Psalms 96:12

יַעֲלֹ֣ז

Root word rejoice, rejoiced, triumph, joyful, rejoicest, …

Dictionary form: עָלַז · aw-LAHDZ

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: be joyful

and rejoice ×2 be joyful ×2 i will rejoice ×2 triumph ×2 greatly rejoiceth ×1 nor rejoiced ×1 rejoice ×1 shall rejoice ×1

More options

exult — Captures intense, expressive joy; broadly useful.

rejoice — Modernized KJV standard; clear and widely understood.

celebrate — Emphasizes communal or outward expression of joy.

revel — Suggests uninhibited delight; good for festive contexts.

triumph — Prefer when joy arises from victory over an enemy.

delight — Softer tone; suits quieter or reflective gladness.

BDB6089 H5937

[עָלַז] verb exult (|| form of עלץ q. v.; compare Phoenicianproper name lm. נבעלז); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲלֹז Ps 96:12 1 singular וָאֶעְלֹז Jer 15:17 אֶעֱלֹ֑וָה Ps 60:8; Ps 108:8 3 masculine plural יַעְלְזוּ Ps 149:5, יַעֲ֑לֹזוּ, Jer 51:39; Ps 94:3, etc.; Imperative feminine singular עָלְזִי Zeph 3:14 masculine plural עִלְזוּ Ps 68:5 Infinitive construct לַעֲלוֺז Isa 23:12 — exult, triumph Isa 23:12; Jer 15:17 of Israel's foes 2Sam 1:20; Jer 50:11(|| שׂמח), of wicked Ps 94:3; Jer 11:15 of Israel Zeph 3:14 ( + שִׂמְחִי), ׳אֶע ׳בְּי, Hab 3:18 in ׳י will I exult (|| אָגִילָה), Ps 149:5 לְפָנָיו ׳ע Ps 68:5 subject לִבִּי Ps 28:7, כִּלְיוֺתָ֑י Prov 23:16 figurative of field Ps 96:12 (|| רָנַן); of ׳י Ps 60:8 = Ps 108:8.

rejoice, rejoiced, triumph, joyful, rejoicest, …

ʿālaz

to jump for joy, i.e., exult

(Qal) to exult, rejoice, triumph

שָׂ֭דַי

Root word field, fields, country, wild, land, …

Dictionary form: שָׂדֶה · saw-DEH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: let the field

of the field ×79 in the field ×49 the field ×28 field ×17 into the field ×10 fields ×7 in the country ×6 the fields ×5

More options

field — Most versatile; fits agricultural and open-land contexts.

land — Prefer when ownership or territory is emphasized.

countryside — Good for contrast with city or settled areas.

open country — Highlights exposure and wildness beyond villages.

farmland — Use when cultivated or agricultural sense is primary.

wilderness — Only when context stresses remoteness or danger.

BDB8170 H7704

שָׂדַי noun masculine^{Ps 96:12} field, land (rare original form of שָׂדֶה (q. v. below), only in poetry); — absolute ׳שׂ Jer 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hos 10:4 +; —

1. cultivated field Hos 12:12, also Hos 10:4 (si vera lectio, but see Now), yielding food Deut 32:13; Lam 4:9 ׳שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ Jer 4:17 keepers, watchmen of a field.

2. home of wild beasts: ׳בְּהֵמוֺת שׂ Ps 8:8; Joel 2:22, ׳חַיְתוֺ שׂ Isa 56:9; Ps 104:11, ׳זִזִ שׂ Ps 50:11; Ps 80:14.

3. plain, opposite mountain, Jer 18:14 (but dubious, Co Du שִׂרְיֹן).

4. land, opposed to sea, Ps 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; || תֵּבֵל Ps 98:7).

BDB8171 H7704

שָׂדֶה₃₁₈ noun masculine^{Lev 27:24} id. (ordinary contracted form Ges^{«GKC:84a»§ 84 a f}); — absolute ׳שׂ Gen 2:5 (twice in verse) +; construct שְׂדֵה Gen 14:7 +; suffix שָׂדִי Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deut 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deut 24:19; Lev 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֺת 1Sam 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֺת Neh 12:29 also שְׂדֵי 2Sam 1:21; Isa 32:12; Ruth 1:1 + 8 t. (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה compare Ba^{ZMG xlii (1888), 351} SS Buhl; note, e.g. שְׂדֵי Ruth 1:6a, = שְׂדֵה v^b Ruth 4:3 but see Kö^{ii. 1, 77}); suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Neh 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1Kgs 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Mic 2:4 —

1. open field, country:
a. pasture-land Gen 29:2; Gen 30:16; Exod 9:3 (all J), Deut 11:15; 1Sam 11:5 + 10 t. J, JE.
b. unfrequented Gen 24:63; Gen 24:65, exposed to violence Gen 4:8 (J), 2Sam 14:6; Deut 21:1; Deut 22:25; Deut 22:27, to wild beasts Exod 22:30 (E), Ezek 33:27.
c. specifically home of beasts: 2Sam 17:8; Jer 14:5 especially phrase ׳חַיַּת הַשּׂ Gen 2:19; Gen 2:20; Gen 3:1; Gen 3:14 (all J) of beasts in general, and, of wild beasts, Exod 23:11; Exod 23:29 (E), Hos 2:14; Hos 2:20; Hos 4:3; Hos 13:8; (H), Job 5:23 (|| חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 t.; ׳בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ 1Sam 17:44 compare Joel 1:20 ׳אַיְלוֺת הַשּׂ Song 2:7; Song 3:5, compare ׳הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ 2Sam 2:18 hunting-ground Gen 25:29; Gen 27:3; Gen 27:5 (all J E), compare ׳אִישׁ שׂ Gen 25:27 (J E; || אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד).
d. yielding plants and trees: Gen 25:27 (JE), Gen 30:14 (J), Exod 10:5 (JE), 2Kgs 4:39; Ezek 21:2; Ezek 39:10 especially phrase ׳עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ Gen 2:5; Gen 3:18 (both J), + 6 t. + ׳בַּשּׂ ׳ע Zech 10:1 ׳שִׂיח הַשּׂ Gen 2:5, ׳גֶּפֶן שׂ 2Kgs 4:39, ׳פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ V:39, ׳צִיץ הַשּׂ Isa 40:15; Ps 103:15, ׳צֶמַח הַשּׂ Ezek 16:7 ׳עֵץ הַשּׂ (4 t. עֲצֵי) Exod 9:25 (JE), Deut 20:19; Lev 26:4 (H) Isa 55:12 + 8 t.; 2Sam 1:21 see תְּרוּמָה, √ רום.
e. stony, ׳אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ Job 5:23. feminine open country, outside of walled city Judg 9:32; Judg 9:42; Judg 9:43; Judg 9:44; Judg 19:16; 1Sam 19:3; 1Sam 20:5; 1Sam 20:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 20:24; 1Sam 20:35; 2Kgs 7:12; Mic 4:10 as battle-ground Josh 8:24 (J), 2Sam 10:8 = 1Chr 19:9; 2Sam 11:23; 2Sam 18:6, outside of military camp 1Sam 4:2; 1Sam 14:15 opposed to city (in formula) 1Kgs 14:11; 1Kgs 16:4; 1Kgs 21:24; Jer 14:18; Ezek 7:15 שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Lev 25:31 as site of small town, country-town 1Sam 27:5 (opposed to royal city), compare 1Chr 27:25 of high places, ׳גְּבָעוֺת בַּשּׂ Jer 13:27 quite general, 1Sam 30:11; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:13 including road Judg 20:31; 1Kgs 11:29; Jer 6:25 distinguished from road Num 22:23 (JE), 2Sam 20:12 outside houses and courtyards Exod 8:9 (P), 1Sam 25:15 ׳בַּשּׂ nearly = outdoors Exod 1:14 (P), Judg 13:9 of surface of country or ground, ׳בַּשּׂ Exod 16:25 (J E; = עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר V:14), compare 1Sam 14:25 so ׳(אֶל) לְַפְּֿנֵי הַשּׂ 2Kgs 9:37; Jer 9:22; Ezek 29:5 (|| הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), Ezek 32:4; Ezek 39:5 same phrase opposed to house, comfort, etc., 2Sam 11:11; Ezek 16:5, opposed to city Lev 14:7; Lev 14:53, opposed to tent Num 19:16 (all P), opposed to tent of meeting Lev 17:5 (H).
g. = expanse of country, opposed to mountain, in phrase ׳מְרוֺמֵי שׂ Judg 5:18 ׳הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ Jer 17:3 (of Jerusalem) is dubious; compare ׳לְעִי הַשּׂ Mic 1:6 (Jer 18:14 see שָׂדַי).

2. definite portion of ground, field, land:
a. cultivated ground Gen 37:7 (E), Gen 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Exod 22:4 (3 t. in verse); Exod 22:5 (E), Lev 27:16; Lev 27:17 (P), Mic 3:12 (in simile) Ruth 2:2 + 47 t., + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֺת 2Sam 1:21, זָֿ֑רַע׳שׂ Ezek 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֺב V:8 good soil.
b. as private property, Mic 5:2; Mic 5:4; Isa 5:8 (twice in verse); Gen 47:20 (J), Gen 23:9; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:13 (P) + 50 t., + 2Chr 26:23 (as burial-place); also ׳חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ, see חֶלְקָה; and צֹפִים ׳שׂ, see צפה.
c. city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Gen 41:48 (E), Lev 25:34 (P), Josh 21:12 (P) = 1Chr 6:41; Neh 11:25; Neh 11:30; Neh 12:29; Neh 12:44 specifically of Zoan Ps 78:12; Ps 78:43.
d. territory of nation, tribe: Gen 32:4; Num 21:20 (both J E), Judg 5:4; Ruth 1:1; Ruth 1:2; Gen 14:7 + 13 t. + ׳שְׂדֵה נִחֲלַת יִשׂ Judg 20:6.
e. territory of king, 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 13:30.

3. land, opposed to sea, 1Chr 16:32 (opposed to הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Ps 96:12), perhaps also mainland Ezek 26:6; Ezek 26:8 (Co Krae Toy and others; not Sm).

שִׂדִּים see שׂדד. שְׂדֵרָה see סדר above,

field, fields, country, wild, land, …

śāde

a field (as flat)

field, land

cultivated field

וְ כָל

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

כָל

Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and all

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69

More options

all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.

every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.

whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.

any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.

each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.

entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHM^{Epigr. Denk. 36-38}; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Kö^{i. 84, 95}); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
(a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
(b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
(a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
(b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
(c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges^{«GKC:141»§ 141}. 1 R. 2).

2. Absolutely:
a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
b. with art. הַכֹּל:
(a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
(b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, the whole

all, the whole of

אֲשֶׁר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

בּ ֑וֹ

בּ

Preposition in, at, by, with

֑וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Preposition

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

אָ֥ז

Adverb then, time, since, beginning, even, …

Dictionary form: אָז · awdz

Adverb

In the KJV here: is therein then

then ×88 was then ×6 and then ×3 that then ×3 from the beginning ×2 him then ×2 since ×2 and i then ×1

More options

then — Default choice for sequential or temporal 'then'.

at that time — More explicit; useful when context needs clarity.

since — Prefer when marking a starting point extending to now.

from that point on — Emphasizes ongoing duration from a past moment.

formerly — Good for retrospective or 'in earlier times' contexts.

in those days — Slightly narrative; suits historical or story passages.

BDB254 H227

אָז adverb (compare , also Biblical Aramaic אֱדַיִן properly a substantive = time; see מֵאָז) at that time, then, whether expressing duration, or inception (= thereupon).

1. strictly temporal:
a. of past time: — without a verb Gen 12:6; Gen 13:7; Josh 14:11; 2Sam 23:14 with a perfect Gen 4:26; Exod 4:26; Josh 10:33; Judg 8:3; Judg 13:21; Jer 22:15 אָז טוֺב לוֺ then was it well to him (compare vJer 22:16; Hos 2:9); more usually (especially when = thereupon) with an imperfect (see Dr^{§ 27}) Exod 15:1; Num 21:17; Josh 8:30; Josh 10:12; Josh 22:1; 1Kgs 3:16; 1Kgs 8:1; 1Kgs 9:11 (see Dr^Intr.192) and elsewhere.
b. of future time (usually where some emphasis is intended), with imperfect Isa 35:5; Isa 35:6; Isa 60:5; Mic 3:4, rather differently Lev 26:41; 1Sam 20:12 rarely with perfect 2Sam 5:24b (will have gone forth) Isa 33:23: with an accompanying logical force, implying the fulfilment of a condition, then = if or when this has been done (with the imperfect) Gen 24:41; Exod 12:44; Exod 12:48; Deut 29:19; Josh 1:8; 1Sam 6:3; Isa 58:8; Isa 58:9; Jer 11:15 Hi Ke Ps 19:14; Ps 51:21; Prov 3:23; Job 11:15; Job 13:20; Job 22:26.
c. in poetry אז is sometimes used to throw emphasis on a particular feature of the description Gen 49:4; Exod 15:15; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:11; Judg 5:13; Judg 5:19; Judg 5:22; Isa 33:23; Isa 41:1; Hab 1:11; Ps 2:5; Ps 96:12.
d. it points back with emphasis to an infinitive with בּ 2Sam 5:24 a Ps 126:2 (twice in verse); Job 28:27; Job 33:16 to בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא (anomalously) 1Chr 16:7.

2. expressing logical sequence strictlyd: in the apodosis: — after אם (rare) for sake of special emphasis Isa 58:14; Prov 2:5; Job 9:31 = in that case, after לוּ or לוּלֵא 2Sam 2:27 hadst thou not spoken, כִּי אָז surely then had the people, etc. 2Sam 19:7; Ps 119:92 after אחלי 2Kgs 5:3; Ps 119:6 after a suppressed protasis 2Kgs 13:19; Job 3:13 יָשַׁנְתִּי אָז יָנוּחַ לִי I had slept, then were there rest for me; Josh 22:31 (strangely) = now, as things are; Eccl 2:15 = that being so. (122 t., besides מאז and מןאֿז. Seldom used except where some special emphasis is de-sired. 'Then' of AV RV more commonly repre-sents וְ, especially in the apodosis.)

then, time, since, beginning, even, …

ʾāz

at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore

then, at that time

temporal expressions

then (past)

in that case

יְ֝רַנְּנ֗וּ

Root word sing, rejoice, joy, aloud, out, …

Dictionary form: רָנַן · raw-NAHN

Verb — Piel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: rejoice

sing ×9 rejoice ×3 and sing ×2 shout for joy ×2 and rejoice ×1 and shall sing ×1 and shout ×1 and shout for joy ×1

More options

sing for joy — Most direct modern rendering; captures exuberant vocal praise.

shout for joy — Emphasizes volume and jubilation over melodic singing.

rejoice aloud — Highlights audible expression of inner joy.

cry out in joy — Useful when context stresses urgency or intensity.

exult — Elevated register; suits poetic or liturgical passages.

acclaim — Communal/public tone; good for congregational worship scenes.

BDB7822 H7442 H7323 H7321

[רוּן] verb overcome (compare Arabic (), with or person, overcome, e.g. of wine); — assumed in Hebrew by Thes (after ᵐ5) and most modern to explain Hithpo`el Participle כְּגִבּוֺר מִתְרוֺנֵן מִיָּ֑יִן Ps 78:65 like a hero overcome by wine (compare || v^a); AV RV De Che and others shout (√רנן), compare ᵑ7; so Hup-Now, with alternate conjecture מִתְעוֺרֵר, and this sense more suitable (compare Luzz^{Il Pentateuco iii (1874), 162 (Lev 21:7)} Perles⁷⁹). — Prov 29:6 see רנן, רוץ.

BDB7828 H7323 H7442

רוּץ verb run (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Ethiopic , Zinjirli Perfect 1 singular רצת; = Aramaic רְהַט; (W^{SG 47}); compare Assyrian râƒu, be helpful (i.e. run to help?)); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular רָץ Gen 18:7 2 masculine singular רַצְתָּה Jer 12:5, etc.; Imperfect יָרוּץ Hab 2:2 +, יָרֻץ Job 16:14, וַיָּ֫רָץ Gen 18:2 +, וַיָּר֑ץ 2Sam 18:21.; 1 singular suffix ארוצם Jer 50:44 Kt (but < Qr. Hiph`il, see below), etc. [see also רצץ]; Imperative masculine singular רוּץ 2Sam 18:23; 2Kgs 4:26, רֻץ 1Sam 20:36; Zech 2:8 Infinitive construct לָרוּץ 1Sam 20:6 +; Participle רָץ 2Sam 18:22 +, plural רָצִים 1Sam 22:17 +, רָצִין 2Kgs 11:13 (Ges^{«GKC:87e»§ 87e}); —

1. run, with אֶל location Gen 18:7; Gen 24:20 (both J), Num 17:12 (P), אֶל person Gen 24:29 (J; + ה locative), 1Sam 3:5; Isa 55:5 (figurative), with hostility, against, Job 15:26 (figurative), so goat against ram Dan 8:6, עַל person, against Job 16:14 ה locative also Josh 7:22, לְבֵיתוֺ Hag 1:9, לָרַע Isa 59:7; Prov 1:16 accusative of location 1Sam 20:6; 1Sam 17:22; 1Sam 17:48 (+ לִקְרַאת); ב location on (ב II. 2), of horses Amos 6:12, locusts Joel 2:9 into Prov 18:10 (figurative); מִן local 1Sam 4:12, so ᵑ0 2Kgs 23:12 (= he went quickly thence, but text perhaps corrupt, see Kit Benz, and compare Hiph`il below); אַחֲרֵי person 2Sam 18:22; 1Kgs 19:20; 2Kgs 5:20; 2Kgs 5:21; Song 1:4, עַד person 2Kgs 4:22 לִפְנֵי person 2Sam 15:1; 1Kgs 1:5 (both of royal escort, out-runners), 1Kgs 18:46 (+ עַד location), לִפְנֵי of thing 1Sam 8:11 אֵת person accompare Jer 12:5 with accusative of way, אֹרַֹח Ps 19:6, דֶּרֶךְ 2Sam 18:23; Ps 119:132 (figurative); as preliminary, + infinitive לִקְרַאת run to meet Gen 18:2; Gen 24:17; Gen 29:13; Gen 33:4 (all J), 2Kgs 4:26; Jer 51:31, + finite verb Gen 24:28; Gen 29:12 (both J), Num 11:27; Josh 8:19 (both J E), Judg 7:21; Judg 13:10; 1Sam 10:23; 1Sam 17:51; 2Sam 18:19; Ps 59:5 as imperative + imperative 1Sam 20:36; Zech 2:8 absolute 1Sam 20:36; Isa 40:31; 2Chr 23:12 (see 2 a), Prov 4:12; Prov 6:18 (of feet), of locusts Joel 2:4; Joel 2:7 specifically, run as messenger 2Sam 18:21; 2Sam 18:22; 2Sam 18:23 (twice in verse); 2Sam 18:24; 2Sam 18:26 (twice in verse), figurative of prophet's activity Jer 23:21, of ׳י's word Ps 147:15 figurative of reading smoothly, יָרוּץ קוֺרֵא בוֺ Hab 2:2. — Ps 18:30 = 2Sam 22:30 read אָרֹץ (for אָרֻץ, אָרוּץ), √רצץ Ew Ol Che Bae and others

2. Participle as substantive:
a. plural הָרָצִים the runners properly out-runners, as royal escort, compare verb 2Sam 15:1; 1Kgs 1:5 then) of royal body-guard 1Sam 22:17; 1Kgs 14:27; 1Kgs 14:28 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 12:10; 2Chr 12:11; 2Chr 12:28, 2Kgs 10:25 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 11:4; 2Kgs 11:6; 2Kgs 11:11; 2Kgs 11:19 (twice in verse). — הָרָצִין (הָעָםׅ v2Kgs 11:13 is gloss (Kit Benz; whence [easier] הָעָם הָרָצִים 2Chr 23:12 see 1). — Prov 29:6 for יָרֻן Pinsk Toy favour יָרוּץ.
b. runner = (royal messenger, post, late), רָץ Jer 51:31 (twice in verse) (|| מַגִּיד), compare Job 9:25 (as swift); הָרָצִים 2Chr 30:6; 2Chr 30:10; Esth 3:13; Esth 3:15, riders בַּסּוּסִים ׳הָר Esth 8:10, רֹבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ ׳הָר vEsth 8:14. Po`lel Imperfect 3 masculine plural יְרוֺצֵ֑צוּ Nah 2:5 they run swiftly, dart (like lightning; of chariots). Hiph`il cause to run:

1. bring, or move, quickly, Imperfect 3 masculine plural suffix וַיְרִיצֻהוּ, מִן local Gen 41:14 (E), read perhaps also 3 masculine singular וַיָּרֶץ 2Kgs 23:12 (accusative omitted; for ᵑ0 וַיָּרָץ see Qal); ל person, accusative of thing omitted וַיָּרִיצוּ 2Chr 35:13 Imperative masculine singular הָרֵץ 1Sam 17:17 (+ accusative of location, ל person); Imperfect 3 feminine singular תָּרִיץ יָדָיו Ps 68:32 quickly stretch out hands, לֵאלֹהִים (namely, with offerings).

2. with מֵעַל = drive away from, 1 singular, suffix 3 masculine singular, אֲרִיצֶנּוּ Jer 49:19, so read probably also in || Jer 50:44 (Qr אֲרִיצֵם, > Kt ארוצם).

BDB7973 H7442 H7323 H7444

רָנַן] verb give a ringing cry (onomatopoetic? compare Arabic cry aloud, also twang (of bowstring); Late Hebrew Pi`el murmur, complain, compare Jewish-Aramaic (not ᵑ7) ); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרוּן (Ges^{«GKC:67q»§ 67q}) Prov 29:6 (but read perhaps יָרוּץ, Pinsk Toy, see רוּץ 2); 3 feminine singular תָּרֹן Isa 35:6 3 masculine plural יָרֹ֫נוּ Isa 24:14 +, ׳וַיָּר Lev 9:24 3 feminine plural תָּרֹ֫נָּה Prov 1:20; Prov 8:3 Imperative feminine singular רָנִּי Isa 54:1 +, רֹ֫נִּי Isa 12:6 masculine plural רָנּוּ Jer 31:7 +; Infinitive construct בְּרָןֿ Job 38:7 — give a ringing cry:

1. in joy, exultation, || צָהַל Jer 31:7 (שִׂמְחָה ׳ר), Isa 12:6; Isa 24:14 (|| נָשָׂא קוֺל) Isa 54:1 (+רִנָּהפָּצַךְ); || הֵרִיעַ Zeph 3:14 (+שׂמח, עלז), Isa 44:23; Job 38:7 || שָׂמַח Zech 2:14; Ps 35:27; Prov 29:6 (see above); || גִּיל Isa 49:13 (+הֵרִים רִנָּה), || צָוַח Isa 42:11 opposed to צָעַק (cry in distress) Isa 65:14 (מִן of cause); Lev 9:24; Isa 35:6 (subject לָשׁוֺן). — Isa 61:7 is corrupt; read perhaps וָרֹק and spitting, Klo Che^Hpt.

2. in distress, Lam 2:19.

3. cry aloud, in summons, exhortation (of wisdom) Prov 1:20 (|| נָתַן קוֺל), Prov 8:3. Pi`el Perfect 3 plural consecutive וְרִנְּנוּ Jer 31:12; Jer 51:48 Imperfect 3 feminine singular חְרַנֵּן Ps 51:16, 3 masculine plural יְרַנְּנוּ Ps 84:3 +, יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ Ps 5:12 +; 3 feminine plural חְרַנֵּ֫נָּה Ps 71:23 (van d. H. תְּרַנֵּנָה), etc.; Imperative masculine plural רַנְּנוּ Isa 52:9 +; Infinitive absolute רַנֵּן Ps 132:16, construct id. Isa 35:2 — give a ringing cry, in joy, exultation, especially in praise to ׳י, Jer 31:12; Jer 51:48; Isa 26:19; Isa 35:2 (+גִּילַת, see גִּילָה), Isa 52:8 (|| נָשָׂא קוֺל) vIsa 52:9 (+פָּצַח); elsewhere only Psalms: Ps 5:12 (|| שָׂמַח, עָלַץ), Ps 67:5; Ps 90:14; Ps 92:5 (with ב of thing; all || ׳שׂ alone); Ps 149:5 (|| עָלַז); Ps 98:4 (|| הֵרִיעַ; +פָּצַח, זִמֵּר), Ps 132:9; Ps 145:7, רַנֵּן יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ Ps 132:16 with accusative of theme Ps 51:16; Ps 59:17 (|| שִׁיר); ׳בי Ps 33:1 ב of thing Ps 20:6; Ps 63:8; Ps 89:13 with ׳לי Ps 95:1 (|| הֵרִיעַ), אֶלאֵֿל Ps 84:3, ׳(מִ)לפני י Ps 96:12 (|| עָלַז) = 1Chr 16:33 (|| עָלַץ), Ps 98:8 subject שְׂכָּתַיִם Ps 71:23 (|| זִמֵּר). Pu`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular impersonal לֹא יְרֻנָּן Isa 16:10 no ringing cry shall be given (|| יְרֹעַ֑ע). Hiph`il Imperfect cause to ring out for joy, 1 singular לֵב אַלְמָנָה אַרְנִן Job 29:13 2 masculine singular בֹקֶר וָעֶרֶב תַּרְנִין ׳מוֺצָאֵ Ps 65:9 Imperative masculine plural הַרְנִינוּ ring out a cry of joy Ps 32:11 (|| שׂמח, גיל), ׳לי Ps 81:2 (|| הריע); with accusative of theme, עַמּוֺ Deut 32:43 (see Dr; compare Pi`el). —

Hithpo`1el Ps 78:65 compare רון.

sing, rejoice, joy, aloud, out, …

rānan

properly, to creak (or emit a stridulous sound), i.e., to shout (usually for joy)

to overcome

(Hithpolel) to be overcome

(Qal)

to give a ringing cry (in joy, exaltation, distress)

כָּל

Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: shall all

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69

More options

all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.

every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.

whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.

any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.

each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.

entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHM^{Epigr. Denk. 36-38}; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Kö^{i. 84, 95}); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
(a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
(b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
(a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
(b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
(c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges^{«GKC:141»§ 141}. 1 R. 2).

2. Absolutely:
a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
b. with art. הַכֹּל:
(a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
(b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, the whole

all, the whole of

עֲצֵי

Root word wood, tree, trees, timber, stick, …

Dictionary form: עֵץ · ayts

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the trees

wood ×57 tree ×41 trees ×32 the trees ×26 of wood ×13 the tree ×13 the wood ×11 the gallows ×7

More options

tree — Best for living, standing specimens in narrative or poetry.

wood — Best for the material substance or cut lumber.

timber — Use for construction-grade or structural wood.

stick — Prefer for small, discrete pieces or rods.

pole — Good for upright posts, including execution poles/gallows.

plank — Use when flat, sawn boards are in view.

BDB6281 H6086

עֵץ₃₂₉ noun masculine^{Gen 2:9} tree, trees, wood; — ׳ע absolute Gen 3:3 +, construct Gen 3:24 +, עֵץֿ Gen 2:16 +; suffix ֵעצְךָ Deut 28:42, etc.; plural עֵצִים Judg 9:8 +, construct עֲצֵי Isa 7:2 +, suffix עֵצֶיךָ Deut 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Lam 5:4, etc.; —

1. (c. 150 t.)
a. a standing tree Gen 18:4; Gen 18:8 (J) +, Exod 15:25 (J; of shrub ?), Jer 17:18 = Ps 1:3 (simile); to be felled Deut 19:5; 2Kgs 6:6 הָעֵצִים (apparently including vine and bramble) in allegory Judg 9:8 + 6 t. Judg 9 עֵץ הַחַיִּים Gen 2:9; Gen 3:22; Gen 3:24 (J), compare חַיִּים ׳ע figurative of source of (life and) happiness Prov 3:18; Prov 11:30; Prov 13:12; Prov 15:4 הַדַּעַת טוֺב וָדָע ׳ע Gen 2:9; Gen 2:16 (J); עֲצֵי (ה)יַעַר Isa 7:2 (simile), Isa 44:14; Ezek 15:2 +; עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Isa 55:12; Ezek 17:24 (figurative), +; עֲצֵי לְבָנוֺן 2Chr 2:7 עֲצֵימַֿיִם Ezek 31:14 ׳עֲצֵי י Ps 104:16 עֲצֵי עֵדֶן Ezek 31:9; Ezek 31:16; Ezek 31:18 (twice in verse); עֲצֵי לְבוֺנָה Song 4:14 of vine עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ezek 15:2; Ezek 15:6 תַּחַת כָּלעֵֿץ רַעֲנָ֑ן place of illicit worship Deut 12:2; Jer 2:20; Jer 3:6; Jer 3:13; 1Kgs 14:23; 2Kgs 16:4; 2Kgs 17:10; Ezek 6:13; Isa 57:5; 2Chr 28:4, compare עַלעֵֿץ רַעֲנָן Jer 17:2 כָּלעַֿץ עָבֹת Ezek 20:28.
b. collective trees, עֵץהַֿגָּן Gen 2:16; Gen 3:1; Gen 3:2; Gen 3:8 (all J); usually later, ׳י Gen 1:12; Gen 1:29 (twice in verse) (P), +; עֵץ פְּרִי fruit-bearing trees Gen 1:11 (P), Ps 148:9, compare Eccl 2:5, פְּרי עֵץ Exod 10:15 (J), Ezek 36:30; Lev 23:40 (H), compare Joel 2:22 עֵץמַֿאֲכָל Deut 20:20; Lev 19:23 (H), Ezek 47:12; Neh 9:25 עֵץ הַזַּיִת Hag 2:19 olive trees, עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Neh 8:15, עֵץשָֿׁ֑מֶן Isa 41:19 סֲבָחעֵֿץ Ps 74:5 thicket of trees; עֵץ הַשָּׂרֶה Exod 9:25 (J), +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר Ezek 15:6, compare Isa 10:19; Isa 44:23 כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Isa 65:22 (simile of great age).
c. plural of trees felled for building, 1Kgs 5:20; 1Kgs 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים); עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים 2Sam 5:11 = 1Chr 14:1 + 7 t.; עֲצֵי בְרוֺשִׁים Jer 52:22; Jer 52:24; Jer 9:11 ׅ׳עֲצֵי לְמֻגִּים (אַלְגּ, see ׳אַלְגּ above

2. (approximately 175 times; approximately 120 times plural, to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)
a. wood, as material; for building, 2Kgs 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַתְצֵב), 2Kgs 22:6 = 2Chr 34:11 (both + id.), Neh 2:8 +; עֲצֵי שָׁ֑מֶן 1Kgs 6:23; 1Kgs 6:31; 1Kgs 6:33 compare v1Kgs 6:32 עֲצֵיגֹּֿפֶר Gen 6:14 (Noah's ark), עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים Exod 25:5; Exod 25:10 + 20 t. Exodus (of tabernacle and its furniture; all P) Deut 10:3 מִגְדַּלעֵֿץ Neh 8:4 מוֺטִת עֵץ Jer 28:13 (in figurative; opposed to בַּרְזֶל ׳מ); כְּלִיעֵֿץ article of wood Lev 11:32; Lev 15:12; Num 31:20, compare Num 35:18 (all P). Hence
b. עֵצִים = articles of wood Exod 7:19 (P; || אֲבָנִים), 1Chr 29:2 so עֲצֵי בְרוֺשִׁים 2Sam 6:5 (but see בְּרוֺשׁ near the end); specifically הָעֵץ = helve of axe Deut 19:5 עֵץ חֲנִית(וֺׅ 1Sam 17:7 Qr (Kt חֵץ) = 1Chr 20:5; 2Sam 21:19; 2Sam 23:7 עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה 1Sam 6:14 (i.e. wood of which cart was made), עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Judg 6:26 especially timbers of a house Zech 5:4; Hab 2:11; Lev 14:45, of a city 1Kgs 15:22 = 2Chr 16:5; Ezek 26:12 עֵץ of pole on which bodies of slain (criminals and others) were exposed (perhaps originally trees) Gen 40:19 (E), Josh 8:29 (twice in verse); Josh 10:26 (twice in verse); Josh 10:27 (all J E), Deut 21:22; Deut 21:23 late (in Persian) used for executing criminals (? by hanging = gallows), תָּלָח עַלעֵֿץ Esth 2:23 + 8 t. Esther.
c. of idols, עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Deut 4:28; Deut 28:36; Deut 28:64; Deut 29:16; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19; Ezek 20:32, compare Jer 2:27; Jer 3:9; Hab 2:19 so עֵץ alone Hos 4:12; Isa 40:20, of.Isa 44:19; Isa 45:20 אֲשֵׁרָה כָּלעֵֿץ Deut 16:21.
d. (fire-) wood Josh 9:23; Josh 9:27 (J), vJosh 9:21 (P), Deut 19:5; Isa 30:33 +, read עֵצִים also Ezek 24:5 (for ᵑ0 עצמים) Bö Ew Sm Co Berthol Toy; especially for sacrifices 1Kgs 18:23 (twice in verse) +, Gen 22:7; Gen 22:9 (twice in verse); Lev 1:7 + 6 t. Leviticus (all P), 2Sam 24:22 || 1Chr 21:23, +; עֲצֵי עוֺלָה Gen 22:3; Gen 22:6 (P).
e. עֵץ (הָ)אֶרֶז cedar-wood, used in purifications Lev 14:4; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:49; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:6 (all P). feminine פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Josh 2:6 woody-flax, i.e. flax on the stalk. — Jer 10:8 Gie proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for ᵑ0 הֲבָלִים עִץ הוּא. — מֹאֶסֶת כָּלעֵֿץ Ezek 21:15 is dubious, Sm proposes מָאֵסְתָּ כָלעֵֿץ, Co מֹאֲסֵי כָלעֹֿז, Berthol וּמְנַסֵּף כָּלעַֿז; Siegf^{Kau Toy leave untranslated}.

BDB9330 H636 H6086

אָע noun masculine^{Ezra 5:8} wood (so ᵑ7, for עָע; Egyptian Aramaic עק S-C^H5; Biblical Hebrew עֵץ, √ II. עצה); —

1. absolute ׳א timber, for building Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4 beam vEzra 6:11.

2. emphatic אָעָא wood, material of idols Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23.

wood, tree, trees, timber, stick, …

ʿēṣ

a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)

tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows

tree, trees

יָֽעַר

Root word forest, wood, woods, forests, honeycomb

Dictionary form: יַעַר · ya-AR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the wood

of the forest ×15 in the forest ×5 of the wood ×5 in the wood ×3 of his forest ×2 out of the forest ×2 the forest ×2 the wood ×2

More options

forest — Best default; suits large, dense, or named woodlands.

woodland — Softer tone; good for smaller or less imposing wooded areas.

woods — Informal, everyday register; natural in narrative prose.

thicket — Emphasizes dense undergrowth; useful in vivid or poetic contexts.

wildwood — Literary/poetic register; evokes untamed, ancient wilderness.

BDB3640 H3264 H3293

I. יַ֫עַר noun masculine^{2Sam 18:8} wood, forest, thicket (MI²¹ plural היערן (= proper name, of a location ?); Phoenician יער and יר, compare DHM in MV (10) 983; Aramaic יַעֲרָא, wood, thicket; Assyrian âru Dl^{HWB 230}, compare Jäger^{BAS i, 476}) — absolute ַ֫ יעַר Isa 7:2 +; יָ֑עַר Mic 3:12 +; with ה locative יַעֲרָה Josh 17:15 construct ַ֫ יעַר 2Sam 18:6 יַעְרָהּ Jer 46:23, etc.; plural יְעָרִים Ezra 2:25 + 4 t. (including Ezek 34:25 Qr, so Co); יְעָרוֺת Ps 29:9 —
a. wood, forest, wooded height, with trees to be felled Josh 17:15 (with עלה go up to), vJosh 17:18 (J), Deut 19:5 (not elsewhere Hexateuch); עֵץ מִיַּעַר כְּרָתוֺ Jer 10:13 as wood out of a forest he hath cut it; יחטבו מןהֿיערים Ezek 39:10 (עצים מןהֿשׂדה in || clause); as producing trees יער צוֺמֵחַ עֵצִים Eccl 2:6 in designation of Solomon's palace בֵּית יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֺן 1Kgs 7:2 (on structure of this house see Sta^{Salomos Bauten, ZAW 1883, 150}), 1Kgs 10:17; 1Kgs 10:21 = 2Chr 9:16; 2Chr 9:20 compare בֵּית הַיָּ֫עַר Isa 22:8 figurative of foes to be cut down and destroyed נִקַּף סִבְכֵי היער Isa 10:34 כָּֽרְתוּ יַעְרָהּ Jer 46:23 so Isa 32:19 and יער הַבָּצִו֯ר Zech 11:2 (read Kt הַבָּצוּר inaccessible forest).
b. as hiding-place for fugitive 1Sam 22:5 lurking-place of wild beasts Amos 3:4; Mic 5:7; 2Kgs 2:24; Jer 5:6; Jer 12:8; Isa 56:9; Ps 50:10; Ps 80:14; Ps 104:20, compare Ezek 34:25 (read Qr, see above)
c. stripped by voice of ׳י Ps 29:9 devoured by fire Isa 9:17 (׳סִבְכֵי הַיּ; figurative of the people); so in metaphor or simile of ׳י's judgements Isa 10:18 (כְּבוֺד יַעְרוֺ, figurative of Assyr.), Jer 21:14; Ezek 21:2; Ezek 21:3 (see below) Ps 83:15.
d. opposed to כַּרְמֶל (garden-land) Isa 29:17; Isa 32:15 but also יַעַר כַּרְמִלּוֺ his garden woodland 2Kgs 19:23 = Isa 37:24, and יַעַר בְּתוֺךְ כַּרְמֶל Mic 7:14 (secluded and fertile abode for flock, figurative of people, see Che; Hi-St thinks of sacred grove).
e. = thicket, especially as symbol of desolation Hos 2:14 בָּמוֺת יער thicket-covered heights (overgrown with bushes and trees) Mic 3:12 = Jer 26:18 also בַּיַּעַר בּעֲרַב Isa 21:13 in the thicket (or bushes, so VB) in Arabia must ye lodge, caravans of Dedanites. feminine עֲצֵי (ה)יער trees of the forest Isa 7:2 (in sim), Isa 10:19 (יַעְרוֺ שְׁאָר עֵץ, figurative), Isa 44:14; Ezek 15:2, also vEzek 15:6 (עֵץ היער), Song 2:3 (in simile); figurative, as singing before ׳י Ps 96:12 = 1Chr 16:33; Isa 44:23 (יער וְכָלעֵֿץ בּוֺ).
g. particular forests are: יער אפרים 2Sam 18:6, see אֶפְרַיִם above; compare v2Sam 18:18 v2Sam 18:17 (see also Josh 17:15; Josh 17:18); יַעַר חָ֑רֶת 1Sam 22:5 (see above); יַעַר לְבָנוֺן (see above); יַעַר הַשָּׂדֶה נֶגֶב and יַעַר הַנָּגֶב Ezek 21:2; Ezek 21:3 (see above) figurative of Judah (land and people); see also יְעָרִים below — שְׂדֵיָֿ֑ יעַר Ps 132:6 is a proper name, of a location (but Bae thinks appellative 'auf waldigem Gefilcle'), see קִרְיַת יְעָרִים. On 1Sam 14:25; 1Sam 14:26, see II. יער. — יעורים Ezek 34:25 Kt, read יְעָרִים Qr, see above

BDB3642 H3293

II. יַ֫עַר noun [masculine] honeycomb, — absolute יַעַר 1Sam 14:25; 1Sam 14:26 suffix יַעְרִי Song 5:1 — honeycomb, containing honey 1Sam 14:25 (where read וְיַעַר הָיָה עַלפְּֿנֵּי הַשָּׂדֶה with ᵐ5 We Dr Kit in Kau^{AT, instead of} see as in MT); וַיָּבוֺא העם אֶלהַֿיַּעַר 1Sam 14:26 (|| דבשׁ1Sam 14:25) and when the people came to the honeycomb behold its bees had departed (see ᵐ5 We Dr Kit VB); אָכַלְתִּי יַעְרִי עִםדִּֿבְשִׁי Song 5:1 see also I. יַעֲרָה.

forest, wood, woods, forests, honeycomb

yaʿar

a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees)

forest, wood, thicket, wooded height

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5937

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7704

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3605

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tr

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H834

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Grammar R/Sp3ms

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H227

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vpi3mp

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7442

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3605

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6086

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3293

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV