Ezra 4:17

פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָֽתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת

Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.

Connections

Luke 10:5

εἰς ἣν δ' ἂν οἰκίαν εἰσέρχησθε πρῶτον λέγετε Εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ

And into whatsoever house ye enter, first say, Peace be to this house.

Ezra 7:12

אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא מֶלֶךְ מַלְכַיָּא לְעֶזְרָא כָֽהֲנָא סָפַר דָּתָא דִּֽי-אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא גְּמִיר וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃

Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time.

Ezra 5:7

פִּתְגָמָא שְׁלַחוּ עֲלוֹהִי וְכִדְנָה כְּתִיב בְּגַוֵּהּ לְדָֽרְיָוֶשׁ מַלְכָּא שְׁלָמָא כֹֽלָּא׃

They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all peace.

Romans 1:7

πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ ἀγαπητοῖς θεοῦ κλητοῖς ἁγίοις χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

To all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Acts 23:26

Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν

Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting.

Ezra 4:9

אֱדַיִן רְחוּם בְּעֵל-טְעֵם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָֽפְרָא וּשְׁאָר כְּנָוָֽתְהוֹן דִּֽינָיֵא וַֽאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵא טַרְפְּלָיֵא אֲפָֽרְסָיֵא ‫(ארכוי)‬ אַרְכְּוָיֵא בָֽבְלָיֵא שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵא ‫(דהוא)‬ דֶּהָיֵא עֵֽלְמָיֵֽא׃

Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,

Ezra 4:7

וּבִימֵי אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא כָּתַב בִּשְׁלָם מִתְרְדָת טָֽבְאֵל וּשְׁאָר ‫(כנותו)‬ כְּנָוֺתָיו עַל-‫(ארתחששתא)‬ אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּ מֶלֶךְ פָּרָס וּכְתָב הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָן כָּתוּב אֲרָמִית וּמְתֻרְגָּם אֲרָמִֽית׃

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.

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Ezra 4:17

Text only

Niqqud

Cantillation

Masoretic Phrasing

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.

פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א Revia — a lesser break עַל רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל טְעֵם֙ Pashta — a lesser break וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּשְׁאָר֙ Pashta — a lesser break כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן Zaqef Qatan — a strong break דִּ֥י יָֽתְבִ֖ין Tipeha — a lesser break בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר נַהֲרָ֛ה Tevir — a lesser break שְׁלָ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break וּכְעֶֽת Silluq — end of the verse

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Word Parts

פִּתְגָמָ ֞א

פִּתְגָמָ

Root word answer, matter, word, letter

֞א

Prefix — article the

Dictionary form: פִּתְגָּם · pit-ɡAWM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsd/Td

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

פִּתְגָמָ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Determined
א	Speech Particle Type Definite Article

In English

In the KJV here: an answer

a letter ×1 an answer ×1 matter ×1 this matter ×1 us answer ×1 word ×1

More options

word — Broad default; suits most contexts naturally.

message — Good when content is communicated from a sender.

reply — Prefer when a response to a prior statement is meant.

decree — Suits official or royal proclamations (Aramaic flavor).

matter — Use when referring to a subject or affair, not speech.

edict — Formal written ruling; fits legal or courtly contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9828 H6600 H6599

פִּתְגָם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:11} command, word, affair (Persian: see Biblical Hebrew); — absolute ׳פ Dan 3:16 emphatic מָא- Ezra 4:17 +; — command Ezra 6:11, word, by missive Ezra 5:7, from king Ezra 4:17 (both with שְׁלַת), in answer Ezra 5:11 (with התיב); weakened, thing, affair Dan 3:16; Dan 4:14.

Strong's Definition H6600

answer, matter, word, letter

pitgām

a word, answer, letter or decree

command, work, affair, decree

word, report

Variations 3 forms of this word

Translations 6 English renderings

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Word Parts

שְׁלַ֣ח

Root word sent, put, send

Dictionary form: שְׁלַח · sheh-LA

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqp3ms

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

שְׁלַח

Speech Verb Stem Peal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: then sent

sent ×3 hath sent ×2 they sent ×2 had sent ×1 have we sent ×1 send ×1 shall put ×1 then sent ×1

More options

send — Broadest, most neutral modern equivalent; fits most contexts.

dispatch — Formal register; good for official or royal commissioning.

commission — Emphasizes authoritative appointment or mandate to act.

transmit — Prefer when conveying a message or document, not a person.

deploy — Suited to military or strategic sending of personnel.

place — Captures the 'put' nuance when positioning an object or hand.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9957 H7971 H7972

שְׁלַח verb send (Biblical Hebrew I. שָׁלַח); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Ezra 4:17 +; 3 masculine plural שְׁלַ֫חוּ Ezra 4:11 +; 2 masculine plural שְׁלַחְתּוּן Ezra 4:18 1 plural שְׁלַחְנָא Ezra 4:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁלח Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:12 Passive participle שְׁלִיחַ Ezra 7:14; Dan 5:24 — send, accusative of letter, etc., with עַל person Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 5:7; Ezra 5:17 absolute Ezra 6:13, followed by finite verb Ezra 4:14, + accusative of person Dan 3:28; Dan 6:23 followed by Infinitive Dan 3:2 send out hand (accusative) to harm (Infinitive); passive, be sent, with מִןקֳֿדָם person: subject person Ezra 7:14 subject כַּפָּא Dan 5:24.

Strong's Definition H7972

sent, put, send

šĕlaḥ

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

to send

(P'al)

to send, send out

Variations 7 forms of this word

Translations 10 English renderings

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Word Parts

מַלְכָּ ֗א

מַלְכָּ

Root word king, kings, royal

֗א

Prefix — article the

Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsd/Td

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

מַלְכָּ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Determined
א	Speech Particle Type Definite Article

In English

In the KJV here: the king

the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6

More options

king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.

monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.

ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.

sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.

royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

מֶ֫לֶךְ₁₇₈ noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M⁴¹*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke^{71.3, of Xerxes}]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

Strong's Definition H4430

king, kings, royal

melek

a king

king

Variations 15 forms of this word

Translations 35 English renderings

Kings

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Word Parts

עַל

Preposition upon, unto, over, in, against, …

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R

Preposition

עַל	Speech Preposition

In English

In the KJV here: unto

upon ×16 over ×9 unto ×8 against ×7 concerning ×5 in ×5 for ×4 to ×4

More options

on — Most versatile default; covers surface and figurative senses.

over — Use for authority, coverage, or position above.

about — Best for topics or subjects of speech or thought.

against — Use for opposition, complaint, or hostile action.

concerning — Formal; suits legal or prophetic discourse on a subject.

regarding — Neutral modern alternative to 'concerning'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

Strong's Definition H5922

upon, unto, over, in, against, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

upon, over, on account of, above, to, against

upon, over, on account of, regarding, concerning, on behalf of

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 41 English renderings

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Word Parts

רְח֤וּם

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Rehum")

Dictionary form: רְחוּם · reh-HOOM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

רְחוּם

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: rehum

rehum ×7 wrote rehum ×1

More options

Rehum — Standard proper-name rendering; use in most contexts.

Rehum (official) — Clarifies his administrative role when context requires.

the official Rehum — Useful when introducing the character for the first time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7869 H7348

רְחוּם, רְחֻם proper name, masculine (compassion, or softness, gentleness ?); — post-exilic name:

1. with Zerubbabel:
a. רְחוּם Ezra 2:2, A Ιρεουμ’, ᵐ5^L Ναουμ ( = נְחוּם || Neh 7:7).
b. priest, רְחֻם Neh 12:3 Ρεουμ ( = חָרִם vNeh 12:15, compare Neh 7:42 = Ezra 2:39; Ezra 10:21, see חָרִם 3 a).

2. רְחוּם, with Nehemiah:
a. Levite Neh 3:17, Βασουθ, א A ᵐ5^L Ραουμ.
b. Neh 10:26, Ρα[ε]ουμ.

BDB9898 H7348

רְחוּם proper name, masculine Persian official Ezra 4:8 (usually explained from √ רחם, see Biblical Hebrew; Scheft⁹² thinks possibly originally רוחם, Old Iranian proper name rukma, = splendour).

Strong's Definition H7348

rehum

rĕḥûm

compassion

Rechum, the name of three Israelites

an man who returned from exile with Zerubbabel

also 'Nehum'

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

Rehum One of the leaders who returned with Zerubbabel Rehum A Persian official who wrote to King Artaxerxes Rehum One who sealed the covenant during Nehemiah's time Rehum A Levite who helped repair the wall of Jerusalem

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Word Parts

בְּעֵל

Root word chancellor

Dictionary form: בְּעֵל · beh-ALE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

בְּעֵל

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: the chancellor

the chancellor ×3

More options

official — Broad term; fits most administrative contexts well.

administrator — Emphasizes bureaucratic or governmental role.

chancellor — Modernized KJV; retains formal, high-office tone.

magistrate — Suits legal or civic authority contexts.

secretary — More specific; fits record-keeping or scribal roles.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9383 H1169 H1167

בְּעֵל (K^{§ 54, 3} γ) noun masculine owner, lord (Syriac , used similarly; compare Biblical Hebrew בַּ֫עַל, √ בָּעַל; also ᵑ7 בְּעֵיל); — construct מְֿעֵם׳בּ Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17 i.e. commander (Andr^{M 56* as translation of} Persian fram¹t¹r, commander).

Strong's Definition H1169

chancellor

bĕʿēl

a master; hence, a husband

owner, lord

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 1 English renderings

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Word Parts

טְעֵם֙

Root word decree, commandment, regarded, tasted, wisdom

Dictionary form: טְעֵם · teh-AME

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

טְעֵם

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

a decree ×13 and according to the commandment ×1 and wisdom ×1 commandment ×1 regarded ×1 whiles he tasted ×1

More options

decree — Best for official royal or governmental pronouncements.

command — Modernizes 'commandment'; suits authoritative directives.

order — Neutral, contemporary alternative for formal instructions.

judgment — Fits contexts of deliberated, wisdom-based decisions.

taste — Literal sensory meaning; also metaphor for discernment.

discretion — Captures the 'wisdom' nuance in reflective contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9562 H2942 H2940 H2941

טְעֵם₃₀ noun masculine^{Ezra 4:21} taste, judgement, command (Biblical Hebrew טַ֫עַס (late sense)); — absolute ׳ט Dan 3:10 +, construct ׳ט Dan 5:2; Ezra 6:14, טַ֫עַס (of God, mere scribal distinction Nö^{LCB 1896, 305} Str^{§ 8 c} K^{Aramaismen 40}) Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:23 emphatic טַעְמָא Ezra 4:21 —

1. Dan 5:2 in the taste of the wine (while they were enjoying it).

2. judgement, discretion, in reply, ׳הֲתִיב עֵטָא וּט Dan 2:14 (Prov 26:16); in act (person) על ׳שִׂים ט Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (Prov 26:16); in act (person) על׳שִׂים ט Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 shew proper deference to (עַל).

3. report (of official), with הלך Ezra 5:5, יהב Dan 6:3.

4. command, of God Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:23, of king Ezra 6:14 ׳שִׂיס ט give command, issue decree Dan 3:10 + 3 t., Ezra 4:19; Ezra 4:21 (twice in verse) + 11 t.; ׳בְּעֵל ט commander Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17.

BDB9586 H2942 H5843

עֵטָא noun feminine counsel; — absolute Dan 2:14 (see טְעֵם

2.).

יצא see שֵׁיצֵא.

Strong's Definition H2942

decree, commandment, regarded, tasted, wisdom

ṭĕʿēm

properly, flavor; figuratively, judgment (both subjective and objective); hence, account (both subjectively and objectively)

decree, taste, judgment, command

taste

Variations 5 forms of this word

Translations 6 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ שִׁמְשַׁ֣י

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שִׁמְשַׁ֣י

Root word a name — transliterate it ("And to shimshai")

Dictionary form: שִׁמְשַׁי · shim-SHAI

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Np

Noun — Proper Name

וְ	Speech Conjunction
שִׁמְשַׁי	Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: and to shimshai

and shimshai ×3 and to shimshai ×1

More options

Shimshai — Standard transliteration; best for most Bible translations.

Shimshay — Alternate spelling reflecting Hebrew vowel more closely.

Shim-Shai — Hyphenated form aiding pronunciation for new readers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9972 H8124

שִׁמְשַׁי proper name, masculine; — always סָֽפְרָא ׳שׁ: Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:23 (Andr^{M 86 *} conjectures Old Iranian caritative ששמי, conformed to שׁמשׁ, compare Scheft⁹², who, however, prefers Old Baktrian sim¢zhi = sima¢zhi, proper name).

שֵׁן see שׁנן. below

Strong's Definition H8124

shimshai

šimšay

sunny

Shimshai, a Samaritan

the scribe for Rehum, the satrap of Judea for the Persian government

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

Shimshai Scribe who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem.

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Word Parts

סָֽפְרָ ֔א

סָֽפְרָ

Root word scribe

֔א

Prefix — article the

Dictionary form: סָפֵר · saw-PARE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsd/Td

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

סָֽפְרָ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Determined
א	Speech Particle Type Definite Article

In English

In the KJV here: the scribe

the scribe ×5 a scribe ×1

More options

scribe — Standard modern equivalent; widely understood in biblical contexts.

secretary — Emphasizes administrative, official role in government settings.

scholar — Highlights learned, literate aspect; suits priestly or wisdom contexts.

clerk — Stresses record-keeping duties; fits bureaucratic or court settings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9740 H5613 H5608

[סָפֵר] noun masculine secretary, scribe (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew סֹפֵר); — emphatic סָֽפְרָא the secretary, Persian official, Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:23 construct סָפַר the scribe Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21, of Ezra as learned in God's law.

Strong's Definition H5613

scribe

sāpēr

a scribe (secular or sacred)

scribe, secretary

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

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Word Parts

וּ שְׁאָר֙

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שְׁאָר֙

Root word rest, residue, more

Dictionary form: שְׁאָר · sheh-AWR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

וּ	Speech Conjunction
שְׁאָר	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: and to the rest

and the rest ×4 the residue ×2 and to the rest ×1 and unto the rest ×1 and whatsoever more ×1 as concerning the rest ×1 the rest ×1 with the rest ×1

More options

remainder — Neutral, widely understood; good default choice.

rest — Modern equivalent of KJV 'the rest'; concise and natural.

remnant — Slightly formal; suits theological or solemn contexts.

residue — Technical register; use when precision about leftovers matters.

remaining portion — Clarifies a physical or material share explicitly.

whatever else — Fits additive, list-closing contexts naturally.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9924 H7605 H7606

שְׁאָר noun masculine^{Ezra 7:20} rest, remainder (see Biblical Hebrew I. שׁאר; Egyptian Aramaic noun שאר Cooke²⁰³, verb ישתאר be left (outstanding) Cooke⁴⁰⁴ = S-C^{L 9, Christian-Palestinian} Aramaic ); — ׳שׁ absolute Ezra 4:10 +, construct vEzra 4:9 +; emphatic שְׁאָרָא Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19 — of a thing, remainder Ezra 7:18; Ezra 7:20 of cities Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:17 of persons vEzra 4:9 vEzra 4:10 vEzra 4:17 6:16>; Dan 2:18, of beasts Dan 7:7; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:19.

Strong's Definition H7606

rest, residue, more

šĕʾār

a remainder

rest, remainder

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 8 English renderings

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Word Parts

כְּנָוָ֣תְ ה֔וֹן

כְּנָוָ֣תְ

Root word companions

ה֔וֹן

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: כְּנָת · keh-NAWT

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp3ms

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

כְּנָוָתְ	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Construct
הוֹן	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

In English

In the KJV here: of their companions

and their companions ×3 of their companions ×2 and his companions ×1 and your companions ×1

More options

colleague — Neutral, professional register; suits official or formal contexts.

associate — Broad applicability; implies shared role or affiliation.

companion — Modernized KJV gloss; retains relational warmth.

ally — Emphasizes solidarity or common cause between parties.

peer — Highlights equality of status among the group.

fellow — Informal; good for rendering group membership naturally.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9616 H3675

[כְּנָת] noun masculine associate (Old Aramaic id, Lzb²⁹⁸ SAC⁶⁵; S-C^{B 6}; Syriac ; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic [, ] Schw^{Idioticon 46} Schulth^{Lex. 93}; √ apparently כנח K^{§ 56, a}) β 2 M^{§ 74 c}; Buhl makes loan-word from Assyrian kinâtu, 'Genosse,' but see Dl^{WB 338} Zim^{M.p. 66} *); — associate, plural suffix כְּבָוָתֵהּ Ezra 5:6, תְהוֺן- Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 6:6; Ezra 6:13.

Strong's Definition H3675

companions

kĕnāt

a colleague (as having the same title)

companion, associate

Variations 5 forms of this word

Translations 4 English renderings

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Word Parts

דִּ֥י

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Tr

Particle — Relative

דִּי	Speech Particle Type Relative

In English

In the KJV here: that

that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3

More options

that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.

who — Use when antecedent is a person.

whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.

of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.

because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb⁴⁴⁴ [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

Strong's Definition H1768

that, of, which, whom, whose, …

dî

that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of

(rel part) who, which, that

Variations 10 forms of this word

Translations 43 English renderings

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Word Parts

יָֽתְבִ֖ין

Root word set, sit, dwell

Dictionary form: יְתִב · yeh-TIB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqrmpa

Verb — Peal, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

יָתְבִין

Speech Verb Stem Peal Type Participle Active Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: dwell

and set ×1 did sit ×1 dwell ×1 shall sit ×1 was set ×1

More options

sit — General posture; best default for most contexts.

dwell — Prefer when indicating residence or prolonged stay.

be seated — Formal register; suits royal or ceremonial scenes.

settle — Implies establishing oneself in a place over time.

reside — Neutral, modern alternative to 'dwell' for habitation.

be placed — Passive sense; use when something is deliberately set down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9601 H3488 H3427

יְתִב (K^{§ 25 a}) β)) verb sit, dwell (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew ישׁב); —

Pe`al 1. sit, be seated: Perfect 3 masculine singular יְתִב Dan 7:9 and (of judgment = the judge) vDan 7:10, so Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתִּ֑ב (K^{§ 43.1.Beisp. b}), compare Biblical Hebrew יֵשֵׁב) Dan 7:26.

2. dwell, Participle plural absolute יָתְבִין Ezra 4:17 (ב location). Haph`el cause to dwell: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺתֵב Ezra 4:10 (accusative + ב location).

Strong's Definition H3488

set, sit, dwell

yĕtib

to sit or dwell

to sit, dwell

(P'al) to sit, be seated

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 5 English renderings

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Word Parts

בְּ שָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

שָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן

Root word a name — transliterate it ("In samaria")

Dictionary form: שׇׁמְרַיִן · shome-ra-YIN

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Np

Noun — Proper Name

בְּ	Speech Preposition
שָֽׁמְרָיִן	Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: in samaria

in samaria ×1 samaria ×1

More options

Samaria — Standard proper noun; use in most contexts.

the city of Samaria — Clarifies it is a city, not a region.

the capital of Samaria — Highlights its role as a political center.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9968 H8111 H8115

שָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן proper name, of a location (Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֺן, I. שָׁמַר); — Ezra 4:7; Ezra 4:10.

Strong's Definition H8115

samaria

šomrayin

watch mountain

Shomrain, a place in Palestine

the region of northern Palestine associated with the northern kingdom of the 10 tribes of Israel which split from the kingdom after the death of Solomon during the reign of his son Rehoboam and were ruled by Jeroboam

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

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Word Parts

וּ שְׁאָ֧ר

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שְׁאָ֧ר

Root word rest, residue, more

Dictionary form: שְׁאָר · sheh-AWR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

וּ	Speech Conjunction
שְׁאָר	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: and unto the rest

and the rest ×4 the residue ×2 and to the rest ×1 and unto the rest ×1 and whatsoever more ×1 as concerning the rest ×1 the rest ×1 with the rest ×1

More options

remainder — Neutral, widely understood; good default choice.

rest — Modern equivalent of KJV 'the rest'; concise and natural.

remnant — Slightly formal; suits theological or solemn contexts.

residue — Technical register; use when precision about leftovers matters.

remaining portion — Clarifies a physical or material share explicitly.

whatever else — Fits additive, list-closing contexts naturally.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9924 H7605 H7606

Strong's Definition H7606

rest, residue, more

šĕʾār

a remainder

rest, remainder

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 8 English renderings

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Word Parts

עֲבַֽר

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Beyond")

Dictionary form: עֲבַר · uh-BAHR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

עֲבַֽר

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: beyond

on this side ×5 are beyond ×3 beyond ×3 countries beyond ×1 that are on this side ×1 were on this side ×1

More options

the other side — Most natural modern phrase for spatial opposition.

across — Concise; works well with rivers or boundaries.

region beyond — Good for geographic or territorial contexts.

far side — Emphasizes distance; useful in narrative description.

opposite bank — Precise when referencing a river or body of water.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9750 H5675 H5676

עֲבַר noun masculine region across, beyond (see Biblical Hebrew I. עֵ֫בֶר √עָבַר); — construct in phrase עֲבַר(ֿ)נַהֲרָה, i.e. Syria (Scheft⁸⁷): Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:20; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 5:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:13; Ezra 7:21; Ezra 7:25, נהרא ׳ע Ezra 4:16. compare in Cilician Aramaic, Cooke³⁴⁶.

עַד see עדה. below

Strong's Definition H5675

beyond, side

ʿăbar

properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)

region beyond or across

Variations 3 forms of this word

Translations 6 English renderings

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Word Parts

נַהֲרָ ֛ה

נַהֲרָ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The river")

֛ה

Prefix — article the

Dictionary form: נְהַר · neh-HAHR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np/Td

Noun — Proper Name

נַהֲרָ	Speech Noun Type Proper Name
ה	Speech Particle Type Definite Article

In English

In the KJV here: the river

the river ×14 stream ×1

More options

river — Most natural, broadly applicable term for a large waterway.

stream — Suitable for smaller or less imposing waterways.

waterway — Neutral, context-flexible; good for geographic or formal writing.

canal — Appropriate when context implies a man-made or channeled flow.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9696 H5102 H5103

נְהַר₁₄ noun masculine^{Dan 7:10} river (see Biblical Hebrew I. נהר); — absolute ׳נ Dan 7:10 emphatic נַהֲרָה Ezra 4:10 +, אָ֯, Ezra 4:16 — river, usually of Euphrase, in phrase ׳עֲבַר נ Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:16 + 10 t. Ezra; דִּינֿוּר ׳נ Dan 7:10 a river of fire, in vision.

Strong's Definition H5103

river, stream

nĕhar

a river, especially the Euphrates

river

Variations 4 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

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Word Parts

שְׁלָ֖ם

Root word peace

Dictionary form: שְׁלָם · sheh-LAWM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

שְׁלָם

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: peace

peace ×4

More options

peace — Modernized KJV form; broadest, most natural equivalent.

well-being — Emphasizes wholeness and flourishing of a person.

welfare — Good for inquiring about someone's condition or state.

harmony — Highlights relational or communal dimension of šālôm.

prosperity — Use when material or social thriving is in focus.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9962 H8001

שְׁלָם noun masculine^{Dan 3:31} welfare, prosperity; — in greetings: absolute Ezra 4:17 prosperity! emphatic שְׁלָמָא Ezra 5:7 suffix שְׁלָֽמְכוֺן יַשְׂגִּיא Dan 3:31; Dan 6:26.

Strong's Definition H8001

peace

šĕlām

prosperity

welfare, prosperity, peace, well-being

Variations 3 forms of this word

Translations 1 English renderings

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Word Parts

וּ כְעֶֽת

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

כְעֶֽת

Adverb time

Dictionary form: כְּעֶנֶת · keh-eh-NET

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/D

Adverb

וּ	Speech Conjunction
כְעֶֽת	Speech Adverb

In English

In the KJV here: and at such a time

and at such a time ×3 peace and at such a time ×1

More options

at this time — Neutral, broadly useful for pointing to a present moment.

at that time — Use when referring to a past or narrative moment.

at such a time — Modernized KJV; retains slight formal or solemn tone.

right now — Colloquial; good for immediate, urgent contexts.

at the present moment — Formal register; suits official or diplomatic speech.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9782 H3706 H3705

כְּעֶ֫נֶת and (Ezra 4:17) contracted כְּעֶת adverb now (feminine of כְּעַן; so first SS Torrey^{JBL 16 (1897), 166 ff.}; now confirmed by Egyptian Aramaic כענת Cowley^{PSBA xxv. 264, 311, 312} ( = RES^492-4 = S-C^{M, N, O}); ׳וכ formerly taken to mean and so forth); — always ׳וּכ, and always in a letter, introducing the business of the letter, and to be connected with what follows, not, as ᵑ0, with what precedes: Ezra 4:10 (strike out, as introduced by error from end of vEzra 4:11), vEzra 4:11 (joining to vEzra 4:12) and now, let it be known, etc., vEzra 4:17f. and now, the letter which, etc., Ezra 7:12f. and now, I make a decree, etc. (compare וְעַתָּה similarly in letters 2Kgs 5:6; 2Kgs 10:2, and καὶ νῦν 2 Macc 1:6).

Strong's Definition H3706

time

kĕʿenet

thus (only in the formula 'and so forth')

now, and now

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

Ezra 4:16

Read Ezra 4

Ezra 4:18