2 Chronicles 6:12

וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד לִפְנֵי֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה נֶ֖גֶד כָּל קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּפְרֹ֖שׂ כַּפָּֽיו

And he stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands:

Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַֽ יַּעֲמֹ֗ד

וַֽ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַּעֲמֹ֗ד

Root word stood, stand, up, set, still, …

Dictionary form: עָמַד · aw-MAHD

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and he stood

stood ×59 and stood ×45 stand ×32 shall stand ×16 standing ×10 standeth ×9 to stand ×9 and set ×7

More options

stand — Most versatile; covers position, endurance, and resolve.

remain — Prefer when emphasizing continuation or persistence.

take a position — Good for confrontational or deliberate stance contexts.

stay — Informal; suits narrative passages about halting movement.

endure — Best when the focus is on lasting through time or trial.

be present — Use for cultic or official attendance before someone.

BDB6128 H5975

עָמַד₅₂₀ take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic prop up, support, and derivatives; Ethiopic pillar; ᵑ7 עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac , Palmyrene עמודא, compare also proper name תימעמד; Sabean עמד pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other derivatives from √ עמד DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), plural אעמדן pillars DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. sus Abess. 80}); —

Qal₄₃₅ Perfect ׳ע Gen 19:27 +, 3 feminine singular עָֽמְדָה 2Kgs 13:6 +, etc.; Imperfect יַעֲמֹד Exod 21:21, יַעֲמוֺד Nah 1:6 +, יַעֲמָדֿ 1Sam 16:22 +; 1 singular אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Hab 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד 2Sam 1:10 3 masculine plural יַעַמְדוּ Jer 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Ezek 1:21 +, 2 masculine plural וַתַּעַמְדוּן Deut 4:11, etc.; Imperative עֲמֹד 1Sam 9:27 +, עֲמָדֿ 2Sam 1:9 feminine singular עִמְדִי Isa 47:12; Jer 48:19, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָמֹד Esth 9:16 construct עֲמֹד Exod 18:23 +, suffix עָמְדִי Jer 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Obad 1:11, etc.; Participle עֹמֵד Isa 3:13 +, feminine עֹמֶ֫דֶת Hag 2:5 +, etc.; —

1. a. take one's stand, and (especially participle) stand, be in a standing attitude: with עַל by, 1Sam 26:13; 2Sam 2:25; 2Kgs 2:7 +, so participle Gen 18:8 (J), Gen 41:1; Gen 41:17 (E) +, עַל on, Exod 3:5 (E), Deut 27:12 +; with ב location Exod 32:26; Num 22:24; Num 22:26 (all J E), +; with אֶל location 1Kgs 20:38 (+ לְ person), Jer 48:19; Ezek 21:26; Ezek 27:29 with אֶל person 1Sam 17:51; 2Kgs 5:25 with אֵצֶל Gen 41:3 (E), Ezek 9:2; Ezek 10:6; Neh 8:4 with לִפְנֵי Gen 18:22; 1Kgs 3:16; 1Kgs 8:22 +; before ׳י, for intercession Gen 19:27 (J), Deut 4:10; Jer 15:1; Jer 18:20, etc.; take one's stand and do a thing 1Sam 17:8; 1Kgs 8:55; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:13 +; followed by infinitive 1Kgs 8:11 = 2Chr 5:14 +.
b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2Kgs 10:9 +.
c. take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Judg 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Ges. Abh. 247 f.}) 2Chr 26:18 compare עַלדַּֿם Lev 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one's blood, life; with יָ֑חַד Isa 50:8 together, i.e. against each other.
d. present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Gen 43:15 (J), Exod 9:10 (E), Num 27:2; Num 27:21 (P), 1Sam 16:21 +; before ׳י (in sanctuary) Deut 19:17; Jer 7:10 compare Jer 18:20; Lev 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1Kgs 22:21 = 2Chr 18:20 with ב location of child at birth Hos 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Dan 1:4
e. with לִפְנֵי attend upon, be(come) servant of 1Sam 16:22 (see Dr), 1Kgs 1:2 +; servant of ׳י 1Kgs 17:1; 1Kgs 18:15; 2Kgs 3:14; 2Kgs 5:16; Jer 15:19 priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֺׅ׳לִפְנֵי י Deut 10:8; Judg 20:28; Ezek 44:15; 2Chr 29:11 of Levites, stand before congregation for menial duties Ezek 44:11; Num 16:9 (P). feminine stand afar מֵרָחוֺק Exod 20:18; Exod 20:21 (E), Isa 59:14; Ps 38:12, ׳בְּר Ps 10:1 ׳מִנֶּגֶד מֵר 2Kgs 2:7 stand aloof, מִנֶֹּגֶד Obad 1:11; Ps 38:12.
g. stand (silent) Job 32:16.
h. stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hi Du).
i. stand, subject רֶגֶל Zech 14:4 (עַל location), Ps 122:2 (ב location) so Ps 26:12 (figurative).
j. stand, of water, עַלהָֿרִים Ps 104:6. See also prepositions אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc.

2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Josh 10:13 (J E; || וַיִּדֹּם), sun vJosh 10:13, both, Hab 3:11 of person 1Sam 9:27 (opposed to עָבַר), 2Sam 2:28 (opposed to רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Nah 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) 2Kgs 4:6 remain standing, with תַּחְתֵּינוּ Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28 so (without ׳ת) Lev 13:5; Lev 13:37 (all P).
b. = be inactive 2Chr 20:17 (opposed to לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ).
c. = be attentive Job 37:14.
d. stop, cease doing a thing 2Kgs 13:18 with מִן Gen 29:35; Gen 30:9 (both J), Joel 1:15.

3. a. tarry, delay Gen 45:9 (E), Josh 10:19 (J E; opposed to רָדַף), 1Sam 20:38 (opposed to מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +.
b. remain, with ב location 2Kgs 15:20; Deut 10:10 with עִמָּדִי Deut 5:28 (opposed to שׁוּב); + infinitive purpose Esth 7:7.
c. continue, abide Jer 32:14; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:27 (opposed to אָבַד); = dwell Exod 8:18 (J; עַל location); לָעַד Ps 19:10; Ps 111:3; Ps 111:10; Ps 112:3; Ps 112:9 לְעוֺלָם Ps 33:11; Eccl 1:4 בְּתוֺךְ Hag 2:5 of plan = be established Ps 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Isa 14:24), so Esth 3:4; Dan 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Josh 2:11) Eccl 2:9 לֹא יַעֲמָדבִּֿי כֹחַ Dan 10:17.
d. endure Exod 18:23 (E), Ezek 22:14 (|| חָזַק).
e. be steadfast Deut 25:8; Ruth 2:7. feminine persist Eccl 8:3.

4. make a stand, hold one's ground, Amos 2:15; 2Kgs 10:4; Mal 3:2 +; with לִפְנֵי Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4 +, בִּפְנֵי Josh 10:8; Josh 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer vJosh 21:42), Josh 23:9 (all D); with עַל, for one's life Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16.

5. stand upright:
a. remain standing 2Kgs 13:6 of head 2Kgs 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (figurative of endurance) Job 8:15; Prov 12:7.
b. stand up, opposed to sit, Neh 8:5; Job 29:8 (+ קוּם); opposed to lie prostrate Ezek 2:1 (עַלרַֿגְלֶיךָ), so Ezek 37:10 (id.), Dan 10:1, vDan 10:11 (עַלעָֿמְדָ֑ךָ), Esth 8:4 of revival after death Dan 12:13 (late for קוּם).
c. stand up, rise, of water Josh 3:13 (+ appositive נֵד אֶחָד), vJosh 3:16 (+ קָמוּ + id.; both J E).
d. be erect, upright, of boards Exod 26:15; Exod 36:20 (P).

6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezra 2:63 = Neh 7:65; Ps 106:30 (compare Eccl 47:1; Eccl 47:12), especially Dan 8:22 (twice in verse); Dan 8:23; Dan 11:2; Dan 11:3; Dan 11:4; Dan 12:1, compare Dan 11:7 (כַּנּוֺ), vDan 11:20 vDan 11:21 (עַלכַּֿנּוֺ); with תַּחַת instead of Eccl 4:15 of war 1Chr 20:4, deliverance Esth 4:14.
b. stand forth, appear = come into being Isa 48:13; Ps 33:9; Ps 119:90.
c. rise up as foe (earlier קום Amos 7:9; Gen 4:8), with עַל against 1Chr 21:1; 2Chr 20:23; Dan 8:25; Dan 11:14,
c. לְנֶגְדִּי against Dan 10:13.

7. rare usages are:
a. אֶתֿ ׳ע stand with, as attendant, servitor Gen 45:1 (E), Num 1:5 (P).
b. take one's stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית 2Kgs 23:3.
c. stand עַלחֶֿרֶב Ezek 33:26 (resort to the sword).
d. stand ׳בְּסוֺד י Jer 23:18; Jer 23:22 (see סוֺד).
e. be appointed Ezra 10:14. feminine stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Lev 18:23 (carnal intercourse)
g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Jer 48:11 (figurative of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3 b). — עָמְדִי Dan 11:1b is corrupt, read probably עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subject), join then to Dan 10:21 and strike out Dan 11:1a; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau. Hiph`il₈₃ (compare Dr^{Intr. (6) 535}) Perfect 3 masculine singular הֶעֱמִיד 1Kgs 12:32 +, 2 masculine singular הֶעֱמַדְתָּה Ps 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Num 3:6 +, etc., Imperfect יַעֲמִיד Prov 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד 2Kgs 8:1 +; 3 feminine singular suffix וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, 1 plural וַנַּעֲמִיד Neh 4:3, etc.; Imperative הַעֲמֵד Isa 21:6 suffix הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ezek 24:11 Infinitive absolute הַעֲמֵיד Neh 7:3 construct הַעֲמִיד 1Kgs 15:4 +; Participle מַעֲמִיד 2Chr 18:34 (but see Hoph`al): —

1. station, set, with accusative Judg 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Num 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת) 1Kgs 12:32 (ב location), 2Chr 19:5 (id.), Neh 13:11(עַלֿ עָמְדָם), Isa 21:6 + (Neh 4:7 a read perhaps Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), with עַל against Neh 4:3.

2. cause to stand firm Ps 18:34 = 2Sam 22:34 (with עַל location); maintain (opposed to overthrow) Exod 9:16 (J), 1Kgs 15:4, compare Prov 29:4.

3. cause to stand up, set up, erect, with accusative + עַלרַֿגְלַי Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, so עַלעָֿמְדִי Dan 8:18 temple Ezra 2:68 (עַל location), compare 2Chr 24:13 (על location, of repairs); especially doors Neh 3:1 + 7 t. Nehemiah; Asherim 2Chr 33:19, compare 2Chr 25:14.

4. + לִפְנֵי present one before king Gen 47:7 (P), ׳י (in sanctuary) Lev 14:11 + 3 t. P, + (of goat) Lev 16:7, priest Lev 27:8 + 4 t. P, + (of beast) Lev 27:11.

5. appoint Neh 7:3; 1Chr 15:17 + (late); with עַל over Neh 13:9 +, with infinitive purpose Neh 6:7 +, with 2 accusative 1Chr 15:16 = assign (land) to (ל) 2Chr 33:8 (|| 2Kgs 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests 2Kgs 8:14; 2Kgs 31:2, compare Neh 13:30 ordain commandments, עַל person Neh 10:33, compare 2Chr 30:5 establish עַדהָֿעוֺלָם 1Chr 17:14 (ב location), compare 2Chr 9:8; Ps 148:6 with accusative of covenant Ps 105:10 = 1Chr 16:17 (ל person + ל of thing); with חָזוֺן vision Dan 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים).

6. other meanings:
a. אֶתפָּֿנָיו ׳ע 2Kgs 8:11 have a fixed look.
b. with accusative רַגְלַי + ב location Ps 31:9 (figurative).
c. make to stand (in a covt.; see || 2Kgs 23:3) 2Chr 34:32.
d. restore waste places Ezra 9:9.
e. + לְפָנֶיהָ Esth 4:5, i.e. make servant to. feminine cause wind to arise Ps 107:25.
g. = raise an army Dan 11:11; Dan 11:13. — 2Chr 18:34 see Hoph`al; Ps 30:8 see עֹז; Ezek 29:7 see מָעַד. Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָעֳמַדֿ Lev 16:10 be presented (of goat), + ׳לִפְנֵי י; Participle הָיָה מָעֳמָד 1Kgs 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also || 2Chr 18:34 (as ᵐ5), for ᵑ0 מַעֲמִיד. — On Perfect הָעֳמַדְתִּי see עֹז Ps 30:8.

stood, stand, up, set, still, …

ʿāmad

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand

(Qal)

to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of

to station, set

לִ פְנֵי֙

לִ

Prefix — preposition to, for

פְנֵי֙

Root word before, face, presence, because, faces, …

Dictionary form: פָּנִים · paw-NEEM

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: before

before ×796 the face ×55 from before ×53 his face ×53 because ×49 my face ×48 thy face ×39 before him ×38

More options

face — Most direct rendering; prefer for literal, physical contexts.

presence — Ideal for divine or royal encounter contexts.

countenance — Slightly elevated; suits emotional or expressive descriptions.

surface — Use for physical objects, land, or water (e.g. 'surface of the deep').

in front of — Best for spatial or positional prepositional phrases.

because of — Use when פָּנִים heads a causal prepositional phrase.

BDB4446 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָָֽי 1Kgs 6:17 see below [ פָּנֶה], פָּנִים.

BDB6680 H6440 H3942

[פָּנֶה], plural פָּנִים₂₁₂₃ noun masculine^{Prov 25:23} and (Ezekiel = Prov 21:21 = edge; on 2Sam 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute פָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי 2Sam 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular פָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular פָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֺ Ps 11:7 (Kö^ll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralפְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Exod 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}), Prov 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה); —

I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Ezek 27:35 +, compare Ezek 1:6; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 etc.):
a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳עוֺר פ Exod 35:29; Exod 35:30; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.
b. of ׳י Exod 33:20, compare vExod 33:23.
c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10, judging Ezek 20:35, speaking Exod 33:11, and so ׳בְּפ ׳פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17; 2Chr 25:21.
d. of relations with ׳׃י ׳הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.
e. of ׳י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17. — See further below

7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exod 33:14; Exod 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of ׳י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Prov 7:15.
b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare vExod 10:29 (all J), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God vGen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.

3. face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exod 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exod 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:11; 2Chr 3:13 +.

4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gen 30:40 ׳אַרְיֵה וּפ ׳פ נֶשֶׁר ׳שׁוֺר ופ Ezek 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezek 10:14 אַרְיֵה ׳פ also 1Chr 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezek 41:19 ׳פִּתְחֵי פ Job 41:6 of crocodile.

5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ ׳פ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, תֵבֵל ׳פ Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6 of a field Prov 24:31 תְהוֺם ׳פ Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, הַמַּיִם ׳פ Gen 7:18 רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ Gen 1:20 כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֺט ׳פ Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֺ ׳פ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezek 41:14; Ezek 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳פ Ezek 41:21 of gate Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 43:4 of chamber Ezek 40:44 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46 of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13 הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳פ 2Sam 10:9 battle-front = 1Chr 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in gender, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezek 21:21, of axe Eccl 10:10 = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Prov 27:23 הַדָּבָר ׳פ 2Sam 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.

6. as adverb of location מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר 2Sam 10:9 before and behind = ׳וְֿ ׳פ 1Chr 19:10, also Ezek 2:10; 2Chr 13:14 פְּנֵי toward Song 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2Chr 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Kgs 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deut 2:12; Deut 2:20; Josh 11:10; Judg 1:10; Judg 1:11; Judg 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).

7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph`al; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה 3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph`il; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi`el; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —

1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי:
a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2.

b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4; Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 41:25; Ezek 42:2; Ezek 42:3; Ezek 42:7; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21.
d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezek 16:5.

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, vExod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳י ׳אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, Ges^Thes Di^{Exod 23:15} Che^{Isa 1:12, critical note}, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14.
b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳אֶתפֿ ׳לִפְנֵי י vLev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת

4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24; Deut 11:25, and עמד Josh 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9, so Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:31. (b) in front of, Ezek 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exod 4:21; Exod 11:10; 2Sam 2:14; Prov 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם ׳לפני פ and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 ׳כִּי הִקְרָה י לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exod 29:10; Prov 18:16 etc. In particular,
a. With the implication of
(a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2; 1Sam 3:1.
(b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:29: also 1Sam 2:28; 2Sam 19:14.
(c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exod 2:23), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12).
(d) openly before, 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35, especially ׳לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere.
(e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure.
(f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Chr 14:6), 2Chr 24:51; Song 8:12.
(g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ל, vDeut 24:13 ׳י ׳צְדָקָה ל, 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳י ׳ל Josh 6:26; 1Sam 26:19, ׳י ׳לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Prov 14:12; Ps 143:2 ׳וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5; Neh 2:6; Esth 5:14 ׳טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים.
(h) ׳לִפְנֵי י, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deut 6:25; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so vDeut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26; Deut 15:20), vDeut 15:12 (rejoice, so vDeut 15:18; Deut 27:7; Isa 9:2), Josh 18:6; Josh 24:1; Judg 11:11; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 12:7; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 23:18; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P, as Exod 16:9; Exod 16:33; Exod 16:34; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11; Lev 3:1; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18. So in ׳י ׳הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.
b. In other phrases: —
(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19.
(b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12; Deut 26:10; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30.
(c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23; Josh 10:12; Josh 11:6 + (Dr^{DT lxxxii}): compare Judg 4:15; 2Sam 5:20; Isa 45:1; Jer 1:17.
(d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ע, above 3), Exod 9:11; Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4; Jer 49:19; Ps 76:8; Ps 147:17; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2; Josh 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Josh 7:12; Josh 7:13.
(e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8; 2Chr 14:9.
(f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gen 18:8; Gen 24:33 +.
(g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8; Deut 11:26; Deut 11:32; Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19; 1Kgs 9:6 (D²), Jer 9:12; Jer 21:8; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1.
c. With reference to position:
(a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exod 17:5; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Num 10:33; Isa 52:12; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Isa 8:4; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lam 1:5; Lam 1:6
(b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deut 10:11; Judg 9:39; 1Sam 8:20; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16; 2Chr 1:10; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was.
(c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.
d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳אשׁר ל (usually ׳על פני מ: see 7 a d), 1Chr 19:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ל, Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ל, Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6; Num 3:38; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1Kgs 6:21; 1Kgs 7:49 +.
e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22; 1Kgs 16:25; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isa 43:10; Isa 48:7; Prov 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳י's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי, Gen 36:31; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4. feminine In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).

5. מִלִּפְנֵי₇₃ from before: —
a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
(a) Gen 41:46 ׳ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10; 2Kgs 5:27; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳י ׳מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12; Num 17:24; Num 20:9, 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2Chr 1:13,
(b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, vGen 23:8; Exod 36:3; Deut 17:18 ׳וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך.
(c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15], Eccl 10:5; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵצֵא משׁפטי.
(d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lev 22:3; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36; Jer 33:18; Isa 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8 a); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jer 18:23; Neh 3:37.
(e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28; Deut 9:4; Deut 11:23; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).
b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12; Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isa 57:16; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני), 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 32:23; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Sm^{lxx-lxxi, lxxiii}); see also Kö^{ii. 320.}

6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exod 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Isa 30:11; Hos 11:2 so
a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21; 1Sam 21:11; 1Sam 23:26; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11; Jer 41:9; Jer 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8; Gen 4:14; Isa 2:10 (compare vIsa 2:19 vIsa 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11; 1Sam 19:10; 1Sam 23:26, or fleeing, Exod 4:3; Exod 14:25; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Lev 18:24; Deut 8:20; Amos 2:9; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Deut 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exod 9:30; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5; Deut 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3; Josh 2:9; Jer 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zeph 1:7; Hab 2:20; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳מפני י at the presence of ׳י, Isa 63:19; Jer 4:26; Nah 1:5; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deut 20:19; Isa 19:1; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35; Lev 19:32. (

N.B. In a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
(a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31; Gen 47:13; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exod 9:11; Josh 2:11; Josh 23:3; Judg 2:18; Judg 6:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 (RVm), Jer 15:17; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:6, etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12; Jer 9:6; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:16; Jer 23:9 + often
(b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1Kgs 8:11; Job 37:19.
(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exod 19:18; Jer 44:23. — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.

7. עַלפְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb³⁵²) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
a. From the sense of face or front:
(a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,2Sam 15:18; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15 = in the sight of, Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28; Num 3:4.
(b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deut 21:16, and perhaps(Ew^{§ 217} l) Exod 20:3 (Deut 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני (Thes and others as c).
(c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
(d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFM^{Ju., p. 351}) = east of, 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:6; 1Kgs 8:8; 2Chr 3:17; Ezek 42:8; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 (Gen 50:13), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 (Gen 49:30), מצרים vGen 49:18 a (Josh 13:3; 1Sam 15:7), Num 21:11; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 (Deut 34:1), Josh 13:3; Josh 13:25; Josh 15:8 (Josh 18:16), Josh 17:7; Josh 18:14; Josh 19:11; Judg 16:3; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1; 1Sam 26:3; 2Sam 2:24; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13; Zech 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם, Gen 19:28; Num 21:20 (Num 23:28) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13; Ezek 32:10.

b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳המדבר עלפֿ: often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5; Num 19:16; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v1Sam 11:8 v1Sam 11:9; Exod 32:20; Lev 14:7 (Lev 14:53 אל), Isa 18:2; Isa 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezek 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַלפְּֿנֵי
a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך), Jer 15:1, השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23; 2Kgs 24:20 (Jer 52:3), Jer 7:15, נטשׁ Jer 23:39, הסיר 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31.
b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 8:8; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; 1Kgs 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jer 28:16; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3.

BDB6683 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָ֑י 1Kgs 6:17, Ew^{§ 164 a} Ke as adjective, anterior, but read, with ᵐ5, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit and others

before, face, presence, because, faces, …

pānîm

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

face

face, faces

before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

מִזְבַּ֣ח

Root word altar, altars

Dictionary form: מִזְבֵּחַ · midz-BAY-ah

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the altar

the altar ×134 of the altar ×58 an altar ×44 altar ×28 and the altar ×16 altars ×13 upon the altar ×12 the altars ×11

More options

altar — Standard modern rendering; suitable for nearly all contexts.

sacrificial altar — Clarifies function when readers may lack biblical background.

shrine — Use when context stresses a local or foreign worship site.

offering platform — Descriptive; useful in instructional or liturgical passages.

place of sacrifice — Paraphrastic; good for dynamic-equivalence translations.

BDB2280 H4196

מִזְבֵּחַ₄₀₁ noun masculine^{Josh 22:10} altar (Arabic , place of slaughter, trench made by torrent, Sabean מדֿבח DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 24}); ׳מ absolute 2Kgs 18:22 + 223 t., הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה Exod 29:13 + 31 t.; construct מִזְבַּח Exod 20:24 + 76 t., suffix מִזְבְּחִי Exod 20:26 + 7 t., מִזְבַּחֲךָ 1Kgs 8:31 + 3 t.,מִזְבְּחֶ֑ךָ Deut 33:10 מִזְבְּחוֺ Judg 6:31 + 2 t.; plural מִזְבְּחֹת Num 23:1 + 5 t., מִזְבְּחוֺת 2Kgs 21:3 + 23 t., suffix מִזְבְּחוֺתֶיךָ Ps 84:4, other suffixes 21 t.; —

1. J E narrate that altars were built by Noah after leaving the ark Gen 8:20 by Abraham at Shechem Gen 12:7, Bethel Gen 12:8, Hebron Gen 13:18, mountain in land Moriah Gen 22:9 by Issac at Beersheba Gen 26:25 by Jacob at Shechem Gen 33:20 (yet this perhaps mistake for מַצֵּבָה, being object of וַיַּצֶּבשָֿׁם, not elsewhere with מזבח, compare also Di), at Bethel Gen 35:7, by Moses at Rephidim Exod 17:15, Horeb Exod 24:4, by Balak at Bamoth Baal, Pisgah, & Peor Num 23:1; Num 23:14; Num 23:29 by Joshua on Mt. Ebal Josh 8:30: the prophetic histories narrate that altars were built by Gideon at Ophra Judg 6:24 by a man of God at Bethel Judg 21:4 by Samuel at Ramah 1Sam 7:17 by Saul after Michmash 1Sam 14:35 by David on the threshing floor of Ornan 2Sam 24:25 = 1Chr 21:18; 1Chr 22:1 that Solomon sacrificed on the altar at Gibeon 1Kgs 3:4 and built altars in the temple at Jerusalem 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 8:64 that Jeroboam built an altar at Bethel 1Kgs 12:32 (which was destroyed by Josiah 2Kgs 23:15); and that Elijah repaired an ancient altar on Carmel 1Kgs 18:30. An altar in Egypt is predicted Isa 19:19. All this accords with the law of the Covenant code Exod 20:24-26 which recognises a plurality of altars and prescribes that they shall be built of אֲדָמָה, or of unhewn stones, and without steps. So אֲבָנִים Deut 27:6 (JE), אֲבָנִים שְׁלֵמוֺת Josh 8:31, and twelve stones 1Kgs 18:30; 1Kgs 18:32 compare Isa 27:9. The altar was also a place of refuge Exod 21:24 (JE) 1Kgs 1:50; 1Kgs 1:51; 1Kgs 2:28.

2. D prescribes one central altar Deut 12:5f. 27; but no attempt to enforce this principle appears before Hezekiah(2Kgs 18:4; 2Kgs 18:22), and Josiah, whose reform is more effectual, 2Kgs 23:8-20.

3. P limits sacrifices to the altars of the tabernacle. A great altar was built east of the Jordan, but it was according to P only as an עֵד after the pattern of the altar before the Tabernacle Josh 22:10-34. P describes two altars:
a. the מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Exod 30:28; Exod 31:9; Exod 35:16; Exod 38:1; Exod 40:6; Exod 40:10; Exod 40:29; Lev 4:7; Lev 4:10; Lev 4:25 (twice in verse); Lev 4:30; Lev 4:34 = הַנְּחשֶׁת ׳מ Exod 38:30; Exod 39:39, made of acacia wood plated with brass, 5*5*3 cubits in size, with four horns and a network of brass, on which all sacrifices by fire were made Exod 27:1-; 8; Exod 38:1-7
b. מִקְטַר קְטֹרֶת ׳מ made of acacia wood plated with gold, 1*1*2 cubits in size, with four horns and a crown of gold Exod 30:1-6 = הקטרת ׳מ Exod 30:27; Exod 31:8; Exod 35:15; Exod 37:25 = הזהב ׳מ Exod 39:38; Exod 40:5; Exod 40:26; Num 4:11 = קטרת הַסַּמִּים ׳מ Lev 4:7 these altars are named elsewhere only in Chronicles: 1Chr 6:34; 1Chr 16:40; 1Chr 21:29; 1Chr 2:5; 1Chr 2:6.

4. Solomon made two altars for the temple at Jerusalem:
a. הַנְּחשֶׁת ׳מ for the court 1Kgs 8:64 (which was laid aside by Ahaz 2Kgs 16:14; 2Kgs 16:15, who made an altar after the model of one he saw in Damascus 2Kgs 16:11); in v2Kgs 16:14 ׳הַמִּזְבַּח הַנּ (construct form with article) is erroneous, read probably מִזְבַּח compare Ges^{«GKC:127»§ 127}. 4 a near the end; this altar, according to Chronicles, measured 20*20*10 cubits 2Chr 4:1 this מזבח (ה)נחשׁת also 2Chr 7:7 & Ezek 9:2 = העולה ׳מ 2Chr 29:18, repaired by Asa 2Chr 15:8
b. an altar of cedar, plated with gold, in the temple before the דְּבִיר 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:22; 1Kgs 7:48 = הזהב ׳מ 2Chr 4:19 = הַקְּטֹרֶת ׳מ 1Chr 28:18; 2Chr 26:16.

5. Ezekiel plans two altars for the new temple:
a. a table of wood 3*2 cubits Ezek 41:22
b. an altar for the court, probably same dimensions as 4 a, with stairs Ezek 43:13-17.

6. after the return Jeshua built an altar on the ancient site in the court of the temple Ezra 3:2.

7. besides these altars used in the worship of Yahweh, Ahab built an altar to Baal in Samaria 1Kgs 16:32 Ahaz made an altar on the roof of the upper chamber, and other kings of Judah made altars in the two courts, all of which were destroyed by Josiah 2Kgs 23:12.

8. the ancient and most common term for making altars was בָּנָה Gen 35:7 (E) Gen 8:20 (J) Deut 27:5; Deut 27:6; Exod 32:5 (JE) +, implying building material; other verbs are הֵקִים 2Sam 24:18; 1Kgs 16:32; 2Kgs 21:3; 1Chr 21:18; 2Chr 33:3 הֵכִין Ezra 3:3 (followed by עַלמְֿכוֺנֹתָו֯); שִׂים Jer 11:13 וַיַּצֶּבֿ Gen 33:20 (but compare

1.); Num 23:4 (E) has עָרַךְ arrange, prepare; עָשָׂה Gen 35:1; Gen 35:3; Exod 20:24 (E) Gen 13:4 (J) Judg 22:28; 1Kgs 12:33; 1Kgs 18:26 this becomes usual in P, Exod 27:1; Exod 30:1; Exod 37:25; Exod 38:1; Exod 38:30, so 2Chr 4:1; 2Chr 4:19; 2Chr 7:7; 2Chr 28:24.

9. the dedication of the altar was חֲנֻכַּת המזבח Num 7:10; Num 7:11; Num 7:84; Num 7:88; 2Chr 7:9 it was anointed with oil מָשַׁח Exod 40:10; Lev 8:11; Num 7:10 (all P).

10. removal of unlawful altars is expressed by נָתַץ Exod 34:13 (JE) Deut 7:5; Judg 2:2; Judg 6:30; Judg 6:31; Judg 6:32; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 23:12; 2Kgs 23:15 נִתַּץ (Pi) Deut 12:3; 2Chr 31:1; 2Chr 34:4; 2Chr 34:7 נֻתַּץ Judg 6:28 הָרַס Judg 6:25; 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14 שִׁבַּר 2Chr 23:17>; הֵסִיר 2Kgs 18:22 = Isa 36:7; 2Chr 14:2; 2Chr 30:14; 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 33:15.

11. ministry at the altar was ׳מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַמּ Num 18:5; Ezek 40:46, compare Num 3:31 (P), ׳מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מ Joel 1:13 עָמַד עַל is said of officiating priest 1Kgs 13:1, עָלָה עַל Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33 + (compare יָרַד Lev 9:22); sacrifices were usually offered עַלהַֿמִּזְבֵּחַ Gen 22:9; Deut 12:27 +; see especially the phrases with זָרַק Exod 29:16; Exod 29:20 + (see זרק); הִקְטִיר Lev 4:10 (see קטר Hiph`il); הֶעֱלָה Lev 6:3 + (see עלה Hiph`il) לְבַעֵר Neh 10:35 but בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ Gen 8:20 (J) Num 23:2; Num 23:4; Num 23:14; Num 23:30 (E); one touching the altar is ׳הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמּ Exod 29:37 (P); ׳לפני המ of placing, or standing before altar Deut 26:4; 1Kgs 8:22 as accusative of location הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה in phrases especially with הִקְטִיר Exod 29:13 +, and הֶעֱלָה Lev 14:20.

12. the horns of the altar were especially for the application of the blood of the sin-offering in the ritual; sin is represented as graven לְקַרְנוֺת מִזְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם Jer 17:1 therefore of blood for cleansing it was said ׳נָתַן על קרנות המ Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7; Lev 4:18; Lev 4:25; Lev 4:30; Lev 4:34; Lev 8:15; Lev 9:9; Lev 16:18 (all P). An ancient custom is referred to, Ps 118:27 אִסְרוחַֿג בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים עַדקֿרנות המזבח bind the festal victim with cords, unto the horns of the altar: Ainsworth paraphrases: 'that is, all the court over, untill you come even to the hornes of the altar, intending hereby many sacrifices,' so De; but Che 'bind the procession with branches, (step on) to the altar-horns,' that is in sacred procession round the altar.

13. the יְסוֺד (q. v.) is also referred to in the ritual of the sin-offerings in the phrases יָצַק אל יסוד Lev 8:15; Lev 9:9 & שָׁפַךְ אל יסוד Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7; Lev 4:18; Lev 4:25; Lev 4:30; Lev 4:34 (all P) יִמָּצֵה אל יסוד Lev 5:9.

14. the altar was קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים Exod 29:37; Exod 40:10 (P); but repeated sin-offerings were necessary to keep it pure and cleanse it from the pollution of the people in whose midst it was situated. This is expressed by חִטֵּא Lev 8:15 (P) Ezek 43:22 כִּפֶּר Lev 16:20; Lev 16:33 (P) Ezek 43:26 קִדַּשׁ Exod 29:44; Exod 40:10; Lev 8:15; Num 7:1 (P); טִהַר 2Chr 29:18.

זַבַּי see below זבב.

altar, altars

mizbēaḥ

an altar

altar

יְהוָ֔ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of the lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

נֶ֖גֶד

Preposition before, against, presence, from, in, …

Dictionary form: נֶגֶד · neh-ɡED

Preposition

In the KJV here: in the presence of

before ×44 over against ×17 before me ×6 and before ×5 against ×4 before thee ×4 from ×4 in ×3

More options

in front of — Most versatile spatial rendering; prefer for physical position.

opposite — Ideal when two things face or mirror each other.

facing — Good for directional or relational proximity contexts.

in the sight of — Captures the 'presence/view' sense; slightly formal.

across from — Best for geographic or architectural 'other side' contexts.

in view of — Useful for figurative or evaluative contexts (e.g., before God).

BDB4963 H5048

נֶ֫גֶד₁₅₁ substantive what is conspicuous or in front, always as adverb or preposition in front of, in sight of, opposite to, נֶ֑גֶד, construct נֶגֶד, suffix נֶגְדִּי Ps 38:11 +, נֶגְדְּךָ Ps 38:10 +, etc.; with ה locative נֶ֫גְדָּה Ps 116:14; Ps 116:18 —

1. as adverb accusative in front of,
a. locally (rather stronger and distincter than לִפְנֵי),
(a) Gen 31:32 נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּרנָֿא in front of our brethren own it, now, vGen 31:37; Gen 47:15 ולמה נמות נגדך why should we die in thy sight ? Exod 19:2 Israel encamped נגד ההר in front of the mountain, Exod 34:10 נגד כלעֿמך אעשׂה נִפְלָאֹת, before, in sight of, all thy people (compare Ps 78:12), Josh 3:16 the people passed over נגד ירחו in front of J., 1Kgs 20:27, etc.; Neh 3:23 in front of their house, vNeh 3:29 נגד (כלׅ ישׂראל Deut 31:11; Josh 8:35 = 1Sam 15:30; 2Sam 12:12 +; 1Kgs 21:13 set Naboth נֶגֶד הָעָם; ׳נגד י 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 16:6 מְשִׁיחוֺ ׳אַךְ נֶגֶד י, so נֶגְדִּי Ps 89:37, נֶגְדּוֺ Ps 18:13 נגד השׁמשׁ Num 25:4; 2Sam 12:12; Ps 22:26 יראיו ׳נ, Ps 52:11 (so in poetry נֶגְדָּה לְ Ps 116:14; Ps 116:18); hostilely, Job 10:17 with collateral idea of to the mortification of, Ps 23:5; Ps 31:20, compare Joel 1:16 with collateral idea of being open or known to, Prov 15:11 ׳שׁאול ואבדון נגד י, Job 26:6; Ps 38:10 נגדך כלתֿאותי || (ממך לא נסתרהׅ, Ps 69:20 (|| יָדַעְתָּ), Ps 119:168; Isa 59:12 so נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיוּ Hos 7:2.
(b) with reflexive suffix, and verb of motion, to go in front of oneself, i.e. straightforward, Josh 6:5 ועלו העם אישׁ נגדו each straightforward, vJosh 6:20; Amos 4:3; Jer 31:29; Neh 12:37, compare Prov 4:25.
b. mentally, = vividly present to, Ps 38:18 ומכאובי נגדי תמיד, Ps 44:16; Ps 51:5 וחטאתי נגדי תמיד, Ps 109:15 ׳י ׳נ (remembered by): nearly = בְּעֵינָיו, כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֺ Isa 40:17; Ps 39:6 so ׳וְנ פְּנֵיהֶם נְבוֺנִים Isa 5:21. But Exod 10:10 כי רעה נגד פניכם before your face is = in your view, or purpose (compare לא אשׁית לְנֶגֶד עֵינַי דברבֿליעל Ps 101:3).

2. With prepositions:
a. כְּנֶגֶד according to what is in front of = corresponding to, Gen 2:18 I will make him עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֺ a help corresponding to him i.e. equal and adequate to himself, vGen 2:20 among the animals there was no עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֺ.

**Note that in Late Hebrew מכנגד = in front of, Ber 4:5; 9:5; Ab 2:10, מכנגד פני Git 7:7 and elsewhere.
b. לְנֶגֶד in front of, before, Gen 33:12 וְֵאלְכָה לְנֶנְדֶּ֑ךָ, Num 22:32; 2Kgs 1:13 fell on his knees לנגד אליהו, Isa 1:7 your ground לנגדכם זרים אֹכלים אותהּ; with עָמַד Josh 5:13; Dan 8:15; Dan 10:16, in a hostile sense vDan 10:13, compare Prov 21:30 in the sight or presence of, Hab 1:3 וְשֹׁד וְחָמָס לְנֶגְדִּי, Ps 39:2 בעוד רשׁע לנגדי, Ps 50:8 ועולֹתיך לנגדי תמיד, Neh 3:37 opposite to (probably of opposite choirs), Neh 12:9; Neh 12:24 = parallel to, 1Chr 5:11 = over, for, a business (peculiar) Neh 11:22 figurative of what is visible morally, Ps 18:23 כי כל משׁפטיו לנגדי (|| לֹא אָסִיר מֶנִּי), with to set or place Ps 16:8; Ps 54:5 לא שׂמו אלהים לנגדם (compare Ps 86:14,), Ps 90:8 often in the phrase לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵי ֗֗֗ , both literal, as Job 4:16 תְּמוּנָה עֵינָ֑י ׳לנ, Ps 5:6 עיניך ׳לא יתיצבו הוללים לנ (compare Ps 101:7); and in a moral sense, Ps 18:25 עיניו ׳כְּבֹר ידי לנ, Ps 26:3 עיני ׳כי חסדך לנ i.e. is ever present to my mind, Ps 36:2 עיניו ׳אין פחד אלהים לנ i.e. he has no eye to discern God's awe-inspiring judgments (compare Ps 10:5); with לא אשׁית i.e. have in view, purpose (|| שׂנאתי) Ps 101:3.
c. מִנֶּגֶד
(a) adverb off (מִן 1 c) the front, in front, opposite, ex adverso, Gen 21:16 ותשׁב להּ מנגד sat her down opposite, vGen 21:16, 2Kgs 2:7; Deut 28:66 והיו חייך תלואים לך מנגד shall be hung up for thee in front (i.e. suspended, as by a thread, in front of thee); Judg 9:17 וישׁלך נפשׁו מנגד and flung away his life in front or straight away (i.e. hazarded it); = some way off, from or at a distance, Num 2:2; Deut 32:52 כי מִנֶּגֶד תראה את הארץ, 2Kgs 2:15 ׳וַיִּרְאֻהוּ מנ at a distance, 2Kgs 3:22; 2Kgs 4:25 aloof, 2Sam 18:13 ואתה תתיצב מנגד, Obad 1:11
(b) as a preposition
(a) from the front of, away from, Song 6:5 הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי, 1Sam 26:20 אליֿפֹל ׳פני י ׳דמי ארצה מנ; מנגד עיני from before the eyes of, with verbs of removing Isa 1:16, cutting off Ps 31:23; Jonah 2:5, hiding Amos 9:3; Jer 16:17. (β) opposite to, Neh 3:19; Neh 3:25; Neh 3:27 at a distance from, Ps 10:5 מרום משׁפטיך מנגדו, Ps 38:12 מנגד נגעי יעמדו. (γ) מִנֶּגֶד לְ from before, Prov 14:7, in front of Judg 20:34.
d. עַד נֶגֶד as far as the front of, Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26.

BDB9690 H5049 H5048

נֶ֫גֶד preposition in front of, facing (= Biblical Hebrew, see √; not elsewhere known in Aramaic), Dan 6:11 נגד ירושׁלם.

before, against, presence, from, in, …

neged

a front, i.e., part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with preposition) over against or before

(subst) what is conspicuous, what is in front of

כָּל

Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: all

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69

More options

all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.

every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.

whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.

any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.

each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.

entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHM^{Epigr. Denk. 36-38}; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Kö^{i. 84, 95}); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
(a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
(b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
(a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
(b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
(c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges^{«GKC:141»§ 141}. 1 R. 2).

2. Absolutely:
a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
b. with art. הַכֹּל:
(a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
(b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, the whole

all, the whole of

קְהַ֣ל

Root word congregation, assembly, company, multitude, companies

Dictionary form: קָהָל · kaw-HAWL

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the congregation

the congregation ×41 congregation ×12 in the congregation ×7 into the congregation ×7 of the assembly ×5 of the congregation ×5 assembly ×4 company ×4

More options

assembly — Broad, formal gathering; works in most contexts.

community — Emphasizes shared identity and belonging.

congregation — Modernized KJV standard; retains religious register.

gathering — More neutral; suits informal or one-time assemblies.

crowd — Prefer for large, less organized multitudes.

convocation — Formal/liturgical contexts; highlights official summons.

BDB7332 H6951

קָהָל₁₂₃ noun masculine^{Ezek 38:15} assembly, convocation, congregation; — absolute ׳ק Jer 31:8 +; construct קְהַל Exod 12:6 +; suffix קְהָלָ֑ךָ Ezek 38:13, etc.; plural suffix קְהָלֶיךָ Ezek 38:7 —

1. assembly specially convoked:
a. for evil counsel, || סוד Gen 49:6 (poem); מרעים ׳ק Ps 26:5 for civil affairs Prov 5:14 (see Toy), Prov 26:26; Job 30:28 (Di publice).
b. for war or invasion, Num 22:4 (E), Judg 20:2; Judg 21:5; Judg 21:8; 1Sam 17:47; Ezek 16:40; Ezek 38:7 (plural only here), + 8 t. Ezekiel; גדול ׳ק (|| חיל רב) Ezek 38:15 רב ׳ק (|| חיל גדול) Ezek 17:17; Ezek 38:4 גוים ׳ק Jer 50:9 עמים ׳ק Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3.
c. company of returning exiles, Jer 31:8; Ezra 2:64 = Neh 7:66.
d. for religious purposes, to hear words of ׳י at Horeb Deut 5:19, ׳ביום הק Deut 9:10; Deut 10:4 (gloss, not in ᵐ5), Deut 18:16 word of Jeremiah Jer 26:17; Jer 44:15 for feasts, fasts and worship 2Chr 20:5; 2Chr 30:25 (twice in verse); Neh 5:13; Joel 2:16; Ps 107:32 רב ׳ק Ps 22:26 + 4 t.; לרב מְאֹד ׳וַיֵּאָֽסְפו ק֗֗֗ 2Chr 30:13 גדול ׳ק 1Kgs 8:65 = 2Chr 7:8 ׳בתוך (ה)ק 2Chr 20:14; Ps 22:23.

2. congregation, as organized body:
a. of Israel: יהוה ׳ק Mic 2:5; Num 16:3; Num 20:4 (P), 1Chr 28:8 (׳י) ׳באבק Deut 23:2; Deut 23:3 (twice in verse); Deut 23:4 (twice in verse); Deut 23:9; Neh 13:1; Lam 1:10 ישׂראל ׳כל ק Deut 31:30; Josh 8:35 (D)Lev 16:17 (P) 1Kgs 8:14 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 8:22; 1Kgs 8:55 = 2Chr 6:3 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:12; 2Chr 6:13, 1Kgs 12:3; 1Chr 13:2 עדת ישׂראל ׳כל ק Exod 12:6 (ᵐ5 reads בני before ׳יִשׂ), Num 14:5 (P; ᵐ5 συναγωγή; ᵑ0 probably conflation); ׳כל עם הק Lev 16:33 ׳כל הק Exod 16:3 (P) 1Chr 13:4 + 12 t. Chronicles; ׳הק Lev 4:13; Lev 4:14; Lev 4:21 + 8 t. Numbers (P) 8 t. 2 Chronicles
b. restored community in Jerusalem Ezra 10:12; Ezra 10:14; Neh 8:2; Neh 8:17 הֵגּוֺלָה ׳ק Ezra 10:8 later the better part of it, חסידים ׳ק Ps 149:1.
c. of angels, קדשׁים ׳ק Ps 89:6.
d. more general: company, assembled multitude, גוים ׳ק Gen 35:11 (P), עמים ׳ק Gen 28:3; Gen 48:4 (P), רפאים ׳ק Prov 21:16.

congregation, assembly, company, multitude, companies

qāhāl

assemblage (usually concretely)

assembly, company, congregation, convocation

assembly

for evil counsel, war or invasion, religious purposes

as organised body

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of israel")

Dictionary form: יִשְׂרָאֵל · yis-raw-ALE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of israel

of israel ×1594 israel ×543 in israel ×84 and israel ×55 o israel ×28 against israel ×19 for israel ×15 from israel ×13

More options

Israel — Standard modern rendering for the nation or people.

the Israelites — Use when referring to the people collectively as a group.

the people of Israel — Emphasizes communal identity; good for narrative contexts.

the nation of Israel — Highlights political or national dimension.

the land of Israel — Use only when geographic territory is clearly in view.

Jacob — Poetic/prophetic synonym; use where parallelism demands it.

BDB3770 H3478

יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name and derivatives, see below I. שׂרה.

BDB8317 H3478

יִשְׂרָאֵל₂₅₀₇ proper name, masculine and of a people Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth (Nes^{Eg.60 ff.}) or Let El contend (Gray^{Prop. N. 218}), but see Dr^{Hast. DB JACOB 530}]; on vocalization see Lag^{BN 131 f.} Kit^{1Chr 4:16} (Hpt); MI⁵, + 5 t. ישראל; in Egyptian Y-si-r-'l Steind^{ZAW xvi (1896), 331}, compare Breasted^{Bib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.} Paton^{Syr. and Pal. 134}; Assyrian Sir-'-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) Schr^{KG 356 ff., 364}; COT Gen 36:31; 1Kgs 16:29. — On a possibly relation of ׳יִשׂ to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS^{K 257, 2nd ed. 34}; — compare שְׂרָיָה(וּׅ; — Ισραηλ:

1. proper name, masculine second name of Jacob Gen 32:29 + 28 t. Genesis (JE), Exod 32:13 (JE), Hos 12:13; Judg 18:29; Exod 6:14; Num 1:20; Num 26:5 (all P), 2Kgs 17:34; 1Chr 1:34 + 8 t. Chronicles, Ps 105:23 ׳בֵּית יִשׂ Ruth 4:11 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (literal) Gen 42:5 + 3 t. E, 2 t. P + Exod 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1Kgs 18:31; 1Chr 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Exod 28:9 + 7 t. P; ׳אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשׂ 1Kgs 18:36; 1Chr 29:18; 2Chr 30:6.

2. proper name, of a people (usually masculine^{Judg 11:17}f. but feminine 1Sam 17:21; 2Sam 24:9 [not || 1Chr 21:5], compare Dr^{on the passage} Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 57 f.}): name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but ׳יִשׂ more common in early usage than ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (see בֵּן p. 120:b):
a. (1) undivided kingdom; ׳יִשׂ Gen 47:27 (J), Gen 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 t. J E, Deut 1:1; Deut 18:6; Deut 33:10 (poem) + 76 t. D, Gen 34:7; Exod 12:15 + 42 t. P; Judg 5:2; Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) + 104 t. Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Ki 1-12; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ of whole people 2Sam 8:15 +, of whole army 2Sam 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2Sam 2:9 + (so also later). (2) ׳יִשׂ = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2Sam 2:9, compare v2Sam 2:10; 2Sam 3:10; 2Sam 4:1; 2Sam 5:5; 2Sam 12:7; 2Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 4:20; 1Kgs 5:5 +; so at disruption 1Kgs 12:16 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 12:18; 1Kgs 12:19 then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, v1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 24:7; 1Kgs 24:10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; Amos 2:6; Amos 3:14 +, Hos 1:5; Hos 4:15 (twice in verse); Hos 5:3 (twice in verse); Hos 5:5 +, Mic 1:13, etc. (3) ׳יִשׂ of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isa 1:3; Isa 8:18; Mic 1:14; Mic 1:15, so ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ 1Kgs 12:17 after fall of Samaria, ׳יִשׂ (less often ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2Kgs 21:8; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 17:9; Ps 103:7; Jer 2:3; Jer 50:17; Jer 50:19 +; ׳יִשׂ also = Judah Jer 2:14; Jer 2:31; Jer 4:1 +, Ezek 13:2; Ezek 13:4; Ezek 13:16; Ezek 14:1; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9 +, Isa 40:27; Isa 41:8; Isa 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Neh 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Neh 10:34; Neh 10:3 +, Ps 14:7 (twice in verse) = Ps 53:7 (twice in verse), Ps 147:2; Ps 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chronicles: ׳יִשׂ of whole people 1Chr 2:7 + 110 t., of Northern kingdom 2Chr 11:1 + 16 t., of Judah 2Chr 12:6; 2Chr 19:8 + 9 t. (5) ׳יִשׂ personified as ׳עֶבֶד י, Isa 44:1; Isa 44:21; Isa 49:3.
b. ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ, (1) of undivided people Exod 1:12 (J), Exod 3:9 (E) + 72 t. J E, Deut 3:18; Deut 10:6 + 25 t. D, Gen 32:33 + 327 t. P; Judg 1:1 + 60 t. Judges; seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Ki 1-12; in 1Kings 13—2Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 + 9 t. Amos, Hosea; 2Chr 13:12 + 7 t. Chronicles. (3) of Judah (late) Ezek 2:3; Neh 1:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2Chr 31:5.
c. בֵּית ׳יִשׂ Exod 16:31; Exod 40:38 + 142 t. (see בַּיִת 5 d (δ); 81 t. Ezekiel, where = Judah; see especially Exod 37:16); ׳שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ Isa 8:14.
d. other phrases, see sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, (נטה) מַטֶּה, (יעד) עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of ׳י) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, I. גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. קוה), I. צוּר (V. צור), קָדוֺשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3).
e. ׳יִשׂ = the laity, opposed to priests, etc. (late): Ezra 10:25; Neh 11:3; 1Chr 9:2 ׳כָּליִֿשׂ Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5 ׳הָעָם יִשׂ Ezra 9:1 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Neh 10:40, compare ׳שְׁאָר יִשׂ Neh 11:20.

BDB9596 H3478 H3479

יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name, of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ I. שָׂרָה); — ׳אֱלַהּ יִשׁ Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15 ׳מֶלֶךְ לְיִשׂ Ezra 5:11 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Ezra 6:16, ׳עַמָּא יִשׂ Ezra 7:13.

israel, israelites, israels

yiśrāʾēl

God prevails

he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel

the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split

וַ יִּפְרֹ֖שׂ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יִּפְרֹ֖שׂ

Root word spread, forth, out, abroad, spreadeth, …

Dictionary form: פָּרַשׂ · paw-RAHS

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and spread forth

and spread ×7 and spread forth ×4 spread ×4 and they shall spread ×3 and shall spread ×2 spread forth ×2 spreadeth forth ×2 they shall spread ×2

More options

spread — Most versatile; covers wings, nets, garments, hands.

stretch out — Prefer when extending hands or arms toward something.

unfurl — Vivid for wings or sails being spread wide.

open wide — Good for hands or palms spread in prayer or supplication.

lay out — Suits spreading a cloth, garment, or covering flat.

scatter — Use when the spreading implies dispersal over an area.

BDB6823 H6566

פָּרַשׂ verb spread out, spread (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic ᵑ7 פְּרַס (rare), Syriac ; compare Assyrian parašu, fly (derived species; properly spread [wings]); see also Nö^{ZA i. 417}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳פ Lam 1:10 +; 2 masculine singular וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֫ Job 11:13; Ruth 3:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְרשֹׁ Deut 32:11 +; 3 feminine singular וַתִּפְרשֹׁ 2Sam 17:19, etc.; Participle active פּוֺרֵשׂ Prov 29:5 etc.; passive פָּרֻשׂ Joel 2:2 feminine singular פְּרוּשָׂה Hos 5:1 plural פְּרֻשׂוֺת 1Kgs 8:54 —

1. spread out a garment (שִׂמְלָה) Judg 8:25, + לִפְנֵי person Deut 22:17 — wings Deut 32:11; 1Kgs 6:27 (read כַּנְפֵיהֶם ᵐ5 Sta Kmp Kit Benz), + עַל Jer 49:22 (fig), + אֶל Jer 48:40; 1Kgs 8:7 = 2Chr 5:3 (עַל), + ל Job 39:26, לְמַעְלָה Exod 25:20; Exod 37:9 wings omitted 1Chr 28:18 and perhaps 2Chr 3:13 (strike out כַּנְפֵי Be); of ׳י, עָלָיו אוֺרוֺ ׳פ Job 36:30 spread out writing, לִפְנֵי Pers. 2Kgs 19:14 = Isa 37:14; Ezek 2:10 sail Isa 33:23 fishingnet, מִכְמֶרֶת Isa 19:8 (עַל location); net (רֶשֶׁת) as snare, figurative Hos 5:1 (עַל location), Ps 140:6, לְרַגְלַי Lam 1:13, with עַל person Hos 7:12 (of ׳י, Ezek 12:13 = Ezek 17:20; Ezek 19:8; Ezek 32:3, עַלעְֲָֿמָיו Prov 29:5 כַּפַּיִם ׳פ in prayer, + אַל Exod 9:29; Exod 9:33 (J), 1Kgs 8:38 = 2Chr 6:29; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13, +, ל Ps 44:21, +, הַשָּׁמַיִם 1Kgs 8:22 = 2Chr 6:13 (הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה), 1Kgs 8:54, no complem. 2Chr 6:12 of almsgiving, כַּפָּהּ פָּֽרְשָׂה לֶעָנִי Prov 31:20 יַד ׳פ, with עַל of thing, Lam 1:10 of enemy's greed (si vera lectio, see Bu); spread out = display וּכְסִיל יִפְרשֹׁ אִוֶּלֶת Prov 13:16.

2. spread covering over 2Sam 17:19 (מָסָךְ + עַלפְּֿנֵי of thing), הַמַּכְבֵּר over (עַל) face of another 2Kgs 8:15, כָּנָף skirt, עַל person Ruth 3:9; Ezek 16:8 (figurative of ׳י); בֶּגֶּד with עַל of thing Num 4:7; Num 4:8 :Num 4:11; Num 4:13 with מִלְמָ֑עְלָה v6; כְּסוּי with עַל of thing vNum 4:14 אֶתהָֿאֹהֶל, with עַלהַֿמִּשְׁכָּן Exod 40:19 שַׁחַר פָּרֻשׂ עַלהֶֿהָרִים Joel 2:2 of ׳י עָנָן ׳פ לְמָסָךְ Ps 105:39. — Mic 3:3; Lam 4:4 see פָּרַס. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִכָר֑שׂוּ Ezek 17:21 they shall be scattered לְכָלרֿוּחַ; Ezek 34:12 read probably Participle צאֹן נִפְרָשׂוֺת for שׁוֺת-, Hä Krae; on emendation of context see especially Toy Krae). Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וּפֵרַשׂ Isa 25:11 etc. Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְפָרֵשׂ v11, 3 feminine singular תְּפָרֵשׂ Jer 4:31 Infinitive cstr פָּרֵשׂ Ps 68:15, suffixפָּרִשְׂכֶם Isa 1:15 —

1. spread out:
a. with accusative כַּפַיִם in prayer Isa 1:15; Jer 4:31 so with יָדַיִם Ps 143:6 (׳אֶליֿ), and of ׳י entreating people Isa 65:2 (אֶל); צִיוֹן בְּיָדֶיהָ ׳פ Lam 1:17.
b. spread out hands as in swimming Isa 25:11, and (יָדַיִם omitted) vIsa 25:11.

2. = scatter, (?) subject ׳י, with accusative of person Zech 2:10 (ᵐ5 We Now קִבַּצְתִּי מִ֖, yet see GASm); Ps 68:15, in doubtful connection.

spread, forth, out, abroad, spreadeth, …

pāraś

to break apart, disperse, etc

to spread, spread out, stretch, break in pieces

(Qal)

to spread out, display

to scatter

כַּפָּֽי ו

כַּפָּֽי

Root word hands, hand, spoon, spoons, sole, …

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: כַּף · kahp

Noun — Common, feminine dual, construct state dual — a natural pair ("two ___"); "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his hands

spoon ×12 his hands ×11 hand ×8 their hands ×7 and the spoons ×6 hands ×5 my hands ×5 out of the hand ×5

More options

palm — Most precise: the hollow, open part of the hand.

hand — General use; good when context doesn't stress the hollow.

sole — Use specifically when referring to the bottom of the foot.

hollow — Emphasizes cupped or concave shape of hand or foot.

spoon — Cultic/tabernacle contexts; bowl-shaped vessel.

handful — Use when quantity or measure is in view.

BDB4151 H3709

כַּף₁₉₂ noun feminine^{1Kgs 8:54} hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic id., Assyrian kappu, hand, pan, kippatu, hollow; Arabic palm, hand) — absolute ׳כ Job 29:9 +, so read probably also Ezek 29:7b for ᵑ0 כָּתֵף (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Sm Co, compare v^a); כָּ֑ף 2Kgs 11:12 +; more often construct כַּף Gen 40:11 +; suffix כַּפִּי Judg 12:3, כַּפְּךָ Job 13:31, etc.; in Ezek 29:7 read כַּף Qr for כפך Kt (so Ew Hi Sm Co Da); dual כַּפַּיִם Isa 49:16 +; construct כַּפֵּי Exod 29:24 (twice in verse) + 3 t.; suffix כַּפַּי Gen 20:5 +, כַּפָּיו Num 24:10 +, כַּפֵּיהֶם Isa 59:6 + 2 t., כַּפֵּימוֺ Job 27:23, etc.; plural כַּפּוֺת (especially of soles, and in metaphor senses) absolute Num 4:7 +; construct 2Kgs 9:35 +, suffix כַּפֹתָיו Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16 —

1. a. of human beings, hollow or flat of hand, palm, (c. 116 t.) 2Kgs 4:34 (twice in verse); ׳נָתַן אֵת הַכּוס עַלכּכַּף פ Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21 (E), set the cup upon the palm of Pharaoh (compare vGen 40:11a וְכוֺס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדִי), similarly Lev 8:27 (twice in verse) (P) +; הַשֶּׁמֶן אֲשֶׁר עַלכּכַּפּוֺ Lev 14:16; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:18; Lev 14:27; Lev 14:28 as distinguished from wrist and arm, Deut 25:12 rarely with ידים (always כַּכּוֺת), שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֺת ידיו 1Sam 5:4 (of Dagon), הַיָּדַיִם ׳כ 2Kgs 9:35, compare Dan 10:10 כַּף הַשְּׂמָאלִית Lev 14:15; Lev 14:26 note especially קֶמַח ׳מְלֹא כ 1Kgs 17:12 a handful of meal (literally palmful), compare Eccl 4:6 (where distinguished from מלא חָפְנַיִם a double fistful; in both these passages of a very small quantity); compare וַיְמַלֵּא כַּפּוֺ מִן Lev 9:17 (reference to מְלֹא קֻמְצוֺ Lev 2:2; Lev 5:12 compare Lev 6:8). In Exod 4:4 (JE), Prov 31:19; Ezek 21:16; Ps 129:7, etc., the thought is that of grasping.
b. anthropomorph. of ׳י covering Moses over with his palm, וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Exod 33:22 (J), and so figurative (with שׁית) Ps 139:5 withdrawing ( הֵסִירׅ his hand Exod 33:23 (J); removing ( הִרְהִּיק ׅ his afficting hand Job 13:21 עַלכּכַּפַּיִם כִּסָּה אוֺר Job 36:32, i.e. he (God) hath filled his palms with light.
c. once of animals, הוֺלֵךְ עַלכּכַּפָּיו Lev 11:27 going upon their palms, i.e. paws (cats, dogs, etc.).
d. phrases are: — (I) הִכָּה כַּף = clap the hands, in applause 2Kgs 11:12 so ׳תָּקַע כ Ps 47:2, ׳מָחָא כ Isa 55:12 (figurative of trees), Ps 98:8 (figurative of rivers); but especially in scorn, contempt, etc., סָפַק אֶתכַּֿפָּיו Num 24:10 (J), יִשְׂפֹּק עָלֵימוֺ כַפֵּ֑ימוֺ Job 27:23 so תָּקַע כַּף עלֿ Nah 3:19, הִכָּה כַפִּי אֶלֿ Ezek 22:13 (of ׳י); absolute, בְכַפְּךָהִכָּה Ezek 6:11 (as מחא יד Ezek 25:6), הִכָּה כַּף אֶלכַּֿף Ezek 21:19, אַכֶּה כַפִּי אֶלכַּֿפִּי v.Ezek 21:22 (of ׳י). (2) תָּפַשׂ בַּכַּף grasp, seize with the hand Ezek 29:7 compare vEzek 29:7 (on text see above) (3) of hand-grasp as pledge לַזָּר כַּפֶּיךָתָּקַעְתָּ Prov 6:1 (if) thou hast smitten thy palms (given a double hand-grasp), for another (so De; || עָרַבְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ); so absolute תקע כף Prov 17:18; Prov 22:26 (compare תקע ליד Job 17:3). (4) often of hand spread out in prayer, as sign of longing to receive, with פָּרַשׂ אֶלֿ Exod 9:29; Exod 9:33 (J), 1Kgs 8:38 = 2Chr 6:29, etc. (see יד Ps 143:6; Lam 1:17 and יָד 1 d, above; also פרשׂ, נשׂא, שׁטח). (5) שׂים כַּף לְפֶה, in respectful silence, Job 29:9. (6) figurative בְכַפִּיוָאָשִׂימָה נַפְשִׁי Judg 12:3 = I have taken my life in my hand (i.e. hazarded it), so 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 28:21; Job 13:14 and (without verb) Ps 119:109. (7) ׳נִקְיֹן כ Gen 20:5 cleanness of palms is figurative for purity of act, compare Ps 26:6, also Job 9:30; Job 22:30; Ps 24:4; Ps 73:13 conversely, ( לֹא ) חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י Job 16:17; 1Chr 12:18; Isa 59:6; Jonah 3:8, compare Isa 59:3 (so ידים Isa 1:15), Job 31:7; Ps 7:4. — In many cases כַּף is not to be distinguished from יָד; so in phrase ׳יְגִיעַ כ toil of the hands Gen 31:42; Hag 1:11; Job 10:3; Ps 128:2 ׳פֹּעַל כ Ps 9:17, ׳חֵפֶץ כ Prov 31:13 ׳תְּבוּנוֺת כ Ps 78:72, ׳פְּרִי כ Prov 31:16 ; compare Mic 7:3.

2. = power (i.e. grasp) of any one, נתן בכף Judg 6:13 = deliver into the power of, so Jer 12:7, compare בּוֺא בכף Prov 6:3 usually הוֺשִׁיעַ, פּדָה, הִצִּיל etc., with מִכַּף = out of the power of Judg 6:14; 1Sam 4:3; 2Sam 14:16; 2Sam 19:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 22:1 (twice in verse) = Ps 18:1 (title), 2Kgs 16:7 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 20:6 = Isa 38:6; Mic 4:10; Jer 15:21; 2Chr 30:6; 2Chr 32:11; Ezra 8:31; Ps 71:4 (compare יָד 5 g, p. 391 above)

3. רַגְלָהּכַּף, etc., = sole of foot, Gen 8:9 (J), Josh 3:13; Josh 4:18 (both J E), 1Kgs 5:17; 2Kgs 19:24 = Isa 37:25; Deut 11:24; Deut 28:56; Deut 28:65; Josh 1:3 (D) Ezek 43:7; Mal 3:21 קָדְקֳדוֺמִכַּף רַגְלוֺ וְעַד 2Sam 14:25; Job 2:7, compare Isa 1:6 (figurative); ׳ר ׳מִדְרַךְ כ Deut 2:5 treading-place for the sole of a foot; of the cherubim Ezek 1:7, of a calf, (in simile) vEzek 1:7., (according to MT; compare however Co).

4. of various hollow, bending or bent objects: —
a. hollow (i.e. socket), of the thigh-joint, יָרֵךְ ׳כ Gen 32:26 (twice in verse); Gen 32:33 (twice in verse) (J).
b. pan, vessel (as hollow), used in ritual, Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16; Num 5:7; Num 7:14 + 15 t. Num 7; 1Kgs 7:50 = 2Chr 4:22; 2Kgs 25:14 = Jer 52:18; Jer 52:19; 2Chr 24:14.
c. hollow of sling, 1Sam 25:29.
d. כַּפּוֺת תְּמָרִים Lev 23:40 = of huge hand-shaped branches (or fronds) of palm-trees.
e. כַּפּוֺת הַמַּנְעוּל Song 5:5 the (bent) handles of the bolt.

hands, hand, spoon, spoons, sole, …

kap

the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree); figuratively, power

palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

palm, hollow or flat of the hand

of thigh-joint

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.

וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד Revia — a lesser break לִפְנֵי֙ Pashta — a lesser break מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה Zaqef Qatan — a strong break נֶ֖גֶד Tipeha — a lesser break כָּל קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַיִּפְרֹ֖שׂ Tipeha — a lesser break כַּפָּֽיו Silluq — end of the verse

וַֽיַּעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי מִזְבַּח יְהוָה נֶגֶד כָּל-קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּפְרֹשׂ כַּפָּֽיו׃

And he stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands:

Cross References

Job 11:13

אִם-אַתָּה הֲכִינוֹתָ לִבֶּךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ אֵלָיו כַּפֶּֽיךָ׃

If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hands toward him;

Exodus 9:33

וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה אֶת-הָעִיר וַיִּפְרֹשׂ כַּפָּיו אֶל-יְהוָה וַֽיַּחְדְּלוּ הַקֹּלוֹת וְהַבָּרָד וּמָטָר לֹֽא-נִתַּךְ אָֽרְצָה׃

And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto the LORD: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.

Isaiah 50:10

מִי בָכֶם יְרֵא יְהוָה שֹׁמֵעַ בְּקוֹל עַבְדּוֹ אֲשֶׁר׀ הָלַךְ חֲשֵׁכִים וְאֵין נֹגַהּ לוֹ יִבְטַח בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה וְיִשָּׁעֵן בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃

Who is among you that feareth the LORD, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh in darkness, and hath no light? let him trust in the name of the LORD, and stay upon his God.

Psalms 63:4

כֵּן אֲבָרֶכְךָ בְחַיָּי בְּשִׁמְךָ אֶשָּׂא כַפָּֽי׃

Thus will I bless thee while I live: I will lift up my hands in thy name.

Psalms 143:6

פֵּרַשְׂתִּי יָדַי אֵלֶיךָ נַפְשִׁי׀ כְּאֶֽרֶץ-עֲיֵפָה לְךָ סֶֽלָה׃

I stretch forth my hands unto thee: my soul thirsteth after thee, as a thirsty land. Selah.

1 Kings 8:22

וַיַּֽעֲמֹד שְׁלֹמֹה לִפְנֵי מִזְבַּח יְהוָה נֶגֶד כָּל-קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּפְרֹשׂ כַּפָּיו הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

And Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward heaven:

Psalms 141:2

תִּכּוֹן תְּפִלָּתִי קְטֹרֶת לְפָנֶיךָ מַֽשְׂאַת כַּפַּי מִנְחַת-עָֽרֶב׃

Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.

Psalms 68:31

יֶאֱתָיוּ חַשְׁמַנִּים מִנִּי מִצְרָיִם כּוּשׁ תָּרִיץ יָדָיו לֵאלֹהִֽים׃

Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.

Psalms 29:1

הָבוּ לַֽיהוָה בְּנֵי אֵלִים הָבוּ לַיהוָה כָּבוֹד וָעֹֽז׃

Give unto the LORD, O ye mighty, give unto the LORD glory and strength.

2 Kings 11:14

וַתֵּרֶא וְהִנֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ עֹמֵד עַֽל-הָעַמּוּד כַּמִּשְׁפָּט וְהַשָּׂרִים וְהַחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת אֶל-הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכָל-עַם הָאָרֶץ שָׂמֵחַ וְתֹקֵעַ בַּחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת וַתִּקְרַע עֲתַלְיָה אֶת-בְּגָדֶיהָ וַתִּקְרָא קֶשֶׁר קָֽשֶׁר׃

And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the manner was, and the princes and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason.

1 Timothy 2:8

Βούλομαι οὖν προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ διαλογισμοῦ

I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting.

Psalms 28:2

שְׁמַע קוֹל תַּחֲנוּנַי בְּשַׁוְּעִי אֵלֶיךָ בְּנָשְׂאִי יָדַי אֶל-דְּבִיר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃

Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto thee, when I lift up my hands toward thy holy oracle.

2 Kings 23:3

וַיַּֽעֲמֹד הַמֶּלֶךְ עַֽל-הָעַמּוּד וַיִּכְרֹת אֶֽת-הַבְּרִית׀ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לָלֶכֶת אַחַר יְהוָה וְלִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֹתָיו וְאֶת-עֵדְוֹתָיו וְאֶת-חֻקֹּתָיו בְּכָל-לֵב וּבְכָל-נֶפֶשׁ לְהָקִים אֶת-דִּבְרֵי הַבְּרִית הַזֹּאת הַכְּתֻבִים עַל-הַסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה וַיַּֽעֲמֹד כָּל-הָעָם בַּבְּרִֽית׃

And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.

2 Chronicles 6:11

Read 2 Chronicles 6

2 Chronicles 6:13

2 Chronicles 6:12

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqw3ms

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5975

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncbpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6440

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4196

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5048

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3605

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6951

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3478

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqw3ms

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6566

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfdc/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3709

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV