Exodus 8:14

וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ
And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ יִּצְבְּר֥וּ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יִּצְבְּר֥וּ
Root word up, gathered, heap, together
Dictionary form: צָבַר · tsaw-BAHR

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and they gathered them together
and gathered ×1 and heaped up ×1 and lay up ×1 and they gathered them together ×1 for they shall heap ×1 he heap up ×1 he heapeth up ×1
More options
accumulate — Broad, neutral; fits wealth, possessions, or abstract things.
pile up — Vivid, physical imagery; good for grain, objects, or debris.
amass — Implies large quantity; suits riches or resources.
stockpile — Suggests deliberate storage or hoarding for future use.
heap — Direct modern equivalent of KJV 'heap up'; concrete and vivid.
gather — Emphasizes collecting from scattered sources into one place.

BDB6929 H6651

BDB6928 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6930

[צָבַר] verb heap up (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic צְבַר Syriac is prate, chatter, rave; Arabic is collect, bind together; compare further Dozy); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִצְבֹּר Gen 41:35; Ps 39:7 3 feminine singular וַתִּצְבָּרֿ Zech 9:3, etc.; — heap up, in great quantity: with accusative corn Gen 41:35; Gen 41:49 (E), dead frogs Exod 8:10 (J), dust Hab 1:10, silver like dust Zech 9:3; Job 27:16, compare (object omitted) Ps 39:7.

up, gathered, heap, together
ṣābar
to aggregate
  • (Qal) to heap up, pile up
    • of grain, dust, silver

אֹתָ ֖ם
אֹתָ
Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated
֖ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54
More options
[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.
with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.
from — Use when context implies source or separation.
along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.
together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.
among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

BDB852 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB854

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; ˜אֹתְךָ, ˜אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once ˜אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once ˜אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also ˜אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schrödp. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS1640 f., Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di§ 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Olp. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
  a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿ˜כֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges«GKC:117»§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
  b. with a passive verb (Ges«GKC:121»§ 121. 1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַ˜ברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare DrJPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Exod 1:7 +.
  c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
  d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
  a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
  b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
  c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see GieZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

BDB9599 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9601

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; ZinjirliHad. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb263 Cooke170; compare RÉS468); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …
ʾēt
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
  • sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

חֳמָרִ֣ם
חֳמָרִ֣ם
Root word clay, homer, morter, mire, homers, …
Dictionary form: חֹמֶר · hoh-MER

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: upon heaps
of an homer ×5 of clay ×3 as the clay ×2 and for an homer ×1 are an homer ×1 are the clay ×1 as clay ×1 clay ×1
More options
clay — Best default; material shaped by a potter.
mortar — Building material; modernizes KJV 'morter'.
mud — Informal register; good for mire/slime contexts.
homer — Dry measure (~220 liters); use in quantity passages.
heap — Rare sense; use only for rubble/pile contexts.
mire — Poetic; sticky, swampy mud in figurative passages.

BDB2888 H2563

BDB2887 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2889

I. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine cement, mortar, clay; — ׳ח absolute Gen 11:3 + 13 t.; construct Isa 10:6 + 2 t.; —

1. mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Gen 11:3 (J), Exod 1:14 (P; both || לְבֵנִים); Nah 3:14 (|| טיט).
2. clay:
  a. as material of vessels Jer 18:4; Jer 18:6, היצר ׳ח Isa 29:16, in simile of God's fashioning man Isa 45:9; Isa 64:7; Job 10:9 as material of human bodies ׳בָּתֵּי ח Job 4:19 compare Job 33:6 as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Job 13:12 חותם ׳ח = seal-clay i.e. clay upon which seal is pressed.
  b. = mire חוצות ׳ח Isa 10:6 ׳הֹרָנִי לַח Job 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, i.e. deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in || clause); as simile of commonness, abundance Job 27:16 (|| עָפָר).

BDB2891 H2563

BDB2890 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2892

II. חֹ֫מֶר noun [masculine] heap (compare 1. חֲמוֺר) — ׳ח construct מַיִם רַבִּים ׳ח Hab 3:15 a heap of great waters (|| יָם) — but text dubious, see I. חמר; plural הֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Exod 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

BDB2892 H2563

BDB2891 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2893

III. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but dubious; compare Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, II. R Exod 36:19 a. b Strm4760, Imêru, a measure ZimBP 6 n) — ׳ח absolute Isa 5:10 + 5 t. Ezekiel; construct Hos 3:2 + 3 t.; plural חֳמָרִיםNum 11:32 — ׳ח of barley Hos 3:2; Ezek 45:13, compare שְׂעֹרִים ׳זֶרַע ח Lev 27:16 i.e. land on which a ׳ח of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ׳ח of wheat Ezek 45:13 in general ׳זֶרַע ח Isa 5:10 = 10 ephahs (or baths, see בַּת below בתת) Ezek 45:11 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 45:14 (twice in verse) (in vEzek 45:14 strike out Co); on actual size of ׳ח, = 393.9 litres, see HultschMetrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452f. See further II. בַּת and references, BenzArch 183 f NowArch. i, 203 f.

clay, homer, morter, mire, homers, …
ḥōmer
properly, a bubbling up, i.e., of water, a wave; of earth, mire or clay (cement)
  • cement, mortar, clay
    • mortar, cement
      • "clay"mire
    heap
    • swelling, surging (of water)
    homer—a unit of dry measure about 65 imperial gallons (300 l)

חֳמָרִ֑ם
חֳמָרִ֑ם
Root word clay, homer, morter, mire, homers, …
Dictionary form: חֹמֶר · hoh-MER

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

of an homer ×5 of clay ×3 as the clay ×2 and for an homer ×1 are an homer ×1 are the clay ×1 as clay ×1 clay ×1
More options
clay — Best default; material shaped by a potter.
mortar — Building material; modernizes KJV 'morter'.
mud — Informal register; good for mire/slime contexts.
homer — Dry measure (~220 liters); use in quantity passages.
heap — Rare sense; use only for rubble/pile contexts.
mire — Poetic; sticky, swampy mud in figurative passages.

BDB2888 H2563

BDB2887 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2889

I. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine cement, mortar, clay; — ׳ח absolute Gen 11:3 + 13 t.; construct Isa 10:6 + 2 t.; —

1. mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Gen 11:3 (J), Exod 1:14 (P; both || לְבֵנִים); Nah 3:14 (|| טיט).
2. clay:
  a. as material of vessels Jer 18:4; Jer 18:6, היצר ׳ח Isa 29:16, in simile of God's fashioning man Isa 45:9; Isa 64:7; Job 10:9 as material of human bodies ׳בָּתֵּי ח Job 4:19 compare Job 33:6 as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Job 13:12 חותם ׳ח = seal-clay i.e. clay upon which seal is pressed.
  b. = mire חוצות ׳ח Isa 10:6 ׳הֹרָנִי לַח Job 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, i.e. deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in || clause); as simile of commonness, abundance Job 27:16 (|| עָפָר).

BDB2891 H2563

BDB2890 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2892

II. חֹ֫מֶר noun [masculine] heap (compare 1. חֲמוֺר) — ׳ח construct מַיִם רַבִּים ׳ח Hab 3:15 a heap of great waters (|| יָם) — but text dubious, see I. חמר; plural הֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Exod 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

BDB2892 H2563

BDB2891 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2893

III. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but dubious; compare Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, II. R Exod 36:19 a. b Strm4760, Imêru, a measure ZimBP 6 n) — ׳ח absolute Isa 5:10 + 5 t. Ezekiel; construct Hos 3:2 + 3 t.; plural חֳמָרִיםNum 11:32 — ׳ח of barley Hos 3:2; Ezek 45:13, compare שְׂעֹרִים ׳זֶרַע ח Lev 27:16 i.e. land on which a ׳ח of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ׳ח of wheat Ezek 45:13 in general ׳זֶרַע ח Isa 5:10 = 10 ephahs (or baths, see בַּת below בתת) Ezek 45:11 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 45:14 (twice in verse) (in vEzek 45:14 strike out Co); on actual size of ׳ח, = 393.9 litres, see HultschMetrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452f. See further II. בַּת and references, BenzArch 183 f NowArch. i, 203 f.

clay, homer, morter, mire, homers, …
ḥōmer
properly, a bubbling up, i.e., of water, a wave; of earth, mire or clay (cement)
  • cement, mortar, clay
    • mortar, cement
      • "clay"mire
    heap
    • swelling, surging (of water)
    homer—a unit of dry measure about 65 imperial gallons (300 l)

וַ תִּבְאַ֖שׁ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תִּבְאַ֖שׁ
Root word stank, stink, abhorred, abomination, loathsome, …
Dictionary form: בָּאַשׁ · baw-ASH

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: stank
stank ×2 stink ×2 a stinking savour ×1 and stank ×1 man is loathsome ×1 shall stink ×1 stinketh ×1 they had made themselves odious ×1
More options
stink — Core literal sense; best for physical odor contexts.
reek — Vivid, modern; implies overwhelming, offensive smell.
be detestable — Captures social/moral disgust beyond mere odor.
be loathed — Emphasizes others' strong rejection or contempt.
become repulsive — Good for contexts of damaged reputation or relationship.
be abhorred — Modernized KJV form; retains formal, elevated register.

BDB9359 H888 H887 H7489

BDB9358 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9360

בְּאֵשׁ verb be evil, bad (so ᵑ7; Syriac ; Old Aramaic באש Lzb238 SAC27 Cooke191; compare Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular impersonal עֲלוֺהִי ׳ב Dan 6:15 i.e. it was evil (displeasing) to him (compare Biblical Hebrew [רעע] 1).

stank, stink, abhorred, abomination, loathsome, …
bāʾaš
to smell bad; figuratively, to be offensive morally
  • to have a bad smell, stink, smell bad
    • (Qal) to stink, smell bad
      • "(Niphal)
      • to become odious
        • "to make oneself odious
      (Hiphil)
      • to stink, emit a stinking odor
        • "to cause to stink"of wickedness (figuratively)
      (Hithpael) to make oneself odious
    to become odious (i.e., abhorred)"to be evil, to act wickedly

הָ אָֽרֶץ
הָ
Prefix — article the
אָֽרֶץ
Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and the land
the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43
More options
land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.
earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).
ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.
country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.
region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.
world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

BDB779 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB781

אֶ֫רֶץ2407 noun feminineGen 10:11 & (seldom) masculineGen 13:16 earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COTGloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os9 DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ  ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
  b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
  c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.
2. land =
  a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
  b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
  c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
  d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
  e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
  g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr10. 65); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.
3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
  b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.
4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
  a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
  b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
  c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
  d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
  e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.
5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (JR) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
ʾereṣ
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • land, earth
    • earth
      • whole earth (as opposed to a part)
        • "earth (as opposed to heaven)"earth (inhabitants)
      land
      • country, territory
        • "district, region"tribal territory"piece of ground"land of Canaan, Israel"inhabitants of land"Sheol, land without return, (under) world"city, city-state
      ground, surface of the earth
      • ground
        • "soil
      (in phrases)
      • people of the land
        • "space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)"level or plain country"land of the living"end(s) of the earth
      (almost wholly late in usage)
      • lands, countries
        • often in contrast to Canaan

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ Tipeha — a lesser break הָאָֽרֶץ Silluq — end of the verse

וַיִּצְבְּרוּ אֹתָם חֳמָרִם חֳמָרִם וַתִּבְאַשׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃
14
And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank.
Cross References

Exodus 8:24

וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוָה כֵּן וַיָּבֹא עָרֹב כָּבֵד בֵּיתָה פַרְעֹה וּבֵית עֲבָדָיו וּבְכָל-אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶֽעָרֹֽב׃
24
And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies.

Joel 2:20

וְֽאֶת-הַצְּפוֹנִי אַרְחִיק מֵעֲלֵיכֶם וְהִדַּחְתִּיו אֶל-אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וּשְׁמָמָה אֶת-פָּנָיו אֶל-הַיָּם הַקַּדְמֹנִי וְסֹפוֹ אֶל-הַיָּם הָאַֽחֲרוֹן וְעָלָה בָאְשׁוֹ וְתַעַל צַחֲנָתוֹ כִּי הִגְדִּיל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃
20
But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things.

Ezekiel 39:11

וְהָיָה בַיּוֹם הַהוּא אֶתֵּן לְגוֹג׀ מְקֽוֹם-שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל גֵּי הָעֹֽבְרִים קִדְמַת הַיָּם וְחֹסֶמֶת הִיא אֶת-הָעֹֽבְרִים וְקָבְרוּ שָׁם אֶת-גּוֹג וְאֶת-כָּל-הֲמוֹנֹה וְקָרְאוּ גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּֽוֹג׃
11
And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will give unto Gog a place there of graves in Israel, the valley of the passengers on the east of the sea: and it shall stop the noses of the passengers: and there shall they bury Gog and all his multitude: and they shall call it The valley of Hamon-gog.

Isaiah 34:2

כִּי קֶצֶף לַֽיהוָה עַל-כָּל-הַגּוֹיִם וְחֵמָה עַל-כָּל-צְבָאָם הֶחֱרִימָם נְתָנָם לַטָּֽבַח׃
2
For the indignation of the LORD is upon all nations, and his fury upon all their armies: he hath utterly destroyed them, he hath delivered them to the slaughter.

Exodus 7:21

וְהַדָּגָה אֲשֶׁר-בַּיְאֹר מֵתָה וַיִּבְאַשׁ הַיְאֹר וְלֹֽא-יָכְלוּ מִצְרַיִם לִשְׁתּוֹת מַיִם מִן-הַיְאֹר וַיְהִי הַדָּם בְּכָל-אֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
21
And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.
Exodus 8:13
Read Exodus 8
Exodus 8:15