Ezra 4:9

אֱדַ֜יִן רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָ֖ר כְּנָוָֽתְה֑וֹן דִּֽ֠ינָיֵא וַֽאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣א אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗א (ארכוי) אַרְכְּוָיֵא בָֽבְלָיֵא֙ שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔א (דהוא) דֶּהָיֵא עֵֽלְמָיֵֽא
Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

אֱדַ֜יִן
אֱדַ֜יִן
Adverb then, time, now
Dictionary form: אֱדַיִן · eh-da-YIN

Adverb

In the KJV here: then
then ×53 and then ×1 hither then ×1 now ×1 that time ×1
More options
then — Broadest temporal connector; fits most narrative contexts.
at that point — Emphasizes a precise moment in a sequence of events.
after that — Highlights sequence; useful when succession needs clarity.
at that time — Slightly more formal; good for historical or legal prose.
thereupon — Signals immediate consequence; slightly elevated register.
now — Use when the narrative shifts focus rather than marks sequence.

BDB9270 H116

BDB9269 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9271

אֱדַ֫יִן57 adverb then, thereupon (so Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. H 1, J 1), not ᵑ7: the usually Aramaic forms are הֵידֵין , Mandean האידין (NöM 207); from [אֱדַי] = Biblical Hebrew אֲזַי (see אָז) + determ. affix n (as in דִּכֵּן, תַּמָּן; in Sabean = post-positive article; HomChr. § 57: compare WCG 115), NöGGA 1884, 1020: אֲזַי, [אֱדַי], probably from same demonstrative √ as זֶה, דָּא, דִּי, etc., , , lo well then, in that case, Ethiopic : when? : now (DiLex. 197, 1072), Syriac (enclitic) but); — then, thereupon, Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:25; Dan 2:48; Dan 3:24 +, Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + (always, except Ezra 5:5, at beginning of sentence, introducing new stage of narrative with some emphasis); so with בְּ, בֵּאדַיִן (3 t. Ezra, 26 t. Daniel) Dan 2:14; Dan 2:35; Dan 2:46; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:13; Dan 3:19; Dan 3:21 (twice in verse); Dan 3:26, etc., Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2; Ezra 6:1 מִןאֱֿדַיִן from that time Ezra 5:16.

then, time, now
ʾĕdayin
then (of time)
  • then, afterwards, thereupon, from that time

רְח֣וּם
רְח֣וּם
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Wrote rehum")
Dictionary form: רְחוּם · reh-HOOM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: wrote rehum
rehum ×7 wrote rehum ×1
More options
Rehum — Standard proper-name rendering; use in most contexts.
Rehum (official) — Clarifies his administrative role when context requires.
the official Rehum — Useful when introducing the character for the first time.

BDB7869 H7348

BDB7868 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7870

רְחוּם, רְחֻם proper name, masculine (compassion, or softness, gentleness ?); — post-exilic name:

1. with Zerubbabel:
  a. רְחוּם Ezra 2:2, A Ιρεουμ’, ᵐ5L Ναουμ ( = נְחוּם || Neh 7:7).
  b. priest, רְחֻם Neh 12:3 Ρεουμ ( = חָרִם vNeh 12:15, compare Neh 7:42 = Ezra 2:39; Ezra 10:21, see חָרִם 3 a).
2. רְחוּם, with Nehemiah:
  a. Levite Neh 3:17, Βασουθ, א A ᵐ5L Ραουμ.
  b. Neh 10:26, Ρα[ε]ουμ.

BDB9898 H7348

BDB9897 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9899

רְחוּם proper name, masculine Persian official Ezra 4:8 (usually explained from √ רחם, see Biblical Hebrew; Scheft92 thinks possibly originally רוחם, Old Iranian proper name rukma, = splendour).

rehum
rĕḥûm
compassion
Rechum, the name of three Israelites
  • an man who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
    • also 'Nehum'
    a commander who wrote a letter to the king Artaxerxes in which he opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem"a Levite of the family of Bani who assisted in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem"one of the chiefs of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah"a priest who returned from exile with Zerubbabel

בְּעֵל
בְּעֵל
Root word chancellor
Dictionary form: בְּעֵל · beh-ALE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the chancellor
the chancellor ×3
More options
official — Broad term; fits most administrative contexts well.
administrator — Emphasizes bureaucratic or governmental role.
chancellor — Modernized KJV; retains formal, high-office tone.
magistrate — Suits legal or civic authority contexts.
secretary — More specific; fits record-keeping or scribal roles.

BDB9383 H1169 H1167

BDB9382 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9384

בְּעֵל (K§ 54, 3 γ) noun masculine owner, lord (Syriac , used similarly; compare Biblical Hebrew בַּ֫עַל, √ בָּעַל; also ᵑ7 בְּעֵיל); — construct מְֿעֵם׳בּ Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17 i.e. commander (AndrM 56* as translation of Persian fram¹t¹r, commander).

chancellor
bĕʿēl
a master; hence, a husband
  • owner, lord

טְעֵ֗ם
טְעֵ֗ם
Root word decree, commandment, regarded, tasted, wisdom
Dictionary form: טְעֵם · teh-AME

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

a decree ×13 and according to the commandment ×1 and wisdom ×1 commandment ×1 regarded ×1 whiles he tasted ×1
More options
decree — Best for official royal or governmental pronouncements.
command — Modernizes 'commandment'; suits authoritative directives.
order — Neutral, contemporary alternative for formal instructions.
judgment — Fits contexts of deliberated, wisdom-based decisions.
taste — Literal sensory meaning; also metaphor for discernment.
discretion — Captures the 'wisdom' nuance in reflective contexts.

BDB9562 H2942 H2940 H2941

BDB9561 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9563

טְעֵם30 noun masculineEzra 4:21 taste, judgement, command (Biblical Hebrew טַ֫עַס (late sense)); — absolute ׳ט Dan 3:10 +, construct ׳ט Dan 5:2; Ezra 6:14, טַ֫עַס (of God, mere scribal distinction NöLCB 1896, 305 Str§ 8 c KAramaismen 40) Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:23 emphatic טַעְמָא Ezra 4:21 —

1. Dan 5:2 in the taste of the wine (while they were enjoying it).
2. judgement, discretion, in reply, ׳הֲתִיב עֵטָא וּט Dan 2:14 (Prov 26:16); in act (person) על ׳שִׂים ט Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (Prov 26:16); in act (person) על׳שִׂים ט Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 shew proper deference to (עַל).
3. report (of official), with הלך Ezra 5:5, יהב Dan 6:3.
4. command, of God Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:23, of king Ezra 6:14 ׳שִׂיס ט give command, issue decree Dan 3:10 + 3 t., Ezra 4:19; Ezra 4:21 (twice in verse) + 11 t.; ׳בְּעֵל ט commander Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17.

BDB9586 H2942 H5843

BDB9585 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9587

עֵטָא noun feminine counsel; — absolute Dan 2:14 (see טְעֵם

2.).

יצא see שֵׁיצֵא.

decree, commandment, regarded, tasted, wisdom
ṭĕʿēm
properly, flavor; figuratively, judgment (both subjective and objective); hence, account (both subjectively and objectively)
  • decree, taste, judgment, command
    • taste
      • "judgment, discretion"report"command

וְ שִׁמְשַׁי֙
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
שִׁמְשַׁי֙
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And shimshai")
Dictionary form: שִׁמְשַׁי · shim-SHAI

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and shimshai
and shimshai ×3 and to shimshai ×1
More options
Shimshai — Standard transliteration; best for most Bible translations.
Shimshay — Alternate spelling reflecting Hebrew vowel more closely.
Shim-Shai — Hyphenated form aiding pronunciation for new readers.

BDB9972 H8124

BDB9971 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9973

שִׁמְשַׁי proper name, masculine; — always סָֽפְרָא ׳שׁ: Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:23 (AndrM 86 * conjectures Old Iranian caritative ששמי, conformed to שׁמשׁ, compare Scheft92, who, however, prefers Old Baktrian sim¢zhi = sima¢zhi, proper name).

שֵׁן see שׁנן. below

shimshai
šimšay
sunny
Shimshai, a Samaritan
  • the scribe for Rehum, the satrap of Judea for the Persian government

סָֽפְרָ ֔א
סָֽפְרָ
Root word scribe
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: סָפֵר · saw-PARE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the scribe
the scribe ×5 a scribe ×1
More options
scribe — Standard modern equivalent; widely understood in biblical contexts.
secretary — Emphasizes administrative, official role in government settings.
scholar — Highlights learned, literate aspect; suits priestly or wisdom contexts.
clerk — Stresses record-keeping duties; fits bureaucratic or court settings.

BDB9740 H5613 H5608

BDB9739 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9741

[סָפֵר] noun masculine secretary, scribe (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew סֹפֵר); — emphatic סָֽפְרָא the secretary, Persian official, Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:23 construct סָפַר the scribe Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21, of Ezra as learned in God's law.

scribe
sāpēr
a scribe (secular or sacred)
  • scribe, secretary

וּ שְׁאָ֖ר
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
שְׁאָ֖ר
Root word rest, residue, more
Dictionary form: שְׁאָר · sheh-AWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the rest
and the rest ×4 the residue ×2 and to the rest ×1 and unto the rest ×1 and whatsoever more ×1 as concerning the rest ×1 the rest ×1 with the rest ×1
More options
remainder — Neutral, widely understood; good default choice.
rest — Modern equivalent of KJV 'the rest'; concise and natural.
remnant — Slightly formal; suits theological or solemn contexts.
residue — Technical register; use when precision about leftovers matters.
remaining portion — Clarifies a physical or material share explicitly.
whatever else — Fits additive, list-closing contexts naturally.

BDB9924 H7605 H7606

BDB9923 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9925

שְׁאָר noun masculineEzra 7:20 rest, remainder (see Biblical Hebrew I. שׁאר; Egyptian Aramaic noun שאר Cooke203, verb ישתאר be left (outstanding) Cooke404 = S-CL 9, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic ); — ׳שׁ absolute Ezra 4:10 +, construct vEzra 4:9 +; emphatic שְׁאָרָא Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19 — of a thing, remainder Ezra 7:18; Ezra 7:20 of cities Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:17 of persons vEzra 4:9 vEzra 4:10 vEzra 4:17 6:16>; Dan 2:18, of beasts Dan 7:7; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:19.

rest, residue, more
šĕʾār
a remainder
  • rest, remainder

כְּנָוָֽתְ ה֑וֹן
כְּנָוָֽתְ
Root word companions
ה֑וֹן
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: כְּנָת · keh-NAWT

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of their companions
and their companions ×3 of their companions ×2 and his companions ×1 and your companions ×1
More options
colleague — Neutral, professional register; suits official or formal contexts.
associate — Broad applicability; implies shared role or affiliation.
companion — Modernized KJV gloss; retains relational warmth.
ally — Emphasizes solidarity or common cause between parties.
peer — Highlights equality of status among the group.
fellow — Informal; good for rendering group membership naturally.

BDB9616 H3675

BDB9615 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9617

[כְּנָת] noun masculine associate (Old Aramaic id, Lzb298 SAC65; S-CB 6; Syriac ; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic [, ] SchwIdioticon 46 SchulthLex. 93; √ apparently כנח K§ 56, a) β 2 M§ 74 c; Buhl makes loan-word from Assyrian kinâtu, 'Genosse,' but see DlWB 338 ZimM.p. 66 *); — associate, plural suffix כְּבָוָתֵהּ Ezra 5:6, תְהוֺן- Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 6:6; Ezra 6:13.

companions
kĕnāt
a colleague (as having the same title)
  • companion, associate

דִּֽ֠ינָיֵ א
דִּֽ֠ינָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The dinaites")
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: דִּינַי · dee-NAI

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the dinaites
the dinaites ×1
More options
Dinaites — Standard proper-noun rendering; best for most contexts.
people of Dina — Clarifies ethnic/geographic origin for general readers.
Dinaean settlers — Useful when emphasizing their transplanted colonial status.

BDB9446 H1784

BDB9445 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9447

דִּינָיֵא proper name, of a people (?) Ezra 4:9 (so most, but HoffmZA ii. 55 Marquart64 AndrM 59* MeyEntst. J. 39 Str46* read דַּיָּנַיָּא judges (as translation of Persian dâtabara), while Scheft81 (improbable) compare Old Iranian *denya, (the) orthodox, i.e. Persians).

dinaites
dînay
judgment
a Dinaite or inhabitant of some unknown Assyria province
  • the name of some of the Cuthaean colonists who were placed in the cities of Samaria after the captivity of the ten tribes

וַ ֽאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ ֞א
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
ֽאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The apharsathchites")
֞א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֲפַרְסְכַי · uh-pahr-seh-KAI

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the apharsathchites
the apharsachites ×2 the apharsathchites ×1
More options
Apharsachites — Modernized spelling; best for formal or study Bibles.
Apharsachians — Treats the term as a standard ethnic group name.
Apharsach officials — Use when the term likely denotes an administrative role.
Persian officials — Interpretive; clarifies likely cultural background for readers.

BDB9333 H671

BDB9332 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9334

אֲפָֽרְסְכָיֵא Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6 = (according to most)

BDB9334 H671

BDB9333 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9335

אֲפָֽרְסַתְּכָיֵא Ezra 4:9, proper name, plural of a people, so most hitherto, and still MeyEnst. J. 38 ff. (Persians), but many moderns think official title (HoffmZA ii. 54 Marquart64 JenThLZ, 1895, 509 Ency. Bib.:190 f.; plausible explanations are: AndrM 53* = Assyrian šuparša‡ (see Muss-ArnAssyrian Dict. 1098 š¹q¥

3., general, IdAJSL xx (1904), 186 ff.); Scheft76 = Old Iranian aparasaraka, lesser ruler; IdMGWJ 47 (1903),315f. explained תְּכָיֵא- as Old Persian *aparaθrãka, lesser governor).

apharsachites, apharsathchites
ʾăparsĕkay
as causers of division(?), I will divide the deceivers(?)
an Apharsekite or Apharsathkite, an unknown Assyrian tribe
  • a group of people (perhaps Assyrians)
    • "perhaps an office or an official

טַרְפְּלָיֵ ֣א
טַרְפְּלָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The tarpelites")
֣א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: טַרְפְּלַי · tahr-peh-LAI

Noun — Common, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the tarpelites
the tarpelites ×1
More options
Tarpelites — Standard modern scholarly and Bible-translation rendering.
Tarpeleans — Anglicized demonym form, slightly more natural in English.
people of Tarpel — Descriptive gloss; useful when readers need clarity on ethnic term.

BDB9565 H2967

BDB9564 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9566

טַרְפְּלָיֵא proper name, of a people so most, Ezra 4:9 (AndrM 64* a title; HoffmZA ii. 55 compare * Persian taraparda, i.e. beyond the bridge; < Scheft86 compare Old Iranian tarapâra, beyond the shore [= transriparii Id.MGWJ 47, 316] translation of עֲבַר נַהֲרָא).

tarpelites
ṭarpĕlay
they of the fallen (or wondrous) mountain
a Tarpelite (collectively) or inhabitants of Tarpel, a place in Assyria
  • a race of Assyrian colonists who were planted in the cities of Samaria after the captivity of the northern kingdom of Israel; identity uncertain

אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ ֗א
אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The apharsites")
֗א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֲפָרְסַי · uh-pore-SAI

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the apharsites
the apharsites ×1
More options
Apharsites — Standard anglicized form; best for most translations.
Apharsite — Singular form of the ethnic/group name.
Apharsi people — Clarifies group identity for general audiences.
people of Apharsa — Descriptive rendering when ethnic term is unclear.

BDB9332 H670

BDB9331 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9333

אֲפָֽרְסָיֵא (K§ 52, 2 d)) proper name, plural of a people Ezra 4:9, ᵐ5L Ἀφρασαῖοι, A Ἀφαρσαῖοι; GesLex. Man. RöThes. Add. 107 HoffmZA ii. 55 MeyEnst. J. 38 Persians; DlBaer Ezr lx Scheft75 Parsua (in Media [see StreckZA xv.308 ff.]; yet v. COTon the passage); Marquart64 (א)סָֽרְַיָּא secretaries (א dittograph of preceding); often identify. with following, so AndrM 53*.

apharsites
ʾăporsay
causers of division(?)
an Apherasite or inhabitant of an unknown region of Assyria
  • a group of people (perhaps Persians) who were brought into Samaria
    • "perhaps secretaries

ארכוי
ארכוי
Root word a name — transliterate it
Dictionary form: אַרְכְּוַי · ar-keh-WAI

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word; a people-group name (like "Hittite")

the archevites ×1
More options
Archevites — Standard proper-noun rendering; most widely recognized form.
people of Erech — Descriptive gloss; clarifies geographic origin for readers.
Erechites — Gentillic form derived from the city name Erech.

BDB9346 H756 H751

BDB9345 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9347

אַרְכְּוָיֵ֯ proper name, of a people people of Erech (Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶךְ; so also MeyEJud. 40); — plural emphatic Ezra 4:9 (Qr אַרְכְּוָיֵא; compare K§ 61, 6).

archevites
ʾarkĕway
lengthy
an Arkevite (collectively) or native of Erek
  • a native of the city of Erech

אַרְכְּוָיֵ א
אַרְכְּוָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The archevites")
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אַרְכְּוַי · ar-keh-WAI

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the archevites
the archevites ×1
More options
Archevites — Standard proper-noun rendering; most widely recognized form.
people of Erech — Descriptive gloss; clarifies geographic origin for readers.
Erechites — Gentillic form derived from the city name Erech.

BDB9346 H756 H751

BDB9345 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9347

אַרְכְּוָיֵ֯ proper name, of a people people of Erech (Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶךְ; so also MeyEJud. 40); — plural emphatic Ezra 4:9 (Qr אַרְכְּוָיֵא; compare K§ 61, 6).

archevites
ʾarkĕway
lengthy
an Arkevite (collectively) or native of Erek
  • a native of the city of Erech

בָֽבְלָיֵ א֙
בָֽבְלָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The babylonians")
א֙
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: בַּבְלִי · bahb-LEE

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the babylonians
the babylonians ×1
More options
Babylonian — Standard adjective/noun form; most versatile modern rendering.
citizen of Babylon — Useful when stressing identity or civic belonging.
inhabitant of Babylon — Prefer when emphasizing residence over ethnicity.
native of Babylon — Highlights origin; good for biographical or genealogical contexts.

BDB9362 H896

BDB9361 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9363

[בָּֽבְלַי] adjective, of a people plural emphatic as substantive בָּֽבְלָיֵא Ezra 4:9 the Babylonians.

babylonians
bablî
confusion (by mixing)
a Babylonian
  • Babylonian

שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ ֔א
שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The susanchites")
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: שׁוּשַׁנְכִי · shoo-shahn-KEE

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the susanchites
the susanchites ×1
More options
Susanite — Standard demonym form; most natural in modern English.
person from Susa — Descriptive; clear to readers unfamiliar with the city.
Susanian — Alternative demonym; slightly more formal register.

BDB9944 H7801

BDB9943 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9945

שׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵא proper name, of a people plural the Susians, people of Susa Ezra 4:9, see דהוא (DlPa 327; singular [שׁוּשַׁנָךְ] according to Scheft92, = Old Persian * šušana-ka, from Susa, so (as alternative) AndrM 85 *; compare (on Elamite god Šušinak) WeissbachAnzanische Inschr. 136 JenVOJ vi. 54 ZimKAT 3. 485, and (on Šušun‡a in Elamite inscription, apparently proper name, of a territory) see Weissbl.c. JenZMG iv (1901), 229).

susanchites
šûšankî
lily
a Shushankite (collectively) or inhabitants of some unknown place in Assyrian
  • the inhabitants of the city of Shushan or Susa

ד הוא
ד
Prefix — relative who, which, that
הוא
Particle indeed, surely
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle — Affirmation

that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
dî
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
    • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

דֶּהָיֵ א
דֶּהָיֵ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The dehavites")
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: דַּהֲוָא · da-huh-WAW

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the dehavites
the dehavites ×1
More options
Dehavites — Standard modern spelling; best for most translations.
Dehavians — Ethnic adjective form, parallel to other group names.
people of Dehava — Descriptive; clarifies ethnic group for general readers.

BDB9430 H1723

BDB9429 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9431

דהוא Kt, דֵּהָוֵא Qr, according to Thes and most proper name, of a people Ezra 4:9, see conjectural identification by DlBaer Dn x Scheft31 f.; < read דִּהוּא that is, HoffmZA ii. 54 Marquart64 MeyEntst. J. 36, ᵐ5. οἳ εἰσίν.

dehavites
dahăwāʾ
the sickly
Dahava, a people colonized in Samaria
  • the name of a people
    • "that is, which is to say (simple particles)

עֵֽלְמָיֵֽ א
עֵֽלְמָיֵֽ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And the elamites")
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: עַלְמִי · al-MEE

Noun — Gentilic, masculine plural, determined state plural — usually add "-s"; determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: and the elamites
and the elamites ×1
More options
Elamite — Standard adjective/noun form; most widely recognized today.
person from Elam — Descriptive; useful when ethnic identity needs clarifying.
inhabitant of Elam — Emphasizes residency rather than ethnic heritage.

BDB9774 H5962 H5867

BDB9773 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9775

עֵלְמָיֵא name of a people, plural Elamites (compare Biblical Hebrew עֵילָם); — Ezra 4:9.

elamites
ʿalmî
their heaps
an Elamite or inhabitant of Elam
  • a native of Elam

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
אֱדַ֜יִן רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל טְעֵ֗ם Revia — a lesser break וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ Pashta — a lesser break סָֽפְרָ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּשְׁאָ֖ר Tipeha — a lesser break כְּנָוָֽתְה֑וֹן Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here דִּֽ֠ינָיֵא וַֽאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣א אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗א Revia — a lesser break ארכוי אַרְכְּוָיֵא בָֽבְלָיֵא֙ Pashta — a lesser break שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break דהוא דֶּהָיֵא עֵֽלְמָיֵֽא Silluq — end of the verse

אֱדַיִן רְחוּם בְּעֵל-טְעֵם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָֽפְרָא וּשְׁאָר כְּנָוָֽתְהוֹן דִּֽינָיֵא וַֽאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵא טַרְפְּלָיֵא אֲפָֽרְסָיֵא ‫(ארכוי)‬ אַרְכְּוָיֵא בָֽבְלָיֵא שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵא ‫(דהוא)‬ דֶּהָיֵא עֵֽלְמָיֵֽא׃
9
Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,
Cross References

Ezra 5:6

פַּרְשֶׁגֶן אִגַּרְתָּא דִּֽי-שְׁלַח תַּתְּנַי׀ פַּחַת עֲבַֽר-נַהֲרָה וּשְׁתַר בּֽוֹזְנַי וּכְנָוָתֵהּ אֲפַרְסְכָיֵא דִּי בַּֽעֲבַר נַֽהֲרָה עַל-דָּֽרְיָוֶשׁ מַלְכָּֽא׃
6
The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shethar-boznai, and his companions the Apharsachites, which were on this side the river, sent unto Darius the king:

Ezra 6:6

כְּעַן תַּתְּנַי פַּחַת עֲבַֽר-נַהֲרָה שְׁתַר בּֽוֹזְנַי וּכְנָוָתְהוֹן אֲפַרְסְכָיֵא דִּי בַּֽעֲבַר נַֽהֲרָה רַֽחִיקִין הֲווֹ מִן-תַּמָּֽה׃
6
Now therefore, Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-boznai, and your companions the Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be ye far from thence:

2 Kings 17:24

וַיָּבֵא מֶֽלֶךְ-אַשּׁוּר מִבָּבֶל וּמִכּוּתָה וּמֵֽעַוָּא וּמֵֽחֲמָת וּסְפַרְוַיִם וַיֹּשֶׁב בְּעָרֵי שֹֽׁמְרוֹן תַּחַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּֽרְשׁוּ אֶת-שֹׁמְרוֹן וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ בְּעָרֶֽיהָ׃
24
And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.

2 Kings 17:30

וְאַנְשֵׁי בָבֶל עָשׂוּ אֶת-סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת וְאַנְשֵׁי-כוּת עָשׂוּ אֶת-נֵֽרְגַל וְאַנְשֵׁי חֲמָת עָשׂוּ אֶת-אֲשִׁימָֽא׃
30
And the men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima,

Acts 2:9

Πάρθοι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Ἐλαμῖται καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ Καππαδοκίαν Πόντον καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν
9
Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judaea, and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia,

Esther 1:2

בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם כְּשֶׁבֶת׀ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ עַל כִּסֵּא מַלְכוּתוֹ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָֽה׃
2
That in those days, when the king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan the palace,

Daniel 8:2

וָֽאֶרְאֶה בֶּחָזוֹן וַיְהִי בִּרְאֹתִי וַאֲנִי בְּשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵילָם הַמְּדִינָה וָאֶרְאֶה בֶּֽחָזוֹן וַאֲנִי הָיִיתִי עַל-אוּבַל אוּלָֽי׃
2
And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in a vision, and I was by the river of Ulai.

Ezekiel 32:24

שָׁם עֵילָם וְכָל-הֲמוֹנָהּ סְבִיבוֹת קְבֻרָתָהּ כֻּלָּם חֲלָלִים הַנֹּפְלִים בַּחֶרֶב אֲֽשֶׁר-יָרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים׀ אֶל-אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת אֲשֶׁר נָתְנוּ חִתִּיתָם בְּאֶרֶץ חַיִּים וַיִּשְׂאוּ כְלִמָּתָם אֶת-יוֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃
24
There is Elam and all her multitude round about her grave, all of them slain, fallen by the sword, which are gone down uncircumcised into the nether parts of the earth, which caused their terror in the land of the living; yet have they borne their shame with them that go down to the pit.

Jeremiah 25:25

וְאֵת׀ כָּל-מַלְכֵי זִמְרִי וְאֵת כָּל-מַלְכֵי עֵילָם וְאֵת כָּל-מַלְכֵי מָדָֽי׃
25
And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes,

Isaiah 21:2

חָזוּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד-לִי הַבּוֹגֵד׀ בּוֹגֵד וְהַשּׁוֹדֵד׀ שׁוֹדֵד עֲלִי עֵילָם צוּרִי מָדַי כָּל-אַנְחָתָה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃
2
A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.

Esther 2:3

וְיַפְקֵד הַמֶּלֶךְ פְּקִידִים בְּכָל-מְדִינוֹת מַלְכוּתוֹ וְיִקְבְּצוּ אֶת-כָּל-נַעֲרָֽה-בְתוּלָה טוֹבַת מַרְאֶה אֶל-שׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה אֶל-בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים אֶל-יַד הֵגֶא סְרִיס הַמֶּלֶךְ שֹׁמֵר הַנָּשִׁים וְנָתוֹן תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶֽן׃
3
And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given them:

Genesis 10:22

בְּנֵי שֵׁם עֵילָם וְאַשּׁוּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁד וְלוּד וַֽאֲרָֽם׃
22
The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.

Jeremiah 49:34

אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר-יְהוָה אֶל-יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא אֶל-עֵילָם בְּרֵאשִׁית מַלְכוּת צִדְקִיָּה מֶֽלֶךְ-יְהוּדָה לֵאמֹֽר׃
34
The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying,
Ezra 4:8
Read Ezra 4
Ezra 4:10