Deuteronomy 32:16

יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ בְּזָרִ֑ים בְּתֽוֹעֵבֹ֖ת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ
They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

יַקְנִאֻ ֖הוּ
יַקְנִאֻ
Root word jealous, jealousy, envied, envious, envy, …
֖הוּ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: קָנָא · kaw-NAW

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: they provoked him to jealousy
envy ×3 and envied ×2 be thou envious ×2 him and he be jealous ×2 i have been very ×2 jealous ×2 and he be jealous ×1 and i was jealous ×1
More options
be jealous — Best for divine or protective jealousy contexts.
envy — Prefer for human covetous rivalry between people.
be zealous — Use when the emotion drives fervent, passionate action.
provoke to jealousy — Idiomatic; suits contexts of deliberate instigation.
resent — Softer modern option for low-intensity envy or rivalry.
be filled with zeal — Highlights intensity; good for prophetic or covenant contexts.

BDB7477 H7065

BDB7476 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7478

קָנָא verb denominative Pi`el be jealous, zealous (Gerber131); — Perfect 3 masculine singular קִנֵּא Num 25:13+; 1 singular קִנֵּאתִי Zech 1:14 + etc.; Imperfect יְקַנֵּא Isa 11:13; Prov 23:17, etc.; Infinitive absolute קַנֹּא 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14 construct suffix קַנְאוֺ Num 25:11 קַנּאֹתוֺ 2Sam 21:2 Participle מְקַנֵּא Num 11:29 —

1. be jealous of, with accusative אֶתאִֿשְׁתּוֺ Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:30 (P); in rivalry Isa 11:13.
2. be envious of with ב person, Gen 30:1 (E), Gen 37:11 (J) Ps 37:1; Ps 73:3; Prov 3:31; Prov 23:17; Prov 24:1; Prov 24:19 with accusative of person Gen 26:14 (J), Ezek 31:9 with ל person Ps 106:16.
3. be zealous for:
  a. of man, with ל person Num 11:29 (J), 2Sam 21:2 for God Num 25:13 (P), 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14 קנאה ׳ק Num 25:11(P).
  b. of God, לְשֵׁם קָדְשִׁי Ezek 39:25, לְאַרְצוֺ Joel 2:18, ׳לִירוּשׁ Zech 1:14, לְצִיּוֺן Zech 8:2 (twice in verse).
4. excite to jealous anger, with בִּ instrumental Deut 32:21 a (dubious; probably הַקְנִאוּנִי; compare vDeut 32:16.21 b), 1Kgs 14:22. Hiph`il provoke to jealous anger: Imperfect 3 masculine plural suffix יַקְנִאֻהוּ Deut 32:16 יַקְנִיאוּהוּ Ps 78:58 (|| וַיַּכְעִיסוּהוּ) 1 singular אַקְנִיאֵם Deut 32:21 b; Participle metaplastic מַקְנֶה Ezek 8:3 (Ges«GKC:75q»§ 75q, del Co.).

jealous, jealousy, envied, envious, envy, …
qānāʾ
to be (causatively, make) zealous, i.e., (in a bad sense) jealous or envious
  • to envy, be jealous, be envious, be zealous
    • (Piel)
      • to be jealous of
        • "to be envious of"to be zealous for"to excite to jealous anger
      (Hiphil) to provoke to jealous anger, cause jealousy

בְּ זָרִ֑ים
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
זָרִ֑ים
Root word strangers, stranger, strange, estranged, woman, …
Dictionary form: זוּר · dzoor

Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: with strange
strangers ×11 strange ×8 of strangers ×5 and the stranger ×4 stranger ×4 and strangers ×3 estranged ×3 for a stranger ×3
More options
foreigner — Best general term; implies outsider by origin or nationality.
outsider — Broader social exclusion; good for non-ethnic contexts.
alien — Formal/legal register; suits covenantal or community-law texts.
estranged — For the verb/adjective sense of being made distant or cut off.
unauthorized — Prefer when the nuance is prohibited access, e.g. priestly texts.
unfamiliar — For abstract 'strange/foreign' things rather than people.

BDB2326 H2114

BDB2325 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2327

I. [זוּר] verb be a stranger (Arabic (medial ) incline toward, repair to, visit; II. honour as visitor or guest; IX. decline, turn aside; visitor; Aramaic זוּר, often = Hebrew סוּר turn aside, turn aside to visit) —

Qal Perfect 3 plural זֹר֫וּ Ps 58:4 (Köi. 445), זָ֫רוּ Ps 78:30; Job 19:13 Participle זָר Exod 30:33 + 27 t.; feminine זָרָה Exod 30:9 + 7 t.; masculine plural זָרִים Hos 5:7 + 30 t.; feminine plural זָרוֺת Prov 22:14; Prov 23:33 = suffix זָרָ֑יִךְ Isa 29:5
1. Perfect become estranged Ps 58:4, with מן from Job 19:13; Ps 78:30.
2. Participle as adjective strange, or as noun stranger:
  a. to the family, of another household, אִישׁ זָר Deut 25:5, elsewhere זָר 1Kgs 3:18; Job 19:15; Prov 6:1; Prov 11:15; Prov 20:16; Prov 27:13 זָרִים Ps 109:11; Prov 5:10; Prov 5:17 בנים זרים, children of another household than God's Hos 5:7 especially of another family than priests' אִישׁ זָר Lev 22:12 (H) Num 17:5 (P); זָר Lev 22:10; Lev 22:13 (H) Exod 29:33; Exod 30:33; Num 3:10; Num 3:38; Num 18:7 (P); not belonging to the tribe of Levi, Num 1:51; Num 18:4 (P).
  b. to the person, another Job 19:27; Prov 14:10; Prov 27:2 זָרָה (אִשָּׁה) strange woman, harlot Prov 2:16; Prov 5:3; Prov 5:20; Prov 7:5; Prov 22:14; Prov 23:33.
  c. to the land, foreign, זָרִים foreigners (as such usually enemies) Hos 7:9; Hos 8:7; Isa 1:7 (twice in verse); Isa 25:2; Isa 25:5; Isa 29:5; Isa 61:5; Jer 5:19; Jer 30:8; Jer 51:2; Jer 51:51; Lam 5:2; Ezek 7:2; Ezek 11:9; Ezek 16:32; Ezek 28:7; Ezek 28:10; Ezek 30:12; Ezek 31:12; Joel 4:17; Obad 1:11; Job 15:19; Ps 54:5 אֵל זָר foreign god Ps 44:21; Ps 81:10 = זָר Isa 43:12 so זָרִים Deut 32:16 and (in figurative) Jer 2:25; Jer 3:13 מַיִם זָרִים foreign waters 2Kgs 19:24; Jer 18:14 זְמֹרַת זָר Isa 17:10 vine-slip of a stranger; כְּמוֺזָֿר נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ Hos 8:12 they are regarded as foreign; מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר Isa 28:21 his work is foreign (as if dealing with enemies).
  d. strange to the law; קְטֹרֶת זָרָה strange incense Exod 30:9 (P); אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire Lev 10:1; Num 3:4; Num 26:61(P). Niph`al Perfect נָז֫רֹוּ Isa 1:4; Ezek 14:5 be estranged Isa 1:4, pregnantly, followed by אָחוֺר (compare RV); מֵעַל Ezek 14:5. Hoph`al Participle מוּזָר estranged Ps 69:9.

BDB2327 H2114

BDB2326 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2328

II. [זוּר, זִיר] verb be loathsome, Bö§ 1142 (Arabic fastidivit, abhorruit; Assyrian zâru, resist, Imperfect izîru, DlPr 65 SchrCOT Gloss); — only 3 feminine singular זָ֫רָה Job 19:17 רוּחִי זָ֫רָה לְאִשְׁתִּי my breath is loathsome to my wife (וְחַנֹּתִי לְ in || clause); > most, who derive from I. זוּר, become strange and so repugnant.

BDB2328 H2114

BDB2327 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2329

זָרָא noun [feminine] loathsome thing, עַד אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מֵאַפְּכֶם וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְזָרָא Num 11:20 (JE) and it (the flesh) become to you a loathsome thing (ᵐ5 εἰς χολέραν, ᵑ9 in nauseam), probably error for זָרָה (⅏)

strangers, stranger, strange, estranged, woman, …
zûr
to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
  • to be strange, be a stranger
    • (Qal)
      • to become estranged
        • "strange, another, stranger, foreigner, an enemy (participle)"loathsome (of breath) (participle)"strange woman, prostitute, harlot (metonymy)
      (Niphal) to be estranged"(Hophal) to be a stranger, be one alienated

בְּ תֽוֹעֵבֹ֖ת
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
תֽוֹעֵבֹ֖ת
Root word abominations, abomination, abominable, thing, things
Dictionary form: תּוֹעֵבַה · toh-ay-BA

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: gods with abominations
abominations ×14 abomination ×11 is an abomination ×11 the abominations ×8 thine abominations ×8 is abomination ×6 an abomination ×5 are abomination ×5
More options
abomination — Modernized from KJV; strong moral/ritual disgust.
detestable thing — Concrete and vivid; good for physical objects or practices.
loathsome act — Emphasizes the act itself; suits ethical/legal contexts.
vile practice — Highlights ongoing behavior; useful in prophetic condemnation.
repulsive offense — Relational nuance; stresses how it is received by God.
sacrilege — Best when the violation is specifically against the holy.

BDB9215 H8441

BDB9214 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9216

תּוֺעֵבָה117 noun feminine abomination; — absolute ׳ת Gen 43:32 + 21 t.; תֹּעֵבָה Jer 44:4 construct תּוֺעֲבַת Gen 46:34 +; plural תּוֺעֵבוֺת Ezek 8:6 +; construct תּוֺעֲבוֺת Ezek 6:11 +, etc.; suffix תֹּעֲבֹתָיוֺ 2Chr 36:8, etc.; —

1. ritual sense:
  a. Israel's sacrifices, מִצְרַיִם ׳ת (genitive object) Exod 8:22 (twice in verse) (E), compare Gen 46:34 (J); למצרים ׳ת Gen 43:32 (J); לְ ׳ת of physical repugnance Ps 88:9.
  b. to God and his people: ׳ת of unclean food Deut 14:3 worshipper of idols Isa 41:24, compare Jer 2:7 various objectionable acts: ׳לפני י ׳ת Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳ת Deut 7:25 (חֵרֶם, compare vDeut 7:26), Deut 17:1; Deut 18:12; Deut 22:5; Deut 23:19; Deut 27:15 offering of children (עשׂה) Deut 12:31, compare Jer 32:35, also plural 2Kgs 16:3 = 2Chr 28:3; Deut 18:9; Deut 18:12 ( + witchcraft); idolatrous practices (sometimes with other illegal acts) ׳עשׂה (כ)ת Deut 13:15; Deut 17:4; Deut 18:12; (intermarriage with idolaters), compare Jer 44:4 usually with plural noun Deut 20:18; 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 21:2; 2Kgs 21:11; 2Chr 33:2; 2Chr 36:8; Jer 7:10; Jer 44:22; Ezek 8:6 + 12 t. Ezekiel; compare תועבות 2Chr 36:14; Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:11; Ezra 9:14; Ezek 5:9 + 18 t. Ezekiel; of idols Deut 32:16 (תועבה) 2Kgs 23:13; Isa 44:19 (compare Deut 27:15); idolatrous objects 2Chr 34:33 || שׁקּוצים Jer 16:18 (RJE) Ezek 5:11; Ezek 11:18; Ezek 11:21, (׳צַלְמֵי ת) Ezek 7:20 || גלולים Ezek 14:6, compare Ezek 6:9 ׳גִּלּוּלֵי ת Ezek 16:36.
2. ethical sense:
  a. c. genitive object of man, שְׂפָתַי ׳ת Prov 8:7, מלכים ׳ת Prov 16:12, צדיקים ׳ת Prov 29:27 a, כסילים ׳ת Prov 13:19, רָשָׁע ׳ת Prov 29:27 b, לְאָדָם ׳ת Prov 24:9.
  b. to God and his people: ׳ת of sacrifice of wicked Prov 21:27 (compare Prov 15:8), his prayers Prov 28:9 compare Isa 1:13 (לְ ׳ת), probably also Jer 6:15 = Jer 8:12 (of various kinds of wickedness); unchastity Lev 18:22 with עשׂה Lev 20:13 (H) Ezek 22:11; Ezek 33:26 compare תועבות Lev 18:26; Lev 18:27; Lev 18:29 (compare vLev 18:30 H), also Prov 26:25 ׳י ׳ת Deut 25:16; Prov 3:32 + 10 t. Proverbs, compare Prov 6:16.

abominations, abomination, abominable, thing, things
tôʿēba
properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e., (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol
  • a disgusting thing, abomination, abominable
    • in ritual sense (of unclean food, idols, mixed marriages)
      • "in ethical sense (of wickedness etc)

יַכְעִיסֻֽ הוּ
יַכְעִיסֻֽ
Root word anger, provoked, provoke, angry, grieved, …
הוּ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: כַּעַס · ka-AS

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: provoked they him to anger
to provoke him to anger ×6 to provoke me to anger ×6 to provoke ×3 provoke me to anger ×2 provoked me to anger ×2 they might provoke me to anger ×2 against themselves to provoke me to anger ×1 and provoked to anger ×1
More options
provoke to anger — Most common sense; prefer for deliberate instigation.
irritate — Milder register; good for interpersonal friction contexts.
vex — Slightly stronger than irritate; suits persistent annoyance.
grieve — Prefer when the emotional tone is sorrow rather than rage.
enrage — Use when the resulting anger is intense or explosive.
exasperate — Good for repeated or escalating provocation patterns.

BDB4138 H3707

BDB4137 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4139

כָּעַס verb be vexed, angry (Late Hebrew כָּעַס, Aramaic כְּעַם (not Syriac)); —

Qal Perfect ׳כ Ps 112:10; Eccl 5:16 Imperfect וַיִּכְעַס Neh 3:33; 2Chr 16:10 1 singular אֶכְעַס Ezek 16:42 Infinitive לִכְעוֺם Eccl 7:9. —
1. be vexed, indignant Ps 112:10; Neh 3:33; Eccl 5:16.
2. be angry Ezek 16:42; Eccl 7:9, with אֶל person 2Chr 16:10. Piel. Perfect 3 feminine singular suffix כִּעֲסַתָּה 1Sam 1:6 3 masculine plural suffix כִּעֲסוּנִי Deut 32:21 provoke to anger.

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְעִיס Hos 12:15; 1Kgs 15:30 suffix הִכְעִיסוֺ 2Kgs 23:26 + 4 t. Perfect; הַכְעִסֵו֯נִי Jer 25:7 (scribal error for תַּכְעִיסוּני according to SS); Imperfect וַיַּכְעֵס 1Kgs 22:54; 2Chr 28:25 3 feminine singular suffix תַּכְעִיסֶנָּה 1Sam 1:7 + 6 t. Imperfect; Infinitive construct הַכְעִיס 1Kgs 16:13 + 5 t.; suffix הַכְעִ(י)סֵנִי Jer 7:18 + 11 t., + 6 t. suffixes; Participle plural מַכְעִיסִים Jer 7:19 + 4 t. —

1. vex, with accusative pers 1Sam 1:7; Ezek 32:9.
2. vex, provoke to anger, especially of provoking Yahweh by workship of other gods Judg 2:12; Judg 1:9; Judg 14:15; Judg 16:33; Judg 22:54; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 23:19; 2Chr 28:25; Neh 3:37; Jer 7:18; Jer 7:19; Jer 11:17; Jer 32:29; Jer 32:32; Jer 44:3; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 16:26; Isa 65:3; Hos 12:15 with בּ instrumental בְּתוֺעֵבֹת Deut 32:16 בְּהַבְלֵיהֶם Deut 32:21; 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 16:26 בחטאתם 1Kgs 16:2 במעשׂ(י) יד(יוׅ Deut 31:29; 1Kgs 16:7; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:7; Jer 32:30; Jer 44:8 בכל מעשׂ(ה) ידיהם 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25 בבמות Ps 78:58 בפסיליהם Jer 8:19 במעלליהם Ps 106:29 compare the phrases להכעיס(וׅ ׳עשׂה הרע(ה) בעיני י do the evil in the eyes of Yahweh to provoke (him) to anger Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 31:29; 1Kgs 16:7; 2Kgs 17:17; 2Kgs 21:6 = 2Chr 33:6 so מכעסים 2Kgs 21:15; Jer 32:30 אשׁר הכעיס כעס (יםׅ 1Kgs 15:30; 1Kgs 21:22; 2Kgs 23:26. — The phrase is characteristic of D Jeremiah and the compiler of Kings; see DrIntr 191; Deut 4:25 Holzeini. Hexateuch 287.

anger, provoked, provoke, angry, grieved, …
kaʿas
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
  • to be angry, be vexed, be indignant, be wroth, be grieved, provoke to anger and wrath
    • (Qal)
      • to be vexed, be indignant
        • "to be angry
      (Piel) to provoke to anger"(Hiphil)
      • to vex
        • "to vex, provoke to anger

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ Tipeha — a lesser break בְּזָרִ֑ים Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here בְּתֽוֹעֵבֹ֖ת Tipeha — a lesser break יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ Silluq — end of the verse

יַקְנִאֻהוּ בְּזָרִים בְּתֽוֹעֵבֹת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃
16
They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger.
Cross References

Psalms 78:58

וַיַּכְעִיסוּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָם וּבִפְסִילֵיהֶם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃
58
For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.

1 Corinthians 10:22

ἢ παραζηλοῦμεν τὸν κύριον μὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν
22
Do we provoke Lord to jealousy? the are we stronger than he?

Leviticus 18:27

כִּי אֶת-כָּל-הַתּֽוֹעֵבֹת הָאֵל עָשׂוּ אַנְשֵֽׁי-הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵיכֶם וַתִּטְמָא הָאָֽרֶץ׃
27
(For all these abominations have the men of the land done, which were before you, and the land is defiled;)

Nahum 1:1

מַשָּׂא נִֽינְוֵה סֵפֶר חֲזוֹן נַחוּם הָאֶלְקֹשִֽׁי׃
1
The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite.

2 Kings 23:13

וְֽאֶת-הַבָּמוֹת אֲשֶׁר׀ עַל-פְּנֵי יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם אֲשֶׁר מִימִין לְהַר-הַמַּשְׁחִית אֲשֶׁר בָּנָה שְׁלֹמֹה מֶֽלֶךְ-יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעַשְׁתֹּרֶת׀ שִׁקֻּץ צִֽידֹנִים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ שִׁקֻּץ מוֹאָב וּלְמִלְכֹּם תּֽוֹעֲבַת בְּנֵֽי-עַמּוֹן טִמֵּא הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
13
And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.

1 Kings 14:22

וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוּדָה הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה וַיְקַנְאוּ אֹתוֹ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ אֲבֹתָם בְּחַטֹּאתָם אֲשֶׁר חָטָֽאוּ׃
22
And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they had committed, above all that their fathers had done.

Deuteronomy 7:25

פְּסִילֵי אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶם תִּשְׂרְפוּן בָּאֵשׁ לֹֽא-תַחְמֹד כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עֲלֵיהֶם וְלָֽקַחְתָּ לָךְ פֶּן תִּוָּקֵשׁ בּוֹ כִּי תֽוֹעֲבַת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ הֽוּא׃
25
The graven images of their gods shall ye burn with fire: thou shalt not desire the silver or gold that is on them, nor take it unto thee, lest thou be snared therein: for it is an abomination to the LORD thy God.

Deuteronomy 5:9

לֹֽא-תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם וְלֹא תָֽעָבְדֵם כִּי אָֽנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵל קַנָּא פֹּקֵד עֲוֹן אָבוֹת עַל-בָּנִים וְעַל-שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל-רִבֵּעִים לְשֹֽׂנְאָֽי׃
9
Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me,
Deuteronomy 32:15
Read Deuteronomy 32
Deuteronomy 32:17