Psalms 141:2

תִּכּ֤וֹן תְּפִלָּתִ֣י קְטֹ֣רֶת לְפָנֶ֑יךָ מַֽשְׂאַ֥ת כַּ֝פַּ֗י מִנְחַת עָֽרֶב
Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

תִּכּ֤וֹן
תִּכּ֤וֹן
Root word prepared, established, prepare, ready, establish, …
Dictionary form: כּוּן · koon

Verb — Niphal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person feminine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: be set forth
and prepare ×9 shall be established ×8 be established ×6 established ×6 prepare ×6 had prepared ×5 is established ×5 prepared ×5
More options
establish — Best for lasting, firm, or covenantal contexts.
prepare — Modernizes KJV 'prepare'; suits readying for action.
make firm — Highlights solidity or permanence of what is set.
set in place — Good for spatial or structural fixing of something.
make ready — Modernizes KJV 'ready'; suits imminent-action contexts.
ordain — Prefer when divine appointment or decree is implied.

BDB3944 H3559

BDB3943 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3945

I. [כּוּן]218 verb probably be firm, only in derived conjugation (Late Hebrew Aramaic כּוּן, in derived conjugation, כִּיוֵּן arrange, direct; put right, correct; Assyrian kânu, be firm, right DlHWB 321; Arabic (medial ) exist, occur, be; so Ethiopic Sabean כון DHMZMG 1875, 599, Phoenician כון be (often)); —

Niph`al Perfect (on 3 masculine singular see Participle below), 3 feminine singular נָכּ֫וֺנָה 1Kgs 2:46 3 plural נָכ֫וֺנוּ Prov 19:29 נָכֹּ֫נוּ Ezek 16:7 Imperfect יִכּוֺן Prov 12:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּכּוֺן Jer 30:20 +; וַתִּכֹּן 1Kgs 2:12; 2Chr 8:16, etc.; Imperative הִכּוֺן Amos 4:12 הִכֹּן Ezek 38:7 plural הכונוּ 2Chr 35:4 Kt (Qr הָכִינוּ Hiph`il); Participle נָכוֺן Gen 41:32 + (in Ps 93:2 and perhaps elsewhere the Perfect would be possibly); construct נְכוֺן Prov 4:18 feminine נְכוֺנָה Ps 5:10 + 2 t.; plural נְכֹנִים Exod 19:11 + 2 t.; passive or neuter, and (less often) reflexive: —
1. be set up, established, fixed:
  a. literally, of house upon (עַל) pillars Judg 16:26; Judg 16:29, so, in metaphor, of temple-mount, followed by בְּראֹשׁ Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1 be firm, of breasts at puberty Ezek 16:7 firmly established, of תֵּבֵל Ps 93:1 = Ps 96:10 = 1Chr 16:30 firm, i.e. a strong support, of ׳י's hand יָ דִי תִּכּוֺן עִמּוֺ Ps 89:22 (|| זְרוֺעִי תְאַמְּצֶנּוּ).
  b. figurative, of throne 2Sam 7:16 = 1Chr 17:14; 1Kgs 2:45; Ps 89:38; Ps 93:2; Prov 16:12; Prov 25:5; Prov 29:14 of king, royal family, kingdom 1Sam 20:31; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 2:46; 2Sam 7:26 =1Chr 17:24.
  c. of any persons, be established, stable, secure, enduring Job 21:8 (with לִפְנֵי), Prov 12:3, also vProv 12:19 (subject שְׂפַת אֱמֶת) Ps 101:7 (with לְנֶגֶד עֵינָ֑י), Ps 102:29 (with לְפָנֶיךָ), Ps 140:12 (with בָּאָרֶץ); of plans Prov 16:3; Prov 20:18 נְכוֺן הַיּוֺם Prov 4:18 the established, stable, (part) of the day, i.e. mid-day, when the sun seems motionless in mid-heaven. — 2Sam 6:6 see נָכוֺן proper name below
  d. fixed, securely determined הַדָּבָר מֵעִם ׳נ הָאֱלֹהִים (|| אֱמֶת) Gen 41:32 (E); so כְּשַׁחַר נָכוֺן מֹצָאוֺ Hos 6:3 ᵑ0, but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ GieBeiträge 208 Weon the passage; substantiated, certain, of an allegation Deut 13:15 = Deut 17:4 עַלנָֿכוֺן according to (what is) certain, = certainly, assuredly 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr).
2. in moral sense, be directed aright, of ways Prov 4:26; Ps 119:5 (compare Hiph`il 3); be fixed aright, stedfast נָכוֺן לִבִּי Ps 57:8 (twice in verse); Ps 108:2, so Ps 112:7 לִבָּם לֹא נָכוֺן עִמּוֺ Ps 78:37 רוּחַ נָכוֺן Ps 51:12 (|| לֵב טָהוֺר); לא נָכוֺן לעשׂות כן Exod 8:22 (J) it is not right, proper, etc.; participle feminine נְכוֺנָה as substantive = what is right, the right Job 42:7; Job 42:8 = uprightness Ps 5:10.
3. prepare, be ready, person Amos 4:12 (with ל infinitive); words Prov 22:18 הִכֹּן וְהָכֵן לְךָ Ezek 38:7; 2Chr 35:4 Kt (Qr Hiph`il); participle as adjective = prepared, ready, often with הָוָה, of persons Exod 19:11; Exod 19:15; Exod 34:2; Josh 8:4 (all J E); of things, followed by ל person Job 12:5; Neh 8:10, ל location Job 18:12, ל noun active Ps 38:18 ב location Job 15:23
4. passive be prepared, of judgments Prov 19:29 (ל person); of work be arranged, settled 2Chr 8:16 figurative of prayer Ps 141:2 be arranged, set in order, as incense before thee (> present itself as incense); be arranged, ordered, of temple service 2Chr 29:35; 2Chr 35:10; 2Chr 35:16.

Hiph`il Perfect הֵכִין Josh 4:4 +; suffix הֱכִינַנִי 1Kgs 2:24 הֱכִינוֺ 2Sam 5:12; 1Chr 14:2 הֱכִינָהּ Job 28:27 2 masculine singular הֲכִינוֺתָ Job 11:13 +; 3 plural הֵכִינוּ 1Chr 12:39 +; וְהֵכִינוּ consecutive Exod 16:5 1 plural הֲכִינוֺנוּ 1Chr 29:16 הֵכַנּוּ (Ges«GKC:72»§ 72, R. 6) 2Chr 29:16, etc.; Imperfect יָכִין Judg 12:6 +; וַיָּ֫כֶן 1Chr 15:1 + 3 t., etc.; Imperative הָכֵן Gen 43:16 +; plural הָכִינוּ Josh 1:11 +; Infinitive absolute הָכֵן Josh 3:17, so הָכִין Josh 4:3 (read הָכֵין, see Di), Jer 10:23 (see Gie), Ezek 7:14 (see Sm Co and below; see on all Köi. 468); construct הָכִין Isa 9:6 +; suffix הֲכִינוֺ Nah 2:4; Prov 8:27 הֲכִינָהּ Jer 33:2 Participle מֵכִין Jer 10:12 + 4 t.; — (favourite word in Chronicles, in various applications)

1. establish, set up:
  a. king (or, one as king) 2Sam 5:12; 1Kgs 2:24; 1Chr 14:2, royal seed Ps 89:5, kingdom 1Sam 13:13; 2Sam 7:12 = 1Chr 17:11; 1Chr 28:7; 2Chr 12:1; 2Chr 17:5, throne 1Chr 22:10 the world תֵּבֵל Jer 10:12 = Jer 51:15 mountains Ps 65:7 heavens Prov 8:27 an altar upon (עַל) its base Ezra 3:3.
  b. God's faithfulness Ps 89:3 heart of humble Ps 10:17.
  c. = accomplish, do Jer 33:2 (|| עשׂה), = make Isa 40:20; Job 28:27.
  d. make firm, only infinitive absolute, as adverb = firmly הָכֵן Josh 3:17 הָכִין Josh 4:3 (see above)
2. a. fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift Gen 43:25 (J), place Exod 23:20 (JE), 2Chr 3:1 with לְ of thing 1Chr 15:1; 1Chr 15:3, also (object omitted) v1Chr 15:12 (see Be, and DaSynt. § 144), 2Chr 1:4 (בַּהֵכִין, see Ges«GKC:138»§ 138. 3. b); often prepare food, accusative + לְ person Josh 1:11 (D), Ps 78:20 לְ omitted Prov 6:8; Prov 30:25 object omitted 1Chr 12:39; 2Chr 35:14 (twice in verse); 2Chr 35:15 both omitted Gen 43:16 (J), 1Chr 9:32 prepare a road Deut 19:3, a sacrifice Zeph 1:7, ambuscades Jer 51:12, one's work Prov 24:27, materials for (לְ) temple 1Chr 22:3; 1Chr 22:14, also v1Chr 22:14b (no לְ), 1Chr 29:2; 1Chr 29:3 weapons (with לְ person) 2Chr 26:14 and (hostile purpose) Ps 7:14, compare Ps 57:7, Isa 14:21 prepare slaughter-place for (לְ) his children; store-rooms 2Chr 31:11 a, also v2Chr 31:11 b (object omitted); gallows (with לְ person) Esth 6:4; Esth 7:10 corn (produce of land) Ps 65:10 land vPs 65:10, so (= restore) Ps 68:11 with accusative of person 2Chr 35:6 figurative of belly preparing deceit Job 15:35 make preparation (for, לְ of thing) 1Chr 22:5, and v1Chr 22:5 (לְ omitted); followed by לִבְנוֺת 1Chr 28:2, with accusative material + לִבְנוֺת 1Kgs 5:32; 1Chr 29:16 without לְ, make ready 1Sam 23:22; Nah 2:4; Ezek 7:14 (read הָכִינוּ הָכֵן Co, for הַכֹּל ׳ה MT) = make full preparation! make thee ready! Jer 46:14 (לְ dativus ethicus [dative of interest]), Ezek 28:7 (id.), 2Chr 35:4.
  b. provide for, provide, furnish Num 23:1; Num 23:29; Num 29:7; Josh 4:4 (all J E), Job 27:16; Job 27:17, food for (לְ) raven Job 39:41, rain for (לְ) earth Ps 147:8; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 2:6; Ps 74:16.
3. direct one's face towards (אֶלֿ) Ezek 4:3; Ezek 4:7 in moral and spiritual sense, direct one's step (צַעֲדוֺ) = order aright, Jer 10:23 (see above), Prov 16:9, so (פְּעָמַי) Ps 119:133 אֱלֹהָיו ׳הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י 2Chr 27:6, also (followed by דרכיו only) Prov 21:29 Kt (Qr יָבִין); עַל הַהֵכִין הָאֱלֹהִים לָעָם 2Chr 29:36 that which God had ordered aright for the people (on article = relative pronoun see Ges«GKC:138»§ 138. 3. b); followed by לֵב Job 11:13; Ps 78:8 + לְ, ׳לֹא הֵכִין לִבּוֺ לִדְרוֺשׁ אֶתיֿ 2Chr 12:14, so 2Chr 19:3; 2Chr 30:19 + ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ אֵתאתּוֺרַת י Ezra 7:10 הכין לבב ׳אֶלֿ 1Sam 7:3 direct the heart towards ׳י, 1Chr 29:18 (׳י subject), so (with לֵאלֹהִים) 2Chr 20:33 hence (no object expressed) = give attention, followed by infinitive Judg 12:6.
4. arrange, order 2Chr 29:19 (of sacred vessels; + הִקְדַּשְׁנוּ), 2Chr 35:20 (of temple).

Hoph`al Perfect הוּכַן Isa 30:33, וְהוּכַן consecutive Isa 16:5; Zech 5:11 וְהֻכַֿן Nah 2:6 Participle מוּכָן Prov 21:31, plural מוּכָנִים Ezek 40:43 —

1. be established, of throne Isa 16:5 be fastened, of hooks Ezek 40:43.
2. be prepared for (לְ person) Isa 30:33 and (לְ temporal) Prov 21:31 absolute Nah 2:6 be ready Zech 5:11.

Po`lel. Perfect 3 masculine singular כּוֺנֵן Ps 9:8 + 3 t., וְכוֺנֵן consecutive Hab 2:12 suffix כּוֺנְַנָהּ Isa 45:18 2 masculine singular כּוֺנַנְתָּ Ps 99:4; Ps 119:90, כּוֺנָ֑נְתָּה Ps 8:4, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְכוֺנֵן Isa 62:7 suffix וַיְכֹנְַנֶ֑ךָ Deut 32:6, יְכוֺנְַנֶהָ Ps 24:2 +, suffix 1 plural וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ Job 31:15 (וַיְכוּנֶּנוּ van d. H); 2 masculine singular תְּכוֺנֵן Ps 7:10; Ps 21:13, etc.; Imperative כּוֺנֵן Job 8:8 (but on text see infra), כּוֺנְַנָה Ps 90:17, suffix כּוֺנְַנֵהוּ Ps 90:17 — originally make firm; —

1. set up, establish:
  a. of men, found, a city Hab 2:12 (|| בנה), Ps 107:36.
  b. of God, establish, king's throne 2Sam 7:13 = 1Chr 17:12, his own throne Ps 9:8 (לְמִשְׁפָּט), sanctuary Exod 15:7 (song), a nation Deut 32:6 (poem; || קנה, עשׂה), a city Ps 48:9; Ps 87:5, תֵּבֵל Ps 24:2 (with עַל, || יָסַד), אֶרֶץ Ps 119:90, compare Isa 45:18, also Ps 68:10 (object omitted, read perhaps אֶרֶץ צִיָּה Bi Che), heavens Prov 3:19 (|| יָסַדאָֿ֑רֶץ), moon and stars Ps 8:4 figurative, steps of men Ps 40:3, work of men's hands Ps 90:17 (twice in verse), justice Ps 99:4 establish, i.e. vindicate and make secure to righteous (צַדִּיק) Ps 7:10.
2. constitute, make, a man (in womb) Job 31:15 (|| עשׂה), compare Ps 119:73 (|| id.); with accusative + לְ of thing + לְ person reflexive 2Sam 7:24 thou hast made for thyself (לְךָ), thy people (אֶתעַֿמְּךָ) Israel for thyself (לְךָ) into a people (לְעָם) for ever.
3. fix, so as to be ready, arrow upon (עַל) string Ps 11:2, so (חֵץ omitted) Ps 21:13 (with עַלפְּֿנֵיהֶם), and possibly (חֵץ omitted) Isa 51:13 (Di Che and others; but dubious, compare Du; verse corrupt according to CheIntr. Is. 427), a bow Ps 7:13.
4. direct (that is לֵב), followed by לְחֵקֶר Job 8:8, i.e. give attention to (but no || in Po`lel; read perhaps בּוֺנֵן, compare Deut 32:10, see Ol Di). Po`lal. Perfect be established: ׳מי מִצְעֲדֵיגֶֿבֶר כּוֺנָ֑נוּ Ps 37:23 from ׳י are a man's steps established; = be prepared כּוֺנָנ֑וּ Ezek 28:13 but strike out Co Da after A B ᵑ6 and others Hithpo`el. Imperfect; be established, of house, 3 masculine singular יִתְכּוֺנָ֑ן Prov 24:3 (|| יִבָּנֶה), of nation, 2 feminine singular תִּכּוֺנָ֑נִי (Ges«GKC:54»§ 54. 2. b) Isa 54:14 3 feminine singular תִּכּוֺנֵן = be restored, of city Num 21:27 (J E; || תִּבָּנֶה); set oneself, take one's stand 3 masculine plural יִכּוֺנָ֑נוּ Ps 59:5.

prepared, established, prepare, ready, establish, …
kûn
properly, to be erect (i.e., stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous)
  • to be firm, be stable, be established
    • (Niphal)
      • to be set up, be established, be fixed
        • to be firmly established
          • "to be established, be stable, be secure, be enduring"to be fixed, be securely determined
        to be directed aright, be fixed aright, be steadfast (moral sense)"to prepare, be ready"to be prepared, be arranged, be settled
      (Hiphil)
      • to establish, set up, accomplish, do, make firm
        • "to fix, make ready, prepare, provide, provide for, furnish"to direct toward (moral sense)"to arrange, order
      (Hophal)
      • to be established, be fastened
        • "to be prepared, be ready
      (Polel)
      • to set up, establish
        • "to constitute, make"to fix"to direct
      (Pulal) to be established, be prepared"(Hithpolel) to be established, be restored

תְּפִלָּתִ ֣י
תְּפִלָּתִ
Root word prayer, prayers
֣י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: תְּפִלָּה · teh-pil-LAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: let my prayer
my prayer ×12 the prayer ×11 a prayer ×6 thy prayer ×6 prayer ×5 their prayer ×5 and my prayer ×2 his prayer ×2
More options
prayer — Most universal rendering; fits nearly every context.
petition — Emphasizes a specific request addressed to God.
supplication — Highlights earnest, humble pleading; formal register.
intercession — Use when praying on behalf of others.
plea — Informal; conveys urgency and emotional appeal.
entreaty — Formal; stresses appealing to a higher authority.

BDB6655 H8605

BDB6654 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6656

תְּפִלָּה77 noun feminine prayer; — ׳ת Isa 1:15 +, construct תְּפִּלַּת Ps 80:5 +; suffix תְּפלָּתִי Ps 4:2 +, etc.; plural תְּפִלּוֺת Ps 72:20 —

1. a. prayer, 1Kgs 8:38 = 2Chr 6:29; Isa 1:15; Ps 35:13; Ps 80:5 +.
  b. pray a prayer, ׳ת ׳הִתְפ 2Sam 7:27; 1Kgs 8:54 (compare v1Kgs 8:28 v1Kgs 8:29 = 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 6:20); ׳דִּבֶּר בַּתּ Dan 9:21 specifically of intercession, ׳נשׂא ת, with בְּעַד in behalf of 2Kgs 19:4 = Isa 37:4; Jer 7:16; Jer 11:14.
  c. אֶלאֱֿלֹהִים ׳ת 2Chr 33:18, לְאֵל Ps 42:9, compare Ps 69:14 with verb + לפני Ps 88:3; Ps 141:2 תְּקַדְּמֶ֑ךָּ ׳תּ Ps 88:14.
  d. ׳בית ת Isa 56:7 (twice in verse) house of prayer (temple); with verb + ׳אֶליֿ + אלהֿיכל Jonah 2:8 with verb + למעון קדשׁו 2Chr 30:27.
  e. hear prayer ׳שׁמע (אֶתֿ) ת 1Kgs 8:45; 1Kgs 8:49 = 2Chr 6:35; 2Chr 6:39; 1Kgs 9:3; Ps 4:2; Ps 39:13 + 9 t.; ׳שׁמע אֶלתֿ 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 8:29 = 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 6:20; Neh 1:6; Dan 9:17 ׳פנהאל ת 1Kgs 8:28 = 2Chr 6:19; Ps 102:18 ׳אָזְנֶיךָ קַשֻּׁבוֺת לת 2Chr 6:40; 2Chr 7:15, compare Neh 1:11 (אֶל), הַקְשִׁיבָה ׳ת Ps 61:2 ׳הִקְשִׁיבּ בְּקוֺל ת Ps 66:19 ׳הַאֲזִינָה ת Ps 17:1; Ps 55:2; Ps 86:6 ׳לקח ת Ps 6:10 compare Ps 66:20; Ps 102:18b.
2. in Psalm-titles, poetic, liturgical prayer Ps 17:1; Ps 86:1; Ps 90:1; Ps 102:1; Ps 142:1; Hab 3:1 of Davidic Psalter, תפלות דוד Ps 72:20.

prayer, prayers
tĕpillâ
intercession, supplication; by implication, a hymn
  • prayer
    • prayer
      • "pray a prayer"house of prayer"hear prayer"in Psalm titles (of poetic or liturgical prayer)

קְטֹ֣רֶת
קְטֹ֣רֶת
Root word incense, perfume
Dictionary form: קְטֹרֶת · keh-toh-RET

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: thee as incense
incense ×28 of incense ×19 the incense ×4 and as for the perfume ×1 and mine incense ×1 and perfume ×1 and the incense ×1 for the incense ×1
More options
incense — Most natural rendering; fits ritual and worship contexts.
burnt offering of fragrance — Emphasizes the smoke-and-scent aspect of the ritual.
fragrant smoke — Highlights the visual and sensory element; poetic contexts.
perfume — Better for non-cultic, domestic or aesthetic uses.
aromatic offering — Foregrounds the sacrificial/gift dimension in temple settings.
sweet-smelling blend — Useful when the compound mixture itself is in focus.

BDB7406 H7004

BDB7405 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7407

קְטֹ֫רֶת60 noun feminine smoke, odour of (burning) sacrifice, incense; — ׳ק absolute Exod 30:1 +; construct Exod 25:6 +; suffix קְטָרְתִּי Ezek 16:18; Ezek 23:41 —

1. sweet smoke of sacrifice, || מנחה Isa 1:13; Ps 141:2, אֵילִים ׳קְ Ps 66:15, ׳לְהַקְטִיר ק 1Sam 2:28 (?).
2. incense, (ה)סמים ׳ק Exod 25:6; Exod 30:7; Exod 31:11; Exod 40:27 + 9 t.; תמיד ׳ק Exod 30:8, רֹקַח ׳ק vExod 30:35, ׳הק alone vExod 30:37; Lev 16:13; Num 16:35; Num 17:12 so ׳ק Num 16:7; Num 16:17; Num 16:18; Num 17:5; Num 17:11; 2Chr 29:7, זָרָה ׳ק Exod 30:9, ׳ענן הק Lev 16:13; Ezek 8:11, also of אשׁ זרה Lev 10:1 (illegal worship); in offering of the princes Num 7:14 + 11t. 7, compare vNum 7:86. Altar of incense is ׳מזבח מקטר ק Exod 30:1, זהב ׳הק ׳מ 1Chr 28:18, ׳הזהב לק ׳מ Exod 40:5, הסמים ׳ק ׳מ Lev 4:7, ׳הק ׳מ Exod 30:27 + 6 t.
3. perfume, || שֶׁמֶן Ezek 16:18; Ezek 23:41; Prov 27:9.

incense, perfume
qĕṭōret
a fumigation
  • incense, smoke, odor of (burning) sacrifice
    • sweet smoke of sacrifice
      • "incense"perfume

לְ פָנֶ֑י ךָ
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
פָנֶ֑י
Root word before, face, presence, because, faces, …
ךָ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: פָּנִים · paw-NEEM

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: before
before ×796 the face ×55 from before ×53 his face ×53 because ×49 my face ×48 thy face ×39 before him ×38
More options
face — Most direct rendering; prefer for literal, physical contexts.
presence — Ideal for divine or royal encounter contexts.
countenance — Slightly elevated; suits emotional or expressive descriptions.
surface — Use for physical objects, land, or water (e.g. 'surface of the deep').
in front of — Best for spatial or positional prepositional phrases.
because of — Use when פָּנִים heads a causal prepositional phrase.

BDB4446 H3942 H6440

BDB4445 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4447

לִפְנָָֽי 1Kgs 6:17 see below [ פָּנֶה], פָּנִים.

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[פָּנֶה], plural פָּנִים2123 noun masculineProv 25:23 and (Ezekiel = Prov 21:21 = edge; on 2Sam 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute פָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי 2Sam 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular פָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular פָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֺ Ps 11:7 (Köll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralפְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Exod 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges«GKC:146a»§ 146a), Prov 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה); —

I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Ezek 27:35 +, compare Ezek 1:6; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 etc.):
  a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳עוֺר פ Exod 35:29; Exod 35:30; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.
  b. of ׳י Exod 33:20, compare vExod 33:23.
  c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10, judging Ezek 20:35, speaking Exod 33:11, and so ׳בְּפ ׳פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17; 2Chr 25:21.
  d. of relations with ׳׃י ׳הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.
  e. of ׳י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17. — See further below
7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exod 33:14; Exod 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of ׳י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Prov 7:15.
  b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare vExod 10:29 (all J), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God vGen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.
3. face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exod 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exod 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:11; 2Chr 3:13 +.
4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gen 30:40 ׳אַרְיֵה וּפ ׳פ נֶשֶׁר ׳שׁוֺר ופ Ezek 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezek 10:14 אַרְיֵה ׳פ also 1Chr 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezek 41:19 ׳פִּתְחֵי פ Job 41:6 of crocodile.
5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ ׳פ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, תֵבֵל ׳פ Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6 of a field Prov 24:31 תְהוֺם ׳פ Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, הַמַּיִם ׳פ Gen 7:18 רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ Gen 1:20 כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֺט ׳פ Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֺ ׳פ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezek 41:14; Ezek 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳פ Ezek 41:21 of gate Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 43:4 of chamber Ezek 40:44 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46 of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13 הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳פ 2Sam 10:9 battle-front = 1Chr 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in gender, Ges«GKC:146a»§ 146a); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezek 21:21, of axe Eccl 10:10 = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Prov 27:23 הַדָּבָר ׳פ 2Sam 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.
6. as adverb of location מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר 2Sam 10:9 before and behind = ׳וְֿ ׳פ 1Chr 19:10, also Ezek 2:10; 2Chr 13:14 פְּנֵי toward Song 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2Chr 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Kgs 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deut 2:12; Deut 2:20; Josh 11:10; Judg 1:10; Judg 1:11; Judg 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).
7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph`al; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה 3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph`il; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi`el; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —
1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי:
  a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2.


  b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
  c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4; Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 41:25; Ezek 42:2; Ezek 42:3; Ezek 42:7; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21.
  d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezek 16:5.

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
  a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, vExod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳י ׳אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, GesThes DiExod 23:15 CheIsa 1:12, critical note, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14.
  b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳אֶתפֿ ׳לִפְנֵי י vLev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת
4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24; Deut 11:25, and עמד Josh 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9, so Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:31. (b) in front of, Ezek 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exod 4:21; Exod 11:10; 2Sam 2:14; Prov 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם ׳לפני פ and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 ׳כִּי הִקְרָה י לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exod 29:10; Prov 18:16 etc. In particular,
  a. With the implication of
   (a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2; 1Sam 3:1.
   (b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:29: also 1Sam 2:28; 2Sam 19:14.
   (c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exod 2:23), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12).
   (d) openly before, 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35, especially ׳לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere.
   (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure.
   (f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Chr 14:6), 2Chr 24:51; Song 8:12.
   (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ל, vDeut 24:13 ׳י ׳צְדָקָה ל, 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳י ׳ל Josh 6:26; 1Sam 26:19, ׳י ׳לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Prov 14:12; Ps 143:2 ׳וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5; Neh 2:6; Esth 5:14 ׳טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים.
   (h) ׳לִפְנֵי י, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deut 6:25; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so vDeut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26; Deut 15:20), vDeut 15:12 (rejoice, so vDeut 15:18; Deut 27:7; Isa 9:2), Josh 18:6; Josh 24:1; Judg 11:11; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 12:7; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 23:18; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P, as Exod 16:9; Exod 16:33; Exod 16:34; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11; Lev 3:1; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18. So in ׳י ׳הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.
  b. In other phrases: —
   (a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19.
   (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12; Deut 26:10; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30.
   (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23; Josh 10:12; Josh 11:6 + (DrDT lxxxii): compare Judg 4:15; 2Sam 5:20; Isa 45:1; Jer 1:17.
   (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ע, above 3), Exod 9:11; Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4; Jer 49:19; Ps 76:8; Ps 147:17; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2; Josh 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Josh 7:12; Josh 7:13.
   (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8; 2Chr 14:9.
   (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gen 18:8; Gen 24:33 +.
   (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8; Deut 11:26; Deut 11:32; Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19; 1Kgs 9:6 (D2), Jer 9:12; Jer 21:8; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1.
  c. With reference to position:
   (a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exod 17:5; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Num 10:33; Isa 52:12; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Isa 8:4; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lam 1:5; Lam 1:6
   (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deut 10:11; Judg 9:39; 1Sam 8:20; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16; 2Chr 1:10; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was.
   (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.
  d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳אשׁר ל (usually ׳על פני מ: see 7 a d), 1Chr 19:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ל, Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ל, Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6; Num 3:38; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1Kgs 6:21; 1Kgs 7:49 +.
  e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22; 1Kgs 16:25; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isa 43:10; Isa 48:7; Prov 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳י's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי, Gen 36:31; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4. feminine In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).
5. מִלִּפְנֵי73 from before: —
  a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
   (a) Gen 41:46 ׳ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10; 2Kgs 5:27; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳י ׳מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12; Num 17:24; Num 20:9, 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2Chr 1:13,
   (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, vGen 23:8; Exod 36:3; Deut 17:18 ׳וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך.
   (c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15], Eccl 10:5; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵצֵא משׁפטי.
   (d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lev 22:3; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36; Jer 33:18; Isa 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8 a); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jer 18:23; Neh 3:37.
   (e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28; Deut 9:4; Deut 11:23; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).
  b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12; Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isa 57:16; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני), 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 32:23; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
  c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Smlxx-lxxi, lxxiii); see also Köii. 320.
6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exod 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Isa 30:11; Hos 11:2 so
  a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21; 1Sam 21:11; 1Sam 23:26; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11; Jer 41:9; Jer 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8; Gen 4:14; Isa 2:10 (compare vIsa 2:19 vIsa 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11; 1Sam 19:10; 1Sam 23:26, or fleeing, Exod 4:3; Exod 14:25; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Lev 18:24; Deut 8:20; Amos 2:9; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
  b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Deut 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exod 9:30; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5; Deut 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3; Josh 2:9; Jer 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zeph 1:7; Hab 2:20; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳מפני י at the presence of ׳י, Isa 63:19; Jer 4:26; Nah 1:5; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deut 20:19; Isa 19:1; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35; Lev 19:32. (
N.B. In a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
  c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
   (a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31; Gen 47:13; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exod 9:11; Josh 2:11; Josh 23:3; Judg 2:18; Judg 6:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 (RVm), Jer 15:17; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:6, etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12; Jer 9:6; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:16; Jer 23:9 + often
   (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1Kgs 8:11; Job 37:19.
   (c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exod 19:18; Jer 44:23. — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.
7. עַלפְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb352) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
  a. From the sense of face or front:
   (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,2Sam 15:18; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15 = in the sight of, Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28; Num 3:4.
   (b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deut 21:16, and perhaps(Ew§ 217 l) Exod 20:3 (Deut 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני (Thes and others as c).
   (c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
   (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFMJu., p. 351) = east of, 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:6; 1Kgs 8:8; 2Chr 3:17; Ezek 42:8; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 (Gen 50:13), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 (Gen 49:30), מצרים vGen 49:18 a (Josh 13:3; 1Sam 15:7), Num 21:11; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 (Deut 34:1), Josh 13:3; Josh 13:25; Josh 15:8 (Josh 18:16), Josh 17:7; Josh 18:14; Josh 19:11; Judg 16:3; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1; 1Sam 26:3; 2Sam 2:24; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13; Zech 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם, Gen 19:28; Num 21:20 (Num 23:28) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13; Ezek 32:10.


  b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳המדבר עלפֿ: often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5; Num 19:16; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v1Sam 11:8 v1Sam 11:9; Exod 32:20; Lev 14:7 (Lev 14:53 אל), Isa 18:2; Isa 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezek 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַלפְּֿנֵי
  a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך), Jer 15:1, השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23; 2Kgs 24:20 (Jer 52:3), Jer 7:15, נטשׁ Jer 23:39, הסיר 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31.
  b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 8:8; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; 1Kgs 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jer 28:16; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3.

BDB6683 H3942 H6440

BDB6682 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6684

לִפְנָ֑י 1Kgs 6:17, Ew§ 164 a Ke as adjective, anterior, but read, with ᵐ5, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit and others

before, face, presence, because, faces, …
pānîm
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
  • face
    • face, faces
      • "presence, person"face (of seraphim or cherubim)"face (of animals)"face, surface (of ground)"as adv of loc/temp
      • before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
      with prep
      • in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

מַֽשְׂאַ֥ת
מַֽשְׂאַ֥ת
Root word burdens, collection, flame, mess, messes, …
Dictionary form: מַשְׂאֵת · mahs-ATE

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the lifting up
the collection ×2 a sign ×1 and a reward ×1 and sent messes ×1 and the lifting up ×1 burdens ×1 but when the flame ×1 flame ×1
More options
gift — Most common social/ceremonial sense; prefer in narrative contexts.
portion — Food/table share sent to another; ideal for feast scenes.
tribute — Formal offering to a superior; suits royal or cultic settings.
signal — Visual sign or beacon raised aloft; use in military contexts.
flame — Literal fire or rising smoke as a visible signal.
burden — Physical or figurative load; use when weight/hardship is stressed.

BDB5394 H4864

BDB5393 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5395

מַשְׂאֵת noun feminine uprising, utterance, burden, portion (on formation compare Ol§ 109 a Sta§ 272 b Köii. 1, 183; Phoenician (Pun) has משאת = payment, tax see Lzb326); — absolute ׳מ Judg 20:40 +; construct מַשְׂאַת Gen 43:34 +; plural absolute מַשְׂאֹת Gen 43:34, + (probably) מַשְׂאוֺת Lam 2:14 (see below); construct מַשְׂאֹת Gen 43:34 —

1. that which rises, uprising, uplifting:
  a. הֶעָשָׁן ׳מ Judg 20:38 uprising of smoke, compare (׳הֶע omitted) vJudg 20:40.
  b. in general = signal Jer 6:1 (= נֵס Gf.).
  c. uplifting of hands (כַּפַּי) in prayer Ps 141:2 (|| תְּפִלָּה).
2. utterance, oracle (= III. מַשָּׂא), Lam 2:14 (Bu Löhr).
3. burden Zeph 3:18 (of reproach, figurative).
4. a. portion (carried to some one), especially from table of king or superior, Gen 43:34 (3 t. in verse) (J; on custom see Di and references), 2Sam 11:8 so read perhaps also 2Sam 19:43 (for ᵑ0 נִשֵּׂאת) Gr HPS.
  b. perhaps also more generally, present, largess from a superior Jer 40:5 ( + אֲרֻחָה food-allowance), Esth 2:18 (כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ).
  c. exacted or enforced gift, from inferior, בַּר ׳מ Amos 5:11 (compare Phoenician above; see also מנחה).
  d. sacred contribution, tax משֶׁה ׳מ (׳י) עֶבֶד 2Chr 24:6; 2Chr 24:9.
  e. offering to ׳י Ezek 20:40.

burdens, collection, flame, mess, messes, …
maśʾēt
properly, (abstractly) a raising (as of the hands in prayer), or rising (of flame); figuratively, an utterance; concretely, a beacon (as raised); a present (as taken), mess, or tribute; figuratively, a reproach (as a burden)
  • uprising, utterance, burden, portion, uplifting
    • that which rises, uprising, uplifting, signal, rising
      • "utterance, oracle"burden"portion, present, largesse, gift, contribution, offering, tribute

כַּ֝פַּ ֗י
כַּ֝פַּ
Root word hands, hand, spoon, spoons, sole, …
֗י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: כַּף · kahp

Noun — Common, feminine dual, construct state dual — a natural pair ("two ___"); "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of my hands
spoon ×12 his hands ×11 hand ×8 their hands ×7 and the spoons ×6 hands ×5 my hands ×5 out of the hand ×5
More options
palm — Most precise: the hollow, open part of the hand.
hand — General use; good when context doesn't stress the hollow.
sole — Use specifically when referring to the bottom of the foot.
hollow — Emphasizes cupped or concave shape of hand or foot.
spoon — Cultic/tabernacle contexts; bowl-shaped vessel.
handful — Use when quantity or measure is in view.

BDB4151 H3709

BDB4150 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4152

כַּף192 noun feminine1Kgs 8:54 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic id., Assyrian kappu, hand, pan, kippatu, hollow; Arabic palm, hand) — absolute ׳כ Job 29:9 +, so read probably also Ezek 29:7b for ᵑ0 כָּתֵף (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Sm Co, compare va); כָּ֑ף 2Kgs 11:12 +; more often construct כַּף Gen 40:11 +; suffix כַּפִּי Judg 12:3, כַּפְּךָ Job 13:31, etc.; in Ezek 29:7 read כַּף Qr for כפך Kt (so Ew Hi Sm Co Da); dual כַּפַּיִם Isa 49:16 +; construct כַּפֵּי Exod 29:24 (twice in verse) + 3 t.; suffix כַּפַּי Gen 20:5 +, כַּפָּיו Num 24:10 +, כַּפֵּיהֶם Isa 59:6 + 2 t., כַּפֵּימוֺ Job 27:23, etc.; plural כַּפּוֺת (especially of soles, and in metaphor senses) absolute Num 4:7 +; construct 2Kgs 9:35 +, suffix כַּפֹתָיו Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16 —

1. a. of human beings, hollow or flat of hand, palm, (c. 116 t.) 2Kgs 4:34 (twice in verse); ׳נָתַן אֵת הַכּוס עַלכּכַּף פ Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21 (E), set the cup upon the palm of Pharaoh (compare vGen 40:11a וְכוֺס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדִי), similarly Lev 8:27 (twice in verse) (P) +; הַשֶּׁמֶן אֲשֶׁר עַלכּכַּפּוֺ Lev 14:16; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:18; Lev 14:27; Lev 14:28 as distinguished from wrist and arm, Deut 25:12 rarely with ידים (always כַּכּוֺת), שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֺת ידיו 1Sam 5:4 (of Dagon), הַיָּדַיִם ׳כ 2Kgs 9:35, compare Dan 10:10 כַּף הַשְּׂמָאלִית Lev 14:15; Lev 14:26 note especially קֶמַח ׳מְלֹא כ 1Kgs 17:12 a handful of meal (literally palmful), compare Eccl 4:6 (where distinguished from מלא חָפְנַיִם a double fistful; in both these passages of a very small quantity); compare וַיְמַלֵּא כַּפּוֺ מִן Lev 9:17 (reference to מְלֹא קֻמְצוֺ Lev 2:2; Lev 5:12 compare Lev 6:8). In Exod 4:4 (JE), Prov 31:19; Ezek 21:16; Ps 129:7, etc., the thought is that of grasping.
  b. anthropomorph. of ׳י covering Moses over with his palm, וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Exod 33:22 (J), and so figurative (with שׁית) Ps 139:5 withdrawing ( הֵסִירׅ his hand Exod 33:23 (J); removing ( הִרְהִּיק ׅ his afficting hand Job 13:21 עַלכּכַּפַּיִם כִּסָּה אוֺר Job 36:32, i.e. he (God) hath filled his palms with light.
  c. once of animals, הוֺלֵךְ עַלכּכַּפָּיו Lev 11:27 going upon their palms, i.e. paws (cats, dogs, etc.).
  d. phrases are: — (I) הִכָּה כַּף = clap the hands, in applause 2Kgs 11:12 so ׳תָּקַע כ Ps 47:2, ׳מָחָא כ Isa 55:12 (figurative of trees), Ps 98:8 (figurative of rivers); but especially in scorn, contempt, etc., סָפַק אֶתכַּֿפָּיו Num 24:10 (J), יִשְׂפֹּק עָלֵימוֺ כַפֵּ֑ימוֺ Job 27:23 so תָּקַע כַּף עלֿ Nah 3:19, הִכָּה כַפִּי אֶלֿ Ezek 22:13 (of ׳י); absolute, בְכַפְּךָהִכָּה Ezek 6:11 (as מחא יד Ezek 25:6), הִכָּה כַּף אֶלכַּֿף Ezek 21:19, אַכֶּה כַפִּי אֶלכַּֿפִּי v.Ezek 21:22 (of ׳י). (2) תָּפַשׂ בַּכַּף grasp, seize with the hand Ezek 29:7 compare vEzek 29:7 (on text see above) (3) of hand-grasp as pledge לַזָּר כַּפֶּיךָתָּקַעְתָּ Prov 6:1 (if) thou hast smitten thy palms (given a double hand-grasp), for another (so De; || עָרַבְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ); so absolute תקע כף Prov 17:18; Prov 22:26 (compare תקע ליד Job 17:3). (4) often of hand spread out in prayer, as sign of longing to receive, with פָּרַשׂ אֶלֿ Exod 9:29; Exod 9:33 (J), 1Kgs 8:38 = 2Chr 6:29, etc. (see יד Ps 143:6; Lam 1:17 and יָד 1 d, above; also פרשׂ, נשׂא, שׁטח). (5) שׂים כַּף לְפֶה, in respectful silence, Job 29:9. (6) figurative בְכַפִּיוָאָשִׂימָה נַפְשִׁי Judg 12:3 = I have taken my life in my hand (i.e. hazarded it), so 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 28:21; Job 13:14 and (without verb) Ps 119:109. (7) ׳נִקְיֹן כ Gen 20:5 cleanness of palms is figurative for purity of act, compare Ps 26:6, also Job 9:30; Job 22:30; Ps 24:4; Ps 73:13 conversely, ( לֹא ) חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י Job 16:17; 1Chr 12:18; Isa 59:6; Jonah 3:8, compare Isa 59:3 (so ידים Isa 1:15), Job 31:7; Ps 7:4. — In many cases כַּף is not to be distinguished from יָד; so in phrase ׳יְגִיעַ כ toil of the hands Gen 31:42; Hag 1:11; Job 10:3; Ps 128:2 ׳פֹּעַל כ Ps 9:17, ׳חֵפֶץ כ Prov 31:13 ׳תְּבוּנוֺת כ Ps 78:72, ׳פְּרִי כ Prov 31:16 ; compare Mic 7:3.
2. = power (i.e. grasp) of any one, נתן בכף Judg 6:13 = deliver into the power of, so Jer 12:7, compare בּוֺא בכף Prov 6:3 usually הוֺשִׁיעַ, פּדָה, הִצִּיל etc., with מִכַּף = out of the power of Judg 6:14; 1Sam 4:3; 2Sam 14:16; 2Sam 19:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 22:1 (twice in verse) = Ps 18:1 (title), 2Kgs 16:7 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 20:6 = Isa 38:6; Mic 4:10; Jer 15:21; 2Chr 30:6; 2Chr 32:11; Ezra 8:31; Ps 71:4 (compare יָד 5 g, p. 391 above)
3. רַגְלָהּכַּף, etc., = sole of foot, Gen 8:9 (J), Josh 3:13; Josh 4:18 (both J E), 1Kgs 5:17; 2Kgs 19:24 = Isa 37:25; Deut 11:24; Deut 28:56; Deut 28:65; Josh 1:3 (D) Ezek 43:7; Mal 3:21 קָדְקֳדוֺמִכַּף רַגְלוֺ וְעַד 2Sam 14:25; Job 2:7, compare Isa 1:6 (figurative); ׳ר ׳מִדְרַךְ כ Deut 2:5 treading-place for the sole of a foot; of the cherubim Ezek 1:7, of a calf, (in simile) vEzek 1:7., (according to MT; compare however Co).
4. of various hollow, bending or bent objects: —
  a. hollow (i.e. socket), of the thigh-joint, יָרֵךְ ׳כ Gen 32:26 (twice in verse); Gen 32:33 (twice in verse) (J).
  b. pan, vessel (as hollow), used in ritual, Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16; Num 5:7; Num 7:14 + 15 t. Num 7; 1Kgs 7:50 = 2Chr 4:22; 2Kgs 25:14 = Jer 52:18; Jer 52:19; 2Chr 24:14.
  c. hollow of sling, 1Sam 25:29.
  d. כַּפּוֺת תְּמָרִים Lev 23:40 = of huge hand-shaped branches (or fronds) of palm-trees.
  e. כַּפּוֺת הַמַּנְעוּל Song 5:5 the (bent) handles of the bolt.

hands, hand, spoon, spoons, sole, …
kap
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree); figuratively, power
  • palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand
    • palm, hollow or flat of the hand
      • "power"sole (of the foot)"hollow, objects, bending objects, bent objects
      • of thigh-joint
        • "pan, vessel (as hollow)"hollow (of sling)"hand-shaped branches or fronds (of palm trees)"handles (as bent)

מִנְחַת
מִנְחַת
Root word offering, present, offerings, gifts, presents, …
Dictionary form: מִנְחָה · min-HAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: sacrifice
for a meat offering ×22 the meat offering ×15 and their meat offering ×12 an offering ×10 and the meat offering ×10 a meat offering ×9 meat offering ×9 and his meat offering ×8
More options
grain offering — Standard modern scholarly/liturgical term; preferred in most contexts.
gift — Broad secular sense; good for non-cultic diplomatic or tribute contexts.
tribute — Use when offering is given to a superior as homage or tax.
present — Relational gift between individuals; less formal than tribute.
offering — Generic cultic term; use when grain type need not be specified.
sacrifice — Reserve for contexts emphasizing devotion; avoid where bloodless rite is key.

BDB4722 H4503

BDB4721 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4723

מִנְחָה153 noun feminine gift, tribute, offering (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician מנחת; ᵑ7 מִנְחָתָא; on Arabic see above); — absolute ׳מ Gen 4:3 + 81 t.; construct מִנְחַת Lev 2:7 + 22 t.; suffix מִנְחָתִי Gen 33:10 + 3 t.; + 41 t. suffixes singular; plural suffix מִנְחֹתֶיךָ Ps 20:4 מִנְחֹתֵיבֶם Num 29:39; Amos 5:22 —

1. gift, present Gen 32:14; 32:19; 32:21; Gen 32:22 (E), Gen 33:10; Gen 43:11; Gen 43:15; Gen 43:25; Gen 43:26 (J), Judg 6:18; 1Sam 10:27; 1Kgs 10:25 = 2Chr 9:24; 2Kgs 8:8; 2Kgs 8:9; 2Kgs 20:12 = Isa 39:1; Ps 45:13; 2Chr 32:23.
2. tribute Judg 3:15; Judg 3:17; Judg 3:18 (twice in verse); 2Sam 8:2; 2Sam 8:6 = 1Chr 18:2 18:6, 1Kgs 5:1; 2Kgs 17:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Chr 17:5; 2Chr 17:11; 2Chr 26:8; Hos 10:6; Ps 72:10.
3. offering made to God, of any kind, whether grain or animals Gen 4:3; Gen 4:4; Gen 4:5; Num 16:15 (J), 1Sam 2:17; 1Sam 2:29; 1Sam 26:19; Isa 1:13; Ps 96:8; Zeph 3:10 + (probably) (לַ)עֲלוֺת הַ֫מִּנְחָה 1Kgs 18:29; 1Kgs 18:36; 2Kgs 3:20 (Ehpraimitic source; usually regarded as = מִנְחַת עֶרֶב, but that much later usage). This general meaning possibly an also in following; זבח ומנחה 1Sam 2:29 (see v1Sam 2:29 b), 1Sam 3:14; Isa 19:21 עלה ומנחה Jer 14:12 || עולה Ps 20:4 || שֶׁלֶם Amos 5:22 (עֹלוֺת gloss, to explain אָרִיחַ); or these may shew early stage of discrimination.
4. grain offering (whether raw, roasted, ground to flour, or prepared as bread or cakes, see below. AV meat offering, misleading < RV meal-offering. GFMJudg 3:22 renders cereal oblation); — יָבִיאוּ אֶתהַֿמִּנְחָה בִּכְלִי טָהוֺר Isa 66:20 they bring the grain offering in clean vessels (restored Jews are brought as such an offering), compare מנחה טהורה Mal 1:11 brought in hands Jer 41:5 (late addition Co); received from hands Mal 1:10 חִטִּים למנחה 1Chr 21:23 wheat for grain offering; סֹלֶת 1Chr 23:29, mixed with oil Ezek 46:14, baked vEzek 46:20 distinguished from other offerings 1Kgs 8:64 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 7:7; 2Kgs 16:13; 2Kgs 16:15 (3 t. in verse); Isa 43:23; Isa 57:6; Isa 66:3; Jer 17:26; Jer 33:18; Jer 41:5 (late editors Co), Ezek 42:13; Ezek 44:29; Ezek 45:15; Ezek 45:17 (twice in verse); Ezek 45:25; Dan 9:27; Ps 40:7 used alone Neh 13:5; Neh 13:9; Ezek 45:24; Ezek 46:5 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:7; Ezek 46:11; Ezek 46:14 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:15; Mal 1:13; Mal 2:12; Mal 2:13; Mal 3:3; Mal 3:4; Judg 13:19; Judg 13:23 (R, GFMJud 322); (הָ) עֶרֶב מִנְחַת evening grain offering 2Kgs 16:15; Ezra 9:4; Ezra 9:5; Dan 9:21; Ps 141:2 מִנְחַת הַתָּמִיד continual grain off. Neh 10:34, compare Lev 6:13; Num 4:16 (all cases under 4 exilic or post-exilic).
5. grain-offering, always with this meaning in P, in classifications Exod 30:9; Exod 40:29; Lev 7:37; Lev 23:37; Num 18:9; Num 29:39 —
  a. אָבִיב grain in the ear parched with fire, with oil and frankincense Lev 2:14; Lev 2:15.
  b. סֹלֶת fine flour with oil and frankincense Lev 2:1; Lev 6:7 elsewhere בְּלוּלָה בַּשֶּׁמֶן mingled with oil Lev 14:10; Lev 14:21; Lev 23:13; Num 7:13 + 10 t. Num 8:8; Num 15:4; Num 15:6; Num 15:9; Num 28:5 + 6 t. Num 29:3; Num 29:9; Num 29:14, except sin offering of very poor where offered without oil and frankincense Lev 5:11-13.
  c. סֹלֶת baked in an oven as חַלּוֺת perforated cakes, or רְקִיקִים flat cakes Lev 2:4; Lev 7:9; Num 6:15, על הַמַּחֲבַת on a flat pan Lev 2:5; Lev 6:14; Lev 7:9, or מַרְחֶשֶׁת frying pan Lev 2:7; Lev 7:9. All these always unleavened (מַצּוֺת) and mixed with oil and salt Lev 2:11-13.
  d. at Pentecost to consecrate new bread, מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה new grain offering of two loaves of leavened bread Lev 23:16; Lev 23:17; Num 28:26
  e. barley meal without oil or incense; מִנְחַת קְנָאֹת grain offering of jealousy, זִכָּרוֺן ׳מ Num 5:15; Num 5:18; Num 5:25. compare phrases מִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר morning oblation Exod 29:41; Num 28:8 ׳קָרְבַּן מ Lev 2:1; Lev 2:4; Lev 2:13 בִּכּוּרִים ׳מ Lev 2:14 פִּתִּים ׳מ Lev 6:14.
6. verbs of offering are הֵבִיא Gen 4:3 (J), Lev 2:2; Lev 2:8 (P), Isa 1:13; Isa 66:20 (twice in verse); Jer 17:26; Mal 1:13 הִקְרִיב Lev 2:1; Lev 2:8; Lev 2:11; Lev 6:7; Num 5:25 עשׂה Num 6:17; Num 28:31; 1Kgs 8:64 = 2Chr 7:7; Ezek 45:24; Ezek 46:7; Ezek 46:14; Ezek 46:15 הקטיר 2Kgs 16:13; 2Kgs 16:15; Jer 33:18 העלה Isa 57:6; Isa 66:3; Jer 14:12 הגישׁ Amos 5:25; Mal 2:12; Mal 3:3 הוביל Zeph 3:10 נשׂא Ps 96:8, also (׳מ = tribute) 2Sam 8:2; 2Sam 8:6 and ||.

מְנֻחָה see מְנוּחָה below נוח. מְנַחֵם see נחם.

מָנַ֫חַת, מְנֻחוֺת, מָנַחְתִּי see נוח.

מְנִי see מנה.

BDB9675 H4503 H4504

BDB9674 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9676

מִנְחָה noun feminine gift, offering (Biblical Hebrew id., √ מנח); —

1. oblation, to God's representative, absolute ׳מ Dan 2:46.
2. techn. meal-offering, plural suffix מִנְחָֽתְהוֺן Ezra 7:17.

מִנְיָן see מנה. above

offering, present, offerings, gifts, presents, …
minḥâ
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
  • gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
    • gift, present
      • "tribute"offering (to God)"grain offering

עָֽרֶב
עָֽרֶב
Root word even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …
Dictionary form: עֶרֶב · eh-REB

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: as the evening
the even ×30 even ×21 at even ×13 the evening ×12 in the evening ×6 and evening ×5 and at even ×4 evening ×4
More options
evening — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable in prose.
dusk — Emphasizes fading light; good for poetic or atmospheric contexts.
nightfall — Stresses the onset of darkness rather than twilight quality.
twilight — Highlights the transitional, in-between character of the hour.
sundown — Concrete and vivid; suits liturgical or calendar contexts.

BDB6363 H6153

BDB6362 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6364

עֶ֫רֶב131 noun [masculine] 1Sam 20:5 strike out הַשְּׁלִישִׁית see We Dr and others] (sun)set, evening; — absolute ׳ע 2Kgs 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Exod 12:18 +; construct עֶרֶב Prov 7:9 dual עַרְבַּיִם Exod 30:8 + 4 t., בָּ֑יִם- Exod 12:16 + 5 t. (all P); —

1. a. evening, originally sunset, and hence perhaps ׳לְעֵת ע at the time of sunset Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 24:11 (J; || לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), 2Sam 11:2; Isa 17:14 and (of the day of ׳י) Zech 14:7, ׳עֵת הָע Josh 8:29 (JE) ; usually ׳ע alone = time of sunset, evening: ׳בָּע in the evening Gen 19:1 (J), Gen 29:23 (E), Exod 12:18 (P), Deut 16:6 (+ שֶׁמֶשׁ כְּבוֺא), 1Kgs 22:35 (compare || 2Chr 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 t. + ׳בָּע(ֿ)בָּע 2Chr 13:11 (twice in verse) = every evening; ׳לָע at evening only late: 1Chr 16:40; 1Chr 23:30; 2Chr 2:3; Ezra 3:3; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15; Ps 90:6; Eccl 11:6 ; ׳לִפְנוֺת ע at the turn of evening Gen 24:63 (J), Deut 23:12 ׳ע as adverb accusative Exod 16:6 (P), Ps 55:18 as marking duration of impurity, in phrase ׳עַדהָֿע Lev 11:24 + 30 t. P + Lev 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement ׳מֵע ׳עַדעֿ Lev 23:32 (P).
  b. dual in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. probably between sunset and dark (see Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise DiExod 12:6; on form as possibly only expanded plural see Ges«GKC:88c»§ 88c), Exod 12:6; Exod 16:12; Exod 29:39; Exod 29:41; Exod 30:8; Lev 23:5; Num 9:3; Num 9:5; Num 9:11; Num 28:4; Num 28:8 .
  c. other phrases are: ׳צִלְלֵי ע Jer 6:4 (distinguished from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה vJer 6:5), ׳מִנְחַה (הָ)ע 2Kgs 16:15; Ezra 9:4; Ezra 9:5; Ps 141:2; Dan 9:21 ; ׳זְאֵבֵי ע see I. זְאֵב; for all combinations with בֹּקֶר morning, see ׳ב
1 d, e. 2. (late poetry) = night, עָ֑רֶב Job 7:4 compare בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֺם Prov 7:9 (|| בְּאִישׁוֺן לַיְלָה וִאֲפֵלָה).

even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …
ʿereb
dusk
  • evening, night, sunset
    • evening, sunset
      • "night

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
תִּכּ֤וֹן תְּפִלָּתִ֣י קְטֹ֣רֶת לְפָנֶ֑יךָ Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here מַֽשְׂאַ֥ת כַּ֝פַּ֗י Revia Mugrash — a lesser break מִנְחַת עָֽרֶב Silluq — end of the verse

תִּכּוֹן תְּפִלָּתִי קְטֹרֶת לְפָנֶיךָ מַֽשְׂאַת כַּפַּי מִנְחַת-עָֽרֶב׃
2
Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.
Cross References

Revelation 8:3

Καὶ ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἦλθεν καὶ ἐστάθη ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἔχων λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ θυμιάματα πολλὰ ἵνα δώσῃ ταῖς προσευχαῖς τῶν ἁγίων πάντων ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου
3
And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne.

Revelation 5:8

καὶ ὅτε ἔλαβεν τὸ βιβλίον τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα καὶ οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι ἔπεσον ἐνώπιον τοῦ ἀρνίου ἔχοντες ἕκαστος κιθάρας καὶ φιάλας χρυσᾶς γεμούσας θυμιαμάτων αἵ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
8
And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.

1 Timothy 2:8

Βούλομαι οὖν προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ διαλογισμοῦ
8
I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting.

Malachi 1:11

כִּי מִמִּזְרַח-שֶׁמֶשׁ וְעַד-מְבוֹאוֹ גָּדוֹל שְׁמִי בַּגּוֹיִם וּבְכָל-מָקוֹם מֻקְטָר מֻגָּשׁ לִשְׁמִי וּמִנְחָה טְהוֹרָה כִּֽי-גָדוֹל שְׁמִי בַּגּוֹיִם אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
11
For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering: for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the LORD of hosts.

Daniel 9:21

וְעוֹד אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר בַּתְּפִלָּה וְהָאִישׁ גַּבְרִיאֵל אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי בֶחָזוֹן בַּתְּחִלָּה מֻעָף בִּיעָף נֹגֵעַ אֵלַי כְּעֵת מִנְחַת-עָֽרֶב׃
21
Yea, whiles I was speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening oblation.

Proverbs 15:8

זֶבַח רְשָׁעִים תּוֹעֲבַת יְהוָה וּתְפִלַּת יְשָׁרִים רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃
8
The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the LORD: but the prayer of the upright is his delight.

Psalms 63:4

כֵּן אֲבָרֶכְךָ בְחַיָּי בְּשִׁמְךָ אֶשָּׂא כַפָּֽי׃
4
Thus will I bless thee while I live: I will lift up my hands in thy name.

Luke 1:9

κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἱερατείας ἔλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ κυρίου
9
According to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord.

Psalms 134:2

שְׂאֽוּ-יְדֵכֶם קֹדֶשׁ וּבָרֲכוּ אֶת-יְהוָֽה׃
2
Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the LORD.

Psalms 28:2

שְׁמַע קוֹל תַּחֲנוּנַי בְּשַׁוְּעִי אֵלֶיךָ בְּנָשְׂאִי יָדַי אֶל-דְּבִיר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃
2
Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto thee, when I lift up my hands toward thy holy oracle.

Exodus 30:7

וְהִקְטִיר עָלָיו אַֽהֲרֹן קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר בְּהֵֽיטִיבוֹ אֶת-הַנֵּרֹת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה׃
7
And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.

Exodus 30:34

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה קַח-לְךָ סַמִּים נָטָף׀ וּשְׁחֵלֶת וְחֶלְבְּנָה סַמִּים וּלְבֹנָה זַכָּה בַּד בְּבַד יִֽהְיֶֽה׃
34
And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight:

Psalms 5:3

יְֽהוָה בֹּקֶר תִּשְׁמַע קוֹלִי בֹּקֶר אֶֽעֱרָךְ-לְךָ וַאֲצַפֶּֽה׃
3
My voice shalt thou hear in the morning, O LORD; in the morning will I direct my prayer unto thee, and will look up.

Exodus 29:39

אֶת-הַכֶּבֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָד תַּֽעֲשֶׂה בַבֹּקֶר וְאֵת הַכֶּבֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִי תַּֽעֲשֶׂה בֵּין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם׃
39
The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at even:

Leviticus 16:11

וְהִקְרִיב אַֽהֲרֹן אֶת-פַּר הַֽחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ וְכִפֶּר בַּֽעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ וְשָׁחַט אֶת-פַּר הַֽחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר-לֽוֹ׃
11
And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which is for himself:

Exodus 29:41

וְאֵת הַכֶּבֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִי תַּֽעֲשֶׂה בֵּין הָֽעַרְבָּיִם כְּמִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר וּכְנִסְכָּהּ תַּֽעֲשֶׂה-לָּהּ לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ אִשֶּׁה לַֽיהוָֽה׃
41
And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

Ezra 9:4

וְאֵלַי יֵאָֽסְפוּ כֹּל חָרֵד בְּדִבְרֵי אֱלֹהֵֽי-יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל מַעַל הַגּוֹלָה וַֽאֲנִי יֹשֵׁב מְשׁוֹמֵם עַד לְמִנְחַת הָעָֽרֶב׃
4
Then were assembled unto me every one that trembled at the words of the God of Israel, because of the transgression of those that had been carried away; and I sat astonied until the evening sacrifice.

Leviticus 10:1

וַיִּקְחוּ בְנֵֽי-אַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַֽאֲבִיהוּא אִישׁ מַחְתָּתוֹ וַיִּתְּנוּ בָהֵן אֵשׁ וַיָּשִׂימוּ עָלֶיהָ קְטֹרֶת וַיַּקְרִיבוּ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה אֵשׁ זָרָה אֲשֶׁר לֹא צִוָּה אֹתָֽם׃
1
And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.

Acts 3:1

ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό δὲ Πέτρος καὶ Ἰωάννης ἀνέβαινον εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν Ἐπὶ τὴν ὥραν τῆς προσευχῆς τὴν ἐννάτην
1
Now Peter and John went up together into the temple at the hour of prayer, being the ninth hour.

Numbers 16:46

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶֽל-אַהֲרֹן קַח אֶת-הַמַּחְתָּה וְתֶן-עָלֶיהָ אֵשׁ מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְשִׂים קְטֹרֶת וְהוֹלֵךְ מְהֵרָה אֶל-הָֽעֵדָה וְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם כִּֽי-יָצָא הַקֶּצֶף מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה הֵחֵל הַנָּֽגֶף׃
46
And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone out from the LORD; the plague is begun.
Psalms 141:1
Read Psalms 141
Psalms 141:3