chanting, etc.; Syriac sing responsively, hymn, refrain; possibly Assyrian enû, resound (?); Egyptian anni is loan-word according to Bondi⁸⁰); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular וְעָנוּ consecutive Jer 51:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעַנֶה Jer 25:30 3 feminine singular וַתַּעַן Exod 15:21 3 feminine plural וַתַּעֲנֶינָה 1Sam 18:7, etc.; Imperative עֱנוּ Num 21:17; Ps 147:7 Infinitive construct עֲנוֺת Exod 32:18 (twice in verse); — sing, utter tunefully, Exod 15:21 (E) and Miriam sang to (ל) them; of uttering shout (הֵידָד), as in vintage Jer 25:30 (׳י subject; + אֶלֿ person), in attack Jer 51:14 (+ עַלֿ person); (חֲלוּשָׁה) קוֺל עֲנוֺת גְּבוּרָה Exod 32:18 (twice in verse) (E); with ל of thing or person laudation Num 21:17 (J E; well); Ps 147:7 (׳י; || זַמְּרוּ), Ezra 3:11 + אָמַר 1Sam 18:7 the women sang, and said; יַעֲנוּ בַמְּחֹלוֺת לֵאמֹר 1Sam 21:12; 1Sam 29:5 with accusative of thing laudation Ps 119:172 (compare || vPs 119:171). — Isa 14:22 see עון Pi`el intensive: Imperative עַנּוּלָֿהּ Isa 27:2 sing sweetly of it; Infinitive קוֺל עַנּוֺת Exod 32:18 (E) the sound of distinct singing; compare לְעַנּוֺת Ps 88:1.

BDB9780 H6030 H6032

I. [עֲנָה] verb answer (see Biblical Hebrew I. עָנָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular עֲנַת Dan 5:10 3 masculine plural עֲנוֺ Dan 2:7 +; Participle active (עֲנָה Nö^{GGA, 1884, 1021}) עָנֵה Dan 2:5 +, plural עָנַיִן (K^{§ 47 Beisp. e})) Dan 3:24 — always + אמר Participle, answered and said (ל [or קֳדָם] person usually following אדר; following ׳ע Dan 2:10; Dan 2:27; Dan 2:47): —

1. answer, make reply, to something said: Dan 2:5; Dan 2:7; Dan 2:8; Dan 2:10; Dan 2:27; Dan 3:16; Dan 3:24; Dan 3:25; Dan 4:16 b Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14.

2. respond to occasion, speak in view of a situation: Dan 2:15; Dan 2:20; Dan 2:26; Dan 3:9; Dan 3:14; Dan 3:19; Dan 3:24; Dan 3:26; Dan 3:28; Dan 4:16a; Dan 4:27; Dan 5:10.

Strong's Definition H6030

answered, answer, hear, heard, testify, …

ʿānâ

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce

to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout

(Qal)

to answer, respond to

to make answer

Variations 115 forms of this word

Translations 127 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

בְ ֝רֵעֵ ֗הוּ

בְ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

֝רֵעֵ

Root word neighbour, neighbours, friend, another, friends, …

֗הוּ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: רֵעַ · RAY-ah

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Ncmsc/Sp3ms

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בְ	Speech Preposition
רֵעֵ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct
הוּ	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

In English

In the KJV here: against his neighbour

his neighbour ×32 another ×17 his neighbours ×10 against his neighbour ×6 thy neighbours ×6 of his neighbour ×5 friends ×4 of his friend ×4

More options

neighbor — Most common sense; updated spelling from KJV 'neighbour'.

friend — Use when relational warmth or closeness is implied.

fellow — Good for peer or associate in a group context.

companion — Emphasizes ongoing closeness or shared experience.

associate — Neutral; suits legal or formal contractual contexts.

another person — Best when רֵעַ means 'one another' or 'each other'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7824 H7452 H7453 H7454

I. רֵעַ verbal noun shouting, roar, but dubious; — קוֺל הָעָם בְּרֵעֹה֯ Exod 32:17 (E) sound of the people as they shouted (read Infinitive construct בָּרִעֹה for בְּהָרִיעוֺ, compare √5); יַגִּיד עָלָיו רֵע֑וֺ Job 36:33 the roar thereof telleth of him (< רַעְמוֺ his thunder, so Bu); לָמָּה תָרִיעִי רֵעַ Mic 4:9 why criest thou out with a crying? i.e. so loudly (but see √

6. ). — II. III. רֵעַ see רעה. p. 945f

BDB8001 H7453 H7452 H7454

II. רֵעַ₁₈₇ noun masculine^{Prov 17:17} friend, companion, fellow; — ׳ר absolute 2Sam 13:3 +, construct 1Chr 27:33 suffix רֵעִי Job 31:9 +, רֵעְַךָ Deut 5:17 +, רֵעֶ֑ךָ Exod 2:13 +, also רֵעֶיךָ 2Sam 12:11 (singular; Ges^{«GKC:93ss»§ 93ss}), רֵעֵ֫הוּ (Ges^{«GKC:84»§ 84} a i) Gen 11:3 + 114 t., רֵעוֺ Jer 6:21, רֵעָהּ, Jer 3:30 plural רֵעִים Jer 3:1 +, construct רֵעֵי Job 2:11 suffix רֵעָיו Job 32:3, רֵעֵ֫הו (Ges^{«GKC:91k»§ 91k}) Job 42:10; 1Sam 30:26, etc.; —
l. friend, intimate, Gen 38:12; Gen 38:20(J), 1Sam 30:26; 2Sam 13:3; 1Kgs 16:11 (ᵐ5 omitted); רִעֲךָ אֲשֶׁר כְּנַפְשְׁךָ Deut 13:7, מֶתֶק רֵעֵהוּ Prov 27:9 (text dubious see Toy); Mic 7:5 (|| אַלוּף), Jer 9:3 (|| אָח), Jer 19:9; Lam 1:2 ( + אֹהֲבֶיהָ), Ps 35:14 (|| אָח) + 3 t. Psalms; especially Job 2:11; Job 6:14 + 8 t. Job; Prov 17:17; Prov 18:24 + 8 t. Proverbs ( Prov 12:26 see מֵרֵעַ below), Song 5:1 (|| דּוֺדִים); associates Zech 3:8 technical term הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ר 1Chr 27:33 (see רֵעֶה), compare 2Sam 16:17 (twice in verse); of lover Song 5:16 (|| דּוֺדִי), husband Jer 3:20, paramours Hos 3:1; Jer 3:1 metaphor רֵעַ לִבְנוֺת יַעֲנָה Job 30:29 (|| אָח לְתַנִּים).

2. in weaker sense, fellow, fellow-citizen, even another person,, with whom one stands in reciprocal relations, Exod 2:13; Exod 20:16; Exod 20:17 (3 t. in verse) (Gi vExod 20:13 vExod 20:14 vExod 20:14 vExod 20:14) = Deut 5:17; Deut 5:18 (3 t. in verse), Exod 21:14; Exod 22:7; Exod 22:8; Exod 22:10; Exod 22:25 (all E), Lev 19:13; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 20:10 (all H), Deut 4:42; Deut 15:2 (twice in verse) + 11 t. Deuteronomy; Josh 20:5 (D), Judg 7:14; Jer 9:7; Jer 22:13; Jer 29:23; Jer 22:11; Jer 22:12; Ps 15:3; Ps 28:3; Ps 101:5; Prov 3:28; Prov 3:29; Prov 6:1 (|| זָר !) + 18 t. Proverbs; וְרֵעוֺ שָׁכֵן Jer 6:21; 1Sam 15:28 hath given (the kingdom) to thy fellow, = another than thou, so 1Sam 28:17; 2Sam 12:11 so also אִישׁ ֗֗֗ רֵעֵהוּ a (given, certain) man over against his fellow (different from 3) Exod 21:18; Exod 21:35; Exod 22:6; Exod 22:9; Exod 22:13; Exod 33:11 (all E), Deut 19:11; Deut 22:26; Judg 7:13; 1Kgs 8:31; 1Kgs 20:35; Jer 7:5; 1Chr 6:22; Ruth 3:14; Eccl 4:4 similarly שָׂעִיר אֶלרֵֿעֵהוּ Isa 34:14.

3. in reciprocal phrase אִישׁ ֗֗֗ רֵעֵהו Gen 11:3 they said one to another (אִישׁ distributive), each the speech of the other vGen 11:7, absent one from the other Gen 31:49, compare Gen 43:33 (all J), Exod 11:2; Exod 18:7; Exod 18:16; Exod 32:27 (all E), Judg 6:29; Judg 7:22; Judg 10:18; 2Sam 2:16 (twice in verse) + 4 t. 1 Samuel; 2Kgs 3:23; 2Kgs 7:3; 2Kgs 7:9; 2Chr 20:23; Isa 3:5 (|| אִישׁ בְּאִישׁ), Isa 13:8; Isa 19:2 (|| אִישׁ בְּאָתִיו) Isa 41:6; Jer 5:8 + 11 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 33:26; Zech 3:10 + 6 t. Zechariah (Zech 11:6 read רֹעֵהוּ Sta^{ZAW i (1881), 26}); Mal 3:16; Jonah 1:7 so of things Gen 15:10 (J). — I. רֵעַ see רוע. p.929 below

BDB8006 H7468 H7453

I. רְעוּת noun feminine fellow (-woman); — suffix in reciprocal phrase אִשָּׁה מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ Exod 11:2 (E) each from her fellow (|| אִישׁ מֵאֵת רֵעֵהוּ, compare II. רֵעַ 3); compare Jer 9:19 of birds of prey (דַיּוֺת) Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 people under figure of sheep Zech 11:9 רְעוּתָהּ Esth 1:19 = another than she (compare 1Sam 15:28 II. רֵעַ 2).

Strong's Definition H7453

neighbour, neighbours, friend, another, friends, …

rēaʿ

an associate (more or less close)

friend, companion, fellow, another person

friend, intimate

Variations 48 forms of this word

Translations 89 English renderings

Neighbour

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Word Parts

עֵ֣ד

Root word witness, witnesses

Dictionary form: עֵד · ade

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

עֵד	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: witness

witness ×23 witnesses ×10 a witness ×3 are witnesses ×3 is witness ×3 are my witnesses ×2 is a witness ×2 of the witnesses ×2

More options

witness — Modernized core rendering; fits legal and covenantal contexts.

testifier — Emphasizes the active role of giving testimony.

eyewitness — Stress on firsthand, direct observation.

attestor — Formal/legal register; one who formally attests a fact.

testimony-bearer — Highlights the ongoing duty to carry testimony.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5857 H5707

עֵד₆₉ noun masculine^{Deut 17:6} witness (probably from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming); — ׳ע absolute Gen 31:48 +, construct Exod 20:16 +; suffix עֵדִי Job 16:19 plural עֵדִים Num 35:30 +, construct עֵדֵי Ps 27:12; Ps 35:11 suffix עֵדַי Isa 43:10; Isa 43:12, etc.; —

1. witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Gen 31:44; Gen 31:48; Gen 31:52 (JE), torn animal Exod 22:12 (E), song of Moses Deut 31:19; Deut 31:21 (J), law-book vDeut 31:26 (D), witness of ׳י against Israel; altar east of Jordan, with בֵּין, Josh 22:27; Josh 22:28; Josh 22:34 (P), compare Isa 19:20 Job's evil condition Job 16:8 the moon Ps 89:38.

2. witness, a person:
a. God, in heaven for Job Job 16:19 on earth, for Samuel 1Sam 12:5 (twice in verse) + v1Sam 12:6 ᵐ5 Th and most, Jeremiah Jer 42:5 see also 1Sam 20:12 (insert עֵד before ׳י ᵑ6 Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Jer 29:23; Mal 3:5, nations Mic 1:2 between (בֵּין persons Gen 31:50 (E).
b. Davidic dyn., to nations Isa 55:4.
c. witnesses, of transfer of property Jer 32:10; Jer 32:12; Jer 32:25; Jer 32:44, betrothal Ruth 4:9; Ruth 4:10; Ruth 4:11 usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, with בְּ against, Num 5:13; Josh 24:22; 1Sam 12:5 +, with קום rise up against Ps 27:12; Ps 35:11 עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Exod 20:16 = עֵד שָׁוְא Deut 5:17; Prov 25:18 לְפִי עֵדִים Num 35:30 (P); עַלפִּֿי עֵדִ(יםׅ Deut 17:6 (twice in verse) at the mouth of witnesses, so Deut 19:15 (twice in verse). — False witness is שֶׁקֶר ׳ע Exod 20:16; Deut 19:18 (twice in verse); Ps 27:12; Prov 6:19; Prov 14:5 שְׁקָרִים ׳ע Prov 12:17; Prov 19:5; Prov 19:9 כְּזָבִים ׳ע Prov 21:28 חִנָּם ׳ע Prov 24:28 בְּלִיַּעַל ׳ע Prov 19:28 חָמָס ׳ע witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Exod 23:1 (E) Deut 19:16; Ps 35:11. Faithful witness is אֱמוּנִים ׳ע Prov 14:5 אֱמֶת ׳ע Jer 42:5; Prov 14:25.

BDB9914 H7717 H5707

[שָֽׂהֲדוּ] noun feminine testimony (√ שְׂהַד = ᵑ7 סְהַד testify, Syriac , Arabic testify, compare Biblical Hebrew [שָׂהֵד] (once, as loan-word) K^{Aramaic 86}; Egyptian Aramaic plural שהדיאֹ witnesses Cooke⁴⁰⁴ S-C^{A. 15} + often); — emphatic שָֽׂהֲדוּתָא Gen 31:47 (|| Biblical Hebrew עֵד).

Strong's Definition H5707

witness, witnesses

ʿēd

concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince

witness

witness, testimony, evidence (of things)

Variations 19 forms of this word

Translations 28 English renderings

Bear Witness Testimony

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Word Parts

שָֽׁקֶר

Root word lying, false, lies, falsehood, falsely, …

Dictionary form: שֶׁקֶר · sheh-KER

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

שָֽׁקֶר

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: false

falsely ×13 lies ×12 a lie ×8 a lying ×7 false ×7 lying ×5 of falsehood ×4 a false ×3

More options

deception — Broad, neutral; suits most prose and legal contexts.

falsehood — Modernized KJV form; fits formal or theological writing.

lie — Direct and concrete; best when a specific false statement is meant.

fraud — Emphasizes deliberate intent to deceive; good in legal contexts.

deceit — Highlights the relational betrayal aspect of the word.

empty — Captures the 'vain/worthless' semantic range of the lemma.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9028 H8267

שֶׁ֫קֶר₁₁₃ noun masculine deception, disappointment, falsehood; — ׳שׁ Exod 23:7 + 64 t.; שָׁ֑קֶר Exod 5:9 + 42 t.; plural שְׁקָרִים Ps 101:7 + 3 t.; suffix שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Jer 23:22 —

1. deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one : a molten image Jer 10:14 = Jer 51:17 gift Prov 25:14 grace of person Prov 31:30, etc.; ׳אֹ֫רַח שׁ Ps 119:104; Ps 119:128 ׳דֶּ֫רֶח שׁ vPs 119:29 ׳בטח בשׁ Jer 13:25 ׳נחל שׁ Jer 16:19, compare also Ps 7:15; Ps 33:17; Ps 119:118; Isa 28:15 לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain 1Sam 25:21; Jer 3:23.

2. deceit, fraud, wrong : ׳עשׂה (ל) שׁ do or practise fraud, wrong Hos 7:1; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:8; Jer 8:10 with בְ, 2Sam 18:13 ׳פְּעֻלַּת שׁ Prov 11:18 ׳לֶ֫חֶם שׁ Prov 20:17 food got by fraud; ׳זֶ֫רע שׁ Isa 57:4 ׳עֵט שׁ Jer 8:8 ׳ילד שׁ Ps 7:15 (|| עמל); ׳דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ Jer 9:2 ׳בְּשׁ Jer 3:10 (|| בגד), adverb שׁקד fraudulently, wrongfully Ps 35:19; Ps 38:20; Ps 69:5; Ps 119:78; Ps 119:86.

3. injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts : עַד שֶׁקֶר Exod 20:16 (E) Deut 19:18; Ps 27:12; Prov 6:19; Prov 14:5; Prov 25:18 עֵד שׁקרים Prov 12:17; Prov 19:5; Prov 19:9 ׳ענה שׁ Deut 19:18 testify falsehood; ׳שְׁבֻעַת שׁ Ze Deut 8:17 false oath; ׳נשׁבע לשׁ swear falsely Jer 5:2 + 5 t.; ׳נשׁבע על שׁ Lev 5:22 ׳דבּר שׁ Mic 6:12 + (see [ דָּבַר], דָּבָר); ׳אִמְרֵ י שׁ Isa 32:7 ׳שׂפת(י) שׁ Ps 31:19; Ps 120:2; Prov 10:18; Prov 17:7 טפל ׳שׁ Job 13:4; Ps 119:69, compare vPs 119:163 absolute false ! 2Kgs 9:12; Jer 37:14.

4. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: ׳נכּא שׁ prophesy falsely Jer 14:14; Jer 23:25; Jer 23:26; Jer 29:21 + ל person Jer 27:10; Jer 20:14; Jer 20:16 ׳לַשּׁ ׳נ vJer 20:15 ׳בשׁ ׳נ Jer 5:31; Jer 20:6; Jer 29:9 ׳מוֺרֶה שׁ Isa 9:14; Hab 2:18 ׳חזה שׁ Zech 10:2 ׳חֲזוֺן שׁ Jer 14:14, etc., (+ 12 t.); ׳רוּח שׁ.

5. lie, falsehood, in general: ׳דבר שׁ Ps 101:7 (|| רְמִיָּה); ׳דְּבַר שׁ Prov 13:5 of מִלִּים Job 36:4 ׳לְשׁוֺן שׁ false tongue Prov 6:17; Prov 12:19; Prov 21:6; Prov 26:28; Ps 109:2 of lips Prov 12:22 ׳אִישׁ שׁ Prov 17:4 liar.

Strong's Definition H8267

lying, false, lies, falsehood, falsely, …

šeqer

an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)

lie, deception, disappointment, falsehood

deception (what deceives or disappoints or betrays one)

fraudulently, wrongfully (as adverb)

testify falsehood, false oath, swear falsely

false tongue

Variations 20 forms of this word

Translations 47 English renderings

Lies Lying Falsehood

Proverbs 25:17

Read Proverbs 25

Proverbs 25:19