Psalms 18:45

בְּנֵי נֵכָ֥ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ וְ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם

The strangers shall fade away, and be afraid out of their close places.

Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

נֵכָ֥ר

Root word strange, strangers, stranger, alien

Dictionary form: נֵכָר · nay-KAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

the strange ×5 strange ×4 of the stranger ×3 a strange ×2 of strange ×2 stranger ×2 and with strange ×1 any strange ×1

More options

foreign — Most neutral and broadly applicable modern term.

foreigner — Use when the lemma refers to a person, not a thing.

alien — Formal/legal register; good for covenant or law texts.

outsider — Emphasizes social exclusion over geographic origin.

foreign-born — Highlights origin when ethnic distinction matters.

stranger — Modernized KJV rendering; retains sense of unfamiliarity.

BDB5210 H5236

נֵכָר noun [masculine] that which is foreign, foreignness

**(properly unknown, compare Arabic √) (on formation compare Lag^{BN 51, 154}); — absolute ׳נ Judg 10:16 +, construct נֵכַרֿ Deut 31:16 — foreignness (of another family, tribe, or nation), especially

1. אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)נֵּכָר = foreign gods Gen 35:2; Gen 35:4; Josh 24:20; Josh 24:23 (all E, = אֲחֵרִים ׳א of D, compare אַחֵר), Judg 10:16; 1Sam 7:3; Jer 5:19; 2Chr 33:5 נֵכַרהָֿאָרֶץ ׳א Deut 31:16 = foreign gods of the land; singular אֵל נֵכָר Deut 32:12; Mal 2:11; Ps 81:10 ׳אֱלוֺהַּ נ Dan 11:39.

2. בֶּןֿ(הַ)נֵּכָר = foreigner Gen 17:12 (|| לֹא מִזַּרְעֲךָ), vGen 17:27; Exod 12:43 (all P), Lev 22:25 (H), Ezek 44:9 (twice in verse); Neh 9:2; Isa 56:3 ׳בְּנֵי (ה)נ 2Sam 22:45; 2Sam 22:46 = Ps 18:45; Ps 18:46; Ezek 44:7; Isa 56:6; Isa 60:10; Isa 61:5; Isa 62:8; Ps 144:7; Ps 144:11.

3. other combinations: ׳הַבְלֵי נ Jer 8:19 foreign vanities (idolatries); ׳מִזְבְּחוֺת הַנּ 2Chr 14:2 foreign altars; ׳אַדְמַת נ Ps 137:4 foreign soil; ׳מִכָּלנֿ Neh 13:30 from everything foreign.

strange, strangers, stranger, alien

nēkār

foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom

foreign, alien, foreignness, that which is foreign

foreignness, foreign gods

יִבֹּ֑לוּ

Root word away, fade, fadeth, fading, wither, …

Dictionary form: נָבֵל · naw-BALE

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: shall fade away

fadeth ×3 and fadeth away ×2 shall fade away ×2 a fading ×1 and as a falling ×1 and wither ×1 cometh to nought ×1 disgrace ×1

More options

wither — Best for vegetation or organic decay imagery.

fade — Ideal for gradual loss of strength or glory.

waste away — Emphasizes slow, progressive decline of vitality.

decay — Suits physical or moral deterioration contexts.

act foolishly — Use when the sense is moral failure or disgrace.

disgrace — Best when the focus is on social or moral dishonor.

BDB4950 H5034

II. נָבַל verb be senseless, foolish (Late Hebrew נְבָלָה, נַבְלוּת of immodesty; Arabic = (per contra) be noble, distinguished, also be gracious (Frey); Aramaic נְבַל Pa`el reject, despise, see ᵑ7 Neh 3:6; Jer 14:21 in derivatives as Late Hebrew); —

Qal = be foolish Prov 30:32 is doubted by Frankenb Toy (where see various renderings), and others, who think text corrupt. Perfect 2 masculine singular נָבַלְתָּ Prov 30:32 if thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself (opposed to זַמּוֺתָ). Pi`el Perfect 1 singular suffix consecutive וְנִבַּלְתִּיךְ Nah 3:6 Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיְנַבֵּל Deut 32:15 2 masculine singular תְּנַבֵּל Jer 14:21 Participle מִנַבֵּל Mic 7:6 — regard or treat as a נָבָל (q. v.), i.e. with contumely, with accusative: בֵּן מְנַבֵּל אָב Mic 7:6 son treateth father as a fool (with contumely); ׳וַיְנ צוּר Deut 32:15 and he treated with contumely the Rock of his salvation (i.e. ׳י; || נטשִׁ); ׳י subject, Nah 3:6 I will treat thee (Nineveh) with contumely (|| וְהִשְׂלַכְתִּ֫י צָלַיִךְ שִׁקֻּצִים); Jer 14:21 do not treat with contumely the throne of thy glory (|| נאץ).

BDB4955 H5034

נָבֵל verb sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian nabâlu, destroy, Dl^{HWB 443 f.} Arabic v, VIII. die; Aramaic נְבֵילָא corpse); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ Isa 40:7; Isa 40:8; Jer 8:13 3 feminine singular נָָֽבְלָה Isa 24:4 (twice in verse); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִבּוֺל Ps 1:3 + 4 t. (on form compare Ges^{«GKC:43»§ 43}, 3, R, 1, h Ol^{§ 246 e}) 2 masculine singular תִּבֹּל Exod 18:18 3 masculine plural יִבֹּלוּ 2Sam 22:46 = Ps 18:46, יִבּוֺל֑וּן Ps 37:2 1 plural וַנָּ֫בֶל Isa 64:5 (on form compare Di and Ol^{§ 236 e}); Infinitive absolute נָבֹל Exod 18:18 construct נְבֹל Isa 34:4 Participle נֹבֵל Isa 28:1; Isa 28:4 feminine נֹבֶ֫לָת absolute Isa 34:4 construct Isa 1:30 —

1. sink or drop down, from exhaustion נָבֹל תִּכֹּל Exod 18:18 (Moses and Israel); from discouragement 2Sam 22:46 = Ps 18:46 (of foreigners, foes of Israel); of mountain הַרנֹֿפֵל יִבּוֺל Job 14:18 (but נָפוֺל יִפּוֺל Lag^{Proph. Chald.} Siegf Baer, after ᵐ5, so Bu [or יִבְלֶה]; Du נָבוֺל יִכּוֺל).

2. usually fall like a leaf, or flower wither and fall, fade: כְּאֵלָה נֹבֶ֫לֶת עֶָלהָ Isa 1:30 like an oak falling as to it leaves (simile of people of Jerusalem); the host of heaven יִבּוֺל כִּנְבֹל עָלֶה מגֶּפֶן וּכְנֹבֶלֶת מִתְּאֵנָה Isa 34:4 עָלֵהוּ ׳לֹא יִבּ Ezek 47:12 (trees in Ezekiel's vision), so figurative of good man Ps 1:3 of Israel Jer 8:13, וַנָּ֫בֶל כֶּעָלֶה Isa 64:5 also נָבֵל צִיץ Isa 40:7; Isa 40:8 (both || יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר), צִיץ נֹבֵל Isa 28:1 compare vIsa 28:4 of wicked ׳כְּיֶרֶק דֶּשֶׁא יִבּ Ps 37:2: (|| כֶּחָצִיר יִמָּ֑לוּ); of devastated earth אָֽבְלָה נָָֽבְלָה הָאָרֶַץ אֻמְלְלָה נָָֽבְלָה תֵּבֵ֑ל Isa 24:4.

away, fade, fadeth, fading, wither, …

nābēl

to wilt; figuratively, to be foolish or (morally) wicked; causatively, to despise, disgrace

to be senseless, be foolish

(Qal) to be foolish

to regard or treat as foolish

(Qal)

to sink or drop down

וְ ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

֝יַחְרְג֗וּ

Root word afraid

Dictionary form: חָרַג · haw-RAHɡ

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and be afraid

and be afraid ×1

More options

tremble — Most broadly useful; physical shaking from fear or dread.

shudder — Sudden, visceral reaction; vivid and contemporary.

be terrified — Emphasizes intensity of fear; strong emotional register.

recoil in fear — Captures involuntary withdrawal; good for poetic contexts.

be alarmed — Milder register; suits less extreme contexts.

BDB3098 H2727

[חָרַג] verb quake (compare (si vera lectio) Arabic be straitened, unable to move for fear and rage (Lane), also put oneself in a rage (Dozy); ᵑ7 חַרְגַת מוֺתָא Deut 32:25 terror of death) — only Qal Imperfect 3 masculine plural וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמִּסְגְּרוֺתֵיהֶם Ps 18:46 pregnantly and come quaking out of their fortresses (compare יִרְגְּזוּ in like connection Mic 7:17); read the same also in || 2Sam 22:46 (for ᵑ0 וְיַחְגְרוּ, see חגר; possible would be also ויחרדו in both, as Hos 11:10; Hos 11:11 etc.)

afraid

ḥārag

properly, to leap suddenly, i.e., (by implication) to be dismayed

(Qal) to shake from fear, tremble, quake

מִֽ מִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵי הֶֽם

מִֽ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

מִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵי

Root word borders, border, places, holes

הֶֽם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: מִסְגֶּרֶת · mis-ɡeh-RET

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: out of their close places

the borders ×4 out of their close places ×2 the border ×2 and the borders ×1 for the border ×1 manner they had borders ×1 out of their holes ×1 thereof and the borders ×1

More options

frame — Best for structural/architectural contexts like the tabernacle panels.

border — Modernizes KJV; good for decorative or boundary edges.

rim — Precise for a raised encircling edge; suits furniture or cart rails.

panel — Useful when the structure is a flat enclosed section.

enclosure — Emphasizes containment; suits 'close places' or hidden dens.

socket — For hollow/hole senses where something fits or hides inside.

BDB5502 H4526

מִסְגֶּ֫רֶת

noun feminine 1. border, rim.

2. fastness; — absolute ׳מ Exod 25:27; Exod 37:14 construct ׳מ Exod 25:25; Exod 37:12 suffix מִסְגַּרְתּוֺ Exod 25:25; Exod 37:12 plural absolute מִסְגְּרוֺת 1Kgs 7:28 +; suffix מִסְגְּרֹתֶיהָ v1Kgs 7:35 v1Kgs 7:36, etc.; —

1. border, rim (enclosure), of sacred table in tabernacle Exod 25:25 (twice in verse); Exod 25:27 = Exod 37:12 (twice in verse); Exod 37:14 of bases of the sea, in temple 1Kgs 7:28 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 7:29; 1Kgs 7:31; 1Kgs 7:32; 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36 (compare Benz), also 2Kgs 16:17.

2. fastness, ׳וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמּ Ps 18:46 = 2Sam 22:46 (see חרג) and they shall come quaking out of their fastnesses, so Mic 7:17 (יִרְגְּזוּ, like reptiles), all of nations, in awe of ׳י.

II. סגר (√ of following; compare apparently Arabic fill with water Lane¹³⁰⁸, torrent that fills everything Id^ib.; Syriac imber vehemens, and Samaritan אַסְגָּר, compare Gei^{Nachgel. Schr. iv. 186}).

borders, border, places, holes

misgeret

something enclosing, i.e., a margin (of a region, of a panel); concretely, a stronghold

border, fastness, rim

border, rim

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.

בְּנֵי נֵכָ֥ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ Revia Mugrash — a lesser break מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם Silluq — end of the verse

בְּנֵי-נֵכָר יִבֹּלוּ וְיַחְרְגוּ מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃

The strangers shall fade away, and be afraid out of their close places.

Cross References

Micah 7:17

יְלַחֲכוּ עָפָר כַּנָּחָשׁ כְּזֹחֲלֵי אֶרֶץ יִרְגְּזוּ מִמִּסְגְּרֹֽתֵיהֶם אֶל-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ יִפְחָדוּ וְיִֽרְאוּ מִמֶּֽךָּ׃

They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of their holes like worms of the earth: they shall be afraid of the LORD our God, and shall fear because of thee.

James 1:11

ἀνέτειλεν γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος σὺν τῷ καύσωνι καὶ ἐξήρανεν τὸν χόρτον καὶ τὸ ἄνθος αὐτοῦ ἐξέπεσεν καὶ ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο· οὕτως καὶ ὁ πλούσιος ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ μαρανθήσεται

For the sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grass, and the flower thereof falleth, and the grace of the fashion of it perisheth: so also shall the away rich man fade in his ways.

Isaiah 24:4

אָבְלָה נָֽבְלָה הָאָרֶץ אֻמְלְלָה נָבְלָה תֵּבֵל אֻמְלָלוּ מְרוֹם עַם-הָאָֽרֶץ׃

The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish.

Revelation 6:16

καὶ λέγουσιν τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ ταῖς πέτραις Πέσετε ἐφ' ἡμᾶς καὶ κρύψατε ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ ἀρνίου

And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb:

Psalms 18:44

Read Psalms 18

Psalms 18:46

Psalms 18:45

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1121

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5236

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5034

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqi3mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2727

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncfpc/Sp3mp

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4526

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV