Psalms 48:11

Hebrew Bible (Masoretic) numbering: 48:12

יִשְׂמַ֤ח הַר צִיּ֗וֹן תָּ֭גֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְ֝מַ֗עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ

Let mount Zion rejoice, let the daughters of Judah be glad, because of thy judgments.

Connections

Psalms 97:8

שָׁמְעָה וַתִּשְׂמַח׀ צִיּוֹן וַתָּגֵלְנָה בְּנוֹת יְהוּדָה לְמַעַן מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ יְהוָֽה׃

Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O LORD.

Revelation 18:20

Εὐφραίνου ἐπ' αὐτήν οὐρανέ καὶ οἱ ἅγιοι ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ προφῆται ὅτι ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς

Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.

Revelation 15:4

τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ σε κύριε καὶ δοξάσῃ τὸ ὄνομά σου ὅτι μόνος ὅσιος ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἥξουσιν καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιόν σου ὅτι τὰ δικαιώματά σου ἐφανερώθησαν

Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest.

Revelation 16:5

καὶ ἤκουσα τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων λέγοντος Δίκαιος Κύριε εἶ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὅσιος ὅτι ταῦτα ἔκρινας

And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged thus.

Revelation 19:1

καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἤκουσα φωνὴν ὄχλου πολλοῦ μεγάλην ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ λεγόντος Ἁλληλουϊά· ἡ σωτηρία καὶ ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ τιμὴ καὶ ἡ δύναμις Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν

And after these things I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our God:

Zechariah 9:9

גִּילִי מְאֹד בַּת-צִיּוֹן הָרִיעִי בַּת יְרוּשָׁלִַם הִנֵּה מַלְכֵּךְ יָבוֹא לָךְ צַדִּיק וְנוֹשָׁע הוּא עָנִי וְרֹכֵב עַל-חֲמוֹר וְעַל-עַיִר בֶּן-אֲתֹנֽוֹת׃

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.

Luke 23:28

στραφεὶς δὲ πρὸς αὐτὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Θυγατέρες Ἰερουσαλήμ μὴ κλαίετε ἐπ' ἐμέ· πλὴν ἐφ' ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν

But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

Psalms 58:10

יִשְׂמַח צַדִּיק כִּי-חָזָה נָקָם פְּעָמָיו יִרְחַץ בְּדַם הָרָשָֽׁע׃

The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance: he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked.

Song of Solomon 1:5

שְׁחוֹרָה אֲנִי וְֽנָאוָה בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם כְּאָהֳלֵי קֵדָר כִּירִיעוֹת שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃

I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.

Psalms 137:8

בַּת-בָּבֶל הַשְּׁדוּדָה אַשְׁרֵי שֶׁיְשַׁלֶּם-לָךְ אֶת-גְּמוּלֵךְ שֶׁגָּמַלְתְּ לָֽנוּ׃

O daughter of Babylon, who art to be destroyed; happy shall he be, that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us.

Judges 5:31

כֵּן יֹֽאבְדוּ כָל-אֽוֹיְבֶיךָ יְהוָה וְאֹהֲבָיו כְּצֵאת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָתוֹ וַתִּשְׁקֹט הָאָרֶץ אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָֽה׃

So let all thine enemies perish, O LORD: but let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years.

Song of Solomon 3:5

הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּאַיְלוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה אִם-תָּעִירוּ׀ וְֽאִם-תְּעֽוֹרְרוּ אֶת-הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃

I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please.

Isaiah 37:22

זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר-דִּבֶּר יְהוָה עָלָיו בָּזָה לְךָ לָעֲגָה לְךָ בְּתוּלַת בַּת-צִיּוֹן אַחֲרֶיךָ רֹאשׁ הֵנִיעָה בַּת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

This is the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

Song of Solomon 5:16

חִכּוֹ מַֽמְתַקִּים וְכֻלּוֹ מַחֲּמַדִּים זֶה דוֹדִי וְזֶה רֵעִי בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

His mouth is most sweet: yea, he is altogether lovely. This is my beloved, and this is my friend, O daughters of Jerusalem.

Song of Solomon 2:7

I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please.

2 Chronicles 20:26

וּבַיּוֹם הָֽרְבִעִי נִקְהֲלוּ לְעֵמֶק בְּרָכָה כִּי-שָׁם בֵּרֲכוּ אֶת-יְהוָה עַל-כֵּן קָֽרְאוּ אֶת-שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא עֵמֶק בְּרָכָה עַד-הַיּֽוֹם׃

And on the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of Berachah; for there they blessed the LORD: therefore the name of the same place was called, The valley of Berachah, unto this day.

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Psalms 48:11

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Cantillation

Masoretic Phrasing

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.

יִשְׂמַ֤ח הַר צִיּ֗וֹן Revia Gadol — a lesser break תָּ֭גֵלְנָה Dechi — a lesser break בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here לְ֝מַ֗עַן Revia Mugrash — a lesser break מִשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ Silluq — end of the verse

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Word Parts

יִשְׂמַ֤ח

Root word rejoice, glad, rejoiced, joy, rejoiceth, …

Dictionary form: שָׂמַח · saw-MA

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

יִשְׂמַח

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: rejoice

rejoice ×21 and rejoice ×11 rejoiced ×10 shall rejoice ×7 be glad ×6 and be glad ×5 and thou shalt rejoice ×4 rejoiceth ×4

More options

rejoice — Modernized core rendering; fits most liturgical and narrative contexts.

be glad — Slightly warmer tone; suits relational or emotional contexts.

celebrate — Active, communal nuance; good for festival or worship settings.

delight — Inward, contemplative joy; fits wisdom or poetic passages.

exult — Intense, expressive joy; best for triumphant or climactic moments.

be joyful — Adjectival feel; suits commands or states of being.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8257 H8055

שָׂמַח, שָׂמֵ֑ח₁₅₄ verb rejoice, be glad (Late Hebrew id.; compare perhaps Assyrian šamâ—u, flourish, Arabic be high, proud; Punic proper name, feminine שמחת); —

Qal₁₂₆ Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׂמַח Ps 16:9 וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consecutive Prov 29:6 3 feminine singular שָׂמֵ֑חָה Esth 8:15 2 masculine singular וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Deut 12:18 +; 3 masculine plural שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Neh 12:43, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׂמַח Isa 9:16 +, 3 masculine plural יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ Isa 65:13; Ps 69:33, 3 feminine plural תִּשְׂמַחְנָה 2Sam 1:20, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׂמַח Deut 33:18 +, feminine singular שִׂמְחִי Zeph 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Joel 2:21, etc.; Infinitive construct שְׂמֹחַ Ezek 35:14 +, etc.; Participle see שָׂמֵחַ adjective; — 24 t. || גיל, less often || רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.; —

1. in common life:
a. rejoice, with ב person or of thing take pleasure in Judg 9:19 (twice in verse); Deut 33:18; Eccl 3:22 + 7 t. + (probably) בְּכָליָֿמֵינוּ Ps 90:14 (others ב temporal), compare Eccl 11:8 עַל person Isa 39:2 + || 2Kgs 20:13 (וישׂמח for ᵑ0 וישׁמע Vrss modern), עַל of thing Jonah 4:6; 2Chr 15:15 with temporal clause Jer 41:13 + 6 t. + (of heart) Prov 23:15, in one's heart Exod 4:14 (J); with כִּי because Isa 14:29 + 3 t.; with אֵת with Isa 66:10 with מִן person get pleasure from Prov 5:18 absolute 1Sam 11:9; Eccl 3:12; Prov 13:9 (figurative of prosperity; subject אוֺר; opposed to דָּעַךְ), + 8 t.; with ל of thing at Job 21:12.
b. rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל person, Mic 7:8; Isa 14:8; Obad 1:12; Ps 35:19; Ps 35:24; Ps 38:17, with אֶלֿ of thing Ezek 25:6, ב of thing Job 31:29; Ps 35:15; Prov 24:17 absolute Hos 9:1 (+ אֶלגִּֿיל), 2Sam 1:20 + 3 t., + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Job 22:19.

2. a. rejoice religiously, with ב of thing 1Sam 2:1; Deut 12:7; Ps 21:2 + 7 t.; with ׳בי, etc., Joel 2:23; Ps 32:11 + 10 t. Psalms + Ps 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); with עַל of thing 2Chr 29:36, עַל infinitive 1Chr 29:9 a; with לְמַעַן of thing Ps 48:12 with כִּי because Ps 119:74 absolute Zech 2:14; Zech 4:10; Joel 2:21; 1Chr 29:9b (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb), 1Chr 16:31 (of heavens) = Ps 96:11; Ps 97:1 (isles) + 18 t. (12 t. Psalms), + (of heart) Zech 10:7 a Ps 16:9; 1Chr 16:10, בְּכָללֵֿב Zeph 3:14 (compare Exod 4:14 1 a above); with ׳לִפְנֵי י Isa 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Lev 23:40 (H), Deut 12:12; Deut 12:18; Deut 16:11; Deut 27:7, compare Deut 14:26; 1Sam 11:15.
b. subject ׳י, with עַל person Isa 9:16 (|| רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxiv. 63} be gentle, Arabic ), ב of thing Ps 104:31. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular וְשִׂמַּח consecutive Deut 24:5, suffix שִׁמְּחָהוּ Jer 20:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְשַׂמַּח Ps 104:15 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שַׂמֵּחַ Ps 86:4, שַׂמַּח Prov 27:11, etc.; Infinitive absolute שַׂמֵּחַ Jer 20:15 Participle מְשַׂמֵּחַ Judg 9:13, plural construct מְשַׂמְּחֵי Ps 19:9 — cause to rejoice, gladden, with accusative of person (or equivalent ), subject person Deut 24:5; Jer 20:15 (+ Infinitive absolute), Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20; Prov 27:11; Prov 29:3 (Hos 7:3 see משׁח 2); especially subject ׳י (God) Jer 31:13 (with מִן separ.) Isa 56:7; 2Chr 20:27 (with מִן of source, see Qal 1 a), Ezra 6:22; Neh 12:43 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Ps 86:4; Ps 90:15; Ps 92:5 (ב instrumental), also, with ל person cause to exult at Ps 30:2, id. with עַל person Lam 2:17 subject of thing Judg 9:13; Ps 19:9; Ps 45:9; Ps 46:5; Ps 104:15; Eccl 10:19; Prov 12:25; Prov 15:30; Prov 27:9. Hiph`il = Pi`el Perfect 2 masculine singular הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Ps 89:43 (subject ׳י).

Strong's Definition H8055

rejoice, glad, rejoiced, joy, rejoiceth, …

śāmaḥ

probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome

to rejoice, be glad

(Qal)

to rejoice

Variations 73 forms of this word

Translations 74 English renderings

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Word Parts

הַר

Root word mount, mountains, mountain, hill, hills, …

Dictionary form: הַר · hahr

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

הַר	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: let mount

the mountains ×63 mount ×45 mountain ×38 in mount ×37 of the mountains ×27 the mount ×26 in the mount ×18 the mountain ×15

More options

mountain — Most common, neutral rendering for a single peak.

mountains — Use for plural or collective/range references.

hill country — Fits lower, inhabited highlands; regional sense.

highlands — Broader geographical region; good for narrative context.

hill — When the peak is modest or context implies smaller elevation.

range — When referring to an extended chain of peaks.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2139 H2022

[הוֺר], assumed by Thes and others as ancient form for הַר mountain, to explain הוֺרַי Gen 49:26, read הוֺרֵיעָֿד; but better הַרֲרֵיעַֿד everlasting mountains, see הַר below הרר.

BDB2240 H2022 H2042

הַר₅₅₈ noun masculine^{Gen 7:19} mountain, hill, hill-country (Late Hebrew id., plural הָרִים, הֲרָרִים; Phoenician הר CIS^{i. 3, 17}; Sabean suffix הרתהמו DHM^{ZMG 1876, 673}); — ׳ה absolute Josh 17:18 +; with article הָהָר Exod 3:12 +; with ָ ה locative הֶ֫רָה Gen 14:10, הָהָ֫רָה Gen 12:8 + 12 t.; construct הַר Gen 10:30 +; suffix הַרֲרִי Ps 30:8, הֲרָרִי Jer 17:3 הַרְכֶם Ps 11:1 הַרֲרָם Gen 14:6 plural הָרִים Deut 11:11 +; with article הֶהָרִים Gen 7:19 +; construct הָרֵי Gen 8:4 + 27 t.; הַרֲרֵי Deut 33:15 + 8 t. (all poetry); suffix הָרַי Isa 14:25; Isa 49:11; Zech 14:5 + Ezek 38:21 (B Co חרדה), הָרָ֑י Isa 65:9 הָרָיו Ezek 35:8; Mal 1:3 הֲרָרֶיהָ Deut 8:9 —

1. mountain, hill (these often not sharply distinguished, but):
a. specifically mountain, high elevation, often in all the literature; — e. g. הַר סִינַי Mount Sinai (properly, the Mount of Sinai; so always) Exod 19:11; Exod 19:18; Exod 19:20; Exod 19:23; Exod 24:16; Exod 31:18; Exod 34:2; Exod 34:4; Exod 34:29; Exod 34:32; Lev 7:38; Lev 25:1; Lev 26:46; Lev 27:34; Num 3:1; Num 28:6; Neh 9:13 (see סִינַי); also הָהָר = id., Exod 19:2 + 10 t. Exod 19 (Exod 19:18 read הָעָם, so Manuscripts ᵐ5 Di) Exod 20:18; Exod 24:4 + 6 t. Exod 24; Exod 25:40; Exod 26:30; Exod 27:8; Exod 32:1; Exod 32:15; Exod 32:19; Exod 34:2; Exod 34:3 (twice in verse); Exod 34:29 = הֵר חוֺרֵב Exod 33:6 (see חֹרֵב), also אֶלהַֿר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Exod 3:1, עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב 1Kgs 19:8 further הָהָר = id., Deut 4:11 (twice in verse); Deut 5:4; Deut 5:5; Deut 5:19; Deut 5:20; Deut 9:9 + 10 t. Deut 9. 10, 1Kgs 19:11 = הַר הָאֱלֹהִים Exod 4:27; Exod 18:5; Exod 24:13 (all J E) = הַר יחוה Num 10:33 (compare Di); see further הֹר הָהָר Hor the mount (so always) Num 20:22 + 10 t. Numbers; Deut 32:50 = חָחָר Num 20:28 (twice in verse); הַר נְבוֺ Deut 32:49; Deut 34:1 = הָהָר Deut 32:50 = הַר הָעֲבָרִים הַזֶּה Num 27:12; Deut 32:49, compare (לִפְנֵי נְבוֺ) הָרֵי הָעֲבָרִים Num 33:47; Num 33:48 הַר גְּרִזִּים Mt. Gerizim Deut 11:29; Deut 27:12; Josh 8:33 ראֹשׁ הַרגְּֿרִזִּים Judg 9:7 הַר עֵֹיבָ֑ל Mt. Ebal Deut 11:29; Deut 27:4; Deut 24:13; Josh 8:30; Josh 8:33 also הַר חֶרְמוֺן Mt. Hermon Deut 3:8; Josh 11:17; Josh 12:1; Josh 12:5; Josh 13:5; Josh 13:11; 1Chr 5:23 compare Deut 4:48 הַר שִׂיאֹן הוּא חֶרְמוֺן (see חֶרְמוֺן), & הַר בַּעַל חֶרְמוֺן (see id., & בעל חרמון below בעל); הַר חַלְּבָנוֺן Mt. Lebanon Judg 3:3, compare מְרוֺם הָרִים יַרְכְּתֵי לְבָנוֺן 2Kgs 19:23 = Isa 37:24 (see לבנון); הַר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל Mt. Carmel 1Kgs 18:19; 1Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 2:25; 2Kgs 4:25 (see כרמל); הָהָר = id., 2Kgs 4:27, apparently also 2Kgs 1:9 הַר תָּבוֺר Mt. Tabor, Judg 4:6; Judg 4:12; Judg 4:14, compare Jer 46:18 תָּבוֺר בֶּהָרִים (opposed to כַּרְמֶל בַּיָּם); הַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ 1Sam 31:1; 1Sam 31:8; 2Sam 1:6, also (poetry) ׳הָרֵי בַּגּ v2Sam 1:21 (compare Dr); הַרחֶֿרֶס Judg 1:35 (Stu עָר חֶרֶס) compare חֶרֶס; הַר הַזֵּיתִים Zech 14:4 (twice in verse) Mount of Olives, (opposed to גֵּיא) compare הָהָר אֲשֶׁר מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Ezek 11:23 also בָּהָר אֲשֶׁר עַלפְּֿנֵי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ 1Kgs 11:7 (place of Solomon's idolatry) = הַרהַֿמַּשְׁחִית 2Kgs 23:13 mountain of the destroyer (same combination in another, figurative sense Jer 51:25), others derive ׳הַמ here from משׁח anoint, and render as = Mt. of Olives (cited as הר המשׁחה Talmud, Shabb. 56 b), compare Hoffm^{ZAW 1882, 175}; אַחַד הֶהָרִים in land of Moriah Gen 22:2 mountains about Jerusalem in general, יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הָרִים סָבִיב לָהּ Ps 125:2 compare also Ps 121:1 (|| יהוה); הָהָר of citadel of Jerusalem Isa 22:5 of temple hill הַר הַבַּיִת Mic 3:12 = Jer 26:18 ׳הַר בֵּיתיֿ Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1; 2Chr 33:15 also הֲרָרִי בַּשָּׂדֶה Jer 17:3 further הַר צִיּוֺן Mt. Zion Isa 4:5; Isa 8:18; Isa 10:12; Isa 18:7; Isa 24:23; Isa 29:8; Isa 31:4; Isa 37:32; Mic 4:7; Lam 5:18; Obad 1:17. Joel 3:5; Ps 48:3; Ps 48:12; Ps 74:2; Ps 78:68; Ps 125:1 (see also צִיּוֺן); compare הַר בַּ֯יתצִֿיּוֺן Isa 10:32, ׳הַר בַּת צ Isa 16:1 ׳הַריֿ Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2; Isa 30:29; Ps 24:3 (id. of Horeb Num 10:33 J E); צְבָאוֺת ׳הַריֿ הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ Zech 8:3, הַרקָֿדְשִׁי Zeph 3:11; Obad 1:16; Ezek 20:40; Isa 11:9 = Isa 65:25, compare Isa 56:7; Isa 57:13; Isa 65:11; Joel 2:1 (|| צִיּוֺן) Joel 4:17 (|| id.) Ps 2:6 (|| id.) Ps 3:5; Ps 15:1; Ps 43:3; Ps 48:2 see further הַרקָֿדְשִׁי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Isa 66:20 compare Dan 9:16 & הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Isa 27:13 also הַר צְבִיקֹֿדֶשׁ Dan 11:45 הַרהַֿקֹּדֶשׁ Jer 31:23 even הַר קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהַי Dan 9:20 other designations of temple-hill are הָהָר חָמַד לְשִׁבְתּוֺ ׳א Ps 68:17, & הַר מְרוֺם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezek 17:23; Ezek 20:40 (|| הַרקָֿדְשִׁי); הַר קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהִים Ezek 28:14 of the distant abode of God (or gods?) so הַר אֱלֹהִים vEzek 28:16 (הַראֱֿלֹהִים Ps 68:16 is general, a God's mountain, i.e. a majestic mountain, likewise in simile כְּהַרֲרֵיאֵֿל מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Ps 36:7); — הַר הָאֱלֹהִים elsewhere of Horeb (Sinai) Exod 4:27; Exod 18:5; Exod 24:13; 1Kgs 19:8 (see above). Note particular הַרמֿוֺעֵד Isa 14:13 mountain of meeting or of assembly, i.e. the dwelling-place of the gods, according to Babylonian conception, here represented as in the far north, see especially Che De Di, Dl^{Pa 117 ff.} COT^{on the passage} Jr^{57 ff.} Jen^{Kosmologie 23.} Upon the mountain is עָלהָֿהָר compare וַתֵּבְךְּ עַלבְּֿתוּלָיהָ עַלהֶֿהָרִים Judg 11:38, & the peculiar phrase וְאֵלְכָה וְיָרַדְתִּי עַלֿ הֶהָרִים vJudg 11:37 go up upon עָלָה אָלֿ Exod 19:23; Exod 24:13; Exod 34:4 (all J E); compare accusative in הַעַל אֹתָם הֹר הָהָר Num 20:25 speak with one upon is דבר בהר Exod 31:18; Exod 34:32; Num 3:1 (all P), Lev 25:1 (H), compare command, give commands, law, etc., בהר Lev 7:38; Lev 26:46; Lev 27:34 (all P or H); other phrases with בְּ upon (literally in, i.e. in the midst of a group of mountains) Exod 34:3 בְּכָל (JE) Exod 25:40; Exod 26:30; Exod 27:8; Num 28:6 (all P), Isa 13:4 but בְּחֹרֵב Ps 106:19 = at Horeb, בְּהֹר הָהָר Num 33:37 at Mt. Hor; go down from the mountain is יָרַד מִןהָֿהָר Exod 32:1; Exod 32:15 (both J E) Exod 34:29 (twice in verse) (both P), compare Judg 9:36 etc.
b. mountain-range הַרבָּֿשָׁן Ps 68:16 (twice in verse) = הַראֱֿלֹהִים vPs 68:16 = הַרגַּֿבְנֻנִּים vPs 68:16, הָרִים גַּבְנֻנִּים vPs 68:17 (of the Jebel Hauran: see בשׁן).
c. mountain, indefinite, Job 14:18 (|| צוּר); usually plural mountains, in general, or the mountains, especially in poetry & the higher style; often figurative; הָרִים, הֶהָרִים, covered by flood Gen 7:20 compare vGen 7:19; Gen 8:5 covered by waters & freed therefrom by word of God (at creation) Ps 104:6 a chief work of God (in creation) Amos 4:13; Ps 65:7; Ps 90:2; Prov 8:25 (|| גְּבָעוֺת); weighed by God Isa 40:12 removed and overturned in anger of God Job 9:5 compare Ps 46:3; Ps 46:4 devastated by God Isa 42:15 (|| גְּבָעוֺת) compare Jer 9:9 smoking at God's touch Ps 104:32; Ps 144:5 melting at presence of ׳י Judg 5:5; Mic 1:4; Ps 97:5; Isa 63:19; Isa 64:2 trembling Isa 5:25 compare Jer 4:24 (|| גְּבָעוֺת), Nah 1:5 (|| id.), Hab 3:10 called to witness Yahweh's dealings with his people Mic 6:2 (|| הָאֵתָנִים מֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ) compare vMic 6:1 (|| הַגְּבָעוֺת), entreated to cover the guilty Hos 10:8 (|| גְּבָעוֺת); addressed by ׳י also Ezek 6:3 (|| גְּבָעוֺת, opposed to אֲפִיקִים, גֵּאָוֺת); specifically, mountains of Israel summoned to hear ׳י and addressed by him Ezek 36:1 (twice in verse); Ezek 36:4; Ezek 36:8; Ezek 37:22; Ezek 38:8; Ezek 39:2; Ezek 39:4 summoned to praise ׳י Ps 148:9 (|| גְּבָעוֺת) compare Isa 44:23; Isa 49:13; Isa 55:12 (|| גְּבָעוֺת); leaping in praise of ׳י Ps 114:4; Ps 114:6 (both || גְּבָעוֺת); הַרֲרֵיקֶֿדֶם Deut 33:15 (|| גִּבְעוֺת עוֺלָם); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד Hab 3:6 (|| id.); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד also Ps 76:5 (according to ᵐ5 Bi Che; ᵑ0 has טֶרֶף for עַד), and probably Gen 49:26 for ᵑ0 הוֺרַי עַד (|| גִּבְעֹת עוֺלָם) compare Di.
d. high mountain הַר גָּבֹהַּ Isa 30:25 (|| גִּבְעָה נִשָּׂאָה) compare Isa 40:9; Isa 52:7 הַר גָּכֹהַּ מְאֹד Ezek 40:2 הַר גָּבֹהַּ וְתָלוּל Ezek 17:22 plural הֶהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים Gen 7:19; Ps 104:18 (|| סְלָעִים), הָרָמִים ׳הֶה Isa 2:14 as symbol of strength and pride (|| הַגְּבָעוֺת הַנִּשָּׂאוֺת), compare הֶהָרִים Ezek 38:20 (|| מַדְרֵגוֺת, חוֺמָה).
e. opposite valley or plain Josh 12:8 (D; opposed to מִדְּבָּר, אֲשֵׁדוֺת, עֲרָבָה, שְׁפֵלָה), compare Deut 1:7, also Jer 17:26 (opposed to שְׁפֵלָה); Gen 19:17 (J; opposed to כִּכָּר); often opposed to גַּיְא 2Kgs 2:16; Ezek 31:12 (figurative) Ezek 32:5 (id.) Ezek 35:8 (|| גִּבְעָה), Ezek 36:4 (|| id.), Isa 40:4 (|| id.), opposed to בִּקְעָה Deut 8:7; Deut 11:11; Ps 104:8 opposed to מִדְבָּר Lam 4:19 (compare Josh 12:8 above); בֵּין הָרִים Ps 104:10 is || בַּנְּחָלִים; see also וְלֹאאֱֿלֹהֵי עֲמָקִים ׳אֱלֹהֵי הָרִים י 1Kgs 20:28, compare v1Kgs 20:23 (opposed to מִישׁוֺר); note also הַר הָעֵמֶק Josh 13:19 (P), & גֵּיאהָֿרַי, גֵּיהָֿרִים Zech 14:5 (twice in verse); further מִדְבַּר הָרִים Ps 75:7 mountainous desert Vrss. & most modern (Baer מִדְבָּר but compare De); mountain-ward is הֶ֫רָה Gen 14:10. feminine mountains as hiding-places: — הַמִּנְהָרוֺת אֲוֶר בֶּהָרִים Judg 6:2 the burrows (Stanley, VB) which are in the mountains; compare Ps 11:1; Jer 16:16 (|| גִּבְעָה); הָפַךְ מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ הָרִים Job 28:9 (of mining), see also Deut 8:9.
g. mountains as running-place of gazelles 1Chr 12:8 of leopards הַרֲרֵי נְמֵרִים Song 4:8 hunting-ground for partridges 1Sam 26:20 עוֺף הָרִים Ps 50:11 compare Ps 11:1 (figurative); wandering-place of lost sheep (figurative) Nah 3:18; 1Kgs 22:17; Jer 50:6 compare vJer 50:6 (|| גִּבְעָה), Ezek 34:6 (|| כָּלגִּֿבְעָה רָמָה) 2Chr 18:16.
h. grazing-places for cattle בְּהֵמוֺת בְּהַרֲרֵיאָֿ֑לֶףPs 50:10 (read אֵל for אלף Ol Bi Che), compare יְתוּר הָרִים Job 39:8 of pasture of wild ass; also (si vera lectio) בּוּל הָרִים Job 40:20, i.e. mountains as furnishing food for hippopotamus; see further Song 4:6; Song 8:14; Prov 27:25.
i. as place of field and vineyards 2Chr 26:10 (opposed to שְׁפֵלָה, מִישׁוֺר) Isa 7:25 see also הַמַּצְמִיחַ הָרִים חָצִיר Ps 147:8 compare Hag 1:11 figurative Ps 72:3 (|| גְּבָעוֺת); in promise יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס וְהַגְּבָעוֺת תֵּלַכְנָה חָלָב Joel 4:18 compare Amos 9:13
j. as kindled into flame (i.e. their forests; in simile) Ps 83:15.
k. as scene of massacre, (figurative) Isa 34:3 melting with blood; as place of battle array, height 1Sam 17:3 (twice in verse).

1. as places of illicit worship Isa 65:7 (|| גְּבָעוֺת) compare Jer 3:6 & apparently vJer 3:25 (|| id.) so הַרגָּֿבֹהַּ וְנִשָּׂא Isa 57:7, הֶהָרִים הָרָמִים Deut 12:2 (|| הַגְּבָעוֺת); but Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:15 read perhaps הַדָּם for הרים compare RS^{K 310} & Ezek 33:25. masculine in various combinations צַד הָהָר 1Sam 23:26 (twice in verse); 2Sam 13:34 side of the mountain, צֵלַע הָהָר 2Sam 16:13 id.; מֹץ הָרִים Isa 17:13 chaff of mountains; זֶרֶם הָרִים Job 24:8 mountain-shower; צֵל הֶהָרִים Judg 9:36 shadow of the mountains; מִבֵּין שְׁנֵי הָרִים וְהֶהָרִים הָרֵי נְחשֶׁת Zech 6:1 top of mountain usually ראֹשׁ הָהָר Num 14:40; Num 14:44; 1Sam 26:13; 2Kgs 1:9 as place for beacon Isa 30:17 (|| גִּבְעָה), (compare הַרנִֿשְׁפֶּה Isa 13:2 & נְשׂאֹנֵֿס הָרִים Isa 18:3), ראֹשׁ הֶהָרִים Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1, ראֹשׁ הָרִים Isa 42:11 (|| סֶלַע as dwelling-place) see also Ps 72:16 רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים Gen 8:5 as lurking-places for ambuscade Judg 9:25; Judg 9:36, placesfor altars Ezek 6:13 (|| גִּבְעָה רָמָה), for sacrifice Hos 4:13 (|| הַגְּבָעוֺת); ראֹשׁ הָהָר Josh 15:8 = mountain-ridge, compare vJosh 15:9; Judg 16:3 תּוֺעֲפוֺת הָרִים Ps 95:4 foundations of mountains מוֺסְדֵי הָרִים Deut 32:22; Ps 18:8 (|| מוֺסְדוֺת הַשָּׁמַיִם 2Sam 22:8); compare לְקִצְבֵי הָרִים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7. noun in figure uses: תָּדוּשׁ הָרִים וְתָדֹק וּגְבָעוֺת כַּמֹּץ תָּשִׂים Isa 41:15 figurative of Israel's overcoming its foes; יִתְנַגְּפוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם עַלהָֿרֵי נָ֑שֶׁף Jer 13:16 of encountering hopeless calamities; הֶהָרִים Isa 54:10 as less permanent & changeless than Yahweh's kindness (|| גְּבָעוֺת); הַר הַמַּשְׁחִית Jer 51:25 & הַר שְׂרֵפָה vJer 51:25 figurative of Babylon.

2. hill-country, mountain-region,
a. opposed to plain, etc.: — dwelling-place of Canaanites, הָהָר Num 13:17; Num 13:29 (of promised land; opposed to אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב, הַיָּם & יַדהַֿיַּרְדֵּן); בָּֽעֲרָבָה בָּהָר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבְחוֺף הַיָּם Deut 1:7 בָּהָר וּבָֽעֲרָבָה נֶגֶב כִּנְַּרוֺת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבְנָפוֺת דּוֺר מִיָּם Josh 11:2 בָּהָר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבָֽעֲרָבָה וּבָֽאֲשֵׁדוֺת וּבַמִּדְבָּר וּבַנֶּגֶב Josh 12:8 compare Josh 9:1; Josh 10:40; Judg 1:9 הָהָר indefinite (the hill-country, the mountains, in general) 2Chr 2:1 (place for hewing wood) so v.2Chr 2:17; Neh 8:15 (place for cutting boughs), etc.
b. of a particular mountain-region, hill-country: הַר הָאֱמֹרִי Deut 1:7 (compare vDeut 1:7) vDeut 1:19 (compare vDeut 1:24), also Josh 10:6 of Amalekites Judg 12:15 of Ephraim Josh 17:15; Josh 19:50; Josh 20:7; Josh 21:21; Josh 24:30; Josh 24:33; Judg 3:27; Judg 4:5; Judg 7:24; Judg 9:48; Judg 17:1 + 6 t. Judg 17; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 14:22; 2Sam 20:21; 1Kgs 4:8; 1Kgs 12:25; 2Kgs 5:22; 1Chr 6:52; 2Chr 13:4; 2Chr 15:8; 2Chr 19:4; Jer 4:15; Jer 31:6 Ephraim and Gilead Jer 50:19 (compare also (ה)הר Josh 17:16; Josh 17:18; Judg 3:27); of Israel Josh 11:16; Josh 11:21, cf. הָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezek 6:2; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 33:28; Ezek 34:13; Ezek 35:12 הָרֵי מְרוֺם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezek 17:23; Ezek 20:40 (|| הַרקָֿדְשִׁי) Ezek 34:14 עָרֵי הָהָר i.e. in mountain-country Deut 2:37 (of Ammonites), Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13 hill-country of Judah Josh 11:21; Josh 15:48; Josh 18:12; Josh 20:7; Josh 21:11; 2Chr 21:11 (הָרֵי יהודה) 2Chr 27:4 abode of Jebusites Josh 11:3.

הַרֲרִי, הֲרָרִי, הַרֲרָם, הַרֲרִי, הֲרָרֶיהָ see הר.

Strong's Definition H2022

mount, mountains, mountain, hill, hills, …

har

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

Variations 44 forms of this word

Translations 128 English renderings

Mount Mount Ephraim Mount Esau Mount Gilead Mount Jearim Mount of Olives Mount Zion

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Word Parts

צִיּ֗וֹן

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Zion")

Dictionary form: צִיּוֹן · tsih-YONE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

צִיּוֹן

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: zion

of zion ×47 zion ×41 in zion ×22 out of zion ×6 o zion ×5 to zion ×4 is zion ×3 thee out of zion ×3

More options

Zion — Standard proper-noun rendering; use in nearly all contexts.

Mount Zion — Use when the physical hill or sanctuary is emphasized.

the city of Zion — Clarifies urban/communal referent for general audiences.

Jerusalem — Use when Zion functions as a synonym for the whole city.

the people of Zion — Use when Zion refers collectively to its inhabitants.

Sion — Greek/NT spelling variant; use only in explicitly NT-parallel contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7051 H6726

צִיּוֺן₁₅₄ proper name, of a location Σ(ε)ιων; ‚îyyôn, Zion (Syriac , older form, according to Lag^{Bn 84}, compare 198); — ׳צ 2Sam 5:7 +; צִיּוֺ֫נָה Jer 4:6 — stronghold (of Jebusiteas), ׳מְצֻדַת צ captured by David, and made his residence 2Sam 5:7 = 1Chr 11:5 (both + הִיא עִיר דָּוִד), on southern part of east hill of Jerusalem, distinct from site of temple 1Kgs 8:1 = 2Chr 5:2 (both ׳הִיא צ ׳מֵעִיר ד), not elsewhere in narrative, but often in poets and prophets: as name of Jerusalem, from political point of view (sometimes = inhabitants), Amos 6:7 (|| הַרשֹֿׁמְרוֺן), || יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Mic 3:10; Mic 3:12 = Jer 26:18; Isa 4:3; Isa 30:19; Isa 40:9; Isa 41:27; Isa 52:1; Isa 62:1; Isa 64:9; Zeph 3:16; Zech 1:14; Zech 1:17; Ps 51:20 and (׳בַּתצֿ) Isa 52:2; Mic 4:8 (|| ׳בַּתיְֿרוּשׁ ), Lam 2:13 (|| id.), also (׳יוֺשֶׁבֶת צ) Jer 51:35 = Jerusalem also Isa 14:32; Isa 33:5+, so especially in phrase ׳בְּנוֺת צ Isa 3:16; Isa 3:17; Isa 4:4; Song 3:11, ׳בְּנֵי צ Lam 4:2; Joel 2:23; Ps 149:2 (|| יִשְׂרָזֵל ), cf . Zech 9:13, אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ ׳יָלְדָה צ Isa 66:8, and even ׳הַרצֿ 2Kgs 19:31 = Isa 37:32 (both || ׳יְרוּשׁ ), Isa 29:8 (|| אַרִיאֵל vIsa 29:7), Obad 1:17; Obad 1:21; Ps 48:12 (|| יְהוֺדָה בְּנוֺת Ps 125:1 so also ׳הַרבַּֿת צ Isa 16:1 and Isa 10:32 Qr (Kt ׃ בית || ׳נִּבְעַתיְֿרוּשׁ); compare ׳מְרוֺםצֿ Jer 31:12 in following ׳הַרצֿ might refer to temple-hill Isa 10:12 (+׳יְרוּשׁ), Isa 31:4 (+נִּבְעָתָהּ = ׳יְרוּשׁ vIsa 31:5), Lam 5:18; Joel 3:5 (+ ׳יְרוּשׁ ); specifically of Jerusalem as abode of ׳י and place of his worship Amos 1:2; Isa 31:9; Zech 8:3; Mic 4:2 = Isa 2:3, Joel 4:16; Ps 102:22; Ps 135:21; Ps 147:12 (all || ׳יְרוּשׁ), Ps 76:8 (|| שָׁלֵם); particular of sanctuary Ps 20:3 (|| קֹדֶשׁ), Ps 14:7 = Ps 53:7+; of Jerusalem ׳הַרצֿ Ps 48:3 (|| רָב֑ קִרְיַת מֶלֶח), Ps 78:68 (|| שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה), Isa 24:23 (|| ׳יְרוּשׁ), etc.; ׳הַרֲרֵי צ in same sence Ps 133:3 particularly of sanctuary Isa 4:5 and (|| הַרקָֿדְשִׁי) Joel 2:1; Joel 4:17 הַרֿ ׳קָדְשִׁי צ Ps 2:6 is seat of king. — See also ׳בַּתצֿ, ׳הַהרצֿ, ׳ישֶׁבֶת צ, below בַּת,הַר, יָשַׁב .

צָיוֺן see ציה. צִיּוּן see צוה above.

Strong's Definition H6726

zion, zions, sion

ṣiyyôn

parched place

Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem

another name for Jerusalem especially in the prophetic books

Variations 13 forms of this word

Translations 27 English renderings

Mount Zion Zion

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Word Parts

תָּ֭גֵלְנָה

Root word rejoice, glad, joyful, joy, rejoiced, …

Dictionary form: גִּיל · ɡeel

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqi3fp

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person feminine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

תָּגֵלְנָה

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Feminine Number Plural

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: be glad

shall rejoice ×6 be glad ×5 and rejoice ×4 rejoice ×4 shall be joyful ×2 and are glad ×1 and be glad ×1 and be joyful ×1

More options

rejoice — Most natural, broadly suitable modern rendering.

exult — Conveys intense, triumphant joy; good for poetic/hymnic contexts.

be glad — Softer, more everyday tone than rejoice.

delight — Emphasizes pleasure and satisfaction; works well with 'in'.

celebrate — Communal or festive contexts; slightly more concrete.

thrill with joy — Captures emotional intensity; suits vivid poetic passages.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1620 H1523

[גִּיל] verb rejoice (Nö^{ZMG 1883, 537}; compare Arabic go round or about, be excited to levity, etc.) —

Qal Perfect גַּלְתִּי Isa 65:19 Imperfect יָגִיל, תָּגִיל Ps 21:2 + 4 t. (Ps 21:2 Kt יגיל, Qr יָ֫גֶל with retracted tone); יָגֵל, תָּגֵל Ps 13:6 + 11 t., וַיָּגֶל Ps 16:9, אָגִילָה, נָגִילָה Ps 9:15 + 5 t., יָגִילוּ Ps 13:5 + 5 t., יְגִילוּן Ps 89:17, תָּגֵלְנָה Ps 48:12 + 2 t.; יָגִו֯ל Prov 23:24 Imperative גִּילוּ Ps 2:11 + 4 t., גִּילִי Isa 49:13 + 2 t.; —

1. rejoice,
a. absolute Ps 13:5; Ps 51:10; Zech 9:9 || שׂמח Ps 14:7; Ps 16:9; Ps 32:11; Ps 48:12; Ps 53:7; Ps 96:11; Ps 97:1; Ps 97:8; Prov 23:24; Prov 23:25; 1Chr 16:31; Hab 1:15 || שׂושׂ, שׂישׂ Isa 35:1; Isa 65:18.
b. with בְּ Ps 149:2; Prov 2:14; Prov 24:17; Isa 9:2 בירושׁלם Isa 65:19; Isa 66:10 בישׁועתך Ps 9:15; Ps 13:6; Ps 21:2 ביהוה Ps 35:9; Isa 41:16; Zech 10:7 באלהים Isa 61:10; Hab 3:18 ׳בשׁם י Ps 89:17 בקדושׁ ישׂראל Isa 29:19 ׳גיל ושׂמח ב Ps 31:8; Ps 118:24; Song 1:4; Isa 25:9; Joel 2:23 ׳גילי ושׂמחי כ Joel 2:21.
c. with עַל Zeph 3:17. Besides persons the subject is לֵב Ps 13:6; Prov 24:17; Zech 10:7 נפשׁ Ps 35:9; Isa 61:10, כבוד ( = נפשׁ) Ps 16:9, ארץ 1Chr 16:31; Ps 96:11; Ps 97:1; Isa 49:13, ערבה Isa 35:1; Isa 35:2.

2. tremble (compare Arabic ) Ps 2:11 || עבד (Thes Ew Hi Che, but ᵐ5 Hu De Pe AV RV rejoice), Hos 10:5 || אבל (Thes and most modern, but AV RV that rejoiced over it), possibly error for חיל Ew Gr Che.

Strong's Definition H1523

rejoice, glad, joyful, joy, rejoiced, …

gîl

properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e., usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear

to rejoice, exult, be glad

(Qal)

to rejoice

Variations 21 forms of this word

Translations 28 English renderings

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Word Parts

בְּנ֣וֹת

Root word daughter, daughters, towns, villages, owls, …

Dictionary form: בַּת · baht

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfpc

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בְּנוֹת

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Plural State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: let the daughters

the daughter ×101 daughter ×50 and daughters ×28 daughters ×28 the daughters ×25 of the daughter ×20 and her towns ×19 his daughter ×19

More options

daughter — Core meaning; fits most literal and narrative contexts.

young woman — Captures poetic or metaphorical uses (e.g., 'Daughter Zion').

town — Use for dependent settlements surrounding a main city.

village — Smaller settlement sense; interchangeable with 'town' contextually.

inhabitant — Collective sense: 'daughter of Zion' as its people.

girl — Informal register; suits younger or diminutive referents.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1179 H1323

I. בַּת₅₈₇ noun feminine daughter (= *בַּנְתְּ from בן; Phoenician בת, MI בנת plural maidens, Assyrian bintu Winckler^{Sargon, Glossary,} Arabic ; Sabean בת, בנת DHM^{ZMG 1883, 391} CIS^{iv. l, No. 6. 21}; Aramaic ) — ׳ב absolute Exod 1:16 +; construct Gen 11:29 +; suffix בִּתִּי Deut 22:16 +; בִּתְּךָ Gen 29:18 +; בִּתֵּנוּ Gen 34:17 etc.; plural בָּנוֺת Gen 5:4 +; construct בְּנוֺת Gen 6:2 +; suffix בְּנֹתַי Gen 31:26+; בְּנוֺתֶיךָ Gen 19:12 +; בְּנֹתָם Gen 34:21 בְּנוֺתֵיהֶם Deut 12:31 +, etc.; —

1. daughter, female child, born of a woman Gen 30:21; Gen 34:1; Exod 1:16; Exod 1:22; Exod 21:4; Lev 12:6; Hos 1:6 compare Gen 20:12; Lev 18:9; Deut 27:22 +; begotten by a man Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7; Gen 5:10; Gen 11:11; Gen 11:13; Gen 11:15 compare Gen 11:29; Gen 19:8; Gen 20:12; Gen 28:2; Lev 19:9; Deut 27:22 +; often || בֵּן son Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7 + (see בֵּן); compare in allegory of Jehoash 2Kgs 14:9 = 2Chr 25:18 note especially בְּנוֺת הָאָדָם i.e. human women Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4 בִּתְּךָ הַפְּטַנָּה thy younger daughter Gen 29:18 (compare הַצְּעִירָה vGen 29:26 opposed to הַבְּכִירָה); בִּתִּי הַגְּדוֺלָה my eldest daughter 1Sam 18:17 בַּתֿ(הַ)מֶּלֶךְ = princess 2Chr 22:11; 2Kgs 9:34; Dan 11:6 compare 2Sam 13:18; Jer 41:10; Jer 43:6; Ps 45:10 compare as term of praise בַּתנָֿדִיב Song 7:2 in particular
a. girl called בִּתֵּנוּ by father and brothers Gen 34:17 compare בִּתְּכֶם vGen 34:8.
b. of adopted daughter Esth 2:7; Esth 2:15.
c. used in speaking to daughter-in-law Ruth 1:11; Ruth 1:12; Ruth 1:13; Ruth 2:2; Ruth 2:8; Ruth 2:22; Ruth 3:1; Ruth 3:16; Ruth 3:18.
d. בַּתאָֿבִיו = sister Ezek 22:11 (appositive אחזתו); also half-sister Gen 20:12 בַּתאָֿבִי אַךְ לֹא בַתאִֿמִּי, compare Lev 18:9 & vLev 18:11 בַּתאֵֿשֶׁת אָבִיךָ, Lev 20:17.
e. בַּתדֹּֿדוֺ = cousin Esth 2:7. feminine used in kindly address, בִּתִּי Ruth 3:10; Ruth 3:11 (Boaz to Ruth), compare Ps 45:11 בְּנוֺתַי in mouth of ׳י Isa 43:6 (|| בָּנַי).
g. בְּנוֺת בָּנָיו = granddaughters Gen 46:7 (P) compare Lev 18:10 & vLev 18:17 (H); note also Gen 37:35, where בנותיו must include other than actual daughters.
h. רִבְקָה בַּתבְּֿתוּאֵל (as more precise designation) Gen 25:20 compare Gen 24:23; Gen 24:24; Gen 24:47 (twice in verse); also Gen 26:34 (twice in verse); Gen 29:10 +; note especially בַּתֿ פַּרְעֹה (without personal name) Exod 2:5; Exod 2:7; Exod 2:8; Exod 2:9; Exod 2:10 compare 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 7:8; 1Kgs 9:24; 1Kgs 11:1; 2Chr 8:11 בַּתאִֿישׁ כְּנַעֲַנִי וּשְׁמוֺ שׁוּעַ Gen 38:2 compare vGen 38:12 (but compare 1Chr 2:3 below בַּתשֿׁוּעַ proper name, feminine below)
i. often plural as designation of women of a particular city, land, or people: בְּנוֺת צִיּוֺן Isa 3:16; Isa 3:17; Isa 4:4; Song 3:11 compare Isa 49:22; Isa 60:4; Lam 3:51 בְּנוֺת יְרוּשָׁלַם Song 1:5; Song 2:7; Song 3:5; Song 3:10; Song 5:8; Song 5:16; Song 8:4 בְּנוֺתשִֿׁילוֺ Judg 21:21 (twice in verse); בְּנוֺת רַבָּה Jer 49:3 observe transitional phrase בְּנוֺת אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר Gen 24:13 further בְּנוֺת כְּנָ֑עַן Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6; Gen 28:8; Gen 36:2 (all P) compare הַכְּנַעֲנִי ׳ב Gen 24:3; Gen 24:37 (J); בְּנוֺת הָאָרֶץ Gen 27:46; Gen 34:1 (both P); בְּנוֺת מוֺאָב Num 25:1; Isa 16:2 compare Num 21:29 חֵת ׳ב Gen 27:46 (twice in verse) (P); פְּלִשְׁתִּים ׳ב Judg 14:1; Judg 14:2; 2Sam 1:20 || הָֽעֲרֵלִים ׳ב v2Sam 1:20 (poetry); יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳ב Judg 11:40; 1Sam 1:24 (poetry); יְהוּרָה ׳ב Ps 48:12; Ps 97:8 מְנַשֶּׁה ׳ב Josh 17:6 דָּן ׳ב 2Chr 2:13 compare בַּתלַֿוֵי Exod 2:1 i.e. a woman of tribe of Levi; also אַחֶיךָ ׳ב Judg 14:3 עַמֶּ֑ךָ ׳ב Ezek 13:17. — בֵּתצִֿיּוֺן etc. see below 3 below

2. young women, women Gen 30:13 (J) Prov 31:29; Song 2:2; Song 6:9 בָּנוֺת בֹּטְחוֺת Isa 32:9 also בַּת הַנָּשִׁים Dan 11:17.

3. with name of city, land, or people, poetic personification of that city or inhabitants, etc.: בַּתצִֿיּוֺן Isa 1:8; Isa 10:32; Isa 16:1; Isa 62:11; Mic 1:13; Mic 4:8; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:13; Jer 4:31; Jer 6:2; Jer 6:23; Zeph 3:14; Zech 2:14; Zech 9:9; Ps 9:15; Lam 1:6; Lam 2:1; Lam 2:4; Lam 4:22 even זִקְנֵי בתצֿיון Lam 2:10 ׳צ ׳חוֺמַת ב vLam 2:8 vLam 2:18 also ׳צֿ׳בְּתוּלַת ב 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; Lam 2:13 ׳צֿ׳שְׁבִּיָּה ב Isa 52:2 יְרוּשָׁלַם ׳ב 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; Mic 4:8; Zeph 3:14; Zech 9:9; Lam 2:13; Lam 2:15 compare בַּתפּֿוּצַי Zeph 3:10 daughter of my dispersed ones; בַּתצֹֿר Ps 45:13 בָּבֶל ׳ב Jer 50:42; Jer 51:33; Ps 137:8 בָּבֶל ׳בְּתוּלַת ב Isa 47:1 see further Zech 2:11 also of Tarshish Isa 23:10, Sidon vIsa 23:12 (+ בְּתוּלַת), Dibon Jer 48:18 (+ יוֺשֶׁבֶת), Gallim Isa 10:30 בְּתוּלַת יְֿהוּדָה׳ב Lam 1:15 compare מִבְצְרֵי בַּת יְהוּדָה Lam 2:2 בַּתעַֿמִּי daughter of my people Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11; Jer 6:14; Jer 6:26; Jer 8:11; Jer 8:19; Jer 8:21; Jer 8:22; Jer 8:23; Jer 9:6; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10, ׳י ׳בְּתוּלַת ב Jer 14:17 בַּתמִֿצְרָ֑יִם Jer 46:24 also Jer 46:11 (+ בְּתוּלַת), vJer 46:19 (+ יוֺשֶׁבֶת); אֱדוֺם ׳ב Lam 4:21; Lam 4:22 כַּשְׂדִּים ׳ב Isa 47:1; Isa 47:5 note הַבַּת הַשּׁוֺבֵבָ֑ה Jer 31:22 (|| בְּתוּלַת יִשְׂרָאֵל vJer 31:21) Jer 49:4 (= Ammon); on בַּתאֲֿשֻׁרִים Ezek 27:6 see below אֲשֻׁרִים p. 81; less often in plural בְּנוֺת הַגּוֺיִם Ezek 32:16 אַדִּרִם ׳גּ ׳ב vEzek 32:18 (these perhaps below 1 i); בְּנוֺת פְּלִשְׁתִּים Ezek 16:27 (in allegory); compare also of Sodom, Samaria, Syria etc. V:44; V:45; V:46; V:46; V:53; V:55; V:55; V:57; V:57; Ezek 23:2.

4. plural = villages, after name of city, וּבְחֶשְׁבּוֺן וּבְכָלבְּֿנֹתֶיהָ Num 21:25 compare vNum 21:32; Num 32:42 (E) Josh 15:45; Josh 15:47 (twice in verse) (J E ?) + vJosh 15:28 ᵐ5 Di, Josh 17:11 (6 t.) vJosh 17:16 (J) = Judg 1:27 (4 t. in verse); Judg 11:26 (twice in verse); Jer 49:2 + 17 t.; Chronicles + 6 t.; Neh 11:25-31. On 1Chr 18:1 & its variation from || 2Sam 8:1 see We Dr.

5. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc., בַּתאֵֿל נֵכָר daughter of a strange god, i.e. idolatrous (woman or people) Mal 2:11 בַּתגְּֿדוּר daughter of a troop, i.e. war-like city Mic 4:14 בְּנוֺת הַשִּׁיר Eccl 12:4 the daughters of song, i.e. songs, melodious notes; בַּתבְּֿלִיַּעַל 1Sam 1:16 see בְּלִיַּעַל below בלה.

6. בַּת יַעֲנָה = ostrich Lev 11:16 = Deut 14:15 plural בְּנוֺת יַעֲנָה Job 30:29; Mic 1:8; Isa 13:21; Isa 34:13; Isa 43:20; Jer 50:39 (see יַעֲנָה); בַּתעַֿיִן pupil of the eye Lam 2:18 compare Ethiopic see also אישׁוֺן

7. figurative לַעֲלוּקָה שְׁתֵּי בָנוֺת Prov 30:15 two daughters (i.e. Sh®°ôl & the barren womb, compare Comm.)

8. of vine = branch בָּנוֺת צָֽעֲרָה עֲלֵישֿׁוּר Gen 49:22 compare Di & v: below בֵּן.

9. as noun relative (all P), of age of woman בַּתתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה Gen 17:17 of ewe-lamb בַּתשְֿׁנָתָהּ Lev 14:10; Num 6:14 of she-goat id. Num 15:27. compare בֵּן

9. — II. בַּת see below בתת.

BDB1379 H1323

I. בַּת daughter see below בן.

Strong's Definition H1323

daughter, daughters, towns, villages, owls, …

bat

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

(n f) daughter

daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

as polite address

Variations 119 forms of this word

Translations 143 English renderings

Bath-shua Judah's Canaanite wife; mother of Er, Onan, and Shelah. Daughter

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Word Parts

לְ֝מַ֗עַן

Preposition that, sake, to, of, for, …

Dictionary form: מַעַן · ma-AN

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R

Preposition

לְמַעַן

Speech Preposition

In English

In the KJV here: because of

that ×143 sake ×36 to ×15 because of ×9 and that ×7 for ×4 to the end ×4 to the end that ×4

More options

so that — Most common purpose/result clause; broadly applicable.

in order that — Slightly more formal; emphasizes deliberate intent.

for the sake of — Use when expressing motivation on behalf of someone.

because of — Causal sense; preferred when reason, not purpose, is in view.

to the end that — Modernized KJV; retains formal tone for solemn contexts.

on account of — Slightly more formal causal alternative to 'because of'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

Strong's Definition H4616

that, sake, to, of, for, …

maʿan

properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that

purpose, intent

(prep) for the sake of

Variations 9 forms of this word

Translations 41 English renderings

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Word Parts

מִשְׁפָּטֶֽי ךָ

מִשְׁפָּטֶֽי

Root word judgment, judgments, manner, right, cause, …

ךָ

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)

Dictionary form: מִשְׁפָּט · mish-PAWT

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp2ms

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

מִשְׁפָּטֶֽי	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Construct
ךָ	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

In English

In the KJV here: thy judgments

judgment ×62 of judgment ×22 my judgments ×20 and judgment ×16 in judgment ×14 thy judgments ×13 and judgments ×12 after the manner ×10

More options

justice — Best for contexts of fair treatment or legal equity.

judgment — Modernizes KJV; suits judicial decisions or rulings.

ordinance — Prefer for codified legal statutes or divine decrees.

right — Use when emphasizing entitlement or what is due.

custom — Good for social or cultural norms and practices.

sentence — Specific to formal verdicts pronounced by a judge.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8959 H4941

מִשְׁפָּט₄₂₂ noun masculine^{Gen 40:13} judgment; — absolute מִשְׁפָּט Exod 21:31 + 203 t., + לְשְִׁ֯פָּט Ezek 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁפֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁפַּט Exod 23:6 + 50 t.; suffix מִשְׁפָּטִי Isa 40:27 +; מִשְׁפָּטָם Jer 49:12 +; מִשְׁפָּטָן Num 27:5 plural מִשְׁפָּטִים Jer 4:12 + 34 t.; suffix מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Deut 33:10 +, etc.; —

1. judgment:
a. act of deciding a case: ׳מ be-longeth to God Deut 1:17, is from him Prov 16:33; Prov 29:26 ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַמּ Mal 2:17 ׳חשֶׁן מ Exod 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so vExod 28:29 vExod 28:30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron vExod 28:30 (P); צֶדֶק ׳מ Deut 16:18 ׳הֵבִין מ Job 32:9 ׳שׁפט מ 1Kgs 3:28 ׳עשׂה מ 1Kgs 3:28 ׳דְּבַר (ה)מ Deut 17:9; 2Chr 19:6 ׳רוח מ Isa 28:6 במשׁפט Lev 19:15; Lev 19:35 (H) Deut 1:17; Prov 16:10; Prov 24:23 חאורים ׳במ Num 27:21 (P); למשׁפט Num 35:12; Josh 20:6 (P) Deut 17:8; Judg 4:5; 2Sam 15:2; 2Sam 15:6; 2Chr 19:8; Isa 34:5; Isa 41:1; Isa 54:17; Isa 59:11; Hab 1:12; Mal 3:5; Ps 9:8; Ps 35:23; Ps 76:10; Ps 122:5; Job 9:19 (Ezek 44:24 see above).
b. place, court seat of judgment Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 7:7; Isa 28:6; Eccl 3:16.
c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: ׳הֵבִיא במ Job 14:3; Eccl 11:9; Eccl 12:14 ׳בא במ, with עם Isa 3:14; Job 22:4, with את Ps 143:2, with יחדו Job 9:32, ׳חלד במ Job 34:23, compare Ezek 34:16; Ps 112:5 plural דבּר משׁפטים, with את litigate with Jer 1:16; Jer 4:12; Jer 12:1; Jer 39:5 = Jer 52:9, singular מִשְׁפָּט in || 2Kgs 25:6, by error.
d. case or cause presented for judgment: ׳בעל מ Isa 50:8 ׳ערךְ מ Job 13:18; Job 23:4 ׳שׁמע מ 1Kgs 3:11 ׳שׁפט מ Lam 3:59, compare Num 27:5 (P) 2Sam 15:4.
e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1Kgs 20:40 thus is thy sentence; ׳עת ומ Eccl 8:5; Eccl 8:6 time and sentence; ׳על מ Deut 17:11 according to the sentence; מָוֶת ׳מ Deut 19:6; Deut 21:22; Jer 26:11; Jer 26:16 דמים ׳מ Ezek 7:23, compare Hab 1:4 (twice in verse); Ps 7:7; Ps 17:2; Ezek 23:45 plural only Ezek 16:68 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Hos 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי בָאוֺד for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֺר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Hi Che and most modern feminine execution of judgment, in general, ׳עשׂה מ, with בֵּין Jer 7:5; Ezek 18:8, compare Deut 32:41; Zeph 3:8 with בְּ against Ps 119:84; Ps 149:9 ב omitted Ps 9:17; Ezek 39:21, בא אל ׳מ Jer 48:21, ׳ברוח מ Isa 4:4, מואב ׳מ Jer 48:47, compare Isa 53:8; Jer 51:9; Hos 5:1; Hos 5:11; Hos 10:4; Job 36:17 plural Isa 26:8; Isa 26:9; Ezek 5:8; Zeph 3:15; Ps 10:5 in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Mic 7:9; Ps 9:5 לעשׁוקים ׳מ Ps 146:7 והציל ׳דין מ Jer 21:12, compare Zech 7:9; Zech 8:16 plural Ps 48:12 = Ps 97:8; Ps 6; Ps 5; Ps 7 = 1Chr 16:12; 1Chr 16:14.
g. time of judgment, ׳לִא יקומו במ Ps 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection).

2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude:
a. of God, ׳אלהי מ Isa 30:18 ׳הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מ Gen 18:25 (J), compare Job 40:8; Deut 32:4; Ps 111:7 he loves it Ps 33:5; Ps 37:28; Ps 99:4 ׳צדק ומ Hos 2:21; Ps 89:15 = Ps 97:2 will not pervert it Job 8:3; Job 34:12, compare Job 37:23 כמשׁפטךָ Ps 119:149 (|| חסדךָ); מִשְׁפָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֺם רָבָּה Ps 36:7 (read singular).
b. of man: ׳אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ Ps 106:8 (|| צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh ׳מ Ps 37:30 so of thoughts ׳מ Prov 12:5 put on ׳מ as robe Job 29:14, chosen Job 34:4 ׳עשׂה מ: God requires that man should do it Mic 6:8; Isa 1:17; Isa 56:1, compare Isa 61:8 it is the joy of the righteous Prov 21:15 rulers should know it Mic 3:1, compare Prov 29:4 wicked ruler ׳שׂוֺנֵא מ Job 34:17 abhors it Mic 3:9, compare Prov 19:28; Prov 21:7; Prov 28:5.

3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1Sam 8:9; 1Sam 8:11; 1Sam 10:25 (law of king); Levitical ordinances Lev 5:10; Lev 9:16 + 13 t. P, 1Chr 15:13; 1Chr 24:19; 2Chr 4:7; 2Chr 4:20; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 35:13; Neh 8:18 ׳חק ומ Exod 15:25; Josh 24:25 (E) 1Sam 30:25, compare Ps 81:5 ׳חקת מ Num 27:11; Num 35:29 (P); divine law in general יהוה ׳מ Jer 8:7 ׳מ אלהים Isa 58:2; Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5 (|| דֶּרֶךְ), compare Ps 25:9 || תורה Isa 42:4; Isa 51:4; Ezra 7:10 compare Zeph 2:3; Ps 119:43; Ps 119:160 plural of particular ordinances Deut 33:10; Deut 33:21 (poem), Isa 58:2; Ezek 44:24; Ps 19:10; Ps 119:7 + 16 t., Ps 147:20.

4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (see Br^{Hexateuch 252 sq}.): singular of particular decision of a case Exod 21:31 (E); plural of series of decisions Exod 21:1; Exod 24:3 (JE) Deut 7:12 (D²); in covt. code and D, collection of pentads in conditional or temporal compare, with כּי or אם in D, and subject in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים Deut 4:1. 5. 8. 14. 45 +; in code of H and after, in combination חקות ומשׁפטים, Lev 18:4; Lev 18:5; Lev 18:26; Lev 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, see Br^{Hexateuch 254 f.}); other combinations, redactional and later, Lev 26:46; Num 36:13; Deut 30:16; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Chr 33:8; Neh 9:13; Ps 18:23; Ps 89:31; Ps 147:19.

5. one's (legal) right, privilege, due: הַכּהֲנִים ׳מ Deut 18:3 due of the priests, הַבְּכֹרָה ׳מ Deut 21:17 ׳מ הַגְּאֻלָּה Jer 32:7 right of redemption; הַיְרֻשָּׁה ׳מ vJer 32:8 ׳הִטָּה מ Exod 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Deut 16:19; Deut 23:6; Deut 24:17; Deut 27:19; Deut 1:3; , compare Prov 18:5 יְתוֺם ׳מ Deut 10:18 אביון ׳מ Exod 23:6 (E) Jer 5:28; Ps 140:13 עניים׳מ Isa 10:2; Job 36:6 ׳הסיר מ Job 27:2; Job 34:5, compare Isa 40:27; Isa 49:4.

6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1Kgs 5:8 fitness Isa 28:26; Isa 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; compare Di).
b. custom, manner: הכהנים ׳מ 1Sam 2:13 custom of the priests (rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁפָּטוֺ 1Sam 27:11 his (David's) custom; ׳מ הגוים 2Kgs 17:33 manner of the nations, compare 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:27 (Rs^{sem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23}); ׳כמ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Gen 40:13; Exod 21:9 (E) Judg 18:7; 1Kgs 18:28; 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 17:34; 1Chr 6:17; Ezek 42:11; Ps 119:132.
c. מה משׁפט Judg 13:12 what manner of a boy, compare 2Kgs 1:7.
d. plan . . . of the tabernacle Exod 26:30 (P); temple 1Kgs 6:38 palace Jer 30:18.

Strong's Definition H4941

judgment, judgments, manner, right, cause, …

mišpāṭ

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

judgment, justice, ordinance

judgment

act of deciding a case

Variations 86 forms of this word

Translations 154 English renderings

Psalms 48:10

Read Psalms 48

Psalms 48:12