Deuteronomy 22:9

לֹֽא

Particle not

Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: thou shalt not

not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86

More options

not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.

no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.

never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.

nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.

neither — Use when negating two elements together.

none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

BDB4266 H3808

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236} Walker^{AJSL 1896, 237 ff.}) — לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr^{MM 248}), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.^{p. 251}), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
(a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges^{«GKC:156»§ 156}. 3 R. b, c Dr^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr^{§ 115}, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109}. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
(b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
(c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָבר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
(d) standing alone:
(a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
(e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew^{§ 324 a} Ges^{«GKC:150»§ 150}. 1 Dr^{1Sam 11:12}): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
b. with adjectives and substantive:
(a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
(b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר

2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
(c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew^{§ 320 c} Dr^{§ 162}): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v^b בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew^{§ 286 g} Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v^b Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr^{§ 164}), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236 f}.

4. With prefixes: —
a. בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
(a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
(b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
(c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
(a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see De^{Ps 100. 3} Fr^{MM 247} Str^{Prol. Cr. 84}), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb³⁰¹ Cook^{G1. 67}); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K^{§ 67, 1} Dr^{§ 202, 2}.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, D^{Aramaic Dialektproben, p. 1}). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, neither, nor, none, …

lōʾ

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

not, no

not (with verb—absolute prohibition)

תִזְרַ֥ע

Root word sow, sown, yielding, sowed, sower, …

Dictionary form: זָרַע · dzaw-RA

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: sow

sow ×11 and sow ×3 and ye shall sow ×3 sown ×3 thou shalt sow ×3 yielding ×3 and i will sow ×2 be sown ×2

More options

sow — Direct modernization of dominant KJV rendering; broadly applicable.

plant — Prefer when emphasizing deliberate agricultural planting.

seed — Use as verb ('to seed a field'); natural in modern agricultural contexts.

scatter seed — Highlights the physical action of broadcasting seed.

cultivate — Broader register; suits metaphorical or wisdom literature contexts.

beget — Rare; use only when context is biological conception or offspring.

BDB2463 H2232

I. זָרַע verb sow, scatter seed (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian zirû TP^{Prism vi. 15}; Arabic ; Aramaic , זְרַע; Ethiopic but in Sabean דֿרא DHM^{ZMG 1883, 15 and in proper name, Id. in} MV^{10, pp. 242, 983}) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular זָרַע Judg 6:3 1 singular וְזָרַעְתִּ֫י Jer 31:27 suffix וּזְרַעְתִּיהָ consec Hos 2:25 3 plural זָָֽרְעוּ Jer 12:13 2 masculine plural זְרַעַתֶּם Hag 1:6 וּזְרַעְתֶּם consecutive Gen 47:23 + 2 t.; Imperfect יִזְרָ֑ע Eccl 11:4 וַיִּזְרַע Gen 26:12 suffix וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ Judg 9:45 1 singular אֶזְדְעָה Judg 31:8 suffix וְאֶזְרָעֵם Zech 10:9, etc.; Imperative masculine singular זְרַע Eccl 11:6 masculine plural זִרְעוּ Hos 10:12 +2 t.; Infinitive לִזְרֹעַ Isa 28:24 Participle active זֹרֵעַ Isa 55:10 + 3 t.; זזֹרֵעַ Prov 22:8; Jer 50:16, etc.; Passive participle זָרֻעַ Ps 97:11 (but on text see below); feminine זְרוּעָה Jer 2:2 —

1. literally sow:
a. absolute sow (seed), do one's sowing Judg 6:3; Gen 26:12 (J), Isa 28:24 (after ploughing חרשׁ); זִרְעוּ וקצרו ונטעו כרמים Isa 37:30 = 2Kgs 19:29 || קצר also Mic 6:15; Lev 25:11 (H), Eccl 11:4 || אסף Lev 25:20 (H); opposed to אכל Job 31:8 זֹרְעֵי עלכֿלמֿים Isa 32:20 (on construct compare Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}, 1); with אתהֿשּׁנה הַשׁמינִת Lev 25:22 followed by הַרְבֵּה Hag 1:6 (opposed to הָבֵא מְעָ֑ט).
b. with accusative of land אדמה Exod 23:10 (J E; || אסף), Gen 47:23 (J); field (שׂדה) Lev 25:3 (|| אסף), compare vLev 25:4; Ps 107:37 as passive participle אֶרֶץ לֹא זְרוּעָה Jer 2:2 (|| מִדְבָּר).
c. with accusative of seed אֶתזַֿרְעֲךָ ׳ז Deut 11:10, compare Deut 22:9; Jer 35:7; Lev 26:16 (H) Eccl 11:6 followed by חִטִּים Jer 12:13 (|| קצר); compare also בִּכּוּרֵי מַעֲשֶׂיךָ אשׁר תזרע בַּשָּׂדֶה Exod 23:16 (JE).
d. followed by 2 accusative לֹא תזרע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאַ֑יִם Deut 22:9 compare שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאַיִם Lev 19:19 (H); זַרְעֲךָ אשׁרתֿזדע אתהֿאדמה Isa 30:23 also of destroyed city וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ מֶ֑לַח Judg 9:45.
e. participle active as substantive זוֺרֵעַ Jer 50:16 (|| תֹּפֵשׂ מַגָּל בְּעֵת קָציר); לַֹזּרֵעַ Isa 55:10 (|| לָאֹכֵל).

2. of shrub and tree producing, yielding seed, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Gen 1:29 (twice in verse) (P), compare

Hiph`il 3. figurative:
a. of Yahweh's sowing (planting) Israel in the land וזרעתיה לי בָארץ Hos 2:25 (We וזרעתיהו, object being Jezreel); on the other hand וְאֶזְרָעֵם בָּעַמִּים Zech 10:9.
b. with 2 accusative, of Yahweh's fructifying Israel and Judah יהודה זֶרַע אדם וזרע ׳וזרעתי אתבֿית ישׂראל ואתבֿ בהמה Jer 31:27.
c. of moral action, זִרְעוּ לָכֶם לִצְדָקָה Hos 10:12 (|| קצר); צדקה׳ז Prov 11:18 אַלתִּֿזְרְעוּ אֶלקֹֿצִים Jer 4:3 sow not in among thorns (said of a few righteous deeds amid much wickedness); especially of evil-doing רוּחַ יזרעו וְסוּפָתָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ Hos 8:7 זֹרְעֵי עָמָל Job 4:8 (|| קצר); זוֺרֵעַ עַוְלָה יקצוראָֿוֶן Prov 22:8.
d. of Israel's practising idolatry זְמֹרַת זָר תִּזְרָעֶ֑נּוּ Isa 17:10 (2 accusative)
e. הזרעים בדמעה בְּרִנָּה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ Ps 126:5 metaphor of distress followed by joy. feminine אוֺר זָרֻעַ לַצַּדִּיק Ps 97:11 read probably זָרַח, Vrss Ol Hu Bae Che and others

Niph`al be sown, fructified, Perfect 3 feminine singular וְנִזְרְעָה consecutive Num 5:28 2 masculine plural וְנִזְרַעְתֶּם consecutive Ezek 36:9 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִזָּרַע Nah 1:14 יִזָּרֵ֑עַ Deut 21:4; Lev 11:37 3 feminine singular תִּזָּרַע Deut 29:22 —

1. be sown:
a. subject אֶרֶץ, ולא תַּצְמִחַ ׳לֹא תִזּ Deut 29:22, compare (of נַחַל אֵיתָן) לא יֵעָבֵּד ׳בּוֺ ולא יִזּ Deut 21:4 in address to הָרֵי ישׂראל, וְנֶעֱבַּדְתֶּם וְנִזְרַעְתֶּם Ezek 36:9.
b. subject זֶרַע, זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אשׁר יִזָּרֵעַ Lev 11:37 (P); figurative מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֺד ׳לֹא יִזּ Nah 1:14 no more of thy name be sown, in judgment against Nineveh.

2. be fructified, made pregnant וְנִזְרְעָה זָרַ֑ע Num 5:28 (P; of woman). Pu`al Perfect 3 plural זֹרָ֑עוּ Isa 40:24 of princes and judges under figure of trees (|| נִטָּ֑עוּ, שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם). Hiph`il Imperfect 3 feminine singular תַּזְרִיעַ Lev 12:2 Participle מַזְרִיעַ Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12 —

1. produce seed, of herb, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12 apparently denominative from זֶרַע; compare

Qal 2. 2. of a woman, = bear a child תַּזְרִיעַ וְיָיָָֽלְדָה זָכָר Lev 12:2.

BDB9500 H2232 H2233 H2234

זְרַע noun [masculine] seed (compare Biblical Hebrew I. זרע); — construct אֲנָשָׁא ׳ז Dan 2:43 seed (offspring) of men.

sow, sown, yielding, sowed, sower, …

zāraʿ

to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify

to sow, scatter seed

(Qal)

to sow

to be sown

כַּרְמְ ךָ֖

כַּרְמְ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Thy vineyard")

ךָ֖

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)

Dictionary form: כֶּרֶם · keh-REM

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thy vineyard

vineyards ×13 and vineyards ×8 a vineyard ×7 the vineyard ×7 thy vineyard ×6 the vineyards ×5 vineyard ×4 my vineyard ×3

More options

vineyard — Standard modern rendering; suits most narrative contexts.

vine-garden — Highlights cultivated, garden-like character of the plot.

winery — Emphasizes production purpose; good for commercial contexts.

grape plantation — Clarifies agricultural scale; useful in descriptive passages.

BDB4196 H3754

כֶּרֶם₉₂ noun masculine^{Deut 28:30} (feminine^{Isa 27:2}) vineyard (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic כַּרְמָא Zinjirli כרם DHM^Sendsch.58; Arabic , vine; Ethiopic vine; Jen^{ZA vii. (1892), 217} compare Assyrian Karânu, vine; — etymology dubious; Thes and others compare Arabic noble, generous, fertile, but precarious); — absolute ׳כ Exod 22:4 +, כָּ֑רֶם Gen 9:20 +; construct כֶּרֶם 1Kgs 21:7 +; suffix כַּרְמִי Isa 5:3 +, כַּרְמְךָ Exod 23:11 +, etc.; plural כְּרָמִים Josh 24:13 +; construct כַּרְמֵי Amos 5:1 + 2 t.; suffix כְּרָמֵנוּ Neh 5:3 + 3 t.; כַרְמֵיכֶם Amos 4:9 + 2 t., etc., — vineyard Gen 9:20 (J), 1Kgs 21:1 + 9 t. 1Kgs 21; Song 2:15 (twice in verse) +; so even Judg 15:5 (where read וזית ׳כָ compare GFM, who however doubts genuineness); + זַּיִת Exod 23:11 (E) and often (V. זית); + שָׂדֶה Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 (E), and often; figurative of Israel under ׳י's. care Isa 5:1ff., compare Isa 3:14; Jer 12:10 figurative of Shulamite's complexion Song 1:6, of her heart Song 8:12. — Vbs. governing ׳כ are: — נָטַע Gen 9:20; Amos 5:11 + 16 t., compare ׳מַטָּעֵי כ Mic 1:6 זָרַע Deut 22:9 (c. 2 accusative); חִלֵּל = begin to use fruit of, Deut 20:6 (twice in verse); Deut 28:30; Jer 31:5 זָמַר prune, Lev 25:3; Lev 25:4 בָּצַר gather, harvest (literally cut off, i.e. grapes, Lev 25:5; Lev 25:11), Deut 24:21; Judg 9:27, compare לִקֵּשׁ Job 24:6 עוֺלֵל glean, Lev 19:10; Deut 24:21 אָכַל Josh 24:13 (usually 'eat fruit of' Isa 65:21, etc.); locusts devour Amos 4:9 (si vera lectio) On proper name, of a location אָבֵל כְּרָמִים see II. אָבֵל 4; בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם.

vineyards, vineyard, vines, vintage

kerem

a garden or vineyard

vineyard

כִּלְאָ֑יִם

Root word kind, mingled, seed, seeds

Dictionary form: כִּלְאַיִם · kil-ah-YIM

Noun — Common, masculine dual, absolute state dual — a natural pair ("two ___")

In the KJV here: with divers seeds

mingled ×1 with a diverse kind ×1 with divers seeds ×1 with mingled seed ×1

More options

mixed kinds — Most natural modern phrasing; suits laws on mixing.

two different kinds — Highlights the dual/paired nature of the Hebrew form.

hybrid mixture — Good for agricultural or textile mixing contexts.

diverse kinds — Slightly more formal; modernizes the KJV 'diverse kind'.

crossbreeding — Prefer when context specifically involves animals or plants.

mixed seed — Narrower; best when the referent is explicitly seed/grain.

BDB4010 H3610

כִּלְאַיִם noun [masculine] dual two kinds (Arabic , both; Ethiopic two; perhaps also כלאי MI²³ both, two, Nö^{LCB 1889, 61, cf} Dr^{Sm xcii}; Sm u. So^{MI, 1886 suggest} reservoirs; see also כְּלִי) — בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא ׳תַּרְבִּיעַ כ Lev 19:19 not cause thy cattle to breed (in) two kinds; ׳שָֽׂדְךָ לֹא תִּזְרַע כ vLev 19:19 (H); לֹא תִּזְרַע ׳כַּרְמְךָ כ Deut 22:9 (both כִּלְאָ֑יִם); ׳בֶּגֶד כ Lev 19:19 (H); — only in law of H and D against mixtures.

kind, mingled, seed, seeds

kilʾayim

two heterogeneities

two kinds, mixture

forbidden practice among cattle (cross breeding), seeds (sowing), and cloth garments (material)

פֶּן

Conjunction lest, that, peradventure, not

Dictionary form: פֵּן · pane

Conjunction

In the KJV here: lest

lest ×88 lest peradventure ×5 and lest ×4 not ×3 that ×3 beware lest ×2 that not ×2 therewith lest ×2

More options

lest — Direct modernization; clearest warning-clause equivalent.

or else — Colloquial; suits consequence warnings in narrative.

so that … not — Explicit negative-purpose clause; useful in formal prose.

for fear that — Highlights anxiety or precaution behind the warning.

in case — Softer register; fits cautionary or conditional contexts.

BDB6677 H6435

פֶּןֿ₁₃₃ (always with Makkeph

**except Gen 38:23; Gen 44:34; Deut 7:25; Deut 32:27 [not Gi], Isa 27:3; Prov 25:8: Mandelkern^{Conc. under the word}.) conjunction (averting, or deprecating), lest (origin dubious: Thes Kö^{ii. 334} from פָּנָה, properly substantive construct in accusative for the aversion of; but פָנָה is intransitive: Nö^{M. 474} compares the enclitic particle פּוֺן in ᵑ7, then ἄν, 'etwa,' thinking that a particle with the meaning 'es möchte etwa,' spoken in a tone of alarm, might readily acquire a deprecatory force); — lest:

1. with imperfect Gen 3:3 ye shall not eat thereof . . . פֶּןתְּֿמֻתוּן lest ye die, Gen 11:4 let us build a city פֶּןנָֿפוּץ lest we be scattered, Gen 19:15; Gen 19:17; Gen 19:19; Gen 38:23; Gen 45:1l Exod 1:10; Exod 23:29; Exod 23:33 etc., 2Kgs 10:23 (followed by יֵשׁ), Isa 6:10; Isa 27:3; Isa 28:22; Isa 48:5; Isa 48:7; Ps 2:12; Ps 7:3 etc.; often after הִשָׁמֶרלְֿךָ take heed to thyself Gen 24:6; Gen 31:24, and especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 4:9; Deut 4:23; Deut 6:12; Deut 8:11 and elsewhere; after a verb of fearing Gen 32:12, and once, even, of swearing Judg 15:12 deprecating pathetically, Gen 44:34 how shall I go up, etc.? lest I look upon the evil that will befal my father. Once, unusually, preceding the principal clause, Prov 5:6 אֹרַח חַיִּים פֶּןתְּֿפַלֵּס lest she should make level the path of life, her ways are unstable, etc. (Ew Be Now; see also Toy). Note especially
a. the idiom כִּי אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי) פֶּןֿ for he (I) said, Lest..., implying always that some precaution has been taken to avert the dreaded contingency, Gen 26:9 for I said, Lest I die on account of her (to obviate which, Isaac had called Rebecca his sister), Gen 31:31; Gen 38:11; Gen 42:4; Exod 13:17; Num 16:34; 1Sam 13:19; 1Sam 27:11 (לֵאמֹר), Ps 38:17 with כי אמר implied Gen 26:7 compare, with an aposiop., Gen 3:22 and now, lest he put forth his hand, etc. (implying that measures are taken to prevent this, see vGen 3:23): compare Tob 8:9.
b. פֶּןֿ at the beginning of a sentence, with a dissuasive force, (Beware) lest: + Isa 36:18 פֶּןיַֿסִּית אֶתְכֶם חזקיהו (beware) lest Hezekiah deceive you, Deut 29:17 (twice in verse) (followed by יֵשׁ), Jer 51:46; Job 32:13; Job 36:18.

2. with Perfect, the result feared being conceived as having possibly already taken place; 2Sam 20:6 pursue after him, פֶּןמָֿצָא לוֺ ֗֗֗ וְהִצִּיל lest he have found him fenced cities, etc. (but the tense of והציל makes יִמְצָא probably, Dr^sm Bu Kö^{iii. 486}), 2Kgs 2:16 ׳וַיַּשְׁלִכֵהוּ וגו ׳פֶּןנְֿשָׂאוֺ רוּחַ י.

lest, that, peradventure, not

pēn

properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest

(conj) lest, not, beware lest

תִּקְדַּ֗שׁ

Root word sanctify, sanctified, hallow, hallowed, dedicated, …

Dictionary form: קָדַשׁ · kaw-DAHSH

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person feminine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: be defiled

sanctify ×8 and sanctified ×7 to sanctify ×7 sanctify yourselves ×6 and sanctify ×5 had dedicated ×4 prepare ×4 do sanctify them ×3

More options

consecrate — Best for ritual/priestly settings; formal register.

set apart — Clear modern idiom for making something holy or dedicated.

dedicate — Good for objects or persons formally given to God.

hallow — Modernized KJV form; still recognized but slightly elevated.

purify — Use when the context emphasizes ritual cleansing or preparation.

proclaim holy — Preferred when the verb has a declarative or public function.

BDB7324 H6942

קָּדַשׁ verb denominative be set apart, consecrated (Gerber^{238 ff.}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ק Exod 29:21 suffix קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ Isa 65:5 3 masculine plural קָדֵ֑שׁוּ Num 17:2 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְדַּשׁ 1Sam 21:6 יִקְדָּ֑שׁ Exod 29:37 +, etc.; —

1. be set apart, consecrated, hallowed, of shew-bread 1Sam 21:6 (dubious Passage, but compare especially RS^{Semitic i. 436; 2nd ed. 455} [also Dr^sm.293], who proposes יְקֻדַּשׁ); Aaron and his sons by blood Exod 29:21 (P); other persons Isa 65:5 (Di; but Pi`el Gei RS^{Semitic i. 431; 2nd ed. 451} Che Du Buhl).

2. be hallowed, by contact with sacred things, and so tabooed from profane use, of forfeited to sanctuary Exod 29:37; Exod 30:29; Lev 6:11; Lev 6:20; Num 17:2; Num 17:3 (P), Hag 2:12.

3. consecrated, tabooed (above) Deut 22:9 (law against mixtures). Niph`al Perfect. 3 masculine singular נִקְדַּשׁ Isa 5:16; Exod 29:43, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּקָּדֵשׁ Num 20:13 1 singular אֶקָּדֵשׁ Lev 10:3 Infinitive construct. suffix הִקָּֽדְשִׁי Ezek 36:23; Ezek 38:16 —

1. shew oneself sacred, majestic:
c. בְּ person, + לְעֵינֵי Ezek 20:41; Ezek 28:25; Ezek 36:23; Ezek 38:16; Ezek 39:27 with בְּ Isa 5:16; Ezek 28:22, compare Num 20:13 (P).

2. be honoured or treated as sacred || נכבד Lev 10:3 (P); opposed to חלּלשׁם Lev 22:32 (P).

3. be consecrated, dedicated, by ׳כבוד י Exod 29:43 (P). Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular קִדַּשׁ Num 6:11; 1Kgs 8:64, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְקַדֵּשׁ Gen 2:3 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קַדֵּשׁ Josh 7:13 קַדֶּשֿׁ Exod 13:2, etc.; Infinitive construct קַדֵּשׁ Exod 29:1 +, etc.; Participle מְקַדֵּשׁ Exod 37:28 suffix מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם Exod 31:13 +, etc.; —

1. set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate:
a. places: Sinai Exod 19:23 (J), alter, etc., Exod 29:36; Exod 29:37; Exod 30:29 (P), tabernacle, etc. Exod 40:9; Exod 40:10; Exod 40:11; Lev 8:10; Lev 8:11; Lev 8:15; Num 7:1 (twice in verse) (P); tent of meeting Exod 29:44 (P); place of sacrifice 1Kgs 8:64 = 2Chr 7:7 gate Neh 3:1 (twice in verse); — Ezek 7:24 see מִקְדָּשׁ below
b. wave-offering Exod 29:27 (P).
c. persons: priests Exod 28:3; Exod 28:41; Exod 29:1; Exod 29:33; Exod 29:44; Exod 30:30; Exod 40:13; Lev 8:12; Lev 8:30 firstborn Exod 13:2 (P); keepers of ark 1Sam 7:1.
d. 7th day (by God) Gen 2:3; Exod 20:11 (P).

2. observe as holy, keep sacred: feasts, Sabbath Exod 20:8 = Deut 5:12 (Decal.), Jer 17:22; Jer 17:24; Jer 17:27; Ezek 20:20; Ezek 44:24; Neh 13:22 fast Joel 1:14; Joel 2:15 year of Jubilee Lev 25:10 (P); so עצרה לבעל 2Kgs 10:20.

3. honour as sacred, hallow:
a. God Deut 32:51, his name Exod 36:23. b priest Lev 21:8 (H).

4. consecrate by purification:
a. places, house of ׳י 2Chr 29:5; 2Chr 29:17 (twice in verse), alter מִטֻּמְאֹת, Lev 16:19.
b. people העם Josh 7:13 (J), Ezek 44:10; Ezek 46:20 by washing Exod 19:10; Exod 19:14 (E); קהל for fast Joel 2:16 Nazirite Num 6:11 (P), sons of Job Job 1:5 family for sacrifice 1Sam 16:5.
c. war, or warriors, from custom of opening campaign by sacrifice, (עַל) מִלְחָמָה ׳ק Jer 6:4; Joel 4:9; Mic 3:5; Jer 22:7; Jer 51:27; Jer 51:28.
d. of God, keeping his people pure and sacred: אני יהוה מְקַדֵּשׁ Exod 31:13; Lev 20:8; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:16; Lev 22:32 (H), Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28. Pu`al Participle מְקֻדָּשׁ Ezek 48:11, etc.; — consecrated, dedicated: priests 2Chr 26:18; Ezek 48:11 (read plural), things 2Chr 31:6, feasts Ezra 3:5, warriors Isa 13:3. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִקְדִּישׁ Zeph 1:7 +, etc.; Imperfect יַקְדּישׁ Lev 27:16 + 4 t., יַקְדִּשׁ Lev 27:14, etc.; Imperative suffix הַקְדִּשֵׁם Jer 12:3 Infinitive absolute הַקְדֵּשׁ Judg 17:3 construct הַקְדִּישׁ 2Chr 2:3 +, etc.; Participle מַקְדִּישׁ Lev 27:15 +, etc.

1. set apart, devote, consecrate:
a. places, temple 2Chr 2:3, city Josh 20:7 (P).
b. things Exod 28:28; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3 (P) 2Kgs 12:19; 1Chr 23:13; 1Chr 26:26; 1Chr 26:27; 1Chr 26:28 (twice in verse); Neh 12:47 (twice in verse); money Judg 17:3 (twice in verse); spoil 2Sam 8:11 (twice in verse) = 1Chr 18:11 field Lev 27:16; Lev 27:17; Lev 27:18; Lev 27:19; Lev 27:22 (H); house Lev 27:14; Lev 27:15 (H); firstlings Deut 15:19 (D) Lev 27:26 (H).
c. of God: consecrate temple 1Kgs 9:3; 1Kgs 9:7 = 2Chr 7:16; 2Chr 7:20; 2Chr 30:8; 2Chr 36:14 prophet Jer 1:5 firstborn Num 3:13; Num 8:17 (P); devote wicked (as sheep) for sacrifice Jer 12:3.

2. regard, or treat, as sacred, hallow: God Isa 8:13; Isa 29:23 (twice in verse); + לְעֵינֵי person Num 20:12; Num 27:14.

3. consecrate by purification: vessels 2Chr 29:19 persons for Passover 2Chr 30:17 guests for sacrificial feast Zeph 1:7 (God subject). Hithpa`el Perfect, 1 singular הִתְקַדִּשְׁתִּי Ezek 38:23, 2 masculine plural (consecutive) דִּשְׁתֶּם- Lev 11:44; Lev 20:7, 3 plural הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ 2Chr 5:11; 2Chr 30:17, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְקַדְּשׁוּ 2Chr 29:34 +; יִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ Exod 19:22 Imperative masculine plural הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ Num 11:18 +; הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ Josh 3:5 Infinitive construct הִתְקַדֵּשֹׁ 2Chr 29:34 הִתְקַדֶּשֿׁ Isa 30:29 Perfect feminine singular מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת 2Sam 11:4 plural מִתְקַדְּשִׁים Isa 66:17 —

1. keep oneself apart from unclean things Lev 11:44; Lev 20:7 (P).

2. of God, cause himself to be hallowed, לְעֵינֵי גּוֺיִם Ezek 38:23.

3. be observed as holy, of feast Isa 30:29.

4. consecrate oneself by purification, of priests and Levites Exod 19:22 (J), 1Chr 15:12; 1Chr 15:14; 2Chr 5:11; 2Chr 29:5; 2Chr 29:15; 2Chr 29:34 (twice in verse); 2Chr 30:3; 2Chr 30:15; 2Chr 30:24; 2Chr 31:18; 2Chr 35:6 of people Num 11:18; Josh 3:5; Josh 7:13 (J) 1Sam 16:5; 2Chr 30:17; Isa 66:17 woman 2Sam 11:4 she having (just) purified herself מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ Rs^{K. 276} Dr HPS.

sanctify, sanctified, hallow, hallowed, dedicated, …

qādaš

to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally)

to consecrate, sanctify, prepare, dedicate, be hallowed, be holy, be sanctified, be separate

(Qal)

to be set apart, be consecrated

to show oneself sacred or majestic

to set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate

to be consecrated

to set apart, devote, consecrate

to keep oneself apart or separate

הַֽ מְלֵאָ֤ה

הַֽ

Prefix — article the

מְלֵאָ֤ה

Root word fruit, fruits, fulness

Dictionary form: מְלֵאָה · meh-lay-AW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the fruit

and as the fulness ×1 the fruit ×1 to offer the first of thy ripe fruits ×1

More options

harvest yield — Practical, agricultural context; broadly accessible.

produce — General term for crops or natural output.

fullness — Modernized KJV form; emphasizes abundance or completeness.

ripened crop — Stresses maturity; good for first-fruits passages.

bounty — Elevated register; highlights generous abundance.

first fruits — Cultic/liturgical contexts; offerings to God.

BDB4651 H4395

מְלֵאָה noun feminine fulness, full produce; — ׳מ Num 18:27; Deut 22:9 מְלֵאָֽתְךָ Exod 22:28 = full produce of field Exod 22:28, הַזֶּרַע ׳מ the full produce of the seed Deut 22:9 of winepress Num 18:27.

fruit, fruits, fulness

mĕlēʾâ

something fulfilled, i.e., abundance (of produce)

fullness, full produce

הַ זֶּ֙רַע֙

הַ

Prefix — article the

זֶּ֙רַע֙

Root word seed, carnally, child, fruitful, seeds, …

Dictionary form: זֶרַע · dzeh-RA

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of thy seed

seed ×35 thy seed ×24 the seed ×21 his seed ×10 and his seed ×7 of the seed ×7 of thy seed ×7 and thy seed ×6

More options

seed — Best for agricultural or botanical contexts.

offspring — Best for human lineage or descendant contexts.

descendants — Plural collective; ideal for covenant or genealogical passages.

posterity — Slightly formal; emphasizes future generations as a whole.

lineage — Highlights family line or heritage rather than individuals.

semen — Use only in explicit reproductive or purity-law contexts.

BDB2464 H2233

זֶ֫רַע noun masculine^{Deut 28:38} sowing, seed, offspring (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic זְרַע, ; Phoenician זרע; Zinjirli id.; Arabic seed-produce, seed; Ethiopic Assyrian zêru, cultivated land, Belser^{BAS ii. 130,} compare Arabic ) — absolute ׳ז Gen 47:23 =; זָ֑רַע Gen 1:29 +; construct זֶרַע Isa 5:10 +; זְרַעֿ Num 11:7 suffix זַרְעִי 1Sam 20:42; 1Sam 24:22 זַרְעֲךָ Deut 11:10 +; זַרְעֶ֑ךָ Eccl 11:6 +; etc.; plural suffix זַרְעֵיכֶם 1Sam 8:15 —

1. literal:
a. a sowing הַשָּׂדֶה ׳לְז Gen 47:24 (J; + אָכְלְכֶם; otherwise Lev 27:16 b, see below 2 c); ׳לֹא מְקוֺם ז Num 20:5 no place for sowing (J E; + וּתְאֵנָה וְגֶפֶן וְרִמּוֺן); compare ׳שְׂדֵה ז Ezek 17:5 a field suitable for sowing; hence
b. sowing as regularly recurring at its season Gen 8:22 (J; || קָצִיר, + קֹר וָחֹם וְקַיִץ וָחֹרֶף וְיוֺם וָלַיְלָה), Lev 26:5 (H; || דַּיִשׁ, בָּצִיר; — compare Amos 9:13 below 2 a).

2. seed:
a. literally, sown, to raise crops for food, usually corn (wheat, barely, etc.) Gen 47:19; Gen 47:23 (J; compare vGen 47:14f.), Num 24:7 (JE); נָתַן לַֹזּרֵעַ ׳ז Isa 55:10 (|| לֶחֶם), Deut 28:38 (רַב ׳ז), Lev 26:16 (H; with זָרַע), Lev 27:16 a, חֹמֶר שְׂעֹרִים ׳ז vLev 27:16b (both P), compare Isa 5:10.
b. figurative, of idolatry of Judah Isa 17:11 (|| קציר); of fortunes of Zion ׳מֶשֶׁךְ הַזּ Ps 126:6 the dropping of seed, i.e. the proper quantity for sowing (opposed to אֲלֻמֹּת); Jer 35:7 (with זָרַע, || כֶּרֶם לֹא תִטָּ֔עוּ), compare vJer 35:9 (|| כרם, שׂדה); ׳מְטַר ז Isa 30:23 (with זָרַע, || לֶחֶם תְּבוּאַתּ הָאֲדָמָה); also Deut 11:10 (with זָרַע), Eccl 11:6 (c. id.); זֵרוּעַ ׳ז Lev 11:37, compare vLev 11:38 (both P); as yielding the crop תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶ֑ךָ Deut 14:22 the product of thy seed, compare
d. below; ׳וְנִגַּשׁ תוֺרֵשׁ בַּקּוֺצֵר וְדֹרֵךְ עֲנָבִים בְּמשֵׁךְ הַזּ Amos 9:13, in figure of rapid and plentiful growth in the coming time; הָאָרֶץ ׳ז producing a vine Ezek 17:5, of growth and prosperity of Israel; ׳הַזּ Mal 2:3, read perhaps הַזְּרֹעַ (compare VB).
c. seed as product; the manna is compare with גַּד ׳ז, coriander seed Num 11:7 (JE), Exod 16:31 (P); seed of herbs and trees Gen 1:11 (twice in verse); Gen 1:12 (twice in verse); Gen 1:29 (twice in verse) (all P). Especially
d. seed as corn-product, corn-crop, so (although not quite clearly) Deut 22:9 (with זָרַע; || תְּבוּאַת הַכָּ֑רֶם); plural 1Sam 8:15 (perhaps better arable lands, compare above As zêru; || כרמים), הָאָרֶץ ׳ז Lev 27:30 (|| פְּרִיעֵֿץ; otherwise Gen 47:24, compare above 1 a); שִׁחֹר ׳ז Isa 23:3 (|| קְצִיר יְאוֺר); בַּמְּגוּרָה ׳הַעוֺד הַזּ Hag 2:19 (|| גֶּפֶן, תְּאֵנָה, רִמּוֺן, עֵץ הַזַּיִת); יָשִׁו֯ב זַרְעֶ֑ךָ וְגָרְנְךָ יֶאֱסֹף Job 39:12 (of harvest); so perhaps ׳כְּבֵית סָאתַיִם ז 1Kgs 18:32.
e. זֶרַע הַשָּׁלוֺם הַגֶּפֶן Zech 8:12, read perhaps שׁלוֺם ׳הַזּ the crop is security (= secure), so ᵑ6 Or and others; > Ew Hi and others who translate ׳הַשּׁ ׳ז the growth of peace, making הַגֶּפֶּן appositive — Verbs used with ׳ז in these senses are: — usually זַרַע Gen 1:11; Lev 26:16; Jer 35:7 +; הִפְרִיחַ Isa 17:11 נָתַן בְּ = plant, sow Ezek 17:5 נָתַן yield Isa 55:10 מָשַׁךְ Amos 9:13.

3. seed = semen virile, וְנִזְרְעָה זָ֑רַע Num 5:28, and she shall be made pregnant with seed; usually ׳שִׁכְּבַתזֿ, flow of semen Lev 22:4 (H), Lev 15:16; Lev 15:32 (P; all with תֵּצֵא), Lev 15:17 (P; with הָיָה); as accusative modi שׁכב ׳ז ׳אתאִֿשָּׁה שׁ Lev 19:20 (H), Lev 15:18; Num 5:13 (both P); so also נתן שְׁכָבְתּוֺ לְזרע Lev 18:20 (לְ genitives); compare בְּהֵמָה ׳אָדָם וז ׳ז Jer 31:27 (as 2nd accusative after זָרַע q. v. 3 b).

4. seed = off spring:
a. rarely of animals, collective Gen 3:15; Gen 7:3 (both J). Usu.
b. of mankind, coll. = descendants, posterity; seed of the woman Gen 3:15 (J); seed of the patriarchs (especially Abraham) Gen 12:17; Gen 13:15; Gen 13:16 (twice in verse); Gen 16:10; Gen 22:17 (twice in verse); Gen 22:18; Gen 24:7; Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (3 t. in verse); Gen 26:24; Gen 28:13; Gen 28:14 (twice in verse); Gen 32:13 (all J), Gen 15:13; Gen 15:18; Exod 32:13 (twice in verse); Exod 33:1 (all J E), Gen 21:12; Josh 24:3 (both E; in both promised seed of Abraham restricted to line of Isaac), Deut 11:9; Deut 34:4; Neh 9:8 = a son as involving posterity Gen 15:3; Gen 15:5 (JE) compare below; phrase זַרְעָם אַחֲרֵיהֶם Deut 1:8, compare Deut 4:37; Deut 10:15, so P, Gen 17:7 (twice in verse); Gen 17:8; Gen 17:9; Gen 17:10; Gen 17:19; Gen 35:12; Gen 48:4 זִרְעֲךָ אִתָּךְ Gen 28:4 (P; compare Num 18:19); see also below c. c. seed (= posterity) of other individuals Gen 21:13 (E; of Ishmael) Gen 24:60; Gen 48:19 (both J), Num 14:24 (JE), Lev 21:21; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:4 (all H), Num 17:5 (P), 1Sam 20:42 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:22; 2Sam 4:8; 1Kgs 2:33 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 11:39; 2Kgs 5:27; Jer 29:32; Ezek 43:19; Job 5:25 (|| צֶאֱצָאֶיךָ), Job 21:8 (|| id.); especially of seed of David as anointed to reign Ps 18:51 = 2Sam 22:51 (|| לִמְשִׁיחוֺ), as sitting on throne Jer 33:21, compare vJer 33:22 vJer 33:26, Ps 89:5; Ps 89:30; Ps 89:37 of Jehoiachin Jer 22:28; Jer 22:30, Jehoiakim Jer 36:31 (compare vJer 36:30); of child (son) as involving posterity Gen 38:8; Gen 38:9 (twice in verse) (of Er's seed by Onam); Gen 48:11 (all J), compare Gen 19:32; Gen 19:31 (J), 2Sam 7:12; Ruth 4:12; Lev 21:15 (H); phrase זַרְעָם אַחֲרֵיהֶם of seed of Noah and his sons Gen 9:9 of Aaron Exod 28:43 of Phinehas Num 25:13 (all P); of David 1Chr 17:11 לְזַרְעוֺ לְדֹרֹתָם Exod 30:21 (P), compare Lev 21:17 (H; both of Aaron), see also b above ׳ז, of seed of righteous, especially Psalms: — Ps 25:13; Ps 37:25; Ps 37:26; Ps 69:37; Ps 102:29 (|| בָּנִים), Ps 112:2 (|| דּוֺר ישׁרים), compare Ps 22:31 (on text see Che); of wicked Ps 21:11; Ps 37:28.
d. specifically of a particular child (son) אַחֵר ׳ז Gen 4:25 (J); אֲנָשִׁים ׳ז 1Sam 1:11 of children Lev 18:21; Lev 20:2; Lev 20:34; Lev 22:13 (all H), 1Sam 2:20 (compare בָּנִים, בָּנוֺת1Sam 2:21); children and grandchildren Gen 46:6; Gen 46:7 (P).
e. family Gen 17:12 (P; compare Assyrian zêr bit abišu Asrb^{Annals iii. 10}); note especially of royal family הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ז 1Kgs 11:14 הַמַּמְלָכָה ׳ז 2Kgs 11:1 = 2Chr 22:10 הַמְּלוּכָה ׳ז 2Kgs 25:25 = Jer 41:1; Ezek 17:13; Dan 1:3 = pedigree בית אבותם וְזַרְעָם Ezra 2:59 = Neh 7:61 = one's nation, as of same blood Esth 10:3 (|| עַם). — Some verbs used with ׳ז in these senses are: — נָתַן, God subject Gen 15:3; Ruth 4:12 (followed by מִן of woman); שִׂים 1Sam 2:20 with man as subject נתן Gen 38:9 הֵקִים vGen 38:8 ׳חִיָּה ז, keep alive, or give life to, of animals Gen 7:3 of woman Gen 19:32; Gen 19:34 (followed by מִן of man). feminine especially as name for people of Israel, seed of Abraham Isa 41:8; 2Chr 20:7 (|| עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל), Jer 33:26; Ps 105:6 (|| בְּנֵי יעקִב); of Israel or Jacob 2Kgs 17:20; Neh 9:2 (|| בני ישׂראל vNeh 9:1), Isa 43:5; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:25; Jer 31:36; Jer 31:37; Jer 33:26; Ps 22:24 (twice in verse); 1Chr 16:13 (|| בני יעקב); so בֵּית ישׂראל ׳ז Jer 23:8; Ezek 44:22 (ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Manuscripts Co strike out בית); בית ׳ז יעקב Ezek 20:5 in Esther. הַיְהוּדִים ׳ז Esth 6:13 so of Edom (seed of Esau) Jer 49:10, compare מִוֶּרע מָדַי Dan 9:1.
g. seed of Israel (or Jacob, or the people), is used also, by (later) prophets, of future generations, in addressing the people: — Deut 28:46; Deut 28:59; Deut 30:6; Deut 30:19; Deut 31:21, compare Num 18:19 (P; לְזַרְעֲךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ, || וּלְבָנֶיךָ וְלִבְנוֺתֶיךָ), Jer 30:10 = Jer 46:27 (Jacob and Israel here = people), Ps 106:27 || צֶאֱצָא(יך ׅ Isa 44:3 (Jacob and Jeshurun), Isa 48:19, compare Isa 61:9 also Jer 7:15; Isa 54:3; Isa 66:22 (|| שִׁמְכֶם); מִפִּי זַרְעֲךָ וּמִפִּי זֶרַע זַרְעֲךָ Isa 59:21 of Jews (יהודים) Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28; Esth 9:31.

5. seed as marked by moral quality = persons (or community) of such a quality; transition to this through such cases as those of ׳בְּרוּכֵי י ׳ז Isa 65:23 (|| צֶאֱצָאִים), compare Isa 61:9; Isa 65:9 הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳ז Ezra 9:2 (of Israel), compare Isa 53:10 note, in good sense צַדִּיקִים ׳ז Prov 11:21 (opposed to רַע); אֱמֶת ׳ז Jer 2:21 (|| שׂוֺרֵק); אלהים ׳ז Mal 2:15 — קֹדֶשׁ ׳ז Isa 6:13 is a gloss; — in bad sense מְרֵעִים ׳ז Isa 1:4 community of evil-doers (|| גּוֺיחֹֿטֵא, עַם כֶּבֶד עָוֺן, בָּנִים מַשְׁחִיתִים), Isa 14:20 מְנָאֵף ׳ז Isa 57:3 (|| בני עֹנֲנָה); שָֿׁ֑קֶר׳ז vIsa 57:4 (|| יִלְדֵיפֶֿשַׁע).

BDB9500 H2232 H2233 H2234

זְרַע noun [masculine] seed (compare Biblical Hebrew I. זרע); — construct אֲנָשָׁא ׳ז Dan 2:43 seed (offspring) of men.

seed, carnally, child, fruitful, seeds, …

zeraʿ

seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity

seed, sowing, offspring

a sowing

a practitioner of righteousness (figuratively)

אֲשֶׁ֣ר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

תִּזְרָ֔ע

Root word sow, sown, yielding, sowed, sower, …

Dictionary form: זָרַע · dzaw-RA

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: thou hast sown