1 Kings 4:13

בֶּן גֶּ֖בֶר בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד ל֡וֹ חַוֹּת֩ יָאִ֨יר בֶּן מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּגִּלְעָ֗ד ל֚וֹ חֶ֤בֶל אַרְגֹּב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן שִׁשִּׁים֙ עָרִ֣ים גְּדֹל֔וֹת חוֹמָ֖ה וּבְרִ֥יחַ נְחֹֽשֶׁת
The son of Geber, in Ramoth-gilead; to him pertained the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with walls and brasen bars:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

בֶּן
בֶּן
Root word fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …
Dictionary form: אָב · awb

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

his father ×133 of their fathers ×94 his fathers ×86 my father ×80 thy father ×51 of the fathers ×44 the father ×41 their fathers ×30
More options
father — Default choice; direct, natural, widely understood.
ancestor — Prefer when referring to distant forebears or lineage.
forefather — Slightly more formal; good for ancestral or covenantal contexts.
patriarch — Use for tribal or clan heads with religious authority.
family head — Highlights household-leader role in social/legal contexts.
founder — Suits contexts emphasizing originating or establishing a line.

BDB17 H1

BDB16 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB18

אָב1191 noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CISiv, 1, 37 1. 2 and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Gen 44:19 + 47 t.; construct אַב Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge§§ 90, 3b, 96) Gen 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Gen 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gen 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gen 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judg 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exod 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exod 6:25 + 7 t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Gen 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1Chr 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exod 4:5 + 106 t. etc.; —

1. father of individual Gen 2:24 (+ אֵם) Gen 11:28; Gen 11:29 (twice in verse); Gen 19:31; Gen 19:32; Gen 19:33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Gen 50:16 (J) Jer 35:6 f Prov 6:20 (compare Gen 18:19 J Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 P 1Sam 17:20; 1Kgs 2:1); instructing מוסר Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1 (compare Deut 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Prov 23:22; Zech 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isa 45:10 compare Gen 49:4 (J) Lev 18:7; Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11 (P); rebuking Gen 37:10 loving Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (J E; compare Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; 2Sam 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in simile compare 2Sam 18:5); blessing Gen 27:41 (J E compare Gen 27:4 also Gen 28:1 P +); as glad Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20 compare Prov 29:3 grieving Gen 37:35 (J E; compare 2Sam 12:22; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exod 20:12 (E) = Deut 5:16; Exod 21:15; Exod 21:17 (E) Deut 21:18; Deut 21:19; Gen 28:7 (P) 1Kgs 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Kgs 50:1; 1Kgs 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).
2. of God as father of his people (see RSSem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deut 32:6; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:19; Jer 31:9; Isa 63:16 (twice in verse); Isa 64:7; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:10 (compare Exod 4:22; Exod 19:4 (JE) Deut 32:11; Hos 11:1); compare Jer 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2Sam 7:14; Ps 89:27 f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (compare Ps 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)
3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gen 38:11 (twice in verse); Lev 22:13 +; = family Gen 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) Gen 41:51; Gen 46:31 + compare Num 18:1; Num 18:2; Josh 2:12; Josh 2:18; Josh 6:25 especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֺת Num 3:30; Num 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exod 6:14) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:18 ff (often in Numbers) Josh 14:1; Josh 19:51; Josh 21:1 (twice in verse); Josh 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1Chr 5:13; 1Chr 5:15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exod 6:25 compare 1Kgs 8:1; 1Chr 6:4; 1Chr 7:11 + often Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah.
4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gen 28:13; Gen 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:13 great-greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Gen 15:15; Gen 46:34 (JE) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Kgs 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 11:21; 1Kgs 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:24; 1Kgs 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24; 2Kgs 15:38 compare v2Kgs 15:7, 2Kgs 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exod 10:6 compare Dan 11:24 (b) of people Gen 10:21 (J) Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (P) Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J) Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P) Deut 26:5; Isa 51:2; Isa 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezek 16:3; Ezek 16:45 + often; plural Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16 (E) Deut 1:8; Josh 1:6; Judg 2:1; 1Sam 12:6 +; 1Sam 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.
5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gen 4:20; Gen 4:21.
6. figurative of producer, generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).
7. figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18 of Eliakim Isa 22:21 perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isa 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue BrMP).
8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2Kgs 5:13 priest Judg 17:10; Judg 18:19 prophet 2Kgs 2:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:21; 2Kgs 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2Kgs 8:9 counsellor Gen 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esth 3:13 τῷ πατρί 1 Mac Esth 11:32); king 1Sam 24:12 artificer 2Chr 2:12; 2Chr 4:16.
9. specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1Chr 2:24; 1Chr 2:42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew§ 273 b) see also EwGeschichte. i. 524. H i. 365. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see CheEncy. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITH Nöib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45.

fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …
ʾāb
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
  • father of an individual
    • "of God as father of his people"head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan"ancestor
    • grandfather, forefathers (of a person)
      • "of people
    originator or patron of a class, profession, or art"of producer, generator (figuratively)"of benevolence and protection (figuratively)"term of respect and honor"ruler or chief (specifically)

גֶּ֖בֶר
גֶּ֖בֶר
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The son of geber")
Dictionary form: בֶּן־גֶּבֶר · ben ɡeh-BER

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the son of geber
the son of geber ×1
More options
Ben-Geber — Standard modern rendering of this proper name.
Son of Geber — Transparent literal rendering; clarifies the patronymic meaning.
Ben Geber — Hyphen-free form, used in some modern translations.

BDB1164 H1127

BDB1163 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1165

בֶּןגֶּֿ֫בֶר proper name, masculine (son of a man, or of Geber) an officer of Solomon 1Kgs 4:13.

geber
ben geber
the son of Geber, the son of a man
Ben-Geber, an Israelite
  • an officer of Solomon

בְּ רָמֹ֣ת
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
רָמֹ֣ת
Root word a name — transliterate it
Dictionary form: רָמֹת גִּלעָד · raw-MOTE ɡil-AWD

Noun — Proper Name

ramoth-gilead ×7 to ramoth-gilead ×6 at ramoth-gilead ×3 ramoth ×2 in ramoth-gilead ×1 me to ramoth-gilead ×1
More options
Ramoth-Gilead — Standard modern spelling; best for most translations.
Ramoth Gilead — Unhyphenated form preferred in some modern Bible versions.
Ramoth in Gilead — Clarifies geographic relationship; useful in narrative contexts.
Ramoth — Short form; use when context already establishes the region.

BDB7813 H7216 H7433 H1568 H7414 H7418 H7432 H3406

BDB7812 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7814

רָ(א)מוֺת26 proper name

1. location Heights, Ramôth; —
  a. in Gilead, רָמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד Josh 21:38 (Gi; van d. H. Baer vJosh 21:36 P), ׳רָאמוֺת בַּגּ (of Gad) Deut 4:43; 1Chr 6:65, ׳רָאמֹת בַּגּ Josh 20:8 (P), Ραμωθ [Josh 20:8 Αρημωθ] ἐν (Τῇ) Γαλααδ; usually ׳רָמת ג (Ρεμμαθ [Ερεμαθ, Ραμωθ, Ραμα(θ)] Γαλ., etc.) 1Kgs 4:13 + 19 t. Kings Chronicles (see גִּלְעָד 1 d); = II. רָמָה 5, q. v.; site dubious; Onomasticon (Lag287. 91) 15 miles west of Philadelphia [Jerome Ib.145. 1Kgs 145:31 says E!], hence DiGen 31:54 BuhlG. 261 f. conjectures el-Jal`aud, approximately 17 English miles northwest of Philadelphia, and 3 miles South of Yabbok; SmerrillEast of Jordan, 284 ff.; Hast. DB. RAMOTH G. conjectures (on general grounds) Jesrash, approximately 28 miles north of Philadelphia; GASmG. 586 some place just south of Yarmuk, compare GACooke in DrDt Add. xviii f., q. v. especially against es-Sal‰ Seetzen and others).
  b. רָמוֺתנֶֿגֶב 1Sam 30:27, see רָאׅמַׅת
3.
  c. רָאמוֺת, Levitical City in Issachar 1Chr 6:58 (Δαβωρ, ᵐ5L Ραμωθ), probably = רֶ֫מֶת Josh 19:21 (P; Ρεμμας, A Ραμαθ), and יַרְמוּת 2, Josh 21:29, q. v. p.438 (see also DiJosh 19:21).
2. masculine (וְ)רָמוֺת Ezra 10:29 Qr (Kt ירמות) see יְרֵימוֺת 5 c, p.438.

ramoth-gilead, ramoth
rāmōt gilʿād
heights
Ramoth-Gilad, a place East of the Jordan
  • (n pr m) an Israelite who had a foreign wife in the time of Ezra
    • "(n pr loc) Ramoth-gilead—a place in Gilead
    • site dubious

גִּלְעָ֑ד
גִּלְעָ֑ד
Root word a name — transliterate it ("In ramoth-gilead")
Dictionary form: גִּלְעָד · ɡil-AWD

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: in ramoth-gilead
of gilead ×50 gilead ×25 in gilead ×10 and gilead ×6 to gilead ×2 and gileads ×1 and the gileadites ×1 are in gilead ×1
More options
Gilead — Standard proper name for the region; use in most contexts.
the region of Gilead — Clarifies geographic scope when context is ambiguous.
the territory of Gilead — Formal; suits legal or boundary-description passages.
Gileadite — For the gentillic/ethnic sense referring to inhabitants.
the hill country of Gilead — Highlights topographic character when landscape is in view.
Ramoth-gilead — Retain compound form when the city specifically is meant.

BDB1670 H1568

BDB1669 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1671

גִּלְעָד proper name, of a location of mountain-range or hill-country, land & city, east of Jordan (compare Arabic durus, fortis Frey, so Thes; HiGeschichte. Israel 26 compare same √ used of camel ( camelus robustus ac firmus, compare HomNS 144), whence camel hump, originally name of mountain) — ׳ג Gen 37:25 + 79 t. (mostly as proper name, masculine and in combination with other proper name, of a location compare below); ׳הַגּ Gen 31:21 + 50 t. (so usually as name of mountain and land); גִּלְעָ֫דָה Num 32:39; 1Chr 27:21 הִגְּלְעָ֫דָה 2Sam 24:6 — Gilead, used of territory between the Arnon and the Jabbok, modern Bel‡a; also of that between the Jabbok and the Jarmuk, modern Jebel Ajlûn; also of the entire east Jordan land occupied by Israel, including both the parts just named (compare Di Gen 31:54 Stu Judg 10:4 BdPal 178; also L. OliphantLand of Gilead, 1880); —

1. territory south of Jabbok,
  a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Num 32:29 (P), ׳אֶרֶץ ג vNum 32:1 (JE), both connected with Reuben and Gad; so ׳חֲצִי הַר הַגּ Deut 3:12 ׳אֶרֶץ ג also 1Chr 5:9 (of Reuben); 1Kgs 4:19 (of Sihon and Og); compare ׳אֶרֶץ גַּד וְג 1Sam 13:7 further,
  b. ׳הַגּ alone, Judg 10:17 (or possibly here name of city ?), Judg 11:29 (probably); also 1Chr 5:10 (of Reuben) v1Chr 5:16 (of Gad); compare חֲצִי וְעַד יַבֹּק ׳הַגּ Josh 12:2 (of Sihon), so vJosh 12:5 (both D);
  c. similarly ׳ג alone (without article) in poetry Ps 60:9 (|| Manasseh) = Ps 108:9 but also in prose in phrases ׳שָׂרֵי ג Judg 10:18, ׳ישְׁבֵי ג vJudg 10:18; Judg 11:8, ׳זִקְנֵי ג Judg 11:5; Judg 11:7; Judg 11:8; Judg 11:9; Judg 11:10; Judg 11:11, ׳אַנְשֵׁי ג Judg 12:4 (twice in verse); Judg 12:5 compare also
  d. עָרֵי ׳הַגּ Num 32:26 (J E; of Reuben and Gad); so of Jephthah's burial-place Judg 12:7 even כָּלעָֿרֵי ׳הַגּ Josh 13:25 (P; of Gad); besides these, or particular cities, especially ׳רָאמֹת בַּגּ Deut 4:43 (of Gad); compare ׳רָאמוֺת בַּגּ Josh 20:8 (P), 1Chr 6:65 (of Gad), and ׳רָמֹת בַּגּ Josh 21:38 (P); usually ׳רָמֹת ג 1Kgs 4:13; 1Kgs 22:3; 1Kgs 22:4; 1Kgs 22:6; 1Kgs 22:12; 1Kgs 22:15; 1Kgs 22:20; 1Kgs 22:29 = 2Chr 18:2; 2Chr 18:3; 2Chr 18:5; 2Chr 18:11; 2Chr 18:14; 2Chr 18:19; 2Chr 18:28; 2Kgs 8:28; 2Kgs 9:1; 2Kgs 9:4; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 22:5 also ׳מִצְפֵּה ג Judg 11:29 (twice in verse); further ׳יַעְזֵיר ג 1Chr 26:31.
2. Northern Gilead,
  a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Josh 17:5; Josh 17:6 (J E; of Manasseh) compare Judg 10:4; 1Chr 2:22 (both of Jair); ׳הַר הַגּ Gen 31:21; Gen 31:23; Gen 31:25 (E); probably also ׳הַר ג (no article) Song 4:1 (compare Song 6:5 below).
  b. ׳הַגּ alone Num 32:40 (J E; of Machir) Josh 17:1 (J E; id.) compare Josh 13:11 (D) Deut 2:36; 1Kgs 4:13 (of Jair); Deut 3:15; Deut 3:16 (boundary of Reuben and Gad); probably also Song 6:5 (compare Song 4:1 above); compare ׳יֶתֶר הַגּ Deut 3:13 & ׳חֲצִי הַגּ Josh 13:31 (P; of Machir); הַגִּלְעָ֫דָה 2Sam 24:6 (probably); compare also
  c. ׳ג (no article) probably Jer 8:22; Jer 46:11 (in both reference to צֳרִי balm, probably from the wooded Northern Gilead); similarly Jer 22:6 and גִּלְעָ֫דָה 1Chr 27:21 also Num 32:39 (J E; of Machir).
  d. in combination ׳יָבֵשׁ ג (city) Judg 21:8; Judg 21:9; Judg 21:10; Judg 21:12; Judg 21:14; 1Sam 11:1; 1Sam 11:9 (|| יָבֵשׁ alone) 1Sam 31:11 (|| id.) = 1Chr 10:11; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 2:5; 2Sam 21:12 perhaps also ׳(מִ)תִּשְׁבֵּה ג 1Kgs 17:1 (emendation, after ᵐ5, Ew Th and others see VB); — compare further below
6. proper name, masculine below — Judg 7:3 ׳וְיִצְפֹּר מֵהַר הַגּ and let him depart from Mt. Gilead, apparently belongs here, but מֵהַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ is read by Cler Hi Gr Ke Be; against this compare Stu BuRS 112.
3. more generally, of all Gilead,
  a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Josh 22:9; Josh 22:13; Josh 22:15; Josh 22:32 (P; of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh; opposed to land of Canaan); compare 2Sam 17:26 so ׳כָּלאֶֿרֶץ הַגּ 2Kgs 10:38.
  b. ׳אֶרֶץ ג (no article) Zech 10:10 compare ׳הַר אֶפְרַיִם וְג Jer 50:19 (|| Carmel and Bashan); ׳ג alone, also Gen 37:25 likewise Mic 7:14 (|| Carmel & Bashan, reference to fertility).
  c. ׳הַגּ alone, of Israel territory in general east of Jordan, Judg 10:8 compare 2Sam 2:9; 2Kgs 10:33 (of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh); ׳כָּלהַֿגּ Deut 3:10 אֶתכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳אֶתהַֿגּ Deut 34:1 ׳הַגּ also in general sense Ezek 47:18; 2Kgs 15:29 (?) Obad 1:19.
4. ׳ג, name of a city Hos 6:8 (& Judg 10:17 ? compare
1. a. above); — on the ruined cities Jil±âd, Jil±aud on the Jebel Jil±âd, north of Es-Sal‰, and south of Jabbo‡ see Di Gen 31:54 & references
5. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ of Israelites living east of Jordan (as a whole) Judg 20:1 ׳הַגּ of people of Gilead Amos 1:3; Amos 1:13 so ׳ג Judg 5:17 (= גַּד), Judg 12:4; Judg 12:5 (|| ׳אַנְשֵׁי ג vJudg 12:4 vJudg 12:4 vJudg 12:5) Hos 12:12. compare also גִּלְעָדִי below
6. treated as proper name, masculine a. ׳ג, son of Machir & grandson of Manasseh Num 26:29 (twice in verse); Num 26:30; Num 27:1; Num 36:1; Josh 17:3 (all P) 1Chr 2:21; 1Chr 2:23; 1Chr 7:14; 1Chr 7:17 once ׳הַגּ Josh 17:1 (JE) compare Di; — reference in all these to Northern Gilead.
  b. father of Jephthah Judg 11:1; Judg 11:2 — reference to Gad (compare above especially below 5).
  c. 1Chr 5:14 (a Gadite).

BDB7813 H7216 H7433 H1568 H7414 H7418 H7432 H3406

BDB7812 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7814

רָ(א)מוֺת26 proper name

1. location Heights, Ramôth; —
  a. in Gilead, רָמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד Josh 21:38 (Gi; van d. H. Baer vJosh 21:36 P), ׳רָאמוֺת בַּגּ (of Gad) Deut 4:43; 1Chr 6:65, ׳רָאמֹת בַּגּ Josh 20:8 (P), Ραμωθ [Josh 20:8 Αρημωθ] ἐν (Τῇ) Γαλααδ; usually ׳רָמת ג (Ρεμμαθ [Ερεμαθ, Ραμωθ, Ραμα(θ)] Γαλ., etc.) 1Kgs 4:13 + 19 t. Kings Chronicles (see גִּלְעָד 1 d); = II. רָמָה 5, q. v.; site dubious; Onomasticon (Lag287. 91) 15 miles west of Philadelphia [Jerome Ib.145. 1Kgs 145:31 says E!], hence DiGen 31:54 BuhlG. 261 f. conjectures el-Jal`aud, approximately 17 English miles northwest of Philadelphia, and 3 miles South of Yabbok; SmerrillEast of Jordan, 284 ff.; Hast. DB. RAMOTH G. conjectures (on general grounds) Jesrash, approximately 28 miles north of Philadelphia; GASmG. 586 some place just south of Yarmuk, compare GACooke in DrDt Add. xviii f., q. v. especially against es-Sal‰ Seetzen and others).
  b. רָמוֺתנֶֿגֶב 1Sam 30:27, see רָאׅמַׅת
3.
  c. רָאמוֺת, Levitical City in Issachar 1Chr 6:58 (Δαβωρ, ᵐ5L Ραμωθ), probably = רֶ֫מֶת Josh 19:21 (P; Ρεμμας, A Ραμαθ), and יַרְמוּת 2, Josh 21:29, q. v. p.438 (see also DiJosh 19:21).
2. masculine (וְ)רָמוֺת Ezra 10:29 Qr (Kt ירמות) see יְרֵימוֺת 5 c, p.438.

gilead, gileadites, gileads, ramoth-gilead
gilʿād
rocky region
Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
  • (n pr loc) a mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon; sometimes called 'Mount Gilead' or the 'land of Gilead' or just 'Gilead'. Divided into north and south Gilead
    • "a city (with prefix 'Jabesh')"the people of the region"(n pr m) son of Machir and grandson of Manasseh"father of Jephthah"a Gadite

ל ֡וֹ
ל
Preposition to, for
֡וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Preposition

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

חַוֺּת
חַוֺּת
Root word towns
Dictionary form: חַוָּה · ha-WAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: to him pertained the towns
the towns ×2 the small towns ×1 to him pertained the towns ×1
More options
village — Most natural modern equivalent; small, rural settlement.
settlement — Neutral term; suits unwalled or semi-permanent communities.
hamlet — Emphasizes smallness; good for poetic or narrative register.
encampment — Highlights nomadic or tent-based origins of the term.
outpost — Use when the location has a frontier or dependent character.

BDB2596 H2333 H2334

BDB2595 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2597

II. [חַוָּה] noun feminine tent-village — Plural חַוֹּתֵיהֶם Num 32:41 (JE), compare Di. Elsewhere in compound appellative, almost = proper name חַוֹּת יָאִיר Deut 3:14; Josh 13:30 (D), Judg 10:4; 1Kgs 4:13; 1Chr 2:23. — I. חַוָּה proper name, feminine see above

towns
ḥawwâ
by implication, an encampment or village
  • village, town, tent village

יָאִ֨יר
יָאִ֨יר
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of jair")
Dictionary form: יָאִיר · yaw-EER

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of jair
of jair ×4 jair ×3 and jair ×2
More options
Jair — Standard modern spelling of this proper name.
Ya'ir — Transliterated form; preferred in academic or Hebrew-oriented texts.
Yair — Simplified transliteration common in modern Israeli contexts.

BDB248 H2971

BDB247 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB249

יָאִיר proper name, masculine (he enlightens, or one giving light).

1. son of Manasseh Num 32:41 (twice in verse); Deut 3:14 (twice in verse); Josh 13:30; 1Kgs 4:13; 1Chr 2:22; 1Chr 2:23.
2. a judge in Gilead Judg 10:3; Judg 10:4; Judg 10:5.
3. father of Mordecai Esth 2:5.

jair
yāʾîr
he enlightens
Jair, the name of four Israelites
  • a descendant of Manasseh who conquered many towns during the time of the conquest
    • "the Gileadite, a judge of Israel for 22 years during the time of the judges; father of 30 sons"a Benjamite, son of Kish, and father of Mordecai"father of Elhanan, one of David's mighty warriors

בֶּן
בֶּן
Root word son, children, sons, old, first, …
Dictionary form: בֵּן · bane

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the son
the son ×1140 the children ×607 of the children ×309 his son ×206 son ×179 the sons ×177 and the children ×160 sons ×155
More options
son — Core meaning; use for a single male offspring.
children — Preferred when the group is mixed or age is stressed.
sons — Use for a male plural or tribal/genealogical list.
descendants — Best for extended lineage or collective ethnic groups.
members — Idiomatic for constructs like 'members of the community/guild'.
young — Use for animal offspring or 'young of' constructions.

BDB1160 H1121

BDB1159 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1161

בֵּן4870 noun masculine son (MI Phoenician בן; so Sabean CISiv. No. 2, compare בני DHMSemitic Sprachforsch. 6; Arabic ; Assyrian bin (u), LyonSargon 9, 1. 57; especially in bin-bin, grandson COTGloss, compare Dl below; Aramaic בַּר, , plural בְּנִין, ; compare Palmyrene, especially VogNo. 21. 31. 36a and others; possibly originally connected with בנה build, so Thes, compare Assyrian bânu, begetter (DlPr 104 & compare BaZMG 1887, 638 ff.); but all traces of this √ lost in Hebrew form; √ perhaps originally bilit. (בִּן, בֵּן) בַּן ֗֗֗ see Sta§ 183) — absolute ׳בּ Gen 4:25 +; ֵ˜בּןֿ Ezek 18:10 construct בֵּן Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); בֶּןֿ Gen 5:32 +; בֶּן Esth 2:5; Neh 6:18, & with prefix Gen 17:17; Num 8:25; 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 25:5; 2Chr 31:16; 2Chr 31:17 בְּנוֺ Num 23:18; Num 24:3; Num 24:15 בְּנִי Gen 49:11 בִּן Deut 25:2 בִּןֿ Exod 33:11 + 32 t. (29 t. in combination בִּןנֿוּן (ישׁוע, הושׁע) יהושׁע); suffix בְּנִי Gen 21:10 +; בִּנְךָ Exod 20:10 +; לִבֱנ֑ךָ Deut 7:3; 1Kgs 11:13 בְּנֵךְ Gen 30:14 +; בְּנוֺ Gen 4:17 +; בְּנָהּ Gen 21:10 +; plural בָּנִים Gen 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Gen 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Gen 31:43 +; בָּנֵינוּ Josh 22:25 +; בְּנֵיכֶם Exod 3:22 +, etc.; —

1. son, male child, born of a woman Gen 4:25; Gen 16:11; Gen 16:15; Gen 17:19 compare vGen 17:16; Gen 18:10; Gen 18:14; Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 + often, compare בֶּןבִּֿטְנָהּ Isa 49:15 begotten by a man Gen 5:4f; Gen 5:28; Gen 6:10; Gen 11:11f. + often; || (בָּנוֺת) בַּת daughter Gen 5:4; Gen 5:7; Gen 5:10f. Gen 11:11; Gen 11:13; Gen 11:15f; Exod 20:10; Deut 5:14; Deut 16:11; Deut 16:14; 1Sam 30:3; 1Sam 30:6; Job 1:2; Job 42:13 +; of son as desired Gen 30:2 (compare Gen 15:2; Gen 16:2; Gen 17:17; Gen 18:10f.; 1Sam 1:5-11) 2Kgs 4:14; 2Kgs 4:28; Ps 127:3 +; rejoiced in Gen 30:6 +; beloved Exod 21:5; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:3; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 3:26 cared for Deut 1:31 spared Mal 3:17 disciplined & trained Deut 8:5; Prov 3:12; Prov 13:24; Prov 19:18; Prov 29:17 owing reverence, obedience, etc. to parents Prov 6:20; Prov 10:1; Prov 13:1 בִּנְךָ בְּכוֺרְךָ thy first-born son Gen 27:32 הַבֵּן הַבְּכֹר Deut 21:15 compare 1Sam 8:2 בְּנָהּ הַגָּדֹל her elder son Gen 27:15; Gen 27:42 בְּנוֺ הַגָּדֹל Gen 27:1 בְּנָהּ הַקָּטָן her younger son Gen 27:15; Gen 27:42. In particular
  a. בֶּןאִֿמּוֺ son of his mother, i.e. own (uterine) brother Gen 43:29, compare Gen 27:29; Judg 8:19; Ps 50:20; Ps 69:9, & see אֵם; בְּנֵי אָבִיךָ sons of thy father = brethren Gen 49:8 (poetry)
  b. בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן = cousins Num 36:11.
  c. בְּנִי my son, as term of kindliness or endearment, used by Eli to Samuel 1Sam 3:6; 1Sam 3:16 compare 1Sam 4:16; 1Sam 24:17; 1Sam 26:17; 1Sam 26:21; 1Sam 26:25, see also Prov 1:8; Prov 1:10; Prov 2:1 +; compare בִּנְךָ, used by Benhadad of himself to Elisha 2Kgs 8:9 by Ahaz to Tiglath-pileser 2Kgs 16:7 especially to express intimate and gracious relation with God: ׳י calls Israel בְּנִי בְכֹרִי Exod 4:22 compare vExod 4:23; Hos 11:1, see also Ps 80:16 (but compare Che); בָּנִים אַתֶּם ליהוה אלהיכם Deut 14:1 בְּנֵי עֶלְיוֺן Ps 82:6 (|| אלהים); בְּנֵי אֵלחָֿ֑י Hos 2:1 compare further Deut 32:5 (plural) vDeut 32:20 (plural) Isa 1:2; Isa 1:4; Isa 30:1; Isa 30:9; Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22; Jer 4:22; Jer 31:20 of future Davidic king 2Sam 7:14 = 1Chr 17:13 compare Ps 2:7 expressly referred to Solomon 1Chr 22:10; 1Chr 28:6 also of children (offered in fire) Ezek 16:21.
  d. בְּנֵי האלהים applied to supernatural beings Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 בְּנֵי אלהים Job 38:7 בְּנֵי אֵלִים Ps 29:1 (on which compare Che's note) Ps 89:7.
  e. בֶּןאָֿדָם son of man, compare ׳בְּנֵי א, see אָדָם; בְּנֵי אִישׁ Ps 4:3 & (|| בני אדם) Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10. feminine בֶּןבִּֿנְךָ = thy grandson Exod 10:2; Deut 6:2; Judg 8:22 compare Jer 27:7 plural Exod 34:7; Exod 4:25; Exod 2:41; Exod 2:40; Job 42:16; Ps 128:6; Prov 13:22; Prov 17:6; Ezek 37:25 also בֵּן alone with similar reference Gen 29:5 (Laban son of Nahor); Laban calls his daughters' children his own sons Gen 31:28; Gen 31:43 compare Gen 32:1 so of Naomi Ruth 4:17 בְּנֵי רְבִעִים 2Kgs 10:30 sons of the fourth generation, and, in general, descendants Josh 22:24; Josh 22:25; Josh 22:27 +; see also below
  i. below
  g. constantly, as more precise designation, added to personal name כָּלֵב בֶּןיְֿפֻנֶּה Num 14:30; Num 32:12; Num 34:19 +; יְהוֺשֻׁעַ בִּןנֿוּן Num 11:28; Num 14:30; Num 32:12; Num 32:28; Num 34:17 +; יָרָבְעָם בֶּןנְֿבָט 1Kgs 12:2; 1Kgs 12:15 +, etc.; also without personal name (often with implication of contempt) בֶּןקִֿישׁ 1Sam 10:11 בֶּןיִֿשַׁי 1Sam 20:27; 1Sam 20:30; 1Sam 20:31; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:8; 1Sam 22:9; 1Sam 22:13; 1Sam 25:10; 2Sam 20:1 בְּנֵי צְרוּיָה 2Sam 16:10 בֶּןרְֿמַלְיָהוּ Isa 7:4; Isa 7:5; Isa 7:9; Isa 8:16 בֶּןטָֽֿבְאַ֑ל Isa 7:6 compare also בְּנֵי לֵוִי Num 16:7; Num 16:8.
  h. designated as בֶּןזְֿקֻנִים i.e. born in old age of father Gen 37:3 opposed to בְּנֵי הַנְּעוּרִים sons of one's youth Ps 127:4 also בֶּןבֵּֿיתִי one born in my house Gen 15:3 (i.e. slave) so בְּנֵי בַיִת Eccl 2:7.
  i. in various combinations: (α) as expression of contumely, בֶּןֿ נַעֲוַת הַמַּרְדּוּת 1Sam 20:30 בֶּןהַֿמְּרַצֵּחַ הַזֶּה 2Kgs 6:32 this son of a murderer; compare בְּנֵינָֿבָל Job 30:8 בְּנֵי בְלִישֵֿׁם ib.; בְּנֵי עֹנֲַנָה Isa 57:3 (|| זֶרַע מְנָאֵף); compare בֶּןאִֿשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת Judg 11:2 (compare vJudg 11:1); (β) as term of respect, dignity, בֶּןחֿוֺרִים son of nobles Eccl 10:17 (in Aramaic = free born); בֶּןחֲֿכָמִים Isa 19:11 בֶּןמַֿלְכֵיקֶֿדֶם ib.; compare בֶּןמֶֿלֶךְ Ps 72:1 (|| מֶלֶךְ); בֶּןאֲֿמָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 86:16 in addressing ׳י (|| עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ) & בְּנֵיעֲֿבָדֶיךָ Ps 102:29 of noble appearance בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ Judg 8:18.
  j. often plural with name of ancestor, people, land, or city, to denote descendants, inhabitants, membership in a nation or family, etc.: (α) e.g. בְּנֵיעֵֿבֶר Gen 10:21 בְּנֵיחֵֿת Gen 23:3; Gen 23:5; Gen 23:7; Gen 23:10 (twice in verse); Gen 23:11; Gen 23:16; Gen 23:18; Gen 23:20; Gen 25:10; Gen 49:32 (all P); (בְּנֵישֵֿׁת Num 24:17 see below 8); בְּנֵיחֲֿמוֺר Gen 33:19; Josh 24:32 בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו Gen 36:5; Gen 36:15; Gen 36:19; Deut 2:4; Deut 2:8; Deut 2:12; Deut 2:22; Deut 2:29 בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר Gen 36:20; Gen 36:21 בֶּןֿ(בני)הִנֹּם Josh 15:8 + (compare below גַּיְא); בְּנֵי לוֺט Deut 2:9; Deut 2:19; Ps 83:9 בְּנֵייֿוֺסֵף (literal Gen 46:27; Gen 48:8; 1Chr 5:1) Num 1:32; Num 26:28; Num 26:37; Num 34:23; Num 36:5 (׳י ׳מַטֵּה ב) + 6 t. Joshua, compare Ps 77:16 even בְּנֵי חֲצִי שֵׁבֶט מְנַשֶּׁה 1Chr 5:23 בְּנֵי דָוַיד (literal 2Sam 8:18 = 1Chr 18:17; 1Chr 3:1; 1Chr 3:9) 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 23:3; 2Chr 32:33 בְּנֵי אָסָף 2Chr 29:13; Ezra 2:41; Ezra 3:8 + (see אָסָף); בְּנֵי קֹרַח in titles of Psalm 42-49, 84, 85, 87, 88; especially (β) בְּנֵיעַֿמּוֺן (standing designation of people of Ammon) Gen 19:38 + 81 t. (compare עַמּוֺן & NöZMG 1886, 171 DrSm 66); בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב (literal Gen 34:7; Gen 34:13; Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27; Gen 35:5; Gen 35:22; Gen 35:26; Gen 49:2) 2Kgs 17:34; Ps 105:6; Mal 3:6 compare Ps 77:16 & chiefly (γ) בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (literal Gen 42:5; Gen 45:21; Gen 46:5; Exod 1:1) Exod 1:7 + 613 t., including Hexateuch 427 (of which 328 P, 49 E, 25 J, 25 D), Judg 61, Samuel Kings Chronicles 73 (23 in reference to ancient history, 10 in opposition to Judah); so also Vrss & variant reading sometimes for ׳בֵּית יִשׂ, e.g. Josh 21:43 + see Di, Ezek 3:1 + see Co; also the reverse Ezek 2:3 and elsewhere; note especially יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳עַם בּ Exod 1:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳עַמִּי בּ Exod 3:10; Exod 7:4 עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exod 16:1; Exod 16:2; Exod 16:9; Exod 16:10; Exod 17:1; Lev 16:5; Lev 19:2; Num 1:2; Num 1:53; Num 8:9; Num 8:20; Num 13:26; Num 15:25; Num 15:26; Num 17:6; Num 19:9; Num 25:6; Num 26:2; Num 31:12 (all P); ׳יִשׂ ׳דֹּרוֺת ב Judg 3:2 וְכָלהָֿעָם ׳יִשׂ ׳כָּלבֿ Judg 20:26 וּבְּנֵי הַלֵּוִי ׳יִשׂ ׳ב Neh 10:40 also (δ) בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה (literal Gen 46:12; Gen 26:19; 1Chr 2:3; 1Chr 2:10; 1Chr 4:1) Num 1:26 + 18 t. Numbers, Joshua, Judg 1:8; Judg 1:9; Judg 1:16 (so read also vJudg 1:21 vJudg 1:21 compare Josh 15:53 & see below בנימן) 2Sam 1:18; 1Chr 4:27 + 8 t. Chronicles, Jer 7:30 + 4 t. Jeremiah; Hos 2:2; Joel 4:6; Joel 4:8; Joel 4:19; Obad 1:12 (not in Kings, of Judah or of any other tribe, except בְּנֵי לֵוִי 1Kgs 12:31) including מַטֵּה בְּנֵי יהוּדָה Josh 15:1; Josh 15:20; Josh 15:21; Josh 21:1; 1Chr 6:50 for usage with other tribes of Israel, see the articles; — but note (ε) בְּנֵי לֵוִי (literal Gen 46:11; Exod 6:16; Num 3:17; 1Chr 5:27; 1Chr 6:1 compare 1Chr 23:6) Exod 32:28; Num 3:15; Num 16:7; Num 16:8; Num 18:21; Josh 21:10 (as including sons of Aaron etc.); כָּלבְּֿנֵי לֵוִי Exod 32:26 ׳ל ׳כָּלאַֿחֶיךָ ב Num 16:10 ׳ל ׳הַכֹּהֲנִים ב Deut 21:5; Deut 31:9 compare 1Kgs 12:31 & Mal 3:8; 1Chr 23:24; 1Chr 23:27; 1Chr 24:20; Ezra 8:15 (distinguished from priests) Neh 12:23; Ezek 40:46 (including בְּנֵי צָדוֺק the priests); also ׳ל ׳מַחֲנוֺת ב 1Chr 9:18 בְּנֵי הַלֵּוִי 1Chr 12:27; Neh 10:40 בְּנֵי הַלְּוִיִם 1Chr 15:15; 1Chr 24:30 (compare also לֵוִי); (ζ) בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן (literal Exod 28:1; Exod 28:40; 1Chr 5:29; 1Chr 24:1 often Aaron and his sons literal Exod 27:21; Exod 28:1; Exod 28:4 +) Lev 3:5; Lev 3:8; Lev 3:13; Lev 6:7; Lev 6:11; Lev 7:10; Lev 7:83; Josh 21:10; 1Chr 6:35; 1Chr 6:39; 1Chr 6:42; 1Chr 15:4 (+ Levites) 1Chr 24:1; 1Chr 24:31; Neh 12:47 also הַכֹּהֲנִים ׳בְּנֵי א Lev 1:5; Lev 1:8; Lev 1:11; Lev 2:2; Lev 3:2; Num 3:8; Num 10:8 & Josh 21:19; 2Chr 31:19 compare 2Chr 26:18; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 35:14 (twice in verse); בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן Lev 1:7; Josh 21:4 (as subdivision of Levites) vJosh 21:13 compare Lev 7:34 אֶתכֹּֿהֲנֵי יהוה אֶתבְּֿנֵי אַהֲרֹן וְהַלְּוִּיִּם 2Chr 13:9 compare v2Chr 13:10 once in singular הַכֹּהֵן בֶּןאַֿהֲרֹן Neh 10:39 see also below אַהֲרֹן; (η) בְּנֵי צָדוֺק הכהנים הלוים בני צדוק; Ezek 48:11 הכהנים הַמְֿקֻדָּשׁ מנגי צדוק (ᵐ5 Sm Co join מ of מבני to preceding word, making plural); (φ) בְּנֵי with names of peoples, lands, and cities, בְּנֵי כֻּשִׁיִּים Amos 9:7 בְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם Ezek 16:26 בְּנֵי אַשּׁוּר Ezek 16:28; Ezek 23:7; Ezek 23:9; Ezek 23:12; Ezek 23:23 אֶדֶץ הַבְּרִית ׳ב Ezek 30:5 (Co strike out ארץ); בָּבֶל ׳ב Ezek 23:15. Ezek 23:17; Ezek 23:28 יְרוּשָׁלַם ׳ב Joel 4:6 צִיּוֺן ׳ב Joel 2:23; Lam 4:2; Ps 149:2 (compare Zech 9:13). See further (ι) בְּנֵי עַמֶּ֑ךָ Lev 19:18 compare Lev 20:17; Num 22:5; Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 3:11; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12; Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:30; Ezek 37:18; Dan 12:1 בְּנֵי פָּרִיצֵי עַמְּךָ Dan 11:14 (κ) קֶבֶר בְּנֵי הָעָם 2Kgs 23:6; 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 35:12 קִבְרֵי בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 26:23 (λ) בְּנֵיקֶֿדֶם Gen 29:1; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:10; 1Kgs 5:10; Job 1:3; Isa 11:14; Jer 49:28; Ezek 25:4; Ezek 25:10 (μ) בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה Ezra 2:1 = Neh 7:6 (ν) of bulls, בְּנֵי בָשָׁן Deut 32:14 (song) compare KloSK 1872. 254 Di.
2. children (male and female) Gen 3:16; Gen 21:7; Exod 21:5; Exod 22:23 hence בְּנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה הַזְכָּרִים Josh 17:2 male children, בֵּן זָכָר Jer 20:15.
3. youth, young men (plural) Prov 7:7; Song 2:3.
4. the young of animals Lev 22:28 (שׁוֺר אוֺ שֶׂה) compare Deut 22:6; Deut 22:7; 1Sam 6:7; 1Sam 6:10; Zech 9:9; Job 4:11; Job 28:8; Job 39:4; Job 39:16 — בֶּןבָּֿקָר etc. see below 7 b below
5. of plant-shoots בֵּן פֹּרָת Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); also בֵּן Ps 80:16 ? (|| כַּנָּה; see Chetransl. & critical note)
6. figurative of lifeless things, בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks Job 5:7 stars עַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ Job 38:32 arrows בֶּןקָֿ֑שֶׁת Job 41:2 בְּנֵי אַשְׁפָּתוֺ Lam 3:13 compare בֶּןגָּֿרְנִי i.e. corn of my threshing-floor Isa 21:10.
7. a. member of a guild, order or class, בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים i.e. those belonging to the prophetic order 1Kgs 20:35; 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; 2Kgs 2:7; 2Kgs 2:15; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Kgs 4:38 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 5:22; 2Kgs 6:1; 2Kgs 9:1 (Hoffm RSProph, 85, 388, Ki 15 f.; ZehnpfBAS i, 355 compare Assyrian mâr šipri (šiprâtum), son of a messenger = messenger, and explains from the son's succeeding to father's calling) & בֶּןנָֿבִיא Amos 7:14 probably also בְּנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים 1Chr 9:30; Ezra 2:61; Ezra 10:18 בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezra 2:42 compare בְּנֵי הַגְּדוּד 2Chr 25:13 men of the troop, see Palmyrene בנישירתא men of the caravan VogNo, 4 and others; also בְּנֵי הַגּוֺלָה = exiles Ezra 4:1; Ezra 6:19; Ezra 6:20; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:7; Ezra 10:16 (see גולה below גלה): further, in בֶּןנֵֿכָר = foreigner (only P, poetry, & late) Gen 17:12; Gen 17:27; Exod 12:43; Lev 22:25; Ezek 44:9 (twice in verse); ׳הַֿנּ׳ב Isa 56:3 בְּנֵיִנֵֿכָר 2Sam 22:45; 2Sam 22:46 = Ps 18:45; Ps 18:46; Neh 9:2; Isa 60:10; Isa 61:5; Isa 62:8; Ezek 44:7; Ps 144:7; Ps 144:11, ׳בְּנֵיהַֿנּ Isa 56:6 also בְּנֵי הַתּוֺשָׁבִּים הַגָּרִים עִמָּכֶם Lev 25:4; Lev 25:5.
  b. of animals, בֶּןבָּֿקָר son of (the) herd, i.e. young one of the herd, בָּקָר וּבְנֵי בָקָר 1Sam 14:32 compare עֵגֶל בֶּןבָּֿקָר Lev 9:2 (P); then, in general, one of the herd: fit for food Gen 18:7; Gen 18:8 (J), for sacrifice Num 15:8; Num 15:9 (P); ׳בןהַֿב only Lev 12:6 (P); especially פַּר בֶּןבָּֿקָר Exod 29:1; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:14; Lev 16:3; Lev 23:18; Num 7:15 + 16 t. Numbers (all P) + 2Chr 13:9; Ezek 43:19; Ezek 43:23; Ezek 43:25; Ezek 45:18; Ezek 46:6 פָּרִים בְּנֵי בָּקָר Num 28:11; Num 28:19; Num 28:27; Num 29:13; Num 29:17 (P); also בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֺ Gen 49:11 (poem, J; || עִירֹה); בְּנֵיצֹֿאן Ps 114:4; Ps 114:6 בֶּןרְֿאֵמִים Ps 29:6 בְָּנֵי הָרַמָּכִים Esth 8:10 בְּנֵי (הַ)יּוֺנָה Lev 1:14 + 7 t. Lev + Num 6:10 compare בֶּןיֿוֺנָה Lev 12:6 (all P); בְּנֵיֿ נָ֑שֶׁר Prov 30:17 בְּנֵי עֹרֵב Ps 147:9.
8. ׳ב as relative noun followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc. especially (α) בֶּןֿ(בני)חַיִל = mighty man 1Sam 14:52; 1Sam 18:17; 2Sam 2:7; 2Sam 13:28; 2Sam 17:10 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:52 + 7 t. Chronicles; ׳אֲנָשִׁים בני ח Judg 18:2; 2Kgs 2:16 אֶלֶף אִישׁ מִבְּנֵי הֶחָ֑יִל Judg 21:10 (β) בְּנֵי עַוְלָה wicked men 2Sam 3:34; 2Sam 7:10; 1Chr 17:9; Hos 10:9 ׳בֶּןעֿ Ps 89:23 (for בני בליעל see בליעל); (γ) בְּנֵי מֶ֑רִי rebels Num 17:25 (compare בַּיִת); (δ) בְּנֵי הַתַּעֲרֻבוֺת sons of pledges = hostages 2Kgs 14:14 = 2Chr 25:24 (ε) בְּנֵי מָוֶת i.e. those deserving of death 1Sam 26:16 so בֶּןמֿות 2Sam 12:5 בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה appointed or exposed to death Ps 79:11; Ps 102:21 compare (ζ) בִּן הַכּוֺת one worthy of smiting Deut 25:2 (η) בְּנֵי עֹ֑נִי Prov 31:5 (θ) בְּנֵי חֲלוֺף Prov 31:8 (ι) בְּנֵי שָׁאוֺן Jer 48:45 = tumultuous ones; so also (= שֵׁאת) בְּנֵי שֵׁת Num 24:17 compare RV Di and others; (κ) כְּנֵי הַיִּצְהָר Zech 4:14 i.e. anointed ones; (λ) בֶּןמֶֿשֶׁק Gen 15:2 son of possession, i.e. heir; (μ) הֵילֵל בֶּןשָֿׁ֑חַר Isa 14:12 son of dawn; (ν) of animals בְּנֵיִ שָׁ֑הַץ i.e. proud beasts Job 28:8; Job 41:26 (ξ) of Jonah's gourd בִּןלַֿיְלָה Jonah 4:10 (twice in verse); (ο) of a fertile hill קֶרֶן בֶּןשֶֿׁמֶן Isa 5:1.
9. noun relative of age:
  a. of men, וַיְהִי נֹחַ בֶּןהֲֿמֵשׁ מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:32 compare Gen 7:6 + 71 t. P; Gen 50:26; Josh 14:7. Josh 14:10; Josh 24:29 (all E); Num 32:11 (J), Deut 31:2 also Judg 2:8; 1Sam 4:15; 2Sam 4:4; 2Sam 19:33; 2Sam 19:36; 1Chr 2:21; 1Chr 23:3; 1Chr 23:24; 1Chr 23:27; 1Chr 27:3; 2Chr 24:15; 2Chr 25:5; 2Chr 31:16; 2Chr 31:17; Ezra 3:8; Isa 65:20 (twice in verse); Jer 52:1 + 41 t. Samuel Kings Chronicles, of kings of accession; note especially (included in above) the phrase מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָ֑עְלָה Exod 30:14; Exod 38:26; Num 1:3 + 21 t. Numbers 1-3 + Num 26:2; Num 26:4; Num 32:11; 1Chr 23:24; 1Chr 23:27; 2Chr 25:5; Ezra 3:8 compare Lev 27:7; Num 8:24; Num 26:62; 1Chr 23:3 & without מעלה Num 8:25; Num 18:16 also מִבֶּן עשׂרים שׁנה וְעַד בֶּןשִֿׁשִּׁים שָׁנָה Lev 27:3 compare vLev 27:5 vLev 27:6 מִבֶּן שׁלשׁים שׁנה ומעלה ועד בןחֿמשׁים שׁנה Num 4:3 (twice in verse) + 12 t. Num 4 מבּן שׁלושׁ שׁנים וּלְמַ֫עְלָה 2Chr 31:16 compare v2Chr 31:17 & לְמִבֶּן עשׂרים שׁנה וּלְמָ֑טָּה 1Chr 27:23.
  b. of animals, (Hexateuch all P, including H) בֶּןשָֿׁנָה Exod 12:5; Exod 29:38; Lev 9:3; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:19; Num 7:17 + 28 t. Num 7, 28, 29; also Mic 6:6 בֶּןשְֿׁנָתוֺ Lev 12:6; Lev 23:12; Num 6:12; Num 6:14 + 12 t. Num 7 also Ezek 46:13.Note. — בן appears perhaps abbreviated as בּ in a few compound proper names; see בִּדְקַר (= בֶּןדֿקר?), בִּלְשָׁן, בִּמְהָל, בַּעֲלִיס, בַּעֲנָה, בִּרְשַׁע, בִּשְׁלָם (so MV after Schol. Hamâsa3 ed. Freytag; Röde libr, hist, interpr, Arab, 20, 21; but this is very uncertain, compare Ol§ 227 b, p. 613). — On Lag's explanation of אבי in some proper names as for אבן = בן compare LagBN 75 & see אבינר p. 4, etc., but this is dubious

BDB1169 H1121

BDB1168 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1170

בְּנוֺ 1Chr 24:26; 1Chr 24:27 as proper name, masculine in AV RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, compare VB & Be Öttli.

BDB9386 H1247 H1121 H1248 H1123

BDB9385 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9387

I. בַּר noun masculine son (ᵑ7 id.; Syriac , Mandean ברא NöM § 148, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene בר (and בן) Lzb242 f.; Sabean בר according to MordtmVOJ x. 154 f.; = בֵּן, = becoming ר, PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 36 ff. BrockSyr. Gr. § 76 and others; √ different from בן according to JHMich Thes K§ 63 and others; Biblical Hebrew בַּר Aramaism for בֵּן); — construct ׳ב Dan 3:25 +; suffix בְּרֵהּ Dan 5:22 plural construct בְּנֵי Ezra 6:9 +; suffix בְּנ֫וֺהִי Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:23, בְּנֵיהוֺן Dan 6:25 —

1. son(s) Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:2 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:14; Dan 5:22; Dan 6:25; Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:23 בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 6:16 = Israelites, בְּנֵי גָלוּתָא = captives vEzra 6:16; Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 6:14 בַּראֱֿנָשׁ Dan 7:13 i.e. one of human kind, בְּנֵי אֲנָשָׁא men Dan 2:38; Dan 5:21 בַּראֱֿלָהִין Dan 3:25 a divine (or angelic) being (see Dr, and compare Biblical Hebrew Gen 6:2; Job 1:6); ׳בַּר שְׁנִין וגו Job 6:1 a son of 62 years = 62 years old (Biblical Hebrew בֵּן 9).
2. of bullocks, בְּנֵי תוֺרִין Ezra 6:9.

II. בַּר see ברר.

son, children, sons, old, first, …
bēn
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
  • son, grandson, child, member of a group
    • son, male child
      • "grandson"children (plural, male and female)"youth, young men (plural)"young (of animals)"sons (as characterization, i.e., sons of injustice (for unrighteous men) or sons of God (for angels)"people (of a nation) (plural)"of lifeless things, i.e., sparks, stars, arrows (figuratively)"a member of a guild, order, class

מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה
מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of manasseh")
Dictionary form: מְנַשֶּׁה · meh-nahsh-SHEH

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of manasseh
of manasseh ×78 manasseh ×27 and manasseh ×16 manassehs ×2 so manasseh ×2 tribe of manasseh ×2 also and manasseh ×1 and as manasseh ×1
More options
Manasseh — Standard modern spelling for the personal name and tribal name.
tribe of Manasseh — Use when referencing the collective tribal group.
Manassites — Refers to members or descendants of the tribe collectively.
of Manasseh — Genitive/possessive context, e.g. 'the portion of Manasseh'.

BDB4731 H4519

BDB4730 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4732

מְנַשֶּׁה136 proper name, masculine person and tribe Manasseh (interpretation of Gen 41:51 as Pi`el causative √II. נשׁה q. v.); — ׳מ Gen 46:20 +; מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה Gen 41:51 + (on Judg 18:30 see משֶׁה); with article (strangely), ׳הַמְֿ Josh 1:12 + 10 t. (see below); ᵐ5 Μαν(ν)ασση; —

1.
  a. Manasseh, eldest son of Joseph Gen 41:51; Gen 48:1; Gen 48:13; Gen 48:14 (twice in verse); Gen 48:17; Gen 48:20 (twice in verse), also Gen 50:23 (father of Machir; all E), Gen 46:20; Gen 48:5 (both P).
  b. of tribe, often + Ephraim (see אֶפְרַיִם): (I) the part west of Jordan: a. ׳בְּנֵי מ Josh 16:9; Josh 17:2a (׳בנימֿ הַנּוֺתָרִים), vJosh 17:2 b; vJosh 17:6 vJosh 17:12 (all J E), 1Chr 7:29; 1Chr 9:3 (׳בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם וּמ; Josh 13:29 see below); β. ׳מ alone, Josh 17:5; Josh 17:8 (twice in verse); Josh 17:9b; Josh 17:11; Josh 17:17; Deut 34:2 (׳אֶרֶץ אֶפְרַיִם וּמ; all J E), 2Chr 30:10 (id.), Josh 16:4; Josh 17:7; Josh 17:10 (all P), also apparently Deut 33:17 (poem), Judg 1:27; Judg 6:15; Judg 6:35; Judg 7:23; Isa 9:20 (twice in verse); Ps 80:3 + 10 t. Chronicles; γ. ׳מַטֵּה מ 1Chr 6:55 ׳חֲצִי מַטֵּה מ Josh 21:6; Josh 21:25; 1Chr 12:32 (van d. H v.1Chr 12:31); ׳מַחֲצִית מַטֵּה חֲצִי מ 1Chr 6:46 (but on text see Kit); וְאֶפְרַיִם ׳שְׁנֵי מַטּוֺת מ Josh 14:4 (P); δ. ׳חֲצִי שֵׁבֶט מ 1Chr 27:20 with article ׳הַשֵּׁבֶט הַמְֿ Josh 13:7 (D). (2) of Manasseh east of Jordan; α. ׳בְּנֵי מ Josh 22:30; Josh 22:31 (P); β. ׳מ alone, Judg 11:29 (distinctly of territory), Judg 12:4 (but on text see GFM), Ps 60:9 = Ps 108:9 ׳חֲצִי הַמ 1Chr 27:21 γ. ׳מַטֵּה מ Josh 17:1a Josh 20:8 (both P), 1Chr 6:47 ׳חֲצִי מַטֵּה מ Josh 22:1 (D), Num 34:14; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:27 (all P), 1Chr 6:56 חֲצִי מַטֵּה ׳בְּנֵי מ Josh 13:29 (P); δ. ׳חֲצִי שֵׁבֶט מ Deut 3:13 (D), Josh 13:29; Josh 22:13; Josh 22:15 (all P), 1Chr 15:18; 1Chr 15:23; 1Chr 15:26; 1Chr 12:38 (van d. H v.1Chr 12:37); בֶּןיֿוֺסֵף ׳חֲצִי שֵׁבֶט מ Num 32:33 (P); with article ׳חֲצִי שֵׁבֶט הַמְֿ Josh 1:12; Josh 4:12; Josh 12:6; Josh 18:7; Josh 22:1; Josh 22:7 (all D), Josh 22:9; Josh 22:10; Josh 22:11; Josh 22:21 (all P). Here belong also (chiefly) references to ׳מ as father of Machir (compare Gen 50:23 above): Num 27:1; Num 32:39; Num 32:40; Num 36:1; Josh 13:31; Josh 17:1; Josh 17:3 (all P), 1Chr 7:14; 1Chr 7:17 and of Jair Deut 3:14 (D), Num 32:41 (P), 1Kgs 4:13 (compare מָכִיר, יָאִיר). (3) of undivided tribe (never ׳שֵׁבֶט מ): α. ׳בְּנֵי מ Num 1:34; Num 2:20; Num 7:54; Num 26:29; Num 36:12 (all P); β. ׳מ alone, Num 1:10; Num 26:28; Num 26:34; Num 27:1b (all P), Ezek 48:4; Ezek 48:5 γ. ׳מַטֵּה מ Num 1:35; Num 2:20; Num 13:11, ׳מַטֵּה בְּנֵי מ Num 10:23; Num 34:13 (all P).
2. son of Hezekiah, and king of Judah (Assyrian Menasê, Minsê SchrCOT 2Kgs 21:1); — 2Kgs 20:21; 2Kgs 21:1 + 9 t. Kings, 12 t. Chronicles, Jer 15:4.
3. two who had taken strange wives:
  a. Ezra 10:30.
  b. Ezra 10:33.

manasseh, manassehs, manassites
mĕnašše
causing to forget
Menashsheh, a grandson of Jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
  • the eldest son of Joseph and progenitor of the tribe of Manasseh
    • the tribe descended from Manasseh
      • "the territory occupied by the tribe of Manasseh
    son of king Hezekiah of Judah and himself king of Judah; he was the immediate and direct cause for the exile"a descendant of Pahath-moab who put away a foreign wife in the time of Ezra"a descendant of Hashum who put away a foreign wife in the time of Ezra

אֲשֶׁ֣ר
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which
which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69
More options
that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.
who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.
where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.
when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.
because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

BDB3870 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3872

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
  a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
  b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
  c. answered by וַ (Dr§ 127 γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
  d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr§ 115) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
  e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.
2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.
3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr§ 127 β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203

יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְ˜רֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
  a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
  b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
  c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

BDB6203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6205

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן271 preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
  a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D2); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.


  b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.


  c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Köiii.595 f.). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
  a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
  b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Köiii.571).


  c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Köiii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note
1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (FlKl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

BDB843 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB845

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to TsepreghiDiss. Lugd. p. 171 MühlauBö. Lb. ii. 79 n. StaMorg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 HomZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll§ 153 SayceHebraica. ii. 51 LagM. i. 255 & especially KraeHebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also NöZMG 1886, 738).
2. according to PhiSt. C. 73 SperlingNota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.
2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
   (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
   (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.
N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.
3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).
4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
  a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
  b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
   (a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
  c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
  d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.
5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.
6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
   (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew§ 334);
   (b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di§ 201;
   (c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.
7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
  a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
  b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
  c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew§ 292 a, b with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
  a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
   (a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
  b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
  c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
  d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew§ 334 a), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
  e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

BDB844 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB846

בַּאֲשֶׁר 19
  a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
  d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

BDB845 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB847

מֵאֲשֶׁר17
  a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …
ʾăšer
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
  • (relative part.)
    • which, who
      • "that which
    (conj)
    • that (in obj clause)
      • "when"since"as"conditional if

בַּ גִּלְעָ֗ד
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
גִּלְעָ֗ד
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Are in gilead")
Dictionary form: גִּלְעָד · ɡil-AWD

בַּ
Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: are in gilead
of gilead ×50 gilead ×25 in gilead ×10 and gilead ×6 to gilead ×2 and gileads ×1 and the gileadites ×1 are in gilead ×1
More options
Gilead — Standard proper name for the region; use in most contexts.
the region of Gilead — Clarifies geographic scope when context is ambiguous.
the territory of Gilead — Formal; suits legal or boundary-description passages.
Gileadite — For the gentillic/ethnic sense referring to inhabitants.
the hill country of Gilead — Highlights topographic character when landscape is in view.
Ramoth-gilead — Retain compound form when the city specifically is meant.

BDB1670 H1568

BDB1669 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1671

גִּלְעָד proper name, of a location of mountain-range or hill-country, land & city, east of Jordan (compare Arabic durus, fortis Frey, so Thes; HiGeschichte. Israel 26 compare same √ used of camel ( camelus robustus ac firmus, compare HomNS 144), whence camel hump, originally name of mountain) — ׳ג Gen 37:25 + 79 t. (mostly as proper name, masculine and in combination with other proper name, of a location compare below); ׳הַגּ Gen 31:21 + 50 t. (so usually as name of mountain and land); גִּלְעָ֫דָה Num 32:39; 1Chr 27:21 הִגְּלְעָ֫דָה 2Sam 24:6 — Gilead, used of territory between the Arnon and the Jabbok, modern Bel‡a; also of that between the Jabbok and the Jarmuk, modern Jebel Ajlûn; also of the entire east Jordan land occupied by Israel, including both the parts just named (compare Di Gen 31:54 Stu Judg 10:4 BdPal 178; also L. OliphantLand of Gilead, 1880); —

1. territory south of Jabbok,
  a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Num 32:29 (P), ׳אֶרֶץ ג vNum 32:1 (JE), both connected with Reuben and Gad; so ׳חֲצִי הַר הַגּ Deut 3:12 ׳אֶרֶץ ג also 1Chr 5:9 (of Reuben); 1Kgs 4:19 (of Sihon and Og); compare ׳אֶרֶץ גַּד וְג 1Sam 13:7 further,
  b. ׳הַגּ alone, Judg 10:17 (or possibly here name of city ?), Judg 11:29 (probably); also 1Chr 5:10 (of Reuben) v1Chr 5:16 (of Gad); compare חֲצִי וְעַד יַבֹּק ׳הַגּ Josh 12:2 (of Sihon), so vJosh 12:5 (both D);
  c. similarly ׳ג alone (without article) in poetry Ps 60:9 (|| Manasseh) = Ps 108:9 but also in prose in phrases ׳שָׂרֵי ג Judg 10:18, ׳ישְׁבֵי ג vJudg 10:18; Judg 11:8, ׳זִקְנֵי ג Judg 11:5; Judg 11:7; Judg 11:8; Judg 11:9; Judg 11:10; Judg 11:11, ׳אַנְשֵׁי ג Judg 12:4 (twice in verse); Judg 12:5 compare also
  d. עָרֵי ׳הַגּ Num 32:26 (J E; of Reuben and Gad); so of Jephthah's burial-place Judg 12:7 even כָּלעָֿרֵי ׳הַגּ Josh 13:25 (P; of Gad); besides these, or particular cities, especially ׳רָאמֹת בַּגּ Deut 4:43 (of Gad); compare ׳רָאמוֺת בַּגּ Josh 20:8 (P), 1Chr 6:65 (of Gad), and ׳רָמֹת בַּגּ Josh 21:38 (P); usually ׳רָמֹת ג 1Kgs 4:13; 1Kgs 22:3; 1Kgs 22:4; 1Kgs 22:6; 1Kgs 22:12; 1Kgs 22:15; 1Kgs 22:20; 1Kgs 22:29 = 2Chr 18:2; 2Chr 18:3; 2Chr 18:5; 2Chr 18:11; 2Chr 18:14; 2Chr 18:19; 2Chr 18:28; 2Kgs 8:28; 2Kgs 9:1; 2Kgs 9:4; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 22:5 also ׳מִצְפֵּה ג Judg 11:29 (twice in verse); further ׳יַעְזֵיר ג 1Chr 26:31.
2. Northern Gilead,
  a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Josh 17:5; Josh 17:6 (J E; of Manasseh) compare Judg 10:4; 1Chr 2:22 (both of Jair); ׳הַר הַגּ Gen 31:21; Gen 31:23; Gen 31:25 (E); probably also ׳הַר ג (no article) Song 4:1 (compare Song 6:5 below).
  b. ׳הַגּ alone Num 32:40 (J E; of Machir) Josh 17:1 (J E; id.) compare Josh 13:11 (D) Deut 2:36; 1Kgs 4:13 (of Jair); Deut 3:15; Deut 3:16 (boundary of Reuben and Gad); probably also Song 6:5 (compare Song 4:1 above); compare ׳יֶתֶר הַגּ Deut 3:13 & ׳חֲצִי הַגּ Josh 13:31 (P; of Machir); הַגִּלְעָ֫דָה 2Sam 24:6 (probably); compare also
  c. ׳ג (no article) probably Jer 8:22; Jer 46:11 (in both reference to צֳרִי balm, probably from the wooded Northern Gilead); similarly Jer 22:6 and גִּלְעָ֫דָה 1Chr 27:21 also Num 32:39 (J E; of Machir).
  d. in combination ׳יָבֵשׁ ג (city) Judg 21:8; Judg 21:9; Judg 21:10; Judg 21:12; Judg 21:14; 1Sam 11:1; 1Sam 11:9 (|| יָבֵשׁ alone) 1Sam 31:11 (|| id.) = 1Chr 10:11; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 2:5; 2Sam 21:12 perhaps also ׳(מִ)תִּשְׁבֵּה ג 1Kgs 17:1 (emendation, after ᵐ5, Ew Th and others see VB); — compare further below
6. proper name, masculine below — Judg 7:3 ׳וְיִצְפֹּר מֵהַר הַגּ and let him depart from Mt. Gilead, apparently belongs here, but מֵהַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ is read by Cler Hi Gr Ke Be; against this compare Stu BuRS 112.
3. more generally, of all Gilead,
  a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Josh 22:9; Josh 22:13; Josh 22:15; Josh 22:32 (P; of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh; opposed to land of Canaan); compare 2Sam 17:26 so ׳כָּלאֶֿרֶץ הַגּ 2Kgs 10:38.
  b. ׳אֶרֶץ ג (no article) Zech 10:10 compare ׳הַר אֶפְרַיִם וְג Jer 50:19 (|| Carmel and Bashan); ׳ג alone, also Gen 37:25 likewise Mic 7:14 (|| Carmel & Bashan, reference to fertility).
  c. ׳הַגּ alone, of Israel territory in general east of Jordan, Judg 10:8 compare 2Sam 2:9; 2Kgs 10:33 (of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh); ׳כָּלהַֿגּ Deut 3:10 אֶתכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳אֶתהַֿגּ Deut 34:1 ׳הַגּ also in general sense Ezek 47:18; 2Kgs 15:29 (?) Obad 1:19.
4. ׳ג, name of a city Hos 6:8 (& Judg 10:17 ? compare
1. a. above); — on the ruined cities Jil±âd, Jil±aud on the Jebel Jil±âd, north of Es-Sal‰, and south of Jabbo‡ see Di Gen 31:54 & references
5. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ of Israelites living east of Jordan (as a whole) Judg 20:1 ׳הַגּ of people of Gilead Amos 1:3; Amos 1:13 so ׳ג Judg 5:17 (= גַּד), Judg 12:4; Judg 12:5 (|| ׳אַנְשֵׁי ג vJudg 12:4 vJudg 12:4 vJudg 12:5) Hos 12:12. compare also גִּלְעָדִי below
6. treated as proper name, masculine a. ׳ג, son of Machir & grandson of Manasseh Num 26:29 (twice in verse); Num 26:30; Num 27:1; Num 36:1; Josh 17:3 (all P) 1Chr 2:21; 1Chr 2:23; 1Chr 7:14; 1Chr 7:17 once ׳הַגּ Josh 17:1 (JE) compare Di; — reference in all these to Northern Gilead.
  b. father of Jephthah Judg 11:1; Judg 11:2 — reference to Gad (compare above especially below 5).
  c. 1Chr 5:14 (a Gadite).

BDB7813 H7216 H7433 H1568 H7414 H7418 H7432 H3406

BDB7812 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7814

רָ(א)מוֺת26 proper name

1. location Heights, Ramôth; —
  a. in Gilead, רָמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד Josh 21:38 (Gi; van d. H. Baer vJosh 21:36 P), ׳רָאמוֺת בַּגּ (of Gad) Deut 4:43; 1Chr 6:65, ׳רָאמֹת בַּגּ Josh 20:8 (P), Ραμωθ [Josh 20:8 Αρημωθ] ἐν (Τῇ) Γαλααδ; usually ׳רָמת ג (Ρεμμαθ [Ερεμαθ, Ραμωθ, Ραμα(θ)] Γαλ., etc.) 1Kgs 4:13 + 19 t. Kings Chronicles (see גִּלְעָד 1 d); = II. רָמָה 5, q. v.; site dubious; Onomasticon (Lag287. 91) 15 miles west of Philadelphia [Jerome Ib.145. 1Kgs 145:31 says E!], hence DiGen 31:54 BuhlG. 261 f. conjectures el-Jal`aud, approximately 17 English miles northwest of Philadelphia, and 3 miles South of Yabbok; SmerrillEast of Jordan, 284 ff.; Hast. DB. RAMOTH G. conjectures (on general grounds) Jesrash, approximately 28 miles north of Philadelphia; GASmG. 586 some place just south of Yarmuk, compare GACooke in DrDt Add. xviii f., q. v. especially against es-Sal‰ Seetzen and others).
  b. רָמוֺתנֶֿגֶב 1Sam 30:27, see רָאׅמַׅת
3.
  c. רָאמוֺת, Levitical City in Issachar 1Chr 6:58 (Δαβωρ, ᵐ5L Ραμωθ), probably = רֶ֫מֶת Josh 19:21 (P; Ρεμμας, A Ραμαθ), and יַרְמוּת 2, Josh 21:29, q. v. p.438 (see also DiJosh 19:21).
2. masculine (וְ)רָמוֺת Ezra 10:29 Qr (Kt ירמות) see יְרֵימוֺת 5 c, p.438.

gilead, gileadites, gileads, ramoth-gilead
gilʿād
rocky region
Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
  • (n pr loc) a mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon; sometimes called 'Mount Gilead' or the 'land of Gilead' or just 'Gilead'. Divided into north and south Gilead
    • "a city (with prefix 'Jabesh')"the people of the region"(n pr m) son of Machir and grandson of Manasseh"father of Jephthah"a Gadite

ל ֚וֹ
ל
Preposition to, for
֚וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Preposition

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

חֶ֤בֶל
חֶ֤בֶל
Root word cords, sorrows, line, cord, coast, …
Dictionary form: חֶבֶל · heh-BEL

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: to him also pertained the region
the sorrows ×5 with cords ×5 a company ×2 and sorrows ×2 by line ×2 coast ×2 line ×2 sorrows ×2
More options
rope — Most concrete sense; physical binding or measuring tool.
region — Geographic territory; prefer for land-allotment contexts.
allotment — Inherited share of land; good for tribal-division passages.
anguish — Emotional/physical distress; fits 'birth pangs' or grief contexts.
band — A group of people; use when referring to a company of men.
snare — Figurative entrapment; use when the metaphor is entanglement.

BDB2498 H2256

BDB2497 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2499

I. חֶ֫בֶל noun masculineJosh 2:14 feminine Zeph 2:6 (but see below) cord, territory, band; ׳ח absolute Josh 2:15 +; construct Deut 3:4 +, חֵ֫בֶל Josh 19:29 suffix חַבְלוֺ Job 18:10 plural חֲבָלִים 2Sam 8:2 + 10 t. + Ezek 47:13; Job 21:7 see below; construct חַבְלֵי Josh 17:5 + 5 t.; חֶבְלֵי Ps 116:3 + 2 t. + Ps 18:5 (read משׁברי see below); suffix הֲבָלָ֑יִךְ Isa 33:23 חֲבָלָיו Isa 33:20 —

1. cord, rope, by which men were lowered Josh 2:15 (JE), Jer 38:6; Jer 38:11; Jer 38:12; Jer 38:13, or stones dragged 2Sam 17:13 of tents Isa 33:20 tackling of ship vIsa 33:23 for binding Ezek 27:24; Job 40:25; Esth 1:6 symbol of captivity or subjection 1Kgs 20:31; 1Kgs 20:32 figurative of snare for wicked Job 18:10 (|| מַלְכֻּדְתּוֺ), set by wicked Ps 140:6 (|| פַּה); Ps 119:61 cords of wicked men have surrounded me; of wicked held בחבלי חַטָּאתוֺ Prov 5:22 ׳ח הָשָּׁ֑וְא Isa 5:18 cords (ropes) of wickedness (|| כַּעֲבוֺת הָעֲגָלָה); of cords of distress (עֹ֑נִי) Job 36:8 (|| וִקִּים); so חֶבְלֵי מָוֶת (probably) Ps 116:3, חֶבְלֵי שׁאוֺל Ps 18:6 = 2Sam 22:6 (|| מוֺקְשֵׁי מָוֶת); — for חֶבְלֵי מות Ps 18:5 read מִשְׁבְּרֵי, see 2Sam 22:5 and || נַחֲלֵי בְלִיַּעַל, De Che Bae; to draw בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם Hos 11:4 (i.e. humanely, kindly); of cord of life חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Eccl 12:6.
2. measuring-cord, line מִדָּה ׳ח Zech 2:5 so ׳ח alone 2Sam 8:2 (3 t. in verse); Amos 7:17; Mic 2:5; Ps 78:55 figurative (of favoured life) Ps 16:5 in general of one's portion, fortune Job 21:17 according to ᵑ7 Thes Add. Ew Di and others, but < see חֵבֶל. Thence
3. measured portion, lot, part, region, נַחֲלָה ׳ח inherited portion Deut 32:9; 1Chr 16:18 = Ps 105:11 also ׳ח alone Josh 17:5; Josh 17:14; Josh 19:9; Ezek 47:13 (חבלים; ᵑ9 ᵑ7 read as dual, see Ew Sm Da and others; Co strike out on internal grounds); of particular regions אַרְגֹּב ׳ח Deut 3:4; Deut 3:13; Deut 3:14; 1Kgs 4:13 אַכְזִיב ׳ח Josh 19:29 (si vera 1., see WMMAsien 194); הַיָּם ׳ח Zeph 2:5 also vZeph 2:6, but ׳היתה ח here dubious; Sta proposes 2 feminine singular הָיִת, and strike out הים ׳ח; without הים, vZeph 2:7.
4. band, company of prophets 1Sam 10:5; 1Sam 10:10. — II. חֶבֶל see below II. חָבַל.

BDB2499 H2256

BDB2498 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2500

חֵ֫בֶל noun masculineIsa 66:7 (but see Jer 49:24) pain, pang; — ׳ח absolute Isa 66:7 elsewhere plural חֲבָלִים Isa 13:8 + 3 t. + Job 21:17 see below; construct חֶבְלֵי Hos 13:13 suffix חֲבָלֶיהָ Isa 26:17 חֶבְלֵיהֶם Job 39:3 (on suffix see Ges«GKC:135»§ 135, 5, R 1); — pain, pang:

1. pains of travail:
  a. object of תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Job 39:3 meton. for off spring (|| יַלְדֵיהֶן; see Di; of goats and hinds).
  b. simile of distress of exiles Isa 26:17 figurative of anguish of nations צִירִים וַחֲבָלִים יאֹחֵזוּן Isa 13:8 (|| כַּיּוֺלֵדָה יְחִילוּן), also Jer 13:21; Jer 22:23; Jer 49:24 of crisis of redemption Hos 13:13 (|| חֶבְלֵי יוֺלֵדָה), of birth of new Israel Isa 66:7.
2. of other than birth-pangs only חבלים Job 21:17 pains, pangs, sorrows (so ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Thes, — otherwise Add. — Rob-Ges Hi Da and others; || נֵר יִדְעָ֑ךְ, יָבאֹ אֵידָם ); > others, portion, fortune, see חֶבֶל.

BDB2504 H2256

BDB2503 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2505

חֹבְלִים noun [masculine] plural union (literally binders) name of Zechariah's second symbolic staff Zech 11:7 and with article vZech 11:14. see חָבַל

1.

BDB2507 H2256

BDB2506 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2508

II. חֶ֫בֶל noun masculine destruction — חֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Mic 2:10 compare II. חָבַל Pi`el above

cords, sorrows, line, cord, coast, …
ḥebel
a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together)
  • a cord, rope, territory, band, company
    • a rope, cord
      • "a measuring-cord or line"a measured portion, lot, part, region"a band or company
    pain, sorrow, travail, pang
    • pains of travail
      • "pains, pangs, sorrows
    union"destruction

אַרְגֹּב֙
אַרְגֹּב֙
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of argob")
Dictionary form: אַרְגֹּב · ar-ɡOBE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of argob
of argob ×4 argob ×1
More options
Argob — Standard proper-noun transliteration; use in most contexts.
the region of Argob — Clarifies geographic extent when context is territorial.
the district of Argob — Highlights administrative or political subdivision nuance.

BDB7737 H709

BDB7736 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7738

אַרְגֹּב proper name

1. location (heap, or region of clods; 'glede' GASmG551); — always ׳חֶבֶל א Deut 3:4; Deut 3:14; 1Kgs 4:13, ׳הָא ׳ח Deut 3:13 = measured region of Argob; some well-defined district of Bashan (apparently identification with חַוֺת יָאִיר Deut 3:14 [where ׳י ׳ח in Bashan, so Josh 13:30], but this a harmonistic correction; ׳י ׳ח in fact in Gilead [Num 32:41; Judg 10:4, and distinguished from אַרְגֹּב 1Kgs 4:13 compare Deut 3:13); exact location dubious, GASml.c. and especially DrDeut 3:4; BuhlGeogr.18 thinks of ‚uwet, south of Upper Yarmuk, a border district between Bashan and Gilead. — Αρσοβ; 1Kgs 4:13 Ερεβαταμ, ᵐ5L Πασαβαν, A Ερσαβ.
2. masculine 2Kgs 15:25, Αρσοβ dubious; see Klo Kit Benz Bur.

argob
ʾargōb
heap of clods
Argob, a district of Palestine
  • (n pr loc) a district or area in Bashan
    • "(n pr m) one of king Pekah's officers

אֲשֶׁ֣ר
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which
which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69
More options
that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.
who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.
where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.
when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.
because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

BDB3870 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3872

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
  a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
  b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
  c. answered by וַ (Dr§ 127 γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
  d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr§ 115) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
  e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.
2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.
3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr§ 127 β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203

יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְ˜רֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
  a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
  b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
  c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

BDB6203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6205

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן271 preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
  a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D2); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.


  b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.


  c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Köiii.595 f.). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
  a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
  b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Köiii.571).


  c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Köiii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note
1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (FlKl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

BDB843 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB845

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to TsepreghiDiss. Lugd. p. 171 MühlauBö. Lb. ii. 79 n. StaMorg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 HomZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll§ 153 SayceHebraica. ii. 51 LagM. i. 255 & especially KraeHebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also NöZMG 1886, 738).
2. according to PhiSt. C. 73 SperlingNota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.
2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
   (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
   (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.
N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.
3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).
4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
  a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
  b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
   (a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
  c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
  d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.
5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.
6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
   (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew§ 334);
   (b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di§ 201;
   (c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.
7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
  a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
  b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
  c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew§ 292 a, b with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
  a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
   (a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
  b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
  c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
  d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew§ 334 a), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
  e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

BDB844 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB846

בַּאֲשֶׁר 19
  a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
  d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

BDB845 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB847

מֵאֲשֶׁר17
  a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …
ʾăšer
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
  • (relative part.)
    • which, who
      • "that which
    (conj)
    • that (in obj clause)
      • "when"since"as"conditional if

בַּ בָּשָׁ֔ן
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
בָּשָׁ֔ן
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Is in bashan")
Dictionary form: בָּשָׁן · baw-SHAWN

בַּ
Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: is in bashan
of bashan ×24 in bashan ×14 bashan ×9 and bashan ×5 from bashan ×2 are in bashan ×1 bashan-havoth-jair ×1 bulls of bashan ×1
More options
Bashan — Standard modern rendering for this proper place name.
the region of Bashan — Use when geographic extent needs clarification.
Bashan-havoth-jair — Retain full compound form for the specific sub-district name.

BDB1376 H1316

BDB1375 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1377

בָּשָׁן60 proper name, of a territory, masculineDeut 3:3 (smooth (& fertile) land) Bashan, first mentioned as kingdom of Og, east of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabbok (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (west) and mountains of Hauran (east); compare Di Num 21:33 WetzstHauran 82; later a type of fertility; — usually with article ׳הַבּ Num 21:33 (twice in verse); Num 32:33; Deut 1:4 + 30 t. Deuteronomy, Joshua; 1Kgs 4:13; 1Kgs 4:19; 2Kgs 10:33; 1Chr 5:11; 1Chr 5:12; 1Chr 5:16; 1Chr 5:23; 1Chr 6:47; 1Chr 6:56; Neh 9:22; Ps 68:23; Ps 135:11; Ps 136:20; Jer 22:20; Jer 50:19 (|| הַכַּרְמֶל), Mic 7:14 (|| id.), Nah 1:4 (|| id.; personified, subject of אֻמְלַל), Isa 33:9 (|| id.; personified subject of נֹעֵר); הַרבָּֿשָׁן (i.e. range of Hauran) Ps 68:16 (twice in verse) (called הַראֿלהים, — from a sanctuary there? — & הַרגַּֿבְנֻנִּים many-peaked mountain); of stately trees ׳אַלּוֺנֵי הַבּ Isa 2:13 (still seen on western slope of mountains of Hauran, WetzstHauran 88); ׳אַלּוֺנֵי ב Zech 11:2 (figurative of prominent men); ׳אַלּוֺנִים מִבּ Ezek 27:6 of bulls ׳אַבִּידֵי ב Ps 22:13 (|| פָּרִים figurative); so ׳בְּנֵיבֿ Deut 32:14 (+ כָּרִים וְאֵילִים also עַתּוּדִים, compare בָּקָר & צאֹן va; see בֵּן

1. j. (ν)); apparently more general is ׳מְרִיאֵי ב Ezek 39:18 (reference to אֵילִים כָּרִים וְעַתּוּדִים פָּרִים ֗֗֗ כֻּלָּם); once of kine (feminine, figurative of luxurious and haughty women of Samaria) Amos 4:1 ׳פָּרוֺת הַבּ.

bashan, bashan-havoth-jair
bāšān
fruitful
Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan
  • a district east of the Jordan known for its fertility which was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh

שִׁשִּׁים֙
שִׁשִּׁים֙
Root word threescore, sixty
Dictionary form: שִׁשִּׁים · shish-SHEEM

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: threescore
and threescore ×19 threescore ×11 sixty ×7 was threescore ×4 sixty and ×3 were threescore ×3 of them threescore ×2 of them were threescore ×2
More options
sixty — Standard modern cardinal number; universally preferred.
sixty-fold — Use when expressing multiplication or ratio contexts.
sixtieth — Use as ordinal form when indicating position or rank.
six dozen — Informal register; highlights grouping of twelve.

BDB8490 H8346

BDB8489 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8491

שִׁשִּׁים59 noun indeclinable sixty; — before singular noun: city Deut 3:4 + 4 t., cubit 1Kgs 6:2; Ezek 40:14, man 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25, day Lev 12:5, etc.; plural noun בָּנוֺת 2Chr 11:21, compare Song 3:7 after plural noun Num 7:88 (3 t. in verse); 2Chr 3:3; 2Chr 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף 2Chr 12:3 +; ׳שׁ following units Gen 5:15 + 12 t.; ׳שׁ precedes unit Isa 7:8 + 12 t.; ׳שׁ following 100 (1000) Ezra 8:10 + 11 t.; precedes Gen 5:18 = 8 t.

threescore, sixty
šiššîm
sixty
  • sixty, three score

עָרִ֣ים
עָרִ֣ים
Root word city, cities, town, towns, one, …
Dictionary form: עִיר · eer

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: cities
the city ×168 cities ×153 city ×131 of the city ×95 the cities ×88 in the city ×49 into the city ×26 a city ×25
More options
city — Best default; fits large, walled, or named settlements.
town — Prefer for smaller or less prominent settlements.
settlement — Neutral; good when size or status is ambiguous.
village — Use for very small or rural communities in context.
urban center — Highlights civic or political function over geography.

BDB5915 H5892

BDB5914 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5916

I. עִיר noun [masculine] excitement; — of terror, וּבֶהָלוֺת ׳ע Jer 15:9 of rage (si vera lectio), לֹא אָבוֺא בְּעִיר Hos 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר compare We Oort Now GASm. — בָּעִיר Ps 73:20 see עור Hiph`il — II, III. עִיר see below

BDB6035 H5892

BDB6034 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6036

II. עִיר1092 noun feminineGen 10:12 (AlbrZAW xvi.40 f.) city, town (√ unknown; Late Hebrew id.;? Phoenician ער Lzb345; Sabean ער fortified height (compare 3) PräZMG xxvi (1872), 437, ערן, עהרן city CISiv. pp. 94, 95, 173); — ׳ע absolute Gen 4:17 +, construct Gen 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה 1Kgs 14:12 + 7t.; suffix עִירִי 2Sam 19:38 + 2 t., etc.; plural עָרִים Isa 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Judg 10:4 (text error, or word-play, compare GFM); construct עָרֵי Gen 10:29 +; suffix עָרַי Zech 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Isa 1:7 +, etc.; —

1. city, town, abode of men Gen 4:17 (J) and often; גְּדֹלָה Gen 10:12 (J), +, or קְטַנָּה Eccl 9:14 (compare Gen 19:20); especially
  a. fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֺת 2Sam 20:6 +, etc., see בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַרצֹֿר Josh 19:29 (P) fortified city (of) Tyre, מָצוֺר ׳ע Ps 31:22 +, etc., see מָצוֺר, מְצוּרָה below צוּר (Mic 7:12 see מָצוֺר); עָזלָֿנוּ ׳ע Isa 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֺ Isa 17:9 דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ ׳ְ 1Sam 23:7 חוֺמָה ׳ע Lev 25:29, compare vLev 25:30 (P), 1Kgs 4:13 on Hos 10:14 see I. עַם 2 b (1Sam 9:14 read הַשֵּׁעַר ᵐ5 We Dr and others).
  b. opposed to כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָזִי 1Sam 6:18, ׳עָרֵי הַפּ Deut 3:5, הַפְּרָזוֺת ׳ע Esth 9:19 distinguished from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Josh 13:23 + often P.
  c. עָרֶיה are dependent towns Josh 13:17 (P), Jer 19:15.
  d. עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Josh 10:2 (JE) royal cities (i.e. with a king, compare Tel Amarna al šarri), so singular 1Sam 27:5, opposed to הַשָּׁדֶה עָרֵי v1Sam 27:5 rural towns; הַמְּלוּכָה ׳ע 2Sam 12:26 (but read הַמַּיִם ׳ע We Bu Kit Löhr HPS, see 2 below).
  e. עֶרֵי מִסְכְּנוֺת Exod 1:11 storage-cities, so 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 8:4; 2Chr 17:12 for נַפְתָּלִי ׳ע ׳מ 2Chr 16:4 read probably ׳כִּנְרוֺת עֵלוֿגו (as 1Kgs 15:20 Be Kit Buhl); compare הֶרֶכֶב ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19; 1Kgs 10:26 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 9:25; 2Chr 1:14 הַפָּרָשִׁים ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6. feminine (הַ)מִקְלָט ׳ע (P) asylum-cities Num 35:11; Num 35:13; Num 35:14; Josh 20:2, compare Num 35:25; Num 35:26; Num 35:27; Num 35:28; Num 35:32, לְמִקְלָט ׳ע vNum 35:12 מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ ׳ע Josh 21:13 + 4t. 21.
  g. (הָ)אֱלֹהִים ׳ע = Jerusalem: Ps 46:5; Ps 87:3, compare Ps 48:2; Ps 48:9 ׳י ׳ע Isa 60:14; Ps 101:8 צְבָאוֺת ׳י ׳ע Ps 48:9.
  h. city = inhabitants 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 5:12; Isa 22:2; Ruth 1:19, so 2Sam 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for ᵑ0 הָעָם) ᵐ5 We Dr and others (compare also following).
  i. combinations are: רֹכְלִים ׳ע Ezek 17:4 city of merchants; מוֺשָׁב ׳ע Ps 107:4; Ps 107:7; Ps 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: הַצֶּדֶק ׳ע Isa 1:26, ׳ע הָאֱמֶת Zech 8:3 הַקּדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 48:2; Isa 52:1; Neh 11:1; Neh 11:18, compare Dan 9:24, all of Jerusalem; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Jer 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, תְּהִלָּךְ ׳ע Jer 49:25, ׳הָע הַהֻלָּלהEzek 26:17, הָעַלִּיזָה ׳הָע Zeph 2:15 of Jerusalem also הַיּוֺנָה ׳הָע Zeph 3:1 oppressive city, (הַ)דָּמִים ׳ע bloody city Ezek 22:2; Ezek 24:6; Ezek 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nah 3:1.
2. of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9; 2Sam 6:10 + often (see דָּוִד); כֵית הַבָּ֑עַל ׳ע 2Kgs 10:25 (crpt; Klo proposes דְּבִיר for ׳ע, compare Kmp Benz Kit); הַמַּיִם ׳ע 2Sam 12:27 (so read also v2Sam 12:26, see 1 d).
3. apparently fortified place, of any size, עִיר מִבְצָר בְּכָלעָֿרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְּדַּל נוֺצְרִים עַדֿ 2Kgs 17:9 =2Kgs 18:8 compare Num 13:9 (P; but on compare of ver. see Di); perhaps also עֲמָלֵק ׳ע 1Sam 15:5 (HPS). — Hos 7:4 see עור Hiph`il

עִיר הַהֶרֶס see הֶרֶס.

city, cities, town, towns, one, …
ʿîr
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • excitement, anguish
    • of terror
    city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
    • city, town

גְּדֹל֔וֹת
גְּדֹל֔וֹת
Root word great, high, greater, loud, greatest, …
Dictionary form: גָּדוֹל · ɡaw-DOLE

Adjective — feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: great
great ×109 a great ×52 the great ×34 with a loud ×18 and great ×16 with a great ×16 the high ×15 with great ×14
More options
great — Most versatile modern rendering; fits most contexts.
large — Prefer for physical size or measurable magnitude.
mighty — Best for power, strength, or awe-inspiring scale.
loud — Use specifically for voices, sounds, or cries.
elder — When describing seniority or rank among people.
significant — Fits abstract or formal contexts; stresses importance.

BDB1498 H1419

BDB1497 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1499

גָּדוֺל522 adjective great — ׳גGen 4:13 + 279 t.; גָּדֹל Deut 26:8 + 22 t.; construct גְּדוֺל Ezek 17:3; Ezek 17:7; Jer 32:19, גְּדָלֿ Prov 19:19, גְּדָו֯לֿ Ps 145:8; Nah 1:3 suffix גְּדוֺלָם Jer 6:13 + 2 t.; plural גְּדוֺלִים Exod 7:4 + 11 t., גְּדֹלִים Gen 12:17 + 22 t.; construct גְּדֹלֵי 2Kgs 10:6 suffix גְּדֹלָיו 2Kgs 10:11; Jonah 3:7 גְּדוֺלֶיהָNah 3:10 feminine גְּדוֺלָה Num 22:18 + 96 t.; גְּדֹלָה Gen 15:12 + 31 t.; plural גְּדוֺלֹת Neh 9:26; Neh 12:31, גְּדֹלוֺת Deut 27:2 + 30 t., גְּדֹלֹת Num 13:28 + 7 t.; — great,

1. in magnitude and extent, e.g. sea Num 34:6, river Gen 15:18, wilderness Deut 1:19, rain 1Kgs 18:45, mountain Zech 4:7, city Gen 10:12, house Jer 52:13, altar Josh 22:10, throne 2Chr 9:17, sea-monsters Gen 1:21, fish Jonah 2:1, eagle Ezek 17:3, terebinth 2Sam 18:9, substance Gen 15:14, wealth Dan 11:2, victory 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 19:22 בּוֺר הַגָּדוֺל read הַגֹּרֶן ׳ב according to ᵐ5 We Dr.
2. in number, e.g. nation Gen 12:2, congregation Jer 31:8, camp 1Chr 12:22, army Ezek 17:17, sacrifice 2Kgs 10:19, slaughter Deut 28:59; 1Sam 4:17.
3. in intensity, fear Deut 4:34, weeping Isa 38:3, power כּחַ Exod 32:11, joy Jonah 4:6, anger Deut 29:23, indignation Jer 21:5, sin Gen 20:9, iniquity Gen 4:13, evil Gen 39:9, trespass Ezek 9:7.
4. in sound, loud voice Gen 39:14, cry Exod 11:6, shout Josh 6:5.
5. in age, elder, eldest, son Gen 27:1, daughter Gen 29:16, brother Gen 10:21, sister Ezek 16:46.
6. in importance,
  a. things (הַ)דָּבָר (הַ)גָּדֹל an important thing or affair Exod 18:22; Deut 4:32; 1Sam 12:16; 2Kgs 5:12; 2Kgs 8:13 יום יהוה Jer 30:7; Hos 2:2; Joel 2:11; Joel 3:4; Zeph 1:14; Mal 3:23.
  b. of men, great, distinguished, Moses Exod 11:3, David 2Sam 5:10, Job Job 1:3, Mordecai Esth 9:4, kings Eccl 9:14; Jer 27:7 especially of king of Assyr. הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:18, = Assyrian šarru rabbu, šarru dannu, e.g. KBi. 94, 1. 1; הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֺל the h.p. Lev 21:10 + 20 t.; (הָ)אִישׁ גָּדוֺל 1Sam 25:2; 2Sam 19:33; 2Kgs 5:1 אִשָּׁה גְדוֺלָה 2Kgs 4:8 גָּדוֺל a great man 2Sam 3:38; Mic 7:3 לֹא תֶהְדַּר פְּנֵי גָדוֺל thou shalt not honour (favour) the person of a great man (opposed to דָּל) Lev 19:15 (H); (הַ)גְּדוֺלִים the great 2Sam 7:9 = 1Chr 17:8; Neh 11:14 (see below) Prov 18:16; Prov 25:6; Jer 5:5 (2Kgs 10:11 ᵐ5L ἀγχιστεύοντας, Klo גֹּאֲלָיו); further גְּדֹלֵי הָעִיר 2Kgs 10:6 (כָּלֿ)גְּדֹלָיו 2Kgs 10:11; Jonah 3:7 כָּלֿ גְּדוֺלֶיהָ Nah 3:10.
  c. of God, himself 2Chr 2:4; Neh 4:8; Neh 8:6; Ps 86:10; Ps 99:2; Ps 135:5; Ps 147:5; Isa 12:6; Jer 10:6 (הָ)אֵל (הַ)גָּדוֺל Deut 7:21; Deut 10:17; Neh 1:5; Neh 9:32; Ps 77:14; Ps 95:3; Jer 32:18; Dan 9:4 גדול מכל האלהים Exod 18:11 גדול ומהלל מאד 1Chr 16:25; Ps 48:2; Ps 96:4; Ps 145:3 מלך גדול Ps 47:3; Ps 95:3; Mal 1:14 his works Deut 11:7; Judg 2:7; Ps 111:2, glory Ps 21:6; Ps 138:5, name Josh 7:9; 1Sam 12:22; 1Kgs 8:42; 2Chr 6:32; Ps 76:2; Ps 99:3; Jer 10:6; Jer 44:26; Ezek 36:23; Mal 1:11 (twice in verse), mercy 1Kgs 3:6; 2Chr 1:8; Ps 57:11; Ps 86:13; Ps 108:5, goodness Neh 9:25, compassion Isa 54:7.
7. in phrases עוֺד הַיּוֺם גָּדוֺל it is yet high day (French grand jour, German hoch am Tage, the day is at its height) Gen 29:7 כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדֹל (or reverse) as well small as great Deut 1:17; 1Chr 25:8; 1Chr 26:13; 2Chr 31:15 (לְ)מִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֺל (or reverse) from small to great Gen 19:11; 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 30:2; 1Sam 30:19; 2Kgs 23:2; 2Kgs 25:26; 2Chr 15:13; 2Chr 34:30; Esth 1:5; Esth 1:20; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:10; Jer 31:34; Jer 42:1; Jer 42:8; Jer 44:12; Jonah 3:5.
8. construct גְּדֹל (הַ)כְּנָפַיִם great of wings Ezek 17:8; Ezek 17:7, so of anger Prov 19:19 (Qr); usually of God, in power Nah 1:3, counsel Jer 32:19, mercy Ps 145:8.
9. as substantive concrete עשׂה גדלות do great things, of God's great acts of redemption and judgement Deut 10:21; Job 5:9; Job 9:10; Job 37:5; Ps 71:19; Ps 106:21 of the miracles of Elisha 2Kgs 8:4 of things too great and so presumptuous, haughty ׳תבקשׁ ג Jer 45:5 ׳מדברת גPs 12:4 לא ׳הלכתי בג Ps 131:1 (compare Biblical Aramaic Dan 7:8; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:20 also Rev 13:5).
10. as substantive neuter greatness of arm Exod 15:16 compare גָּבֹהַּ
4.

great, high, greater, loud, greatest, …
gādôl
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
  • (adj) great
    • large (in magnitude and extent)
      • "in number"in intensity"loud (in sound)"older (in age)"in importance
      • important things
        • "great, distinguished (of men)"God Himself (of God)
      (subst) great things"haughty things"greatness
    (n pr m) a great man or thing

חוֹמָ֖ה
חוֹמָ֖ה
Root word wall, walls, walled
Dictionary form: חוֹמָה · hoh-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: with walls
the wall ×42 wall ×12 the walls ×11 and the wall ×7 thy walls ×7 walls ×6 a wall ×4 on the wall ×4
More options
wall — Standard, neutral term; fits most contexts.
city wall — Clarifies defensive, urban context when needed.
rampart — Elevated register; emphasizes military fortification.
fortification — Broader term; stresses defensive purpose over structure.
battlements — Use when the top or parapet of the wall is in view.
perimeter wall — Useful for enclosure walls around towns or temple complex.

BDB2849 H2346

BDB2848 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2850

חוֺמָה133 noun feminine wall (as protection; construct חמת MI21; 21) — absolute ׳ח Lev 25:29 + 59 t. (including לְהַחוֺמָה Neh 12:38); חֹמָה Exod 14:29 + 8 t.; construct חוֺמַת Josh 6:5 + 28 t.; suffix חוֺמָתָהּ Nah 2:6; Nah 3:8 pl, absolute חוֺמוֺת 2Chr 8:5; Isa 26:1 חֹמוֺת Song 5:7 construct חוֺמוֺת Ps 51:20 חוֺמֹת 2Kgs 25:10 + 9 t.; suffix חוֺמֹתַי Isa 56:5 חֹמֹתֶיךָ Deut 28:52; Isa 25:12 חוֺמוֺתַיִךְ Ezek 26:10; Ezek 26:12; Ezek 27:11 (twice in verse); חוֺמֹתַיִךְ Isa 49:16 + 2 t.; חֹמֹתַיִךְ Isa 60:10 חֹמוֺתָ֑יִךְ Ezek 26:9 חוֺמוֺתֶיהָ Jer 50:15 חוֺמֹתֶיהָ Ps 55:11; Jer 1:15 dual חוֺמֹתַיִם Isa 22:11 חֹמֹתַיִם 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7 חֹמֹתָ֑יִם Jer 39:4 (on form see Ol§ 113 a); —

1. usually term for wall of city Deut 28:52; Josh 2:15; Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20 (all J E), 1Sam 31:10; 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 11:20; 2Sam 11:21 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 18:26; 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:11; Isa 36:12; Isa 1:10; Isa 1:14; Isa 20:10; Isa 20:11; Isa 25:12; Nah 2:6; Nah 3:8; +, Jer 1:15 +, Joel 2:7; Joel 2:9 בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerusalem) i.e. between the two walls of the Ophel and the southwest hill respectively, of a reservoir Isa 22:11, a gate 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 34:4 = Jer 52:7 symbol of Israel, Amos 7:7; 2Chr 8:5; 2Chr 14:6; 2Chr 25:23; 2Chr 26:6 (3 t. in verse); Ps 51:20; Neh 1:3 + 31 t. in Nehemiah; חוֺמַת אֲנָךְ Amos 7:7 (literally wall of a plummet) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line ? We thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֺמָה = walled city, Lev 25:29, ׳עִיר אשׁר לֹא ח vLev 25:30 (לֹא = לוֺ), opposed to ׳הַחֲצֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח vLev 25:31 (all H); more elaborately גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ ׳עָרִים בְּצֻרֹת ח Deut 3:5, compare 2Chr 8:5 גְּדֹלוֺת חוֺמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחשֶׁת ׳ע 1Kgs 4:13 ׳בְצוּרָה ח Isa 2:15 ׳ח singular of wall of Jerusalem 1Kgs 3:1 + often; contempt. חוֺמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Neh 3:35 less often plural Neh 2:13 +; of specific portions of wall הָעֹפֶל ׳ח 2Chr 27:3; Neh 3:27 בְּרֵבַת הַשֶּׁלַח ׳ח Neh 3:15 ׳הַח הָֽרְחָבָה Neh 3:8; Neh 12:38 also (generally) of Babylon Jer 51:58. — Men build, בנה, the ׳ח 1Kgs 9:15 +, especially (of rebuilding), Neh 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Isa 22:10 it is joined together קשׁר Neh 3:38 is repaired ׳עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח Neh 4:1 it falls נפל Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; 1Kgs 20:30; Ezek 38:20 the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל 2Sam 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera lectio, see Dr); destroys it הִשְׁחִית Lam 2:8 שִׁהֵת Ezek 26:4 makes a breach in it ׳פָּרַץ בּ 2Kgs 14:13 = 2Chr 25:23, compare פרץ with accusative 2Chr 26:6; Neh 3:35, and ׳וֶיִּבֶן אֶתכֿלהֿח הַפְּרוּצָה 2Chr 32:5 also (in simile) ׳עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ח Prov 25:28 and Punic participle מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Neh 1:3 one breakes it down נָתַץ 2Kgs 25:10; 2Chr 36:19; Jer 39:8; Jer 52:14 tears it down הָרַס Ezek 26:12, compare passive Jer 50:15 Amos predicts that ׳י will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): ׳וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח Amos 1:7; Amos 1:10 or kindle fire in ׳וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח vAmos 1:14, so Jer 49:27.
2. wall of a building:
  a. citadel, fortress; ארמנותיה ׳ח Lam 2:7.
  b. surrounding new temple Ezek 40:5; Ezek 42:20.
3. figurative of waters of Red Sea Exod 14:22; Exod 14:29 (P), compare Nah 3:8 of David's men as protectors of Nabal's shepherds 1Sam 25:16 of prophet as object of assault חוֺמַת נְחשֶׁת Jer 1:18 נחשׁת בְּצוּרָה ׳ח Jer 15:20 of strong, virtuous woman Song 8:9; Song 8:10 of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Isa 26:1 (|| חֵל); of ׳י himself ׳ח אֵשׁ Zech 2:9 a dangerous political scheme is called breach in נִשְׁגָּבָה ׳ח Isa 30:13 נִשְׂגָּבָה ׳ח in simile of wealth Prov 18:11 (|| קִרְיַת עֻזּוֺ); a reckless man is ׳עִיר פְּרוּצָה אֵין ח Prov 25:28.

wall, walls, walled
ḥômâ
a wall of protection
  • wall

וּ בְרִ֥יחַ
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
בְרִ֥יחַ
Root word bars, bar, fugitives
Dictionary form: בְּרִיחַ · beh-REE-ah

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: bars
bars ×10 the bars ×6 and bars ×4 thereof and the bars thereof ×3 and the bars ×2 bar ×2 for the bars ×2 her bars ×2
More options
bar — Most direct modern equivalent; fits locks, gates, doors.
bolt — Preferred when the bar slides to lock a door or gate.
crossbar — Best for structural bars spanning a frame or wall.
locking bar — Clarifies security function; good in legal or narrative contexts.
beam — Use when the bar is large, load-bearing, or architectural.

BDB1323 H1280

BDB1322 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1324

בְּרִיחַ noun masculine bar (compare Assyrian burû—u, spearshaft, spear, COTGloss) — בְּרִיחַ Deut 3:5 = 11 t. (construct Amos 1:5 etc.); בְּרִיחוֺ Exod 35:11; Exod 39:38 Kt (Qr both חַֿיו needless); plural בְּרִיחִם Exod 26:26 + 8 t., בְּרִיחִים 2Chr 14:6, בְּרִיחֵי Exod 36:31 + 3 t., בְּרִיחָ֑יִךְ Nah 3:13, בְּרִיחָיו Exod 40:18 + 7 t. (+ Qr Exod 35:11; Exod 39:33), בְּרִיחֶיהָ Jer 51:30; Lam 2:9, בְּרִחֶיהָ Jonah 2:7, בְּרִיחֶ֑הָ Isa 15:5 but compare below; —

1. a. bar, of wood, joining boards of tabernacle Exod 26:26; Exod 26:27 (twice in verse); Exod 26:28; Exod 26:29 (twice in verse); Exod 35:11; Exod 36:31; Exod 36:32 (twice in verse); Exod 36:33; Exod 36:34 (twice in verse); Exod 40:18; Num 3:36; Num 4:31 (all P).
  b. bar
   (s) of city-gates Deut 3:5; Judg 16:8; 1Sam 23:7; 2Chr 8:5; 2Chr 14:6 id. of gates of Jerusalem Lam 2:9 also (|| מנעולים) Neh 3:3; Neh 3:6; Neh 3:18; Neh 3:14; Neh 3:15 compare Ps 147:13 compare Amos 1:5; Nah 3:13; Jer 49:31; Ezek 38:11; Jer 51:30 bars of city-gates, נחשׁת ׳ב 1Kgs 4:13, ברזל ׳ב Isa 45:2 (of Babylon, broken before Cyrus); בְּרִיחֶ֑הָ Isa 15:5 read probably with ᵑ7 Di and others ׳בָּר see בָּרִיחַ; yet compare Che's critical note
2. figurative בַּרְזָל ׳ב of distress, etc. Ps 107:16 of fortress, אַרְמוֺן ׳ב in simile Prov 18:19 figurative ׳ב of earth (pictured as house out of which Jonah is shut) Jonah 2:7. (Older usage singular of bar of door or gate, i.e. the great bar across the gate; so Deut 3:5; Judg 16:3; Amos 1:5; 1Sam 23:7; 1Kgs 4:13; Jer 49:31; Prov 18:9; Job 38:10; 2Chr 8:5; Ezek 38:11 Later plural Isa 45:2; Lam 2:9; 2Chr 14:6; Neh 3:3; Neh 3:6; Neh 3:13; Neh 3:14; Neh 3:15; Ps 147:13, but also Nah 3:13.)

bars, bar, fugitives
bĕrîaḥ
a bolt
  • bar
    • of wood
      • "of city gates
    of tribulation, a fortress, of the earth as a prison (figuratively)

נְחֹֽשֶׁת
נְחֹֽשֶׁת
Root word brass, brasen, fetters, chains, copper, …
Dictionary form: נְחֹשֶׁת · neh-hoh-SHET

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and brasen
of brass ×42 brass ×11 the brasen ×9 and brass ×8 brasen ×6 the brass ×6 and the brasen ×5 in brass ×4
More options
bronze — Most accurate modern term; an alloy of copper and tin.
copper — Prefer when context suggests pure or unalloyed metal.
brass — Modernized KJV rendering; retain if tradition/familiarity matters.
shackles — Use specifically for the 'fetters/chains' meaning (captivity context).
chains — Alternative for restraint/captivity contexts; more vivid.

BDB5142 H5178

BDB5141 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5143

I. נְח֫שֶׁת137 noun masculine1Kgs 7:45 (compare AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 108; feminine1Chr 18:8) copper, bronze (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician נחשת; Palmyrene נחשא Lzb322; Syriac , ᵑ7 נְחָשָׁא, Arabic , Ethiopic (so also Old Ethiopic DHMEpigr.Denkm.aus Abess.(1894),52); WMMAs.u.Eur.127 cites Egyptian teµ(µ)ost, copper (= *tenµost), as loan-word from נְחשֶׁת + feminine article); — ׳נ absolute Gen 4:22 +; construct Exod 38:29 suffix נְחֻשְׁתִּי Lam 3:7, נְחֻשְׁתֵךְ Ezek 16:36, נְחֻשְׁתָּהּ Ezek 24:11, נְחֻשְׁתָּם 2Kgs 25:13 + 2 t.; dual נְחֻשְׁתַּ֫יִם Judg 16:21 + 6 t.; —

1. copper, as ore Deut 8:9, compare Zech 6:8 worked by artificer Gen 4:22 (J) 1Kgs 7:14 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:12 material — doubtless hardened with alloy, probably tin, making bronze, compare NowArchaeology i. 243 BenzArchaeology 214 — of armour 1Sam 17:5; 1Sam 17:6; 1Kgs 14:27, utensils 2Kgs 25:14 = Jer 52:18; Lev 6:21; Num 17:4 + very often, altar 2Kgs 16:14; 2Kgs 16:15; Exod 38:30; Exod 39:39, etc., and other objects Num 21:9 (twice in verse) (JE), 2Kgs 18:4; 1Kgs 4:13; 1Kgs 7:15ff. +, especially in description of tabernacle and temple; cast 1Kgs 7:14 polished מְמֹרָט v1Kgs 7:45, מָרוּק 2Chr 4:16 (compare Lev 6:21); and shining מֻצְהָב Ezra 8:27. On קָלָל ׳נ Ezek 1:7; Dan 10:6 see קלל; ׳נ as spoil of war 2Sam 8:8; 2Kgs 25:13 = Jer 52:17; Jer 52:20 etc.
2. fetters of copper or bronze, usually dual Judg 16:21; 2Sam 3:34; 2Kgs 25:7 = Jer 39:7; Jer 52:11; 2Chr 36:6, also 2Chr 33:11 singular only Lam 3:7 (figurative of oppression).
3. as less in value than gold but more than wood Isa 60:17 (twice in verse); figurative of worthless people Jer 6:28 (+ בַּרְזֶל), id. (as dross of silver) Ezek 22:18 (+ בְּדִיל, בַּרְזֶל, עוֺפֶרֶת). — On Ezek 16:36 see IV. נחשׁ.
4. figurative of pitiless sky Deut 28:23.

BDB5148 H5178

BDB5147 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5149

II. [נְח֫שֶׁת] noun [feminine] suffix נְחֻשְׁתֵּךְ Ezek 16:36 where context (|| עֶרְוָה) favours meaning lust, harlotry, or specific sens. obscoen. (Co [citing Ki Ra] Berthol, see also Da); text perhaps corrupt (compare NöZMG xl (1886). 730); Sm proposes תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ, so apparently ToyHpt; Or בָּשְׁתֵּךְ.

BDB9703 H5174 H5154 H5178

BDB9702 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9704

נְחָשׁ noun masculine copper, bronze (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew נְחשֶׁת, נְחוּשָׁה, √ III. נחשׁ); — as material: absolute ׳נ Dan 2:32; Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 7:19 emphatic נְחָשָׁא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39; Dan 2:45; Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23.

brass, brasen, fetters, chains, copper, …
nĕḥōšet
copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e., coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver)
  • copper, bronze
    • copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)
      • "fetters (of copper or bronze)"copper (as value)
    lust, harlotry
    • meaning dubious

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
בֶּן גֶּ֖בֶר Tipeha — a lesser break בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here ל֡וֹ חַוֹּת֩ יָאִ֨יר בֶּן מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּגִּלְעָ֗ד Revia — a lesser break ל֚וֹ Yetiv — a lesser break חֶ֤בֶל אַרְגֹּב֙ Pashta — a lesser break אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן Zaqef Qatan — a strong break שִׁשִּׁים֙ Pashta — a lesser break עָרִ֣ים גְּדֹל֔וֹת Zaqef Qatan — a strong break חוֹמָ֖ה Tipeha — a lesser break וּבְרִ֥יחַ נְחֹֽשֶׁת Silluq — end of the verse

בֶּן-גֶּבֶר בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד לוֹ חַוֹּת יָאִיר בֶּן-מְנַשֶּׁה אֲשֶׁר בַּגִּלְעָד לוֹ חֶבֶל אַרְגֹּב אֲשֶׁר בַּבָּשָׁן שִׁשִּׁים עָרִים גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃
13
The son of Geber, in Ramoth-gilead; to him pertained the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with walls and brasen bars:
Cross References

Deuteronomy 3:4

וַנִּלְכֹּד אֶת-כָּל-עָרָיו בָּעֵת הַהִוא לֹא הָֽיְתָה קִרְיָה אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא-לָקַחְנוּ מֵֽאִתָּם שִׁשִּׁים עִיר כָּל-חֶבֶל אַרְגֹּב מַמְלֶכֶת עוֹג בַּבָּשָֽׁן׃
4
And we took all his cities at that time, there was not a city which we took not from them, threescore cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

Numbers 32:41

וְיָאִיר בֶּן-מְנַשֶּׁה הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת-חַוֹּֽתֵיהֶם וַיִּקְרָא אֶתְהֶן חַוֹּת יָאִֽיר׃
41
And Jair the son of Manasseh went and took the small towns thereof, and called them Havoth-jair.

1 Kings 22:3

וַיֹּאמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ-יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל-עֲבָדָיו הַיְדַעְתֶּם כִּי-לָנוּ רָמֹת גִּלְעָד וַֽאֲנַחְנוּ מַחְשִׁים מִקַּחַת אֹתָהּ מִיַּד מֶלֶךְ אֲרָֽם׃
3
And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria?

Psalms 22:12

סְבָבוּנִי פָּרִים רַבִּים אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן כִּתְּרֽוּנִי׃
12
Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.

Deuteronomy 3:13

וְיֶתֶר הַגִּלְעָד וְכָל-הַבָּשָׁן מַמְלֶכֶת עוֹג נָתַתִּי לַֽחֲצִי שֵׁבֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה כֹּל חֶבֶל הָֽאַרְגֹּב לְכָל-הַבָּשָׁן הַהוּא יִקָּרֵא אֶרֶץ רְפָאִֽים׃
13
And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants.

2 Kings 9:14

וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר יֵהוּא בֶּן-יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן-נִמְשִׁי אֶל-יוֹרָם וְיוֹרָם הָיָה שֹׁמֵר בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד הוּא וְכָל-יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי חֲזָאֵל מֶֽלֶךְ-אֲרָֽם׃
14
So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. (Now Joram had kept Ramoth-gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Syria.

2 Kings 9:1

וֶֽאֱלִישָׁע הַנָּבִיא קָרָא לְאַחַד מִבְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ חֲגֹר מָתְנֶיךָ וְקַח פַּךְ הַשֶּׁמֶן הַזֶּה בְּיָדֶךָ וְלֵךְ רָמֹת גִּלְעָֽד׃
1
And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of the prophets, and said unto him, Gird up thy loins, and take this box of oil in thine hand, and go to Ramoth-gilead:

Joshua 21:38

וּמִמַּטֵּה-גָד אֶת-עִיר מִקְלַט הָֽרֹצֵחַ אֶת-רָמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד וְאֶת-מִגְרָשֶׁהָ וְאֶֽת-מַחֲנַיִם וְאֶת-מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃
38
And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with her suburbs,

Psalms 68:15

הַר-אֱלֹהִים הַר-בָּשָׁן הַר גַּבְנֻנִּים הַר-בָּשָֽׁן׃
15
The hill of God is as the hill of Bashan; an high hill as the hill of Bashan.

Joshua 20:8

וּמֵעֵבֶר לְיַרְדֵּן יְרִיחוֹ מִזְרָחָה נָֽתְנוּ אֶת-בֶּצֶר בַּמִּדְבָּר בַּמִּישֹׁר מִמַּטֵּה רְאוּבֵן וְאֶת-רָאמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד מִמַּטֵּה-גָד וְאֶת-‫(גלון)‬ גּוֹלָן בַּבָּשָׁן מִמַּטֵּה מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃
8
And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh.

Deuteronomy 4:43

אֶת-בֶּצֶר בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּאֶרֶץ הַמִּישֹׁר לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי וְאֶת-רָאמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד לַגָּדִי וְאֶת-גּוֹלָן בַּבָּשָׁן לַֽמְנַשִּֽׁי׃
43
Namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites.

Deuteronomy 3:8

וַנִּקַּח בָּעֵת הַהִוא אֶת-הָאָרֶץ מִיַּד שְׁנֵי מַלְכֵי הָֽאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן מִנַּחַל אַרְנֹן עַד-הַר חֶרְמֽוֹן׃
8
And we took out at that time of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites the land that was on this side Jordan, from the river of Arnon unto mount Hermon;
1 Kings 4:12
Read 1 Kings 4
1 Kings 4:14