Daniel 4:11

רְבָ֥ה אִֽילָנָ֖א וּתְקִ֑ף וְרוּמֵהּ֙ יִמְטֵ֣א לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א וַחֲזוֹתֵ֖הּ לְס֥וֹף כָּל אַרְעָֽא
The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

רְבָ֥ה
רְבָ֥ה
Root word grown, grew, made
Dictionary form: רְבָה · reh-BAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: grew
grew ×2 art grown ×1 is grown ×1 made man ×1 were grown ×1
More options
grow — Most natural, broadly applicable rendering for increase in size.
become great — Emphasizes magnitude or status, not just physical growth.
grow up — Best for maturing persons or living things.
increase — Suits contexts of quantity or numerical growth.
be made great — Passive; highlights divine or external agency.

BDB9883 H7236 H7235

BDB9882 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9884

רְבָה verb grow great (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew I. רבה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ר Dan 4:8 +; 3 feminine singular רְבָת v.Dan 4:19 2 masculine singular רְבַיְתָ Kt ( > רְבַת Qr K§ 47, Beisp. 1)a)) v.Dan 4:19 — grow tall and large, of tree Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17 grow long, of hair v.Dan 4:30 figurative grow great, of king v.Dan 4:19, increase, of greatness v.Dan 4:19. Pa`el make great: Perfect 3 masculine singular רַבִּי Dan 2:48 with ל accusative of person

grown, grew, made
rĕbâ
to increase (in whatever respect)
  • to grow great
    • (P'al) to grow long, grow tall and large, grow great, increase
      • "(Pael) to make great

אִֽילָנָ ֖א
אִֽילָנָ
Root word tree
֖א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אִילָן · ee-LAWN

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the tree
the tree ×5 a tree ×1
More options
tree — Most natural, universally understood default choice.
great tree — Captures the word's connotation of a large, stately tree.
timber tree — Emphasizes the tree as a solid, substantial wooden plant.
woody plant — Precise botanical register; useful in descriptive or scientific contexts.

BDB9278 H363

BDB9277 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9279

אִילָן (D138) noun masculineDan 4:7 tree (ᵑ7 אִילָן, Syriac ; compare Biblical Hebrew אֵלָה, אֵלוֺן); — absolute׳א Dan 4:7 emphatic נָא- v.Dan 4:8 v.Dan 4:11 v.Dan 4:17 v.Dan 4:20 v.Dan 4:23.

tree
ʾîlān
a tree
  • tree

וּ תְקִ֑ף
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תְקִ֑ף
Root word strong, firm, hardened
Dictionary form: תְּקֵף · teh-KAPE

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and was strong
and was strong ×2 and become strong ×1 and to make a firm ×1 hardened ×1
More options
grow strong — Best for contexts showing increasing power or strength.
harden — Ideal when resistance or stubbornness is implied.
strengthen — Emphasizes active reinforcement; suits causative contexts.
become firm — Highlights resolve or solidity; good for abstract contexts.
prevail — Useful when dominance over opposition is in view.
become mighty — Elevates intensity; suits royal or military contexts.

BDB10015 H8630 H8631

BDB10014 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB10016

[תְּקֵף] verb grow strong (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew, q. v., (late)) —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular תְּקִ֑ף, of tree, Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17 2 masculine singular תְּקֵמְתְּ Dan 4:19 of king; 3 feminine singular תְִּקַפַת Dan 5:20 figurative grow arrogant, of spirit of man. Pa`el make strong, stringent: Infinitive לְתַקָּפָה Dan 6:8 accusative of interdict.

strong, firm, hardened
tĕqēp
to become (causatively, make) mighty or (figuratively) obstinate
  • to grow strong, be hardened
    • (P'al)
      • to grow strong, be hardened
        • "to grow arrogant (figuratively)
      (Pael) to make strong, make firm, make stringent

וְ רוּמֵ הּ֙
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
רוּמֵ
Root word height
הּ֙
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: רוּם · room

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the height
and the height ×2 whose height ×2 the height ×1
More options
height — Most natural, direct equivalent; broadly applicable.
altitude — Prefer for measurable or vertical distance contexts.
elevation — Good for geographic or architectural descriptions.
stature — Use when referring to the height of a living being.

BDB9896 H7314

BDB9895 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9897

[רוּם] noun masculineDan 4:7 height; — suffix רוּמֵהּ, of temple Ezra 6:3, image Dan 3:1, tree in vision Dan 4:7; Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17.

height
rûm
(literally) altitude
  • height

יִמְטֵ֣א
יִמְטֵ֣א
Root word came, reached, reacheth, come
Dictionary form: מְטָא · meh-TAW

Verb — Peal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: thereof reached
came ×2 and came ×1 and reacheth ×1 is come ×1 reached ×1 thereof reached ×1 they came ×1
More options
reach — Best for conveying extent or arrival at a boundary.
arrive — Formal; suits a person or thing coming to a destination.
come — Broad, natural; good default for most narrative contexts.
get to — Colloquial; vivid for reaching a place after effort.
extend to — Spatial sense; ideal when describing physical boundaries.
attain — Suits abstract goals or heights rather than physical places.

BDB9655 H4291

BDB9654 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9656

מְטָא, מְטָה verb reach, attain (Targam id., Syriac , compare Christian-Palestinian Aramaic SchulthLex. 108; Ethiopic Arabic (for ) NöZMG xl (1886), 736; distinct from Biblical Hebrew מָצָא, etc., q. v.); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular מְטָא Dan 4:25, ָ  ה Dan 7:13; Dan 7:22 3 feminine singular מְטַת Dan 4:19, מְטָת v.Dan 4:21 Qr (Kt, erroneous, מטית K§ 47, Beisp. 1) a)); 3 masculine plural מְטוֺ Dan 6:25 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִמְטֵא Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17 —
1. a. reach, come to Dan 6:25 (ל location); come unto, as far as Dan 7:13 (עַד person); absolute arrive Dan 7:22 (of time; ᵐ5 ἐδόθη; see NesMM 41 who compare Arabic IV. give).
  b. reach, extend, ל location Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17; Dan 4:19.
2. with עַל person come upon, befall Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25.

came, reached, reacheth, come
mĕṭāʾ
to arrive, extend or happen
  • to reach, come upon, attain
    • (P'al)
      • to reach, come to
        • "to reach, extend"to come upon

לִ שְׁמַיָּ ֔א
לִ
Prefix — preposition to, for
שְׁמַיָּ
Root word heaven, heavens
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: שָׁמַיִן · shaw-ma-YIN

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: unto heaven
of heaven ×21 heaven ×4 of the heaven ×4 unto heaven ×3 in heaven ×2 the heavens ×2 heavens ×1 unto the heaven ×1
More options
sky — Natural, everyday register; best for physical atmosphere.
heavens — Slightly elevated; suits poetic or cosmic contexts.
heaven — Theological/religious register; dwelling place of God.
skies — Vivid, plural imagery; good for weather or creation poetry.
celestial realm — Formal or liturgical; emphasizes divine domain.
upper realm — Neutral periphrasis when ambiguity between sky and heaven matters.

BDB9965 H8064 H8065

BDB9964 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9966

[שְׁמַ֫יִן] noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew [שָׁמַי], שָׁמַיִם, √ שׁמה); — always emphatic שְׁמַיָּא:

1. visible sky Jer 10:11; Dan 4:8; Dan 4:10; Dan 4:17; Dan 4:19; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:27; Dan 4:28 ׳עוֺף שׁ Dan 2:38 ׳צִפֲּרֵי שׁ Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 ׳טַל שׁ v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20 v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21 ׳רוּחֵי שׁ Dan 7:2 winds of the sky; ׳עֲנָנֵי שׁ vDan 7:13 heavens + earth = universe Jer 10:11, where God shews signs Dan 6:28.
2.heavens as abode of God Dan 2:28; Dan 4:31, hence, figurative, as ruling v.Dan 4:23 (׳שׁ sometimes = God in Late Hebrew, J, Aramaic, DWorte Jesu 179; Eng.Tr.218 f.); as abode of angels v.Dan 4:32 (Dr); elsewhere in phrase ׳אֱלָהּ שׁ Dan 2:18; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:44; Ezra 5:11; Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21; Ezra 7:23 (twice in verse), ׳מֶלֶךְ שׁ Dan 4:34, ׳מָרֵא שׁ Dan 5:23.

heaven, heavens
šāmayin
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
  • heaven, heavens, sky
    • visible sky
      • "Heaven (as abode of God)

וַ חֲזוֹתֵ ֖הּ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
חֲזוֹתֵ
Root word sight
֖הּ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: חֲזוֹת · huh-DZOTE

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the sight
and the sight ×2
More options
sight — Most natural general equivalent; broadly applicable.
vision — Prefer when context involves prophetic or divine seeing.
appearance — Emphasizes how something looks to an observer.
view — Good for descriptions of a visual scene or panorama.
spectacle — Use when the sight is striking or remarkable in nature.

BDB9518 H2379

BDB9517 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9519

[חֲזוֺת K§ 55, 6 b) 2; read perhaps וּת- K§ 61, 4 b), Anm.] noun feminine sight, visibility (see SchulthZAW xxii (1902). 165 f.); — suffix חֲווֺהֵתּ Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17.

sight
ḥăzôt
a view
  • view, sight, visibility

לְ ס֥וֹף
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
ס֥וֹף
Root word end
Dictionary form: סוֹף · sope

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thereof to the end
the end ×2 is the end ×1 thereof to the end ×1 to the end ×1
More options
end — Most neutral and versatile rendering for general use.
conclusion — Prefer for formal or literary contexts emphasizing finality.
close — Good for narrative endings or temporal sequence.
finish — Suits contexts stressing completion of an event or process.
outcome — Use when result or consequence is in view.

BDB9736 H5491

BDB9735 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9737

סוֺף noun [masculine] end; — construct ׳ס end of the earth Dan 4:8; Dan 4:19 emphatic סוֺפָא Dan 7:28 end, conclusion of the matter; ׳עַדסֿ = for ever Dan 6:27; Dan 7:26.

סוּפֹּנְיָה, סיפניה see סוּמְפֹּנְיָה. above

end
sôp
a termination
  • end, conclusion

כָּל
כָּל
Root word all, any, as, whole, every, …
Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of all
all ×24 and all ×9 any ×5 the whole ×5 every ×3 forasmuch as ×3 in all ×3 as ×2
More options
all — Most universal choice; suits totality of groups or things.
every — Prefer when emphasizing each individual item separately.
whole — Best for a single unified entity taken in its entirety.
any — Use in negative or conditional contexts for indefinite scope.
everything — More emphatic than 'all'; good for abstract totality.
since / because — Use when כֹּל functions as a causal conjunction.

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

BDB9611 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9613

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.
2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).
3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K§ 83 d;) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, any, as, whole, every, …
kōl
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
  • all, whole, the whole
    • the whole of, all
      • "every, any, none

אַרְעָֽ א
אַרְעָֽ
Root word earth, inferior
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֲרַע · uh-RA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the earth
the earth ×7 of the earth ×5 earth ×2 and earth ×1 and in earth ×1 from the earth ×1 in the earth ×1 inferior ×1
More options
earth — Most natural default; fits cosmological and physical contexts.
ground — Prefer when surface or soil is emphasized.
land — Good for territorial or regional nuance.
world — Use when scope is broad or universal.
lower — For the 'inferior/lesser' sense in comparisons.
earthly — Adjectival use; contrasts heavenly with mundane.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

BDB9349 H772 H778

BDB9348 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9350

[אֲרַק] noun [feminine] earth (= [אֲרַע]; ארקא Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. B 15 + often (sometimes also ארעא, as ib.16), Nineveh and Babylonian Aramaic Cooke192, also Mandean NöM§ 66, Zinjirli, Lzb227 Cooke166 (compare 183); עק֑, as Zinjirli מוצאמ֑וקא, רצהר֑קי, Cooke166, 185; compare K§ 7, 2 and anm. i and references, Cooke185 NöZMG xivii (1893), 100; M § 66 GunkSchöpf. 18 LzbEph. I. 223 SACJQ, 1903-4, 273); — emphatic אַרְקָא Jer 10:11a.

earth, inferior
ʾăraʿ
the earth; by implication (figuratively) low
  • earth, world, ground

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
רְבָ֥ה אִֽילָנָ֖א Tipeha — a lesser break וּתְקִ֑ף Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְרוּמֵהּ֙ Pashta — a lesser break יִמְטֵ֣א לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וַחֲזוֹתֵ֖הּ Tipeha — a lesser break לְס֥וֹף כָּל אַרְעָֽא Silluq — end of the verse

רְבָה אִֽילָנָא וּתְקִף וְרוּמֵהּ יִמְטֵא לִשְׁמַיָּא וַחֲזוֹתֵהּ לְסוֹף כָּל-אַרְעָֽא׃
11
The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth:
Cross References

Daniel 4:21

וְעָפְיֵהּ שַׁפִּיר וְאִנְבֵּהּ שַׂגִּיא וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא-בֵהּ תְּחֹתוֹהִי תְּדוּר חֵיוַת בָּרָא וּבְעַנְפוֹהִי יִשְׁכְּנָן צִפֲּרֵי שְׁמַיָּֽא׃
21
Whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation:

Deuteronomy 9:1

שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתָּה עֹבֵר הַיּוֹם אֶת-הַיַּרְדֵּן לָבֹא לָרֶשֶׁת גּוֹיִם גְּדֹלִים וַֽעֲצֻמִים מִמֶּךָּ עָרִים גְּדֹלֹת וּבְצֻרֹת בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
1
Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and fenced up to heaven,

Matthew 11:23

καὶ σύ Καπερναούμ ἡ ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθεῖσα ἕως ᾅδου καταβιβασθήσῃ· ὅτι εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν σοί ἔμειναν ἂν μέχρι τῆς σήμερον
23
And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.

Genesis 11:4

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ הָבָה׀ נִבְנֶה-לָּנוּ עִיר וּמִגְדָּל וְרֹאשׁוֹ בַשָּׁמַיִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה-לָּנוּ שֵׁם פֶּן-נָפוּץ עַל-פְּנֵי כָל-הָאָֽרֶץ׃
4
And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.
Daniel 4:10
Read Daniel 4
Daniel 4:12